ASSURBANIPAC 
 
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HISTOEY 
 
 OF 
 
 ASSUEBANIPAL, 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE 
 
 CUNEIFORM INSCRIPTIONS. 
 
 By GEOEGE smith. 
 
 WILLIAMS AND NORGATE, 
 14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON, 
 AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH. 
 
 MDCCCLXXI. 
 
LONDON 
 
 HAEEISON AND SONS, PRINTEES I.N OKDINAKY TO HEE MAJKSTY, 
 
 ST. MAETIX'S LANE. 
 
PEEFACE. 
 
 In the year 1866 I commenced copying Inscriptions with a 
 view to pubhsh a History of Assurbanipal. In the next year, 
 1867, I was appointed to assist Sir H. Rawlinson in preparing a 
 new volume of Assyrian Inscriptions, and the copies of cylinder 
 fragments of Assurbanipal, made by Mr. E. E,. Bowler, were placed 
 in my hands. These copies I found very useful, as Mr. Bowler 
 had great experience in copying the Cuneiform character ; and 
 from them, in conjunction with my own copies, I put together 
 the Cyhnder Inscriptions, having at the time the benefit of 
 Sir H. Bawhnson's supervision. These cylmders, and the principal 
 tablets of Assurbanipal, were prmted in the Tliird Volume of 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia. 
 
 After the printing of this work I found that, by search in 
 the Museum cupboards, I wti.s gathering a number of new frag- 
 ments of the an Dais of Assiu'banipal. I added these to my copies, 
 and commenced translating them. On mentioning the subject to 
 Mr. J. W. Bosanquet, the weU-known Chronologist, he generously 
 proposed to advance a sum of money for the publication of these 
 annals, which sum he subseqviently increased ; and the completion 
 of the work was provided for by Mr. H. Fox Talbot, the Assyrian 
 scholar. To the kindness and h'berality of these two gentlemen 
 I am entirely indebted for the means of publishing my present 
 work. 
 
IV 
 
 In order to make the book as perfect as possible I have re- 
 copied all the texts from the original tablets and cylinders, but 
 the fragmentary state of some of the inscriptions causes considerable 
 doubt as to the reading of several passages ; these, however, do 
 not affect any important historical matter. 
 
 All passages restored will be found enclosed in brackets, 
 thus f'^]; passages or signs present in one copy but omitted in 
 another (^^f^) ; and variant words or passages are given thus (v. >-^). 
 
 The two books which I have most used in my translation 
 are the Assyrian Dictionary of my friend Mr, E. Norris, and 
 Fuerst's Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon. I differ in opinion from 
 Mr. Norris as to the meaning of several Assyrian words ; but the 
 numerous examples and comparisons given in his Dictionary make 
 it a most valuable aid to Assyrian scholars. The printing of the 
 present work has occupied about twelve months. It has been in the 
 hands of ]\ressrs. Harrison and* Sons, who have spared ho expense 
 to make it perfect ; and for its progress I am much indebted r 
 to Mr. John Mabey, the compositor, who has so much skill in 
 setting-up the Cuneiform types. 
 
 My own chronological views are not very decided, for the 
 Assyrian Inscriptions have introduced many difficulties into this 
 ah-eady complicated subject ; on this account I have said as little 
 as possible about the chronology. Mr. Bosanquet has inserted, at 
 the end of the book, a paper to explain his views on the subject 
 of Chronology in connection with the Annals of Assurbanipal. 
 
 G. S. 
 
 September, 1871. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 First among the sources of information respecting Assurbanipal 
 must be placed the decagon cylinder (Cylinder A) in the British 
 Museum. This inscription is the most perfect of his longer docu- 
 ments, and carries his history down to a later period than the others. 
 Cylinder A, when complete, contained over 1,200 lines of cuneiform 
 writing (about twenty Hnes are now quite lost), and is divided by 
 lines drawn across the columns into thirteen parts. The inscriptions 
 on other types of cylinders — the octagon (Cylinder B), the decagons 
 (Cylinders C and D), and Cylinder E — supply us with accounts of 
 two expeditions omitted on Cylinder A. Besides these there are 
 many independent inscriptions, giving the history of particular 
 campaigns ; and lastly, the reports of the Assyrian generals to 
 Assurbanipal, and his answers ond proclamations. The history of 
 Assurbanipal from these materials will divide itself into the 
 following heads : — 
 
 The introduction, genealogy, and accession of the monarch. 
 
 The first Egyptian war. 
 
 The second Egyptian war. 
 
 The siege of Tyre and affairs of Lydia. 
 
 The conquest of Karbit (omitted on Cylinder A). 
 
 The war with Minni. 
 
 The war with Urtaki, king of Elam (omitted on Cylinder A). 
 
 / 
 
2 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Tlie war with Te-umman, king of Elara, and the conquest of 
 
 Gambuli. 
 The revolt of Saul-mugina, brother of Assurbanipal. 
 The first war with Umman-aldas, king of Elam. 
 The second war with Umman-aldas. 
 The Aral)ian war. 
 The final triumph over Elam. 
 The buildings of Assurbanipal. 
 Later notices of his reign and sketch of the chronology. 
 
 Under each head the most important documents referring to it 
 Avill be given, so far as possible, that the different accounts may be 
 compared together. Cylinder A is here taken as the standard 
 wherever it refers to the events. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Introduction, Genealogy, and Accession of Assurhanipcd. 
 
 The name of Assur-bani-pal, ordinarily written ^ '^'^14^ ^ JT' 
 sometimes ] ^ '^ ]\ and f ^^TA ^^T ^ ^SSf^T' ^^^^ once 
 y ^>^ "-itry >-^y yy;j][, consists of three elements ; the first '^'^T-s^^ 
 *->^, or *-, is the name of the god Assur ; the second element, ^, 
 •-^y ^, or '^^y '->-y, hanl or ban, is a form of the verb to make or 
 beget; and the third element, f}, fy^fT, 5^£. or 5=f5f^y. is the 
 Assyrian word for son. There is a doubt about the pronunciation of 
 this element; in Cun. Ins. Vol. Ill, p. 70, 1. 122, ^t ^ ^^T' ^'^^'^^^ is 
 given as the Akkad value, and ::::y IglJ, ablu, as the Assyrian sound ; 
 this agrees with Cun. Ins. Vol. I, p. 53, 1. 33, where the word is written 
 yf ^ ^li^IT' <^bil; but against this we have to place the fact that 
 this word is rendered in the Hebrew and Greek, in the case of 
 three other names, without the initial a. These names are 
 T ^y ^ "^T^ ^SS^T ^niT '*^" ^^TI' which is rendered in Hebrew 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 3 
 
 ■|DJ«i73il|^Jin, in the Septuagint Qa\ya6(f)€\\aaap, in our N'tTsIon Tiglath 
 
 Pileser; | --f <;^^y -SS^T E^T ^I' "^ Hebrew ]^^?^?^lN■la in 
 the Septuagint MapaySax BaXahdv, in our version Merodach Baladan ; 
 
 and T --y ^T :::; <yn j^^s^T jryyyjr ^v^ ::::ryy> in josephus 
 
 Na^o7ra\da-crapo<i, and in Ptolemy Na^oiroWaadpov. In the case of 
 the inscribed brick, Cun. Ins. Vol. I, p. 5, No. xvii, *^^y-«^, pa/, is 
 used for the word son, and the same syllable is used in the word 
 ^yyy >-^y-^ "^^y-^, Uh-pal-pal, meaning grandson, or any other 
 descent further removed than a son. From these examples I have 
 come to the conclusion that, when in combination with other 
 elements, the word ahil, a son, drops its initial a and becomes jpil, 
 bal, or p«i; and I have chosen the name Assurbanipal, generally 
 used by English scholars, in preference to Asur-bani-habal, the 
 form given by Dr. Oppert. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The principal texts relating to the genealogy and accession of 
 Assurbanipal are Cylinder A, col. i, lines 1 to 50 ; Tablet K, 3050, 
 which gives a very long account (an extract only from col. ii of this 
 tablet is given); Cylinder B, col. i, lines 1 to 24 (lines 25 and 26 
 are lost, and lines 27 to end of introduction are identical with 
 Cylinder A, col. i, lines 45 to 50); Tablet K, 2G41, which appears to 
 be a fragment of a letter from Assurbanipal to his father Esar- 
 haddon ; and an extract from the Sale Tablet K, 321. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column I, Lines 1 to 50. 
 
 1. fr -1 m T -!A ^Vr t^-^ -^T HA < -W'-tl elTI 
 
 A-na-ku Assur-bani-pal bi-nu-tu Assurva Bilat 
 
 / am Assurbanipal, the progeny of Assur and Beltis, 
 
 2. ^E tl^ ty m^ ^eTT -TriT S^T ^TTT- --T< 3. ^n -\A 
 
 ablu sar rab - u sa Bit - rid - u - ti sa Assur 
 
 Ron of the (jrcat king of Bit-riduti, whom A.ssur 
 
4 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 < ..y«< ^n EmEy <p|^^££y ^yy.^ ^^lyn— 4. :Hi!=yyyT -^ 
 
 va Sin bil age ul - tii immi mquti ni - bit sura 
 
 and Sin the lord of crowns, from remote days, the account 
 
 I ^I 10 ^jra ]} ^] j£:s? -Ill- --T< 5. <T-M - ^m s^ 
 
 su iz - ku - ru a - na sar - u - ti va ina lib ummi 
 
 of his name had prophesied to the kingdom, and in the body 
 
 su ib - iiu-u a - na riu - ut Assur Samas Vul 
 
 of his mother, have made to rule Assyria. Shamas, Vul, 
 
 < -! <Vr - <« >f I ^ <IeI -It ^ 7. -y<y^ *^- tyyy^ 
 
 va Istar ina uzzi su-nu ke - e - ni ig - bu - u 
 
 and Ishtar, in their supreme power, commanded the 
 
 ^]]tV,< s£3S --r< I 8. THA^ - «^*HA<IeJ^eT 
 
 e - pis sanu - ti su Assur - ah-iddina sar Assur abu 
 
 making of his kingdom. Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father 
 
 --T '^ < Tt 9. Vt <" -]A < H t^-^I -ITT --T T— -^T< -T<T^ 
 
 ba - nu-u a a-mat Assur va Bilat Hi ti - ik - 
 
 niy begetter, the ivill of Assur and Beltis the Gods 
 
 -ggir I ^! tETTI AH ^i] 10. -gyy -y<y^ y- < i ^y? t]}< 
 
 - li su it - ta - h - id sa ig - bu-u su e - pis 
 
 his protectors he exalted, tcho commanded him to make 
 
 J>4S --T< ^]} 11- - -^? -T^ -^? -T -HTI I? -11 
 
 saru - ti ya ina arah Airu arah He - a bil 
 
 my kingdom. In the month lyyar the month of Ilea the lord 
 
 '^^y c^ ^/ ty? ^y< 12. ^] <yy^>^ ^y ^^yyy^iifvv 
 
 te-ni-se- e - ti immu 12 immu magaru se - sa sa 
 
 of mankind, on the '[2th day, a fortunate day, the festival of 
 
 --T ^^-'^ -ET 13. ^ fy? E?K ^1- tE -y<TA -TT<T -eeIT "gTT 
 
 Gu - la ina e - pis pi - i mut - tal - li sa 
 
 Bel; in performing the important deternunation, which 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 5 
 
 Assur Bilat Sin Samas Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 Assur, Beltis, Sin, ShamaSy Vul, Bel, Neho, 
 
 15. H <\v -ETT ^HT m -T Jfcl -TT- ^TTT -^ -TT<r 
 
 Istar sa Ninua il - sar - rat Kit - niu - ri 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 16. ^^y <m "giT ^tTT tt ^^-T -T + -T <^TT -T s^IEf 
 
 Istar sa Arba - il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, A^inij), Nergal, and Nusku 
 
 ^y<^^^< 17. m^^^H ^T??T— <"-TA<© -S^ < 
 
 ig - bu-ii u - pa - hir nisi Assur zahiri va 
 
 commanded: he gathered the men of Assyria, small and 
 
 ET- _ 18. ^TT ^T -i^i^ s^T? i'Z < J^HJ <:z 19- ]} ^} 
 
 rabati ' sa tarn - te e - lit va sap - lit a - na 
 
 great, and of the upper and loive?' seas; to the 
 
 na - zir zahri saru - ti ya va arku - nu 
 
 setting apart (i.e. inauguration) of my kingdom, and afterivards 
 
 ^:s ^I *-^HA<!eJ ^T? ^T- <« 21. y? <ts^ cy? ^ t<yy 
 
 saru - ut Assur e - pe - es a - de - e ni - is 
 
 the kingdom of Assyria I ruled. The observances of 
 
 _y y_. cy. y>_ ^yyy^ V ^ <H .IT ^ -^T< 22. s^yyyt 
 
 Hi rabati u - sa as-kir su-nu- ti li- 
 
 the great Gods, I caused to he performed to them, I 
 
 <^m ii^ l-^r] ^^!T 45 Tf -I< 23. ^^ I -gyy [y>-~] 
 
 dan - ni - [na] rak - sa - a - ti iiia hidati 
 
 confirmed the covenants. With joy and 
 
 -n<T V T? -T< 24. cy? ^ja t^ [<iEy ryy?] Hf 'jil -tm -<V 
 
 ri - sa- a - ti e - ru - ub [ki - rib] pa - ru - nak - ti 
 
 shouting . / entered [into'] the royal gardens 
 
6 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 25. ^]y- tE:s; H< -gn TH«< ^] T— .£TT -e| ^eT 
 
 mar-kas saru - [ti sa Sin] - ahi - irba abu abu 
 
 the royal property of Seiinacherib, the father of the father 
 
 T? <:= <w [-ET?] 26. fs s^ m- m- "gni ^:s ^^ 
 
 a- lid - di [ya] aplu saru [rab- u saj saru -ut 
 
 [my] begetter^ son of the \_great~\ king, [ivho~\ ruled the 
 
 ^Tf y- 1 " m ti m 27. ]} 5^ti I [H4i ^ _ -] tET 
 
 e -pu-su ina lib -bi * * a- sar [Assur -ah-iddina] abu 
 
 kingdom in the midst ** The place \_Esarhaddo7i] the father 
 
 --T '^ < m 28. <i£j ^yyj mBmm ^y? y- 1 -^ -ih 
 
 ba - nu-u [a] ki - rib ***** e - pu - su bi- lut 
 
 [my] begetter, uithin ***** ruled the dominion 
 
 ^H[A<i£i] 29. ^wmmmB-^ < <B'\-m -w 
 
 Assur Iz * * * * * ba va kim - tu u - 
 
 of Assyria. Iz * * * * * ba, and the family 
 
 - rap - pe - [es] ****** su tu sa - la * * 
 
 grew up ***** * su tu sa- la * * 
 
 31. Q? -^1 mi I -TA ^^ ]\ m m i t? -t<t ^'?-t<t 
 
 [a- na - ku] Assur -bani-pal ki - rib- su a - liu - uz 
 [/] Assurbanipal ivithin it, took care 
 
 32. i»: h KI <T© -<^ *-^ -rm tlId^JII--T< 33. -gTT 
 
 ni - mi- qi Nabu kul- lat duppi sadr - ra - ti sa 
 
 of the ivisdom of Nebo, the whole of the inscribed tablets, of 
 
 -ITA pm -^m ^]}^t] -ET -III < A-TTT -Tl;^ I "5^ 
 
 gi - mir dup-pa-a-ni ma-la kip va ah - zi su-nu 
 all the clay tablets, the whole of their mysteries and difficulties, 
 
 )} A ^T 34. till ty ^-r V -EfeTT ^T? -T <ET m ^T 
 
 a - hi - id al - gis ab - sa - le - e iz - bam ru - du 
 
 / solved. cd gis ab sa le, powerfid bows, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 7 
 
 ?ytE V&IT 35. tT a Tr -- -^TT T? V I? -<T< - <M -TTTT 
 
 susi rukiibi za-mid- su a-sa-a- ti ina ki - bit 
 
 horses, chariots and their harness firmly fitted. By the 
 
 sip - ku ra * bit - Bim 
 * * * their * * * . 
 
 T? t?IT V- --! s^m S<T ^TTT I -Tf; 37. ^y<T^ v- < e\} t]}< 
 
 a- da - bu - ba ta - us - ta su-uii ig - bu-u e - pis 
 
 / proclaimed their laws, they commanded the making 
 
 JSS -<T< tETf 38. }} tVET <« -TT<T ^Tf -<]< I ^]}} m^ <" 
 
 saru - ti ya za- nin es- re - e - ti su- un u -sad- 
 
 of my kingdom, the emhellishing of their temples, they 
 
 HT— EM— 
 
 3i>. -gri 
 
 ili rabati 
 
 sa 
 
 ivill of the great Gods 
 
 who 
 
 -TTA IeU * -T^ < T? 39. <igf s=T? .^ < f} ty? s^ ^ ^ 
 
 - gi - lu pa-nu-u a ke - e -mu-u a e -tap-pa - lu 
 
 entrusted to me, for me they exalted my 
 
 -II < -<v =Ey? ^E -^y tin i=yyy^ -yy<y ^Ey? 40. .yy^ ^-h '^J 
 
 bil-u- ti ya i - na - ru ga - ri ya zi - ka - ru 
 
 dominion and cast down my enemies. The man of 
 
 ^ E^ ^y t<^y .^y4 < ..y <m 4i. ^ggyy ^y ^^yy ^y 
 
 qar - du na - ram Assur va Istar li - id - da -tu 
 
 ivar, exalted by Assur and Ishtar, the royal off- 
 
 ^:^ tyyyt ^y< y? ^y m 42. <ty^ ►cEy ha -y«< -y *y 
 
 sar - u - ti a - na - ku ul - tu Assur Sin Saiuaa 
 
 spring am I. When Assur, Sin, Shamas, 
 
 H^-yy -^yii h-s -\<^ Eiy mum 43. HtEfci-ii- 
 
 Vul Bel Nabu Istar sa Ninua il - sar - rat 
 
 Vid, Bel, Nebo, Ishtar of Nineveh, the divine queen 
 
 ^yyy -^ -yy<y -k'tV v ^^ -y<iEiH-f-y<-^yy-y*:iEy 
 
 Kit-mu- ri Istar sa Arba - il Niuip Nergal Nusku 
 
 of Kitmuri, Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, Nerved, cmd Nusku 
 
8 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 44. ^TI £n< -TIT" ^-f^ <T- V- ^im CiF - ^T i^^ ?? ^eT =p 
 
 da - bis II -se- si - bu in - ni iiia kuzzii abi bani 
 Jiymly seated me on the throne of the father my he- 
 
 XitV, 45. --y ^-TT T? -T T— I ^TTT^ + v e^TT --T ^ TTTT T? 
 
 ya Vul zunni su u -vas-se- ra He - a 
 
 getter, Vid i^ouirecl down Ju's rairi, Ilea 
 
 cTTTf <V <T* E^TT -< T— I 46. 7/ tiTT^ (v. vf ^tTT^) 
 
 u - pad - di - ra dami su hams - 11 (v. arb - u) 
 
 .feasted his people, one-ffth {i\ one -fourth) 
 
 -■^ 4-TT (v- V £^) t<TT ^t^ - ^=T -T<T*^ ^ I 47. ^y? 
 
 se- im (v. se- am) is - qu ina ab - sin - ni su e- 
 
 of the seed, they took in the barn the 
 
 -TT<T -T<T^ JT © -^T Iil -TTT^ "^TT <1^ -^ITI 
 
 - ri - ik su - bul - tu sinap - u esir sibirru 
 
 ears of grain storing, two-thirds of the good crops, 
 
 48. ^y-fz^ H^^EEf^ -tid ^ET{ tyyyt.t^?-HH ^T 
 
 na-pa-as miri (?) pi ya u - suh na- 
 
 ahiindance of corn satisfied my mouth, the 
 
 y- -TT A ^ ^ 49. mmmk -t^ ^ih jt -^t >v - 
 
 -pu - gi pa- ru ***** buli su-te-surina 
 
 growing of fruit ***** cattle, directing in 
 
 ^TTT <z Hf< 50. mmmmB ^^ ^^^t wmm t— -et; 
 
 ta - lit - ti * * * * duh-du * * -i ya 
 
 good fortune * * * * p)lenty * * * my * 
 
 jy t-yyy -^ ^jn ^e -y<y^ ^^ 
 
 su- um - mu- ru i - gal -lum 
 watch (?) they keep (?). 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 9 
 
 Extract from Tablet K, iIO.'jO, Column II. 
 
 1. - '-^} ty^ ►t^? ^^T ^TTTT T? -II ^^T ^ *^ -T? --T< 
 
 Ina arali Airu arah He - a bel te - ni - se - e - ti 
 
 In the month lyyar, the month of Ilea, lord of mankind^ 
 
 hat- ti * * * e - ru - iiv -va iim Bit - ri - du-ii- ti 
 
 hat - ti * * * and I entered into Bit-ridiiti, 
 
 T? t£tl =^^I ^Tf I- < t^TT [<IeJ] im 3. ^^ im -TITT 
 
 a - sar de - e - mi va mil - [ki] * * * ina ki - bit 
 
 the p/ace of judgment and council * * * hi/ command of 
 
 HA ^ET HT— -T<^^T -II -IMI ti^ -T Wl < 
 
 Assiir abu Hi Maruduk bel beli sar sam- [e va 
 
 Assur, father of the Gods, and Merodach lord oflords,king of heaven [cind 
 
 m -t-^] 4. cms V ^i -T =fr <-^H ^f T— tE5s 
 
 irzi- te] u -sa-qa an- ni eli abli sar 
 
 earth~\ ; iAey desired (?) me, and hefoix the sons of the king, 
 
 JT V ^T V I ti^S [^TIT^ -T<] 5- ^TTTT el- _ - ^Tf -TT<r ^_ 
 
 su-mi iz-knrana sar - [u - ti] e - kal ina e - ri - ' ^''^^'^ 
 
 my name they proclaimed to the kingdom. The palace of my ^-'■^*^'^' 
 
 ^ t£T? ^t £?TI Se -TTA ettiei <IeJ "^TH t\ -e^T ^ HH 
 
 -bi ya i - da - as gi - mir karasi ma - li - ni "^'^ '" 
 
 entry knew, all the camp malini '" '"' 
 
 6. }}< ^ ^w -m T— ehs jt ^t -n* ^ttt^ s^ ^^ 
 
 ha - du - u rubi su - ut - saki u - pa - qu 
 
 joyfully the princes and generals listened to the 
 
 -]n E{?< J^Idl M< ^m T. El A* tiSS ^ET --T ^ ■ 
 
 z\ - kar sap - [ti ya] ma - har sar abu ba - ni 
 
 commnnds of ['''//] Up-'*; '" ^he ^)re,sv»cc of the king 
 
 c 
 
10 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cEif ^} ^^ -t] ^^ ^^Ti -^ ^- -.^TT -iT^A mmm 
 
 ya zab - tak ab - bu - su - nu bu - su - ris * * * * 
 
 the father my begetter, in order (J) I placed (?) them as ***** 
 
 8. ..y |>... th T— tU *^ ^T =ET? <T- ^f T— H< T 
 
 Hi rabati ip -se-te ya damiqti ha-dis 
 
 TJie great Gods my good deeds • joyfidly 
 
 Idl -i^T^-^TT £T 9. ^ <iEj ^ ^y< I ^ ^^TIT< -^T< -W V 
 
 ip - pal - su va ina ki - bi - ti su-nu zir - ti u -sib 
 
 . estahUshed, and by their high command I firmly sat on 
 
 'da - a 7 bis ina kuzzu abi bani ya 
 the throne of the father my begetter. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column I, Lines 1 to 24. 
 
 A - na - ku Assur -bani- pal sar rab- u sar 
 
 / am Assurbanipal the great king, the powerftd hing, 
 
 dan-nu sar kissat sar Assur sar kip -rat 
 
 the hing of nations, hing of Assyria, hing of the four 
 
 - ^t^ 3. tElT ^1 m ti T -TA ^ - 8£hS I 
 
 arba- te zi - it lib-bi Assur -all -iddina sar kissat 
 
 regions ; proceeding from the body of Esai'haddon, hing of nations, 
 
 ^SS^-'HA<IEJ 4. <fc^j=T -JP?-TKTT<lEJi£:w 
 
 sar Assur sakkanaku Bab - il sar 
 
 hing of Assyria, high priest of Babylon, hing of 
 
 Sumiri va Akkadi lib - pal - pal Sin - ahi - irba 
 
 the Sxmir and Ahhad ; grandson of Sennacherib, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 11 
 
 sar -kissat sar Assur Hi rabati in a puhri 
 
 king of nations, king of Assyria. The great Gods in their 
 
 su- nu si - mat damiq - te i - sim - [mu] 
 assembly a good account have heard, 
 
 ra - pa - as - tu is - ru - ku- u - ni 
 attentive ears have given; 
 
 8. 
 
 j^H ^jm -T< ^iir^ V A -^TT -^Id ^^IT <r^ 
 
 sadr - ru - ti u - sa - hi - z\\ ka - ra - si 
 inscribed tablets they caused my mind to attend. 
 
 7. ^^y<y ^ 
 
 uz - nu 
 and 
 
 -<^^<^ ^m. 
 
 kul-lat duppani 
 a7id to all the 
 
 ina puhri 
 In the 
 
 '^n T- -rr^ tm -^ ::et? ^m^ ^eh [v- ^itw 
 
 lu - H - mi zi - kar sum- ya u - sar - [bu - u] 
 assembly of the mighty, the renown of my name they nutgnijied, 
 
 1 0. ^w eiH y- tlTT- !£hS -TTI- H< ►£!?] n.t;^^]}}^ 
 
 u - sar - bu - u sar - u - [ti - ya] du - un -nu 
 
 and enlarged [^??7/] empire. Strength, 
 
 s:<H ^jn < -m -\} -^ ^1 -T m] kit [T? -M 12. tyyit 
 
 zik - ru -u- tu e -mu-qa- an zi - ra - [a - ti] u - 
 
 renown, and powerful forces they t/ii-(M*-^ 
 
 \< iY < ^ El t^yyy yj ^y< .^y ^y .yy^ [.yy<y] 
 
 -sat-lim-u- ni ma- ta -a- ti la ma- gi - [ri] 
 increased to me, and counties disobedient 
 
 I'' 
 
 o. 
 
 ina 
 into 
 
 tjuA/u*>A^^ 
 
 m ^ET? A-TI ^ < -TTT^ ^TTT- t-^ tl^m [^ m 
 
 qati ya im - nu - u - u - sam - zu in - [ni va] 
 
 my hand they gave. They strengthened {f) me and 
 
 14. B:m V H t>^ -T< A-TTT Wmm is. ^y ^yyj 
 
 - an - gu - ti ill * * * * 11a - dan 
 
 the priests 
 
 sa 
 
 * * * * 
 
 the 
 
12 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 zi -bi ya i - ]u eli ilC?) * * * es - rit ili 
 
 gifts of my fingers, the Gods over * ^^ * the temples of 
 
 rabati beli ya * * * * * bi sa 
 
 the great Gods my lords * * * * ^ hi of 
 
 <}} -TiA mmmm is. ^^y i.m< A4f <££► -t<t t— 
 
 huraz * * * * sukuUi _ _ _ - _ _ _ 
 
 gold. * * * * ivinged figures{f), 
 
 -t^ V mm 19- - ^JPf I ^T?? <=^ -^ ^ITTT iiig 
 
 tim -mi * * * ina babati sii- un ul -ziz Bit * * ^s- 
 
 columns * * * tvi ^AeiV ^a^es / set up, Bit * * * 
 
 20. tym + + ^Tm r ^rnEi^im eiii 21. <iEjEr 
 
 Bit -mas masu Bit -bilat- matati Bit * * * * ki -ma 
 
 Bit mas masu, Bit hilat matati. Bit * * * * like a 
 
 <v ^TT ^! ty m^ mmm 22. ^^et t^^ ^ mmB 
 
 si - si - it rab - u * * * * allat nap -sat * * -» 
 
 great * * * * * * * lady of life * * * 
 
 e - li * * * * vad-duk * * * * ^ 
 
 orer ^*** ******** 
 
 Fragment of a Letter, K, 2641. 
 
 1 >1-K->^''k->^''k'>^~'1'. >-V »^>^ t:>-»-»- J^TTT' fc:>-»-*- »->— Y V >->-YV yYtif 
 
 1- ?ff^?f:^?f^^<f^^ ^V -- fc^-W <i<<- 5^>^ -HhT ^^I J^-II <I@f 
 
 * * * * rab- i sar kissat sar Bab - ili 
 
 * * * * great, king of nations, king of Babylon, 
 
 * * * * sar a - bi ya ki - bi va * * * * u 
 
 * * * * the king my father in consort with me ; * * * * * 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 13 
 
 sar kissat sar Assur ablu ka - a va * * * * 
 
 Z:m?(/ o/' oiations, king of Assur, thy son, and * * * * 
 
 £T- T— I 5. iii^il^ !=yyj « igj tyyyt <fc???? -^ 
 
 rabati su ****** dan-nis In - u salim -mu ^'^'- 
 
 Ai5 great ****** much peace * * 
 
 ^- H^S^ Tf ^T '^' S^^ -^Tr I^est of obverse lost. 
 
 * * * * a - ma * * * * ya 
 
 ****** ^ ^ ^ ^ ifYiy 
 
 On 
 
 reverse 
 
 * * * bani- pal * * * Assur 
 
 * * * hanipal * * * Assyria. 
 
 The following is the most probable restoration of this fragment : 
 
 " [To Esarhaddon] the great [king], king of nations, king of 
 " Babylon, [king of the four regions,] the king my father in consort 
 *' with me ; [from Assiu:banipal] the great [king], king of nations, 
 " king of Assyria, thy son * * * * his great [men(?) to the king my 
 " lord, may there be] much peace ***** my * * * * *." 
 
 On reverse : " [Palace of Assur]banipal [king of nations, king 
 *' of] Assyria." 
 
 Date on Sale Tablet K. 
 
 Inaarah abu immu 27 li - mu Mar - la - run 
 
 Jn the month of Ah, the 27th day, the eponymy of Marlarmi, the 
 
14 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 i=E s^m -tTT IeJ iH - r *=T r->v :p ^^^] « 
 
 tur - tan Ku * * ina tar - iz Assur -bani - pal sar 
 
 tartan Ku * * in the hegmning [of the reign'] of Assiirhanipal, 
 
 
 Assur 
 king of Assyria. 
 
 From these texts we learn that Assurbanipal was the son of 
 Esarhaddon, and grandson of Sennacherib, and tliat he was made 
 king of Assyi'ia during his father's lifetime, on the 12 th day of the 
 month lyjar (April), in the eponymy of Marlarim ; which, according 
 to the Assyrian eponym canon, was B.C. 668; and this year is 
 further given in Ptolemy's canon as the last year of Esarhaddon. 
 Ptolemy's list for this period being — 
 
 Aaapih'.vov v^' [13 years] tt' [end 60 year N.] B.C. 680-668. 
 ^axi<ihovxivQv X [^0 years] p [end 80 year N.] B.C. 667-648. 
 
 Saosduchin, the successor of Esarhaddon at Babylon (according to 
 Ptolemy), is the brother of Assurbanipal, usually called Saulmugina. 
 He was made tributary king of Babylon, on the death of Esarhaddon 
 (see Part ix). 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 15 
 
 PART II. 
 
 The First Egyptian War 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of this part of the history are. CyHnder A, col. i, 
 line 51, to col. ii, line 60 ; Cylinder B, col. i, line 34, to col. ii, line 22. 
 The text of Cyhnder B being in most places the same as Cylinder A 
 only the variant passages need notice ; the same may be said of 
 Cylinder C, which has one variant passage, but otherwise agrees 
 with Cylinder B. Cylinder E gives a different text, part only of 
 which is preserved. Tablet K, 3083, has a passage connecting this 
 text with that of the large Egyptian Tablets, K, 2675, and K, 228. 
 Beside the Assyrian texts it is necessary here to give some notice 
 of the Egyptian inscriptions bearing on the subject. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column I, Line 51, to Column II, Line 60. 
 
 51. t£ ^1 -eil ^IT<! f Tf E??< -TT<T -£T? Tf -^T x^ -TIT ^E - 
 
 I - na - mah - re - e gar - ri ya a - na Ma -gan 9'^'^ 
 In my first expedition to Makaii 
 
 52. < \^y ^w H< IEII<. i^liT IH T -- ^^ ^TTT^ « '-^ -^ <:: 
 
 va Mi - lull -ha lu -u- al - lik Tar- qu - u sar Mu -zur 
 and Meroe I ivent. TirhaJcah king of Egypt 
 
 \^ ^ f TTTt tyf 53. -gTT T -T^ ^ - 5£:s *-^ -V <Igf 
 
 Ku - u - si sa Assur -ah-iddina sar Assur 
 
 and Ethiopia^ . of irhom Esarhaddon Jcing of Assyria, the 
 
16 ASSURBAXIPAL. 
 
 m --T -^ < T? <T- <T- I ^IT IeJ r?^ ET ^^4. t£ ^ 
 
 abu ba -nu-ii a abikta su is -ku-nuva i -bi- lu 
 
 father my begetter, his overthroio had accomplished ; and had 
 
 "<^ -^IT <T>-IEII JT m^ T -- ^'^^ m^ 55. Kyr ^] -^i 
 
 mat su va su - u Tar - qu - u da - na - an 
 
 taken possession of his country ; and he Tirhahah^ the power of 
 
 HA H<\v <vm -Ti— EM— -in— tET? 
 
 Assur Istar va Hi rabati beli ya 
 
 Assur Ishtar and the great Gods my lords 
 
 5G, A-]] <V ET ^y jSTIT D Tf -^! -T? -t^ e^TT eT t^ I 
 
 im - si va it - ta - gil a - na e - muq ra -ma- ni su 
 despised, and trusted to his own might. 
 
 67. ty? .^rr sE^wT— e:s <Igf (^T?) ^ T? :s -glT <IeJ ^TTI 
 
 e - li sarri ke - (e) -pa-a-ni sa ki -rib 
 
 Of the kings and governors ivhom in the midst 
 
 V ^"^^ 
 
 >^ <:: 58. i^TTT- ^ <^ ^ tET -^ ^ < TM? ^} 
 
 Mu - zur u -pa- ki -du abu ba -nu-u a a- na 
 
 ■of Egypt, the father my begetter had appointed; 
 
 HT y? <^ D (- ??< --T) T? ^T 59. <T^]fcii ty? <^y 
 
 da - a - ki hab (v. ha - ba) - a - te va e - kim 
 
 io slay, plundet\ and to capture 
 
 (V. <^ >^) \< .^ <- ^^yy .£gyy .fc ^x^^f ^^y J ^]]] 
 
 (v. ki -mu) Mu - zur il - li - kan zir - us -su-un 
 ■^Oypiy ^^6 came against them ; 
 
 60. py? ^jn t:yyy sy syyy^ y^ <^ ^yy? ►^yy y^ ^-yy ^y 
 
 e - 
 
 ru - uv - va 
 
 u - 
 
 ■ sib ki 
 
 - rib 
 
 Mi - im 
 
 - pi 
 
 he 
 
 entered, 
 
 and 
 
 sat 
 
 in 
 
 Memj)his, 
 
 the 
 
 ci. -tyy V tsy -^y ^ tyyy^ y? ^y<y^ jy s:<y Ey y? ^y 
 
 alu sa abu ba - nu - u a ik - su - du va a - na 
 city which the father my begetter had taken, avd to the 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 17 
 
 <:::: ^^TIT< 62. - ^^]^ <^ tTiT!^ -^^y,}} tt)] (v. '^I^) 
 
 ^-S^ me- sir Assur u - tir - ra (v. ru) 
 
 boundaries of Assyria had added. I was 
 
 m -£T m ??< -T m - <m -m -hi <i£j 63. tt^]] 
 
 al - la - ku ha - an - du ina ki - rib Ninua il - 
 
 walking round in the midst of Nineveh^ and 
 
 IH J^ ET ^ITT- V -] ^T T? cET? I? -^T< 64. <^ctl 
 
 -lik - av - va u - sa ~ an - na - a ya - a - ti eli 
 
 one came and repeated \this~\ to me; over 
 
 IdJ ^ ^T? ►^T< H -^T T? '^I< 65. ^yiT ^ -e ?K<IT 
 
 ip - se- e - ti an - na - a - ti lib - bi i - gug 
 
 these things my heart 
 
 (y. iv^ tSU) £T tT }} ^joi 4^^ryr -tfcl -< -<T< 66. [^ 
 
 (v. gu - ug) va iz-za- ru - uh ka - bi - ti [ina 
 
 was bitter and much afflicted; [by 
 
 <m -]m -]A < -T <v/ -w ^E [-£eT] 67. te\ m ^ti . 
 
 ki - bit] Assur va Istar Assur- i - [tu] ad - ke - e 
 
 the command^ of Assur and the Goddess Assuritu I 
 
 ESS -]) ^ m ^ET? KTT E^TT Tf -<]< 68. -gTT -V < 
 
 e - mu - ki ya zi - ra - a - ti sa Assur va 
 
 gathered my powerful forces, ichich Assur and 
 
 H <\7 -ITT- ^T Igl< ^T -^r < T? 69. y? ^| :.* -v <- 
 
 Istar u - mal - lu -u qa - tu -u a a- na Mu -zur 
 
 Ishtar had j^^/acec? in my hands. To Egypt 
 
 < *." m ^W -TT 5^T yy *^ ECU AS EcTT -^ 70. ^ 
 
 va Ku - u - si us - te - se - ra mur - ra - nu ina \ycUi. 
 
 and Ethiopia I directed the 'march; in 
 
 Y ^y< .T<y^ E?;< .yT<y ^eyj « yr _y yy ^^p T— 7i . "gyy 
 
 mi- ti - iq gar - ri ya 22 sarri sa 
 
 the course of my expedition 22 kings of 
 
 D 
 
18 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 a - hi [tarn - ti va qabal tarn - ti] ka - li 
 
 the side of the [sea and the middle of the sea,] all 
 
 72. ^-y T— KIT [O^^ ^m 73. _ ^ ^^11 ^n<r m\ 
 
 ardi da -[gil pa- ni ya] ina mail - ri ya 
 
 tributaries dependent [on me^, to my presence 
 
 [^.^IT IfcJ < Cl\ ET -TIT- -^T ^ <T- -- <jETT sT?] 
 
 [il - lik - u - niv - va u - na - as - si - qu niri ya] 
 [came and hissed my fo<2t~\. 
 
 74. sE^ST— V T? -^T M WM^ 75. >- ^T ^t^ 
 
 sarri sa - a - tu - [nu] * * * * ina tarn- ti 
 
 Those kings * * * * * * 07i sea 
 
 < -1 --T [-£eTT £??< -TT<T ^T< I ^ -TTT- ^} -TTTT] 
 
 va na - ba - [li gar - ri - ti su - nu u - zab - bit] 
 
 and land [their roads I took,^ 
 
 ur - hu pa - da - nu * * * * * a - na 
 
 the stixiight path * * * * * * * for 
 
 T &IT ^JII '^T< ??< ^-" V s^hS T— t:^<m ^\)'^ 
 
 na - ra - ru - ti lia-mad sa sarri ki -pa- a- ni 
 
 the entire aid (i.e. restoration) of the kings and governors 
 
 78. ^TT <^ ^TI? ^-^ -^ <:: -^T T— (Sf^) STT D * ^fP 
 
 sa ki - rib Mu - zur ardi_ - (ni) da - gil pa - ni 
 ^vho in the midst of Egypt {were) tributaries depe?ident on 
 
 SET? 79. iki ^jn A ^TT <T-TT<T <T* -T? eT m IH 
 
 ya ur - ru - hi - is ar - de - e va al - lik 
 
 me; quickly I descended and ivent 
 
 ]} <y^ --n ^])} -^T i^ -^^ 80. T -- ^^ !^TTTi= tiSS 
 
 a- di Kar - ba - ni - ti Tar - qu - u sar 
 
 to Karhanit. Tirhakah king 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 19 
 
 ^-^ -^ <:: < <^ iei< m <^ f IT? -^n t- a-it ^h 8 1 . y? s^ii 
 
 Mil - zur va Ku - u- si ki - rib Mi - im - pi a - lak 
 
 of Egypt ami Ethiopia, in the midst of Memphis, of the 
 
 £??< ^TT<T m\ ^T! I- -T't eT T? -^! ^V, NH e<2« t 
 
 gar - ri yn is - me - e va a - na e - pis qabal 
 
 progress of my expedition heard; and to make uxtr, 
 
 82. tT m 1— -IH3 T? -^I -^11 -yT<T ^El? t^T -^tl T? 
 
 kakki tahaz a - na mah - ri ya id - ka - a 
 
 fighting and battle, to my p)resence he gathered the 
 
 E5S ^\ T— -!BH^ I 83. ^ lEj ^T< HA -T <\V < 
 
 zabi taliazi su ina tiigiil- ti Assur Istar va 
 
 men of his army. In the service of Assur, Ishtar, and 
 
 H T— ET- T— -II T— ^ET? 84. ^ .T.HEEI t^^f s&;r <I- 
 
 111 rabati beli ya in tahaz zir rap - si 
 
 the great Gods, my lords, on the wide battle field I 
 
 S M ^I <T- <T- ^} A]} I 85. T -^ -- < ^ im -IT? 
 
 as- ku- na abikta umman su Tar - qu -u ina ki - rib 
 
 accomplished the overthrow of his army. Tirhakah in the midst of 
 
 -^IT f A-II ^h ^TT ET ]} ^'^^ ^^T -n ^? AT? I 
 
 Mi - im - pi is -ma- a tali - te - e umman su 
 
 Memphis, heard of the d(feat of his army; 
 
 8G. ^]<Y^ ^Ty<y ^yy<y ^-y ^ < .^y <\v ^y ^y<y *^^ jy b] 
 
 nam - ri - ri Assur va Istar is - hu - pu su va 
 the terror of Assur and Ishtar overcame him, and 
 
 87. ^.^yy -£gyy ygy ^ai ►T<T Ifcl <^^ <^]1 T- eEhS 
 
 il - li - ku mah - hu - ur me - lam - mi sar - 
 he ivent back(('), my royal 
 
 < -y< tt]} 88. -y<y^ -gEy ^ jy sy v -yyf- 1? A-I ^e -^ 
 
 u- ti ya ik - tu -niu su va sa u -za- hi - i -nu 
 
 advance overwhelmed him, and they brought (f) yVLO-lf^ 
 
20 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 in - ni Hi su pan mas- ki 
 
 to me{?) his Gods before my camp. 
 
 89. .Ell y. ^.yy ^!- 
 
 Mi - im - pi 
 Memphis 
 
 AW -f -<^ ET T? -^I .IT --TI ^^ -n^ -t^ I 
 
 u -vas- six va a- na su - z\\ - ub napis- ti su 
 
 he abandoned, and to save his life 
 
 90. ^csf -^T ^Tm Tf -^T m m -^TT ^ AH -^TT 
 
 in - na - bit a- na ki - rib Ni - ha alu 
 
 he fled into Thebes. That city 
 
 ^1 1} ^1 t^H -< 91. *? AVi m? m- ^ -m m^ ^ V 
 
 su-a-tu az -bat umman ya u -se- rib u -se-sib 
 
 / took, my army I caused to enter and rest in 
 
 sE^i ^m^ 
 
 i - na lib - bi 
 the midst of it. 
 
 ■ 92. I ^ ^ i.|||t ^jsi^ ^dl T- A-]] ^V < -^IT 4S ]} Vi 
 
 Ni -ku- u 
 Necho 
 
 sar 
 
 king of 
 
 93. T « lElT :p -||<! 
 
 Sar - lu - da - ri 
 Sarludari 
 
 94. 1 ^^1^ V ..| .|<| ^jm 
 
 Pi - sa - an - hu - ru 
 Pisan-hor 
 
 95. T df= -s -ail 'an 
 
 Pa - aq - ru - ru 
 Faqruru 
 
 Mi - im - pi va Sa - ai 
 Memphis and Sais. 
 
 ^^ -til E£|T AM -sf- 
 
 sar Zi - hi - nu 
 
 ki7ig of Felusium{?). 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 <TT -^1 m ^|<T ^|T|t 
 
 Na - at - hu - u 
 Natho. 
 
 (Pi) ■ - sab - tu 
 Pi-supt. 
 
 96. r^-tviiiE|^|..|:f^^^|^|- sES5 -t||?KtElA-TT<Tr:: 
 
 Pu- uk -ku- na-an-ni- ha -pi sar Ha - at-hi- ri -bi 
 Pukkunanni-hapi king of Athribis. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 21 
 
 97. T ^] 4-TTT <m -If 5^:m -^TT A ^ s^^ <T- 
 
 Na 
 
 ah - ke 
 Nech-he 
 
 98. T -ss- m £tt< -^T< 
 
 Pu - du - bis - ti 
 Petuhastes 
 
 99. T tTTit -^t ^ ^ 
 
 U - na - mu - nu 
 Unamunu 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 Hi 
 
 - ni - in. - SI 
 Henins. 
 
 Za - ha - nu 
 Tanis. 
 
 -tlT ^I tET -T<T < 
 
 Na - at - hu - u 
 Natho. 
 
 100. T A^ vyy tey? ^=1? I ^:s -^^II *? -v^ m^ -<V 
 
 Har - si - ya - e -su sar Zab - nn - u - ti 
 
 Horsiesis 
 
 king of 
 
 101. y ^^ s^yyy^ y? y? ey Jss -^IT : 
 
 Bu - u - ai - va sar Bi 
 
 Buaiuva king of 
 
 102. y -^yy ^y ^Sm 
 
 - SI - m - qu 
 Shesho7ik 
 
 Su 
 
 103. y ::: ^y aHIT -^T< 
 
 Tap - na - ah - ti 
 Tnephachthus 
 
 sar 
 sar 
 
 Sebennytus. 
 
 - in - di - di 
 Mendes. 
 
 -::TT ^- <T- tm 
 
 Bu - si - ru 
 
 Busiris. 
 
 Bu - nu - bu 
 
 Bunuhu. 
 
 104. y'ifS-f:S?L^-^!HST^A—!'^I- sf^S --ITAHTTSf?: 
 
 Pu - uk -ku- na -an- ni - ha -pi sar Ah - ni 
 
 Pukkunanni-hapi king of Aklini. 
 
 105. ytU'-I^^KI:?^'!?! ^:w >:!T^y-?fsT^I<'M^jn>I??^T;H 
 
 Ip - ti - har- de -e-su sar Pi -za-at- ti- hu - ru - un-pi-ku 
 Ipikhardesu king of Fazatti-huru7ipiku. 
 
 106. y-^iA-in'<l<'H^jnH"^Ii:wJq5'iTl*l'Sl=tU<l5^'7^-<I< 
 
 Na - ah - ti -hu- ru- an- si -ni sar Pi - sab - di -nu- ti 
 Necht-hor-ansini king of Pi-sahdinut. 
 
22 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 107. I ^^ -.* :«: C^: tU JkS -MT * ^--111 ^ ►^T< 
 
 Bu - kur - ni - ni - ip sar Pa - ah - nu - ti 
 
 Buhtr-ninip king of Pachnut. 
 
 108. f -EiT H< T? sEss -^rr <T- t£T? r? < ^t 
 
 Zi - ha - a sar Si - ya - a - u - ut 
 
 Zihha king of Siyout. 
 
 109. T ^ty f^ 5^:^ ^y ^:^ ^cyy ^ -^ ^ 
 
 La - mi - in - tu sar Hi - mu - ni 
 
 Lamintu king of Chemmis. 
 
 110. y ^yy ^y. ^y y? m ti^S -eIT s^yiT !? Tf =tF 
 
 Is - pi -ma- a - du sar Ta - ai - ni 
 
 Ispimatliu king of Ahydos. 
 
 111. y ey ^.y ^y< y^ ^^y 4i s^y? se^S -^TT ^ A-T 
 
 Ma - an - ti -mi- an - he - e sar Ni - ha 
 
 Munti-mi-anche king of Thebes. 
 
 112. jg^m I— -T -^ -<V e^w -T<T^ £:w <IeJ 5^ Tf =f^ 
 
 sarri an-nu-ti sanuti ki -pa-a-ni 
 
 These kings, prefects, and governors, 
 
 113. "gyy m m ^<" -^ <;=: ^ttt- ^m^ ^t] 
 
 sa ki - rib Mu - zur u - pa - ki - d a abu 
 
 ivhoni in the midst of Egypt, the father my begetter had 
 
 ->ty V- < y? 1 14. V -B] ^ -y ^y< y- n T -- 1^^ ^m- 
 
 ba -nu-u a sa la - pa- an ti - bu-ut Tar - qu - u 
 
 appointed; who before the advance of Tirhakah 
 
 115. ^y- tyyy t^yyy n ^y?? ^yyy^ 4- *^ "m A-)] m < ^^^f 
 
 pi - kit- ta su- un 11 -vas-se- rii im - ki -u zer 
 their appointments had left, and fed to the desert, 
 
 116. tyyyt v^???? ey y? JId ^y- ^TIT -T< I ^1?? in. - 
 
 u - tir va a- sar pi - kit - ti su- un ina 
 
 / restored ; and the 'places of their ap2)ointments in 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 23 
 
 + 4iT-E I -T?? ^t^um -^it-^^v 118. *.^>^ <:: 
 
 mas- gar - i s\i- un ap - kid su - nu- ti Mu - zur 
 
 their divisions, I apijointed them. Egypt and 
 
 V IeI < -^TT V tET --T -^ < T? -VY M ^T no- T? ^T 
 
 Ku -u- si sa abu ba-nu-u a ik -su-du a- na 
 
 Ethiopia, ivhich the father my begetter Jmd captured, again 
 
 <« JT -<T< ^SIL - -II -m T— ^1? -sMTT V ^T T- * SfP 
 
 es-su- ti az -bat mazirti e - li sa im-mi pa- ni uyi^ 
 
 I took, the bonds more than in former days 
 
 120. ^m^ ^n? t-t] £T ^m- ^^ <i£j ^ t^]i ^ t? ^t< 
 
 u -dan- nin va u -rak- ki - sa rak - sa -a - ti l^kri 
 I strengthened, and joined [the Mngs^ in covenant. 
 
 121. ^y ^]< ^r<y ttfc ►^T< ET A-T <T!^ t^ -eT ^T< 
 
 it - ti hu - ub ti ma- h - di sal - la - ti 
 With abundant pliinder and much 
 
 --Id -TUT ^T< 122. t- T- ^TT T{ -£eT e^TT T? ^T 
 
 ka - bit - ti sal - mi - is a - ta - ra a - na 
 
 sjjoil in peace I returned to 
 
 tHT <IeT 123. ^%.^) ^ (v.<T-TT<T -^Id T? -j^) sEhS T— 
 
 Ninua arka - nu (v. ar - ka -a-nn) sarri 
 
 JSlineveh. Afterwards all those kings 
 
 -T -^ -T< ET -ET ctT <IET ==^T i24. - T? <T* ^tV, 
 
 an - nu - ti ma - la ap - ki - du ina a - di ya 
 
 ivliom I had appointed sinned against me ; 
 
 A-]\\ m -TIT- -ET -T ^-S^ mi ET ^ -TT— eT-T— 
 
 ih - du - u la iz - zu - ra ma-mit Ili rabati 
 
 they did not keep the oath of the great Gods. 
 
24 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Column II. 
 
 1. t^ ^ cT{ y^ *^^y<y ^^yr ^ ^y< ^.yy jy ty 
 
 Seme e - bu - us su - nu - ti im - su va 
 
 The good I did to them they despised^ 
 
 lib - ba su-nu- (ti) ik -bu-ud limutti da-bab- 
 
 and their hearts devised evil; seditious 
 
 H<) -V e::TT r? --r< ^T ^- ^- £T 4. <- ifcy ^gy 
 
 (ti) sur - ra - a - ti id - bu - bu va mi - lik la 
 
 words they spoke, and evil council 
 
 ^^ i^t (V. A-TT) -sen :^ £tn « I m 
 
 ku - sir mi (v. im) - li - ku ra - man su - un 
 
 they counselled among themselves; 
 
 5. t-yyy gy y->. ^^ s^yyy^ <ty^^EEy <M^T?f V'^<:: 
 
 um - ma Tar - qu - u ul - tu ki - rib Mu - zur 
 thus : " Tirhakah from the midst of EgyjJt 
 
 6- tE ^y tyyy ^yyy^ ey tt} -^y :«: Tf V -^T ^ 
 
 i - na - Mt - u va at - tu - ni a - sa - ba ni 
 is cut of, and to us our seats 
 
 <tz ^'^7. ty? ^£gyy y -^ -- ^w « ^-^ M ^ITT^ ^TT 
 
 mi - i - nu e - li Tar - qu - u sar ku - u - si 
 
 remaini^)." Unto Tirhakah king of Ethiopia 
 
 8. yj ^y V t^ y? <yj^ ^y? < ^i -£^TT T- 'J- ^TTI^ £T 
 
 a- na sa- kan a - de - e va sa - li - mi u -ma- 
 
 to make agreement and alliance they 
 
 A-} -!? ^jn Ehw tv ^ ty? I ^y?} lo. ^ryyy ey 
 
 he - e - ru rak - be - e su - un um -ma 
 
 directed their messengers, thus: 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. '2."i 
 
 su - kill] - mu - u ina bi - ri - , in - ni lis - sa - kin va. r-^ ■ 
 "May an alliance hij this treat ij he established, and o-uJi. 
 
 u.^^^ ^I (V. ^\) t^w £^TI I? ??< T— 
 
 ni - in - id (v. dag) - ga - ra a - ha - mis 
 
 we will lielp each other ; 
 
 12. -.< y? 4i -II ^T Tf ^ --T! v^-I<I £T i3. ]} ]} HI --! <I- 
 
 mat a-lie- en- na -a ni - zu - \\z va ai ib - ba - si 
 
 the country/ on the other side lue will strengthen, and may there not 
 
 - ^ -rT<T (J^) ^ V -s^ ^t]]1 £! ^ itt 14. Tf ^] 
 
 in bi_- ri (-in) - ni sa-nu- uv -va be - luv a- na 
 
 be in this treaty any other lord." Against 
 
 *} AI? ^-" -lA <IeJ ^Vi ^^-<m ^T< ^t]} 15- V I? -^! 
 
 umman Assur e -muq bi- lu - ti - ya sa a- na 
 
 the army of Assyria the force of my dominion, luhich to 
 
 ^m -n<T I V- Sf<T -ir^ --n ^^tt ^i ^ a-t < 
 
 kit - ri su - nu us - zi - zu is - te - ni " - hu - u 
 
 their aid had been raised, they devised 
 
 16. Tf *-^ <WH-<I< e:s.eI*T -TT*T— ^£1? I? £T n-I< 
 
 a -mat limut - ti su -ut- saki ya a -ma- a- ti 
 
 a wicked plot. My genercds of this plot 
 
 17. ..| ^y yr ^y< j:<yy .^ < e^ ^. - ^yj J ^yj} is: y? <y^ 
 
 an- na -a- ti is -mu-u rak -be- e su un a- di 
 
 heard ; their messengers and 
 
 T- &n T? -^T< I ^ -T --T -^T <:rT EI ^i? -^ ira 
 
 sip- ra -a- ti su-nu iz - ba - tu - niv va e -mu- ru 
 their dispatches they captured, and saw 
 
 19. tu -jn -V E^TI I? ^I< I m s£:Sf I— -T -^ -A< 
 
 ip - sit sur- ra -a- ti su - un sarri an -nu- ti 
 
 their seditious work. These .kings 
 
 E 
 
20 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 20. i^T ►. < <n ET - c:: -!T<T ^T< -T »f ^TI ^T -^T< 
 
 iz -bat-u - niv -va ina bi - ri - ti parzil(?) is - qa - ti 
 they took; and in bonds of iron and fetters of 
 
 H + 21. ^nr^ ^T T- -i<T m < <tETT et ^ --ta 
 
 parzil(?) u -tarn- mi -hu qati va niri ma-mit Assur 
 
 iro7i, hound their hands and feet. The oath of Assur 
 
 S:^ H T— 22. ^T<K JT ^-T<T -^TT -v^ -^^ eT "gyi 
 
 sar Hi ik -su- us - su -nu- ti va sa 
 
 king of the Gods took them who 
 
 A-m m m- 23. _^ T? <!:?= ^Vj MT— ) ET-T' _ 
 
 ih - du - u ina a - de - e (Ili) rabati 
 
 sinned against the ^ great {Gods) ; 
 
 KIT tt) ^V ^T m I ^I?? -ITT- --T A-T ^E eT 24. "gyT 
 
 da - ab - ti qa -tus su- un u - ba - hi - i va sa 
 
 ivho had sought the good of their hands, and who 
 
 tTf V- I -^TT i- -<V ^ -TH ^t^ 25. iym -THT— 
 
 e -pu-su su -nu- ti du - un - qu va nisi 
 
 had given them favours ; and the people 
 
 -::TT 45 Vi V, --TT - s£=w <T* <T*= -^TT U A-] ^ 
 
 Sa - ai Bi - in - di - di Za - ha - nu 
 
 o/' Sais, Mendes, Zoan^ 
 
 26. [<T-:E[I ^T ^T] -<T< --TT T— ET -ET ^T --T< 
 
 [va si - it] - ti alani ma- la it - ti 
 
 [rtJicZ] the rest of the cities, all with 
 
 I -7" ^m 27. mmm t? ^ <T-ifcr (^t<) -s < 
 
 su-nu * * * * * * a -mat limut - (ti) zahiri va 
 
 them * * * * * * evil design. Small and 
 
 ET- - -T M T— -TTT- -TTT- [<IeT ^T] 28. 
 
 rabati ina kakki u - sam - [ki - tu] 
 
 great ivith the sword they caused to he destroyed 
 
 
 m 
 
 ^ ^ TK 
 
 lu 
 
 * * * 
 
 * 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 27 
 
 la e - zi - bu ina lib - bi [pagari su]-im i - In - lu 
 
 did not leave in the midst. Their corpses they threw down 
 
 ina ga - si - si ****** - du 
 
 in the dust, * * * * * * they 
 
 cyyyt ►^ ^^TT ^^ sE& -^TT 3i. « y^ M "t^I ►^T< 
 
 u -hal- li - bu dur ali sarani [an-nu]- ti 
 
 destroyed the toivers of the cities. Tliese kings, icho 
 
 V {^-) <M]y i-t^) 5^n yy ^ ah <• 33. t? ^\ 
 
 sa limut - [ti] is - te - ni - liu - u a - na u^w- 
 
 had devised evil against 
 
 *? A!? "^^ MA <IeJ] -i^l^ 211 (y-M) -,£TT '^ 1? -^T 
 
 ummani Assur bal - du - (us) - su - nu a - na 
 
 the army of Assyria, alive to 
 
 Nail m 33. r? <irif: -ai HT<T] m] m^ ^^^\ < ^ 
 
 Ninua a- di mah - [ri] ya u - bil -u- ni 
 
 Nhieveh into my presence they hrouyht. 
 
 34. \\^]\^^ ^Tiyt mmmm -m ms^ -tt<t i -^ 
 
 a- na Ni-ku- u * * * * tu * * ri -su-nu 
 
 To Necho ******** of them, 
 
 35. ^rT<r ^T? >^ iV-W] <T- I £T ^TTT Hf< i^lSli 
 
 re - e - mu ar - si su va kit - ti * * * * 
 
 favour I granted him, and a covenant * * * * 
 
 36. \] i^: ty? <^^H V -SEII -TM -TTT- V ^-H?? £T ^T -<I< 
 
 a- de - e eli sa mah - ri u -sa- tir va it - ti 
 observances stro7iger than before I caused to be restored, and tvith 
 
 I ^ EV 37. M M -^T A^sE T- ^TIT^ ^TTf ti -^IT 
 
 SU as -pur lu-bul- tu bir -mi u -lab-bi- su 
 
 him I sent. Costly garments I ji>>/acec^ upon him, 
 
28 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 (ET) ^KI m <?? -HA 38. "pyy v ^:^ ^]< i ^ -TA-ffl 
 
 (va) al - 111 huraz si -mat saru - ti su as- kun 
 
 ornaments of gold, his royal image 1 made for 
 
 I A^ V— <H -TTA m^ [t^ <l£j ^] m -A< (^T'r) I 
 
 su semiri h\iraz u - [rak- ki - sa] sangu- te - (e) su 
 
 him, rings of gold I fastened on his feet, 
 
 39. .^lyy (..| j^) y. - V A--^ --TT I <{? -ITA 
 
 gir (parzil) sib - bi sa ah - zu su huraz 
 
 a scimitar {of steel,) its sheath of gold, 
 
 40. ^ !.yyyy >^ ttV, wmm& !? iH I 4i. ^y a V— 
 
 ni - bit sum ya * * * * * a -din su ruqubi 
 
 the glory of my name * * * * ^ I gave him. Chariots, 
 
 ^y^E V E^yy T-^ ^y^ i^^^^y ]»~ 42. yj [^y 
 
 susi pari a - [na 
 
 horses, and mides for his 
 
 ►EhS] ^r< I T? <K -.SIT 43. e;;s jy ^y ^yj^ j-~ 
 
 saru] - ti su a - kis - su su -ut - saki 
 
 kingdom I appointed; my generals 
 
 t£]] B'Jm -Vr^ T— 44. y? ^] [\< >^ c: ^y] ^y< i 
 
 ya sanuti a- na [Mu - zur it] - ti su 
 
 as governors, to [_Egypt'] ivith him I 
 
 gE EV 45. y? jH ^Ey ^ < y^ - -^yy 4s ifT? TI-^T 
 
 as- pur a - sar abu ban-u a iiia sa - ai a- na 
 
 sent. The p)lace ivhere the father my begetter, in Sais to 
 
 sl:Hi < ^T IfcJ m J^r I 46. y? ^y >f 45 ^e I 
 
 sar -u-te ip - kid - du su a- na mas -gar- i su 
 
 the kingdom had appointed him, to his district I 
 
 ^TTT- vM?H I 47. «y^:^) y ^^y ^ t ^]]'^^ \ 
 
 u - tir su (va) Nabu -se-zib-a- ni ablu su 
 
 restored him ; {and) Kehoshazban his son 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 29 
 
 - -^TT [??<] tt] }}< ►n<T --T 48. -tE (v. ^yy ^^y t<m 
 
 ina [Ha] - at - ha - ri - ba dabtu (v. da - ab - tu) 
 
 ill Athribes. Benefits and favours, 
 
 <y ^\ ^] <-tid V m -^ ^ ttv, 49. t:w V ytff?? 
 
 damqatu eli sa abi ba - ni ya u - sa - tir 
 
 heijond [those^ of the father my begetter, I caused to restore, 
 
 t] ty? *^^ ^^^y<y ^^yy so. r -. :^:^ < y? [^y ^.^ iej s^iyy^ tyyj 
 
 va e-pu- us - sa Tar- qu -u a [na Ku - u - si] 
 
 and gave to him. Tirhakah to [^Ethiojmt] 
 
 tisw tt} -m 51. £-yy ^ja^ ^]m -TA -II tt]} 
 
 in -nab- tu su - ru -bat kakki Assur bil ya '-<-<- 1 
 
 fied; the might of the soldiers of Assur my 
 
 ►I -II^Tl Jl ET 52. ^^yy ifcj ►y<y^ >^ <y^ jy 
 
 is - hup su va il - lik simti mu - si su 
 
 lord overwhelmed him, and he ivent to his 2:>kice of night (Le. died). 
 
 53. c^E^? 'i- }M ^W t\ ^ ^y^f i^E t-t] ^y 
 
 arka - nu Ur - da - ma - ne - e abki bilati su 
 Afterwards Rudammon, son of his consort, 
 
 54. j.yyyj. y >- ^y ^^ }} ^^ ^y< jy 55. ^-yy j^ ^--y 
 
 u -sib ina kuzzu saru - ti su Ni - ha 
 
 sat on his 7vyal throne. Thebes 
 
 ^-yy tyy? ^ ^y< i ^yy ^y A-Hfyy 56. tyyy^ jy^ 4 &yy 
 
 alu clan-nu- ti su is - kun u -pah -hi- ra 
 
 his fortified city he made, and he gathered 
 
 T^yyy v^^yy 57. y? ^y ^ ^y<y tm ^)A]] m\ [^SI— ] 
 
 el -lat su a-na mit- hu - zi ummani ya [abh] 
 
 his forces to fight my army, [the sons~\ 
 
 
 V <IeJ 58. -gyy m m -^T! V A-]] ^V ^! -^Id yf 
 
 Assur ^ sa ki - rib Mi - un - pi it - ka - a 
 
 of Assyria; who within Memphis gathered in the 
 
30 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 j-t ^i^T^ [D 59. mimmM et ^t? ^t jw et ^r -^t j^itt 
 
 qa - bal [su] * * * * va e - si - ir va iz - ba - ta 
 
 midst of [it], * * * * and besieged and took 
 
 *^^ T'^ri TT i L'^ITtJ ^^' <i^i^i^if^i^^^^S^i^^ L>->— llJ 
 
 mu - uz - za su - [un] ******* [il] - 
 
 the tvhole of them. ******* * 
 
 lik - av - va ig - ba - a ya - a - ti 
 came ajid told me. 
 
 Vaeiant Passage, Cylinder B, Variant for Column T, 
 Lines 65 to 77, Cylinder A. 
 
 lib-bi i - gug va iz-za- ru - uh ka -bat- ti 
 
 My heart ivas bitter, and much afflicted. 
 
 f>- ^£1 <^ i=y? £;« i=T? -^ <IeJ t£T? -^11 T— <^- "gTT 
 
 ad - ke - e e - mu - ki ya zirati sa 
 
 / gathered my powerful forces, ichich 
 
 -T A < -T <^rV m^ m m -»-t -^t < t? d. y? ^] 
 
 Assur va Istar u - mal - lu qa - tu - u - a a - na 
 
 Assur and Ishtar had placed in my hands. For 
 
 T e::IT ^jn ►^T< ff < -■^ &c. 
 
 na - ra - ru - ti ha -mad, &c. 
 the restoration of, &g. 
 
 Additional Passage, Cylinder C, for Column I, 
 Lines 70, 71, Cylinder A. 
 
 a. . y. ^Tj .y<y^ eH< -TT<T t£T? 
 
 Ina mi - ti - iq gar - ri ya 
 In the course of my expedition 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 31 
 
 b. y ►^i 4-^T ci<j 5^:^^ ^< <:^ .yT<y 
 
 Ba - ha - al sar Zur - ri 
 
 Balial king of Tyre, 
 
 c ^Fi<-^?CW--<--^^<--'^'--^'^^'--^^^^^^ i^>**- <■< t-izV >-YYY»- /Y>*- 
 
 ^' ^h?.?if^7.?-?:'><ifr^^if^^^ 5^»-W ''^ »-^ir ^IlF \l»l= 
 
 ****** sar Ya - \i - di 
 
 ****** king of tTudah, 
 
 ****** sar U - du - mi 
 
 ****** king of Edomy 
 
 ****** sar Ma - ha - ab 
 
 ****** king of Moahf 
 
 /• s4'><r>;i<4>>4ii-<fr^>4'>N4'>N4^^ fctiHFW -^^ TT' *^|i^ '^n 
 
 ****** sar Ha - zi - ti 
 
 ****** king of Gaza, 
 
 ****** sar Iz - qa - ki - na 
 
 ****** king of Askelon^ 
 
 h. mmmmmmmt^ >:E;^ v^ ^r^ B^ ^m .^t 
 
 ****** sar Av - gar - ru - na 
 
 ****** king of Ekron, 
 
 ****** sar Gu - ub - li 
 
 ****** king of Gehal, 
 
 ****** sar A - ru - a - di 
 
 ****** king of Arvad, 
 
 Six lines {k, I, m, n, o, p) lost. 
 
 q. y i=£ ^t£y tyyyt h s^TT <T-TT<T Jss -^ ^ tt] * 
 
 I - tu - u - an - da - ar sar Pa- ap -pa 
 
 Ithu-ander king of Pcq^hos, 
 
32 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 '■• r -If -TT<r ^Tf -^11 
 
 E - re - e - su 
 ^resu 
 
 Da - ma - su 
 Damastes 
 
 Rum - mi - su 
 Rummisu 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 ^^ 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 ^ — ^TTT 
 
 sar 
 hirig of 
 
 << . 
 -< >- 
 
 IT ^^rr m < 
 
 Si - il - lu - u 
 
 Soli, 
 
 Ku- ri - i 
 
 Curiuin, 
 
 
 Ta - mi - zi 
 
 Tamissus, 
 
 Da -mu- u - si sar Am- ti -ha- da - az - ti 
 
 Damusi king of Ammochosta, 
 
 U - na - sa - gu - su sar 
 
 Unasagus king of 
 
 Pu - zu - zu 
 
 Puzuzu 
 
 ^>w "^"^^ 
 
 sar 
 king of 
 
 Li - di - ni 
 
 Lidini, 
 
 Up- ri -dis-sa 
 Aphrodisia, 
 
 ^- CD « T? --T IT ^:m T— ^Tf &c. 
 
 P^^-^^^r 22 Sarri sa &c. 
 
 making 22 ^m^s o/ (^c. 
 
 Cylinders B and C omit the last fourteen Egyptian kmcr. 
 Column 1, lines 98 to 111, Cylinder A. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column IT, Lines 1 to 12, Variant Passage for 
 Column II, Lines 25 to 50, Cylinder A. 
 
 1. -^TT 4S r? If -^rr ^ ^^ <]^ {]^ ^-yy ff 4^..y ^ 
 
 Sa - ai Bi - in - di - di 
 
 S<^^is, Meiides, 
 
 -Za - ha -nu 
 and Zoan, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. P,.'] 
 
 2. [V] IH -i^T^ <!E! ^T 3. §^^i^i^i^i <^]]m-^- 
 
 [sa] ip - })al - ki -tu * * * * * va is -ku-nu 
 
 which revolted * * * * r;;- and set 
 
 ^h -E I ^T?? 4. [^y ^y< I] ^ .g jy ^y r,. [^f 
 
 pi- i su- im [it - ti su]-nii ak - su - ud [zahiri 
 
 their faces [with^^ them, I took; [suaill 
 
 va rabati ii] -sam-kitina kakki [pagari sii-nu 
 
 and great I caused^ to he destroyed with thesirord, [their corpses 
 
 - ti ^TTT^] <T- <i- T} Mi^ '■ mmmmmm i^B] 
 
 ina ga] - si - si a - lul * * * * * * [dur] 
 
 in] the dust I threw down * * * * * ^- [the towersl^ 
 
 ^^yy tyyyt -^ ^yy? s. [^:;s T— - -T ^ -<T< V] - 
 
 ali u -hal- lib [sarri an - nii - ti sa] ina 
 
 of the cities I destroyed. [Those kings ivhomi] in 
 
 X^-"^ CZ 9. [^ ^ V- T? -"f] !£hS < -<]< 10. [V 
 
 Mu - zur [as -ku-nu a - na] sar - u - ti [sa 
 
 Egypt [I had appointed to'] the kingdoms, [wJio 
 
 <y-m -t^;Sr ^rr >i ^ a-t < t? -^ij ^^ t— x* -v m 
 
 limut - ti is - te - ni - lui - u a- na] abli Assur 
 
 devised evil against] the sons of Assyria, 
 
 1 1 . [t vE ^ ty £^ ^ET] y;f ^y *.^ ^-v <IeJ i2.]^t:^( 
 
 [az -bat va ub - ki] a - na Assur Tar- qu -u 
 
 [/ took and, brought] to Assyria. Tirhakcdi 
 
 V, [^y V ley < tyy] ^^ tz] .^y 
 
 a- [na Ku -u- si] in -nab-tu. 
 to [Ethiopia^ fed. 
 
34 ASSURBAx\IPAL. 
 
 Fragment of Column I, Cylinder E. 
 
 ***** ru -u- qn ***** a- lak ku 
 
 ***** remote * * * * ^2 had gone. 
 
 [Assur] ah - iddina sar Assur abu ba -nu-u a 
 
 Esai'haddon king of Assyria, the father my begetter, 
 
 [ir] - du va il - li - ku ki - rib sa abikta 
 
 had descended and gone into the midst of it ; the over- 
 
 ^ -^ -^ < ^^ --^m -W -TT t<]] lEj ^ El 
 
 Tar - qu - u sar Ku - u - si is - ku - nu va 
 
 throw of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia he had accomjAished, and 
 
 G. ^yyyt ^y 'TT<! m t^^ITT ^^" -.£TT ^- [^^-^l -^ <::: 
 
 u - par - ri - ru el - lat su Mu - zur 
 
 scattered his forces. Egypt and 
 
 X- ^ !=int -^]\ -T<T^ .eT ^T eT 8. \r -m <tt ^f^ 
 
 Ku - u - su ik - su - du va [iiia ki] me - ni 
 
 Ethiopia he had taken, and its innumerahle 
 
 ^IT m -El tv -ET -su -M] 'J- V<^ Ml] T? -£ET - 
 
 is - lu - ]a sal -la - as su [matu su] - a - tu ina 
 
 s})oils lie had carried off; that country, the 
 
 (v. Vi ^!) -IT s£tJ -^T< V ^E -^ t>^Tn ET 10. [T? ^y] 
 
 (v. a - na) si - liir - ti sa i - bi - luv - va [a - na] 
 
 whole of it, he took possession of, and to 
 
 <c^ ^^-yyT< ^-^ -V <IEI ^IIT^ vt??u 1-1. -^^ y^-- 
 
 2^/1. me - sir Assur u - tir sumi 
 
 the borders of Assyria he added. The former 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 3;") 
 
 alani mail - ru - u - ti ii - nak - kir va 
 
 names of the cities he ahoUshed, and 
 
 12. [If ^1] <« M ^w -^1 ^fi m-^)^^-^ -^rr ^i?? 
 
 [a - na] es-su- u - te is -ku- iia iii -l)i-is su - un 
 anew he (ippo'uited tlieir names ; 
 
 13. (ESS)-^iy— I It ^I ^:m'^V E^S -M*-!^ -Ill- -^I< 
 
 ardi su a - na sarii - ti san - u - ti 
 
 his servants to the kingdoms and gocernments 
 
 (V. V ^ flll^ --I<) 1-t. [<-^Id I] -^ -III- ^^I 
 
 (v. sa - nu - u - ti) [eli su] - nu - u - te 
 
 [oi'e?'] them 
 
 tlll^ J^ <IeJ «TI - ^III ^ 15- -m-irr « SII -EI -^i 
 
 u -pa- ki - da in a lib - bi bilat man- da -at - tu 
 
 he appointed in the midst ; taxes and tribute 
 
 ^ MI -<i< I i«- [^-^ ^i< -III- -ITT- EI] tin- m\ 
 
 bi - lu - ti su [san - ti u - sam - ma] u - kin 
 
 to J lis dominion, a yearly sum he fixed 
 
 ^Eii ^ s^i I tiK 1 7. mmmm ^ -eett ^^t^% 
 
 zi - ru - us - su- un * * * * , as - li qaq- qu - ru 
 
 upon them; * * ^^ * * * ground 
 
 ***** Me - em - ]3i 
 
 * * * * * Memphis. 
 
 Extract from K, 3083, which connects line 15 of this 
 Fragment with K, 2675, and K, 228. 
 
 a. ,^t]}} « B]] -El -^i -^ m ►^T< immmm 
 
 bilat man - da - at - tu bi - lu - ti * * * * 
 
 Taxes and triuate to \_his^ dominions * * * * 
 
36 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 55 zalam saru - ti su- nu * * * * * * 
 
 55 of their royal statues * * * * * * 
 
 li - i -tu ki - sit - ti qati bu va ***** 
 the ghnj acquired hy his hands and * * * * * 
 
 '^ - ET ?}< f? ]} ^ ^niT ^ T— V <iEj sin ^mmmm 
 
 ina ma-ha-za-a- iii e - ziri sa ki -rib * * * * 
 m the cities and temples, ivhich are in the midst * * * * 
 
 e. <tT^ ^gEi -Er --T ^ < T? A-TI [^ '^lITs] g^i^i^li 
 
 ul - tu abu ba -nu- u a im [nu- u] * * * * 
 
 from the father my begetter revolted * * * * 
 
 -T ¥ >— <> — < ^yiJY^ ^ >-V V*^YY V V VY r >-Vn ^:r/^^;C/^vC/^^:^/^--i.C/^^^'>^ 
 
 f y ->^ ^r::::: j^IiTj^ -^1 ^ --I I— If [-^IJ ?if$^?i^:^^^?i^$^ 
 
 Tar - qu - u ba - lu Hi a [na] * * * -^ir 
 
 Tirhakah against tlie Gods to * * * * 
 
 K, 2675, AND K, 228. Obverse Lines 2 to GO. 
 
 2. T -. ^^^ m^ --T m -\ T— T? "-y cy} <^y 
 
 Tar - qu - u ba - lu Hi a - na e - kini 
 
 Tirhakah against the Gods, to capture 
 
 ^ -^ <:: s<y *t w ]] ]} -^y j?yy [y? <i£y] 3. mmm 
 
 Mu -zur us -tam-za- a a- na da -[a- ki] * * * 
 
 Egypt made a gathering to fig^^t- The evil 
 
 EI nil 5^y ^y -gyy cey --^y -^ < y? -y? *^- 1. ^1 <^\^ 
 
 ma - ru - us - tu sa abu ba -nu-u a e - pu -su- us ul 
 * * * ivhich the father iny begetter had done him, he 
 
 HJ-H^tyyy - ^m ^ I 4. t^yy^y H ..y^ ^11 
 
 ip - pal - kit ina lib - bi su da - na - an Assur bel 
 
 forgot not in his heart; the power of Assur my lord he 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. :37 
 
 ya e - mi - is va it - ta - gil ci - na e - muq 
 despised, and trusted to his own. 
 
 E^IT ET ^ I ^'- ^.^TT -^IT ^tE EI <^ tin ^-yy y^ A4f ^I- 
 
 ra -ma- iii su il - li - kan va ki - rib Mi - im - pi 
 
 might. He came and into Memphis 
 
 -]] m ^m t] -t\] jy y? ^gEy tyyy^ vt??H e^TT Ey -^ jy 
 
 e - ru - uv -va alii su - a - tu u - tir ra -ma-nu su 
 
 lie entered, and that city lie restoi'ed to himself. 
 
 (5. cy? .ggyy ^ y?j y~^ x^ .^v <IeI "gIT <m ^Ilf '--^ >^ <:: 
 
 e - li nisi Assur sa ki - rib Mu - zur 
 
 Against the men of Assyria, who within Egypt 
 
 ardani da - gil pa-ni ya sa Assur -ah- iddina 
 
 'Were tributaries dependent on me, ivhom Esarhaddon 
 
 ^':^ ^---V <l£l tt] -^W m^ I? Tf -^Is£HS^m--T< 
 
 sar Assur abu ba -nu- u a a- ua sar - u - ti 
 
 king of Assyria, the father my begetter, to the kingdoms had 
 
 tlMlEl ^ - ^TTI ^ 8. y? ^y ^yy y? m ??< -^y y? *^y 
 
 ip - ki - du ina lib - bi a- na da -a- ki ha-ba-a-te 
 
 appointed in the midst [of it~\, to slay, p)lunder, and 
 
 V -Ey ]} -£^yy -yyy- sy a-) ^l? Exyy t-yyy « i 
 
 sa - la - a - li u - ma - he - e - ra um - man su 
 
 spoil he sent forth his army. 
 
 y. m -Ey m ??< -! m - m -in ^^ m ^.^ii -smii -^e 
 
 al - la -ku ha-an-du ina ki -rib Ninua il - li -kan 
 
 / uxis icalking round in the midst of Nineveh and one came 
 
 EI slll^ V -I -^I I? tEl? If ^y-(v. <y-) ^10. ty? ^^yy 
 
 va u - sa - an - na - a ya - a - pi (v. si) e - li 
 
 and repeated \this\ to me, over 
 
38 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 n^ ^^ tyj ^T< ..y ^T yj ^y< ^yyy - 
 
 ip -se- e - ti an - na - a - ti lib - bi 
 these things my heart was 
 
 tV^ ^^L t] ^] \] 
 
 1 -gu 
 hitter 
 
 ug va iz-za 
 and much 
 
 - ri - ill ka - bat- ti 
 
 afflicted. 
 
 a - di 
 2)refects and the troops 
 
 sanuti 
 
 -HI T' 
 
 zirati 
 
 forces, 
 
 sarri 
 kings 
 
 al - si -ma tur -tan 
 / collected the tartan 
 
 - Mhli- A) -^ <m ST? 
 
 qati su-nu e -mu- Id ya 
 their hands, my powerful 
 
 12. yj ^y ^y £.yy ^jjj ^y< yt^ ^,< >gyy 
 
 a - na na - ra - ru - ti ha -mad sa 
 for the restoration of the 
 
 rT- 
 
 zabi 
 
 in 
 
 sanuti 
 and prefects 
 
 -^Ty>— :^HyD*Jf?f£T? 
 
 ardana da -gil pa-ni ya 
 
 trihutciries dependent on me; 
 
 13. n^ ^jn ^T =^t! A} -^ S -TA-ITT I ^ -T< 
 
 ur - ru - ut de - e - mu as - kun su - nu - ti 
 
 an urgent command I gave them, the 
 
 AS tt]] --y v^ <:: ^yyy^ w^m -^] <Hy I -v 
 
 mur - ra - an 
 road to 
 
 Mu - zur 
 / 
 
 u -sa-as- ki 
 caused their 
 
 14. ^yyys "^yy^ m ^^y y :„ jn^y ^yyyi 
 
 ha - an -dis u* - du 
 
 TT 
 na sepi su- un 
 feet to take ; 
 
 ^^iT -£giT m 
 
 u - ris na - an - ciis u* - au - u il - li - ku 
 
 earnestly and joyfully they marched doivn and ivent 
 
 \} <y^ ^-yy ^yy? -^y c^^ ^y< is. y -^ -- tyyy^ « 
 
 a - di Kar - ba - ni - ti Tar - qu - u sar 
 
 to Karhanit. Tirhahdi Jang of 
 
 \< l£j < tyy ^yy y? ^ja ^? at? ^T? <l£j -TT? --TT T- A-TT ^T- 
 
 Ku -u- si sa a-lak umman ya ki - rib Mi - im - pi 
 Ethiopia who, of the progress of my army in the midst of Memphis 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 39 
 
 is - me- e (v. va) a- na e - pis qabal kakku tahaz 
 
 heard and to mahe tear fighting^ and battle he 
 
 ^? AV, I ^T --Id T? f T <T5;^ m <tc A-^IT -jn ^? AVi t£]} 
 
 umman su id - ka - a is - di - ra me - eh - rit ummaR ya 
 gathered his army and set them in anuy in front of my army. 
 
 17. - -^y-<^ -^T< HA H«< ---]]— tyy--- -II T* 
 
 ina tu - gill - ti Assur Sin Hi rabati beli 
 
 In the service of Assur, Sin and the great Gods my lords, 
 
 tEl? T? IfcJ t£ <|-f= t£]} 18. ^ ^I2EET -*^'^? <T- <I- I 
 
 ya a - lik i - di ya iiia tahaz zeri abikta su 
 
 loho march before me; in the battlefield his overthrow they 
 
 J^IT m-^ *} T— Ifc -£T --T< I ^TTT^ &TT ^Sl -TT ^^- - 
 
 is - ku - nu zabi tug- la - ti su u - ra - as - si - bu ina 
 accomplished, his fghting men they destroyed with the ju^^c^^ 
 
 
 ^] m 19- V Tf JT Ji^ -£et V- -nT< -E^r a-it -- -.sii 
 
 kakki sa - a - su hat- tu jja - lull - tu im -kut su /^^ 
 
 sword. Himself terrible fear struck him, 
 
 ET ^^IT -£g!T m -^11 -T<T IH 20. <^u -m 
 
 va il - li - ku mah - hu - ur ul - tu 
 
 and he ivent back. From 
 
 Mi - im - pi alu - saru - ti su a - sar tu - gul - ti su 
 Memphis his capital city and his fortified place, 
 
 v-T<T m t] 21. T} ^y jy -^yy ^^ ^y e}?< ^y< j 
 
 uz - zi va a - na su - zu - b na - pis - ti su 
 
 he ivent out, and to save his life in a 
 
 <m -n? ty Tyyy ^ .yn sy 22. <TEy ^yy^? ►^yy 
 
 ki - rib elap ir - kip va karas su 
 
 shij} he ' sailed; his camp he 
 
40 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 u -vas- sar va e -dis ip -par- sid va ki -rib Ni - ha 
 ahandoned and Jled alone, and into Thebes 
 
 ^V, iffi ttt 23. ti tyyy y^. 4-y Etyy ^ Ey -M s^y ^y< i 
 
 e - rii - lib elappi qa - ra - bi ma- la it - ti su 
 
 he entered. All the ships of war with Jiim, 
 
 ^U— -I^EET m^ ^} t^^l - JTtt 24. B-^ T? m 
 
 zabi tahaz ii -zab- bi -tii ina qati a - mir 
 
 the fighting men took in hand. A messenger 
 
 -t- v^y<y ^^yy -yy^jK i]^ ty? t^yy y? *y etyy -t<t^^ -^t y? 
 
 bu - ns - su - rat ha - de - e - da - a iit - ra ig - ba - a 
 of good tidings hastily{?) returned, and 
 
 sy? y? <y- 25. b::;^ ^y^ tyy-^ e:?s -y<y^^ y-- s£hS y— 
 
 ya - a - si rab - sak saniiti sarri 
 
 told me. The rahshakeh, i')refects, and kings, 
 
 A} A^jE y? © - ^y y— j^ii D ^^ ^ey? ^ i -y?? 
 
 e - bir nar ardi da - gil pa - ni ya kah su- un 
 
 across the river, trilmtaries dependent on me all of them 
 
 20. y? i]^ A^-^m I -^ ^y -yyyy— i ^ 27. >£:;?; y~^ 
 
 a- di e -mu- ki su-eu elappi sii-nu sarri 
 
 with their forces and their ships; the kings 
 
 \^ -^^ <:: -.^y y— £?yy d * :«= -syj y? <w ^J} -^ 
 
 Mil - zur ardi da -gil pa- ni ya a- di e -mu-qi 
 
 of Egijpt, tributaries dependent on^ me, ivith their forces 
 
 I -^ ^y -yyy y— i ^ 28. y? ^y <y^ifcy m ^s^ 
 
 su-nu elappi sii-nu a- na hul - lii - uq 
 
 and their ships; to drive 
 
 y .^ -- ^w <-]^-m m ^]\} '■<-^ cz < ^-^igy < -yy 
 
 Tar- qu - u ul - tu ki -rib Mu -zur va Ku -u- si 
 
 TirJiakdh nut of J^'jyp^' '^^'d EfJiiopia, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 41 
 
 29. <-^H -Tr -^ <m ^ET? -tElI £^II !? ^T< -TII^ -IT- <W 
 
 eli e -mu- ki ya zir - ra - a - ti ii - rad. - di 
 
 to my j90we?yitZ forces I added 
 
 ET * £V 30. T? ^] -^n :s: A-T -^Tl -TI? ^ -^r< 
 
 va as - pur a - na Ni - ha alu dan - nu - ti 
 
 and sent. To Thebes the fortified city 
 
 T -r ^^ tTiTc « X- lEj < "pTT :r<^TT -£eIT IeJ t] -m 
 
 Tar- qu - u sar Ku-u-si il - li - ku ma- lak 
 
 of Tirhakah king of Ethiopia they iveut, a journey of 
 
 -^f < ^] ]^ 31. T -. t^t^ m^ -gn T? m ^} AT? ^ETf 
 
 arah. 10 immi Tar- qu - u sa a - lak umman ya 
 
 one month and ten days. Tirhakah ^tclio of the progress of my army 
 
 J^IT T- -Tf -eTT ^ A-} -^TT m ^ --T< I m^ + sIH 
 
 is -me- e Ni- ha alu dan-nu- ti su u -vas- sar 
 
 heard; Thebes his fortified city abandoned 
 
 £1 32. T? xit]\ ini A-] ^W -]] A-sE [ - \^] 
 
 va , Ya - ru - hu - u e - bir [ina mat] 
 
 and the Nile he crossed over; on the 
 
 Tf A -II -^T T? J^TT lEf --^I t] Cm? ^T 33. ] ^ ^t<k E -TIT^ 
 
 a-he-en-na -a is -ku- na ma-dak -tu Ni- ik -ku- u 
 
 opposite side he made a fortress. Necho, 
 
 T ei^m ISJ :f -TT<T T * -0 -an mi s£5S r— "gn 
 
 Sar - lu - da - li Pa - aq - ru - ru sarri sa 
 
 Sarlndari, and Paqruru, kings ivhoni 
 
 m -m '^'^ -^ C: t^IT IeJ "^ tt] -^] -^ < T? 34. y{ <T^ ty? 
 
 ki -rib Mu-zur is -ku-nu abu ba -nu-u a a- de - e 
 
 in ^Uypi the father my begetter had made ; tlie observances 
 
 -TA < -TT— ET-r— -in— cET? ^T? -<r< ^::^ HTI^) 
 
 Assur va Hi rabati beli ya e - ti - qu - (u) 
 
 of Assur and ■ the great Gods my lords, forsook, 
 
 G 
 
42 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ET m 'an t-^ eT -^ «IT 35. ^tyyy^ ^r< -ty ►^y i^ 
 
 va ip - ru - zu ma-mit sun clab - ti abi ba - ni 
 
 and broke their pledges; the benefits of the father my 
 
 t.t]] A-IT JT £l ^TIT --T I ^ -<V -W y- ^I t- <HfcJ ^lE 
 
 ya im -su va lib - ba su-nu- ti ik -bu-ud limut - tu 
 begetter they despised, and their hearts devised, evil ; 
 
 36. t^yy j^ ^y< ^^ g^yy yr ^y< ^y ^^ .^. gy ^^^ ^ 
 
 da -bab - ti sur- ra - a - ti id - bu - bu va mi - lik 
 seditious words they spoke, and evil 
 
 -ET m =^-< A4f -eeTT m E^TT « I ^Tf? 37. ^-yyy ey 
 
 la ku - sir im - li - ku ra -man su- un um - ma 
 
 council they counselled among themselves; thus: 
 
 y -. ^- cyyyc <ty^ ^^y <^ ^yy? \- -^ <:: ^e -^y ^yyf ^ yyy^ 
 
 Tar - qu - u ul - tu ki - rib Mu-zur i - na - kit - u 
 " Tirhakah from the midst of Egypt is cut off, 
 
 t] ti] -m :?= T? V --y JfF <- -E "s^ 38. ty? -ggyy 
 
 va at - tu - ni a - sa - ba ni mi - i -nu e - li 
 
 and to us our seats are numbered!' Unto 
 
 y -^ tx^ ^yyyt « *.- igy < -^yy yj ^-\ v ^^ yj <yiy: ^y} 
 
 Tar - qu - u sar Ku - u - si a - na sa - kan a - de - e 
 Tirhakah kiyig of Ethiopia to make agreement 
 
 < .s -^yy y- ^ yyy- sy a-] ^y? ^jii ess i> ^ ^y? i m 
 
 va sa - li -mi u -ma- he - e - ru rak-be- e su-un 
 
 and cdliance, they directed their ^messengers 
 
 39. t:yyy ey ^^yy <v. ^ .yyy^ . - .yy<y ^:^ ^^ 
 
 um - ma su - lum - mu - u ina bi - ri - in - ni 
 thus: ''May an cdliance by this treaty be 
 
 ^ V lEii (V. Am Ey i^ t£=m m\ m^ E^yy y? ]]< y-^ 
 
 lis- sa- kin (v. kin) va ni - in -dag- ga - ra a -ha -mis 
 established, and ire will help each other; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 43 
 
 40. *.^ T? A -11 -^! T? i^ --TT *^-T<I ET TI T? IfcJ --! <I- 
 
 mat a- he- en - iia - a ni - zu - uz va ai ib - ba - si 
 the country/ on the other side we ivill strengthen, and let there not he 
 
 - ti -TT<T !£=m =?? V "7^ -^TTT ET -< ^^ 4i. y, ^] 
 
 ina bi - ri - in - ni sa - na - uv - va be - luv a - na 
 
 in this treaty any other lord." Against 
 
 ^\ A\} '■< -V s^^-i^ V r? -^T< ^ETf ^IT ^^T ^ A-^ m- 
 
 umman Assur gab- sa - a - ti ya is - te - ni - hu - u 
 
 the army of Assyria, my strength, they devised a 
 
 Tf ^.^ <MH -t^"3v 42. T? -n JT -^]] t^ (V. ^T -) 
 
 a -mat limut - ti a - na su - zu - ub (v. na - bi) ^-•^-'^ 
 
 wicked plot. To save 
 
 na - pis - ti su- un ik - ri -mu hul - bi - qu a- di 
 their lives being captured; they separated, until 
 
 ^ET -^! ^ t.]] 43. e:sj jt ^T tyy:^ y^ tt]} ]] t] ]} -<T< 
 
 la ba -se- e su-ut- saki ya a -ma- a- ti 
 
 there were none [together^. My generals of this plot 
 
 an - na -a- ti is - mu-u va ik - ki - lu nik -lat smi 
 heard, and concealed their plans; It'tt^j-*''-^^ 
 
 44. e:;s t^- ^ ^T? I -]}\ T? <T^ T; EcTT T? -^T^ I i- 
 
 rak - be - e su - un a - di sip - ra - a - ti su - nu 
 their messengers and their instructions 
 
 ty -^y .ggy <;rT El ^ I? >^ ^JOI tU ^jn -V e^TT Vj -<]< 
 
 iz - ba - tu - niv - va e - mu - ru ip - sit sui' - ra - a - ti 
 they captured, and saw their seditious 
 
 I tyi? 45. y ^5s Ieij =?: -n<i T ^ -i<T^ m m^ 
 
 su- .un Sar - ki - da. - ri Ni - ik - ku - u 
 
 ivoQ^k. Sarladari and Nccho 
 
44 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 iz-bat-u- niv -va ina bi - ri - ti parzil(?) is -qa- ti parzil(?) 
 theij took, and in bonds of iron and fetters of iron 
 
 u -tam- mi - hu qati va niri ma mit Assur sar 
 
 they hound their hands and feet. The oath of Assur M7ig 
 
 -I T— -W JT ^^-V] -^n -^ ^T< £T "ilT A-fflf HIE! ^T!I- 
 
 111 ik -su- us - su -nu- ti va sa ih - du - u 
 
 of the Gods took them, tvho sinned 
 
 >- y? <]^ ^T? Bh r— 47. £?IT ctl ^T< 4-f lEJ I tT?} 
 
 ina a - de - e rabati da - ab - ti qa -tus-su-iin 
 
 ajainst the great ones {i.e. Gods), who had sought the good 
 
 ^W --T A-! -E ET "gn f N ^- I -.£11 -/ -T< ^ -T?? ^::: 
 
 u - ba - hi - i va sa e - pu -su- su -nu- ti du - un - qu 
 of their hands and ivho had given them favoiirs ; 
 
 48. <T-iaj m I— -^IT T— ET -ET ^T --T< I ^ 
 
 va nisi alani ma - la it - ti su - nu 
 
 and the 2^^^P^^ ^f ^^^^ ^^^^ cities with them 
 
 mmmim -t<t^ ^- ^ y? ^ <T-i]yr -<v 49. ^.^ < 
 
 * * * * * ik - bu - du a -mat limut - ti zahiri va 
 
 ***** devised an evil design. Small and 
 
 ET- - -]m -w -w \.m -m mmmsm -et 
 
 rabati ina kakki u - sam - [ki - tu] ***** la 
 great with the sword they destroyed ***** did not 
 
 -I? -TT*^ ^^- - ^ITT S 50. <T-i£ij V T? I m T? <T^ 
 
 e - zi - bu ina lib - bi va sa-a-su- un a - di 
 
 leave in the midst ; and them to 
 
 [^KT <IeJ] T? <T* -tElI -TT<T ^ETf ^^ M s^^ si. <r^ig 
 
 [Ninua] a - di mah - ri ya ub - lu - ni va 
 
 [.^ineveh^ to my presence they brought; and 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 45 
 
 yj ^y jEj y .^ Cp: yr g^^^^^ .^ ^ 4^..yyy 
 
 a - na - ku Assur - ban i- pal * * * * * * mun - sa - ah 
 7, Assurhanipal * * * * -* * hestower of 
 
 t^m •»-! Tf -T< 52. T? -^M :»: -T<!^ ^ ^TTT*^ --] 
 
 dam - qa - a - ti a - na Ni - ik - ku - u arad 
 
 favours: to Necho the tributary 
 
 STT [D J^ ^ tt]} V -£T :f < T? T? -^T ti:?S <] ^T 
 
 da - [gil pa - ni ya sa abu banu-u a a- na sar -u]-te 
 dependent [^on me, ivhom the father my begetter to the kingdom^ 
 
 UdS <m^ - -tTT ^TI? -II "-^ ^^ 53. ►TI<T ^I? >^ 
 
 ip - ki - du ina Kar -bela -matati re - e - mu 
 
 had appointed in Kar-belmatati. Favour I 
 
 <T-TT<T <T- I £T ^!TT ^r< [::^(?)] <T* *=! -S^W El 
 
 ar - si su va kit - ti [ani(?')] di - is - su va 
 granted him, and a covenant I appointed him, 
 
 54. \] <r^ ty? j^ ^IT ^.y y^ <^^tl V -^11 HT<T 
 
 a - de - e ni - is Hi eli sa mah - [ri 
 
 the observances of the Gods stronger than before [I 
 
 mp V ^-})]\ ET ^I -<V I] ^ EV 55. '^yyy ^^ 
 
 u - sa - tir va it - ti su] as - pur lib - bu 
 
 caused to be restored, and with h'mi] I sent. His heart 
 
 ^W !£ld A ^T -^IT Ey m [M --V ^-B h 
 
 u - sar - hi - is su va lu - [bul - ti bir - nu 
 
 / caused to rejoice, and [costly^ garments 
 
 tyyyt cyy{] - ^^]] t] 55. m M <?? -TT^i "^yy ^^ s£:s? ^T< 
 
 u - lab] - bi - su va al - lu huraz si -mat saru - ti 
 
 / placed upon him, and ornamerits of gold, his royal image 
 
 I ^ -yA-TTT I 57. AS y— <}} -yyA ^ TIT^ [t> <m ^J 
 
 su as- kun su semiri huraz u -[rak- ki - sa] 
 
 / made for him, ' rings of gold I fastened on 
 
46 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 m ^r< I 68. ^fc=TIT T- ^ V AHTT --TT I <?? -TTA 
 
 sangu- ti su gir sib - bi sa ah - zu su liuraz 
 
 his feet, a scimitar, the sheath of ivhich was gold, 
 
 :^ i^TITT -^ t£y? 1^^^ Tf 2< I 59- ty gj y—^ 
 
 ni - bit sum ya ***** a -din su ruqubi 
 
 the glory of my 7iame * * * * =^ I gave him. Chariots, 
 
 s^y^ V B:yy y.^ c^ytE ictf^^y y-— y? ^y [^^s] -y< 
 
 susi pari a - na [saru] - ti 
 
 horses, and males for his kingdom 
 
 su a - kis - su su - ut - saki ya 
 
 / appointed; my generals as 
 
 £ss -y<yv y— y? -^y [ ^^ -^ <:: ^y] ^y< i ^ bw 
 
 sanuti a - na [Mu-zur it] - ti su as-pnr 
 
 governors to [.Egypt~] ivith him I sent. 
 
 61. yf 5£H m sp < yf - -^yy ^ yn? v 
 
 a - sar abu ban - u a ina Sa - ai sa 
 
 The place where the father my begetter, in Sais the name 
 
 My -m -II] ^-^ <^ -^ I 62. yj ^y ji:^^ < yy idf ^yyy s<y 
 
 [Kar -belu] matati sum su a- na sar -u-te ip-kid-du 
 
 of ivhich is Kar-helmatati; to the hi7igdom had appointed 
 
 I y} -^y + 4i;y ^e i ^yyy^^ ^])\\ j 63. t?yy ^^y ^^ 
 
 su a - na mas-gan- i su u - tir su da - ab - tu 
 
 him, to his district I restored him. Benefits and 
 
 <y- ^f ^li <-tH V tey -^y ^ tBV, m^ v v^ ;??? ey 
 
 damqatu eli sa abi ba - ni ya u - sa - tir va 
 
 favours, beyond those of the father my begetter, 1 caused to restore, and 
 
 ►y? V- *-;^-y<y -^yy 64. <y^;^ y ^ * ^ ^ -y ^ ts i 
 
 e -pu- us su va Nabu -se-zib-an - ni ablu su 
 
 gave to him: and Neboshazbau his son 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 47 
 
 - -^IT [??<] tt] f?< ^TI<T --T 65. >gyr ^-yy ^tgyy emEy 
 
 ina [Ha] - at - lia - ri - ba sa Li - mir - 
 
 in Athrihes ir/wcA Li mir- 
 
 * ^4 -ri -V -^ I T? -^i ti^m ^nr^ vy gE ^yA-in 
 
 pa-te - si -assur sum su a - na sar - u - te as - kim 
 "patesi-Assur is its name; to the hingdom I appointed. 
 
 66. y -^ txi f yyyt « \^ igy < tyy jt .giy */. cyyy< ^y< 
 
 Tar- qu - u sar Ku-u- si hat- tu pii - liih - ti 
 Tirhakah king of Ethiopia, terrible fear 
 
 -II ^T< ^t]] ty ^y<y ^^ jy ey tityy ih ^yy^ -^ <y> i 
 
 bil- ti ya is - hu - up su va 11 - lik simti mu- si su 
 of my power overwhelmed him, and he went to his 2)lcf'Ce of night. 
 
 67. y m Kyy ty :^ ^yj t^ t-t] I - ^] t^►^ ?? I tyyy^ y- 
 
 Ur - da -ma-ne- e ablu bilatisuina kuzzu su u -sib 
 Rudammon son of his consort, sat on his throne 
 
 ET ^TTT- eT A-] Jm EI If ^Ie 68. ^^yy ^ a-\ Tf -^T 
 
 va u -ma- hi - ir ma- a- tu Ni- ha a- na 
 
 ayid governed the coxintrij. Thebes he 
 
 ^TTf ^ -^T< I ^TT -lA-'W -W ^ !£fcJ ^-^TTT ^^ -^IT 
 
 dan - nu - ti su is - kun u - pa - hir el - lat su 
 
 fortified for himself, and gathered his forces 
 
 69. y? -^y ty? t]]< ti^E} < -m^} <-^Id ^r.ATf csy? 
 
 a - na e - pis qabal va tahaz eli umman ya 
 
 to make tvar and battle, against my army 
 
 ^y ^ y_ I ^yyy^ - .^y yj ^y .^y ^tyyy ^^ t^yy ^y 
 
 kakki su u -sat- ba - a iz - ba - ta mur - ra - na ru*A 
 
 his soldiers he brought forivard, and took the 7vad. 
 
48 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Tlie first expedition of Assurbanipal was directed against 
 Muzur, Heb. °?pP (Egypt), and Kusu, Heb. ^^3 Ethiopia. No name 
 resembling Muzur can be found in the hieroglyphics ; but Kusu is 
 the same as the Egyptian .TT? »*^^ Kusi. Kusu, or Kush, appears 
 in the Assyrian inscriptions to include part of Upper Egypt as 
 well as Ethiopia ; for although Esarhaddon's conquests did not 
 extend liigher than Thebes, he is said to have conquered both Muzur 
 and Kush. Cylinder A gives at the commencement Magan or 
 Makan instead of Muzur, and Miluhha instead of Kush. The name 
 Magan for some land in this region is very ancient, but only known 
 in the cuneiform inscriptions, Miluhha has been thought to be the 
 same as Meroe, the ancient capital of Ethiopia. During the first 
 part of the reign of Esarhaddon Egypt and Ethiopia were under the 
 
 rule of Tirhakah the J.^^ToJa,^©'^") "ifc. ('■"ra~lv"^5v3 Tahiirqa. 
 of the hieroglyphics, who was driven out of Egypt by Esarhaddon. 
 The re-conquest of Egypt by Tirhakah, at the close of the reign of 
 Esarhaddon, was the cause of the first expedition of Assurbanipal. 
 Here the Assyrian inscriptions difier, some (as Cylinder A) giving 
 the command of this expedition to Assurbanipal himself; others 
 (K, 2675) recording that he sent a general in command of the 
 army. The list of kings of S3n:*ia and Cyprus who submitted on the 
 road is, so far as it is preserved, the same as that of Esarhaddon 
 (" I^orth British Eeview," No. 104, p. 328). The first city in Egypt 
 mentioned in relation to this expedition is Karbanit. This is 
 evidently an Assyrian name ; and, as the city lay near the frontier, 
 is possibly the name given by Esarhaddon to Pelusium. Here tlie 
 battle took place, which once more gave the country to the Assyrians. 
 On conquering Egypt, Assurbanipal restored the twenty kings who 
 had been set up by Esarhaddon and dethroned by Tirhakah ; the 
 leader of these was Necho, hier. • — ^ j^Jj \. Nekau, who was king of 
 Mimpi, or Memphis, hier. J!^ 1 !^: ^4. ® Mennefer, then the capital 
 city, and Sai or Sais, hier. -V* jfck it Sai. The second king, 
 Sarludari, was evidently an Assyrian, the name is a common one at 
 this period, and is written in various ways ; the full form is found 
 
 on K, 31, y j^;;^ JgJ ^yyyjr ^yy yj ^, Sam-lu-u-da-a-ru, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. . 49 
 
 meaning " long live the king." Sarludari was king of Zihinii, 
 which probably represents Pelusiiim, the rTcl)rew Vp, tlie modern 
 
 Tineh. Tlie third king was Pisan-huru, hit;r. _J^ ^ I Pishen-hor, 
 he was ruler of Nathu, the island of Natho, hier. 1 <=> ^^ ® Natru 1 
 The fourth king, Paqruru, liier. ji^ a ^^ Paqrar, had his seat at 
 Pisabtu, hier. " a ^^^ Pi-supt. The fifth name, Pukkunannihapi, 
 is evidently Egyptian, but has not yet been ideRtified ; he 
 w\as king of Hathiribi, or Athribis, liier. []*'♦"♦© Hattahirab. 
 The sixth king has likewise an unidentified Egyptian name, he 
 nded at Henins, Heb. Din! The seventh king is Pudu-bisti, or 
 Petubastes, hier. T 2 ^' i ^ , Petslbast j he ruled at Zahan, or 
 Tanis, Hebrew \V'^^ modern San. The eighth king, Unamuna, ruled 
 
 at NatH. eitW^notW p.ee eanea N.HO or Hie. Mj^ I 
 Ntahru (Dendera). The ninth name is Har-si-yesu, hieroglyphic 
 j^ J Hor-si-esi; he was king of Zabnuti or Sebennytus. The 
 tenth name is Buaiva, hier. J "V il V 1? \w Buaiuva ; he ruled 
 at Bindidi, or Mendes, hier, 3® f f Bentat. The eleventh king, 
 
 Susinq, or Shishak, hier. UJ UJ ' Sheshanq ; ruled at Busiru 
 (Busiris), hier. J ^^ f * Pi-osiri-nebt. The twelfth king, Tap-naht, 
 or Tnephachthus, hier. • \k j ^ Taf-necht ; ruled at Bunubu, 
 
 probably hier. J ' J ^~^ Bunbun. The thirteenth name, Puk- 
 kunannihapi, is the same as the fifth ; his seat was at Ahni, 
 possibly Heracleopolis. The next king Ipti-har-desu, ruled at 
 Pizatti-hurunpiku. The fifteenth monarch lias the nailie Nahtl- 
 huru-ansini ; the first two elements in this name are equivalent 
 to hier. ^]^ t, ^ a _Vk Necht-har ; he was king of Pisabdinut. 
 Bukur-ninip, the sixteenth king, was an Assyrian ; he ruled at 
 Pahnuti. The position of the four last cities is doubtful, they 
 were probably in Middle Egypt. Ziha, the seventeenth monarch, 
 ruled at Siyaut, or Siyout, hier. "-£7 \k Saut. Tlie next 
 
 king, Lamintu, had his seat at Himuni or Chemmis, heir. "^ © 
 Hem-men. The nineteenth king was Ispi-madu of Taiiii, Thin, 
 
 11 
 
50 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 or Abydos, hier. w ] ® Teni. The name of the last king, 
 
 Manti-mi-anhe, contains the Egyptian elements Muntu-mi-anche, 
 but has not yet been found as a proper name ; he was king of Niha, 
 Heb. ^^, Thebes ; this name has not been found in hieroglyphics, the 
 usual Egyptian names of Thebes being I ^ '^ j ' ' ' Apt, and i * 
 Uab; but the Hebrew and Assyrian name for this city, resembles 
 ^^ ^^(^ L^ij Nahai, one of the names of Egypt. The narrative 
 describes the intrigues carried on by these restored monarchs, led by 
 Necho, Sarludari, and Paqruru, after the return of Assurbanipal to 
 Nineveh, and their attempt to revolt, in conjunction with Tirhakah ; 
 the destruction of some of the cities, the captivity of Necho and 
 Sarludari, and Tirhakah's death. The Egyptian inscriptions, and 
 especially the Apis Stele, give us the reign of Tirhakah as imme- 
 diately preceding that of Psammitichus (the son of Necho king of 
 Sais). One Apis Stele gives us the following: "Year 20, 12th 
 month, day 20, of the reign of Psammitichus, an apis died, and was 
 buried in year 21, 2nd month, day 25 ; he was born year 26 of 
 Tirhakah, and was enthroned in Memphis, 8th month, day 9, making 
 21 years." According to this tablet, there were about twenty-seven 
 years between the accession of Tirhakah and that of Psammitichus. 
 The successor of Tirhakah, called by the Assyrians Urdamane, has been 
 identified with the Egyptian royal name ^^(('11!^^'^} Rut- 
 ammon ; but another identification has been brought forward since ; 
 Dr. Haigh has suggested that Urdamane is the 1 ^K (o^^BlU) '7ml 
 (^ *^ ^ 9 l ) Nut-mi -ammon, or Ammon-mi-nut, whose history as 
 given on the stele discovered by M. Mariette in 1863, has a remark- 
 able likeness to the Assyrian account of Urdamane. According to 
 this tablet Nut-mi-am mon, when he came to the throne, had a 
 dream, in which he saw two serpents, one on his right hand, the 
 other on his left ; and this dream was explained to him to mean 
 tliat, as he possessed the south (Ethiopia), he should take the north 
 (^&ypt)- He then set out at the head of his army, and marched to 
 Elephantina ; from there he went to Thebes, and from Thebes he 
 approached Memphis. Here the chiefs of Lower Egypt disputed 
 his advance ; but, after defeating them, he entered the city in 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 51 
 
 triumph. While he stayed at Memphis, Paqrar, or Paqruru, the 
 chief of Pi-supt, the leader of the rulers of Lower Egypt came and 
 made submission to him." Paqruru of Pisupt is evidently the 
 fourth king in the Assyrian list, and the capture of Memphis by 
 Aramon-mi-nut parallels the taking of Memphis by Urdamane. The 
 cuneiform name of the Nile, Yaruhu, is the equivalent of the 
 Hebrew rnM\ Exodus i, 22. 
 
 T : ' 
 
 * A translation of this Stele by M. Maspero is given in "Revue Arclicologique," 
 Mai, 1868. 
 
52 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART III. 
 
 The Second Egyptian War. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 There are only two texts of this part of the history ; one is the 
 text common to Cylinders A, B, and C, found on Cylinder A, 
 col. ii, lines 61 to 83; the other is K, 2675, obverse line 70 to 
 reverse line 5. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column II, Lines 61 to 83. 
 
 61. - iT^fr m -iH ^i]\ T? -^T ^^ -^ <:: < 
 
 Ina sanutb gar - ri ya a - na Mu - zur va 
 
 In my second expedition, to Egypt and 
 
 \^ m < ^jT 62. 5^r vi <« *^ &TT AS EtiT -^ 
 
 Ku - n - si us - te - es - se - ra mur - ra - nu 
 
 Ethiopia I directed the march. 
 
 T IfcT ETT ET ^ ^]} 63. T? -JII E??< -TT<T ^eT? J^TT T- ^T? 
 
 Ur - da -ma- ne - e a-lak gar- ri ya is -me- e 
 
 Hudammon of the pr*ogress of my expedition heard, 
 
 ET ^TT -0 y- -^TT 64. <ct ^4^-TTT< ^-^ -^ <:: 
 
 va sa ak - bu - su me - ^ir Mu - zur 
 
 and that I had crossed over the borders of Egypt. 
 
 -A\ V A4f ^y m- + -<^ ET 65. T? ^T JT --TT ^^ 
 
 Mi- im - pi u -vas- sir va a- na su - zu - ub 
 
 Memphis lie abandoned, and to save his 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. ol 
 
 -TT^ -T^V I t£:w -^I ^TTIT T? -^1 m -TT? -^TT J^^ A-T 
 
 napisti su in - na - bit a- na ki - rib Ni - ha 
 
 life 
 
 he 
 
 fled 
 
 into 
 
 
 Thebes. 
 
 G6. 
 
 iB>m 1 
 
 '>^ £S5 -T<Tv^T— 
 
 ^:m<I@ 
 
 ^ Vi 
 
 ^ 
 
 •glT 
 
 
 sarri 
 
 sanuti 
 
 ki 
 
 - pa - a 
 
 - ni 
 
 sa 
 
 
 The 
 
 kings, 
 
 prefects. 
 
 and governors, 
 
 
 whom 
 
 m 
 
 ^n? 
 
 \< ^ 
 
 c: E= :eJ 
 
 y- 67. - 
 
 J:^ 
 
 ^B]} 
 
 ki 
 
 - ril) 
 
 Mu- 
 
 zur as - ku 
 
 - nu 
 
 ina 
 
 sati 
 
 ya 
 
 in 
 
 Egi/pt I 
 
 had set 
 
 ?^;>, 
 
 to my presence 
 
 >--<v 
 
 rrifci 
 
 < <::^' 
 
 ^y jryyyj:: ^- 
 
 I S <T- 
 
 > — >— < * 
 
 :tEn 
 
 ^^T{ 
 
 il 
 
 - Hk - 
 
 • a - niv 
 
 - va u - na 
 
 - as - si - 
 
 qu 
 
 sepi 
 
 ya 
 
 came 
 
 ■> 
 
 and 
 
 kissed 
 
 
 my 
 
 
 feet. 
 
 68. 
 
 ^lE'^Y 
 
 Titr i 
 
 S'T £T :?^ * 
 
 -']} AS E 
 
 ^]]^ 
 
 ^^?? ^ 
 
 
 arku 
 
 Ur - 
 
 da -ma- ne - 
 
 e mur - 
 
 ra -nu 
 
 az 
 
 -bat 
 
 
 After 
 
 Rudammon thi 
 
 ' road 
 
 / 
 
 
 ^oo/: ; 
 
 al - lik a - di Ni - ha alu dan - nu - ti 
 
 / icent to Thebes, the strong city; 
 
 70. ^]< idj -T2^ ^ET? tTi? :„: tyj AS: £T -^TT s?^ A--T 
 
 ti " ip tahaz ya dan - ni e - mur va Ni - ha 
 
 the approach of my |)ower/w? army he saw, and Thebes 
 
 ^w + -<^ 71. ^cm -^i m I? ^r -^n <i£j tu <igf -^t- 
 
 u -vas- sir in - na - bit a - na Ki - ip - ki - pi 
 
 he abandoned, and fled to Kipkip. 
 
 >-A^ JT ]) -^I 72. ]] ^y ^T tild --J< I - leJ -<T< 
 
 alu su - a - tu a - na si - hir - ti su ina tugulti 
 
 Tliat city (Thebes) the ivhole of it, in the service of 
 
 H4 < <V/ -T<T^ JT tSTI Jin T} I? 73. <}} ^y <{} -yiA 
 
 Assur va Istar ik - su - da qata ai kasiip huraz 
 
 Assiir and Ishtar my hands took ; silver, gold, 
 
54 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^ II -<]< i^} T— V JT ^TTTT eT- I £T -EI -^T M -W 
 
 ni -sik- ti abni sa - su e -kal su ma- la ba -su- u 
 
 precious stones, the furniture of his palace, all there ica^ ; 
 
 74. ]^ © ^^r ^t^ y. ^ y.^ t<^ \< E^yy y>~ t]- y— 
 
 lu -bul- tu bir -mi kitui siisi rabati 
 
 garments costly and beautiful (?), great horses, 
 
 75. tyf? y>~ f<H E^TT KhM «< « 76. yy i.y ^^^ y^ 
 
 nisi: zik - ra va sin-nis 2 tim -mi 
 
 people male and female, two ^(fiy 
 
 zirati pi - ti - ig (v. tig) za - ha - le - e ib - bi 
 
 obelisks covered with beautifid carving, 
 
 77. mm- 4^-^]]} <iej r I -7^ « ?? *SiL ^^^ mi ^ 
 
 * * 100 bilati pasah su-numan-za- az bab ezar 
 
 * * hundred talents their weight, set up before the gate of a temple, 
 
 78. [^y] ^y< I ^ jgiE ^v JT ET m *-T T{ Tf ^T 
 
 
 [it] 
 with 
 
 Assur 
 Assyria. 
 
 ■ ti su-nu 
 
 as - suh 
 removed. 
 
 va al - qa - a a - na 
 
 and brought to 
 
 79. [tv V ^^yy] - -£y y- :t^ ^ M -gy 
 
 [sal - lat su] ina la mi - ni as - lu - la 
 [Its spoils~\ un7iumbe7'ed I carried off. 
 
 <^v ^T m m -t]} t^ A-T 
 
 vjJl-Wt al - tu ki - rib Ni - ha 
 
 From the midst of Thebes, 
 
 Mu - zur] Ku- u - si 
 
 Egypt and Ethiopia ; 
 
 81. 
 
 80. [<^-tI 
 [eh 
 over 
 
 :T m T— ::Er? 
 
 kakki ya 
 
 my servants 1 
 
 WTT-] A}\^ -m Cm Ey 82. [^ f^] tfc ^Egyy ^e ^y 
 
 [u] - sam - ri - ir va [as - tak] - kan li - i - tu 
 
 caused to march, and I acquired glory. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 55 
 
 ^T ^T< ET SIT ^T 83. 5V I-- T? -E^I E^TT T? -^! 
 
 it - ti ma - da - te sal - mis a - tu - ra a - na 
 
 With the tribntca peaceful! ij I returned to 
 
 m\ m -^TT -II -^T< KTf 
 
 Ninua alii bilu- ti ya 
 Nineveh, the city of my dominion. 
 
 K, 2675, Obverse Line 70 to Reverse Line 5. 
 
 70. >- -£Ey -<^ ^T< ^-4 H <« <1-M --! I— £l- T— 
 
 Ina tu -gul- ti A.ssur Sin va Hi rabati 
 
 hi the service of Assur, Sin, and the great Gods 
 
 -II I— ^ETf 71. >- ^H^T -^*? eIhT <T- <T- <T- I 
 
 beli ya ina tahaz zer rajD - si abikta su 
 
 my lords ; in the wide battle field his overthroiv they 
 
 is - ku - nil u - par - ri - ru el - lat su 
 
 accomplished, and dispersed his forces. 
 
 72. TiH t?fr £T ^ -I? !=T? T IdJ ^T -JH t] tyf^jnttfe 
 
 Ur - da -ma- ne - e e -dis ip -par- sid va e - ru - ub 
 Rudammon fled alone, and entered 
 
 r? ^] ^-yy :^ ^^^y ^^yy 5^;;^ ^y< i 73. t] m -t^? 
 
 a- na Ni - ha alu saru - ti su ma- lak arah 
 
 into Thebes, his capital city. A journey of a month 
 
 < ^T T— IfcJ <^ siN fc ^- -W ^T< J^^^? I 
 
 10 immi ur - hi pa - as - qu - u - ti arku su 
 
 and ten days on a difficult road, after him ^i^o-tU 
 
 :yy .£^yy jgy y? <y^ <gy ^yyj ^-yy ^ a-T 74. ^-yy 
 
 il - li - ku a - di ki - rib Ni - ha alu 
 
 tlioy went, to the midst of Thebes. Tliat city. 
 
56 . ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 su - a - tu a - na si - hir - ti su ik - su - du is - pu - nu 
 the whole of it they took, and swept 
 
 T? V- m 
 
 a - bu - bis 
 like a storin. 
 
 Reverse. 
 
 1- <}} -TIA <U ^T ^T? ^T ^-^ I i»^ II --T< cw^? T— 
 
 Huraz kasap e -par mat su ni -sik- ti abni 
 
 Gold and silver, the dust of his country, 2^Tecious stones, 
 
 t^ ET -S m ^ -^-W -T< [^TTIT] ET- [I] 2. laj ^ mT< 
 
 ma t* ak - ru ni - sir - ti [e -] kal [su] In - bul - ti 
 
 t tA^iu^ valuahlesi?) treasures of his jxt/rtce, garments 
 
 bir -mi kitui susi rabati nisi 
 
 costly and beautiful {?), great horses, jieople 
 
 zikir va sinnis * * * * za - a - ti pa - ge - e 
 
 ?7ia/e a7ic? female, hazati{?) page and 
 
 t.w ^^ ^y -^ -mr v <\^ l ^y?? 4. ^ ^ey y^ :^ 
 
 u - qu - pi tar - bit sad- di su un ina la mi- ni 
 
 uqv.pi, the products of their mountains, irithout iiumbcr, 
 
 yj ^y -^ A-T <i:^ -y? !£!yy<© ^yyf ^i? i ^yyy^ *^i>gE <::y 
 
 a- na mu - hu - de - e ultu ki -rib- e su u -se- zu - niv 
 in abundance from the country they brought out 
 
 EI 4i-yy -^ < t> -Ey y 5. y? ^-y ti^y <m -j^tt 
 
 va iiii - nu u sal - la -tis a - na Ninua alu 
 
 and countod as spoil. To Nineveh, the city 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 
 
 57 
 
 -< m -^T< ^ET? x^ T— ^]] 
 
 £T 
 
 Cl] 
 
 ^T 
 
 bi - lu - ti ya sal- mis is 
 
 - su 
 
 - niv 
 
 - va 
 
 of my dominion, peacefully they 
 
 ccrnie 
 
 up, 
 
 «^ Z^U-uJ^ 
 
 ^W ^T E= <"- -- <BT" ^E"? 
 
 
 
 
 u - na -as- si - qu sepi ya 
 
 
 
 
 kissed my feet. 
 
 
 
 
 In the two versions of the second Egyptian war there is the 
 same difference as that noticed in the former part. One narrative 
 (Cylinder A) representing Assurbanipal as invading Egypt a second 
 time, and driving out Urdamaiie ; while K, 2675, represents 
 Urdamane to have been defeated and expelled by the Assyrian 
 forces in Egypt. 
 
58 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART IT. 
 
 The Siege of Tyre and the Affairs of Lydia. 
 
 * , TEXTS. 
 
 The two principal texts of the Tyrian campaign (Cylinders A 
 and B) only differ in the earlier part by Cylinder B introducing 
 two clauses not found in Cylinder A ; these are marked in 
 parentheses (h, &c.). The latter part of this division in Cylinder B 
 is sufficiently diiferent to be given separately. The texts will then 
 be Cylinder A, col. ii, Hne 84, to col iii, line 42 (the clauses 
 introduced in Cylinder B being in lines 86 and 87), Cylinder B, 
 col. ii, line 54, to col. iii, line 4, K, 2675, reverse lines 13 to 31, and 
 a fragment of Cylinder E. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column II, Line 84, to Column III, 
 
 Line 42. 
 
 84. [^ yyy <t- eh< -TT<T] ^eT? <-^Id ! --I A-] -e^TI 
 
 qIa. [Ina salsi gar - ri] ya eli Ba - ha - Ii 
 
 [Li] my [third expeditioii] against Bahal 
 
 (v. m) « ^ <:: -Ti<T 85. mmm m < mu^ 
 
 (v. al) sar Zur - ri * * * lu - u al - lik 
 
 king of Tyre * *' * / went; 
 
 Se I (V- ^!T) !} *-" S^ -<< ^£T? 86. ^ET tT 5>Se t 
 
 as -su (v. sa) a - mat saru - ti ya la iz - zu - ru 
 
 who my royal will disregarded and 
 
 la is - mu - u zi - kar sap - ti (v. sapti) ya 
 
 did not hear the ivords of my lij^s ; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 59 
 
 hal- zu - ti eli hu u -rak-kis {b. * ^ - le - e 
 towers roimd him I raised; {h. * * his 
 
 -)}} T— I ^W m t-t] t] m -£ET] 88. >- *T -^^^ 
 
 nisi su u -dan- nin ma- zir - tu) ina tarn- ti "^oJt. 
 
 'peoj^le, I strengthened, the loatch) on sea 
 
 < -^T -^ -£^IT E?l< -TT<T -I< I m- ^? -HIT 0>- 1? ^JII s^tTT 
 
 va na - ba-- li gar- ri - ti su u -zab- bit (6. a- lak - ta 
 and land; his roads I took; {b. his going out 
 
 I tt] ^JE y-M n T— <T-l£lJ ^I 4i-! m^ t^yyy ^^j ^.-^ 
 
 SU ab - ru - uz me va te - Im - u - ta ba - lad 
 
 / sto2)ped, water and sea ivater to preserve 
 
 -nv -t^^ I -s^ T? ^I *T- ^B Ml ^ A\Y V <IeJ =m 
 
 napisti 
 
 su - nu 
 
 a - 
 
 na 
 
 pi i 
 
 su - nu u 
 
 - sa- 
 
 ki - ir 
 
 their 
 
 lives 
 
 
 
 their 
 
 mouths 
 
 
 drank ; 
 
 - T- -TI -TT<T ^TTf ^ "gTT -eT -^I ^T .IT <}ip ^T? -TT ^ 
 
 ina mi- si - ri dan - ni sa la na -par- su - di e - si - ir 
 by a strong blockade, ivhich 7'emoved not, I besieged 
 
 I -^ ►.!<) 89. txi\ \^ >-^yr ^ m^ MT -I<K -W n) -W] 
 
 su-nu- ti) nap-sat su -nu u - si iq u - tir - ri 
 
 them) ; their spirits I humbled and caused to melt aivay ; 
 
 90. I? ^T -T lElII&I ^t]\ m^ -TT^ ^ ^T -£:}] '^ -<V 
 
 a - na niri ya u - sak - ni - is su -nu- ti 
 
 to my yoke I made them submissive ; the 
 
 91- ^% ^ tETT SkT ^TT! ;:: I < ^f 5> (T— ) Ei^S^T— \ ' 
 
 bintu zi - it lib - bi su va binti alii su 
 
 daughter p>roceeding from his body and the daughters of his brothers 
 
 92. y? ^1 tT} EU< tv <I-CTTT m^ -<I< ^TTT- ^ -El T? <Tst 
 
 a - na e - pis sal tupflu - u - ti u - bi - la a - di 
 for concubines he brought to my 
 
 koA. 
 
60 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ►tEii -n<T ttv, 93. T tm A ^n m ^^e ra m -<i< 
 
 mah - ri ya Ya - hi - mil - ki ablu [su] tiigiiltit?) 
 
 presence; [to] Yahimelek [his] son, the suh- 
 
 t] ^r< <T- <' -^r -T? :::: ^^TT 94. ^yy -^y « ^yyy^ \< [ty] 
 
 ma- ti si -mat la e - bi - ra is -te-nis u -sat-fgil] 
 
 mission of the country and an unequalled present{?) at once he entrusted, 
 
 Vy ^T -Vy t}}< -^T -^r< ^^Vi 95. ^f ^>~ >-^yy < ^^ ^^ y.~ 
 
 a - na e - pis ardu - ti - ya binat su va binti 
 
 to make obeisance to me. His daughter and the daughters 
 
 £:s;^T— I 96. ^y ^y< -^t??jj ?;< ^]< ey ^^^y t^ -^yy 
 
 aid su it - ti tir -ha- ti ma- ha - as - si 
 
 of his brothers, with their great dowries, I 
 
 £^ AS I 97. ^yy<y ^y? ^ <y^yy<y <y. ^y ty ^ ^ ::Eyy ^y 
 
 am - liar su re - e - mu ar - si su va ablu zi - it 
 
 received. Favour I granted him, and the son proceeding 
 
 ^yyy t^ i 98. tyyy^ -^cj{jf ey cey <i< (v. y? <l<) I 
 
 lib - bi su u - tir va ad - din (v. a - din) su 
 
 from his body I restored and gave him. 
 
 T ^m <M tESfff m s^m^ 99. ^•^ -^ y? ^jn -ey ^yy 
 
 Ya - ki - in - lu - u sar A- ru - ad - da 
 
 1 akinlu hiyig of Arvad, 
 
 TI T- t<«If ^T -i^ 100. -gyy y? ^y j;?^ ]^^ 
 
 a - sib qabal tam - ti sa a - na sarri 
 
 dwelling in the midst of the sea, ivho to the kings 
 
 cET y-^ cey? -b] ttc i 101. ^y<y^ -j^ v yf ^y ^y lEyjygf 
 
 abi ya la kan-su ik -nu-sa a- na airi 
 
 my fathers was not submissive, subynitted to my yoke, 
 
 ^e\} ^s t^ >i£yy 102. ^y ^y< ^ <T^jfTT ^ .yr 
 
 ya binat su it - ti nu - dun - ne - c 
 
 his daughter, with many gifts. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 61 
 
 E! AH [<T*] T? -^y ^T? £??< i> <I-CTTT < -<I< 103. y? ^y 
 
 ma- ha - [di] a - na e - pis sal tuglii -u- ti a - na 
 
 for a concubine to 
 
 ^HT <IeI m- J^^T =^ El ^TIT^ -^I S 11 <tE!T ^eT? 
 
 Ninua u - bil - av - va 11 - na - as -siq sepi ya 
 
 Nineveh he brought, and kissed my feet. 
 
 104. T -^ eMeU !£5S ^-" - -^11 V ^T -A< tE^S? T— 
 
 Mu-gal- lu sar Tab- alu sa it - ti sarri 
 
 Mugallu king of Tubal, ivho against the kings 
 
 tt] y— tEyf 105. c<n(?) *^-(?) m^ ?? ]} ^y< - £E=m -eet 
 
 abi ya is(?) pnC?) da -za-a- ti bi - in - tu 
 
 my fathers made(?) depredations, the daughter 
 
 xm ^y ^yyy t^ i io6. <y^;^ ytH?^ h< -^y< 
 
 zi - it lib - bi su va tir - ha - ti 
 
 proceeding from his body, and her great 
 
 £T A-y ^si -yy y? ^y -y? e?k tv <y-;::yyy < ^y< 
 
 nia - ha - as - si a - na e - pis sal tnglu - u - ti 
 doun^y, for a concuhine 
 
 107. T? ^i t»iy <^ s^yyy^ :^5:y ;^ Ey ^w -^y * ii 
 
 a - na Ninua u - bil - av - va u - na - as - siq 
 
 to Niiieveh he hvught, arid kissed 
 
 <^yy u]] 108. !.T? ^^iT T .^ th -^yy 
 
 sepi ya e - li Mu - gal - li 
 
 my feet. ' Over Miigallu 
 
 t^y^E V E^yy y^ ^y^ y--^ 109. « t^yy ^^^ .^gy \- ^y< 
 
 susi rabati man- da - at - tu mat- ti 
 
 great horses and the tribute of the country the 
 
 m- Ey m- mi ^^^] 5?y i i lo. 1 4s h ^yy ^id y- r 
 
 sam -ma u ■• kin zir - us -su Sa - an - da - sar - mi 
 
 sum I fixed upon him. Sandasarmi of 
 
;ryy^^^>:jryY 
 
 abi 
 
 ya 
 
 ny 
 
 fathers 
 
 62 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Hi- lak - ka - ai sa a - na sarri 
 
 Cilicia, who to the kings 
 
 -B] -1<]^ V- I 112. ^ET i^£ JI m tt] W -} I !=TU 
 
 la ik - nil -su la i - su - du ab - sa - an su - uii 
 
 did 7iot suhmit, and did not perform their pleasure, 
 
 113. tg t- tBW ^! -^TIT ^ I ^I -T< ^ <?^?H? :?? ^I? 
 
 biiitu zi - it lib - bi su it - ti nu - dun - ne - e 
 the daughter proceeding from his body, ivith many 
 
 114. ET A-) <!* T? ^! ^T? E?{< tv <h:T!T ^TTT^ -<V 
 
 ma - ha - di a - na e - pis sal - tuglu - u - ti 
 gifts, for a concubine 
 
 115. T? -^i m^ m m- j^^t ^^ ei -w -^t s ii 
 
 a- na Ninua u - bil - av -va u - na-as-siq 
 
 to Nineveh he brought, and kissed 
 
 sepi ya ul - tu Ya - ki - in - lu - u sar 
 
 Qny feet. From Yakinlu king of 
 
 \^ T? 'an tt] m n^- »=t? h ^ ^-^ i 
 
 A - ru - ad - da e - mi - du mata su 
 
 Arvad, I took away his country. 
 
 A - zi - ba - ha - al A - bi - ba - 'ha - al 
 
 Azihalial, Abibahal, 
 
 A-du-ni-ba- al Sa -pa- di -ba- al Pu - di -ba- al 
 Adonibahal, Sapadibahal, Pudibahal, 
 
 119. y -.fcy 4H m tt]] M] ^- T --! A-] m ??< ^ -^ 
 
 Ba - ha - al - ya - su - pu Ba - ha - al -ha-nu-nu 
 
 Bahalyas up, Bahalhan un, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. ()3 
 
 1 20. T ^^1 4H f HJ £T IeII !EI ! T? :^ ^!T <^ ! Vi A =^11 <IeJ 
 
 Ba - ha - al -ma- In - kii A - bi- mil - ki A - hi - mil - ki 
 Bahalmalak, Ahimelek, and Ahimelek, 
 
 abli Ya - ki - in - lu -u a -sib qabal tam- ti 
 
 sons of Yakinhi, divelling in the midst 
 
 122. <ty^ -eeT E<3<i} ^T -i?Sr «=!? JT <:rT ET 122. Si!-^r< 
 
 ul - til qabal tam- ti e -su-niv -va it - ti 
 
 of 'the sea, from the midst of the sea arose, and with 
 
 m -IT- -^i< I ^ <id m -m 1 24. ^^n -m^ m <n £T 
 
 ta-mar-ti su-nii ka - bit - tu il - li -ku- niv -va 
 
 their numerous ^^re^^eTifs came and 
 
 !=in- -^T gE <f t^t^ <M ^ET? 125. r If -ir^ -^i a^-i -i<j 
 
 u - na - as - si qii sepi ya A - zi - ba - ha - al 
 
 kissed my feet. Azibahal 
 
 ?;< ]:it]^^ EI 126. 1? ^T ^;si < -l< <" n -^jn tEi »fl 
 
 ha-dis ap-pa-lis va a- na sar -11- ti A- rii - ad - da 
 
 gladly I received, and to the kingdom of Arvad 
 
 g= .y^.^fflf 127. r T? t^ --I A-] f III 1 1? ^ ^ff --I m 
 
 as - kun A - bi - ba - lia - al A - dii - ni - ba - al 
 
 appointed. Ahihahcd, Adonihahcd, 
 
 T 4S !l= <I^ -^I ^KI 
 
 Sa - pa - di - ba - al 
 Sapadihahcd, 
 
 Column III. 
 
 1. y- iw -^i -III I --I A-} m KI? ji y- 
 
 Pu - di - ba - nJ Ba - ha - al - ya - sii - pii 
 
 Pudihahal, Bahalyasup, 
 
64 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Ba - ha - al - ha - nu - uu 
 Bahalhanon, 
 
 A - bi - mil - ki A - hi - mil - ki 
 Ahimelek, and Ahimelek ; 
 
 Ba - ha - al -ma- lu-ku 
 Bahahnaluh, 
 
 3. M 1^ ^T< ^ctE T- 
 
 lu - bul- ti bir - mi 
 costly clothing 
 
 7e--7ir-7Cr^7C'- ^FF T*"*-*-^ 7C'-7C'-7ir-7ir-7Cr-7i.'-7i-'-- 4. >- >->-»- I >^ll<i C-^]r 
 
 * * * * semiri ****** ina mah - ri ya 
 
 * * * * rings ****** in my presence 
 
 
 * * * * * Gil - (ug) - gu sar Lu -ud - di 
 
 Gyges king of Lydia, 
 
 ^f! t{^ tJc "7^: yp 
 
 na - gu -u sa ni - bir - ti ab - ba as - ru ru - u - qu 
 a district ivhicJi is across the sea, a remote place, 
 
 'TT 
 
 :«-W- 
 
 T' 
 
 c£T T— ^£T? -ET ^TT -^ ^^TTT- -<H -TT<T 
 
 sa sarri abi ya la is -mu- u zik - ri 
 
 ofivhich the kings my fathers had not heard speak of 
 
 -^ I 
 
 sum su 
 its name. 
 
 8. ^ ^TTTT !£:« ►-T< m\ -Til ►^T< - -TA <c^ 
 
 ni - bit saru - ti ya kap - ti ina suttu 
 The account of my grand kingdom 
 
 t^W JJ^fcn -TT<T £T -TA H --T -^ Tf 9- ^^TTT £T 
 
 u - sap - ri va Assur Ilu ba - nu a um -ma 
 
 in a dream was related to him by Assur, the God my creator, thus : 
 
 ^YY mmmmmmm^m^^ lo. (-< ^Y) - -yy^ ^??< 
 
 (sum ma) ina zi - kar 
 {u)hen) in rememhrance 
 
 nir ********* 
 " The yoke * * * * * * * * 
 
 "^^Smm. Ji '^T -^ -T A <f = M :# -eeT i^Tf -^ mi 
 
 ****** im-mu suttu [an-ni- tu e -mu-ru] 
 
 * * * * * ^ the day \]ie saw that~\ dream. 
 
ASSURBAXTPAL. 05 
 
 1.2. ESS i> y- I [^TT y- E^IT T? -^I V A--I =I<I 
 
 rak - bii su [is - pu - ra a - na sa - ha - al 
 his messenger [lie sent, to 1^^'^^y fo^" 
 
 <}t}\\] y t-m 13. -]A <^^ -T ^ [-£eT V ^]} -^ ^JII] 
 
 salim -mi ya] suttu an - ni - [tu sa e -mu- ru] 
 
 my friendship]. That dream [which he saiv], 
 
 u.^ jTn £:w T? IeII I =;^IT £V ^ eT -TTI- V -! 
 
 ina qati a - mir su is - pur - av - va u - sa - an - 
 
 hi/ the hand of his envoy he sent, and repeated 
 
 [^I tEf? Vi ^T<] 15- <^T^ -m ^TTT ^ ^T T- V ^^T --I -^I 
 
 [na ya - a - ti] ul - tu lib - bi im - mi sa iz - ba - tu 
 
 [to me]. From the midst of the day ivhen he took the 
 
 <BV [ti:w ^T< -m 16- £hs -riA ^m (£-m i? t} 
 
 niru [saru - ti ya] Gi - mir - (ra) - ai 
 
 yoJce of \jny himgdom], the Cimmerians, 
 
 ^ Sn ti<j .£g|T ^. tiH [I— I] 18. £TT -£T 
 
 mu - da - al - li - pu nisi [su] sa la 
 
 wasters of U^'^^] people, icho did not 
 
 tu -II<T -El -M tt] T— STJ 18. <MeII ^eI -^T < !f 
 
 ip - tal - la - hu abi ya va at - tu - u - a 
 
 fear my fathers and " me, and 
 
 -ET -T --T -m <tETT tEnS -^r< ST? -V]^ il ^T 19- - 
 
 la iz - ba - tu niru saru - ti ya ik - su -ud ina 
 
 did not take the yoke of my kingdom, he captured, in 
 
 m -<V HA < H <V/ -I T— -II I— sif 20. <ti^ ^£i 
 
 tugul- ti Assur va Istar Hi beli ya ul - tu 
 
 the service of Assur and Ishtar the Gods my lords. From the 
 
 ^IIT C^) EhS -II -^11 T— V ESS -IT4 EmEJ (EtTD ]] !? 
 
 lib - (bi) niri sa Gi - mir - (ra) - ai 
 
 midst of the . chiefs of the Cimmerians, 
 
 K 
 
66 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 V -T<T^ .IT ^ 21. yy b;^ -II -^IT T— ► tETT ^T ;:£!! 
 
 sa ik - su - du 2 niri ina zi - iz - zi 
 
 ?^/iow. he had take^i, tivo chiefs in strong fetters 
 
 t<]] ;s_y ^y< ..y jf. - .yy<y ^y< ..y jf. 22. tyyy^ '^y y^ ^^>yyy 
 
 is -qa-ti parzil bi - ri - ti parzil u -tarn- mi- ih 
 
 of iron, and bonds of iron, he hound, 
 
 By ^y ^y< >£yyy ^yy^ ►.y< i ^^h ^^M ^T< 23. ^yyyt ^ t^ ^t\ 
 
 va it - ti ta -mar-ti su ka - bit - ti u -se-bi- la 
 
 and with numerous p'ese;2^5, he caused 
 
 Vi <T^ -tEII -TI<T tey? 24. e:s tv ^- I V I? -^T 
 
 a - di mah - ri ya rak- bu su sa a - na 
 
 to bring to my 2^resence. His messe^igers luhom, to 
 
 V ^-T m <?-???? T- m} 25. ^-tj y? y? ^ 
 
 sa - ha - al salim - mi ya ka - ay - an 
 
 pray for my friendship he was 
 
 J^IT !£TTT t^? ^ Ecyy tyyyt ^y V Tf -^T <T* ^.i^TT *T 
 
 is - ta -nap- pa- ra u - sar -sa-a ba - di - il - tu 
 constantly sending, he wilfully discontinued; 
 
 26. s I -gyy yf ^-^ ha -T ^ I? -£T ^^T t-^ m 
 
 as -su sa a -mat Assur Ilu bana a la iz - zu - ru 
 as the ivill of Assur, the God my creator, he had disregarded ; 
 
 27. y? ►^y ty? ^^ t-yy « ^e I ^y t^yyy ^ ty ^^^^^i^y 
 
 a- na e -muq ra -man- i su it - ta -gil va ik - bu- us 
 to his oivn j^ower he trusted and hardened 
 
 ^yyy ^^ 28. ^y? >^ <i£y i y? ^y ^yyy ^yy<y y ^y^ v T- r.^!T <l£l 
 
 lib-bu e -mu- ki su a- na kit- ri Pi -sa-mi- il - ki 
 
 his heart. His forces to the aid of Psammitichus 
 
 («) X- -^ <:: 29. ^yy ey igj ^yyy^ ty lEmgy ^n ^y< ti]] 
 
 (sar) Mu-zur sa iz - ]u - u niru belu- ti ya 
 
 {king) of Egypt, who had throum off the yoke of my dominion. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 67 
 
 t^TT EV £| 30. n ^l IeJ g? T- !=y? El m^ ^ -E^TT 
 
 is -pur va a - na -kii as -me- e va u -sal - li :fa/. \cl^Cut- 
 
 ' he sent ; and I heard [of it~\, and prayed to 
 
 -TA < -T <'tV 31. t-irr E! ^ ^-T ESS A- 1 !?= V I 
 
 Assur va Istar um -ma pa- an nakiri su pa-gar su 
 
 Assur and Ishtar thus : " Before his enemies his corpse 
 
 -E^TT -^T <T* ET 32. ^ ^T < :^ <£E <V e^I T— I 
 
 li - na - di va lis-su-u- ni ner -pad din(?) su 
 
 may they cast, and may they carry captive his attendants." 
 
 m-tW]}-^h-\A 33.E4-W^J=i!T-E^!Tiii#='-T 
 
 ki - i sa a- na Assur am hu - ru is - li * * pa- an 
 
 When thus to Assur I had prayed, he requited me. Before 
 
 £;;s ^ I * V I 34. ^Cjw -^T <l!?= t] t^TM < =«: 
 
 nakiri su pa -gar su in - na - di va is -su-u- ni 
 
 his enemies his corpse loas throivn doivn, and they carried captive 
 
 <^<if^v—\ 35. E^ i\\A mm Tf rr V _ - :s ^1111 
 
 ner -pad- dui(?) su Gi - [mii^] - ai saina ni - bit 
 
 his attendants. The Cimmerians ichom by the glory 
 
 ■^ tB]} V -i^T^ I -T<T^ V- -iSTT 36. ^7 ^4^- m El] 
 
 sum ya sa - pal su ik - bu - su id - pu - [ku va] 
 
 of my name he had trodden under him conquered and 
 
 !=y ^- -3^ >-]\A ^m '■< I ^m. I ^^ I 37. ^w V 
 
 is - pu - nu gi - mir mati su * * * su ablu su u - sib 
 
 swept the whole of his counti^y * * * su {Ardys) his son sat on 
 
 ina kuzzu su ip - sit limut - ti sa ina ni - is 
 
 his throne, that evil ivorh at the lifting up 
 
 m m\ 38. ^^T 'i^ ^T< ^T<T^ -SElT ^^Vf - * -T 
 
 qati ya Hi ti - ik - li ya ina pa - an 
 
 of my hands, the Gods my protectors in the time of the 
 
 ti^ 
 
i 
 
 68 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cEi cp (y. ^^y ^) I tyiTc sfrtU -yr<T lEl 39. ^ ^yn 
 
 abi bani (v. ba - ni) su u - sap - ri - ku. ina qati 
 
 father his begetter had destroyed. By the hand 
 
 EhS Tf mi I J^TI ET ==4 ET ^T --T -^T 40. <SEyy 
 
 a - mir su is - pur - av - va iz - ba - tu niri 
 
 0/ his envoy he sent \_word^ and took the yoke 
 
 j:s; ^T< tEy? ^-yyy ty ^:sf V -T ^e t;^ I ^Ey t^yyy 
 
 saru - ti ya um -ma sar sa Ilu i - du su at - ta 
 of my kingdom thus: "The king luhom God has blessed art thou; 
 
 41. cEy < y? s^yyy [^^tl] ^^yy m ey t^ <y-iH =^IT W Ml 
 
 abu-u a ultu [ka] il - lik va limuttu is -sa- kin 
 
 my father from [thee'\ departed, and evil loas done 
 
 ^ ^ IS I 42. tm T? -r< -^I SJf: ^T --H ^--^ <S.m (tE) 
 J, ina pa-ni su ya -a- ti ardu hat-tu ka mat ban -ni- (i) 
 
 in his time ; I am thy devoted servant, and my ^yeople 
 
 C..JSJ.- Ey ^Ey B £?TT t.t] V -T -^H 
 
 ma- la su - da ab - sa - an ka 
 all perform thy pleasure. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column II, Line 54, to Column III, Line 4, 
 Variant for Cylinder A, Column II, Line 98, to Column III, 
 
 Line 42. 
 
 54. f yyyp <^^]]\] gy y} ^yy<y ^4f i ^^yy -- t>s y— 
 
 u - tir va a - ri - im su hal - zui 
 
 / restored and favoured him. The toivers 
 
 55. V <-::H T --T A--T -E^yy ^:?s <^ <:: ►TT<T 
 
 sa eli Ba - ha - li sar Zur - ri 
 
 tvhich over against Bahel king of Tyre 
 
 5G. !.yyyc t^ <iEy -^yy tty 4^^ - ^y -t\ < 
 
 jjji^ u - rak - ki - su ab - tur ina tarn - ti_ va 
 
 / had raised, I p idled down; on sea and 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 69 
 
 ca -bal- li gar - ri - ti su ma- la u -zab-bi - tu 
 
 land all his roads ivhich I had taken I 
 
 tt] ^I< 58. ET ^TT t£T eETTT I -^Id ^ ITTT ^T ^ ^S^ I 
 
 ab - ti ma- da - at - ta su ka - bit -tu am - bar su 
 
 opened; his ahundant tribute I received; 
 
 59. t- T— T? -m B^TT T? ^I tjEI <IeJ -^TT -II -<T' ^eT? 
 
 sal- mis a - tu - ra a - na Ninua alu belu- ti ya 
 joeacefully I retwiied to Nineveh, the city of my dominion. 
 
 63. ET m m t<H? ^T -^-V <MEII s£:?s T— T? T- 
 
 ma - al - ki qabal tam- ti va sarri a - sib 
 
 Kings in the midst of the sea, and kings dwelling 
 
 V <T5^ ^T? V ^^ < ^T< 62. t^yy ^y .^y i^ ^ ^y< ^y? 
 
 sa- de - e sa- qu -u- ti da - na -an ip -se- ti ya 
 
 in the lofty mountains, these my mighty 
 
 ..y ^y yr ^y< 63. ty? -^ ^jn Ey tH -Ey -y<y -II < ►^T< 
 
 an- na -a- ti e -mu-ru va ip - la - hu bel-u- ti 
 
 deeds saw, and feared my i^ower. 
 
 64. y cEyf <iEy ^^ m < ^h» <* T? ^jm ^yyy^ y? b]1 
 
 Ya - ki - in - lu - u sar A - ru - u - a - da 
 
 Yakinlu king of Arvad, 
 
 65. y -^ Ey- 1^ sE^m <^ - T? -E! 66. £yy y? ►^y j:^ I— 
 
 Mu - gal- lu sar Tab-a- la sa a - na sarri 
 
 Mngallu king of Tubal, ivho to the kings 
 
 cEyy-— tEy? -Ey s^ee i e?. -y<y^ -s^ i yj -^y ^y lETng] ^Ey? 
 
 abi ya la kan-su ik -nu-su a - na niri ya 
 
 my fathers ivere not submissive, submitted to my yoke. 
 
 68. ts t> y— tEyy ^y ^yyy t^ : -^ 69. <y.]fcu 
 
 binti zi - it lib - bi su-nu va 
 
 The daughters proceeding from their bodies, and 
 
 / 
 
70 ASSURE ANIPAL. 
 
 ^???? ?{< ►-T< ET 4-T *iSL -TT 70. n ^y ^y? e??< ^^ 
 
 tir - ha - ti ma- ha - as - si a - na e - pis sal 
 
 their great doivries, for concu- 
 
 tuglu -u- ti a- na Ninua u -bi - hi - niv -va 
 
 hlnes to Nineveh they brought, and 
 
 ^W ^T * <T- tit^ <tEyy tey? 72. ^y? ^t^y y -^ ^y. .£gyy 
 
 u - na-as- si- qii sepi ya e - H Mu-gal- h 
 
 kissed my feet. Over Mugallu 
 
 ^]B "<' EtTT T— tv T— 73. Ey Kyy sy ^^y \^ ^y< 
 
 susi rabati ma - da - at - tu mat- ti 
 
 great horses the tribute of the country 
 
 m^ m^ £T ^yyy^ IeII s:^'^? ^] \ n. <cy^ ^^y 
 
 u - sam -ma u - kin ziru - us -su ul - tu 
 
 the sum I fixed upon him. From 
 
 y m] <M sE^m IeII < cESs ^-^ T? ^jn t&, gyy 
 
 Ya - ki - in - hi - u sar A - ru - ad - da 
 
 YaJcinlu king of Arvad 
 
 75. s=y? y>- K<y \- i y y? ^yy^ ►^y (^i^.y) m 
 
 e - mi - du mata su A - zi - ba - (ha) - al 
 / took away his county. Azihahal, 
 
 76. y y? - -^y ^-I m T Tf ^ :«: -^T A-T i=I<I 
 
 A - bi - ba - ha - al A - du - ni - ba - ha - al 
 
 Ahibahal, and Ado7iihahal, 
 
 77. ts y— y EEy? m^^im< i? i- e< «if *T -5^^ 
 
 abh Ya - ki - in - hi - u a - sib qabal tarn - ti 
 
 sons of Yakinlu, dwelling in the midst of the sea, 
 
 78. <!=y^ ^£Ey t<7K} ^y -^^ ^]} jy <n £T 79. ^y ^y< 
 
 ul - tu qabal tam- ti e -su-niv-va it - ti 
 
 from the midst of the sea arose, and with 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 71 
 
 s£m ^th -T< I '^ --H s^TTTT -^ ^^1^ -£^TT 1^ <n El 
 
 ta -mar- ti su-nu ka - bit - tu il - li -ku-niv-va 
 tJieii' numerous presents came and 
 
 80. s^yri^ ^T ^ <|^ :r!;=: <£ett ^m si. y t? -H^ -^I A»T ^ 
 
 u - na -as- si - qu sepi ya A - zi - ba - ha - al 
 
 kissed my feet. Azibahal 
 
 }}< U^T 5?= ';t eT 82. If ^y ^-i^ < ^y< \- y? ^jn kt ^TT 
 
 ha-dis ap - pa -lis va a- na sar -u- ti A- ra - ad- da 
 
 gladly I received^ and to the kingdom of Arvad 
 
 s -TA-HpfT 83. f ]] ti -^T ^m u}^)^ --T ^m 
 
 as - kun * A - bi - ba - al A - du - ni - ba - al 
 
 appointed Ahihahal and Ado)iibahal; 
 
 84. ]gu ^ ^T< 4itfc ^ seiSii 4^ I— ilii^i 
 
 lu - bill - ti bir - mi * -» * * semiri * * * * 
 
 costly clothing * * * * rings * * * * 
 
 85. . .^n HfT<lf tETf ii^l^ 86. I tV^ tEH :V^ j^55 
 ina mah. - ri ya * * * * Gu - ug - gu sar 
 
 in my presence * * * * Gyges king of 
 
 \^ Igj ^r <yif: 87. ^T iv^ < V :«: As^tE -<T< T? ::tr -^T 
 
 Lu-ud- di na - gu -u sa ni - bir - ti ab - ba 
 
 Lydia, a district ivhich is across the sea, 
 
 ^ ^jn 1III ^TTT^ titi 88. "gTr jf^S T— EET T— tETf -ET 
 
 as - ru rn - u - qu sa sarri abi ya la 
 
 a remote j9/ctc<!', of tvhich the kings my fathers had not 
 
 ^]] ^ ^W -<7K -TT<T -^ I 89. :s m ^^m -I< :^Elf 
 
 is - mu - u zik - ri sum su ni - bit saru - ti ya 
 
 heard speak of its name. TJie account of my gratid 
 
 -Til --I< - -14 <t- ^W Ji^tn -Tr<T ET HA -T --T -s^ Tf 
 
 kap- ti ina suttu u - sap - ri va Assur Ilu ba -nu a 
 
 kingdom in a dream ivas related to him by Assur, the God my creator, 
 
72 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 90. tryn t] <m mmmm 91- - -n^ £??< H4 <tt 
 
 lira - ma niri ***** ina zi - kar [suttu 
 
 thus: "the yoke * * * * In rememhrance [of 
 
 -T ^ -SET] <^IT ti:m -T< m} ^n --! *T ^*T -^ -lA <t- 
 
 an - ni - tu] niri saru - ti ya iz]- ba -tu im-mu suttu 
 that dream] the yoke of my kingdom he had taken]. The day he 
 
 92. H ^ -B] -]} -^ ^jn Eiw t> ^^- I :^TT ^- KIT 
 
 an - ni - tu e - mu - ru rak - bu su is - pu - ra 
 
 saw that dream his messenger he sent 
 
 93. If ^] V A-T -111 <?^??H T- m\ E^ -TT4 EIHU T? T? 
 
 a- na sa- ha - al salim -mi ya Gi - mir - ai 
 
 to pray for my friendship, The Cimmerians, 
 
 £:s ^ -s t^^ 94. [-grr -ET idj] -£T -T<T m t— ^et? 
 
 nakiri aq - zu [sa la ip] - la - hu abi ya 
 
 extreme rebels, who feared not my fathers 
 
 iVM tET? T? <T- -ET ^T -"^T ^T <^ir si^S -^T< ^ 
 
 va ya -a- si la is- ba -tu niri saru - ti ya 
 and me, and took not the yoke of my kingdom. 
 
 Column III, Lines 1 to 4. 
 1. [. g ^y< _y^ ^] _y ^-^y ^jj y_ .^yr 
 
 [Ina tugul- ti Assur va] Maruduk beli ya 
 
 In the service of Assur and Merodach my lords, 
 
 [ik - su - ud ina is] - qa - ti si - ga - ri 
 
 he took, and in fetters a7id chains 
 
 m^ ^T T- A->ffl ET 3. [^y ^y< ^yyy tyy^ ^y< i 
 
 u - tam - mi - ih va [it - ti ta - mar] - ti su 
 
 he hound and [_with] his numerous 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 73 
 
 ka - bit - ti u -se-bi - la a- cli mail - ri ya 
 
 iwesents, he sent to my j)^'csence 
 
 (T} ^T ET m B1) -^I --T -lA -T I) 
 
 (a -tarn- ma- ru da - na - an Assur Ilu su) 
 {[ saw the i^ower of Assur his God). 
 
 K, 2675, Eeverse, Lines 13 to 31. 
 
 13. T tv^ i^^ sM^ <^ ISI '^T <1^ ^I ^-^ ^W 
 
 Gu - gu sar Lu - ud - di na - gu - u 
 
 Gyges king of Lydia, a district 
 
 :#: A^tE ^]< I? tt] -^T * ^jn ^jn =^!TT- ^^ 14. -gyT 
 
 ni - bir - ti ab - ba as - ru ru - u - qu sa 
 
 across the sea, a remote p/ac?, ofivhich 
 
 S:m T— T? -£^Tr -- -^11 -TT<T ^eT T— ^eTJ ^eT 
 
 sarri a - li - kut mah - ri abi ya la 
 
 the kings going before me, my fathers, had not 
 
 c<yy ^ tyyyt t< «i ^yy<y -^ i is. c^^ tyyyy j:^ ^y< ::Eyf 
 
 is - mu - u zik - ri sum su ni - bit saru - ti ya 
 
 heard speak of its name. The account of my great kingdom 
 
 kap- ti ina suttu u - sap - ri su va Assur Ilu 
 
 i)i a dream was related to him by Assur, the God 
 
 -^y ^ tyyy^ y? i6. t^yyy Ey "gyy y -V :f t? s^^sf 
 
 ba -nu- u a um -ma sa Assur -bani- pal sar 
 
 my creator, thus: "Of Assurbanipcd king 
 
 Assur hi - suli - ti Assur sar Hi bel jJ-ion^ 
 
 of Assyria, the beloved of Assur king of the Gods, lord 
 
 1. 
 
74 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <m -!!<! 1 7. <fETT T— m ^- ^!< I }} ^£) ci5S -^TT 
 
 gim- ri niri ru - bu - ti su za-batva saru - su 
 
 of all; his ^jrincely yoke take, his majesty 
 
 ^IITT ^ITr< B] tvgE <"T^ -£1 T? ^ i^Tk n^n 18. -gTT ^T? £??< 
 
 pit - luh va zu - ul - la - a bi - kit su sa e - pis 
 
 reverence and submit to his dominion. By makiiig 
 
 ^^T < ^T< < -^T <I< « STT tey --T< t<%< -^TT IeJ m 
 
 ardu-u- ti va na -din man- da - at - ti lil - li -ku- us 
 obeisance and giving tribute may thy words 
 
 -^IT ct^ *4^- -::Id 19. *T '^ -TA <-- --T ^ -sIT 
 
 su - up - pu ka im - mu suttu an - ni - tu 
 
 come to hini." The day he saiv that 
 
 e - mu - ru a - na sa - ha - al salim - mi ya 
 dream, to iway for my friendship, 
 
 ESS s^yy -*^ -yyy- 1 =^yy ^- &yy y? <y* -si -yy<y m] 
 
 ra - gab- u su is - pu - ra a - di mah - ri ya 
 his messenger he sent to my ^jresence. 
 
 
 20. t^ ^]]A ^m E^yy Vi y? -^ -yy<y -s^yy ^- < -<v 
 
 Gi - mir - ra - ai mu- dal - li - pu-u- ti mata 
 Cimmerians, imsters of his count ly, 
 
 I >- EH< s ^y ?}< -yy<y -^y^ m -^-v] -.^yy -y<y^ i jsyy 
 
 su ina kir-bi tarn -ha- ri bal - du - us - su ik -su- da 
 in tJie midst of war, alive Jiis hand 
 
 jyn I 21. c^y ^i< ^in tyr^ ^y< i ^cH ^yyyy ^y y? ^y 
 
 qati su it - ti ta - mar - ti su ka - bit -tu a - na 
 
 had taken. With numerous presents, to 
 
 m.\ m -^yy -^ m -<v ttv, m^ v =;4^y ^^ ^y 
 
 Ninua alu bi - lu - ti ya u - se - bil - av - va 
 
 Nineveh the city of my dominion, he sent and 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 75 
 
 ^TTT^ -^T S II <EETT ttVj 22. y ^^ ^y 
 
 u 
 
 in t-F' 
 
 - na - as - siq sejDi ya 
 kissed my feet, 
 
 Mu - gal - li sar 
 
 Mufjallu king of 
 
 « 
 
 (blank) r? T- Ag= V I? CS: V <]^ i^^t^t^i -T< 
 (blank) a - sib har-sa-a-ni sa- di pa -as- qu -u- ti 
 (blank) dwelling in the forests and rugged mountains, 
 
 abi ya kakki 
 
 my fathers had sent fighting men, 
 
 2TT }\ ]} ^r< 24. <^ cTi? 
 
 da za - a - ti ki - rib 
 
 depredations, ivithin 
 
 ^IT It ^ I 5^>m 
 
 sa a - na sarri 
 
 loho against the kings 
 
 23. 
 
 m ^- ^jn j^Tf 5^ * 
 
 sit - pu - rii e - tap- pa - lu 
 and had increased 
 
 mati su hat - ti im - qut sn va pii - lull - ti saru - ti ya 
 his country fear struck him, and the terror of my kingdom 
 
 !=T -TM I E! 25. -^T M -T? EH< £<HJ -I laJ -IB^T 
 
 is - hup su va ba - lu e - pis qabal kakki tahaz 
 
 overwhelmed him. Without making tvar, fghting, and battle, 
 
 T? -^T mil <m ^IT y- t<^T £T -ITT= ^ -ET I? 
 
 a- na 
 to 
 
 Ninua 
 Nineveh 
 
 IS - pu - rav - va 
 he sent, and 
 
 u - zal - la - a 
 submitted to 
 
 26. t^y^ V &IT T 
 
 susi rabati 
 
 Great horses 
 
 bi - lu - u - ti 
 m?/ dominion. 
 
 [EI s!i] cET -^i ^! f IT? *-* -i< I -in^ m m ^m s<i i 
 
 [ma- da] - at - tu na -dan mat- ti su u -kin zi - ru - us -su 
 the tribute given by his country I fixed upon him. 
 
 27. T ^T<T^ <IEI m -W ^:?S "<" <T-TI<T ^TIT- 1? t?TT I? I- 
 
 Ik - ki - lu .- u sar Ar - u - a - da a - sib 
 
 ikkda king of Arvad, dwelling 
 
76 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 E^IT ^ S -<]< E<K? *T -t^^ 28. -gyy <^ t] ]]< - 
 
 ra -pa- as - ti qabal tarn- ti sa ki -ma nunu ina 
 
 afar off, in the midst of the sea; icho, like a fish in 
 
 \\ T— -ET ^ ^E :=: W^m ??< -T? <T* ^]} -TI? ^ 
 
 me la ni - i - bi * * * ha e - de - e dan - ni 
 
 the boundless ivaters * * * lo7ig{?) time(?) the 
 
 sit -ku-nii ru - tu sa eli (v. e - li) tam- ti 
 
 place (?) ivas; who over the great 
 
 Bh -E! ^r< -B m m- ET -E! f ni -t^ i r? -^t ^ ^e -th 
 
 gal- la - ti i - lu - u va la kit -nil -su a- na ni - i - ri 
 sea roamed, and -was not submissive to the yoke 
 
 30. ^ IeU < ^T< m -W ET T? ^T ^T? eH< -^T -T< ^eT? 
 
 bi- lu -n- ti lu - u va a- na e -pis ardu - ti ya 
 of my dominion. Noiv, to _29e7yb7'm my service 
 
 ^W ^ m £T -£ iT c^TT -^1 "^W^ 31. <r, -TTAT— 
 
 ik -nu- us va i -su- da ab-sa-a- ni hurazi 
 
 he submitted, and he executed my jyleasure. Gold, 
 
 IeIIe -TTTf T— IeIIe<^^ T— H< T— -T<T T— *-" -<T< 
 
 sarad sami sarad zalmi nuni izzuri mat- ti 
 
 green paint, black paint, fishes and birds, of tlie country 
 
 AW- £T ^TIT^ IeII -T? -eSTT I 
 
 sam -ma u - kin e - li su 
 the sum I fixed over him. 
 
 Fragment of Cylinder E, Lines 1 to 12. 
 
 1. 1? ^T <^t ^^W -t tt]] A\} T— *^^ ^ET? 
 
 A - na me - sir mati ya nisi mati ya 
 
 To the border of my country the men of my country 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 77 
 
 -T mm 2. « -7^ T- ^T? cET ^ni t? -m < -!<t^ y- i-w] 
 
 iz * * * man-nume- e at - ta a-liu-u ig - bu [u] 
 
 * * * "luho art thou brother f' they said; 
 
 3. £TT £T --T< £1 E^m E^T! '^^ ^W *■ EST! I^- t^^ -ET 
 
 sa ma- ti -ma ra -gab- u da -rag- gu la 
 
 '' of wliat placed " The messenger the road took not 
 
 ^\] IeJ ^I T? -^! <gl WT? ^<^ ^ tET?] 5. r; -^y t^o:! <M 
 
 is -ku-na a- na ki -[rib mati ya] a- na Ninua 
 
 to the midst of [my country^ to Nineveh 
 
 -tiT -< m -<v m] mmmm e. ^nyc ^ lai :?? i 
 
 alu bi - 111 - ti ya * * * * u - bi - lu - ni su 
 
 the city of my dominion * * * * they brought him 
 
 - -mi [-n<T ^Ey?] 7. ^tifci y^— ^£yy ^y h ^] <T- 
 
 ina mall - [ri ya] lisani zi - it sam- si 
 
 into \jny^ presence. The languages of the rising of the sun {east) 
 
 ^]\ m i-\ ^T <w 8. BT -TA ^!TT- 1] mm< 
 
 e - rib [sam- si] sa Assur u -ma- al - lu -u 
 
 and the setting of the sun (west), which Assur had committed to 
 
 [^ -£Ey < yj] 9. ^ tfeyyy ^tiigf i <ty^ idj <y- eT -m I 
 
 [qa- tu -u-a] be- el lisan su ul ib - si va lisan su 
 
 \jny hand\ A master of his language there was not, his tongue 
 
 * * * * la i - sim - mu - u * * * * 
 
 * * * * they could not understand * * * * 
 
 11. <ty^ ^£Ey <- i^.yyy< t^ mmim 12. siy-<T< 
 
 ul - tu me - sir mati * * * * it - ti 
 
 from the border of * * * * loith 
 
 su u - bi - [la] * . * * * 
 him he brought * *■ * * 
 
78 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 These texts differ in some important points ; the earliest one, 
 K, 2675, does not mention either the submission of Tyre, the tribute 
 of Sandasarmi of Cilicia, or the revolt of Gyges and Psammitichus. 
 Cylinder B, which was written during the war with Saulmugina, 
 describes the submission of Tyre, but omits the Cilician tribute and 
 revolt of Gyges and Psammitichus, All these events are narrated 
 on Cylinder A, which was written later than either of the other 
 texts. From these facts, and the statement that Miluhha (Ethiopia) 
 revolted with Saulmugina (Cylinder A, col. iv, 1. 35), I judge that the 
 revolt of Gyges and Psammitichus took place at the time of the 
 general rising against Assyria, in which Saul-mugina the king's 
 brother was concerned. The fragment of Cylinder E is part of an 
 account of the reception of the envoy of Gyges king of Lydia. 
 (Pisamilki king of Egypfc is the Psammitichus of the Greeks, hier. 
 
 \^K fo5.J.^-r^ f-PSv^^) Psametik). One copy of Cylinder A 
 
 writes this name Y *^^^] ^ j*- ^^YY ^T^Y, Tu-sa-mi-il-ki; the first 
 character here is so evidently a mistake that I have not inserted it 
 as a variant. On Tablet K, 3402, the two Egyptian wars having 
 been given as one, the war with Bahal of Tyre is called the second 
 expedition, instead of the third. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 79 
 
 PAET V. 
 
 Tlie Conquest of Ka7'bit. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of this expedition are Cylinder B, col. iii, lines 5 to 
 15 ; K, 2675, reverse, lines 6 to 12 ; and a fragment of Cylinder E, 
 lines 1 to 10. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column III, Lines 5 to 15. 
 
 5- [- V ^T? EH<] -TM tt]] T? -^T -^TT £{?< - 
 
 [Ina arbe- e gar]- ri ya a- na Kar-bat ^^ • 
 
 [_ln myfourtJi] expedition to Karhat 
 
 6- [<^ m -^n ??< -s^in '^Tf ?f< ^sn t^TTT iEii< till ifcr 
 
 [ki - rib Ha- le] - e -ha- az - ta lu -u al - hk 
 
 in Halehasta I ivent. 
 
 [Ta - an - da - ai] niru -^ su-nu ana sarri '^ c-A^ ^ 
 
 [^Tandai^ their chief to the kiiigs ^'♦^ 
 
 tt) T— ^EI? 8. [^ET !.ii! ^ H? -^!] ^Il£ingl < -Iff — 
 
 abi ya [la kit-nu-su a- na] niri va nisi 
 
 my fathers [had not been submissive to^ the yoke, and the men 
 
 n <l- V- ^T< -tyy tm ^ 9. [-ty y? y? ^^y 
 
 a - si - bii - ti Kar - bat [ka - ay - an 
 
 dwelling in Karbat [constantly^ were 
 
 A-m j^yyy ^^f --y -m -y<y *^- ^y <^ ^^y? -y<yA -^y -t] 
 
 all] - ta -nab- ba - tu hu - bu -ut mati ya mut - ba - la 
 carrying off the plunder of my country. 
 
80 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 (v. ^£gjT) 10. [^ iej ^i<] ^^]^ ^tm < -I -a 
 
 (v. li) [ina tugulti] Assur Bel va Nabu 
 
 \^Tn the service^ of Assur, Bel, and Nebo, 
 
 11. MT Ef?< ^ m V -&] jr ^T * M -£! t- ^-^ -^!T 
 
 [Kar-bat al -mi ak] -su-ud as- lu -la sal-lat su 
 [Karhat I besieged^] I captured, I carried off its spoil. 
 
 12. t£!TI -I m If !? £kS -II] -tlT I 7^ 13. [-i^K m -M] 
 
 [Ta - an - da - ai] niru su-nu [bal - du- su 
 
 [Tandai] their chief [alive 
 
 . i_y ^T< t£« ^ ET] !=i<j ^y yj yj -^y X- ..-V <^ 
 
 ina qa - ti az - bat va] al - qa - a a - na Assur 
 
 in hand I took, and^ brought to Assyria; 
 
 14. [ty}n— -%]]] -ET S MI lai 15. [f£ ^I <IeI ^it? 
 
 [nisi sa] la as - lu - lu [i - na ki - rib] 
 
 [the peop>le] ivhom I had not carried off [hito the midst o/"] 
 
 \^] -^ <:: ^w V ^^ ^iiii 
 
 Mu- zur u - sa - az - bit 
 Egypt I caused to be taken. 
 
 K, 2675, Reverse, Lines 6 to 12. 
 
 6- -^11 E?{< -< "gll <IeI ^n? -^11 ??< -^IT -I? W -^. s^TII 
 
 Kar-bat sa ki -rib Ha- le - e -ha- az - ta 
 
 Karbat, ivhich in Ilalehazta 
 
 T t?II t^IIT JI ^ >-.£IT 7. t yn I— I? I- ^III I i-tU 
 
 na - da - ta su -bat su nisi a -sib lib su eli 
 
 is situated, the people dwelling in it, to 
 
 X< y~. I ^ tyy. ^.^ ^yyy^ ^y< t^ igj t] -El ^IIII Igll -I<T 
 
 sadi su-nu mar - zu - u - Li tak - lu va la pit - lu - liu 
 their rugged mountains trusted, and feared not the 
 
ASSUHBANIPAL. 
 
 81 
 
 ^ ^y?^ \- ^>W B. T ^ITT -T ^TI T? T? ^:^ -II -^H I ^t^ 
 
 bi - lilt A^ur 
 poiver of Assyria. 
 
 su-nu 
 icho 
 
 V Ty "^^T 5^5ST^ 
 
 sarri 
 kings 
 
 sa a - na 
 to the 
 
 Ta - an - da - ai mm 
 
 Tandia their chief, 
 
 tB] y^ tt]} -t] -ITT ^ I T? -^T 
 
 abi ya la kit-nu-su a - na 
 
 my fathers ivas not submissive to the 
 
 € -TT<T 
 
 ni - 1 - n 
 
 yoke, 
 
 -]<] ^- ^T '-* ^ETf -T<T4 --T -ET 
 
 hu - bu - ut mati ya mut - ba - la 
 the plunder of my country 
 
 <H n T? -T ^"TTT t^lTT ^^J --^T -m m- -^f^???? -TT<T ^- 
 
 ka - ay - an 
 constantly 
 
 ib - ta -nab- ba - tu 
 they carried off, 
 
 u - sab - ri - bu 
 and toasted 
 
 T T- -T? I 
 
 na - me - e su 
 its 2woduce. 
 
 10. gE I Hf ^ ^]} ^T< -T ^T T? -<< 
 
 as-su ip -se- e - ti an - na - a - ti 
 About these things. 
 
 :£ T— ^B -T <^ 4-n j?fT R< Iffl ^ ET -TIT- ^ I@J < 
 
 abli Dur - il 
 
 the sons of Duril 
 
 im - (la -ha-ru-ni va u -sal-lu-u 
 besought me, and supjjlicated 
 
 - m «) -<T< 11- E^ JT '^T -' 
 
 bi - lu - (u) - ti su - ut - 
 my power. My 
 
 =TT:^T— ^ETf 
 
 saki ya 
 generals, 
 
 -T<Tv T— <-^Id I -^ -W ET A~T : 
 
 sanuti eli su - nu u - ma - hi - 
 the prefects over them, I sent. 
 
 ir Kar - bat 
 and Karbat 
 
 -y<y^ jy -;<y ^yy j^yy ^^y ^\]} y^ \ 
 
 ik - su - dii is - lu - la nisi su 
 they captured, and carried off its people. 
 
 12. pTHT'— 
 
 nisi 
 The people 
 
 -^TT T— V -SET V- <IeT -m 
 
 alani sa - tu - nu ki - sit - 
 of those cities cajjtured by 
 
 -T< JTtt ^ETf 
 
 ti qati ya 
 my hand 
 
 M 
 
82 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 as - suh va ki - rib Mu - zur u - sa- 
 
 / removed, and into Egypt caused 
 
 hsi -tttt 
 
 az - bit 
 to he taken. 
 
 Fragment of Cylinder E, Lines 1 to 9. 
 
 1. \_^:xi &TI] <ri^ I -W &TT "^IT ^^- ; -T 
 
 [qu - ra] - di su u - ra - si - bu ina kaki 
 ^_X His warriors they destroyed "' with the sword; 
 
 2. [c^y^] y^ ty^ y^ tgyy ^y} ^ 3. [tv \<] ^.^yy 
 
 imiri alpi ze - e - iii [sal-lat] su 
 
 asses, oxen, and sheep, its spoil in 
 
 -tH -TUT -m ^]]mm i'^ 4. [y <iEi] tyy? 
 
 ka - bit - tu is - lu - lu - u - ni [ana ki] - rib 
 
 abundance they carried off to the midst of 
 
 V ^^v <m 5. [y jtyyy ..y] t^yy y? yj t:^ igmgl I ^ 
 
 Assur [Ta - an] - da - ai niru su-nu 
 
 Assyria. Tandia their chief 
 
 -i^V m -^IT - •*-! -^I< 6. [ty -^y] ^siy :?? ctt ]gj < Cr^ 
 
 bal - du - su ina qa - ti [iz - ba] - tu - ni ub - lu -u - ni 
 
 alive in hand they took, and brought 
 
 \} <T* -tElI -TT<T m] 7. [ty?? M ^W -^TT T— ^ 
 
 a - di mah - ri ya [nisi] sa alani 
 
 to my presence, [The people] of those cities 
 
 I -^ ^]< tSiE -v JT 8. [t£ ^y] <iEy tHf v -^ <::: 
 
 su-nu- ti as - suh [i - na] ki - rib Mu-zur 
 
 1 removed, and • into the midst of Egypt 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 83 
 
 u - sa - az - bit 
 / caused to he taken. 
 
 9. [ty?f y.^ tT] <ST ^£T? "gTT ^* V 
 
 [nisi iz]-bam ya sa mat sa 
 Men of my how, of countries which 
 
 ^ -i^ £T 10- [-E -^I -^IT] 
 
 zal - ti va 
 were conquered 
 
 [i - na] 
 
 m 
 
 t}}< 
 
 > — < 
 
 ► — < 
 
 ^" <"-£ 
 
 Kar- 
 
 ■ bi - 
 
 it va 
 
 Karhat 
 
 ; and 
 
 alaiii 
 its cities, 
 
 su u - se - sib 
 / placed. 
 
 The campaign against Karbit, or Karbat, is the least important 
 of Assurbanipal's expeditions. We find again some copies claiming 
 the expedition for the king ; but there is no doubt, from the 
 statements of K, 2675, and Cylinder E, that an Assyrian general 
 commanded. As the captives were transported to Egypt, this cam- 
 paign must have taken place before the revolt of Psammitichus. 
 Karbat appears to have been situated in the mountains east of the 
 Tigris, and between Assyria and Elam. 
 
 koMl 
 
84 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART VI. 
 
 The War with Minni. '^ 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 There are two principal texts to this expedition ; Cylinder A, 
 col. iii, lines 43 to 82, and Cylinder B, col. iii, line 16, to col. iv, 
 line 14. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column III, Lines 43 to 82. 
 
 43. ► V tT? E??< ^n<T ^ET? tET <IeJ ^? AT? ^ET? 
 
 Ina arbe- e gar - ri ya ad - ki ummani ya 
 In my fourth expedition, I gathered my army ; 
 
 44. <^tH T A-^ ^ ^]] -m (V- KTT) !£^ V « -^\ Tf T? 
 
 eli Ah - se - e - ri (v. ra) sar Man- na - ai 
 
 against Ahhseri king of Minni 
 
 45. 5^r ^i <« V ttir A* EtiT ^ 46. ^ <iej ctttt ha 
 
 ^(XK '^^ -te- es-se- ra ranr - ra -nu ina ki - bit Assur 
 
 / directed the march. By command of Assur, 
 
 -7-11 
 
 H«< -V\ -TA4f -^TII -T-Q 47. 
 
 Sin Samas Yul Bel Nabu 
 
 Sin, Shamas, Vul, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 ^K! <l£j -T ^Id 'TT- ^ITT -^ -TI<T 48. 
 
 Ninua Ilu sar - rat Kit-mu- ri 
 Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 t^ --] m -T + -T <*IT --T ^m 49. <igf tTT? 
 
 Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku ki - rib 
 
 Arhela, Ninip, Nergal, and Nusku ; into 
 
 -T <V/ 
 
 "gn 
 
 Istar 
 
 sa 
 
 Ishtar 
 
 of 
 
 -T <V/ 
 
 •gn 
 
 Istar 
 
 sa 
 
 Ishtar 
 
 of 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 85 
 
 *^^ « -^! T? T? «=T? im tifc £T ::ET -!!<T -JOI tV | 
 
 Man- na - ai e - ru - \\h va at - tal - lak sal -dis 
 Minni I entered and inarched victoriously ; 
 
 50. ^^rr y.^ I !.fr, ^ ^t< t? <t* ^s t— v cw: >=£ ^t 
 
 alani su dan-nu- ti a- di ziliruti sa ni - i - ba 
 his strong cities and smaller ones, which ivere 
 
 -ET -£ iT < 51. r? <l^ m m -::TT ^E -<^ ^T (v. ►^T<) 
 
 la i -su-u a- di ki -rib I - zir -tu (v. ti) 
 
 luithout number, to the midst of Izirtu^ 
 
 -B Mi ^T (^- ^-" ^0 52. --r ^ ^0 ^yy ^ ..y ^y jf. 
 
 ak - su -ud (v. aksud) ab - bul ag - gur ina isati 
 
 / took; I threiv doivn, destroyed, and in the fire 
 
 -B -^ ^\]\ T— ^!^ ^^ E^TT T— 53. c^ysE \ 
 
 I ak - mu nisi susi imiri 
 
 / burned. People, horses, asses, 
 
 A^ I— &/ m AW <-y^ -eet <iij ^iT? -tn t 
 
 alpi zeni ul - tu ki - rib alani 
 
 oxen, and sheep, from the midst of those 
 
 54. V \} ^Egy ^ !=yyy!. ^ ?f ^ ey tv -Ey y :r^ r?^ 
 
 sa - a - tu - nu u - se za - av - va sal - la - tis am - nu 
 cities I brought out, and as a sp>oil I counted. 
 
 55. T A-m ^ A\ -IT<T \) m EH< -n<T ^Ey? ^yy y- ty? sy 
 
 Ah -se-e - ri a - lak gar- ri ya is -me- e va 
 Ahseri of the progress of my expedition heard; and 
 
 _ 56. tyyyc + h^ -^yy ^t ►<^ ^] -tyy sess «) '-r< I 
 
 ij,'M^ u -vas- ser I - zir -tu alu sar - (u) - ti su 
 
 abando7ied Izirtu his royal city ; 
 
 57. y? ^y ►^yy c^yy jtyyy ^Ey -<]< -t]] m ^]< i 
 
 a - na Is - ta - at - ti alu tuglu - ti su 
 
 to Istatti his castle he 
 
86 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^^w ^y tlTTT £T 58. tT? ^t<T ^-T<T ^TT- m -^ 
 
 in - na - bit va e - hu - uz mar - ki - tu 
 
 Jled, and took refuge. 
 
 na - gu -u su-a-tu ak -su-ud ma-lak lOim-mi 5 im-mi 
 
 That district I took; for fifteen days' journey 
 
 ^w -t^f^?ff? ^m (V. -m Id]) ET 60. V tx^ t^m ei -m 
 
 u - sah -rib (v. ri - ib) va sa- qu - um -ma- tu 
 
 / laid waste, and the highlands 
 
 tEl V- ^SH 61. r A-TIT ^ -1} -Tr<T -ET ^ ^T (V. !^yTT<) 
 
 ad - bu - uk Ah -se-e- ri la pa -lah (v. luh) 
 
 / conquered. Ahseri not fearing 
 
 -II -<T< m} 62. ^ T? \< .^T <\V T? <T- -< -t -T <© 
 
 belu- ti ya ina a -mat Istar a - si -bat Arba- il 
 
 my power, hy the will of Ishtar dwelling in Arhela, 
 
 V <^v ^] -rT<T ^n <T- ^5^ ^- < 63. erm ei t? -^t 
 
 sa ul -tu re - e - si tag - bu-u um -ma a- na - ku 
 
 who from the first had spohen thus: "/ am 
 
 <- ^T .^T T ^.>fflf ^ ^T? ^n<T Jh5 "-^ « -^T T? T? 
 
 mi- tu - tu Ah -se-e - ri sar Man-na - ai 
 
 the destroyer of Ahseri, king of Minni." 
 
 64. <IeJ tE V -B V- ^W IdJ ^^- 5^ - JTn -^T T— I 
 
 ki - i sa ag - bu - u ip - pu - us ina qati ardi su 
 Whe7ilhad commanded it, it was accomplished. Into the hands of his 
 
 65. ^r -^ iT ET s^in T— ^-^ I ■'^IT -T<T <-=:Id I 
 
 tam - nu su va nisi mati su si - hu eli su 
 
 servants she delivered him, a.nd the people of his country a revolt 
 
 m^ ^u JT < 66. ^ ►.. ^^n I E^m V <nT eHTTT I 
 
 u - sab -su-u ina tarzi alu su sa - lam - ta su 
 
 against him made, and in front of his city his attendants threw 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 87 
 
 id - du - u 
 down and 
 
 67. 
 
 da - as - sa - rii pa - gar su 
 
 m 
 
 t07^e m joieces 
 
 his corpse. 
 
 ESS* J— I ieiiv^ I 68. -i^m^t] I tTTittin-<iEj -eit 
 
 ahi su kin-nu su ziri bit abi su u - sam - ki - tu 
 
 His hivthers, his relatives, and the seed of the house of his father, they 
 
 ina kakki arku U - (a) - al - li - i 
 
 destroyed with the sword. Afterwards Vaalli 
 
 !=£ I -IIT= I- - (^- !=£ -^D M t?^^ ?? I 70. ^ ^T H 
 
 ablu su u -sib ina (v. i-na) kuzzu su 
 
 his son sat on his throne ; 
 
 HA -|«< H*T -T44f -^TII -T-0 
 
 Assur Sin Samas Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 Assur, Sin, SJumias, Vul, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 da - na - an 
 the power of 
 
 71. 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 sa Ninua Ilu sar - rat Kit -mu- ri 
 of Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 XX H <m -\ + -T <«^yT -I ^m 73. 
 
 Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Arhela, Ninip, Nergal, and Nusku, 
 
 72. 
 
 Istar sa 
 Ishtar of 
 
 TT 
 
 -TT— EM' 
 
 Hi rabati 
 
 the great Gods 
 
 beli < ya 
 
 my lords. 
 
 e - mur 
 he saiv. 
 
 ^riElI!g|(v.:«:-!H)tET? 
 
 (v. ni - ri) ya 
 
 nin 
 
 my yoke. 
 
 va ik - nu - sa a - na 
 and submitted to 
 
 74. gE I -^] \< ^TI^ ^i^Ar I 
 as -su ba -ladnapis- ti su 
 To p)rese^'ve his life 
 
 ^^ -^T TH Idf iBm ]} -W ^ -ET T? 
 
 ub - na - a su ip - ta - a u - sal - la - a 
 his hand (friendship) he offered, and besought 
 
 75. ^i trrrc ^)< 
 
 bel - u - ti 
 my power. 
 
 xd 
 
88 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 E - ri - si - in - ni ablu ri - du - (v. ridu) - ti 
 Erisinni, his eldest son, 
 
 76. T? ^I tSUT <IeJ ::^TT EV ^ t] ^W -^T * 11 
 
 a - na Ninua is - pur - av - va u - na - as - siq 
 
 to Nineveh he sent, and hissed 
 
 <^TT m} 77. ^TT<T ti? ^ <Hiy<T <I- M ^T e;;s T? IeII -£!? 
 
 sepi ya re - e -mu ar - si su va a-mir ya 
 
 my feet. Favour I granted him, and my messenger 
 
 Vf <f-H?? y 78. tHT^ tT AH Sm ^^*f (v. ^EIT ^JU) 5^ I 
 
 sa salim -mi ii -ma- hi - ir ziru - (v. zi - ru) - us-su 
 
 for friendship I sent to him. 
 
 ^^ t" c£TT ^! ^TTT ^ I 79. t^w ^ ^ -t] T? >^\ 
 
 bintu zi - it lib - bi su u - se - bi - la a - na 
 
 The daughter proceeding from his body he sent for a 
 
 ^Vr m t^ <T<m m^ ^t< so. ^r sn ^^t t^m i 
 
 e - pis sal tuglu - u - ti ma - da - at - ta su 
 
 concubine. The former 
 
 -tElI -TT<T -m V - ^^]\]] tElT tE:?s T— ^£T T— m} 
 
 mah - ri - tu sa ina tir - zi sarri abi ya 
 
 tribute, which in the time of the hi^igs my fathers 
 
 81. ^W Jl^fclJ <]i^ m t^TT ^T < ^ Tt <r5^ -SI -TT<T 
 
 u - sab - di - lu is - su - u - ni a - di mab - ri 
 they had broken off, he had brought to my jjresence. 
 
 (V. <y^) cEl? 82. «< c^ifc \-^ KH r^ <^tld El SI! (-EI) -^T< 
 
 (v mabri) ya 30 susi eli ma- da -(at) - ti 
 
 Thirty horses, beside the former 
 
 su mab - ri - ti u - rad - di va e -mid (v. mi-is) su 
 tribute, I added and fixed upon him. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 89 
 
 Cylinder B, Column III, Line 16, to Column IV, Line 14. 
 
 [Inahamsi gar- ri ya eli] Ah -se- e - ri 
 
 [/w my fifth expedition against^ Ahseri 
 
 17. [J^m ^ « ^TT?T? IeIJ <] i^HI IH is. mmM 
 
 [sar Man - na - ai lu - u] al - lik * * * * 
 
 pm^ of Minni'j I went. 
 
 ^ *^ 7^ ^P 
 
 ■5^ I 19- mmm h'< 20. me [^ «] ^t nr? 
 
 nu - su * * * * ti * * * * [Man]- na - ai 
 
 submit (?) * * * ^ ti * * * * Minni 
 
 21. w^r^^m^ ^>m 22. mmmt^ <Ytit -T ^ I^T «v^ ^P^^:^ 
 
 * * * * Assur * * * * di -va as-ku-nu * * * 
 
 * * * * Assur * * * * * and I had made * * * 
 
 23. T A-TTT ^ ^T? -TT<T Tf m m -TT<T m} J^TT T- £T] 
 
 Ah - se - e - ri a - lak gar - ri [ya is - mi va] 
 Ahseri, of the prog7'ess of\jny^ ex'pedition [Jicard, and] 
 
 24. tyyii^ ET A-T ^If &n [^?4!? U 25. ^ 
 
 u - ma - he - e - ra [umman su] ina 
 
 sent forth \_his ar7ny]. In the 
 
 « 
 
 t ^ <^ ^T =F D ►^T< 26. r? -^r i^T? EH< -iSEgf 
 
 sat mu - si tan - ni - kil - ti a - na e - pis tahaz 
 
 middle of the night, secretly to make war, 
 
 ^y v^ \p^-\ 27. r? -^T ^ -y<I y-T<T t£TT ^?A!? -t]} 
 
 it - bu - [ni] a - na mit - hu - uz - zi umniani ya 
 
 they came to fight my army. 
 
 28. ^] y.~ ^iBEET c£T? Si! -I< I tlH A-II t?IT ?}< [--Tl] 
 
 zabi tahazi ya it - ti su- un im - da -ha- [zu] 
 My men of war, with them fought, and 
 
 N 
 
90 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 29. ^]] m ^ iV <V I AY, 30. £1 tin yyy ^ ^ 
 
 is - ku - nu abikta su - un ma - lak 3 kas - pu 
 
 accomplished their overthrow. For a space of three kaspu 
 
 ij ^TTT tv [^v" -M] ^ m^ ^T m < -^^? tiH= I 
 
 ekal rag -[mat su] - nu u - mal - lu -u zer rap -su 
 o/" ground their slain jilled the wide deser^t. 
 
 31- - m -TITI -T4 -T <« H ^T -T I— ST- T— 
 
 iua ki - bit Assur Sin Sam as Hi rabati 
 
 Bij command of Assur, Sin, and Shamas, the great Gods 
 
 kk *-^lT 
 
 32. 
 
 %]] ^w ^^ mm ^"^"^ 
 
 beli ya 
 
 
 sa u - tak - ki - lu in - ni 
 
 my lords. 
 
 
 who protected me ; 
 
 <m -m <^ « -^y r? j? a} ^jn ^^ £t 33. -£t ^n<T ^jn 
 
 ki - rib Man - na - ai e - ru - ub va at - tal - lak 
 
 into Minni I entered and marched 
 
 t- T - T- -^T< -V]^ £?}< -M cEl? -tTT T? T? ^TIT^ -IT ^ 
 
 sal - dis ina mi - ti - iq gar - ri ya Ai - u - si - as 
 
 victoriously. In the progress of my expedition, Aiusias 
 
 34. ^-yy ^^ iv^ ^-yy j|: v SST -M] -^TT ^- >i£TT ^T 
 
 hal - zu Pa - sa - * * - su Bu - su - ut 
 
 the fortress, Pasa * * su Pusut, 
 
 -^TT * <T^ * -^TT IH <M CET? -^ ^T?? -J^TT ^^ ^V ==^TT 
 
 As - di - as Ur - ki - ya - mu- un Up - pi - is 
 
 Asdias, Urkiyamun, Uppis, 
 
 -tTT "^yy -y<y < y? 36. ^::yy ^y ^yyy ^ ^yy<y ])]] 
 
 Si - hu - u - a Na - zi - ni - ri 8 
 
 Sihua, and Naziniri, eight 
 
 -tTT T— ^TT? ^ '^T< 37. <y^^ y? <ys^ ceyy a--^ lin -<]< 
 
 alani dan-nu- ti va a- di zi - ih - ru - ti 
 
 strong cities, and smaller ones 
 
 (n 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 91 
 
 ^]] ^ ^t -^T -t] ^t JT < 38. Vi <T^ <IbI ^n? 
 
 sa ni - i - ba la i - sii - u a - di ki - rib 
 
 which ivere without number, to the midst of 
 
 ►::n tc -<^ ►^T< -0 .IT ^T 39. tt] 'M -B ^TT - --T -I + 
 
 I - zir - ti ak - su -iid ab - bul ag - gur ina isati 
 
 Izirtu I captured, I threw doum, destroyed, and in the fire 
 
 -B -^ 
 
 40. 
 
 -ITT 1""^ 
 
 ^]B "< &n T— 
 
 - ^]^ T' 
 
 ak - mu 
 
 
 nisi 
 
 susi 
 
 imiri 
 
 / burned. 
 
 horses. 
 
 asses, 
 
 People, 
 
 fc|^ y_. ^^ ]fcU ^y{ 41. <cy^ ^^T m -TT{ -^TT T— 
 
 alpi zeni ul - tu ki - rib alani 
 
 oxen, and sheep, from the midst of those 
 
 W n .^y ^ 42. tyyy^ -^ }} jr;^ eT t^ -eT T J=4 -j^ 
 
 sa-a- tu -nu u -se-za- av -va sal- la - tis am -nu 
 
 cities I brought out, and as a spoil I counted. 
 
 43. y A-m ^ -T? -TW W ^m EH< -TM ^eT? ^IT T- e! 
 
 Ah - se - e - ri a - lak gar - ri ya is - mi va 
 Ahseri of the progress of my expedition heard, and 
 
 44. tyyyc + ^<^ ^cyy t£ ^i^ ^y -t]\ s£SS -<T< I 
 
 u - vas - ser I - zir - tu alu saru - ti su 
 
 abandoned Izirtu, his royal city. 
 
 45. ]} ^y ^^yy tt] tt\] y? -^1 -^TT IeJ ^I< I ^=m ^\ m 
 
 a- na Ad - ra -a - na alu tugul- ti su in - na - bit 
 
 To Adrana, his castle, he fled. 
 
 46. ^y? ►y<y y^y<y ^yy^ <igf ^m 
 
 e - hu - uz mar - ki - tu 
 and tooJc refuge. 
 
 I - zir - tu 
 
 Izirtu, 
 
 :n IH h tB]} t] 47. ^t]] ^-T<T ti T? -^TT F 
 
 Ur - mi - ya - te Uz - bi - a alani 
 
 Urniiyate, and Uzbia, Jus 
 
92 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 =Tr? -^ -A< I -I<J V 48. cTH T>~ T? <T^ ^^ ^T< 
 
 dan - Du - ti su al -mi nisi a - si - bu - ti 
 
 fortified cities, I surrounded, the people dwelling in 
 
 -^\\ V T? -^T i- 49. ^]] vyi ^ El tt] \^ -^TT -j^ 
 
 alani sa - a - tu - nu e - si - ir va nap - sat su - nu 
 
 those cities I besieged, and their spirits 
 
 m^ -TI -T<T^ ^TTT^ VTN -TT<T so. ^] jv^ < ^y y? ^ggy 
 
 u - si - iq u - tir - ri na - gu - u su - a - tu 
 
 / humbled, and caused to melt away. That district I 
 
 -a JT ^! ^^T M -B -IT - -T ^T + -S -^ 
 
 ak - su - ud ab - bul ag - gur ina isati ak - mu 
 
 toolz, I thi^ew down, destroyed, and in the fire I burned. 
 
 51. ty tffl < '^y y^ w ^y y>- 
 
 ma - lak 10 im - mi 5 im - mi 
 For fifteen days journey 
 
 V ^;=: c::m ^T ^T 52. cey -i?- 1^ - y- ^]< ^w 
 
 sa- qu - um -ma-tu ad - bu - uq ina mi- ti - iq 
 
 the highlands I conquered. In the 2^'i^ogress of 
 
 £H< -Tr<T ^ET? -^TT T— V -seIT T- ^I -t]] <V <]^ -TT<I 
 
 gar- ri ya alani sa li -mi- it Pad- di - ri 
 
 my expedition, the cities which were 7iear Paddiri, 
 
 53. "iyy ^ ^^]} cEyy ^^p? r— ^eT I— '^Elf 
 
 sa ina tir - zi sarri abi ya 
 
 which in the ti7ne of the kings my fathers 
 
 \< « -^y ]] y? tyj <iEy ^ 54. yj ^y {^ q^) 
 
 Man- na - ai e - ki -mu a - na (i - di) 
 
 the Mayinians had taken, and to their own 
 
 &Ty ET Cf^ I ^ -W ^-\Wi 'On 55. ^0 jy ^y . 
 
 ra - ma - ni su - nu u - tir - ru ak - su - ud ina 
 
 (hands) had restored : I captured, in the 
 
 YYV»- 
 
 >- 
 
 ^i^^^} ^yy<y tu Ey 
 
 u 
 
 sail - ri - ib va 
 
 
 / laid waste, and 
 
SI 
 
 - ya - 
 
 ni 
 
 - IS 
 
 
 sa 
 
 At 
 
 'siyanis. 
 
 1 
 
 
 u 
 
 'liich 
 
 )9. 
 
 •gTT 
 
 
 }}< <v 
 
 -yy<y 
 
 -TT 
 
 
 sa 
 
 
 Ha- 
 
 ar 
 
 si 
 
 
 "/ 
 
 
 Harsi, 
 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 93 
 
 isati ak -mu as - lu - la sal- la - sun alani 
 
 fre I hmmed and carried off their spoil. Those 
 
 V T? -^i -5^ r? ►^T <-^ ^-Tn< <" -V <iej ^in^ y^i?? (e^id 
 
 sa-a- tu-nu a- na me- sir Assur u - tir - (ra) 
 
 cities to the boundaries of Assyria I restored. 
 
 57. ^] t-^ < -gyy ^tyy <y--yy<y ^yy tt]} ^ ^]] 58. -gyy 
 
 na - gu - u sa Ar 
 
 The district of 
 
 ti m -tyy y{ y? ^y -^y ^ 
 
 bi- rit A-ya- qa - na - ni 
 
 bounded Azaqanani 
 
 V <ys;^ tE GO. -gyy tyysif: x<]^^^ ^yy yj yj -gyy 
 
 sa- di - i sa ris Ku-mu- ur - da - ai sa 
 
 the mountain which is at the top of Kumurda, in the 
 
 m ^m <* « ►^i Tf Tf 61. tSii ^- -T?? - -T ty + 
 
 ki - rib Man - na - ai as - pu - un in isati 
 
 midst of Minni I destroyed, and in the fire 
 
 -a -^ T Etyy y? y? <s^ v <ysi^ ^e e^s Ey- -- 1-^ \ ^ 
 
 ak -mu E,a - ai - di - sa- di - i rabrbal- zu su-nu 
 
 / burned, Raidisadi commander of their fortresses 
 
 y? i=y?^ 62. gE ^ ^t\ t> x-^ (V. -£y) >-^yy 63. ^y t^^ < 
 
 a-duk as- lu - la sal-lat (v. la) su na - gu -u 
 
 / hilled, I carried off his spoil. . The district 
 
 eTT -^n ^Tf -TT<T ^IT (V- ty) yy ttV, ^] 64. ^q jy ^y 
 
 sa E - ri - is (v. is) te - ya - na ak -su-ud 
 
 of Eristeyana I captured, 
 
 ^-yy y>^ y t:^! ^- «=Tf r 65. >- H -T + -S ^^ 
 
 alani su as t pu - un ina isati ak -mu 
 
 its cities I destroyed, and in the fire I burned; 
 
94 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 
 as - lu - la sal - lat su 
 / carried off its spoil. 
 
 IT 66. >- ^]< idj -!2Egf tm 
 
 ina ti - ib tahazi ya 
 
 na - gu su u - 
 <^(xi dist7^ict I laid 
 
 txJ, A^ *-" I 
 
 nap - har raati su 
 whole of his country. 
 
 — T'-TTTT 
 
 m 
 
 sah - rib 
 ivaste, 
 
 By the shock of 
 
 67. ^m 
 
 u 
 
 / 
 
 7ny army, 
 
 za - ah - hi - ir 
 reduced the 
 
 68. ^y ^r< -T<T ti^ -^T< £T A-T <T* 
 
 it - ti hu - ub - ti ma- ha - di 
 With much plunder, 
 
 69. £]]] ETTTsy ^y< .-H ^TITf ^r< 1^ T>— Tf -eeT Kyy 
 
 ta - mir - ti ka - bit - ti sal - mis a - tu - ra 
 and numerous gifts, peacefully I returned, 
 
 70. ^s ^^ 4i <ccy-yyy< ^<-^^>-v <IeI 7i. [^^yy ^(?)] -^jn y? 
 
 ak - bu - sa me - sir Assur 
 
 and marched across the borders of Assyria. 
 
 [Bi(?)] - ru-a 
 Birua(?), 
 
 Saru - ig - bi 
 Saruighi, 
 
 72. 
 
 Gu 
 
 :TT 
 
 ^T? 
 
 My :=:] *jn < vy 73. ^tyy y 
 
 [Bi] - ru - u - te 
 and Birute{?), 
 
 alani 
 cities 
 
 
 -W m 74. -gyy ^ ^f?H? ^£TT M^mh 
 
 Assur sa ina tir - zi sarri 
 
 Assyria, which in the time of the kings 
 
 su - ne - e 
 Gusune, 
 
 ITT [T- ^T] 
 
 - [mi - it] 
 near 
 
 -t£TT— J:£Tf 
 
 abi ya 
 my fathers 
 
 75. ^]] m ^ "-^ « ^T T? T? 76. BT -^TTT T- V T? -eT ^ 
 
 e - ki -mu Man- na - ai da - rum -mi sa-a- tu -nu 
 
 were captured by the Mannians, those districts 
 
 -S ^T ^T 77. ^* « ^y y? y? <ty^ -^y ^yyy ti ^ -v jy 
 
 ak - su -ud Man - na - ai ul - tu lib - bi as - suh 
 
 / took. The Mannians, from the midst I removed, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 95 
 
 78. ^y^ \< [Bt]]] r— ^T -< -^TT -TIT- ^ ^T -T2EET 
 
 susi bat - li u - nu - tu tahazi 
 
 the horses and their instruments of war 
 
 I ^ 79. ^ ^ ►£! T? ^i \- ^.-v m 
 
 su-nu as- lu - la a- na Assur 
 
 / carried off to Assyria. 
 
 80. 
 
 alani 
 
 Those 
 
 [V] ]} -m *^ !? -^T <« jy -I< ^^L ^ 81. ^yn^ ^^ ^-yy 
 
 [sa]-a- tu -nu a- na es-su- ti az -bat u - tir - ra 
 
 cities a second time I took, and restored 
 
 ]] >^\ itt ^-TTT< *-^ -V <m 82. T A-Hfff ^ -T? -TT<T 
 
 a - na me - sir Assur Ah - se - e - ri 
 
 to the boundaries of Assyria. Ahseri, 
 
 la pa lab bilu- ti ya 
 not fearing my power, 
 
 83. [Vj '•^ 
 
 T < H] <'tV A4f -7^ I 
 [a -mat] Istar im -nu su 
 
 [the will] of Ishtar delivered 
 
 qati 
 
 -TV 
 
 1 - na qati ardi su 
 
 him into the hands of his servants. 
 
 I 84. ^]}} \ 
 
 
 <-^Id I '=11!'= s^Idl I < 
 
 eli su u - sab -su-u 
 against him made, and 
 
 I -TT -T<T 
 
 nisi mati su si - hu 
 The people of his country a revolt 
 
 85. - H^ -::yy I t"::^ 
 
 ina suqi alu su 
 in front of his city 
 
 V <^TT jETTT I Ski ^ < ESS -^ JI 86. ^ig^f 
 
 sa - lam - ta su id - du - u pagar su arku 
 
 his attendants threiv his corpse. Afterwards 
 
 Ya - a - al - li 
 Vaalli 
 
 threiv 
 
 tS I 87. i:W V -t ^] 
 
 ablu su u -sib i - na 
 
 his son sat on 
 
 -T tv^ }} I 88. ^]] ^] ^^T -14 -T <« --T ^T -::TII 
 
 kuzzu su da - na - an Assur Sin Samas Bel 
 
 his throne. The power of Assur, Sin, Shamas, Bel, 
 
96 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^t)B 89. ^►T <;v W fSET m -T <W V tc --T <IEI 
 
 Nabu Istar sa Niiiua Istar sa Arba- il 
 
 iVe6o, /sAtor of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arhela, 
 
 Ninip Nusku Nergal Hi rabati beli ya 
 
 Ninip, Nashu, and Nergal, the great Gods my lords, 
 
 ^Tf AS t] 91. ^y<y^ ^ V Tf ^T ^T I^HIgf ^^Tf 
 
 e - mur va ik - nu - sa a - na niri ya 
 
 he saw ; and submitted to my yoke. 
 
 92. ^ I -£:T "-^ -TT^ -t\ I ti^ -^n? I IdJ sETTT T? 
 
 as -su ba -lad napis - ti su ub - na - a su ip - ta -a 
 To 2^^'^^^^^^ ^W5 life, he offered his hand, 
 
 93. i.w ^ -E! T? -II m^ -A< 9-t. T tT? -TI<T -TI ;£=m Jf?: 
 
 u - zal - la - a bel - u - ti E - ri - si - in - ni 
 
 and submitted to my dominion. Erisinni 
 
 cf 5^T -^T< I 95- V, -^T t£ir <Igf J^TT EV :=:4 eT 
 
 ablu ridu - ti su a - na Ninua is - pur - av - va 
 
 his eldest son, to Nineveh he sent, and 
 
 m- ^T ^ II <jETT m] 96. ^yy<T tf? ^ <y^^n<] <^ ^y 
 
 u -na-as-siq sepi ya re - e -mu ar - si su 
 
 hissed my feet. Favour I granted him, 
 
 ET 97. £:^ yf len t-t]] v <?c?f;j y- tyyy^ gy ^^ ^ 
 
 va a - mir ya sa salim - mi u -ma- hi - ir 
 
 and my messenger for an alliance I sent 
 
 Kjy ^jii s<T I 98. tf tv cEiT Sky *yyy :=: i 
 
 zi - ru - lis -su bintu zi - it lib - bi su 
 
 to him. The daughter j)t"oceeding from his body, 
 
 -W V ti -ET y? -^y ^y? £}{< ^^ <y<yyy < ^y< 
 
 u - se - bi - la a - na e - pis sal tuglu - u - ti 
 ^6 sent for a concubioie. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 97 
 
 99. £T syy tET t^yyy j .fcji .yy<y ^y v . ^t???? ::ETI 
 
 ma- da - at - ta s\i uiali - ri - tu sa ina tir - '/a 
 The former tribute, which in the time of 
 
 ^^ y^>- tEy y--^ m) loo. ^yyy^ ^tij <I^ IeU 
 
 sarri abi ya u - sab - di - lu 
 
 the kings my fathers, they had broken off: 
 
 ^iT Ji< :s Tf <w -m -n<i ^tv, 101. <« ^^ t^E^n I— 
 
 is -su-ii-ni a- di mah - ri ya 30 susi 
 
 he had brought to my presence. Thirty horses, 
 
 <-^H tT SIT (^EI) --!< I -mi -IT<I -<T< f^ITT^ -TT- <\^ eT 
 
 eli ma - da - (at) - ti su mah - ri - ti u - rad - di va 
 beside the former tribute, I added and 
 
 102. tyf ^ >-^yy ^ ^y y^ I Ef T :^ -!!<! -T ??< ^eT -TT<T 
 
 e -mid su ina im - mi su va Bi - ri - iz - ha - ad - ri 
 fixed on him. In those days also, Biriz-hadri 
 
 E5S -II -^!T V ^ in? 
 
 niru sa Mad- ai 
 
 a chief of Media, 
 
 Column IV. 
 
 1. T tild n --T< r ^ -TT<T 4 If ^f T— 
 
 Sar - a - ti Pa - ri - za - a abli 
 
 Sariti and Pariza, sons of 
 
 T -III^ (T?) -TI A 2. £;sf .II .-yy \- ^i A "gll -I ^ < 
 
 Ga - (a) - gi niru Sa - hi sa iz - lu - u 
 
 Gog, a chief of the Saka {Scythians) -who had thrown off' 
 
 A lEinSI -II -T< cETf 3. y <v/ -^11 1— I -^ m 'i- -T< 
 
 niri belu- ti ya 75 alani su-nu dan-nu- ti 
 
 the yoke of m/y dominion, seventy-five of their strong at^es 
 
 o 
 
 /C:? 
 
98 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ak - su - lid as - lu - la sal - lat sun 
 / took, I carried off their spoil: 
 
 bal - du - su -nu ina qati az -bat 
 alive, in hand I took, 
 
 (-::IT) m} m -tlT -II < ^T< cET? 
 
 Ninua alu bel - u - ti ya 
 
 Nineveh, the city of my dominion. 
 
 sa - a - tu - nu 
 themselves 
 
 5. ^yrr^ - ^ET T 
 
 u - bi - la ana 
 a7id brought to 
 
 6. ! H ^.TT -!T<T Tf 
 
 Ilu - da - ri -a 
 Iludaria 
 
 ■^ -II -T<T^ (v. s^s !£Tn '^) <^ lai C-* <tji= 7. V 
 
 sanut (v. tur - ta - nu) 
 prefect {v. tartan) 
 
 Lu - ub - di 
 of Lubdu, 
 
 sa 
 
 who 
 
 a - na 
 to 
 
 ka - sa - ad 
 capture 
 
 
 Ub - bu - um - mi va 
 Uhhummi and 
 
 Kill 
 
 li - im - mi - ri 
 Kullimmir, 
 
 >--<V 
 
 ^ IT -E^ir -tid <IEJ -IT? >^ <T- --T< 
 
 il - li - ka ki - rib mu - si - ti 
 cmd went in the night. 
 
 T? <F V*- ^V -^TT -<^ -Egyi A-n T- -TT<T 
 
 a - si - bu - ti Kul- li - im -mi- ri 
 
 divelling in Kullimmir, 
 
 8. ^ SIT T? 
 
 ir - da - a 
 
 descended 
 
 nisi 
 TAe people 
 
 10. 
 
 ardi 
 tributaries. 
 
 mtJ^'^ c£Tf 11- - ^^-^ -^ <I- <W -r<I^ !£ITT I 
 
 da - gil pa - ni ya ina sat mu - si di - ik - ta su 
 
 dependent 07i me; in the middle of the night his 
 
 tl A-T -Sl -^IT ^t^m 12. -E| tf ^yyy y^ 
 
 ma - ha - as su i - du - ku la ez - zi - bu 
 
 numerous army slew, and there ivas not 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 99 
 
 ai - um - ma qaq - du Ilu - da - ri - a 
 
 left anyone. The head of Iludaria 
 
 -T<T^ <iEj -^TT <n ET J^- T? -^i -^iT mr\ m 
 
 ik - ki - su - niv - va a - na Ninua 
 
 they cut off, and to Nineveh, 
 
 -mi -TT<T -£T? -TTT^ ^^T < ^ 
 
 mall - ri ya u - bil - ii - ni 
 before me, they brought. 
 
 The differences between the texts of CyUnders A and B 
 regarding tliis expedition principally rise from Cylinder B giving 
 a more minute account of the events, and supplying some points 
 omitted on Cylmder A. It appears from Cylinder B that the 
 principal battle with the Mannians was fought before Assurbanipal 
 went in person to Mumi. After the victory of his generals, 
 Assurbanipal himself entered Minni, and ravaged the country. 
 The details of the restoration of territory to Assyria, the conquest 
 of the Median chief Birizhadri, and the sons of Gagi the Sakhian 
 or Scythian, and the defeat and death of Iludari ; are additions 
 in Cylinder B. Gagi resembles the Jiil of Ezekiel. The city of 
 Lubdu, of which Iludaria was governor, revolted once before in tlie 
 reign of Shalmaneser II, in B.C. 820. 
 
100 ASSURE ANIPAL. 
 
 PART YII. 
 
 The War with Urtaki, King of Elam. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of the war with Urtaki are Cyhnder B, col. iv, 
 lines 15 to 83, and a fragment of a proclamation of Assurbanipal, 
 K, 1139. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column lY, Lines 15 to 83. 
 
 15. - {{? <T- m -TT<T m} <-^Id T Itl !£TTT <IeJ 
 
 Ina gar - ri ya eli Ur - ta - ki 
 
 In my sixth expedition, against Urtaki 
 
 « *.^ <;::t et <i£! 16. ieij < ^m m ^n -m ^\ 
 
 sar Elam lu - u al - lik sa dabtu abi 
 
 king of Elam, I ivent ; ivho the benefits of the father 
 
 ^z -tv, -ET u< ^ -.sn 17. -ET ^T t>* ^jn 
 
 bani ya la ha - as - su la iz - zu - ru 
 
 my begetter disregarded, and had not heeded 
 
 Id] m -<V <^V ^T - -^ <n ET m 18. >-.£TT -\]} -t^ 
 
 X ip - ru - ti ul - tu ina Elam su - un - qu 
 
 J the famine. When in Elam a drought 
 
 ± £<iy IE] ^ Idl -^T I < :?? IdJ -TW -m i9. H */ ^}m 
 
 ».*>-«^' is -ku-nu ib - ba -su-u- ni ip - ri - tu miri 
 
 took place, there was a fami^ie. Corn 
 
 -■^i *-" -n*^ -i^^ -i?{ I— m- 1 ^^i\ I EI 20. t^ ^ 
 
 ba -lad napis- ti nisi u -se- bil su va az -bat 
 
 to preserve the lives of the people, I sent him, and took 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 101 
 
 JTtt -Ml -lUT— I V -ET * -T -^I! ^Vr} m 
 
 qat su nisi su sa la pa - an su - un - ki 
 
 his hcmd. His people, ivho from the face of the drought 
 
 21. ^^ t.^, ^tiT < <n £1 m- <v ^- m ^iT? *-^ -V <iej 
 
 in -nab tu -u- niv -va u - si -bu ki - rib Assur 
 
 fled, and dwelt in Assyria, 
 
 22. y? i\^ -^n tl?? ^ ^ ► *v- J .y ^ ^ j^ .^y jy ^ 
 a- di zu - un -nu-nu ina mati su iz-nu-nu ib - ba -su-u 
 until the rain in his countiy rained, and there were 
 
 ►iiniri 23. tT?n— V r? -£lT ^ V - X* ceT? 
 
 sibirru nisi sa - a - tu - nu sa ina mati ya 
 
 C7^ops : those people, ivho in my country 
 
 fcU IeU 2U '^TTT- V =^^I I ET 24. e:^ <:rT eT T? T? V 
 
 ib - lu - du u -se - bil su va Elam - ai sa 
 
 ivere j^^^eserved, I sent to him, and the Elamite ; %vho 
 
 -T< y- ^-T<T -^Ti ^T -^r< -^TTT t^ mmm 25. [^tj] 
 
 ti - bu - us - su it - ti lib - bi * * * * [la] 9 
 
 his invasion, ivith heart * * * * [^didliot'] 
 
 }}< ^^^m =EII <r: -M T -II --T V <^ [\ V- -ET I? I?] 
 
 ha- as - sa ku- zi - la t su Bel - ba - sa [Gam-bu-la- ai ] W-^--^ 
 regard his good. Belhasa the [Gambulian,] ?^ " ^^" 
 
 26. Q ^>-] ^0] .^ ^^ <« b:^ 4^ -ri -^T -^T T— kukr^ 
 
 [Nabu] -zikir- esses tig - en - na ardi 
 
 [Neho^ zikir esses the tigenna tributaries 
 
 \B]] -a ^ ^ -EI?] 27. [T H <::^T -^] ^ 
 
 [da - gil pa - ni ya] [Maruduk - zikir] - ibni 
 
 [dependent on me,'] [Merodach zihir^ihni 
 
 JT ^1 -TT* T— V T IH !£TTI <IeJ [« *.^ <n t] m\ 
 
 ummati - sa Ur - ta - ki [sar Elam] 
 
 generalJ of Urtaki [king of Elam,'] 
 
102 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 28. [^y ^T< I ^ t^TT IeJ] "7^ ^V i=£ JT T -< -T<T ^ETT 
 
 [it - ti su-nu is -ku]-nu pi - i su ananiit-hu- zi 
 \witli them] had set his face; to make ivar on 
 
 Akkad ****** ****** va 
 
 Ahkad. ****** ***** and 
 
 id - ku - u - ni * * * * Elam ***** 
 
 had gathered * * * * Elam ***** 
 
 -s ^ I 31. mmmm ^t --u n 32. ^-y ^^y^ i 
 
 ak - ru -su ***** id-ka-a qa- bal su 
 
 **** ***** gathered within it 
 
 mmim ohi -tt<t h< s^itt jk -.^it 33. t? ^^i^ge 
 
 ***** ur - ri -ha ta -ha- zu a * * * * * 
 
 ***** he set about Jighting. ****** 
 
 \] -m y (V- m) ^t? 34. -gyr ^m^^m ^n m =^ ei 
 
 a- tu -me (v. turn)- e sa * * * * * il -lik - av -va 
 
 / was alarmed (J) ****** he came and 
 
 ul as ****** * su -par nisi zirai 
 
 * ******** concerning the men of the deser^t 
 
 va * * * * * is - ta -nap -pa- ra ***** 
 
 and* * * * * he sent ***** 
 
 38. T? ^y yj ^yy^ j^s Wmmmm 39. £:s; Tf ^11 tt}] 
 
 a- na a -mar sar ***** a-mir ya 
 
 to see the king of * * * * * ony envoy 
 
 ^TT!^ ey A-] [Cw m EV Ey 40. ::i^yy ifcy t£ ^ggy [itj] gy 
 
 u -ma- hi - [ir as] -pur va il - lik i - tu - [ur] va 
 
 / commxinded, I sent, and he ivent. lie returned, and 
 
CUyWl 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 103 
 
 41. T? ~r T? -T< -cH y'r !? eT [-s^ eI] 42. ^^^ v -! ►^T T? ^, 
 
 ha-an-a-ti ka - ai -ma-[nu va] u -sa-an-na-a J -f— 
 
 this was conjinned, ami he repeated i^ /j / 
 
 tET? [If --T<] 43. tern ET ESS *=!? -ET -^ ^w m ^^ "^ 
 
 ya - [a - ti] um - ma E - la - mu - u kima 
 
 me, thus : " The Elamite^ like 
 
 ^T< ^- ^T -T<Ty^f -T<T 44. ^tld -1^^ ^<* £:^v m jj,^ 
 
 ti - bu - ut aribi ka - tim Akkad ^tf^^nU' 
 
 a flight of locusts, ^ overspreadiTUj Akkad 
 
 -t-U ^T< A-TT(?) V tElT Jm t=F? -T EtTT <IeJ 
 
 ka - ti - im(?) sa zi - ir Bab - ili 
 cover{f), over against Babylon 
 
 45. ^r « ^ 7 IeII £1 ^7 i]^ B] Sm} ^T T? -^T ^ ^_^ 
 
 us -man-nu sa - kin va na - di ma - dak - tu a - na , ^ 
 
 ^A(? ca7?ij9 ?"s fixed and fortifications are raised." To / - / 
 
 -^T E^TT ^ffl -T< 46. ^tTll < -^l -B H (v- -II) T— ^eI? 
 
 na - ra - ru - ti Bel va Nabu II (v. bel) - i ya 
 
 the aid of Bel and Neho, my Gods (v. lords) 
 
 Bl t^T -T!<T -E! ►T<I -! -^-V] n£!T ^I?? 47. ^? y^ — IBE^I ^eT? 
 
 su ap - tal - la - liu Ilu- us - su -un zabi taliaz ya 
 
 whom, I ivorshipped their divinity: my men of war 
 
 ttf m -y? ET t^ ->tT -sm a^ e^tt -y^ 48. y? ^ju 
 
 ad - ke - e va az - ba - ta mur - ra - nu a - lak 0-^^^ 
 
 J gathered, and I took the march. The 2)'^^ogress of 
 
 tm ^TM tt]} ^]] ]- ET * -m -'i -Tl^rl I ET 49. ce t^ 
 
 gar - ri ya is - mi va hat - tu is - l.iup su va i - tur 
 
 my expedition he heard, and fear overwhelmed him, and he returned 
 
 T '-^ I ^%^\ I f^iL -^ Tf ^ -T<T^ s^TTT I ^ -T^->TTT 
 
 ana mati su arku su az -bat a- bi - ik - ta su as - kun 
 to his country. After him I took \the road\ h is overthrow I accomplished, 
 
104 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 50. EET ^jra v-T<r -^ji Tf <Tri^ <t^ ^-m< ^^^ J! 
 
 ad - ru - us su a - di me - sir mati su 
 
 and drove him to the fro7itier of his country. 
 
 51. T iH j^m <m ti^w ^--^ <n £1 m "in -£T ^i t^^ nn 
 
 Ur - ta - ki sar Elam sa la iz - zu - ru 
 
 Urtaki king of Elam, tvho had not heeded 
 
 IdJ *jn -^T< 52. ^ *y y^ .ty ;n^yy ^y< j ^ tyyy^ [^y<] 
 
 ip - ru - ti ina im-mi la sim - ti su mu- u - [ti] 
 
 the famine; in the day of his misfortmie, death 
 
 <^>^mmmmm ^3. - -^yyy ^ ^ -y<y^ -^y j.|yyj. ^^ ^mM 
 
 ***** ina ta - ni - hi ik - tu - u i * * * 
 
 ldesired{?)^ In lamentation, he beat * * * 
 
 54 ^^ ^^ (v. xy Hfy<y) -^y .ty <y^ <fcyy y g|gg 
 
 ina qaq- qar (v. qa - ri) ba - la - di sepi su * * * 
 071 the level ground, his feet * * * 
 
 55. >- ^ ..y ^y I ^y £^f< jtyyy y .y<y^ ^y< ::<vyys|gs| 
 
 ina sanat an - na su na - pis - ta su iq - ti - il * * * 
 In that year, his life he destroyed * * * 
 
 56. y 41 -^y V (£— ) ^,- X ^^- -£T T? I? 57. "gyy ^y M < 
 
 Bel -ba-sa Gam-bu-la- ai sa iz - lu -u '4 
 
 Belhasa the Gamhulian, ivho had thrown off 
 
 *T isma -11 -T< ^£y? 58. ^ =T^ II III <K c<yy ^tyyy ^^ 
 
 niru belu- ti ya ina ni -sik kisti is - ta - kan 
 
 theyokeof my dominion, hiding in concealment, he j^cissed 
 
 ^] m ^T 59. y ^-y i^ ^ 4^ <« t:^ 4^ ^i ^y ^sy 
 
 na - pis -tu Nabu -zikir- esses tig - en- na la 
 
 his life. Nebozikir esses the tigenna, not 
 
 -^T ^^-m< T? <y* ^T? 60. E^yy <y^ y? ^yyy^ ^ 
 
 na - zir a - de - e is - si a - ga - nu 
 
 keeping the covenant, was overthrown by the 
 
ASSUUBANIPAL, 105 
 
 bil - la - ai raa - hi - u - ti (v. maluti) 
 
 lords strong and mir/hti/. 
 
 61. 1 >:-T <::^T -^ :?= e:w .gi ^y -'n^ I -^ *-^ ^ fcU I 
 
 Marudiik -zikir-ibrii ummati su mu-sad-bi - ib su 
 
 Merodachzikiribni his general, his adviser, '^ 
 
 62. -giT <i>-ifci *T -w ^\w <i- Ei| I? -^T Tcy j^yn <iej 
 
 sa limut - tu u - sak - si - dii a - na Ur - ta - ki 
 who, evil caused to hajypen to Urtahi : 
 
 63. ty? T- ey >-^yy ^^y <:::^y ^:^ ^^y )^ v m -sm 
 
 e -mi- is su Marudnk sar Hi se-er - ta 
 
 Mei'odach king of the Gods, fixed on him his great 
 
 I tv ^y 64. - y ^y -^ ^-y -^y it^ a-^} m 
 
 su rab - tu ina he - ed sanat an - na me - eh - rit ^^t^ 
 
 fear. For one year in iwesence of each 
 
 y? H< r— 66. ^yy ley ^ -^y t)\< ^y 66. ^yyy - ^^y^ 
 
 a -ha- mis is -ku-nu na - pis -tu hb - hi Assur 
 
 other, they iicLssed their lives. The heart of Assur 
 
 -0 ^v^ <ey^ tE ^ 4^>yyy \ -^ ^y< r,7. <ty^ |HJ -^}^Ty}} 
 
 ag - gu ul i -nn- uh su-nu- ti ul ip - suh 
 
 vengeful, let them not rest, and did not spare 
 
 I ►/ -y< 68. ^-id - -y< -y <\v w -w ^^ D --I ^ 
 
 su-nu- ti ka -bat- ti Istar sa u -tag-gil an-ni 
 
 them. The mighty Goddess who protected me, 
 
 69. ^i^y^ ty? j:^ ^y< i t^yy <iEy v- to. - ^y?^ 
 
 pal - e saru - ti su is - ki - pu bil - lut 
 
 the time of his kingdom ended, and the dominion 
 
 \' d] t] m m^ t-txii'^ -T<Tv t] 71. ^%^] 
 
 Elam u -raq- qu -u sa - num -ma arku 
 
 of E lam passec^ to another. Afterivards 
 
 p 
 
 r 
 
106 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T '^i t:yyr « ^r -^ *^T r 72. ^)]]^ y: ^ i:] tv^ y, 
 
 Te - um -man tarn- sil gal (j" lu u -sib ina kuzzu 
 
 Teumman like an evil spirit, sat on the throne of 
 
 T IH !£TTT <m 73. TJ -^T eST! T? <IEJ ^5 T— 
 
 Ur - ta - ki a - na da - a - ki abli 
 
 Urtaki : to slay the sons of 
 
 T ifci iBm <m 74. <^:gij ^^ r— t ^^m « m ai if ^ 
 
 Ur - ta - ki va abli Um -man- al - da -a-se 
 
 Urtahi, and the sons of U^nmanaldas 
 
 75. Bh^^ T IH tETIT m J^TT ^T =«: A-T Tf t- <T-IfcJ 
 
 ahu Ur - ta - ki is - te - ni - ha - a limut 
 
 the brother of Urtaki, he devised evil. 
 
 76. T t^TTT «!=£:=: T ^m « ::=! rif= T ^^T eT -n<T -^T 
 
 Um -man- i -gas Um -man-ap -pa Tam-ma- ri - tii 
 Um/nianigas, Ummanappa and Tammarit, 
 
 77. !.£ r>~ T iiy s^TiT <^ !£?s ^-^ <:rr et <© 
 
 abli Ur - ta - ki sar Elam 
 
 sons of Urtaki king of Elam, 
 
 78. T M gj -an T * *jm A\\- ^T— T -:m « m m ^ 
 
 Ku-dur- ru Pa- ru - u abli Um-man- al - da -se 
 
 Kudurr^i and Paru, sons of Ummanaldas, 
 
 79. s£:w n It! ^ ^fr T IH s^fTT <l£j so. <^^ {{{ 
 
 sar a - lik pa - ni Ur - ta - ki va GO 
 
 the king precetii^i^ Urtaki, and sixty of 
 
 -<^ ^-^m - -t] ]- ^ E5S *{ T-— i^T <S\ 81. ts T— 
 
 ziri sarri ina la mi - ni zabi mitpanu abli 
 
 the seed royal, innumerable bow-men and children 
 
 "-I ^ -i't ^tt ^-^ <n ET <i£j 82. V -El ^ -\ m T? <m 
 
 ba - ne - e sa Elam sa la pa - an da - a - ki 
 
 begotten in Elam; ivho from the face of the massacre 
 
• ASSURBANIPAL. 107 
 
 T ^T c::m « £5S^ CET I "7^ 83. ^Sm ccT -£eT < <n Er 
 
 Te - um -man ahu abu su-nu in -nab- tu-u-niv-va 
 
 of Tewnman thew vncle; Jicd, and took e/u^^i/V-> 
 
 tT -^r -^T <^TT JSS ^T< ttVr 
 
 iz - ba - tu iiiru saru - ti ya 
 
 the yoke of my kingdom. 't**v<»^^/' 
 
 Extract from K, 2867, Variant Passage for Cylinder B, 
 Column IV, Lines 30 to 70. 
 
 a. tE <yifz ^ <y^ ti? c^ ^T ^r< T IH tEIlT <IeJ 
 
 I - di - nil de - e - ni it - ti Ur - ta - ki 
 
 They delivered judgment cvgainst Urtaki 
 
 sar Elam sa la ag - ru - u su ig - ra an •• ni 
 
 hing of Elam ; luho [ivhen^ 1 did not make ivar ivith him, imcde war 
 
 mmmm *• <iej ^n -^ < t? <t- <f i ^tt iej -t^ 
 
 **** ke-e- mu - u a abikta su is ku - nu 
 
 ivith me * * For me, his overthrow they accomplished, 
 
 A4f H< tv* ^ ►^T fSS >-.£!! ^T ^JH =^1 I T? <\- 
 
 im - ha - zu pa - na - as - zu id - ru - du su a - di 
 
 struck him in the face, and drove him to the 
 
 me- [sir mati su] ina sanat an - na su-a - tu ina mit-jDan-ni 
 frontier of\]iis country']. In that year, ivith a hoiv(f) they 
 
 m^ - -£^TT t^t^ -t} \' n£TT IdJ <IEJ E^T I I? ^T 
 
 u - hal - li - qu nap - sat su ip - ki - du su a - na 
 destroyed his life, and they sent him to 
 
 ^ -i^ M^ Vr !? jH -£T mmm ^ ^m ::: 
 
 mat-nu - de - a - a - s:ir la -;i.- * * * lib - bi 
 
 Hades, the place none [rettuvi from]. The hearts of the 
 
108 ASSURBANIPAL. • 
 
 Hi rabati beli ya ul i - nu - iih ul 
 
 great Gods my lords, did not rest, did not 
 
 IdJ -^?c?f ?? T ^T? --TT --rr -tH ►- -<V -II --T< I Siii 
 
 ip - suh sa e - zu - zii ka -bat- ti belu- ti su * * * 
 sjxire. The strong and mighty one, his dominion * * * 
 
 e- tESS ^^-T<T nSTT ^TT <IeJ v- -^V I -T? <m -^^ -< -!K 
 
 sar - us su is - ki - pu pal sii e - ki-mu bil- lut 
 his kingdom ended, and his days took aivay. The dominion 
 
 <^ <n ET <l£l m- 1> ^t:^ V -T<T^ [ET] 
 
 Elam u -raq- qu sa - niim - [ma] 
 
 of Elam jjassec/ to another. 
 
 K, 1139. 
 
 A -mat saru a - na nisi lla - sa - ai 
 
 nisi 
 
 The ivill of the king, to the men of Rasa, the sea 
 
 tamti va Ne - rii - u. - ti salim- mi ya -a- si >rvw- 
 
 coast and the Neruti. My salutation 
 
 m -^]mi- 4. ieu < ^i^w m ^ <t- <^^ -vy^ et 
 
 lib - ba ku-nu lu -u dabtu ku-nu- si me- nam -ma 
 
 to your hearts, 'may benefits to you he counted. 
 
 5- T? -^T m ^E -^T e^ti t? <^^ V <* d] EI <iEr 
 
 a - iia - kii i - na ra - a - me sa Elam 
 
 / in the 2)ros2:>erity [of Elam 
 
 6- 1? EtlT :^ ^11 4E ^ETf < -II ^ -^T< W 7. <tT^ 
 
 a - ra - am en dabti ya va bilii - ti ya ul 
 
 rejoiced, my good, and my dominion, they 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 109 
 
 m- --T M^ I'r ^T ^^ ^ -tE 8. ty? *^^ 5r^T < JI "7^ 
 
 u - ba - liu a- na gab-bi dabtu e - bu - us -u su -nu 
 
 did not seek. For all the good done to them, 
 
 -seTT -T<y^ --T< 9- -T? tn .IT ^W =H= -TT<I <« -^TI - 
 
 li - mut - ti e - ep - su - u - ni re - es - su iiia 
 
 evil they committed. First, in the 
 
 i^y y_ 10. V T Ikl -5^ <-T^ -tE! '^- "^- ^T< 11- -^ ^1 
 
 immi sa Ur - tak vil - tu bu - bu - ti i - na 
 
 days of Urtah; from the famine in 
 
 \^ <n ET <!eJ Ifcl [=^T < ^'\ 12. [^v|| .^yy] jgy ^ ^^ 
 Elam ur - [du -u- ni] [il - li] -ku-u- ni 
 
 Elam they descended {j^) and icent 
 
 T? ^T ^ [-IA m\ mmm 
 
 a - na [Assur] * * * * 
 
 to '[Assyria^ * * * * 
 
 This war with Urtaki, commenced a series of contests with Elam, 
 which extended through a large part of the reign of Assurbanipal. 
 During the reign of Esarhaddon Ummanaldas I, king of Elam, 
 died, and was succeeded by his brother Urtaki or Urtak, called 
 on K, 1541, y J3yf ^TTT t^"-^' Ur-ta-gu ; who was on friendly 
 terms with Esarhaddon. Some time after the accession of Assur- 
 banipal and his brother Saulmugina, Assurbanipal befriended the 
 Elamite monarch during a famine, and afterwards Urtaki disre- 
 garding this allowed his general Merodachzikiribni to persuade him 
 into an invasion of Babylonia ; where, after ravaging the country, he 
 was repulsed by Assurbanipal. On his death within a year of this 
 event Teumman, his brother (called on K, 1009, f ^J jr^lH «, 
 Tu-ummau), ascended the Elamite throne. Fearing Teumman would 
 murder them, to secure the succession to the throne for his own 
 sons ; the two sons of Ummanaldas, and three sons of Urtaki, with 
 4 . a numerous body of adherents, fled to Assyria. 
 
110 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART VIII. 
 
 The War ivitli Teumman King of Elam, and the Conquest of Gamhuli. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts relating to this expedition are Cylinder A, col. iii, 
 lines 83, to col. iv, line 5; Cylinder B, col. iv, lines 84, to col. vi, 
 line 92 ; an extract from K, 2652 ; and a series of epigraphs placed 
 over the sculptured scenes representing this war. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column III, Line 83, to Column IV, Line 5. 
 
 83. t£ ^T w <T^ E??< >■]]<] c£n I? ^T ^-^ <n £T <IeJ 
 
 I - na hamsi gar - ri ya a - na Elam 
 
 In my fifth expeditioyi, to Elam 
 
 ^] VT <« y &IT 84. A^ tt]] "^ - <IEj tTTTT H4 
 
 us - te - es - se - ra 
 / directed the 
 
 mur - ra - nu ina ki - bit Assur 
 mxirch. By the command of Assur, 
 
 -T «< -T ^T H A-!T -=TII -^!0 85. 
 
 Sin Samas Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 Sin, Shamas, Vul, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 m.\ m -T seh -tt- ^iTT -^ -TT<r 86. 
 
 Ninua II sar - rat kit - mu - ri 
 Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 -T i"^ "iTT 
 
 Istar sa 
 Ishtar of 
 
 Istar 
 Isthar 
 
 sa 
 
 :::: -+ <IeJ -r >f 
 
 Arba- il Ninip 
 
 Arhela, Ninip, 
 
 Nergal Nusku 
 
 Nergal and Nusku ; 
 
 
 mi <h ^T 
 
 Ululu 
 Elul, 
 
 AVi\ T- 
 
 
 arah 
 
 sar 
 
 Hi 
 
 87. 
 
 ina arah 
 in the month 
 
 Assur 
 
 the month of the king of the Gods, Assur, iHUef.j^.l. 
 
ASSURBANTPAL. 1 1 1 
 
 88. ::£! ►►! T— -T -rilT -VV^ t]}]} m El -T< Id] 
 
 abu Hi rubu nan - nur ki -ma ti - ib 
 
 the father of the Gods, the glorious prince: like the shock of a 
 
 h ^ !=!? ^T -TT^ 89. >-B <^ \- ci] ET <^ ]} -^T 
 
 mi- he- e iz- zi ak - tum Elam a - na 
 
 terrible storm, I overwhelmed Elam, through 
 
 ■^IT SB -<)< V 90. ^a <3<i vyy^ t:<f r *^T ^zm « 
 
 si - hir - ti sa ak - kis qaqadu Te - um - man 
 
 its extent. I cut off the head of Teumman, 
 
 ^^ I -rf- ^ty>-\ -^ -W 91. -%]] >-Y]^ y^ tsii <|.Tfcy ^^y 
 
 sar su-nu mul -tar-hu sa ik - bu - da limut - tu 
 
 '^^ ^"^^ i^eiV ivicked king ; ivho devised evil. . 
 
 2tyu 
 
 - -B] T- Sif T? tT?^ ^c:: EtTT <t-^ i 92. .^y^ mgf <^:z] 
 
 ina la mi - ni a - diik qu - ra - di su bal - du - sun 
 
 Beyond number I slew his soldiers ; alive 
 
 >- A-T ^Ik tTTfe ?? xiTTT 4E ^-^^ ^eTT i=T? I 93. tVET T? -<]< 
 
 ina qa - ti u -za- bit mun - tah - ze - e su nhi - a - ti 
 
 in Imnd, I captured his fighting men. Tlieir 
 
 \ ^T 
 
 m^ -^^ 
 
 iz 
 
 u - kir 
 
 and 
 
 arrows(^), 
 
 U- 
 
 I i- m ET tT_ <HT <Mi 
 
 su-nu ki - ma mitpani va 
 
 ivives, like bows 
 
 94. ^W El m -ET Tf E^TTT EffTEJ (V. tiT-) ^I< ^tlT J! V -T 
 
 u -ma- al - la -a ta - mir (v. mar) - ti Su-sa-an 
 
 UX/xAJnttJL^ filled the vicinity of Shushan. 
 
 95. ^ T'— I ^ T? -W -ET n T? -TIT- tlH <T*: 
 
 pagari su - nu U - la - ai u - sar - di 
 
 Their corjyses the Ulai, I caused to take, 
 
 96. y? y^ V tS« 'an [ttfc <!eI] eT -^T --T t^ -TT 
 
 me sa az - ru - [ub - ki] -ma na - ba - as - si t^ • hi4K*\i^ 
 its ivaters I made to consume like chaff ij). 
 
112 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 97. y f-Tiy « ^£ - tf y m ^tyyy <^ ^^ - <^ ey <gy 
 
 Um -man- i -gas ablu Ur - ta - ki sar Elam 
 
 Ummanigas son of Urtaki, hing of Elam, 
 
 98. V -ET ^ -y T *4 ^ryyy « y? -^y v ^^y^ <iEy 
 
 sa la pa - an Te - um - man a - na Assur 
 
 who from the face of Teumman to Assyria 
 
 99. ttcm -} jsyyy cy -^y ^cEy <^yy tt]\ loo. skT --T< 
 
 in -nab- ta iz - ba - tu niri ya it - ti 
 
 fled, and had taken my yoke ; ivith 
 
 t-tVi A]v ^A^\ I n --^T '<^ci] (ED m 101- m- -^ t- 
 
 ya u - bil su a - na Elam u -se-sib 
 
 me I brought him to Elam. I seated 
 
 I - ^T t^^ Vi T *4 ^m « 102. y *y t] -yy<y ►^y 
 
 su. ina kuzzu Te- um -man Tarn- ma- ri - tu 
 
 him on the throne of Teumman. Tammarit 
 
 Ess-^ 1 1> V yn? V ^i -<v I 103. ^cm ^t? t^yyy - 
 
 ahu su sal - sa - ai sa it - ti su in - nab - ta ina 
 
 his third brother, ivho with him fled; in 
 
 -^yi A ££yy im ^ '■]A->m i yf -^y tiss < ^y< 
 
 Hi - da - lu as - kun su a - na sar - u - ti 
 Hidalu I appointed to the kingdom. 
 
 104. <!=y<^ ^iiy ty igy {]^) ^^y^ < ..y<v/ <^-h 
 
 ul - tu kakki Assur va Istar eli 
 
 Then the servants of Assur and Ishtar, over . 
 
 ^.M:ryEy<iEy los. ^yyy^ ^yyy^ ^yy<y '^^I ^ ^52^ .-ty ^ 
 
 Elam u - sam - ri - ru as - tak - ka - nu ^y /, / 
 
 Elam I caused to maixh; I acquired t ^^ ' 
 
 Kyy ^y ^ 1 06. < ^ggyy tE -ggy ^ t^yyy y{ y? <y^yy<y ^]< cEy? 
 
 da - na- nu va li - i - tu ina ta - ay - ar - ti ya 
 
 power and glory. On my return 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 1 1 3 
 
 107. <.-H y r:<y ^y ^ - X V^- -E&IT NU V T? -^T 
 
 eli Du - iia - nu Gam-bu - li - ai sa a - na 
 
 against Dananit the GaiuhaluDi, who to 
 
 ^^ dl El <m 108- ^I -^ IeIJ S: l£j ^I * Sff= ^£T? 
 
 Elam it - tag- - lu as - ku - na pa - ni ya 
 
 Elam trusted; I set my face. 
 
 Sa-pi - i - bel alu tiigul- ti Gam-bu - li 
 
 Saiiihel, the fortified city of Gambuli, 
 
 -B £] '] 110. <lEy tyyj .^yy jy yj .^y ^y, -an ^^ 
 
 ak - su - ud ki - rib alu su - a - tu e - ru - ub 
 
 / took; into that city I entered, 
 
 AW y^^ I f^ ^ 111. tyyyc tit^ aHTT ! ^T ^T -s^ 
 
 nisi su az - lis u - qu - uh Du - na - nu 
 
 its j)eo2^le entirely I carried off. Duiuinu and 
 
 T 4i ==^ (4-T) ^-^ ^ 112. -^ A}}} -yi<T m (V. Bm 
 
 Sa - am - (ha) - gu - nu mu - nir - ri - du (v. da) 
 
 Sanujunu, opposers of the 
 
 A] £?K s£:s -<V ^t\\ 113. ^ ty tETT ^T ^£11 ^}] ^T -T< 
 
 e - pis saru - ti ya ina zi - iz - zi is - qa - ti 
 
 loorh of my kingdom, in strong fetters of 
 
 -^1 + ^ -yi<r ^T< -T >f 114. (.yyyt ^y y^ ?}< .gin < 
 
 parzil bi - ri - ti parzil u -tam-mi-ha qati va 
 
 iron, and bonds of iron, I hound their hands and 
 
 <tETT -IT ^I -I< =S I— T -II -"^I V 1 15- gll ^ JT 
 
 sepi si - it - ti abli Bel- ba - sa kin-nu su 
 
 feet. The rest of the sons of Belhasa, his kin, the 
 
 -<^ -IIII tEl I El -EI --^I JI -III- 116- I -I -S -E 
 
 ziri bit abu su ma- la ba -su- u Nabu -nahid 
 
 seed of his father s house, all there ivere, Nahonidiis and 
 
 Q 
 
 6/.llU< 
 
114 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Bel - edir abli Nabu - zikir - esses 
 
 Beledir, sons of Nebozikiresses 
 
 117. ESS .m -II -^T iVM <cE <V ^T (V. »n) !— 
 
 tig - en - na va nir - pad - du (v. da) - i 
 
 the tigenna, and the attendants of the 
 
 m --T ^f^ I -^ 
 
 abi ba - ni su- nu 
 father their begetter ; 
 
 Column IV. 
 
 it - ti ***** - bi Te - be - e 
 
 with the ***** and Tebe, 
 
 nisi Gam - bu - li alpi zeni 
 
 people of Gamhuli, oxen, sheep, 
 
 ^'^ I— 3. \p<]^ -^ £tTT T— J^IsE It^r-] T— <-I^ -ill 
 
 imiri susi pare ul - tu 
 
 a^ses, horses, and mules; from 
 
 m -rff ^-^ \ ^- -£e!t 4. [^ igj ^t] T?] ►^r ^^ ha m 
 
 ki - rib Gam- bu - li [as - lu - la a] - na Assur 
 
 the midst of Gamhuli, [/ carried off~\ to Assyria. 
 
 ^cTT V *T- ^t -t]i\ 5. ^-TT m -<y< 1 1-] m] -b -it 
 
 Sa- pi - i - bel alu tugiil- ti su [ab - bul] ag - gur 
 
 Sapibel, his fortified city, [I jmlled dowii\, destroyed, 
 
 >- ]} i-^ 5^r A^ ^ 
 
 ina me us - ham -raid 
 and into the waters I turned. 
 
ifl 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 115 
 
 Cylinder A, Column X, Lines 22 to 30. 
 
 22. T <'rV tea « *-^ IfcJ <MT<r <T:^ "gTT J5S T— 
 
 ^ - duri sar Ur - ar - di sa sarri 
 
 Saduri, king of Ararat ; who the kings 
 
 ^m T— I 23. r? -^T m T— ^^Vi =^rf t^ni -? ^ m ^w 
 
 abi su a - na abi ya is - ta -nap- pa - ru - u 
 
 his fathers to my fathers had sent concerning the 
 
 (v. ^] o si^ ^^^< ^T 24. t|? t^er ^T T V sElSf 
 
 (v. par-u) - ni ahu -u-ut e - nin - na Sa- duri 
 
 brotherhood. Again, Saduri, 
 
 STT ►^T Tf ^ tU ^ f Tf -^T 25. "gry ^^y t>~ ty. y.™ 
 
 da - na -a-nu ip -se- e - tu sa Hi rabati 
 
 the mighty things for which the great Gods 
 
 t£ <y^ ^ ^:^^ jr^yy y^ ^)] ty 26. <g £y v *=E 
 
 i - si -mu in - ni is -me- e va ki -ma sa ablu 
 
 had caused renoivn to me, heard, and like a son to 
 
 !f ^] ^ET I =;^TT sETTT tt} tt ^yy (v. ^joi) -II < *y 
 
 a - na abi su is - ta - nap - pa - ra (v. ru) bel -u-ut 
 his father, he sent concerning the dominion ; 
 
 27. <y-M M m^ <m ^£ ^T- t£ -T <n ET 
 
 va su - u ki - i pi - i an - nim - ma 
 
 and he by ivord of mouth to me ^ t^-*^^.^ 
 
 t^yy ^yyy cc? ^ ^yy 28. ^-yyy ey m < <?:=???? -^ Tf ^y 
 
 is - ta -nap- pa- ra um -ma lu -u salim -mu a-na 
 
 sent thus: "Salutation to the 
 
 ^5S -II tt]} 29. -i^y^ ^ ^]] ^ £5S^ jtyyy ^yy^ jtyyy 
 
 sar beli yri pal - hi - is kau - sis ta - mar - ta 
 
 king my lord." Reverently and submissively his numerous 
 
116 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 I --H ^niT -m 
 
 su ka - bit - tu 
 2?resents 
 
 -^11 -TT<T t-B]} 
 
 mah - ri ya 
 
 mi/ presence. 
 
 30. i^W ^^ --T -£l Tr <T5f= 
 
 a - se - ba - la a - di 
 lie sent to 
 
 Cylinder B, Column IV, Lines 84, to Column VI, Line 92. 
 
 82. >- ?g ^Tf m -TT<T ^£T? <-^H T ^4 ^m « 
 
 Ina sibe gar - ri ya eli Te - um -man 
 
 In my seventh expedition against Teumman 
 
 85. s£55 ^.< <n £T <IeJ ISJ < -I<J IH 86. eiT <^tld 
 
 sar Elam lu - u al - lik sa eli 
 
 king of Elam I luent ; who against 
 
 T t-rn « ^B^ T -^m « ^^t ^ t ^t £T -tt<t -m 
 
 Um -man- i -gas Um -man- ap - pa Tara-ma- ri - tu 
 
 Ummanigas, Ummanappa, and Tammaritu, 
 
 87. ts v^ T IH !£Tn <IeJ se:w "-^ d^ t] m 
 
 Elam 
 Elam, 
 
 abli 
 
 sons of 
 
 abli Ur - ta - ki 
 
 sons of Urtahi, 
 
 sar 
 
 hing of 
 
 88. 
 
 Ku - clur - ru Pa - ru - u 
 
 Kudurru and Paru, 
 
 89. 1 ^:m « m ^n ^^ -^^ T IH t^TTT <IeI 90. sl5S 
 
 Um-man-al - cla -se ahu Ur- ta - ki sar 
 
 Ummanaldasi, brother of Urtaki, king of 
 
 \' Cl\ eT <l£j 91- £kw -si T-'-- I ^IT tETTT tt} ^ E^fT 
 
 Elam nisi zirati su is - ta -nap-pa- ra 
 
 Elam; his great men sent, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 117 
 
 a - na se - bu - li nisi sa - a - tii - nu sa 
 
 for the surrender of these men, who 
 
 tECm tt} -ElT <::T ET 93. cT -^T ^£El <^TT -t]} y © 
 
 in -nab- tu - niv -va iz - ba - tu niri ya se - bul 
 
 had fled and taken my yoke. Their surrender 
 
 su- nil ul air - bi su ana eli mi - mut - e - ti ina "-ii- ru 
 
 I did not grant him. Concerning the demands, by the *7 • '^^^ 
 
 m T ^tm --^T m e^n tj 95. <Mai t h j^n <t- ^? -w^ 
 
 qati Um - ba - da - ra - a va Nabii - damiq 
 
 hand of Umhadara and Nebodctmiq 
 
 ^TT !£TIT ttf s?^ KIT -=^? ^TTI^ 
 
 is - ta -nap- pa- ra arah - u 
 he sent a monthf 
 
 Column V. . 
 
 1. <iEj tyTj \-< <::^ ty <gj 5^ ^ £tyy ^.jfyy . .^yj^y 
 
 Ki - rib Elam us - tar - ra - ah ina piiliur ^^^i^;^^^^;^ 
 
 In the midst of Elam he set^ hitnself to work in^gathering [jZ^^ ^ 
 
 ^^AV^\ 2. ^Ey D T? ^! H <'tV "in ^itt^ ^5^ a -t ^ 
 
 umman su ad -gil a - na Istar sa u - tag - gil an - ni 
 
 his army. I trusted to Ishtar, ivho protects me. 
 
 3. m ^!!!T ^h ^B M ^ -!<l < <-T* J^ N <-T^ Tf il< I 
 
 ki - bit pi - i su sa - hu - u ul am -gar ul a -din su ^'-t^/^ 
 The demand of his vile mouth I did not accede to, I did not give him 
 
 4. >-tSL tt} ^]< V T? -eIT ^ T^T ^m « -^IT-T<T4 *T 
 
 mun-nab- ti sa-a- tu -nu Te-um -man li - mut -tu 
 those fugitives. Teumman devised 
 
118 ASSURE ANIPAL. 
 
 5. jr<n ^T :^ 4ir-] Tf H <« ^TT ^T ^ A-T I 
 
 is - te - ni - ha - a Sin is - te - ni - ha su 
 
 evil; Sin devised against him 
 
 6- <y<m T— tv <M]y - -^} JT H <:=:: ^-* ItJ -T!<T 
 
 l ? * * * * limutti ina arah Duza atalu lat-tur- ri 'nA/'h<-''''y ^^ 
 
 omens of evil; in the month Tammuz, the darkness of the morning 
 
 -II ^? 7. 5f<T !£m ^ ^-►fflf £T -T *! <F I £l <© £! 
 
 * * * * US - ta - ni - ih va sam - si zit va ki - ma >6c - n^a, 
 
 ^" watch he caused to 7^etard the rising sun; and like 
 
 ■ JT n -^T ET 8. m ^n— Sf^T !£!I! Jw^ ^--W !? ^T 
 
 su - a - tu va 3 immi us - ta - ni - ih a - na 
 
 this also three days he caused to retard ; to the 
 
 <m ^T ►fcy^r-^ 9. [^:s] ^-"<:rT £T <ieI n< t? 
 
 r^ " ki - it pali [sar] Elam uhalliq 
 
 e»icZ (?) i^a^ (?) " the [king^ of Elam shall he destroyed, 
 
 ^ I 10. mmmm -t ^h^ ^ <« + i w ^fp > 
 
 mata su * * * * an - ni puluk uzzi su sa 
 
 his country * * * *" this she selected ij) in her power, which 
 
 ^El ^^t^^i 11. - *T T- I ET <::= A-m Iffl 
 
 la in - ni -nu-u ina im - mi su va me - eh - ru 
 
 changed not. In those days, before 
 
 .^^^jijJi'v im - har su va saput su uq -ta- qum va -t2>/vA-t^ 
 
 she received him, her lips cursed, and "^ "|- 
 
 <|^tT I -T A^ ET 13. t^W --T ^-* ^]] V MI - 
 
 »^ eni su is - har va ga - ba - zu is - sa - kin ina 
 
 ^KXkxL \ ^^^, g^g^ flamed, and vengea^ice was fixed in her 
 
 ^m :=: V 14- ^! -<T< Idl y !=!? ^T< -T ^I Tf --T< 
 
 lib - bi sa it - ti ip - sc - e - ti an - na - a - ti 
 
 heart. About these things, which 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 119 
 
 V -T^ < -T <'tV 15. ty? ^^ I ^ <f^ -£ --! S 
 
 sa Assur va Istar e - pu -su- us ul i - ba - as '^ ^f'*^^^^ 
 
 Assur and Ishtar did to him, he kneiv not ; ^^•>'^ • 
 
 ^T -t-ld T? ^? A T? I 16. - -t=? E^cT -x^} 
 
 id - ka - a umman su iua arah Abu arah 
 
 he gathei^ed his army. In the month Ah, the month 
 
 VK^^A- na - an - har - ti kakab Bam i_ -sin- ni sar - ra - ti KaJu-dx. Ji 
 
 ...^x J^ ^Z* i^i^ luminous Sagittarius, in the festival of the tk<, £/x(M 
 
 •77 - - - -J ^ J ^^ 
 
 -^H ^ITTT -^^ ^S tv -^TII ^TTT is- T? ^T ^ ^T (v. >=!!!<) 
 
 ka - bit - ti bintu Bel a- na pa-lah (v. luh) 
 
 mighty queen, the daughter of Bel ; to ivorship 
 
 V £1- -^T< ^ --T -B 19- - -^TT f!= H -::TT ^T >^<^T 
 
 t^ " sa rab - ti as - ba - ak ina Arba- il alu na - ram 
 
 her greatly I sacrijiced{f) in Arhela, the city the delight of cc^J><f^ 
 
 lib -bi sa as -su ti -bu-ut Elam - e sa ba - lu 
 
 her heart. Of the invasion of the Elamite, who against 
 
 -TT— ^y --T T? 21. \y.w V] -T -j^ < ^ 
 
 Hi it - ba - a [u - sa] - an - nu - u - ni 
 
 the Gods came; they repeated 
 
 -^t| tf? -^ 22. t^iiT t] y ^y <yyy « <IeJ T? =^ 
 
 de - e - mu um - ma Te - um - man ki - a - am 
 
 loord thus : " Teumman ■ even 
 
 -VV ^ 23. "gyy H <7/ ^yyy^ v --y rv^ < it^ Ifcl 
 
 ig - bi sa Istar u - sa - an - nu - u me - lik 
 
 saith of Ishtar," they repeated the tenor 
 
 ^-y y^ I 24. t-yyy ey <ty^ ^yyyt + ^u Tf <!!?= 
 
 de - mi su um - ma ul u - vas - sar a - di 
 
 of his words, thus: "I will not cease until 
 
120 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 m -ET IeJ 25. ^y ^T< I [yr^n -!? *^- I 
 
 al - la - ku it - ti su [a - na] e - pu - su 
 
 / go ivith him [to^ make 
 
 -< -H t'^ -T< 26. jy ^y <- ^yy<y ^^^fyy ^y< -y ti^ ^y< 
 
 mit- hu - zu - ti su -par me - ri - ih - ti an - ni - ti 
 
 -el i%i4,7 '^^<^^'-" Over tliis^ threat, 
 
 V y ^y t-yyy « 27. ^y<y^ ^- < t;4 ^g^ [T] ^t^ -A< 
 
 sa Te - um -man ig - bu - u am - har [sa] - qu - ti 
 
 ^/ which Teumman had spoken^ I prayed to the lofty 
 
 ..y ^yy -^ 28. y? (v. t^E ) -yyy t\ y? -^y -^ tm v 
 
 Is - tar a (v. az) - zi - ma a - na tar - zi sa 
 
 Ishtar. I approached to her presence, 
 
 -B V -T V -^K V 29. .^y ^►yKy ^ ^.yyy^ v ^^T ^ W 
 
 ak -mi- is sa - pal sa Ilu - us - sa u -sa-ap-pa-a 
 
 / hoived under her, her divinity I sup>plicated, 
 
 t^^t]] ^Ey -^ki <yri^ t] \\ y? 30. t-yyy t^ -< Ci 
 
 il - la - ka salim - ma ai um - ma bi - lat ^^ 
 
 and she came to save me. Tlmis : " Goddess of 
 
 .-yy tt ►-y y? ^y lij y --^ ^^ y? « *.^ --v 
 
 Arba - il a - na - ku Assur - bani - pal sar Assur 
 
 Arhela, 1 am Assurhanipal king of Assyria, 
 
 31. ^^^] m m mmrnmmB ^et --t ^ <m 
 
 bi - nu - ut qati ki * * * * * abu ba - nu - ki 
 the work of thy hands * * * * * the father thy hegetter, 
 
 32. y? ^y ^y s^y <y- <« ^yy<y ty? ^y< ^.- ^^y^ <l£j <y-lElJ 
 
 a - na ud - du - si es - re - e - ti Assur va 
 
 to restore the temples of Assyria, and 
 
 <v B- t] ]\< -yy^ ^ £^ <iEy 'wwmmmim 
 
 suk - lul ma - ha - zi Akkad * * * * * * 
 
 JjL. "V adorn the cities of Akkad * * * * * * 
 
ASSURHAXITAL. 121 
 
 33. T? ^T lEf * -TT<T i=n <!eJ * *4 ^ A-] T? 
 
 a - na - ku as - re - e ki as - te - ni - lia - a 
 / thy courts desire, 
 
 ^VT .tgyy ^tU ]} ^I * -TTT< 'm^mmi 34. <y^iED 
 
 al - li - ka a - na pa - luh * * * * * va 
 
 / go to tvorship * * * * * and 
 
 jy tyyyt y yy c^yyy « « \^ <;rT eT <IeJ -eT -^ V £??< 
 
 su - u Te - um -man sar Elam la mu-sa-kir 
 
 he, Teumman king of Elam, hater of the 
 
 H f— © ill -£Mn II -^T en 35. t:yyy t] tt] -y< ^ iz 
 
 Hi ku * * li a- na * * um -ma at- ti bi-lat 
 
 Gods * * * ^0 * * thou Goddess 
 
 ^ .£gyy ^yj ^y< ^e v c^ -£gyy ^ <:z >£yyy ;?< ^yy*^ 
 
 bi - le - e - ti i -mat qab - li bi - lat ta - ha - zi 
 of Goddesses, terrible in battle. Goddess of war. 
 
 et-^tm;;> 
 
 ■^T T^"^ 
 
 
 ma- li - kat 
 
 Hi 
 
 TJC tTC 7l& 
 
 queen of the 
 
 Gods 
 
 * * * 
 
 36. V - ET 4^ - 
 
 sa ina ma - bar Assur 
 ivho in the 2^'i"esence of Assur 
 
 -ey -ty c^ <iEy <y^^j[ ^j^j^ t^ - ^e ^ CfF im& 
 
 abi ba - ni ki damqatim tag - In - i ina na * * * 
 
 the father thy begetter, speakest good in * * * 
 
 37. ahU JT ?K -I cs mm 38. y? ^y jy miy ^^fe ^yyy - 
 
 ih. - su-ha an - ni * * * a-na su-du-ub lib-bi 
 
 loved me * * * * * to make glad the heart of 
 
 Assur vanu- uh -hi ka -bat- ti Maruduk * * ru - ur - ru 
 Assur, and rejoice greatly Merodach * * * * * 
 
 <m <mm 39. g^ n vt ^m « « ^ <n et <iej 
 
 ki * * * * as-su Te- um -man sar Elam 
 
 they * * * * Of Teumman king of Elam 
 
 R 
 
122 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 40. eii y, ^T ^^]4i [J^m -T T— ] 41. -EI -^] ^ m 
 
 sa a - na Assur [sar Tli] abi ba - ni ki 
 
 tvho to Assur [king of the Gods,^ the father thy begetter 
 
 A-'W -m < mmmm «• <meii tj -^t h <::^t 
 
 ih - tu - u * * * * va a - na Mariiduk 
 
 * * * * * * * * a7id to Merodach 
 
 £:si^ ^TTT -£gTT T- <iei -t ^i jt -t<t^ wmmm . 
 
 ahu ta - li - mi ki Ilu - tu su nam * * * * yjci^Ux. -.<^ 
 thy good brother, his divinity * * * * * * 
 
 va ya - a - si Assar -bani-pal sa a - na nu- uh 
 and of me Assiirbanipal, who to rejoice the 
 
 ^iTT ^ -TA < -^rnmmmm 42. ^y ^^tj t? 
 
 lib - bi Assur va ****** * id - ka - a 
 
 heart of Assur and ******* he gathered 
 
 *} A ]} (v. <rTT «) I -T<T^ t^S &TT t^TTT ?K --IT 
 
 umman (v. um -man) su ik - zu - ra ta - ha - z\i 
 
 his army^ and prepared for ivar, 
 
 43. tTTT^ V A-] T? -ET ^T IeT T— I T? ^T T? m 
 
 u - sa - ha - a - la kakki su a - na a - lak 
 
 he urges his fighting men to go to 
 
 
 -V <IeJ 44. t^TTT ET m -<V ^T ^M -<V -T T— 
 
 Assur um -ma at - ti qa - sit - ti Hi 
 
 Assyria. Oh thou archer of the Gods, 
 
 <ST +AtT?? 45. ^ A-T ^i^T'^ (v. t<2ij) -^T ?K -TT<T 
 
 Z^ kima (bilatj ina qa - bal (v. qabal) tam-ha- ri 
 
 f^ like a weight in the midst of battle, 
 
 /^- ^\ <T^ -TT<T I £T <T!^ <2<I I T- -I<T ^ITT^ 
 
 li-il bu - ud - di - ri su va di - kis -su mi - hu - u 
 
 throiu }din down, and crush him; tear{?) 
 
ASSURBANIPAI,. 123 
 
 46. ^^yy <T- ■,^ JJm A m} J! -^ -W «) -^T< M <V,' 
 
 iin - si - nu in - hi ya sii - nu - Im - (u) - ti Istar 
 * * * * Ml/ acceptable jyrayer Ishtar 
 
 (V. c^TT ^) ^yf y» (^y?) ey 47. ^^y -^yyy -^^T^ ^W 
 
 (v. Is - tar) is - me - (e) va la ta - pal - luh 
 
 heard, and '^ fear not" 
 
 (v. '^y) ^y,y^ ^^y y{ ^yyyt Jtl 4^ ?? -T ^ ^ *^- 
 
 (v. lah) ig - ba - a u - sar - hi - za an - ni lib - bu 
 she said, she caused my heart to rejoice ; 
 
 48. y? ^y :^ t^yy jy^ -ttl "gTT IH V T? <T-Tr -tid 
 
 a - na ni - is qati ka sa tas - sa - a enu ka 
 " At the lifting up of thy hand 'which thou liftest, thine eyes 
 
 Afl -£T T? <T* A4f ^T 49. <y^^yy<y jsyyy <y^ bh 
 
 im - la - a di - im - tu ar - ta - si remu 
 
 shall he satisfied ivith the judgment. I ivill grant favour." 
 
 (v. ^yy<y ^y^ .^) >- x- >^ <y^ jy y? ^^y v ==4 -W IIH 
 
 (v. re - e -mu) ina sat mu- si su - a - tu sa am - hu - ru 
 In the midst of that night when I invoked 
 
 (r. A^) <T; 50. y ^11 (£:fs) *HI m < -TTT- -eeT <-T^ 
 
 (v. har) si edin sap - ra -u n - tu - ul 
 
 her, then a seer slept, 
 
 Ey tE ^y (cEy) -yy<T >-]a <^^ si. ^e ^yy^ ^^yy -y< 
 
 va i • 
 
 - na - (at) - tal 
 
 suttu 
 
 i - gi - 
 
 il - ti 
 
 and 
 
 dreamed 
 
 a 
 
 remxirhahle 
 
 dream. 
 
 Ey ^ m-^ <y -t <'tV ►iiT'^ ^tu 'an < i 
 
 va tap - sit mu - si Istar u - sap - ru - u su 
 
 and during the night Ishtar spoke to him, and he 
 
 52. tyyyc v .^y ^y y? ^Ey? V, -y< trlTT eT -T <'t7 T? <T- -< 
 
 u - sa - an - na - a ya - a - ti um -ma Istar a - si - bat 
 repeated it to me. Thus: ''Ishtar dwelling in 
 
124 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Arba - il ^ e - ru - ub (v. ba) - av - va imnu va 
 
 Arhela, entered, and right and 
 
 TT«< -m <-V (V- <te!) -eT T? t^m ^IT ^ !? --T< 
 
 sumiK tu - ul (v. till) - la - a - ta - is - pa - a - ti 
 
 left she uxis surrounded with glory (J), 
 
 54. ^T ??< tt] cT O i^E --n (V- -) -E <!* V 56. t- <V 
 
 tarn -ha- at mitpanu i - na (v. ina) i - di sa zal-pat 
 
 holding a how in ■ her hand, projecting 
 
 muz -za- ru kap - tu sa e - pis ta -ha- zi (v. taliaz) 
 a ijoiverful arrow ij) on making ivar, 
 
 56. ET 4l^ V t^ITT (^^) -IV^ ^T <T- fE <IEJ ET ^1 
 
 ma- har sa ta - (az) - zi - iz si - i ki -ma umma 
 her countenance was set. She like a mother 
 
 67. I? <:z ►xy< ^E ^y ET ]} BSi] -<]< -^H 
 
 a- lit - ti i -tarn -ma -a it - ti 
 hearing, was in 'pain with 
 
 --U -\ <\V V ^^ ^T (^- «-) 
 
 ka Istar sa - qu -ut (v. qut) 
 
 thee forth. Ishtar excdted of the 
 
 -^Id t^^T ^]] ^ 59. t-iTi ET !£TTT -^T ^TT -eT If -^T 
 
 ka de - e -mu um -ma ta - na - da - la a- na 
 
 thee a decree. Thus: 'Carry off to 
 
 A] m V s <r- 60. 1? seh Ji^ ^ <iEj m* -^ 
 
 e - pis sa - as - si a - sar pa - nu ki sak - nu 
 
 make spoil, the place hefore thee set, 
 
 ^^i -^T mv^-^^m 61. tET t^m t^m -^ ^ <r- 
 
 te - ba - ku a - na - ku at - ta ta - gab - bi si 
 
 / will come to! Tliou shalt say to her. 
 
 ^H 
 
 58. ::i^n*^n 
 
 ka 
 
 il - si 
 
 theCy 
 
 she brought 
 
 -" y.^^ 
 
 ^ -AW -^ 
 
 Hi 
 
 i - sak - kan 
 
 Gods, 
 
 appointeth 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 125 
 
 !^:m £T n siH -TT<T -ET <l£j 62. ^y ^t< <iej jy^ nd 
 
 iim -ma a - sar tal - la - ki it - ti ki lul - lik 
 
 thus: 'The i-)lace thou goest to ivith thee I will go.' TJie 
 
 -< <:r ^ T— 03. <y^ pt ^tgy V ^^y ^-jnj .-^1 ^tm £T 
 
 bi - Lit bileti si - i tu - sa - au - nak - ka urn - ma 
 
 Goddess of Goddesses she repeateth to thee thus: 
 
 xEy t=;yyy y? ^B ^] 64. igj «) g: ^^y ^tyyy yj jtl 
 
 at - ta a- gan - na ' lu - (u) as - ba - ta a- sar 
 
 ' Thee I luill guard, then I ivill rest in the place of the 
 
 >f ^y tE ►+ j^ 65. y? ►<^ ]} .-H M <!- -T< 
 
 mas- gan- i Nabu a - kul a- ka - lu si - ti 
 
 temple of Neho, eat food, drink 
 
 m ^M -]}} ^ 66. tvey jv^ ^y jy ^y^i^^yyy ^ A-] E^T 
 
 ku- ru - un -nu nin - gu -ut su - kun nu- hi - id 
 
 2vine, music appoint, olorifj my 
 
 --T i-W) -<V 67. y; <y:^ ti<y ^gy m V 'mi 
 
 I Ilu - (u) - ti a - di al - la - ku sip - ru 
 
 divinity, until I go, and this 
 
 jy y? -m M ^^- i os. ^yyy^ -^]]^ v ^ 
 
 su - a - tu ip - pu - su u - sak - sa - du 
 
 tnessage shall he accomplished. I luill cause thee to 
 
 t^s (^:yyy) y- -tt- iin ti --id eo. ifr ^ < ^-h <ty^ 
 
 zu - (um) -mi- rat lib-bi ka pa-nu-u ka ul 
 
 take the desire of thy heart, before thee he shall not 
 
 H t- <^]^ ^t t]]]] ^jn t^yy <^yy -eh to. <ty^ 
 
 ur - rak ul i - nir - ru - da sepi ka ul 
 
 stand, he shall not oppose thy feet Do not 
 
 j£Tii m- ^<^ --IT ^T -^u - 1<^} ^1 u< -ir<r 71. >- 
 
 ta - u -sat zu -par ka ina qabal tam-ha- ri ina 
 
 regard (i') thy skin. In the midst of battle, in 
 
126 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <IeJ D <^^ V A^W ^^^ mi s£Jw -tid ET 
 
 ki - rim - me sa clabti tah - zi - in ka va 
 
 /ler beneficent ge7ierosit//, she guards thee, and 
 
 72. t^^^ *^r ^] -n^ ETIIEf ^E| yj -^ ^tU 73. ^ ^ 5^ V 
 tah - te- na gi - mir la a-ni- ka pa-nu- us -sa 
 
 overthrows all the unsuhniissive. Before her, 
 
 -T s^r + tE^ ^T ^T- A-TTT (^I -yy^ ^TD 74. yj ^y 
 
 isatu in - na - pi - ih (iz - zi - is) a - na 
 
 afire is blown (strongly) ; to 
 
 ka - sa - ad nakiri [ka] * * * * zi a - na 
 
 capture [^%] enemies * * * * * to 
 
 (v. -) T? H< T? -<T< 75. ty? ^^yy y *^y t^yyy « ^^ 
 
 (ina) a-ha-a- ti e- li Te - um -man sar 
 
 {v. in) each other {?)." Against Teumman king of 
 
 \^ <n ET m 76. -gyy ts?! ^►^ ^yyy^ m * -j^ Sf^T V 
 
 Elam sa ug - gu - ga - at pa-nu- us -sa 
 
 Elam who was hateful before her, she 
 
 m dAHiT 77. ^ ^-? TEii <^ ^y -tm t— -e «< ^ 
 
 tas - kun ina arah. Elulu i -sin-ni 
 
 appointed. In the month Elul, the festival of 
 
 -]A -tEll 78. ^t^j ^^y«< ^y ^^y cHH -T ^Tf < 
 
 Assur ziru arah Sin na - an - nir same va 
 
 Assur the Great, the month of Sin the luminary of heaven and 
 
 m -t^ -Ey D T (y- 1? -^i) <« + 79. H E:s'^ <IeI -TT<y 
 
 irziti ad - gil ana (v. a - na) uzzi Ur - ri 
 
 earth, I trusted to the p)ower of Hur 
 
 -VY^ -TT<T <T-^ <T; ^T -T <V/ U m) "iTT -Ey 
 
 nam - ri va si -par Istar bilat ya sa la 
 
 the bright, and the message of Ishtar my Goddess who is 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 127 
 
 ^:m tVET (y- Sff:) -j^ < 80. tET <m '^? T— -!^T ^ETf 
 
 in - nin (v. ni) -nu-ii ad - ke zabi tahaz ya 
 
 unchanged. I gathered my men of war, 
 
 -m ^^^ ttn -gTT ;- <^ -Tin -ta -t <« < -t <\v 
 
 mun- tah - zi sa ina ki - bit Assur Sin va Istar 
 the Jighting men ivho hy command of A ssur, Sin and Ishtar ; 
 
 81. ^T !£TTT -^T ^ E^TI m E<2<I? *T ??< -n<T 
 
 it - ta - na - as - ra - du qabal tarn - ha - ri 
 were arranged in order of battle. 
 
 82. tff -E^ r vT t^TTT « tiSS ^--^ <;rT eT <IeJ ih -t<t 
 
 e - li Te- um -man sar Elam ur - hu 
 
 Against Teumman king of Elam, the road 
 
 t^ ^ El 83. [^ -4 <« *^] tt]] A^ E::TT -S^ 
 az - bat va [us - te - es - se] - ra mur - ra - nu 
 
 / took, and directed the march. 
 
 t-M -ET >^ < T? T *^T ^m « « *<^ <::t et <m 
 
 el - la - mil - u a Te - um -man sar Elam 
 
 In front of me, Teumman king of Elam 
 
 84. i^^^ [-^U <lJt « m\ *T ^V^ -Iff J5S --I< ^ETf 
 
 * * * * [na,] - di man- dak -ta e -rib saru - ti ya 
 
 * * * * camp teas ijlaced. Of my royal entry, 
 
 85. V m ^^v^ ^B -I m ^n v -n et ^y ^ -tyy 
 
 sa ki -rib Dur - il is -me- e va iz -bat su 
 
 in the midst of Duril he heard ; and fear took 
 
 J?= -^T T vT i^^TTT « HI !=TTT< eT 8(5. ^%^\ i tE tgE 
 
 hat- tu Te - um -man ip - luh va arku su i - tur 
 
 hold of him. Teumman feared, and after him turned 
 
 i^T? iin t* [<TEj ^it?] -^tt jt V -I 87. wm^m -tt^ 
 
 e - ru - ub [ki - rib] Su-sa -an * * * * gi 
 
 and. entered [into'] Shushan. * * * * * * 
 
128 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Vj -^t jt --tt fc* -w -t^ I 88. mmmm t? ^t 
 
 [si - na su - zu - ub napis - ti su ***** a - na 
 
 To save his life ***** to the 
 
 tTU T— ^^ I 89. i^^ipiii .i^H ^t <T^ fE I 
 
 nisi mati su ***** ka i - di - i su 
 
 2'>eople of his countri/ ***** his hand(?), 
 
 ^•^^u ^w ^^f?ff (V. ^i) ^<^i ET 90. mmmm 
 
 pa-nu-us -su u - tir (v, te) - rav -va * * * * 
 
 before him returned, and * * * * 
 
 [^11] £V ]} ^T -^11 -TT<T t£T? 91. [y? b tyiyt ^t]] y? y? 
 
 [is] - pur a - na mah - ri ya [U - la] - ai 
 
 \_he~\ sent to my prese/ice. The Ulai 
 
 r? -^T m ^ -A< I ^n -ia-itt 92. niigg ^ h 
 
 a - na dan - nu - ti su is - kun * * * * pa - an 
 
 for himself he fortified * * * * hefore 
 
 + <^ -If 93. mmmmm -\ <::^t --t ^— tv v~ 
 
 mas -ke-e ***** Mamduk Hi rabati 
 
 my camj) .^ ^ ^f. .^ ^ Merodach, the great Gods 
 
 -II T— m) 94. V ^yyyt ^^ o s^TIT^ tl^ ^rf^ 95. >- 
 
 beli ya sa u - tag - gil - u in - ni ina 
 
 my lords ; who protected ■ me : in 
 
 <K:nT T— -T4i <^^ -^H V <T- ^} -mi a ^if 
 
 * * * suttu ka - sa si - par mah - lie - e 
 
 omens of a dream, had given (?) a grand message. 
 
 96. <^ tyy? ^^yy <fEy ^ggyy ty <y^ <y^ i ^ .y^.^yyy 
 
 ki - rib Tul - li - iz abikta su as - kun 
 
 In Tidliz his overthrow I accomplished; 
 
 ^i.^t:^^]^ I -j^ Tf tyyyt ^gy y? y? ^^ <iEy j^ 
 
 ina pagari su- nu U - la - ai as - ki - ir 
 
 ynth their corpses, the Ulai I choked vp 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 129 
 
 98. iVET T? yy I r?^ <IeJ ET ^T O < ^1 -W -^ITI 
 
 nen - a - te sii - nu ki - ma mitpanu va iz - u - gir 
 Their ivives, like hows and arrows, 
 
 90. tyyy^ ey ci<y ^gy y? ^^yyy ^yy^ ^y< .-yy .sy v ..y 
 
 u -ma- al - la - a ta - mar - ti Su - sa - an 
 
 Jilled the vicinity of Shushan. 
 
 100. tyy:?r ^ y vy !=:yyy « -iSS ^^Htl] £T m 101. ^ 
 
 qaqadu Te- um -man sar Elam ina 
 
 TJie head of Teumman king of Elarrl, by 
 
 m -mr -ia -t <::^i -tt— em— -in— ^et? 
 
 ki - bit Assur Maruduk Hi rabati beli ya 
 
 command of Assur and Merodach, the great Gods my lords ; 
 
 " --T+T ^? AT? [I -B <H] 102. <tt <-]] h -T4 < 
 
 ina puhri umman [su ak - kis] me - lam - mi Assur va 
 
 hefoi^e the assembly of IMS'] army [/ cut off~\. Terror of Assur and h^c^^fjz^ 
 
 ^^y <;v \^ <::=y t] m 103. ^y ^y<y ^^ t] -y<y^ ^ i 
 
 Istar Elam is - hu - up va ik -nu-su 
 
 Ishtar, Elam overwhelmed, and they submitted 
 
 T? -^I ^ -TT<T -Ey? 104. yp-yyy « ^e ^ V 
 
 a - na ni - ri ya Um - man- i - gas sa 
 
 to my yoke. Ummanigas icho 
 
 ^im tt} jEyyy 105. ^y -.^y t^yyy <fEyy ::Ey? - ^y tv^ f? 
 
 in -nab- ta iz - ba - ta niri ya ina kuzzu 
 
 fed, and took my yoke, on his throne 
 
 I ^TTT^ *^ T- 
 
 su u - se - sib 
 / seated. 
 
130 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Column VI. 
 
 1- T -^T EI -T1<T -^T E^m^ I 1^ V T? (TD 2. ^ 
 
 Tarn - ma - ri - tu ahu su sal - sa - ai ina 
 
 Tammaritu, his third brother, in 
 
 Hi - da - lu a - na 
 Hidalu to the 
 
 sar - u - ti as - kun 
 kingdom, I appointed. 
 
 3. ti a T- 
 
 ruqubi 
 Chariots 
 
 pare 
 and mules, 
 
 •pyy ^.- .y^E^y 
 
 si -mat tahaz 
 fashioned for war ; 
 
 _yy 
 
 Hi 
 
 i^y t^^ ttyyy ::: 
 
 zu - um bi 
 of ivar. 
 
 m 
 
 ■K 
 
 E^n \ 
 
 SUSl 
 
 horses 
 
 4. -^yy ^ ^y< ^ j.^ ^yy<y ?ry ^ ^^yy 
 
 zi -bat- ti ni - i - ri bat- le 
 
 trained to the yoke, instruments 
 
 5. W - m -^V HA «) -T <\v 
 
 sa ilia tugul- ti Assur (va) Istar 
 ivhich in the service of Assur and Ishtar, 
 
 rabati 
 
 beli 
 
 -^} 
 
 the great Gods my 
 
 lords. 
 
 bi - rit Su - sa - an 
 
 7iear Shushan 
 
 T? B -W -Ey ]] ]} -W JT BT m T? T? 
 
 U - la - ai ik - su - da qati ai 
 and the Ulai, my hands ccqjtured; 
 
 Assur va Hi 
 Assur and the 
 
 Ey-y— -in- 
 
 rabati beli 
 
 great Gods my 
 
 ---It 
 
 lords. 
 
 7- - <iEj -riTT 
 
 ina ki - bit 
 hy command of 
 
 8. <j.y.- ^^y 
 
 ul - tu 
 from 
 
 m -II? ^-^ <n El <l£j J?< T ^III^ V, ^A EI 9. I? 
 
 ki - rib Elam ha-dis u -za- av -va a - na 
 
 the midst of Elam, joyfully I brought out, and to 
 
ASSURBAMPAL. 131 
 
 -TTA ^m ^? A I? ^El? V it- -0] -'\]^ -^T ^ET 
 
 gi - mir umman ya sa sal - tu sak - na - at 
 
 all my army, for spoil tJie>/ vere given. 
 
 10. - ?« fl? E?K -n<T ten <-^H T ^T -^! -j^ -^ 
 
 Ina samne gar - ri ya eli Du - na - nu ablu 
 
 In my seventh expedition, against Dunanu son of 
 
 y ^11 ^^y V 11. ]] ^\ \^ \ ^^ -geyy ieij< ti<y m 
 
 Bel- ba -sa a- na Gam- bu - li lu -u al - Ilk 
 
 Belhasa, to Gamhuli I went ; 
 
 12. 7 yf ^y ^~ \< <-y ey <iEy ^y ^^ ^ 13. ^Ey y? 
 
 sa a - na sar Elam it - tag - lu la - a 
 
 ivho to the king of Elam had trusted, and did not 
 
 ik - nu - sa a - na niri ya ta - ha - zi 
 
 submit to my yoke. ' By my fjowerful 
 
 m ^ \' \ V- -ggyy ]} ^y vyy ^y ^y< y 15. <iEy t] 
 
 dan-nu Gam-bu- li a- na si - hir - ti su ki -ma 
 
 attack Gamhuli through its extent, like a 
 
 sar - bare ak - turn Sa - pi - i - bel 
 
 hailstorm I covered. Sapihel 
 
 ^-yy tyy? ^ ^y< i 17. -gyy <iEy ^yy? yyy^ ^y t?yy -^y 
 
 alu dan-nu- ti -su sa ki - rib me na - da - at 
 
 its strong city ; ivhich in the midst of the ivaters loas 
 
 jy -^ >-^TT -S JT ^T 18- T =^I -^T -j^ e:s^T— I 
 
 su-bat su ak - su -ud Du - na - nu abi su 
 
 situated, I captured. Dunanu and his brothers, 
 
 <A^ -m m m -^^tt i t? ^t 19- -^^ m n^iy ^t?? 
 
 ul - tu ki -rib aia «u- a-tu bal - du - su - un 
 
 from the midst of that city, alive I 
 
132 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cm- V ?? T? 20. tVfET -^TT s^ET— I tfftM— I 
 
 u -se-za-a allat su abli su binti su 
 
 brought out. His wife, his sons, his daughters, 
 
 t> II -TI<T ^T< I 21. £qs B]^ r— ^- JT^ !— 
 
 sal sik- ri - ti su nis labi sal labi 
 
 his concubineSf male musicians and female musicians, 
 
 cin^ ^^ ]] t:^ tT -t'- -EH i=^ -7^ 22. <r, -^y <H -IT4 
 
 11 -se-za- av - va sal- la-tis am -nu kasap huraz 
 
 / brought out, and as spoil I counted. Silver, gold, 
 
 V JT -^T ^"B -<V -ITTI ET- I 23. ^w ^ Tr =^ eT 
 
 sa-su na -gan- ti e - kal su u -se-za- av -va 
 
 furniture, and musical instruments of his 2^c<,lctce, I brought out, and 
 
 tv 'EM =^ ^ 24. mmmm « Vr^"^^^ i 
 
 sal- la -tis am - nu * * * * man-za- az pa - ni su 
 
 as spoil I counted. ' * * * * standing before him 
 
 ehs ^^it-o <!ei -ieT(?) < 25. mmim -w x^Vr^^^^i 
 
 mar - ki - tu - u(?) * * * u -se-za- av -va 
 
 ******** * * * / brought out, and 
 
 tV .ty y ;-4 ^ 26. mmMM Ey -Ey -^y I < 
 
 sal- la -tis am - nu * * * * * ma- la ba -su-u 
 
 as spoil I counted. ***** all there ivas 
 
 27. isiisis [tM -Ey y =;4 ^ 2s. ]>^'^mmmm 
 
 * * * * [sal]- la -tis am -nu Mas- si * * * * 
 
 * * * * as spoil I counted. Massi the officer (J) 
 
 29. "gyy y ^^y ^^yyy « [ti^s ^^ <n Ey <iEy so. -eyy 
 
 sa Te - um - man [sar Elam] sa 
 
 of Teumman [king of Elam]; who 
 
 y; ^y i^yyy -yy<y a ^ ^y -^i 31. ^ ^- m v-m 
 
 a - na kit - ri [Du - na -nu] as - bu ki - [rib 
 
 to aid [Dunanu~\ dwelt within 
 
ASSHEBANIPAL. 133 
 
 "t]] V ^h -t] -tUl 32. -J^y^ TTg.1 y^y<y .-^yy . (jy,y 
 
 Sa - pi - ij - bel bal - du - us - su ina [qati 
 
 [Sajn'jhel: alive in \hand] I 
 
 ^m-< 33. ^y H[< jfz cs: y t;<y ^y .^ Hm^l^ 
 
 az] -bat it - ti pa-ni Du- na -nu * * * * * 
 
 took, ivith the officers of Dunanu ***** 
 
 34. -cyy jy y? -Eiy t^y ^ ^q [^yy ^ y? y>^ s^^y ^^e ^] 
 
 alu su-a- til ab-bul ag -[gur ina me us - ham -mid] 
 That city I pulled down, destroyed [and into the ivaters I tinned]. 
 
 35. yf <y^ ^gy -ty ^ ^y? ^ [^yyy -] m. ^y ^.^ ^yyy^ 
 
 a - di la ba - se - e ina [lib - bi] na - gu - u 
 
 Until 7ione ivere in the midst, that 
 
 JT If V-m\ -W -^f^?H? m 37. ^yy<y <^\ yj y^ igj ^y< 
 
 su-a- [tu] u - sah -rib ri - kim a -mi- lu - ti 
 
 district I laid waste. The passage of people, 
 
 tx.] ^jn ^ s:^>^^? m I 38. . ^£Ey ^<^ ^y< ^.y^ ^cyn 
 
 ap - ru - sa zir - us -su ina tu - gul - ti Assur Bel 
 
 / cut off from over it. In the serwice of Assur, Bel 
 
 '■t]B -y T— ET-T— 39. E;sf "ir r— t£y? yf :^ f?< 
 
 Nabu Hi rabati nakiri ya a - ni - ha 
 
 and Neho the great Gods; my enemies I rested from: 
 
 40. ^.y.^ yj ^ggy t-yy yy ^y ^hI <IeJ 41. -^yy^^ ^ 
 
 sal- mis a - tu - ra a- na Ninua qaqadu 
 
 peacefully, I returned to Nineveh. The head of 
 
 y ^^I t^TTT « ti^S ^-" <n EI <!eJ 42. ^ 4^ y t<] ^y ^ 
 
 Te- um -man sar Elam ina kibi Du -na-nu 
 
 Teumman king of Elam, round the neck of Dunanv, 
 
 \] JT^ 43. ^y ^y< <Tgf t:jn ^y< *.- <;rT £T <!eI 
 
 a - lul it - ti ki - sit - ti Elam 
 
 / hung. With the conquests of Elam, 
 
134 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 44. tv ^ty c£T (v. ^T<) "*■■' \ ^- -c^TT 45. "gyy ^ 
 
 sal - la - at (v, ti) Gam- bu - li sa ina 
 
 and the spoil of GamhuU ; ivhich by 
 
 m -m H4 -H^ M] ^ (y- SIT) Mh T? T? 46. ^y ^t< 
 
 ki - bit Assur ik - su - du (v. da) qati ai it - ti 
 
 command of Assur, my hands had taken; ivith 
 
 £hw M- I— s^Tf EtK t^ET :>^ -<T< 47. yf ^y -tyy t^I <!eJ 
 
 nis labi e - pis nin - gu - ti a - na Ninua 
 
 musicians making music, into Nineveh, 
 
 ^y? ^jn ti^ - I 'gyyy'>^ 48. y t-yyy ^^y syy £^yy yj 
 
 e - ru - ub ina hidati Um - ba - da - ra - a 
 
 / entei'ed tvith rejoicings. Umhadara and 
 
 y -^y ^ <y^ ^ ^y<y^ 49. e^^ -siiy^~ "gyy y ^y !=-yyy « 
 
 Nabu - damiq nisi zirati sa Te - um -man 
 
 Nehodamiq, great men of Teumman 
 
 « '.^ <:rT £T <IeJ 50. -gyy y ^y t^yyy « . ^y^ \ ^ 
 
 ear Elam sa Te - um -man ina qati su-nu 
 
 king of Elam; whom Teummayi by their hand 
 
 61. <y. ^y y. .yy<y ^„yyy ^y< >gyy . 
 
 si - par mi - ri - ih - ti sa ina 
 the threatening message, ivhom in 
 
 -mi -rw m\ -0 m -W 52. ^yyy^ j^y aH ^!!T= 
 
 mah - ri ya ak - lu - u u - qa - hu - u 
 
 my iwesence I confined, and bound, 
 
 * -\ <V m =^^T (^Tf ) T- m\ 53. j^ <2<i tyyj!^ ts\ 
 
 pa- an si - kin de - (e) mi ya ni - kis qaqadu 
 
 until the fixing of my sentence : the decapitated head of 
 
 y ^^y ^-yyy « ^n i ^ <iEy ^yy? (^^yy) t^y <iEy 
 
 Te - um - man bel su - nu ki - rib Ninua 
 
 Teummxin their lord, in Nineveh 
 
 ^w ^- 
 
 E^TI 
 
 is - pu - 
 
 ra 
 
 sent 
 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 135 
 
 54. fctJ ^ *ffl £! V Sfl^ -I? ^^1 -]} <c:: tl -^ -M ^ --!< 
 
 e -mu- ru va sa-ne - e de - e - mi iz-bat su -nu- ti 
 thei/ saw, and another opinion took hold of them. 
 
 65. T Km --T B]\ E^TT I't tn :::;^ eT -<H ^ITM 
 
 Um - ba - da - ra - a ip - qu -ma ziq - na - a su lU^ilL ^ 
 Umhadara tore his beard, 
 
 56. 1 ^^tj^ <t-^? -v]^ - -^m ~T-T h^u) -y<! -et 
 
 Nabu - damiq ina gir parzil sib - bi su iz - hu - la 
 Nehodamiq loith the steel sword of his girdle, pierced 
 
 -^Id E^TI (V. ^TN) hSE -i^TT 57. c^ <h: ^IIsJ^ ^ 
 
 ka - ra (v. kar) - as su ni - kis qaqadu 
 
 through his Ipivn] body. The decapitated head of 
 
 ]'^]i^tm « - sV' c^? ty- £<Kt 68. ^yy -tiT tSKKlEj 
 
 Te- um -man ina sati babi rabi qabal sa Ninua 
 
 Teuniman, in front of the great gate situated in Nineveh ; 
 
 f T!T- -=EII A £tTT -tElI -y<y "pyy:?= 59. s I Kyy ^y ^.y 
 
 u - mah -hi- ra mah - hu - ris as -su da - na - an 
 
 / raised on high. By the i^oicer of 
 
 HA < -T <',7 -II I— t£T? m T— -<^ m T- 
 
 Assur va Istar beli ya nisi kul - ki - mi 
 
 Assur and Ishtar my lords, the people reviled ij) 
 
 60. ^ <h: -^yyjfr ^ y ^y t-yyy « « -.-^ <:ry t] m 
 
 ni - kis qaqadu Te - um -man sar Elam 
 
 the decapitated head of Teumman king of Elam. 
 
 61. y cf 5^y y? y? c^ y ^t]B ^ <h «=? ^^ 
 
 Pal - ai ablu Nabu - sa - pan ablu-ablu 
 
 Palia son of Nehosapan, grandson of 
 
 y H <::^I n ^ - 62. -gyy -ey ^ ^^ tt] m -^ t^ ttT, 
 
 Maruduk -bal-iddina sa la pa -an abu abi ba - ni ya 
 
 Merodachhaladan, oftvhomfrom the face of the grandfather my ber/etter; 
 
136 - ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 63. m I sE^ -] ^£eT T? -^I *^^ <n £! <!Ef 64. <ty^ .gEy 
 
 abu su in -nab- tn a - na Elam ill - tu 
 
 his father had Jlecl to Elam ; from 
 
 T i^iTT « ^£ ^ <iej ^rn <^ <:rT t]<m ^^m -^ i 
 
 Um -man- i - gas ki - rib Elam as - ku - nu ana 
 
 Umiiianigas [whom'] in Elam, I had appointed to the 
 
 (V. T? ^I) sE:^ < ►^T< 65. T tE ^\ I? 1} (y. x:t]]) ^% 
 (v. a - na) sar - u - ti Pal - ai (v. ya) ablu 
 
 kingdom ; Palia son of 
 
 T --T& 45 <T- 66. ^r -< -W ^ - -£T Tf <T* 
 
 Nabu - sa - pan iz - bat u - se - bi - la a - di 
 
 Nebosapan he took, and sent to 
 
 -Bll -TT<T t£T? 67. T =;:<i ^T ^ T 4s s^ jv^ ^ 
 
 mab - ri ya Du - na - nu Sa - am - gu - nu 
 
 ony presence. Dunanu and Samgunu, 
 
 68. tf \>^ T -II --T V <" \ y- -£T T? 1} 69. V 
 
 abli Bel - ba - sa Gam- bu - la - ai sa 
 
 sons of Belhasa the Gamhidian, ofivhoni, 
 
 tET T— I ^]\} T? -^T ^^ I— -£T T— tET? 
 
 abi su - un a - na sard abi ya 
 
 their father against the kings my fathers, 
 
 70. ^w -TT<T -SElT *^- ET <T-M JT -^ 
 
 u - dal - li - pu va va su •■ nu 
 
 had made inroads ; and they 
 
 71. tyyic -n?? -IT<I m -]} e;?< jl:s -<!< ^eI? 72. <iej tyyj 
 
 u - ner - ri - da e - pis saru - ti ya ki - rib 
 
 opposed the tvork of my kingdom: within 
 
 -^V ^ <IeI <T-^ -^TI ^^ -T 73. y? -^y t^yy ^-^ 
 
 Assur va Arba - il a - na kullu 
 
 Assur and Arhela to execute 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 137 
 
 all - ra - a - ti u - bil su-nu - ti sa 
 
 my judgment I brought them. Of 
 
 Man- nu - ki - ahi *- * * * Du - na - nu va 
 
 Mannukiahi * * * * , Dunanu and 
 
 Nabu - u - zal - li nisi sa eli Gam- bii - li 
 
 Nehouzalli, men who ivere over Gamhuli; 
 
 76. -in <-ttI -] I— ^£T? -T<T^ ^- < -- -ET -^I £I- '^T 
 
 sa eli Hi ya ig -bu-usuq-la- tu rab-tu 
 
 ii;^ against my Gods uttered great curses, 
 
 77. <^ m --]] -t --] -t^ I ^rrr ^ m ^^ 
 
 ki - rib Arba- il lisan su- un as - lu - up 
 
 171 Arhela, their tongues I pulled out, 
 
 78. ^ ^T<y ^1 >-^TT I <=!?? T ^ ^T "j^ <IeJ *=!!? ^3 <IeJ 
 
 as - liu- ud masak su - un Du - na -nu ki - rib Ninua 
 I flayed off their skin. Dunanu in Nineveh, 
 
 79. <^£fcj !=y t] --Id tt]] ^T ^ t^ ty 
 
 eli ma - ka - zi id - du suv - va 
 
 over a furnace they placed him, and 
 
 80. ^1 ^^ ^y<y 5f^ tiSi ^ 81. tyy ^y ^y< b;^^ i v 
 
 id - bu - hu - us az - lis si - it - ti ahi su sa 
 
 consumed him entirely. The rest of the brothers of 
 
 y sy ^y ^ 82. <y^^ y t^ ^ y? y? ]}:^m ^^^V— 
 
 Du - na - nu va Pal - ai a - ni - ir siri 
 
 Dunanu and Paliya, I threw down; his limbs 
 
 I tyyyc ^t^ <h 83. !=yyy^ y £;^cy y? ^y t^TIT ^^TT- ^T< 
 
 su u - nak - kis u - se - bil a - na ta - mar - ti 
 
 / cut off] and sent for the inspection of my 
 
 T 
 
138 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ;T ^y< til? 84. T ^^ jjfr !.£ y h -II ^TI? ^ 85. ^g y. 
 
 ma- ti dan 
 2)owerful country. 
 
 Nabii -naliid Bel - edir 
 Nabonidus and Beledir 
 
 y ..y .0 ^ ^M <« e;w >f^ -II ^] 
 
 Naliu -zikir- esses tig - en. - na 
 
 Nabuzih'iresses tigenna : 
 
 --T 'rf- I ^TH I m !£m <IeJ ^I -tid T? 
 
 ba - nil su - iiii Ur - ta - ki id - ka - a 
 their begetter, Urtaki 
 
 86 
 
 abK 
 
 sons of 
 
 sa abu 
 ivhose father 
 
 brought 
 
 87. y? --y 
 
 a - na 
 
 mit - hii - zi Akkad 
 
 ^(//ii ivith Akkad 
 
 y .>y .j5 -^ 
 
 Nabu - zikir 
 
 A^ <« 
 
 esses 
 
 88, <fE <v ^y y— 
 
 ner - pad - du - i 
 
 the attendants 
 
 gyy <ty^ .^y <^ ^yyj 
 
 sa ul - tu ki - rib 
 
 of Nebozikir esses, whom from the midst of 
 
 
 
 91. 
 
 Gam- bu - li 
 Gamhidi, 
 
 -V <IeJ 
 
 Assur 
 Assyria : 
 
 =n 
 
 89. tt^]] 
 
 n - 
 
 qu - u - ni a 
 carried 
 
 na 
 
 to 
 
 90. <^ <v J^ T> 
 
 ner - pad - du - 
 
 those 
 
 sa - a - ti - na 
 
 attendants. 
 
 m 
 
 <cc A"W> m -^^ tV £<3<i? -^TT -HI <!eJ 
 
 me - eh - rit bab rab qabal Ninua 
 
 front of the great gate in the midst of Nineveh; 
 
 92. cyyy 
 
 -Y.-YYYY yy. 
 
 T-TTTT M^ ^^! ^S I""^ I 
 u - sah - si - la abli su 
 
 / caused to crush his sons. 
 
ASSURBAXIPAL. 1 .".O 
 
 Extract from K, 20.32. 
 
 Ina arah Tasritu immi istin in - nin - du va eli 
 In the month Tisri, the first day, it loas placed ; and against 
 
 I mmmm *• ^t^t < ^^ -< t ^i^^tit « « 
 
 sii * * * * * id - du -II pagar Te - inn -man sar 
 
 him * * * * they threw the corpse of Teumnum king of 
 
 ^ <:rT ET <iei mmmim «■ chttt -^]i jt v -t 
 
 Elam ***** nltu su - sa - an 
 
 Slam ***** from Shushan 
 
 -^IT sEhS < -T< I ]} -^T t»3 <IEJ ^-yr -n t<:^T 
 
 alu sar - u - ti su a - na Ninua alu na - ram 
 
 his royal city, to Nineveh the city the delight 
 
 
 d- ]\ -^! -xn T— £T ??< -TT'^ JT -< 
 
 ***** a - na alani ma - ha - zi su -bat 
 
 ***** to the fortified cities, seats of 
 
 Is -tar-a-tu sa is ***** ina im-misu 
 
 Ishtaroth; ivho * * * * * In those days, 
 
 ^\ o JT Vr ^] - m T? T? tt] -^ Ar^ mmmm 
 
 mitpanu su - a -tu ina qata ai at -mu- uh * * * * * 
 that how in my hand, I took ***** 
 
 / tl? -^rf -^ tT -IT* ^T T ^i -:in « « ^ -T? c^ wim 
 
 e - li nikis qaqadu Te - um -man sar E - lam * * * 
 over the decapitated head of Teumman king of Elam, * * * 
 
 ff- ^n -^T H -I =^IT -- g W Tf 4g: BT tt] !£ni ^I 
 
 da .- na - an Is -tarbilatya a- mur va at- ta - id 
 
 The power of Ishtar my Goddess I saw and praised 
 
140 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 mmm -^^ -< * -j^ ji t? ^t -it ^ ^in ^^i? iiiis 
 
 * * * mit-pa-nu su-a-tu si -mat idi ya * * * * 
 
 * * * tJiat bow, the iveapon of my hand * * * * 
 
 Fragment of Tablet K, 2674, containing Eight Epigraphs for 
 
 PLACING OVER THE SCULPTURED SCENES ON A PaLACE WaLL. 
 
 1. Km t] ]] ^T< T -TA ^ r? « V ^>■^Aim 
 
 Um -ma- a- ti Assur -bani-pal sar Assur 
 
 Tlie general of Assurhanipal king of Assyria; 
 
 2. MT ^1 ►^T< T ^^m « ^E :=: ts r IH !£TTT <^ 
 
 sa it - ti Um -man- i -gas ablu Ur - ta - ki 
 
 whom with Ummanigas son of Urtaki 
 
 « ^<^ <n ET <m 3. ^tE tt\ ^£|T "gTT -T --T -^T <tETT 
 
 sar Elam mun-nab- tu sa iz-ba - tu niru 
 
 king of Elam, the fugitive, ivho took the yoke of 
 
 S:^ ^T< m\ ^ '^- "m T? ^] -tU ^" *-^ <n ET <IeI 
 
 sara - ti ya as - pu - ru a - na ka - sad Elam 
 
 my kingdom: I sent to conquer Elam. 
 
 Si - im - bu - ru niru sa Elam 
 
 Simhuru a chief of Elam, 
 
 ET ^ffl ^] A tET? £^TT 'T- ET 5. ^yy^ m 
 
 ma - lak ummani ya is - mi va z\ - kar 
 
 of the j>rogress of my army heard; and at the fame of 
 
 -^ m} ]HJ m< ET >- <T- ESS Tf IeII J^ETf 
 
 sum ya ip - luh va ina mahri a - mil' ya 
 
 my name he feared, and in the presence of my envoy 
 
 ^.^TT IfcJ t^ ET tTTT^ ^T H eTT W 
 
 il - lik - av - va u - na - siq niri ya 
 he cam.e, and kissed my feet. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 141 
 
 Um - ba - ki -din- ni niru sa Hi- da - li 
 
 Umhahldinni a chief of Ilidalu ; 
 
 7. V tyyrif: ti] V T t^TT ►»- -^1 -T <y:^ « V 
 
 sa qaqadu sa Is - tar - na - an - di sar sa 
 
 icho the head of Istarnandi king of 
 
 ^^^ 4 t?IT -£gIT -^]\i^ 8. T ^TT^ ^ ^]] ^ EhS 
 
 Hi- da - li na -su-ni Zi - ne - e - ni 
 
 Hidalu, 'Was bringing. Zineni 
 
 V <I- ^^^ JI =;^ -^ -TT<T - m -TT<T <m tEITT ^e ^T? y-nT< 
 
 sa- si Su - am -mu-ri(?) ina mis- ri ki - ta -i(?) e - sir 
 sasi of Suammuri (f), in a blockade (?) * * * * / besieged. 
 
 9. ^yy ^y ..y _y^ .JJ ^tyj ^^ .yyy< ^y, j»j^ ^y, .^y, 
 
 da - na - an Assur bel ya pu - luh - ti saru - ti ya 
 The power of Assur my lord, and fear of my kingdom, 
 
 ty -M I -^ -<]< 10. ^yyrifr ^ y>^ Hfyyy ]>^ "gyy *.- <n e| <Iej 
 
 is- hup SLi-nu- ti qaqadi rubi sa Elam 
 
 overwhelmed them. The heads of the princes of Elam, 
 
 -ET -^ I -^T< ttV, -V]^ m -^IT <rT ET 11- ^T ^T < 
 
 la kan-su- ti ya ik - ki - su - niv -va id - du -u 
 
 not submissive to me, they cut off and laid 
 
 - ih t^ Ey-y-— tB]} ty -^y ^y <^yy ^^ ^y< tt]} 
 
 ina mahri nisi rabati ya iz - ba - tu niru saru - ti ya 
 in presence of my great men. They took the yoke of my kingdom. 
 
 12. tyy ^y ^^n "gn T -\A ^ !? « ^^ d} et <l£j 
 
 Si - id - ru sa Assur -bani-pal sar Elam 
 
 Line [of battle^; ivhich Assurbanipal king of Mam, 
 
 13. ^y ^v T *^T ^^m « « <" <n ET <iei 
 
 it - ti Te - um -man sar Elam 
 
 against TeumnKtn king of Elain 
 
142 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 is - di - rii is - ku - nii abikta Elam 
 
 arrayed. They accomplished the overthrow of Elam. 
 
 14. y yy c:yyy « « \^ <;::^y ty <jEy ^^^ *<sy tyj ^y ^ j 
 
 Te - um -man sar Elam tah - te - e umman su 
 
 Teumman king of Elam, the defeat of his army 
 
 ty? AS £T 15. If ^y jy -^yy ^^ >-m -\^^ I 
 
 e - mur va a - na su - zu - ub napis - ti su 
 
 saw; and to save his life, 
 
 ^im ^] m'i £T -E -^] -s-T t^ -<iK ►^l Tf I 
 
 111 - na - bit va i - ba - qa - am ziq - na - a su 
 he fled, and tore his beard. 
 
 16. (Blank) t^ y ^y c-yyy « « \- <-y ey <iEy v - 
 
 (Blank) ablu Te - um -man sar Elam sa ina 
 
 (Blank) son of Teumman king of Ela^n; who m 
 
 taj3 - de - e ip - par - si - du ku - tig - ud - du su 
 
 fear had fled, his line of battle (?) 
 
 t<T' 
 
 m 
 
 V^t^ 
 
 If 
 
 -^T 
 
 j^^y 
 
 ->^T 
 
 ^ 
 
 > . 
 
 is 
 
 ru 
 
 du 
 
 a ■ 
 
 - na 
 
 abi 
 
 ba 
 
 ni 
 
 SU 
 
 Imd 
 
 arranged. 
 
 To 
 
 the 
 
 father his 
 
 begetter 
 
 18. ^t 
 
 VN>^ 
 
 : ->£n < l^ 
 
 s?^T^JII 
 
 -t] 
 
 ^ >- Y 
 
 -ET 
 
 
 i - 
 
 sa - as 
 
 - su 
 
 - u ku 
 
 - us - sid 
 
 la 
 
 ta - kal • 
 
 - la 
 
 
 he 
 
 had said : 
 
 " the 
 
 battle (?) 
 
 do 
 
 not conti7iue." 
 
 
 19. y ^y t^yyy « « ^.- <n eT <lEy -gyy >- ^y^EET cEyj 
 
 Te - um -man sar Elam sa ina tahaz ya 
 
 Teummcm king of Elam; ivho in my fierce 
 
 m ^ <-tU -N t^gE 20. y? ^y jy -^yy >,^ .yy^ .^;v 
 
 dan- ni muh -ha- zu a - na su - zu - ub napis- ti 
 
 attack uKis ivounded : to save his life 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 143 
 
 ^:m ^T tTTTT eT A-Hfff m tt^ <IeJ «=!!? <2i<: -T< 
 
 in - na - bit va ill - lu - ub ki - rib kis - ti 
 Jled, and passecZ through the woods. 
 
 21. M m A t>-^ »=:nT ti ^m ^ -x^ -a< i 
 
 [ruqubi] zu - um - bi ru - du saru - ti su 
 
 The ivar chariot, his 7vi/al carriaxje, 
 
 is - se - bir va ip - pal * * * * 
 wa^ broken and fell * * * * 
 
 Epigraph over Two Figures ; one, Teumman Wounded by an 
 Arrov^t, the other, his Son Tamritu Drawing a Bow. 
 
 1. T VT i^^TIT « - <ct m J^tT ^]} h 2. ]} ^T 
 
 Te - uin -man ina me - kit de - e - mi a - na 
 
 Teumman with a sharp command, to 
 
 tf I ^T<T^ ^- m^ 3. jy ^£gn ^T? ^\ o 
 
 ablu su ig - bu - u su - le - e mitpanu 
 
 his son had said : " draiv the hoiv.'' 
 
 Epigraph over Two Figures (Teumman and his Son) being 
 
 Executed. 
 
 1. T vT ^-m « « v<n£KiEj V - -]£E^} ^n? i^ 
 
 Te - um -man sar Elam sa ina tahazi dan - ni 
 
 Teum^nan king of Elam; ivho in my fierce attack 
 
 2. <-x:U -T<T tv^ T ^T -n<T ^t ^r -% I tv < 
 
 muh - hu - zu Tarn - ri - i - tu ablu su rabu - u 
 
 was wounded; Tamritu his eldest son, 
 
 qati su iz - ba - tu va a - na su - zu - ub napisti su- un 
 Jiis hands had taken, and to save their liveSj 
 
144 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 4. ^:s -} ^T 4-TTT m V- <IEJ tn? <BI ►<T< 
 
 in - nab - tu ih - lu - bu ki - rib kis - ti 
 
 they fled, and ^as^'ec? through the tuoods. 
 
 5. - m -<v -T4 < -T <v/ ]} jy- I -3^ ^T< 
 
 Ina tugul - ti Assur va Istar a - lul su - nu - ti 
 
 In the service of Assur and Ishtar, I felled them. 
 
 qaqadu su-nu akkis me- eh - rit a -ha- mis 
 Their heads I cut off, in presence of each other. 
 
 Epigraph over Figures seated in a Chariot holding a 
 Man's Head in Hand. 
 
 ]. "pyr* ^ T ^I t^TTT [« ti^S *-^ <n ET <IeJ] 
 
 Qaqadu Te - um -[man sar Elam] 
 
 The head of Teumman [king of ^7am] ; 
 
 2. "in - tiTK} ^] U< MT<T -I<T^ <IeJ -^TT] 
 
 sa ina qabal tam - ha - [ri ik - ki - su] 
 
 which in the midst of battle [they cut off,~\ 
 
 3. T? -y<T -aiK ^? ^ !? m\ t? -^t v- ^-t<t [-^yy -ih 
 
 a - hu - ru - u umman ya a - na bu - us - [su - rat] 
 in sight of my army. For good tidings, 
 
 4. m <y^ ^y? ^yyyt ^-\^])\\ t] m T? -^T <^ -V [<IeJ] 
 
 ha- de - e u - sah -ma- du a - na Assur 
 
 joy f idly they sent [it~\ to Assyria. 
 
 Epigraph over Wounded Figure on the Ground 
 Surrendering Himself. 
 
 1. 1 IH [jEyyy] m H< ^m -^ t vt ^^m « 2. v 
 
 Ur - [ta] - ku ha - ta - nu Te - um - man. sa 
 
 Urtaku the relative of Teumman; tvho 
 
ASSURBANTPAL. 145 
 
 ilia iiz - zi iiiiili - Im - zii la ik - tii - u napisti 
 bi/ ail arrow was wounded; nyarded not Jiis life. 
 
 3. T? -^! ^I ^ "^n^ f;:<y KII 21 SP I EgE X- --V 
 
 a - iia iia -kas qaqadu ra -nia- ni su ablu Assiir 
 
 To cut off his own head. the sou of Assur 
 
 4. cE V ^yy ty ^-yyy ey ^i<y ^^h -TT:?= ^r --- ^^T 
 
 i - sa - si va lun - ma al - ka qaqadu nakis 
 
 he told also thus: "/ surrender; my Jiead cut off, 
 
 5. <y- ti:^; -II -^H ^E <!; EI -£gTI ^If <IEJ -^ 
 
 mahri sar bel ka i - si va le - e - ki - uiu 
 
 before the kuuj th// lord set it, may lie take it for a 
 
 damqati 
 good omen." 
 
 Epigraph over Two Figures ; the first holding the second 
 BY THE Hair of his Head, and lifting a Sword with his 
 Right Hand. The second with a Sword in his Right 
 Hand, cutting in two a Bow, held in his own Left 
 Hand. 
 
 1. tE -Ely s^ cE e:s Jy '] -TTs?= T *4 -^IIT « 
 
 I - tu - ni - i ummati Te - uiii -man 
 
 Ituni general of Teuniinau 
 
 ^-^ \^ Cl] Ey <IEJ 2. V ^ ]]< « t^yy fc j?b ^ I 
 
 sar Elam sa ir-lia-nis is - tap-pa-ras-su 
 
 king of Elam ; of whom, treacherously he sent him 
 
 y? <y!^ -tEii -yr<y cei? 3. ^niyy \\< -]y^ ^yy? -^ ^y? a^ 
 
 a- di mall- ri ya ta -ha- zi dan - iiu e - mur 
 
 to my presence. . My fierce attack he saw; 
 
 u 
 
146 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ET - -^Tir --T -f T- ^ I 4. ty <^y tyy \* s^yn i 
 
 va ina gir parzil sib-bi su mitpanu si -mat idi sii 
 
 and with the steel sword of his girdle, the how the iveapon of Jiis arm, 
 
 -y<T^ -yy et jttt e-ry tis^i 
 
 ik - si -ma qati ra -ma- ni su 
 he severed in his own hand. 
 
 Epigraph over a Figure led forward by the hand 
 TO receive Homage. 
 
 1. 1 s:yyy « ^e - ^f^ tt] ^y ►^ry y? ^y -^] ^y <£Eyy w 
 
 Um-man- i -gas mun -nab-tu ardu a iz - ba -tu niri ya 
 Ummanigas the fugitive, my servant, had taken my yoke. 
 
 2. >- ty? BV,< *T- tBV, - 1 Ely r— <iEy ^yy^ <^ sy m] ^a 
 
 ina e - pis pi - ya ina hidati ki - rib Ma- dak - te 
 
 In 2^G^fo>'i'ii'^g 'iny command, with rejoicing into Madcddu 
 
 3- < >^yy jy v -i ess jy ^r ^ti^ ^et? v ^ *^- ini 
 
 va Su - sa - an ummati ya sa as - pu - ru 
 
 and Shushan; my general tvhom I had. sent, 
 
 4. ^yyyc ^^ ^yy} ey [^yyyt] -^ y^ i 5. ^ ^y ^.^ h 
 
 u - se - rib va [u] - se - sib su ina kuzzu 
 
 caused him to enter, and seated him on the throne of 
 
 1 '/y t^iyy [« -y<y^] jt siy Mh t? i? 
 
 Te - um -[man ik] - su - da qat ai 
 Teitmman, captured hy my hands. 
 
 Epigraph over King (Assurbanipal) in Chariot receiving 
 
 Ambassadors. 
 
 1- !? ^I E I -TA S= T? S^ V -yA <IeJ 
 
 A - na - ku Assur - bani - pal sar Assur 
 
 / am Assurhanipal king of Assyria; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 147 
 
 2- V - iej h< -ta < -Kv; -in— ^ei} ehs ^i— ^ 
 
 sainatugul- ti Assur va Istar beli ya nakiri ya 
 
 of whom, in the service of Assur and Ishtar, rni/ lords, my enemies 
 
 ak -so- dii am - zu - ii ma- ki lib - bi ya Ilu - sa - a 
 
 / have captured ; I have gratified all my heart. Rusa 
 
 4. s£;;s *^^ Ifcl <T-n<T t^IT ^IT -^I -T -TA -II ^eT? 
 
 sar Ur - ar - da da - na - an Assur bel }'a 
 
 hing of Armenia; the i^oiver of Assur my lord, 
 
 ^yy T- ET 5. ^^^ tyii< ^y ^:sf -y< ^Ey? ^] -y<y t^^ i 
 
 is - mi va pu - lull - tu saru - ti ya is - liu - up su 
 
 heard of and fear of my kingdom overwhelmed him, 
 
 ey e:s -tEll y— I c. yf ^y v A-T m K?^?}?? y- ^Eyf 
 
 va uisi zirati su a - na sa - ha - al salini - mi ya 
 
 and his great men to X^^'cty for my friendship, 
 
 ^yy-^^&yy y {m^]\} - ^ <m 7. y ^^]^ <y^^? 
 
 is - pu - ra ana ki - rib Arba- il Nabu - damiq 
 
 he sent to the midst of Arhela. Nehodamiq 
 
 T t-yyy -^y syy Ecyy y? t:^ ^^n y^^^ v *^^ d] ey <iej 
 
 Um - ba - da - ra - a nisi zirati sa Elam 
 
 and Umhadara, great men of Elam, 
 
 a ^|^y<fcy^^yyy~^<y. ^y y. .yy<y ^^yf ^y<-y^ ^ 
 
 it - ti birati{?) si -par mi- ri - ih -tu ul - ziz 
 
 i7i bonds for the defiance; I placed 
 
 - -^11 -yy<y i ^y?? 
 
 ina mall - ri su - un 
 in their presence. 
 
148 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Epigraph on Tablet K, 2637. 
 
 a. [y :^ ^n] -^ ^S T -II --I V i>- [-^K nU] y'!<! >i£n 
 
 [Du - na] - nu ablu Bel- ba-sa [bal - du] - us - su 
 
 Dunanu son of Belhasa, alive 
 
 >- JTn KSl -< c. [e:;^] ^^ E^IT <T^ tEl? :^ -TI<T ^T 
 
 ina qati az - bat qu - ra - di ya bi - ri - tu 
 
 in hand, I caj)tured. My icarriors in bonds 
 
 E3il t^ I £T d. []} ^J] t KT <IeJ T? <I* -tElI -n<T tt]} 
 
 id - du su va [a - na] Ninua a - di mah - ri ya 
 
 2)laced him, and [io] Nineveh, to my ^wesence 
 
 u - sail - mi - du - ni 
 they sent. 
 
 Epigraph (names blank) over Figures being Flayed Alive. 
 
 1 . y (Blank) y (Blank) "gyy <^-H HA 2. -y -.ty t^ tny? 
 
 (blank) (blank) sa eli Assar Hi ba - ni ya 
 
 (blank) (blank) luho against Assu7' the God my begetter 
 
 -V]<^ *^- ^W -- -ET *T ET- -^T 3. ►-ifcj I ^ 
 
 ig - bu - u suq - la - tu rab - ta lisani su- nu 
 
 uttered great curses: their tongues 
 
 as - lu - up as - liu - da masaki su - un 
 / imlled out, I tore off their skins. 
 
 The circumstances recorded in this division of Assurbanipal's 
 reio"n, probably extended over a considerable time, and the war vrith 
 Teumman, which forms its main feature, was evidently con- 
 sidered one of the most important struggles, in which Assyria 
 had engaged. This war, the subsequent triumph, and the tortures 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 149 
 
 of the prisoners, formed tlie tlicme of many of the Rculptures, 
 which ornamented the palace of Assnrbanipal. After the flight of 
 tlie Elamite princes to Assyria, Teumman sent an embassy under 
 Umbadara and Nebodaraiq, two of his chiefs, to demand that tliey 
 should be given up. This Assnrbanipal refused, and Teumman then 
 declared war. Some appearance in the heavens was interpreted to 
 indicate the overthrow of Elam ; and Assnrbanipal was told by the 
 priests, that his favourite Goddess Ishtar of Arbela, had appeared in 
 the night, and prophesied his victory. The description of her 
 appearance in this vision, recalls the winged figure saiTounded with 
 a halo and drawing a bow, so often represented over the figures of 
 Assyrian monarchs. The supposed bow of Ishtar appears to have 
 been given to Assurbanipal, wlio afterwards often mentions it. The 
 Elamite king retired from Duril, on the Assyrian border, at the 
 approach of the forces of Assnrbanipal ; and took up a position near 
 a town named TuUiz ; having the river Ulai in front, and a wood 
 behind his army. On the arrival of the Assyrians before his lines, 
 Teumman sent a general named Ituni, to treat with Assurbanipal : 
 but while he was in the Assyrian camp, the opposing forces joined in 
 battle, and the Elamites were routed. Ituui broke his bow in 
 despair, and several of the Elamite chiefs, showed a strong sense of 
 the disaster, which placed their country at the mercy of Assurbanipal. 
 Teumman and his eldest son fled, and passing through the wood tried 
 to escape ; but their chariot broke down, and they were surrounded 
 and captured. The heads of Teufnman and his son were cut off*, and 
 from the fact subsequently mentioned, that Tammaritu, Teumman's 
 nephew, denied having done the act, it is evident that there was a 
 belief that he was the murderer. Both Ummanigas and Tammaritu, 
 with their adherents, fought in this battle, against their own country. 
 After the conquest of the Elamites, Assurbanipal sent a general into 
 Madaktu and Shushan, to proclaim Ummanigas (on K, 479G, 
 written J ^^HT ii ^^ ^T!T^ fe Um-man-i-ga-as) king of Elam ; 
 and in place of Istar-nandi the sub-king of Hidalu, (whose head 
 was brought to Assurbanipal) Tammaritu (written sometimes 
 T ;£IT! ^ t] -IM ^T -& Ta-am-ma-vi-h-tii, ] ^] ^^A, Jr^ ^]< 
 Tamti(':)-i-U, y ^] i:]y i^t ^]< Tam-mar-i-U, ] ^] t\ ^]]<] ^]< 
 Tam-ma-ri-ti, f ^Tff ^-^ ^I *-V[^^ ^I< Ta-am-ma-ri-ti, and 
 
loO ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T ^TIT ^^^ ""TT^T *^T^ Ta-ani-rl-tl), was made king in Hidalii. 
 Afterwards, Assurbanipal punished the Gambulians, for revolting in 
 alliance with Elam. The expedition to Gambuli, is given as part of 
 the fifth expedition (which was against Teumman), in Cylinder A ; 
 but in Cylinder B, while the war with Teumman is called the 
 seventh expedition, the war with Gambuli is separated from it by 
 the usual divisional line, and called the eighth expedition. Dunanu 
 the Gambulian, captured in this war, was son of Bilbasa, who 
 assisted Urtaki, and grandson of a chief' also named Dunanu. 
 This name was written indifferently, J ^f ^^\ *3f~ Du-na-nu, and 
 I '^>- >-**'y *^ Bu-na-niL On his triumphal return, Assurbanipal 
 was met at Arbela, by the envoys of Rusa king of Ararat or 
 Armenia ; who came to make peace with him. Rusa is probably 
 the same as the Saduri of Cylinder A. The name means " Istar," 
 is a fortress, and was originally sounded Istar-duri, but by dropping 
 the initial / and running the Jil!; into D the name became 
 y ^^ KI'^'^IT'^T STT Ifcl '^WA Sa-ar-da-ur-ri (the name of the 
 king of Ararat who fought with Tiglath Pileser II). The first 
 element in this name, suffered a further change ; Sar being con- 
 tracted to Sa or Se, as in f *>^|y t:^} S^f '"II'^I Se-e-du-ri (the 
 king of Ararat vA\o fought with Shalmaneser II). The name is 
 sometimes written with the position of the elements reversed, and 
 then reads Dur-sii, which is probably the origin of j j[J*^y ^^ y^ 
 Ur-sa-a, and y ■'^H ^fp If Ri<^-sa<t, forms of the name of two 
 late kings of Ararat. 
 
ASSUEBANIPAL. 161 
 
 PART IX. 
 
 Tlie Revolt of SaalmiKjina, Brother of Assurbanipid. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of this part of the history, are more numerous than 
 tliose of any other period. Only the most important are here 
 translated, the numbers of some of the others being given at the 
 end for reference. The principal texts are Cylinder A, col. iv, line G, 
 to col. V, line 43, and Cylinder B, col. vi, line 93, to coL vii, line 87. 
 The text of Cylinder C, which differs from both these, is too 
 mutilated to be worth translating ; but the closing passage which 
 continues the narrative of Cylinder B is given. The date from a 
 proclamation of Assurbanipal, K, 84, passages at close of a number 
 of omen tablets, with a series of Epigraj^hs and Dispatches are 
 also translated. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column IV, Line 6, to Column V, 
 
 Line 43. 
 
 s-'><T.c->r, -",■->- c-^>- '--->- ■i-^-<.s LI I IJ ^ir^^ ^ 11.^^ I 
 
 ***** *^ Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 ****** Saulmugina 
 
 [ahu la ke] - e - nu [sa dabtu e - pu] - su - us 
 my younger [brother; benefits I had give^i] to him, and 
 
 [as - ku - nu - us a - na sai'u - ut] Bab - ili 
 
 [Jiad appointed him to the kingdom of] Babylon 
 
152 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 * * * * * va ad - din su * * * * * ruqubi 
 
 * * * * * (Did gave hlni ***** chariots 
 
 ak - zur va * * * * * * alani ekili 
 
 / fixed, and ****** cities, fields 
 
 e\ ^H y^ 10. [« £211 t£T -m\ 4^-T?? ^ITT- V ^^^)\}\ 
 
 kiri [man- da - at - tu] bilat ii - sa- tir 
 
 and plantations. \Trihute~\ and taxes, I caused to return, 
 
 t] <-tU ^ET ^ ^ET? ■ 11- Mf y- ^-I<T >-.£lT] <MEII 
 
 va eli abi bani ya [e - pu - us su] va 
 
 cmd more than the father my begetter, [/ did for hmi\. And 
 
 JT < t><T-^? H Sfl^ -EeT 12. [^ET m ^^_ 4s] ET 
 
 su-u damqatu an - ni - tu [la ha - as - sa] va 
 
 he these favours [disregarded^ and 
 
 i<\\ -4 ^ A^.y ]] <y-ifcl -m 13. M lemgi ►n ^y< -ey? 
 
 is - te - ni - lia - a limut - tu [niru belu- ti ya] 
 
 devised evil. [The yoke of my dominion^ 
 
 A-\ -ET TI m fe* --! T? -^T< 14- mmmmm m] 
 
 iz] - la - a du - ub - ba - a - ti * * * * * su 
 
 lie threw off, the benefits ***** * 
 
 ka - zir ni - sa - tu * * * * * * eli 
 
 strengthener of menf^) ****** ovei^ 
 
 V HA <IEJ ^ ^jn 1 6. m -^1 V A--T -KJ <f^?f f f T-] ^Ey? 
 
 Assur am - ru [a- na sa - ha - al salim - mi] ya 
 
 Assyria I ruled. [To pray for~\ my [friendship'] 
 
 fcU ^ y-T<T ET 17. \y^-\ |V - ^T mr -HSilS 
 
 ip - ru - us va iiakiri ina elappi * * * 
 
 ceased, and enemies in sliips * * * 
 
ASSUKBANIPAL. 153 
 
 ^T --T< I ^T{? 18. ^ jv ^T Sh= D -T< T? -^T 
 
 it - ti su- un ina tan- ni - kil - ti a - na 
 
 luith them, p?'e^e?i(7iw(/ to 
 
 [sa- ha] - al salim - mi ya a- na Ninua a- di 
 
 2^ycty for my friendshi2:> ; to Nineveh, to 
 
 l-Bll -TT<T m}] £<Tr y- #« I rj^ --T< 20. ]} ^y m 
 
 [mah - ri ya] is - pn -ras-su-nu- ti a-na-ku 
 
 [my j^3i'esence] he sent them. I am 
 
 T -TA ^ Vr « V HA <m [W] -T T— £1' I 
 
 Assur-bani-pal sar Assur [sa] Hi rabati 
 
 Assurhanipal king of Assyria, [to 'whom] the great Gods' 
 
 <h V <T-^?-t!^ 21. e£ <T- -^ I iej ^ I - mm 
 
 si -mat damqati i - si -mu su ku-batsu ina * * * 
 
 excellent fame have renowned hini. His might in * * * 
 
 ►.T< < T- V -TH 22. t^i^ ^if] H&!T<© I -^ ^V 
 
 ti vami-sa- ri abli Bab - ili su-nii- ti 
 
 and dominion. The sons of Babylon of them, 
 
 [cE ^t] ^I -^Vm ^^ i^ -)} 23. <tT^ - >-^TT 7^ -<T< 
 
 [i - na] passari tak -ne- e ul -ziz su -nu- ti 
 
 [in~\ state chairs I set them up; 
 
 m -<V HE- A^'B V 24. t:W -IT? ^ -w^ir ;?^ -<T< 
 
 lu -bul- ti kitu bir -mi u - lab - bi - su -nu- ti 
 
 costly garments I placed upon them, 
 
 A^ -IH <?? -!I4 ^W t> <l£l ^ 25. fjn -<!< (t!?) I ti?j 
 
 semir- ri huraz u -rak- ki - sa sit - te - (e) su-un 
 
 rings of gold I fastened on their f^^t, 
 
 ]} i]^ ^5 tCp? ^^T tt]\ m I -^ -T< 26. <TEJ tlT? 
 
 a- di abli Bab- ili su-nu- ti ki - rib 
 
 and the sons of Babylon of them, in 
 
 X 
 
154 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 *< 
 
 Assiir u - su - (uz) - zu i - dag - ga - lu 
 
 Assyria they ivere set tip, they were honoured 
 
 27. j^ .^y V t^ t^tT T- teT? iVM B -W 
 
 pa - an sa - kan de - mi ya va su - u 
 
 before the giving of my command. And he 
 
 T -T i-T -<s& -^ -TT4 -^! 28. t~^ ^ET <IeJ -]} ^ V 
 
 Saul -mu- gi - na ahu la ke - e - nu sa 
 
 Saidmugina, my younger hr other; ivho 
 
 -ET ==1 ^^ m Vy <T* ^EI't 29. !=T??T— ^!?-T <^ 
 
 la iz - zu - ru a - di - ya nisi A^kkad 
 
 did not keep my agreement^ the people of Ahhad, 
 
 ^* cHt ^ '-' If ^JH (v- B:n) >^ <* '^T <"Sr 30. <cT^ ^eeI 
 Kal-du A- ru (v. ra) -mu tarn- ti ul - tu 
 
 Chaldea, Aram, and the sea coast, from 
 
 ^cTT Tf ^T --T Tf <!^ -^TT ^P^? ^ -EsTf T- -<V 
 
 A - qa - ba a - di Bab - sa - li - mi - ti 
 
 Aqaha to Babsalimitu, 
 
 31. -^I «Ty D 5^ =ff^ t£T? ^ -^T^ -TTT - m m} 
 
 ardi da - gil pa - ni ya us - pal - kit in a qati ya 
 tributaries dependent on me ; he caused to revolt against my hand. 
 
 32. <T-igj T t-iTT « tE :^ -tE ct? -liT V s^I --J^T -eeT 
 
 va Um-man-i -gas mun-nab- tu sa iz - ba - tu 
 
 And Ummanigas the fugitive, who took 
 
 33. en S'^ -<v f£T? V <ieJ -th *<^ <:rT £T <igf 
 
 niru saru - ti ya sa ki - rib Elam 
 
 the yoke of my kingdom, of whom in Elam, 
 
 34. ^ IeJ 7^ ^ T? ^T sE^S; < -<V <MeIJ tE^m T— 
 as - ku - nu - us a - na sar - u - ti va sarri 
 
 / had appointed him to the kingdom; and the kings of 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 155 
 
 \^ tv^ ^T< <m 35. \- cyy^ ^£ET <m '< h m< A -]} <!eJ 
 
 Gu- ti Mar- tu Mi-luh-he-e 
 
 Arabia {?), Syria and Ethiopia, 
 
 36. V >- m tTTir HA < -! t^E! -TTT ^TT -^ -tU -^! 
 
 sa ina ki - bit Assur va Belat is - tak - ka - na 
 
 ivhich, hy command of Assur and Beltls, my hands 
 
 JTn 1} I? 37. tt} AS I "j^ ^r ►.!< ttVr m- m^ <m: £! 
 
 qata - ai nap- har su-nu it - ti yo. u - san - kir va 
 
 held; all of them against me he caused to rebel, and 
 
 38. ^I ^]< I =^iy IeJ V^ ^r- ^E I ^T?? W??]^ T— 
 
 it - ti su is - ku - nu pi - i su - un nisi 
 
 ivith him they set their faces. The jyeople of 
 
 ^T t^] -Tin m 39. ccii? H E^TT <iej tB ^m_ m 
 
 Sipar Bab - ili Bar - sip 
 
 Sippara, Babylon, Borsippa, and 
 
 [4:^ t^ ]) <IEj] HI ^jn 4S ESS^ < ^} 40. MHT] SB 
 
 [Kutu] ip - ru - sa ah -u-ut [bit] duri 
 
 [Kutha^ broke off the brotherhood, and the uxdls 
 
 -^TT T— 
 
 T 
 
 T? 
 
 -eeT 
 
 ^ 
 
 -tE 
 
 5^-^^ r^IT 
 
 ^y? 
 
 ; I 
 
 alani 
 
 sa - 
 
 • a 
 
 - tu 
 
 - nil 
 
 mun 
 
 - tah 
 
 - ze 
 
 - e 
 
 SU 
 
 of those 
 
 cities 
 
 his 
 
 fighting 
 
 7?ie?i 
 
 
 /^e 
 
 41. [jryyyjr] 
 
 ^-^ - 
 
 *■ — ■* 
 
 s — 
 
 ;n ET 
 
 ^T 
 
 ^r< 
 
 ^^T? 
 
 r^fYT *-YYf 
 
 -IyJ ;ril 
 
 »-»-Y 
 
 u 
 
 ■sat - 
 
 li 
 
 -ma 
 
 it - 
 
 ■ ti 
 
 ya 
 
 H - 
 
 ta - 
 
 nap 
 
 caused 
 
 to 
 
 
 7xiise ; 
 
 loith 
 
 7?ie 
 
 they 
 
 tiuide 
 
 (V. ^ :^ HI) y- I !£TIT H< --IT 42. ^yj eh< ^^m 
 
 (v. te - ni - ip) - pu-su ta -ha - zu e - pis * * * * 
 
 ivar, maJdng * * * * 
 
 ceI't 'ET ^ H -tm -S -tm 43. ^ — yy -.y y^^ 
 
 ya la pa - an Bel ablu Bel nu - ur Ili 
 
 7ny, from the face of Bel son of Bel, the light of the Gods 
 
156 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 -r ^T ^^ E^TT =^T -) -^1 tt]] -W JT £T 
 
 Samas qu - ra - du Ninip iq - su va 
 
 Shamas, the ivarrior Ninip, he revolted; and 
 
 LI - sab - di - la * * * * na - dan zi - bi ya 
 he caused to cease * * * * gift of my fngers, 
 
 45. If --I tTf i^] £T ?K ^yyy jy ^ h T— V 
 
 a - na e - kiin ma - ha - zi su -bat Hi sa 
 
 to capture the cities, seats of the Gods, of luhom 
 
 <« -TT<T --T< I -^ 4G. ^T <Tj^ I -m- }} A-I f£ -^ 
 
 es - ri - ti su-nu iid- di -su u -za- hi - i - nu 
 
 their temples I had I'estored, adorned luith 
 
 <}} -TTA < <Vy ^T 47. <^ ^m I '^^^^-^B'^ 
 
 huraz va kasap ki -rib su-nu as- tak - ka -nu 
 
 gold and silver, and ivithin them had fxed 
 
 (y. -^i) tyy ET y? ►.y< ^y<y^ ^^ '^y t>- <y^iH 48. ^ 
 
 (v. na) si - ma - a - ti ik - bu - ud limut ina 
 
 images ; he devised evil. In 
 
 ^I T- I (ET) T ;II £:S ^Ilf - <^ -^ <I- ^W <m £T 
 
 immi su (va) istin sapru ina sat mu- si u - tul va 
 those days, then a seer in the middle of the night, slep>t and 
 
 49. t£ -^y ^yy<y ^y^ <tt ^t]]] b] - <-tId <IEy Bh -s^TT 
 
 i - na - tal suttu um -ma ina eli ki -gal- li 
 dreamed a dream, thus : " Concerning the matter 
 
 V -T <« V -^nrr (V. i]'^ ^) t] 50. t] ]} V ^T -<v 
 
 sa Sin sa- dir (v, di - ir) va ma -a sa it - ti 
 
 ivhich Sin ivas arranging, and of them who against 
 
 y ^^y4i :f ^^ ^^y j:?^ *-" --TA <IeJ si. ^y<y^ ^^ ^y 
 
 Assur-bani- pal sar A.ssur ik -bu-du 
 
 Assurhanipal king of Assyria, devised 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 157 
 
 <M!y -m iHj *^- 1 cETT w?) m «) ^t 52. ^ < ^^ 
 
 limut - tu ip -pu-su ze - (e) - lu - (u)-tu mu-u- tu 
 
 evil. Battle is prepared; a violent 
 
 <T- ^ I? tild tM -7^ ^V - -^]'\] -T + ??< --T <T* 
 
 lim-nu a- sar -raksu-i]u- ti ina gir parzil ha - an - di (^ 
 
 death I appoint for them. With the edge of the sword, 
 
 53. <- tTiT M A + -.^TT -^iSr -^ j^l (y- -E^IT AW 
 
 mi - kit isati sunqu libit (v. li - bit) 
 
 the burning of fre, famine, and the judgment of 
 
 H -^T E^n ^ITT'^ JTn t^m T? 54. -^j ^- .-^yy ty?? 
 
 Ninip II - qat - ta - a nap - sat su - iin 
 
 Ninip, I luill destroy their lives.'' 
 
 -T ^I n -<T< & T- A} B] tt] a Tf ^) T? ^-^ H <« 
 
 an - na - a - ti as -me- e va ad - gil a - na a -mat Sin 
 This I heard, and trusted to the ivill of Sin 
 
 55. -II tt]} - }}} <y- E??< -M ^£T? -ET<l£l ^?A!? ^ET? 
 
 bel ya ina sassi gar - ri ya ad - ki umman ya 
 my lord. In my sixth expedition I gathered my army ; 
 
 66. tv^^? y ^^y ty ^<^ ^ -yy^ ^y s^y i!<sy <« ^ &yy 
 
 zir Saul - mu - gi - na us - te - es - se - ra 
 
 against Saidmugina I directed the 
 
 A^ £tyy -^ 57. <iEy ^yyj ^y -? -yyyy <i£j ^:f} .^y E^yy m 
 
 mur - ra - nu ki - rib Sipar Bab - ili 
 
 mnrch. Within Sippara, Babylon, 
 
 £0 ^m <l£l+^ ►^'^ T? <IeJ 68. V Tf I ^TTT^ Ky 
 
 Bar- sip Kuta sa-a-su ga - du 
 
 Borsippa, and Kutha, him and part 
 
 -tE t:^^ csyy ty? i ^y? ^yy ^ ey ^yyy^ -^j s^yyyy (v. - ^-yy 
 
 mun - tab. - ze - e su e - si - ir va u -zab- bit (v. bi - ta) 
 of his fighting men I besieged, and captured 
 
158 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 59. -^ ^-T<T H I ^T?? <IeJ ^m -^IT < i^^^? - -£T T- =f^ 
 
 mu - iiz - za su - un ki - rib alu va ziru ina la mi - ni 
 the ivhole of them in town and country, without number. 
 
 GO. ^ !.5i^ ^-H ^T <^ <^ I vrT ^f -^T -<T< 
 
 as - tak - ka - na abikta su si - it - tu - ti 
 I accomplished his overthrow. The rest, 
 
 61. .- t^ ^i ^-T ^^T E^IT -j£TT ^W) ^^ ^- ^- -^T< 
 
 ina libit Ninip su - un - qu bu - bu - ti 
 
 in the judgment of Ninip, drought and famine 
 
 62. ^v. IeI -3^ ^r £??< -^T T ^tm « S.E ;^ « 
 
 is - ku - nu na - pis - tu Um - man - i - gas ear 
 
 passed their lives. Ummanigas king of 
 
 
 <n ET <IeJ 63. <v IeII jt,t tt]} -gn STT AH Tf -^T 
 
 Elam si - kin qati ya sa da - ha - a - tu 
 
 Elam, appointed hy my hand; ivho the bribe 
 
 Afl -T<T *JII I ^I --T Tf y (y- If -^1) ^ -TT<T I 
 
 im - hu - ru su it - ba - a ana (v. a - na) kit - ri su 
 
 received, and came to his aid. 
 
 64. 1 ^r ET ^TT<T ^^T tv^? ^] I fcir -i^r^ tin £T v in 
 
 Tam-ma- ri - tu zir - us -su ip - pal - kit va sa -a-su 
 Tammaritu against him revolted, and him 
 
 65. t^w ^ <m -^v I m^ ^ (^-^tT) y i - ^iii i— 
 
 ga -du kim- ti su u -ras (v. ra) -sib su ina kakki 
 and part of his family he destroyed tvith the sword. 
 
 66. i<]B^} T ^! £T -TH -^T V ^1b^} T ^^^TTT « ^e t^ 
 
 arku Tam-ma- ri - tu sa arku Um -man- i -gas 
 
 Afterwards Tammaritu, ivho after Ummaiiigas, 
 
 67. 
 
 m- <y 
 
 ^^- 
 
 >- 
 
 
 u - si 
 
 - bu 
 
 ina 
 
 
 sat 
 
 on 
 
 the 
 
 ^T tV^ Ft ^* CI] ET <IE 
 
 kuzzu Elam 
 
 throne of Elam, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 159 
 
 68. >-B] c^iy m .IT T^t £E:s; -<< ^£T? Tf ^T -TM :>^ -eET 
 
 la is - al su-lum saru - ti ya a - na ri - zii - tu 
 did not seek alliance with my kingdom. To the help of 
 
 09. r -T «=T -<^ '^ -TT4 -^I tSS^ -::£!? -TT<T 
 
 Saul - mu - gi - na ahi nak - ri 
 
 Saidmugina my rebellious brother 
 
 (v. £:ffi^ ^t\ m ^T? '^) ^.^IT IH :^ ET 70. y? ^] 
 
 (v. aliu la ke - e - nu) il - lik - av -va a - na 
 
 (v. younger brother), he went and to 
 
 -< -T<T f£TT ^?AT? ^£1? IH -TT<T ??< ^T IeI T— I 
 
 mit - hu - zi umman ya ur - ri - ha kakki su 
 
 Jight my army, he prepared his soldiers. 
 
 71. - >-.£TT fct^ ^T- ^T? V -T4 < H <'tV ^TTT^ ^]^ ^- < 
 
 ina su - up - pe - e sa Assur va Istar u - sap - pu - u 
 In prayer to Assur and Ishtar, I prayed; 
 
 72. jtyyy sjf A ^m A-TT -T<T ^jn (v. ^^TT -^ <) 
 
 ta - ni - hi ya im - hu - ru (v. LI - qu - u) 
 
 my supplications they received (v. took), 
 
 ^TT >^ < -rr^ E?H -^I^T ^EI? 73. f ^:m «TT :=: ^ 
 
 is -mu-u zi - kar sapti ya In - da - bi-gas 
 
 and heard the ivords of my lips. Indabigas 
 
 -^T -.^TT ^y^f ^] I IdJ -^T^ ^TTT (v- <IeJ -^T) £T 
 
 arad su zir - us - su ip - pal - kit (v. ki - tu) va 
 
 his servant, against him revolted, and 
 
 74. >- ►IH^ r^^? E^rr l£l ^T <T- <T- n ^T ET -TT<T '^T 
 
 ina tahaz zin is -ku- na abikta su Tain- ma- ri -tu 
 in the battlefield accomplished his overthrow. Tammaritu 
 
 « x^ <:n ET <l£l 75. V <-^Id ^ <2<I -TT^ t^T 
 
 sar Elam sa eli ni - kis qaqadu 
 
 king of Elam, ' who over the decapitated head of 
 
160 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T ^I !^:m « <- -TT<T A-'W *T -VV y- < 
 
 Te - um - man me - ri - ih - tu ig - bn - u 
 Teumman untruth luid spoken ; 
 
 76. V -T<T^ <!eJ -^TT T? -M ^JII < ^UT? -ETf 
 
 sa ik - ki - su a - hu - ru - u umman ya 
 which he had cut off in sight of wnj army, 
 
 77. t^iTl [ET -m -0 <^ ^£!T -IT* ^ sl^ ^" <n E! <m 
 
 um [ma la] ak - ki - su qaqadu sar Elam 
 
 thus : " / have \jiot^ cut off the head of the king of Elam 
 
 * * * * ina puhri umman su sa-ni - ha - a-nu ig -bi 
 
 * * * * in the assemhly of his army." Again he said : 
 
 79. <^^ T ^tm « s£ t^ <m -]} m^ ^r m ii 
 
 va Um -man- i -gas ke - e u - na - as -siq 
 
 "and Ummanigas only, kissed the 
 
 i^ xy ^jn 80. ^ <r-^ ehs Tt ieIi t— v 
 
 qaq - qa - ru ina mahri a - mir - i sa 
 
 ground; in the j97'ese?ice of the envoys of 
 
 T H4 =F -E S^T « *-" -TA <IeI 81- <-^Id 
 
 Assur -bani - pal sar Assur eb. 
 
 Assurhanipal king of Assyria." For 
 
 T? £T Tf -T< -T -^T T? -^T< V ^.^TT -TT^ ^ 
 
 a - ma - a - ti an - ua - a - ti sa il - zi - nu 
 
 these matters, which he had mocked, 
 
 82. ^.y^i < --T <'rY -E -n<T -T<! I eTT ^T El -TH -m 
 
 Assur va Istar i - ri - hn su va Tam -ma - ri - tu 
 Assur and Ishtar turned from him; and Tammaritu 
 
 83. f;^^ y^ I m '^ I -<* mi tt] I ^I ^T< 
 
 alii su qi - nu su ziri bit abi su it - ti 
 
 his brothers, his kin, the seed of his fathers house with 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 161 
 
 T« ''' 
 
 11 
 
 ■Tin r- 
 
 84. y? .£gtT -^ ^y„ I ^ET j^ .^y 
 
 85 rubi 
 
 eightij-Jive princes 
 
 In - da - bi -gas 
 Indahigas 
 
 a- li -kut idi su la pa -an 
 going before him from the face of 
 
 85. siCS '^\ ^T <n ET 
 
 in - nab - tu - niv - va 
 fled, and 
 
 {tc E^yy ^ s?^y i ^yu 
 
 <-^Id ^TTT 
 
 I 7^ 
 
 me 
 
 ra - nu - us 
 
 su - un 
 
 ina 
 
 eli 
 
 lib - bi su - 
 
 nu 
 
 their 
 
 bitterness 
 
 within 
 
 their 
 
 hearts 
 
 86. IdJ <T- M <n £T ^^]} IfcT < ^ T? <T^ 'ISIT <IeI 
 
 ib - si - lu - niv -va il - lik - u - ni a - di Ninua 
 
 raged, and they came to Nineveh. 
 
 87. T ^T £T -m -m <^IT jE^Si -<I< ::ET? i^ITI^ ^T S^ II £1 
 
 Tam-ma- ri - tu niru saru - ti ya u - na - as -siq va 
 Tammaritu my 7vyal feet kissed, and 
 
 88. ^ xy ^jn tyyyt *^ ^<^ (v. ^^h) - nk pp i 
 
 qaq - qa 
 
 earth 
 
 ru 
 
 he 
 
 u - se - 
 threw 
 
 sir (v. sar) ina ziq - ni su 
 on his hair, 
 
 « (v. ey) ?? tS« -! ET (^- «) V -TT<T m} 89. [jy ^yyy^] 
 
 man(v. ma)-za- az ma (v. man)-sa - ri ya [su - u] 
 
 standing at my footstool {?). [//e] 
 
 ]} -^] ^T? EH< -^! --T< ^ETf E^TT « I A4f ^ eT 
 
 a - na e - pis ardu - ti ya ra - man su im - nu va 
 to do my service, himself' set, 
 
 90. ^ I ty? E??< <T:^ Cfr I y? -jn -TT<T t^-fe --T< I 
 
 as -su e - pis di - ni su a-lak ri - zu - ti su 
 for the giving of his sentence, and going to his help. 
 
 91. - m ^m -T4 < -y <'tV ^^ttt- ^ -Ey yj ^i < ^y< 
 
 ina ki - bit Assur va Istar u - zal - la - a bel - u - ti 
 By the command of Assur and Ishtar, he submitted to my dominion. 
 
 Y 
 
162 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 92. . .^11 >.]]<] tt]} tE ^TT^ -.^n ET fE '■n<T -ET Ie 
 
 ina mah - ri ya i - zi - zu va i - tal - la - lu 
 111 my presence he stood up, and glorified the 
 
 93. ^yy <r^ ^►TT'— tt]] m -^ -A< V ^^TT -s^TT IeI 
 
 qur - di Hi ya dan -nu - ti sa il - li - ku 
 
 might of my powerful Gods, ivho loent to 
 
 -TT<T t-^ -A< 94. T? -^IIeJ T -TA ^ ^^m m ^- 
 
 ri - zu - ti a - na - ku Assur-bani- pal lib - bu 
 
 my help. I Assu7^hanipal, of generous 
 
 s£h= I 95. ^ET -^H V-1TT< -^^ m-^^ -TT -M 
 
 rap -su la ka - zir ik - ki - mu pa - si - su 
 
 heart, of defection the remover, for giver of 
 
 A STT Tf -<T< 96. r? ^\ T *T ET -TT<T -^T -rT<T '^n >^ 
 
 hi- da - a- ti a- na Tam-ma- ri - tu re - e -mu 
 
 sin; to Tammaritu favour 
 
 <WT<T <T- I ET 97. V T? I ^W ^ -<^ ^TTTT ^eT I 
 
 ar - si su va sa - a - su ga - du ziri bit abi su 
 
 I granted him, and himself, and part of the seed of his father s 
 
 <IeJ «=m ^m ET- ST? 98. <cT^ ^ >-^TT "3^ --T< - 
 
 ki - rib e - kal ya ul - ziz su - nu - ti ina 
 
 house, within m/y pcdace ^ I placed them. In 
 
 *T T- I tT?n— S^f <IeT 99. V ^T --T< 
 
 im - mi su nisi Akkad sa it - ti 
 
 those days the people of Akkad, ivho ivith 
 
 T H -! -<^ -^ -WA ^\ J^TT -TT*= -^ wo. -t<T^ y^ ti\ 
 
 Saul -mu- gi - na is - sak -nu ik - bu -du 
 
 Saulmugina were placed, and devised 
 
 ^ <\>m ^ HT -TT<T ^T ^T -< -^TT V- -<< loi- Tf ^T 
 
 limut ni - ip - ri - tu iz-bat su - nu - ti a- na 
 
 evil; famine took them, for their 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 163 
 
 ^— !H I ^ ^--T— tf T— I r?^ -S tM— I -3^ 
 
 bu - ri su-nu seri abli su-nu binti sii-nu 
 
 food the Jiesh of their sotis and their daughters 
 
 102. ty? m ]gj ^T<T^ -^Tr n^n m ^m ^^-t<t -^n 
 
 e - ki - In ik - su - su ku - ru - us - bu 
 i/iCT/ did eat, and divided the ***** 
 
 103. .^y^i -T <« -T ^T --T A4f -xin --] -S 
 
 Assur Sin Samas Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 Assur, Si7i, Shaman, Vul, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 104 ^>-] <v/ -gyy tH:y <M -T SU -TI- ^TTT -^ -TT<T 
 
 Istar sa Ninua II sar - rat kit - mu - ri 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 105. H <v,' "gyy -tyy c^ h -T + -T <.^!T -T * 
 
 Istar sa Arba - il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Ai^hela, Ninip, Nergal, and Nusku, 
 
 106. ^yy ^ ^fcii ^yy<y -gy? ^^yy ^ggyy ]gy ^e ^y tm 
 
 sa ina mah - ri ya il - li - ku i - na - ru 
 
 who in my presence marched and destroyed 
 
 -w -m ^£1? 107. y ^^y ^y h^ .^ ^y^ ^y e^s^ -^i^ -!T<i 
 
 ga - ri ya Saul -mu- gi - na ahi nak - ri 
 
 my enemies : Salmugina my rebellious brother, 
 
 108. lyy tE ^yy^ ^yy H :s - <- -IIT H ^1 + Vr [-M -IW 
 
 sa i - gi - ra an - ni ina me - kit isati a - [ri] - ri 
 who made tear with me; in the fierce burning fire 
 
 109. ^y t;<y I Ey ^yyy^ -- -ggyy ^^ t^f *.^ -^yy 
 
 id - du su va u - hal - li - qu nap - sat su 
 they threw him, and destroyed his life. 
 
 no. <y^iEU ty?; y.^ ^yy y? -^y y ^ ^T -<f^ -^ -TTA -^T 
 
 va nisi sa a- na Saul -mu- gi - na 
 
 And the people ivho to Saulmugina 
 
164 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 111. b:^^ -t'^ -TT<T ^W ' '^IH?^ *T- ^ 
 
 ahi na,k - ri u - sak - pi - du 
 
 ony rebellious brother, he had caused to join, 
 
 112. tu V tT? ^ElT -T ^ -m <WfcI -^T A] ^- I 
 
 ip -se- e - tu an- ni - tu limut - tu e - pu-su 
 and these evil thi^igs did; 
 
 113. V <tc -eET -£eT IdJ -^T -W t^T ^-^ -m ^ 
 
 sa me - tu - tu ib - ba - hu nap - sat su - nu 
 who death deserved, their lives 
 
 114. 51= ^ 5^y I i:]}} yy £{?< < £T "5. ^1 ^T< 
 
 pa - nu - us -su- un te - bis - u va it - ti 
 
 before them being precious: ivith 
 
 T -T ^T -<^ -^ -TT<^ -^T -II I "T^ 116. -t] A4f ^ti *T 
 
 Saul -mu- gi - na belsu-nu la im - qu -tu 
 
 Saidmugina their lord, they did not hum 
 
 - -T ^T + (-£!) * H ^ CK -^m -I + 
 
 ina isati (la) pa - an ni - kis gir parzU 
 
 in the Jire, {from) before the edge of the sword, 
 
 117. n^TT ^Wj <m (v.^:=:) ^- ^- -<V (v.'^D -! ^] + 
 
 su - un - ki (v. qu) bu - bu - ti (v. tu) isati 
 dearth, famine, and the burning 
 
 T? -Tr<T -IT<T ^£ ^ -£lT < ^ ii«- *=!? -T<T --TT 
 
 a - ri - ri i - se - tu - u - ni e - hu - zu 
 
 fire, they had fled, and taken 
 
 ^\V m ^T H<] ^- *T --T T— ET- T— 
 
 mar - ki - tu [ti] - bu - ut Hi rabati 
 
 refuge. The stroke of the great Gods 
 
 119. ^i f~- SET? ^IT -ET ^T *T JT <r^ 
 
 beli ya sa la na - par - su - di 
 
 my loy^ds, ichich was not removed 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 165 
 
 120. ^y .T<y ^^ I ^ ^y< ^y? ^ <^y^ HI ^y ^J 
 
 is - hu - up su- nil - ti e - du iil ip - par- sid 
 
 overwhelmed 
 
 them. 
 
 One did not Jiee, 
 
 121, 
 
 m tt]} 
 
 a 
 
 :?H s:^^ mu <ty^ tyiT^ ^b]} >- 
 
 mul - tah - du ul u - zi ina qati ya 
 
 escape from my handSy 
 
 sinner did not 
 
 122. A-n -7^ < iln (V- ^T -£1!) < T? i^T a ^T V V ^r <T:^ 
 
 im -nii-u qatu (v. qa - tu) -u a ruqubi sa- da - di 
 
 my hands held [them^. Poiverfid ivar chariots, 
 
 123. tT V Hfm -E^TT t^ II -Tr<T ^Tf -<T< I 
 
 ruqubi zil - li zik- re - e - ti su 
 
 covered chariots, his concubines 
 
 [and] 
 
 Column V. 
 
 1. w m^ (v. V Md -TITT Bh I ^m- :^t] < Si^ 
 
 sa - ga (v. sa - su) e - kal su u - bil - u - ni 
 the goods (v. furniture) of his 2Jalace, they brought 
 
 [T? <!*] -cElI -n<T ST? 2. tT?? r— V T? -^T -^ 
 
 a - di 
 
 mah 
 
 - I'i ya 
 
 nisi 
 
 sa - a - tu - nu 
 
 '_to\ 
 
 my 
 
 presence. 
 
 Those 
 
 men [ivho] the 
 
 >^ ^t] -^y ^y- ^t I V- 
 
 suq - la - tu pi - i su-nu 
 curses of their mouthy 
 
 ^ -^T -t^y -T<T^ ^- < 
 
 suq - la - tu ig - bu - u 
 
 curses uttered ; 
 
 rubu pa 
 prince 
 
 ^y I -y<y'^ y- 
 
 .lah su ik - bu 
 his loorshipper. 
 
 3. <-::Id -TA -T sTf 
 
 eli Assur Ili ya 
 against Assur my God 
 
 •I- [<Msn tETf r? >^r< 
 
 [va] ya - a - ti 
 
 [and against] me, the 
 
 du - ni limut - tu 
 
 had devised evil : 
 
166 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 lisan su- nu as - lu - uk abikta su-nu as - kun 
 theio' tongues I indled out, their overthrow I accomplished. 
 
 6. ^Ti ^T ^T< -Wr T— ^K TTTEj <tTy >. H ^IT^f H ^m 
 
 si - it - ti nisi bal - du - sim ina sedi alapi 
 
 TJie rest of the people alive among the stone lions and hulls, 
 
 7. ^IT T H <« -V f— ->£!! m m =F -£T? - 
 
 sa Sin - ahi - irba abu abi bani ya ina 
 
 ivhich SenTWLcherih the grandfather my begetter, in the 
 
 ^U :^ ^T y- ^ 8. ^]} tV£T ^) 
 
 ]} >^] m - 
 
 lib - bi is - pu - nu e - nin - na 
 
 a - na - ku ina 
 
 midst had thrown; again 
 
 / in 
 
 m ^r ^h I -Vi} r— v t? -m -^ 
 
 9. ^ n) ^ 
 
 ki - iz - pi su nisi sa - a - tu - nu 
 
 ina lib - bi 
 
 that pit, those men 
 
 in the midst 
 
 j{v?? v^>- j:y{} c:^^ y^^^ V~ ^^^^^ I^I 
 
 >-^!T «) ^T< 
 
 as - pu - un seri nu - uk - ku 
 
 - SU - (u) - ti 
 
 threw. The limbs 
 
 cut off^ 
 
 10. ^W V D IH MI— -^W?{?1— 
 
 >-]]t ^£ ^ -]<] 
 
 u - sa - kil kalbi dabi 
 
 zi - i - bi - hu 
 
 / caused to be eaten by dogs, bears (f). 
 
 eagles (?), 
 
 11. ^T ►T<T T— -T<T T— -T ^^T't H< T— (y- ?K Am 
 
 id - hu - i izzuri same nuni (v. nuni) 
 
 mdturesi^), birds of heaven, and fishes of the 
 
 ^x.} -^V. tE 12. <cy* ^£|T idl ^ s^r? '^T< -T -^T Tf -^T< 
 
 ab - si - i ul - tu ip - se - e - ti an - na - a - ti 
 
 deep. By these things 
 
 tE (v. py?) vT Id! ^- I 13. s^TTT^ ^ A-HPff -T<T ^ITT ^ 
 
 i (v. e) -te - ep - pu -su u - ni - ih - hu lib - bi 
 
 \whicK\ were done, I satisfied the hearts of the 
 
ASSUKDANIPAL. 107 
 
 --T T— ET- T — -II T— ttl] 1 4. t:s ^ T— ^^Ttt T- 
 
 Hi rabati beli ya pagari nisi 
 
 great Gods my lords. The bodies of the men 
 
 w -T -::^y ttn m^ m^ m ^t 15. <^:^ v - 
 
 sa Ninip u - sam - ki -tu va sa ina 
 
 u'hom Ninip had destroyed, and tvho in 
 
 -.^TT ^Vi} <m (^- IeID ^- ^- -<T< J^n IJ -t^ ^T e?_?< ^t 
 
 su - un - ki (v. qi) bu - bu - ti is - ku - nu na - pis - tu 
 drought and famine had parsed their lives; 
 
 16. ^yi<T 4i^T -m- ^liS '^T< IH IeJT— -^Wn? T— 
 
 ri - hi - it u -gab * * ti kalbi dabi 
 
 ********** dogs, hears, 
 
 17. V -^ F~ EV ^ IS^iT -y l£ll< HfH --T T? ►-!< 
 
 sa-tur- i bur- ru * * * * iz-lu -u ri - ba-a- ti 
 saturi, burnt * * * * grew (?) fat. 
 
 18. <£ <v s:^ T— I ^ -<v <-y^ ^y m ^w^ -^} --y E::yy m 
 
 ner-pad-du - i su-nu- ti ul -tu ki - rib Bab - ili 
 
 Their attendants from the midst of Babylon, 
 
 19. 4:^ s:v T? <^ ^y ^} >m m ^m- *^ ^Ejy Ey 
 
 Kutu Sipar u - se zi va 
 
 Kutha and Sijypara, I brought out 
 
 20. tEy tsyyy <w y? ^y ^y -^h Ey y? ^y< 
 
 at - ta - di a - na na - ka - ma - a - ti 
 and placed in slavery. 
 
 21. ^ <T^ ^y fE y- ^- -<y< iBV—i-^^t^wm 
 
 ina si - par i-sib-bu- ti jDarakki su-nu ub - bi * * 
 In splendour, the seats of their sanctuaries I built (?). 
 
 22. <M^ ^Egyy -Ey >-^yy «ty^) -ggyy (^y?) i -^ m A--y < --y< 
 
 ul - le - la su - (ul) - le - (e) su-nu lu - liu -u- ti 
 / raised their glorious (?) towers. 
 
168 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 23. -^T T>^ I ^ ^TT^ ^ < ^]< .^r <;v T— I -s^ 
 
 Ili su- nu zi - nu - u - ti Istari su - nu 
 
 Their Gods dishonoured (J), their Goddesses 
 
 5^tIJ ^ If -^T< 24. j=|ryf :^ A--fflf - -^ ^^TT? ►^T< 
 
 sap - sa - a - ti u - ni - ih ina tak - kal - ti 
 
 desecrated {f)y I rested in purple 
 
 <\-m T? <i- m m sf^T 25. V ifc <iei I tiu V 
 
 va unninnu (?) vad-duk - ki su - un sa 
 
 and hangings {?). Their institutions, lohich 
 
 ^t T- t-^ m £T (j- <ST) V ^T T- <-T^ M < -^T< 
 
 i - mi- zu ki - ma (v. kima) sa im - mi ul - In - u - ti 
 they had removed, like in days of old, 
 
 26. .- ^ T- (v. <K) m- y^Hrr ET m- eii 
 
 ina sal - mi (v. me) u - tir va u - kin 
 
 in p>eace I restored and settled. 
 
 27. tiT ^r ^T< ts T^^ !=:p]f H E^TT <IeJ 4^ -^ T? <IeJ 
 
 si - it - ti abli Bab - ili Kutu 
 
 Tlie rest of the sons of Babylon, Kuthu, 
 
 28. *r :^? -m <iej V - V <t*: "^tt^^ s -^t< 
 
 Sipar sa ina sib- di sak - bi - ti 
 
 and Sippara, luho under chastisement, suffering, 
 
 29. <Mgj ^ Idl -TH -<T< -£ ^ -eeT < iff 30. ^TH -T? -^ 
 
 va ni- ip - ri - ti i -se- tu -u-ni re - e-mu 
 
 and privation had fled; favour 
 
 <WI<T <T- .^T i- -^T< --^T ^-^ -nv -^ l-^ -Bti 
 
 ar - si su - nu - ti ba - lad napis - ti su - nu ag - bi 
 / granted them, the saving of their lives I comw£mded: 
 
 31. <IeJ AV, ^M --T &TT <IeJ ^TTI^ ^ T- ^T ^ -^T< 
 
 ki - rib Bab - ili u - se -sib su - nu - ti 
 
 in Babylon I seated them. 
 
ASSURBANirAL. IGO 
 
 32. cTj? r-^^ \^ iv:y <^ tyyr^ t;<T \- ^yy; s<y 
 
 nisi Akkad ga - clu Kal - du 
 
 The people of Akhal, ruxl some of Chaldea, 
 
 \^ y? c;:yy (v. ^an) -^ 33. ^-^ ^y -■5^^ 
 
 A - ra (v. ru) - mu tarn- ti 
 
 Aram and the sea; 
 
 V T -! -T -<^ -^ -TTA --^! -T<T^ ^^-Vm < eT 
 
 sa Saul - mu - gi - na ik - tir - u va 
 
 whom Saulmugina had gathered^ 
 
 * * - pi - i u - tir - ru a - na pa - ra - az 
 
 * * returned to their own 
 
 E^TT t] ^ I -^ 35. ^y<y^ <TEy ^jm ^y ^y< c£y} 
 
 ra -ma- ni su-nu ik - ki - ru it - ti ya 
 
 districts. They revolted against me. 
 
 - m '^TTIT HA < -T t^-ET ^TIT 36. < ^^yy>-^ Ey^y~> 
 
 ina ki - bit Assur va Belat va Hi rabati 
 
 By command of Assuv and Beltis and the great Gods 
 
 .f^ -E^TT m) T? -^! <V <m -m I i- -B V- *^-y<y 
 
 tig - li ya a- na pat gim - ri su-nu ak - bu - us 
 my protectors, on the whole of them I trampled, 
 
 37. ty lEyyygy -^y.^ v -T M -W ^T? ^ -£TT -^ -r< 
 
 niru Assur sa iz - lu - u e -mid su - nu - ti 
 
 the yoJce of Assur which they had thrown off, I fixed on them; 
 
 38. t:^ V V y>->^ t;s -< ^- tsyy y--- <y- mi m ^eI? 
 
 sanuti bat- bu - da - i(?) si - kin qati ya 
 
 p>refects and rulers appointed hy my hand, 
 
 39. fc tsi^ ^cid -^y tyj ^rgyy i ty?f 40. <yty= ^-y T---- 
 
 as-tak - ka - na e - li su-un di - ka - i 
 
 / established over them. The institutions 
 
 z 
 
1 70 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 -IT4 ^ tT? (v. i- tTTsi^ T— -\A < -T t^^T ^Trr 
 
 gi - lie - e (v. iiu - u) ris - i Assur va Belat 
 
 and high ordina)ices{?) of Assu7' and Beltis, 
 
 41. <HEii H T— V HA <IeJ ^TTT^ IeII ^^? 5^1 1 ^T?? 
 
 va Hi Assur u - kin zir - us -sii- un 
 
 and the Gods of Assyria, I fixed upon them ; 
 
 42. t^t) ^^r « tSTT ^£T -<T< -II --V tm 43. ^^ ^T< 
 
 bil - tu man- da - at - ti belu- ti ya mat- ti 
 
 taxes and tribute to my dominion, of the country 
 
 sum -ma la na -par- ka - a e -mid su - nu - ti 
 the sum undiminished I fixed on them. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column VI, Line 93, to Column VIT, Line 87. 
 
 93. T t-TlT « c£ :=; V ^yy tty "^l t] A--T -Si -j^TT 
 
 Um -man- i -gas sa da - ab -tu ma- ha - as su 
 Ummanigas, ivhom, great benefits I 
 
 tf? ^ I 5^T 94. ^ igf ^ 5^T ]] ^y .^^ *y 
 
 e - bu -su- us as - ku - nu - us a- na saru - ut 
 
 had given him, and appointed him to the kingdom of 
 
 \' <n El <IeI 95. ^yy <y-^? ^t^ -ty ??< ^^ >-^yy 
 
 Elam sa damqa - ti la ha - as - su 
 
 Elam; who the favour disregarded, and 
 
 96. -£T !=y t-^ *jii y? i]^ t:]\ t] ^ -T T— £T- T— 
 
 la iz - zu » ru a- de - e ma-mit Hi rabati 
 
 did not heep the agreement and oath of the great Gods. 
 
 97. <ty^ -Ely jyyy t:^ ]\ IeII y»^- y --y ^y -<^ .^ ^yy^ ^y 
 
 ul - tu qati a-inir- i Saul -mu- gi - na 
 
 From the hands of the messengers of Saidmugina 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 171 
 
 Column VII. 
 
 aliu la ke iiu nakiri ya im hu - rii 
 
 mi/ younger hrother, my enemy, he received a 
 
 SII A-] ^T 2. tT? ^ fell I ^T ►.!< I ^]\] ^n *^^ &TT 
 
 da - lia - tu e -mu- qi su it - ti sii- un is - pu - ra 
 
 hribe. His forces with them he sent 
 
 3. yr ^1 ^ ^y,y .^yy *y^y, .^yj 4. ^, y._ ^^J^y .^y, 
 
 a- na mit-liu - zi imiman ya zabi tahaz ya 
 
 to fi'jht my army, my men of icar, 
 
 V " "-^ h5T <?t???? w ;?? 5. ^y tHitr ^T ti<j ^Ei igf 
 
 sa ina Gan- dun - ya- as it - ta - na - al - la - ku 
 
 wJio in Ganduniyas marched, and 
 
 -W -Til -^ -^11 ^-" tlT? =^T 0. >- >-t\ tE <T^ cETT Cm 
 
 u - kib - ba - su Kal - du ina la i - di zi - ir 
 
 trampled on Chaldea. Against my hand{?) unto 
 
 T fT?f j?n -TT 7. t£ T VI t^TTT « J^m *-^ <:rT ET m 
 
 Un- da - si ablu Te - um -man sar Elam 
 
 Undasi son of Teumnian king of Elam, 
 
 8- <Vm ^ H H ^"^ z^ -II -^TT "<" =^^T rET VT 
 
 va Zazaz niru Bil - la - te 
 
 and Zazaz chief of Billate, 
 
 9. T Up (V. ^i) ^jn m^ E^w -II -^n ^^^ A r^iT -v- 
 
 Pa (v. par) - ru - u niru Hi - il - mu 
 
 Paru cliief of Ililmu, 
 
 10. T ^£1 iBW V -m t:^ ET- -T <:£T ^^■'\^ ^W I 
 
 At- ta -mi- tu nis rab iniLj>aiiu Ne - e -su 
 
 Attametu commander of the archers, and Nes^i 
 
172 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T? Ifc! s?= ^ ^?4I? W <^ <n El <Igf 12. \} v^y ^ .T<y ^^n 
 
 a - lik jia - ni umman sa Elam 
 
 leader of the army of Elam, 
 
 a- na mit-hu- zi 
 to fight 
 
 it - ti umman Assur 
 
 with the army of Assyria, 
 
 tTTT^ t] A-] Em I r?^ -T< 
 
 u -ma- hi - ir su-nu- ti 
 soit them, and 
 
 :T ty? -^ 15. y ^:yyy « 
 
 14. 
 
 13. y t-yyy « t£ "^ 
 
 Um -man- i -gas 
 Ummanigas 
 
 ^IT -TA->m I -3^ --T< 
 
 is - kun su-nu- ti 
 appointed them 
 
 de - e -mu 
 a decree. 
 
 Um-man-i -gas a-na 
 Ummanigas to 
 
 y? -^y y ^y?f ssyy "^yy 
 
 Un - da - si 
 
 Undasi, 
 
 ki - a - am ig - bi 
 even said, 
 
 16- t-iyyy sy y? ity <ty^ ^^gy 
 
 um -ma a - lik ul - tu 
 thus : Go ; against 
 
 \^ --v <M 17- y^^{?? &yy ifc *^y ^y? ^ey --y SfF -^u 
 
 Assur tir - ra tuk-te - e abi ba - ni ki 
 
 Assyria revenge the slaying of the father thy hegetter. 
 
 18. y ty?? ^yy >-^yy 
 
 Un - da - su 
 Undasu, 
 
 Y YY YY ^ 
 
 I TT YT ^ 
 Za-za- 
 
 Zazaz, 
 
 ;^ A.VY 
 
 az 
 
 19. y m 5£TTT ET -SET T Js ^T? JT- 
 
 At - ta - mi - tu Ne - e - su 
 
 Attamitu and Nesu, 
 
 T ^ ^jn tyyyc 
 
 Pa- ru - u 
 
 Paru, 
 
 20. ^y ^y< 
 
 it - ti 
 ivith 
 
 ESS T? l£ll T- 
 
 21. e:;^'!- 
 
 V T -T i^y -<f^ -^ -TTA ►^T 
 
 a - mir - i sa Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 the messengers of Sauhnugina 
 
 <^ -yy<y lu -y<y ^y h < c^ m 
 
 nak - ri ur - hu iz - [bat - u - niv - va] 
 
 rebellions brother; took the road, and 
 
 aliu 
 my 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 173 
 
 22. 5^T '^1 <« -<> < ^ A^: EtlT -^ 23. ^{ T«^ 
 
 US - te - es - sir - u - iii mur - ra - uu zabi 
 
 directed the march. My men 
 
 ^I^Y^^f ^S=lT T "^ < »Wl \T'-TTTT YY YYY 
 
 taliaz ya sa ina Gaii - dun - ya - as 
 
 of war, ivho in Ganduniyas 
 
 24. ^y jtyyy ^y tl<J ^eT © MII^ [-Til -^T -.STI 
 
 it - ta - na - al - la - ku u - [kib - ba - sii 
 marched, and trampled [on 
 
 Kal - dii] ******** **** 
 
 Chaldea] ******** * * * * 
 
 ^ <:rT ^i <Iej 27. iiiii^^ t ^t] s^ttt t- -eet 
 
 Elam ***** At - ta - mi - tu 
 
 Elam ***** AttamitiL 
 
 28. wmmmrn^ ■ [^y<t^ <m\ >^TI d] t] 
 
 ****** [ik - ki] - sii - niv - va 
 
 * * * * * * they cut off and 
 
 29. iAW ^=^\ < =H= n <T*] -^11 -TT<T ^tV, 
 
 [u - bil - u - ni a - di] mail - ri ya 
 
 [brought to'] my presence. 
 
 30 ^"^^^^^W!^^^^^ M '--^T Vy ^V 31. Wm^^^iM^:^^ 
 ****** an-na-a-ti ****** 
 
 * * * * * * these * * * * * * 
 
 I *"*^i 1 1 *^ *^^ >~^ <~yl^<T.'.<ii:'.<<r:',<i~:',si~:'.-4T.<.s II 11^ »-l »-l 
 
 Um -man- i - gas ****** si ik - la va 
 
 Ummanigas * * * * * * he ceased and 
 
 ****** ti a -mat ya ****** 
 
 * * * * * -*- my will ****** 
 
174 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 M4] -^TII -tie H <^TT 35. MT— [ET-T 
 
 [Assur] Bel Nabu Nergal Hi [rabati 
 
 l^Assur'], Bel, Neho and Nergal, the [great^ Gods 
 
 -II T— ^m <]^ s^Jw ^v^ -<v 36. ^y ^r< 
 
 beli ya] di - in kit - ti it - ti 
 
 \jny lords i] a certam judgment against 
 
 T t-ny « ^ - 1£ <y^ ^ jECffl :fr 37. y ^y gy -yy<y ^|Ey 
 
 Um -man-i-gas i - di -nu in - ni Tam-ma- ri - tu 
 
 Ummanigas, appointed me. Tammarita, 
 
 t-^^} S^T I tu -^T^ m £T 38. V yj I tyyy^ t^y 
 
 zir - us - su ip - pal - kit va sa-a-su ga - du 
 
 against him revolted, and him and part 
 
 <SiT 
 
 ^T< 
 
 I ^ITI^ 
 
 tt^] V 
 
 >- 
 
 -T TM T-- 
 
 kim - 
 
 • ti 
 
 su u - 
 
 ra - sib 
 
 ina 
 
 kakki 
 
 of 
 
 his 
 
 family, he 
 
 destroyed 
 
 with 
 
 the sword. 
 
 39. T ^T £T -TM -^T "gTT ^Tf -£! V If I -T<T^ ^-S 
 
 Tam-ma - ri - tu sa e - la sa-a-su iq - zu 
 Tammaritu who over him triumphed, 
 
 40. tyyysr y^ ^ ^y iv^ {? ^.- <n eT <^ 4i. <© ey 
 
 u - sib ina kuzzu Elam ki -ma 
 
 sat on the throne of Elam. Like 
 
 V TU £T tHyy A-y y? -^y a^ a^ 42. <ty^ j^yy ^^ 
 
 sa-a-su va da - ha -a-tu im - har ul is - al 
 
 him also, a bribe he received; he did not seek 
 
 JT ^^ tE5S -<T< m\ 43. y? ^y ^yy<y ^..^ ^£iy 
 
 su - lum saru - ti ya a - na ri - zu - tu 
 
 alliance with my kingdom. To the help 
 
 (y- ^TTT -n<!) T -T ^T -<^ -^ -TTA ^I 44. e^S^ ^ey 
 
 (v. kit - ri) Saul - mu - gi - 11a aliu la 
 
 (v. aid) of Saulmugina my younger 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 175 
 
 <IEJ tT? -^ ^.I^IT IH t^ ET 45. If -^T ^ -i<T ^^^<T ten 
 
 ke - e -nil il - lik - av -va a - iia mit-hii - uz - zi 
 
 hrother he went, and to fio^t, 
 
 ^}A\\ ^Efr lU -n<T H< ty lEj T~^ i 40. ^ 
 
 ummaii ya ur - ri - ha kakkl su ina 
 
 my army he prepared his soldiers. In 
 
 -^ir tit ^T- ^]] V -]A < -T <',V m- s^HJ */- < 
 
 SU - up - pe - e sa Assur va Istar u - sap - pu - u 
 
 prayer Assur and Ishtar I had ^??'«?/e(/ ; 
 
 47. ^TT! i^ A th]} A4f -T<T Iffl t^IT -*^ < -Tr^ E?H 
 
 ta - ni - hi ya im - hu - ru is - mu - u zi - kar 
 ony supplication they received, and heard the words of 
 
 ^^T^T ^ETf 48. ^-] ]>^ I t^^f 5?^T I IdJ -^K <IeI -m ET 
 
 sapti ya ardi su zir - us -su ip - pal - ki - tu va 
 
 ony lips. His servants against him revolted, and 
 
 49. y? H< T— m- Etyy -^yy v- -ii t- <Miy ^Ey? 
 
 a - ha - mis u - ra - si - bu adi limut ya 
 
 each other they destroyed, to my evil 
 
 (v. t> <y-^f -t^ t-tvd 50. y ^Jm mi ^ ti -^y -^yy 
 
 (v. damqati ya) In - da -bi-gas arad su 
 
 (v. benefit.) Indahigas his servant, who 
 
 eyy tyy ^y<y 6i. <^^h M -W s?=fclJ ^T m- ^W V 
 
 sa si - hu eli su u - sab - su - u u - sib 
 
 the revolt against him made, sat 
 
 >- ty jv^ H I 52. y ^y ey ^yy<y ^^y « ^.- <r:y Ey <iEy 
 
 ina kuzzu su Tarn- ma- ri - tu sar Elam 
 
 on his throne. Ta^nmaritu king of Elam, 
 
 63. V T- -TM A-m -m -v]^ '^- -in- 54. <^-h 
 
 sa mi - ri - ih - tu ig - bu •• u eli 
 
 luho untruth had spoTcen, concerning 
 
1 76 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^ <2<I ^TT^ ^T T *^T ^t]]] « 55. V ^y<r^ <tej ^tyy 
 
 ni - kis qaqadu Te - um - man sa ik - ki - su 
 
 the decapitated head of Teiimman; ivhich he had cut off 
 
 T? -w ^jn m^ ^}A]\ m} 56. <MEii t^^]^ I 
 
 a - hu - ru - u umman ya va ahi su 
 
 in sight of my army : and his hrotliers, 
 
 -^ I -<^ f niT ^ET JT 57. ^i ^T< T « W m T» 
 
 qi -nu su ziri bit abi su it - ti 85 rubi 
 
 his kin, the seed of his father's house, with eighty- five princes of 
 
 Elam a - li - kut i - di idi au 
 
 Elam, marching before him; 
 
 58. "iyT -£| ^ ^-\ ty ley ^^ < -y <'A' Idl ^y m J^T 
 
 sa la pa- an kakki Assur va Istar ip - par - su - du 
 who from the face of the soldiers of Assur and Ishtar fed, 
 
 Ey (59 to 68 lost.) 69. mmm -!? T? mmmmMi 
 
 va *** ea ***** 
 
 (inci *********** 
 
 70. y ^y t) -yy<y -siy ^yyy^ [^ -<^ m] t£T u 
 
 Tam - ma - ri - tu ga - [du ziri bit abi su] 
 
 Tammaritu and ixtrt [_of the seed of his fathers house^ 
 
 71. <iEy m ^im ^y- ttv, <ty^ [-< -^yy ^ -y<] 
 
 ki - rib e - kal ya ul - [ziz su - nu - ti] 
 
 in my palace I placed \them~\. 
 
 72. y ^cfff tsyy ;:^ i:^ V j^IeI? I ^T t] -yy<y -^y 
 
 In - da - bi -gas sa arku Tam -ma- ri - tu 
 
 Indahigas icho after Tammamtii, 
 
 <;ry ey <iEy 
 
 Elam 
 Ekun; 
 
 73. 
 
 m- <v 
 
 ^^- 
 
 >- fT 
 
 t-^ }} 
 
 < 
 
 
 u - si - 
 
 bu 
 
 ina 
 
 kuzzu 
 
 
 
 sat 
 
 on 
 
 the 
 
 throne 
 
 0} 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 1 
 
 ( i 
 
 74. Kyy ^1 ..y cT 1^ K^ cET? ^y? ^g^ ey 75. -gyy 
 
 da - na - an kakki ya e - mur va sa 
 
 the power of mi/ servants saw, whom 
 
 «cy^ *y ^yy<y ^y? <y^) ^yyyc tyyy^ ^yy<y ^jn <^cH *-.* <;r! eI <^ 
 
 (ul -tu re - e - si) u - sani - ri - ru eli Elam 
 
 {from the first) I had caused to march over Elam. 
 
 76. es T— V ^-v <ia V Se V- it.]] 77. y? «-y 
 
 abli Assur sa as - pu - ra a - na 
 
 The sons of Assur, whom I sent to 
 
 ^yyy .yy<y y ..y .g .jj ^^ y.^. 78. ^^ ] ^y <::*y yj ^} -^-y 
 
 kit- ri Nabu -bel- zikri ablu Maruduk -bal- iddina 
 
 aid Nebohelzikri the son of Merodachbaladcm, 
 
 ^rr m £T tu -tt<t ^ ^h ^t? n "^j- -^t m *-^ i 
 
 sa ki -ma ip - ri tap- pe - e - a na - zir mata su 
 
 who nice an earth-iccdl guarding his country, 
 
 ^T tr-TIT ^T i^W -ET IeJ ^T '^T< I so. v 
 
 it - ta - na - al - la - kii it - ti su sa 
 
 marched ivith him ; ivhom 
 
 T H -B -II -^ T— - ^V =m ?? !? -T< 
 
 Nabu - bel - zikri ina pi - ir - za - a - ti 
 
 Kebobehikri by treachery 
 
 81. v-T<T (v. ^m-) ^} ^ -^T m^ :=: ^ ^T -T< I - 
 
 uz (v. u) -zab- bi - tu u - bi - lu it - ti su ina 
 
 had captured, and taken with him in a 
 
 ki - li In - da - bi -gas ear Elam 
 
 boat. Indabigas king of Elam, 
 
 83. <ty<^ ^Eiy cyyyy set [h*- I] -W v^ ?? ^ I -j^ -"< 
 
 ul - tu bit abi [su] u - se - za - as -su- nu - ti 
 
 from the house of [///.v] fathers sent them. 
 
 2 A 
 
178 assurba:n'ipal. 
 
 84. <IeJ tE Tt -^ »T ^- WIT- ET A--I Jm £hh tv] :=; cT? 
 
 ki - i za-bat ab - bu [u -ma- hi - ir rak]-be- e 
 
 When [their] capture I commanded, \Jie sent his] good 
 
 tV<T-^? I 85. ^£T H< <Ts^ M} <^I^ -£eT <tt] ^^^]V ^^ I 
 
 damqati su la ha- de - [e ul - tu me]- sir mati su 
 
 messengers, sorrowfully [from the] border of his country, 
 
 86. >- jT„ E~ Tf Tgn I [Tf ^1 V i^^ If <}^ -in 
 
 ina qati a - mir su [a - na sa - kan a - de - e] 
 
 By the hand. of his envoy, [to make agreement] 
 
 < >-^ii ^fc I- !=!? 87. !.ni- ^ - -£T n <i* 
 
 va su - lam - me - e u - se - bi - la a - di 
 
 and alliance ; he sent to 
 
 -sElI -TM (V. <T-) i£]} 
 
 mah - ri (v. mahri) ya 
 my presence. 
 
 Continued on Cylinder C, 
 
 88. <-tH I -I -B -11 -^ T— -% I --I <:i:^i If s< ^T 
 
 eli Nabu -bel- zikri ablu Maruduk-bal- id din a 
 
 About Nehobelzikri son of Merodachbcdadan, 
 
 89. --T SII D * Sfr -Elf 90. -SIT sg^w tt} -£|I 
 
 ardu da - gil pa - ni ya sa in - nab - tu 
 
 tributary dependent on me; who fed, 
 
 ^.^11 -E^ii m If ^T "^^ cii Ei <iei 91- <i-M 
 
 il - li - ku a - na Elam va 
 
 and ivent to Elam : and 
 
 ■^11 ^I --!< f¥ T— "-" -V <m 92. V 
 
 si - it - ti abli Assur 
 
 sa 
 
 the rest of the sons of Assur, whom 
 

 ASSURBAXIPAL 
 
 
 179 
 
 T 
 
 H -S -II -^ T— ^ "^T- 
 
 im ?? T? 
 
 -T< 
 
 
 Nabu - bel - zikri iiia pi - 
 
 ir - za - a - 
 
 ti 
 
 
 Nehohelzikri hi/ 
 
 treacJiery 
 
 
 11 -zab-bi - til u - bi - lu it - ti su ina 
 
 had captured, and taken ivitli him. Bij the 
 
 JTn e:?S T? IEII IT? -^t ! s£^ EST! ^ ^ 'J--*- <IeI T? ^ 
 
 qati a-mir su a- na In - da - bi-gas ki -a- am 
 
 Imnd of his envoi/ to Indahigas, even I 
 
 Se bW M) £T 96. im I ^]Vi T— V T? -eET -t^ (V!) -£T 
 
 as -pur su va [as]-su nisi sa-a- tu -nu- (te) la 
 
 sent to him also. If those men thou dost not 
 
 -m V ^ -EI 97. c^TTT £T tl<j -£! A-^ ET -::n T— -tfcl 
 tu -se-bi-la um -ma al - la-kav-va alani ka 
 
 send, thus ; I ivilJ march ; thy cities 
 
 T'r -^\ £^ 98. [i^TH] r— -^TT ^T V -T -^TT ET ^m? -^T 
 
 a- na - qar nisi Su-sa-an Ma-dak- tu 
 
 I will destroy ; the i^eople of Shushan, Madaktu and 
 
 -tTT A j^lT M Tf t> r 99. [<f|^] ^£eT tf tv^ ?? tE:s; --T< 
 
 Hi- da - lu a-sal-lal [ul] - tu kuzzu saru - ti 
 
 Ilidalu, I ivill carry off ; from thy royal throne, 
 
 -rH T? Cm? <l£j --H ET loo. [V] -r<Tv e| - ^y ^^^ ?? 
 
 ka a -dak- ki ka va [sa] nam -ma ina kuzzu 
 
 / will hurl thee ; ojid another on thy throne, 
 
 -tu^w [^ H 101. iMiyn - <M yy ^^m « 
 
 ka u -[se-sib] * * mis ina pan Te - um -man 
 
 / will seat. As, formerly Teumman 
 
 m- *tn -TM m '02. ctit= m^ a^ -^ti 
 
 u - sap - li - ku u - sam - bar ka 
 
 / crushed; I a'dl cause to destroi/ thee. 
 
180 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 -tH Vi !£TTT 103. Lii] ^]]]^ £SS !? WA I ET A^ I 
 
 ka - a - ta [su] - u a - mir su ma- tar su 
 
 [this is] to thee. He, his envoy before him 
 
 ^ET c£ - V :^ lo-t. [^ET] tyyic V -T "j^ I <T- IeII 
 
 la i - bi - sa - du [la] u - sa - an - nu su si - kin 
 
 did not come, did [not'] repeat to him the Jibing 
 
 £:4cT cTf y c£T? 105. \r m -<V -^A -T <« -T '^T 
 
 de - e - mi ya [ina tugnl]- ti Assur Sin Samas 
 
 of my will. [In] the service of Assur, Sin, Shamas, 
 
 --Til -tTS 100. M <^ V] -KT <:&' -T<??7 V 
 
 Bel Nabu [Istar sa] Ninua Istar sa 
 
 Bel, Xeho, [Ishtar of] Nineveh, Ishtar of 
 
 ^-ry — --y --y + ^ ^ ^^ --r <^yy lo?. ^yy 
 
 Arba- il Ninip Niisku Nergal sa 
 
 Arhela, Ninip, Nusku and Nergal, who 
 
 -TI<! -EI :e! ^^tt T? T? tE -^I <Kn<T mi tlTT^ -M cElf 
 
 it - tal - la - ku ida - ai i - na - ar - ru ga - ri ya 
 march before me, and destroy my enemies ; 
 
 108. [T? jjHi] £:sf I? lElI (V. ESS ^S T- -TM) ^EI? -gll 
 
 [a - lak] a - mir (a(?)-mi - ri) ya sa 
 
 [of the journey] of my envoy, whom 
 
 I? -^I -tTl <T* -TM fe V- ^jn 109. [s:<yy] .^- tyyyt 
 
 a - na Di - ri as - pu - ru [is] -mu- u 
 
 to Diri I had sent ; [they] heard 
 
 m ^]}} "-^ <r:i EI <m >*- ►TII< -I< s£:s -I< tm 
 
 ki - rib Elam. pu - luh - ti saru - ti ya 
 
 in Elam. TJie fear of my kingdom, 
 
 110. [V cyyyt ?f ^--y] -^^ ^tm ^ ^yy-^ gy^y 
 
 [sa u - za - hi] - nu in - ni Ili rabati 
 
 [which ivas] preserved to me by the great Gods; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 181 
 
 Elam is - hu - up (v. hup) va [mat su zir] 
 
 Elam overwhelmed, and [his country against^ 
 
 ! elrm t?IT :^ t: HI -H^ <IEJ -££! iis.ce-^i^jhsi^I 
 
 In - da -bi-gas ip - pal - ki - tu i - na - ru - us 
 
 Tndabigcts revolted, and they destroyed him 
 
 ^ ty lu T— 114. T t-TiT « -HI SII "^TT -^ 
 
 ina kakki Uui -man- al - da - si ablu 
 
 loith the sword. Ummanaldasi son of 
 
 T ^ET t^TTT I- -^T 115. tTiTc <^ v^ >- ty t>^ ?! I 
 
 At - ta -mi- tu u - si - bu ina kuzzu su 
 
 Attamitu, sat on his throne. 
 
 Date at close of a Proclamation to the Babylonians, 
 
 K, 84. 
 
 ^-} ^r^ ^T «TTT -B <T- -^ T-V j^& ^ 
 
 Arab Airu immi '23 lim - mu Assur- dur -uzur 
 
 Month Tyyar, twenty-thridy day, eponym Assurduruzur. 
 
 T -I V + 1I< nSIT -T<T^ t^ ^I s^m ^^^T 
 
 Sa -mas-balad- su - ig - bi it - ta - bel 
 SJiamashaladsuigbi brought [it\ 
 
 Omen Tablet Fragment. 
 
 a. 
 
 Tf -^y 
 
 111 ^-YYYT 
 
 <m -E 
 
 AA,^YYYY 
 
 ^-YYYY 
 
 "ja 
 
 
 A - na 
 
 Babili 
 
 i - 
 
 tir 
 
 ru 
 
 
 To 
 
 Babylon 
 
 they 
 
 turned. 
 
 
 Saul - mu - gi - na a - na qati su- un 
 
 Saulmugina to their hands the// 
 
182 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cE -.ty .Q ;:i^ JT d. ^^y^ e. ^-? jy ^y 
 
 i - ba - aq - qu su summi arah Duva^u immi 
 
 drew him aLcay{f). OTnens. Month Tammuz, 
 
 « 'f' ^i^ <I- -^ T HA tilSj -V ./•■ T -^TII -TIT^ tv <T- 
 
 27 lim-mu Assiir- dur -uzur Bel - u - sal - lim 
 
 twenty -seventh day, eponym Assurduruzur. Beluscdlim 
 
 E^m - T -lA 4S ;^ EI H It Tt 9- - -II i^^I >=!? T- 
 
 lial Hi - sa - am -ma- il - ai ina adi de - e - mi 
 
 the hal and Hisammailai, at command 
 
 ina lib- e - kal esse e -tap-pu- su 
 in the midst of the new palace tiutde. 
 
 Passage at the close of Omen Tablet K, 159. 
 
 «■ T --T 4= -II -M^ T— --^ ^1 -t^^ T? T? *• -eT -St ^ 
 
 Na.bu -bel- zikri tam - ti - ai la nazir 
 
 Nehohehikri the seama^n disregards the 
 
 4E T HA JF T? « ^-^ -W c. :fz *y Eyn ^^tl -II I 
 
 dabta Assur-bani-pal sar Assur bin - nt qati ka bel su 
 
 henejits of Assurbanipal king of Assyria the work of thy hands his loixl, 
 
 V CflC c<yy ^ ►tid EI- fr d- H ^ ^I *<^ =^111*^ El 
 
 sa ni - is sumi ka rab - a qa - lis iz - kur- u va 
 
 who the worship of thy great name always celebrated and 
 
 tE I- I TJ- T e. rt t>ET -^I I -lA ^ ^S ^I « 
 
 i -mi-su sal-dis i - nin - na - Assur -bani- pal sar 
 
 {5 valiant martially. Again, Assurbanipal king of 
 
 Y f. ^ fyyy< ^^H ^11 -^ -III- El g- t-yyy ey 
 
 Assur pa- luh ka is -mu- u va um -ma 
 
 Assyria thy worshipper has heard also this: 
 
 
ASSURUAXirAL. 1^3 
 
 initpanu ina Elam uj) - tah - har iHiku(^) 
 
 " The archers in Elam hare (jathered and inarched 
 
 '• <IeJ ^? T-'" ^T ^n; V I -lA ^ !? ./• « V ^-7 
 
 itti zabi id -dan sa Assur-bani-pal sar Assiir 
 
 ivlth the men belonr/inf/ to Assnrh<iiiii>n] kin;/ of Assyria, 
 
 Igj tyiT^ \< MA <IeJ T? )} ^-^ m MIT^ !!£■■;' <m 
 
 hi - u Assur - ai lu - ii Akkad 
 
 the Assyrians, the Akkadians, 
 
 m tint B'^ cit; i£]] in? /• m ^w 
 
 III - u kal - da - ai hi - ii 
 
 the Chaldeans, and the 
 
 ESS -TA-ni <?::???? tE V <£n T - :f I? '«• P= ^T 
 
 Gun - dun - i sa niri Assur-bani-pal bin - ut 
 
 Gandunians, who the yoke of Assurhanipal the work 
 
 m -ttl - I -^T T EF <« tT m E<H? "• < -TB^T 
 
 qati ka * * tu ana epes kakki qabal va tahaz 
 
 of thy hands have rejected (i*) to make fijhtimj, war and battle 
 
 <!eJ I V- A4f -BW ??< I? }} 0. <cT^ A-W 
 
 itti su - nu ini - mah - ha - a-za ul - dabii 
 
 with them he was prepared. Not good, 
 
 p. tTf / V s=^ ET M m- " V v-nT< V *^^ <n El <IeJ 
 
 e -zib sa-du va hi - u ina mi- sir sa Elam 
 
 excepting the mountain which is in the border of Elam, 
 
 q. ^ tyyyt ^ y^ '^.yyy< v \- j ^\ -^yy gy .. ^ ^yyy^ 
 
 bi - u ina mi- sir sa mati su uzzizii va hi - u 
 
 which cdong the border of his country joined, and which 
 
 T? -^T ^ tyyy< jgu tyyy= y? ^-y ;? - jyn -v. < y^ ^^-yyy< 
 
 a- na pul- hili lu - u a- na za-bat qati va mi- sir 
 
 through fearing to be captured in Itand, the border 
 
184 ASSURBANTPAL. 
 
 -B] tn -^!^ -B <m iBv.] >■ -^} m /t v ^b 
 
 la ip - pal - ak - ki - ta arah Nisannu immi 4 
 
 did not revolt. Month Nisan, fourth day, 
 
 iy-^ y 4S ^^ "• T HA -TTf ti=m « T ^ TT? If T? 
 
 lim-mu Sa-gab Assur - da- in - sar Dan- ai 
 
 eponym Sagab, Assurdainsar and Danai 
 
 -II m >■■ I-T ^TTT ^TTIT eT- =^^T ^Vj ^ I 
 
 bel - ku saptu lib e - kal esse e -tap-su 
 
 the helku in the neiv loalace made. 
 
 Passage at close of Omen Tablet K, 4696. 
 
 «• [— T] <« ^ ^ b;^^ b. jr^ y ^-y t>^T ^y- ^ 
 
 Sin - tab- ni - uzur ablu Nin - gal-iddina 
 
 Sintabniuzu?' son of Ningaliddina^ 
 
 c- ["gyy] T <-tu Ess^ t< KI <m '/• [Hi] ^i- ^iii -^H i 
 
 [sa] ana eli Ur [ip] - pi - kit pi sii 
 
 [ir/io] over Ur was appointed, his face 
 
 < ^TII I e- [^I -^T< I -T] -T -<^ -^ -IIA ^I <Mm 
 
 va lib su [it - ti] Saul -mu- gi - na * * * 
 
 and his heart [;with'] Saulmugina * * * 
 
 Reverse. 
 
 [-^',] £:4^T ^I <I tfE <T- -^ T [hS -^] 
 
 arah Abu immi 11 lim-mu [Sa-gab] 
 Month Ah, eleveyith day, eponym [_Sagal)] 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 1 Hf) 
 
 Passage at close of Omen Tablet K, 2S. 
 
 [Ta] immi 22 sa arah ;ui - iii - i ar;ih Duv.izu 
 
 From the ticcntjj -second day of this month, the month Tammuz, 
 
 [a - di] immi 22 sa arah abii sa sanat an - [na] 
 
 [^o] the twenty-second day of the month Ah of this year. 
 
 c. Q .^y] <« ^ ^ ciTI^ <- tE I V 
 
 Sin - tab - ni - u - zur abln su sa 
 Sintabniuzur, his son of 
 
 ci. [] --]-] tVET ET- sE? -^! ^! -<V <•■ [I HA] ^ T? 
 
 Nin -giT^l- iddina it - ti [Assur] -bani-pal 
 
 Ningaliddina, with Assurbanipal 
 
 « ^ .^ :p ^f jTn -^u /■ mmmB -E ^ ^T -r< 
 
 sar Assur binut qati ka * * * * i - ru it - ti 
 
 king of Assyria, the work of thy hands * * * * \inade war{?)^2cith 
 
 T --T -I -<^ -^ -TTA ^T 0- mmm m m^ ^i -<i< 
 
 Saul -mu- gi - na * * * * In - u it - ti 
 
 Saulmugina ****** * ?ri7/i 
 
 h- mmmB ^m --^i i 
 
 * * * * lib - ba - su 
 
 * * * * his heart. 
 
 Passage at close of Omen T aiglet K, 1300. 
 
 Ultu immi 8 sa arah an - ni arah Abu 
 
 From the eighth day of this mouth, the tnuitth Ah, 
 
 2 B 
 
18G 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 a- di immi 7 sa arah Ululu zabi Elami 
 
 to the seventh day of the vrhonth Elul. Tlie men of Elojn 
 
 up - tah - ha - ru - u uk 
 
 gathered, 
 
 set 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 }\ 
 
 ^jii 
 
 -TIT- 
 
 taz 
 
 - za - 
 
 ru 
 
 u 
 
 
 order. 
 
 
 and 
 
 e. 
 
 mt 
 
 
 '} T— 
 
 
 itti 
 
 za 
 
 bi 
 
 
 ivith 
 
 the 
 
 men 
 
 ,/. j^y y..~ tt ty jgy £<2i? < ^y^| 
 
 illikuni(?) kakki qabal va tahaz 
 marched (?) fighting battle and wot 
 
 ^ycyy?V I-TA ^ \} /■« "-^--Wm IdJ'^- I ^W 
 
 id -dan sa Assur-baui-pal sar Assnr ib-bu-su- u 
 
 belonging to Assurbanipal king of Assyria, ivas made. 
 
 ul dabu sar Dan - ai -ablu ****** 
 
 Not good. From Danai son o/ ***** * 
 
 //. ^ 
 
 Hff 
 
 -II m 
 
 ^y ??? t^ <y^ .^ y 4i >^ 
 
 bil ku(?)arali Ululu immi 7 lim-mu Sa-gab 
 the bilku{?) month Elul seventh day, eponym Sagab. 
 
 Passage at close of Omen Tablet K, 4, 
 
 [y -^y ty ►<^] ^ -yy^ ^y 
 
 [Saul] - mu - g* 
 
 \_Saur\mugina 
 
 - na 
 
 ^5f?^ T" ^T 
 
 ahu lakenu (?) 
 the yomiger brother 
 
 
 tE -yy<y -gy -y<y ey c. 
 
 
 * * * * 
 
 i - dal - la - hu va 
 
 * * * rab- u 
 
 * * * * 
 
 he embroiled and 
 
 * * * great 
 
 
 "• MMMM^ -lYY *^ 
 
 ^t -t] t^yy yf y^ 
 
 - bu * * 
 
 * * * un - ni - 
 
 i la da - a - bu 
 
 * * * 
 
 * * * * * 
 
 * not good 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 187 
 
 «• mmBim <m -^i t -ta :?= t? « ^ -^ 
 
 * * * * ki - iia Assur - l)ani - pal sar Ass\ir 
 
 * * * * * * Assurhanipcd kirig of Assur, 
 
 sar binu-iit qati ka sa ana sar ka dabu 
 
 the work of thy hands, who unto thee- is good, 
 
 u - hu - qu - u ki - di - in sa zi(?) ka 
 it'^o has established ordinances and on thj * * * 
 
 sit - ku - iia eni su is - mu - u um - ma 
 
 has fixed his ^yes, heard thus: 
 
 i T ^T -<^ >^ -ITA -^T T V <;rT eT <Igf i- -e - IfcJ 
 
 Saul -mu- gi - na ana Elam i -lial-lik 
 
 " Saidmagina. to Elam broke away; 
 
 1? V tnTi= V <T' -£et <t- -e *• T <* <;n et <iej 
 
 a - mat u - sa - si - tu pan - i ana Elam 
 
 <in agreement he caused to make, before to Elam 
 
 i - hal - li - ki 5 libiti (?) ina lib ul 
 
 he broke away. Five omens in heart were not 
 
 A^W ra. -^f <,eT *T <V,' ^EE <T- -^ ! ^T s^-^ 
 
 dabu Arab Tasritu immi 15 lim-mu Sa-gab 
 
 good. Month Tisri, fifteenth day, eponym Sagah, 
 
 n. T JF -m &m T ^]]\ W }} -II IeJ ". -^T T— ET- T'~ 
 
 Da- ri - sar Dan- ai bel-ku Ili rabati 
 
 Darisar Danai belku. TJie great Gods the 
 
 -II T— <« + p- ^T ^^ ^-T<T -^TT <« + 
 
 beli uzzi tiim - nui - us - su uzzi 
 
 lords stroigfh . ronlinvc to him, their 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 
 
 W <h ^} ]} ^T 
 
 t^>W 
 
 ^ >rrr TYY 
 
 '^ ►ff- TY 
 
 sa damiq a - na 
 
 sar 
 
 be - eli ya 
 
 for good to the 
 
 king 
 
 my lord 
 
 188 
 
 I ^ ?■ 
 
 su - nu 
 strength 
 
 lis -tap -pa ru - u - ni 
 rmiy they send. 
 
 Passage at close of Omen Tablet K, 3161. 
 
 a. ['Mf] <?!? ctE V -^f H ^ b. --? ^tEl V -^ 
 [immi] 17 sa arah an - ni arah Samna sa sanat 
 
 The seventeenth day of this month, the month Marchesvan of 
 
 .^y ^T ^1 s?^T c. ^yy ^; y>~ ^y s^yy? rf. v 
 
 an - na uzzusC?) sa zabi id - dan sa 
 
 this year, it ivas that the men belonging to 
 
 y^^y^ ^z yf « -.< ^ e. y <-cIdy-T-<^'^-TTA-^T 
 
 Assur-bani-pal sar Assur ana eli Saul -mu- gi - na 
 
 AssurbanijKd king of Assyria ivent ,over to Saulmugina; 
 
 f. ^y -yy<y ieJ y jyn i -5^ g- <m m^ -eIT a^w 
 
 it - tal -kuanaqati su-nu ki(?) -bit(?)- tu dabtu 
 
 to their hands the wiU{?) was good. 
 
 [Arab] Samna immi 17 lim-mu Sa-gab * * * a 
 
 Month Marchesvan seventeenth day, eponym Sagab * * * a 
 
 Assur - dan 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 ■5^ ^ 4^ 
 
 i 
 
 * * * 
 
 Assur dan 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 * 
 
 * * * 
 
 
 7F VP" •51^ 
 
 k- [- ^yyy ^yyyy] ^] yy ^y? ^ jy 
 
 [ina lib Bit] -ridu-te- e -tap-su 
 [^In the midst^ of Bitridute made. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 189 
 
 K, 312. Proclamation of the King to the People 
 OF THE Sea Coast. 
 
 A-iuat sar a - na nisi mat tarn- ti nisi ah - ba - i 
 
 The Will oj- the king to the men oj the coast, the sea, 
 
 < tf T— ^;:rT T— ^ Tf 3. {]^ -^ y; ]} <!^ ^yyi -^y 
 
 va abli ardi a salim - mu ai - si lib - ba 
 
 and the sons of my servants ; my peace to your 
 
 ■7^ 4. lai Kyy «t m -i- <y «• n -^ e^n -ii 
 
 ku - nu lu da - ab ku - n\i - si a - mu - ra adi 
 
 hearts, may you he icell. I am ivatching 
 
 y -B -^Id 1} A-I <-;. ^ ^yyy v <T-n I? I? - <-^Id A 
 
 na - ak - ka - a - ha ina lib sa eni ai ina eli 
 
 sharply, from out of my eyes, over 
 
 IeJ 7^ 7. <y^iElj -t\ ^ ►-y A ^T V T -I ^ -II -^ I— 
 
 ku-nu va la pa- an hi- id sa Nabu-bel- zikri 
 
 you; and from the face of the sin of Nehohehikri , 
 
 8. iv ^yy? !.yyy -gyy y y- ^y -j^ o. «y ^^ .-^yy 
 
 ***** sa ana mi - na - nu ab - ru - su 
 
 ***** entirely I have separated 
 
 m -7^ <T- Tf ^T ^TTI^ it»- T -i^III ^ -^T y? < 
 
 ku - nu - si a - du - u Bel - ibni arda a va 
 
 you. Now, Belihni my servant, 
 
 B^ E^y -^y <y- w 1 1- T? -^T T? ifcj !i^ -j^ --T< T <-t]dA 
 
 du - ba - si ya a- na a - Hk pa-nu- ti ana eli 
 
 my deputy, to go before, to he over 
 
 Iiy .5^ 12. cKj ^ Kyy tB] -^y v- i3. «y ^ ^^i^ ey 
 
 ku-nu al -tap- ra at- tu -nu ab -bat- tiv va 
 
 you I send to you. I command, and 
 
1^0 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^ ^yyy ]} v u. v - <-^HA f£H ^TT mmm 
 
 ina lib a - mat sa ina eli ya da-[bu] * * * 
 
 in tJie will which is in Que good * * * 
 
 IS. V - '^m ^ V ^mM^mm is. e^^? 
 
 sa ina lib - bi sa ****** nisi 
 
 which in the heart ****** * 
 
 ut**** ki **** tarn- ma- ra -ni 
 
 ***** * **** **** 
 
 mi * * * * sa ardi sa zi * * * * 
 
 ***** of the se7'va7its who * * * * 
 
 20. w -II T— M\ V- ^IT JT "v^ 21. t£T? ^-T ^ ^TTT:: 
 
 sa beli su-nu is -su-nu ya - ha -nu- u 
 
 of their lords bring (f) to me. 
 
 Se I T IeJ 22. e;s -T? -^ <M tE|} -I<J i^ E^!T 
 
 as-su ana-ku e - mu -, ki ya al -tap- ra 
 
 Of myself, my forces I send. 
 
 23. t£ 'm JT ^£T -sET M ^ 24. <:::: ^ < C^Ie <l£j 
 
 i- lu - su at - tu ku-nu me-nu-u dum - ki 
 
 / have joined with you, heeping your 
 
 ^ 25. i-mm^ -^ ^i <T- v/ 
 
 ku-nu va dabtu ku - nu i - na emur ya 
 
 good and your hetiefit in my sight. 
 
 Date. 
 
 ^-} cT^ ^T V/ ctE <T- -^ T -II ^ ^M T? 
 
 Arab Airu immi 5 lim-mu Bel-harran-sad-u- a 
 Month lyyar, fifth day, eponym Belharramadua 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 101 
 
 K, 4457. 
 
 [Um -mail]- al - da - su ahu su sa Tarn -ma- ri -tu 
 Ummanaldasu brother of Tammaritii 
 
 « ^.^ [<;rT ET <^] 2. T ^r vl <T!^ e^ tv ^y [<'hT] 
 
 sar [Elam] Ut - te - di nisi rab [mitpanu] 
 
 Icing of \_El'ini]. Uttedi commander of archers, 
 
 3. T. ^I ^t]\] « E:si £1- -IO V '^ITIT - -ET I? LIT] 
 
 Te - um -man nis rab mitpanii sa bit - hal - la - a [suj 
 and Teiimman comiminder of the archers of [his'\ chariot \J), 
 
 4. T ^T E! -IT<T ^T « ^--^ Cl\ ET <IeJ V W -^T ^IIT -II<T 
 
 Tam - ma- ri - tu sar Elam sa a - na kit - ri 
 
 Tammaritu king of Elam, who to the aid of . 
 
 T H ET -<^ -^ -tT A -^! Si^ 5. ::ivyy .^^y ^.j>j -^ gy 
 Saul -ma- gi - na * * * il - li - ka - av -va 
 
 Saulmugina * * * ive?it, and 
 
 yr „-y ^ .y<y .^.y<y ^r^yr .^yj 6. y? ^y ^ 
 
 a - na mit - hu - uz umman ya a - na - ku 
 
 to fo^^t ray army. I 
 
 y --y^ ^^ y? « *.^ ^-v -ta < -T <'ff =^ -t<t ih 
 
 Assur-bani-pal sar Assur Assur va Istar am - hu - ur 
 Assurhanipal king of Assyria, Assur and Ishtar invoked; 
 
 Ey 7. t<yy >^ < -^yy ^^ ^y tt]\ T ti=m t?IT ^ c^ 
 
 va is -mu-u su - up - pi ya In - da - bi-gas 
 
 and they heard my 2?rayer: Indabigas 
 
 ^-y >-^yy t-^*? 5?<T I s. jaf -^T^ ^Tir Ey - ^ysEE! 
 
 arad su zir - us - su ip - pal - kit va ina talitiz 
 
 his servant, against, him revolted, and in the battle 
 
192 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 E^^j E^yy ^ ^ <|^ <F JT 9. tif J r— y ^^T eT -n<T ^'I 
 
 zin is -ku-iiii abikta su nisi Tarn -ma- ri -tu 
 
 field accomplished his overthroiv. The men of Tammaritu 
 
 ultu qabal tam-ha- ri in -nab-tu-niv- va abikta umman su 
 
 from the midst of the battle fed avd of the defeat of his army 
 
 -W -^ I ET siHff txJ, c^yTT m- 'an 4i^-TyT A ^T -tNV 
 
 ig - bu su va in -nab- ta u - ru - uh -hi tarn- ti 
 told him ; and he fled by the way of the sea. 
 
 11. t<\t^] I y^:m£^y^ ;^ ^-y E::yy ^ yyy^ y- - ^y^v^?? I 
 
 arku su In -da -bi-gasarad su u -sib ina kuzzu su 
 After him Indabigas his servant, sat on his throne. 
 
 12. 
 
 -T -IIT T ^] t] -n<T 
 
 ^] « V <n <;£j 
 
 
 Elap Tarn - ma - ri 
 
 tu sar Elam 
 
 
 The ship of l^ammaritu 
 
 king of Elam, 
 
 t:^^ v^ I mw^i -<^ ^TTIT ^ET I 13. -yyyy y-— 
 
 ahi su qi - ni su ziri bit abi su rubi 
 
 his brothers, his kin, the seed of his father's house, and the princes 
 
 [y? IH] ^Ttt I ElT <T- -T<!^ 7^ <]^ ^jn < ^JII ^Ji^ ^T 
 
 [a - lik] idi su sa si - ik - nu di - ru - u ru - taq - tu 
 [^oing'] before hitn, which ivas sijiking (?) ***** 
 
 ,=y ^^y ^y i4. y ^yy ^- m <]^ I? --T -<T< I < <^I^ -^T 
 
 iz - ba -tu * * * * * ba - ti su-u ul -tu 
 
 had taken. ***** he from 
 
 m -n? i^T -m nri l <Iej -£gyy 15. y ^y ey ►yy<y ^y 
 
 ki - rib elap su- a-tu ana ki - li Tam-ma- ri -tu 
 
 out of that ship, to a boat, Tammaritu 
 
 w ^] ^W, I ^]] <T- Ey im s^^y ^y cp E^ 
 
 a - na arku su is - si ma - ru - us - tu qaq - qar 
 071 his back he carried sick. The 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 193 
 
 ►w^ e::!! tm 16. ^]]]^ ^r ^TT<T mm ^KO 
 
 nam - ra - zi ii - par - ri * * * us (?) 
 
 ground he placed him, on, 
 
 ^}W V tTT? I <lEy tiT? ^TTA D I— Tf ^T ^-^^ -ry<T I ■?'- 
 
 u -se-rib su ki -rib qaiii * * * a-na bu - ri su-nu 
 he caused him to enter into the reeds. For their food 
 
 * * * * * * sa ut * * * zib * * * 
 
 * * * * * ivJiich * * * * * * * 
 
 Reverse. 
 
 1. T -^1 B] -n<i ^1 « '-" <;rT m "v ^ -i 
 
 Tarn -ma- ri - tii sar Elam sa pa - an 
 
 2\immaritu king of Elam, ivho he/ore 
 
 T tiiw ^TT :=: :=: HJ -*^K 2. ^ <:^ ^yy? ^.yy^ gcyy ^y< 
 
 In - da - bi -gas ip - pal ina ki - rib mar- ra - ti 
 
 Indahigas fell; in the midst of the sea 
 
 tt <iEy ^^yy ^ y? ^y, -^ -^jn sy 'Oiy '^ ^y 3. y? -^y igy 
 
 i - ki - il pa-a e -mu- ru ma- ru - us -tu a- na - ku 
 
 sailed (?) and had seen sickness. I 
 
 y .^y^ :^ y? « v ^-^ ^yy<y a ^^T? --T< tE:si '^T< tt]} 
 
 Assur -bani-pal sar Assur ri -he- e - ti saru - ti ya 
 
 Assurbanipal king of Assyria, my royal friendship 
 
 m- V ==4^T I -t- -TT<I A -T? -^T< V T? -y< --^y 
 
 u - se - bil su ri - he - e - ti sa - a - ti - na 
 
 sent to hi^n. lliat friendship he 
 
 A4f A* El - <T- ?^ JT ^T -pyTj?^ ^Ey? 
 
 im - har va ina maliri ummati ya 
 
 received, and in presence of my general 
 
 ■2 <• 
 
194 
 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 
 
 5. 
 
 -w- -^I 
 
 Si ,<T- ^I 
 
 CP •»-! 
 
 ^ja 
 
 
 u - na 
 
 - as - si - qa 
 
 qaq - qa 
 
 ru 
 
 
 kissed 
 
 the 
 
 ground. 
 
 
 Si - id - ru sa Um -man- i -gas la na - zir dabtu 
 Line [of battle^ of Ummanigas, disregarder of the benefits 
 
 7- -gTT T -TA ^ T? « <^ --V "iTT <IeJ ^^TT? 
 
 sa Assur - bani - pal sar Assur sa ki - rib 
 
 of Assurbanipal king of Assyria; who in 
 
 Elam is - ku - nu su a - na saru - ti 
 
 Elani had appointed hi'm to the ki^igdom. 
 
 Tarn -ma- ri -tu sa it - ti su * * ma * * is -ku-nu 
 Tammaritu who with him had fought (J) had accomplished 
 
 iy iy I 10. ^yyyc ^y ^yy<y ^jn MIT ^<* -^TI 
 
 abikta su u - par - ri - ru el - lat su 
 
 his overthrow and dispersed his forces. 
 
 11- [^'\ <<K. -TTst ^] [T] I ^:TTT « pE t^ « 
 
 [Ni] - kis qaqadu [sa] Um -man- i - gas sar 
 
 Decapitated head [o/'] Ummanigas king of 
 
 V i-z] ET <m 12. [-eyy] tt]} ]) ^v mmimmmm 
 
 Elam [sa] ya-a-ti ****^* 
 
 Elam, who to 'me *****-* 
 
 -T'r I m- + -<^ -T ^ 13. [y? ^y ^yyyj ^yy<y 
 
 e -su u -vas- sir an - ni [a - na kit] - ri 
 
 * * abandoned me, and [to the^ aid of 
 
 [T -T ^] -m -^ -TTA -^I -II EhS ^ T— ttVr 
 
 [Saul] - mu - gi 
 [Said]mugina 
 
 na bel 
 
 nakiri 
 
 ya 
 
 lord- of 
 
 my 
 
 enemies, 
 
ASSURHANIPAL. 195 
 
 * * * * Tarn -ma- ri - tu ik - ki - su qabal 
 
 * * * * Tammaritu had cut off in the midst of 
 
 tarn - ha - ri * * * * unimati ya 
 
 hattJe. * * * * hiy general 
 
 sa Um - man - i - gas * * * * Ma- dak - tu 
 
 who Ummanigas * * * *- Madaktu. 
 
 K, 2825. Partly Restored from Fragments of Dltplicate 
 
 Tablets. 
 
 "■ T ^T ET -TT<T -^T « ^-^ d] eT <IeJ (I T? ^T) 
 
 Tam-ma- ri - tu sar Elam (su - a - tu) 
 
 Tammaritu king of Elam (that), 
 
 T? <Tri^ y t-yyy « ^Kf ih T *: E^yy im [e:wM— JU 
 
 a - di Um -man- al - das Pa - ra * * [ahi su] 
 
 and Ummanaldas, Para * * [liis brothers'] 
 
 b. y t-yyy « ci<y ^yy tyy t^ y *^y t^yyy « « 
 
 Um - man - al - da - si ablu Te - uia - man sar 
 
 Ummanaldasi son of Teumman king of 
 
 \' <n Ey <iEy y i^^yiy « :^^^^] ^tm « ^h a^-t 
 
 Elam Um -man- am - ni ablu Um-man-pi - ha 
 
 Elam, Ummanamni son of Ummanpiha 
 
 (v. y t-yyy « t^y ^y^) ^% y m t^yyy <tej ^x^ <^ <:ry ^y <m 
 
 (v. Um -man-ap -pi) ablu Ur - ta - ki sar Elam 
 
 {y. Ummanappi) son of Urtaki king of Elam, 
 
 c. y t-yyy « :^ :??: tj cf -giy y t^yyy « ^ si! -TT 
 
 Um -man- am - ni ablu abli sa Um -man- al - da - si 
 Ummanamni grandson of Ummanaldasi 
 
196 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ti^s [*^^ <;rT ET <!eI] ^j- ^r -^t< <«' m\ ^ i -<^ 
 
 sar [Elam] it - ti 17 qi - ni su ziri 
 
 ^■iHf/ o/' \_Elaiii], witli seventeen of Ins kim, the seed of 
 
 ^TTTT ^ET I <Vm T « ?R i^TTTT T— T? -E^IT ►-- ^Tn I 
 
 bit abi su va 86 rubi a - li - kut idi su 
 
 his father's house, and eighty-six ijrinces going before him ; 
 
 e. -en ^ET ^ ^^r ey igj -^y^ < -^y <v/ HI ^T I Ey 
 
 sa la pa - an kakki Assur va Istar ip - par - su va 
 ivhofrom the face of the soldiers of Assur and Ishtar fled, and 
 
 T? -^T £?iT r mmmm / ^i --t< t -t<:=:^t « -s^ 
 
 a ■• na da - lal * * * it - ti Maruduk sar - uzur 
 
 to exalt * * * with Merodachsaruzur 
 
 
 i^ jy '^y^ ^yi5^ csy? "gyy tu 
 
 ummati ya sa ip ****** 
 
 ony general, ivho ****** 
 
 g. <^t E^yy ^ ss^y i ^y?? ^ <^cH ^Tll ^ I ^ 
 
 mi - ra - nu - us - su - un ina eli lib - bi su - nu 
 
 their bitterness within their hearts 
 
 ■V f ~. I ^^~l ■>L-~l -^-pl "^-yl "^L 
 
 fcu <y- IeIj <;ry sy ^y -^y ^y wm 
 
 ip - si - lu - niv - va iz - ba - tu * * * * 
 raged, ' and they took * * * * 
 
 K, 599. Dispatch from an Officer to the King. 
 
 1- T? ^T -II sESff T— -II W 2. ^-y ^-H 
 
 A - na - bel sarri bel ya arad ka 
 
 To the lord of kings my lord, thy servant 
 
 y-^TiitUJfl: 3. .^y^ H ^T < -r<::^T -^-syy 
 
 Bel - ib - ni Assur Samas va Maruduk araku 
 
 Belibni; Assur, Shaman and Merodach, length of 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 10 ■ 
 
 iinmi 
 dai/s, 
 
 4. m ^^ '^ni :r: < mil tt^ ==4-^ s. v 
 
 du - ub lib - bi va du - lib siri sa 
 
 sound heart, and soinul hod>/, to the 
 
 be - eli sarri bel ya liq - bu - u a - na eii 
 
 lord of kliK/s mij lord grant. Concerning 
 
 Tarn- ti - i - ti alii 
 
 Tamti-iti, the brothers, 
 
 nis qi - 111 «a va 
 kinsmen, and, 
 
 ty T— 9- V y? -^I J:m -II ^EI? gE EV 10. T? t?IT !=ITI^ 
 
 rabati sa a - na sar bel ya as - pur a - du - u 
 
 great men, ivhom to the king mjj lord I send, thus: 
 
 T ^T -TT- -E -T< 
 
 Tarn- mar - i - ti 
 " Tammaritu, 
 
 12. <y.:^ b;^^ 
 
 va nisi 
 
 his 
 
 11. EkP^T— W e:w IeII ^! I 
 
 alii sa nisi qi - na su 
 
 tJie brothers, his kinsmen and 
 
 rabati 
 
 I i^E --IT -TT^ 
 
 su i - zu - zi 
 
 great 
 
 13. Vj -^T ^ -T !£hS -II tET? 
 
 a - na pa - an sar beli ya 
 to the presence of the king 
 
 men, 
 
 together 
 
 14. cl<j ^ eeTT * I -^ 
 
 al -tap- ra -as-su-nu 
 my lord I send them 
 
 Extract from a Dispatch mentioning the Death of 
 Indabigas King of Elam. K, 13. 
 
 I. 
 
 m -^T -II ti5s r— -II] ^t]] -^\ -^u 
 
 [A - na bel sarri beli] ya arad ka 
 
 [To the lord of kings'] my [lord,'] thy servant 
 
198 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T -T -II HI Cff 2. [-^y^ .^T ^I < -T <::^T] 
 
 Bel - ib - ni [Assur Samas va Maruduk] du - bi 
 
 Belibni. \_Fro)u Assur, Shamas and Merodach,^ sound 
 
 ^m ^ rm ^ i^- 3. [Tj £tTi m ^t i— <] -bt -f 
 
 lib - bi du - bi siri [a- ra - ku immi va] la -bar 
 
 heart and sound body ; [length of days, and'] long 
 
 -^]^ ^]\ T -II J:?S I— 4. [j:s? \- *.-^ ^11 v/] 
 
 pal - e ana bel sarri [sar matati bel ya] 
 
 life ; to the lord of kings [king of the earth my lord.] 
 
 :r^^T -T? -^ V <^ <;rT £T <l£j 5. [T ^z]\] £! H j?TI T? I 
 
 de - e -mu sa Elam [Um -ma-hal]- da -a-su 
 
 Tlie news from JSlam, Umnianaldas ; 
 
 sar mah - ru - u sa ih - li - qa 
 
 the former king has destroyed, 
 
 6. [^.:^TT -E^IT -tid] s^ ET - ty ^^^ ?? ^yyyc <y^ ce ^^ 
 
 [il - li - ka] - av - va ina kuzzu u - si - i - bu 
 he has gone and on the throne has sat. 
 
 7. [fcU -TW] -ET -I<T -^n ET ^m? --T< ^Vr) T sEH 
 
 [ip - tal] - la - hu Ma - dak - ti un - dis - sar 
 
 They feared (J) Madaktu he has left, 
 
 8. 5^ I tv^y >-^yy t^ y--^ i iym ^^ m\ -^T ^ I 
 
 ummu su alat sii mari su va nis qi - na -as-su 
 his mother, his ivife, his children and his kiyismen 
 
 s:^ -^ 0. m ^E -vv y -m ]\ -W -Ey y? y? y? -^y 
 
 gab-bi ki - i ik -mi- sn U - la - ai a- na 
 
 all; then he subdued. The Ulai in its 
 
 _Ey ^i^]i V y? '^III 10. tE ^y A^tE I? -^y 
 
 SU - pal sa a - ru i - te - bir a - na 
 
 depth a flood, he crossed, to 
 
ASSUKBANIPAL. 190 
 
 -t]] trllT -£T A"ffT BSi] -1T<T -^tl e:s eHISI 
 
 Ta - la - ah it - tal - ka niru 
 
 Talah he went. The chief 
 
 11-1 -^!Ti « <i- + 1 1!?} Br ^i e:s -ir^ ^^TT -E^ir '^J^ 
 
 Urn -mail- si -bar Un - da - dii zi - il - li - ru 
 
 Ummansihar, Undadit the zilliru, 
 
 12. <MEU EhS -II -!E AT? T— I £T -E! -^T ^e I tUT^ 
 
 va bel umraani (?) su ma -la ba-assu- ii 
 
 and the lords of his forces all there were; 
 
 13. ^i ^n<T m ^ ^ I -3^ T? -^T -^n jt 
 
 it - tal - ku pa - ni su - nu a - iia alii su 
 went before them, to his city 
 
 H< -TT<T -^TT -VA -T! 
 
 Ha- ri - su - un - si 
 Harisiindasi. 
 
 Epigraph over King in Chariot receiving Prisoners and Spoil. 
 Line 7 from Duplicate on Tablet Fragment. 
 
 1. T?-^IIeJ T-TA :f T? « I « V MA<IeI 
 
 A- na -ku Assur-bani-pal sar kissat ear Assur 
 
 / am Assurbanipal king of nations king of Assyria, 
 
 2. V - <l£j ^Tin -] T— tV T— -T<^ M] ^T 
 
 sa ina kibit Hi rabati ik - su - du 
 
 who by the ivill of the great Gods has taken the 
 
 3. t^Ss ^m h -TT- '^ITT ^ I IeD ^ ^T ^I -^ -££T 
 
 zu - um - mi - rat lib - bi su lu - bul - tu su - qut- tu 
 desire of his heart ; garments beautiful, 
 
 4. tyy V 5£5s < --T< V T -I ^T -<^ -^ -ITA -^I 
 
 si - mat sar - u - ti sa Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 the royal robes of Saidmugina 
 
E t^ ECIT y^ ^ET! 
 
 >-< 
 
 ^T< 
 
 susi 
 
 
 zi - 
 
 bi 
 
 - ti 
 
 horses 
 
 trained 
 
 to 
 
 
 the 
 
 200 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 5. E:si^ V- -TTA -^t i^ II -TT<T ^T I e^w JT ^! -TT* (I—) 
 
 ahu la- kenu sal-zik- ri - te su ummati 
 
 my younger brother, his concubines, his generals, 
 
 I 6. £5s ^f T> m3 I tT SJ ^T V ^^ STT <T!f^ 
 
 SU zabi tahaz su ruqubi sa sad- da - di 
 
 his men of ivar, the powerful war chariots, 
 
 "m ^ -II --T< I 7. t^T; 
 
 ru - du belu - ti su 
 his lordly carriages, 
 
 ^^ lElI^l I 8. t^t} A -^?-??{? -T< fllTT ET- I ET -ET 
 
 niri su nin hi - suh - ti e - kal su ma - la 
 
 yoke, the desirable women of his jKdace all there 
 
 ►^y jy cyyyc 9. cy?? y.~ t<H: *jn C^- -IT^ eHO 
 
 ba - su - u nisi zik - ru (v. zi - kar) 
 
 loere ; people male 
 
 < <« « 8^5 ^T- 10. J^ITT^ ^ B^! -^T< :^^ 
 
 va sin - nis zabruti rabati u - se - et - ti - qu 
 
 and female, small and great, I caused to come 
 
 - -Bll -!I<T (V- <T-) ^m 
 
 ina mah - ri (v. mahri) ya 
 into my presence. 
 
 It is necessary in this division of the reign to give a more 
 detailed account of the events, many of the inscriptions relating to 
 it being too long to translate here ; but for every fact of importance 
 a reference is given to the inscription from which the statement is 
 drawn (in cases where the inscription is not translated), that 
 students may be able to compare the original documents. 
 
 A-fter he had established Ummanigas and Tammaritu in Elam, 
 Assurbanipal sent an envoy to Elam (K, 2644) to demand the 
 return of the image of Nana, which the Elamites had carried off 
 to Shushan; and a little later, Saulmugina, brother of Assurbanipal, 
 
ASSURRAXII'AL. 201 
 
 instigated all the tribiitury states to revolt against Assmimnipal. 
 Sanlmiigina is the Saoscliicliinns of Ptolemy, his name is written 
 
 y ^^y ^^ ^<^ ^^< ^yy^ ^^ and y ^^y tT -<^ -^ :^I- The 
 
 first element try »^^^ is rendered in Cun. Ins. Vol. II, p. 4.3, hne 49, 
 by J^ t-t-}'^*^^ ^iz Sa-mul-h', the second element «^ is sum or 
 zikar, and tlie third »^YY-<^ >-^] o^' t^] gina in Akkad, is ukin 
 in Assyrian, the whole name was probably Samul-zihir-ul-'ni, or 
 Samul-sum-ukin in Assyrian. Probably, by the will of Esarliaddon, 
 Saulmugina was made king of Babylon at his deatli. K, oOoO, and 
 the Cylinder of Assurbanipal in the Louvre exhibit Saulmugina as 
 on intimate terms with Assurbanipal, and this state of affairs lasted 
 for about seventeen years. During the eponymy of Assurduruzur, 
 Saulmugina planned a revolt against his brother, which Assurbanipal 
 represents as very ungrateful. The inscriptions seem to show- 
 that Assurbanipal only allowed his brother a nominal sovereignty 
 round Babylon, and Saulmugina desiring to be indejjendent, sent 
 messengers to the various subject rulers to persuade them to join him 
 in throwing off the Assyrian yoke. The most important tributary 
 was Umrnanigas of Elam, and to insure his aid, Saulmugina opened 
 the treasuries of the temple of Bel at Babylon, the temple of 
 Nebo at Borsippa, and the temple of Nergal at Kutha, and sent 
 their treasures as a present to the Elauiite monarch (K, iIGol). 
 Umrnanigas received the bribe, and sent his troops to Babylojiia. 
 Other messengers were sent })y Saulmugina to the various rulers 
 round Babylonia, and y ^ ^y Kiidur governor of Uruk (Warka) 
 sent a dispatch to Assurbanip^^l (K, 5457), telling him that he 
 had heard from Sintabniuzur, governor of Ur, of the arrival of 
 the messenger of Saidmugina at that city, and that part of the 
 people had revolted. Kudur then took 500 men from Uruk, and 
 joining y jrg ^] ]] ^\\ ^]<]<^ V -^ ^"^ ]]{ P^dia, prefect 
 of ArrapU, and y ^} ^]] ]] -JJ -y<y-^ V ]] f- ^ Zahea, 
 prefect of Amida, went down to Ur ; but he could not stop 
 the revolt, and Sintabniuzur himself went over to Saulmugina. 
 Meanwhile the Babylonian king sent an embassy to Assyria to assure 
 Assurbanipal of his devotion ; on the return of thiis embassy, tlie 
 general revolt broke out, and is said to have included Umrnanigas 
 of ElaiiK and liis feudatoiy chiefs, Saulmugina <»f Habylon. the Uuti 
 
 2 I) 
 
202. ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 by whom the Arabiaiiw are probably intended, Martu or HattI 
 which is Syria, and Mikdiha, which must here mean Egypt, the 
 country with which the name is constantly connected.^' Among 
 the minor princes and governors involved, the following are men- 
 tioned, Nebobelzikri or Nebobeisnmi, ruler of the Chaldees on the 
 Persian gulf, Sintabniuzur of Ur, ] {{ ^ {]^ ^H^Y •"•"! SS 
 Maimnld-hcdnU of Bit-dakkari, aud f ^^] ^]]]] ]] A^ -^j 'x^ 
 Hea-muhasa of Bit-amukkan (K, 4515), J )-V^y iz^y^ Nadan of 
 Puqud or Pekod (K, 524). 
 
 After the departure of the Elamite forces to Babylonia, Tam- 
 maritu the sonf of Ummanigas, assisted by his uncle Tammaritu, 
 who was sub-king of Hidalu, revolted against his father, and to gain 
 over the why party which was hostile to Assyria, he declared that 
 he had not killed Teumman, and accused Ummanigas of being the 
 only one who had submitted to Assurbanipal. In the battle which 
 followed, Tammaritu gained the victory, and cut oflP his father's head. 
 Saulmugina subsidised Tammaritu, and he, like his father, marched 
 his troops into Babylonia against Assurbanipal. While there, 
 Indabigas raised a revolt and drove him from the throne, and 
 Tammaritu and his adherents embarked on the Persian gulf, and 
 afte'" considerable suifering landed and took refuge in the marshy 
 district of the lower Euphrates, here having been assured of a good 
 reception, they surrendered to Merodachsaruzur, a general serving 
 under Belibni the governor of Assurbanipal (K, 16 10, and K, 2825), 
 and were sent by Belibni to Assyria. 
 
 Assurbanipal appears at first to have been overwhelmed by the 
 magnitude of his misfortune, but the vigour of some of the Assyrian 
 generals prevented the revolt becoming universal ; Paliya, governor 
 of Arbaha or Arrapha, on the northern border of Elam, held that 
 side, and we are told, K, 159, that from fear of capture, that part 
 
 * The coutemi)t of chronology in the Assyrian records is well shown by the fact that 
 in Cylinder A, the account of the revolt of Psammiticluis is given under the third expedi- 
 timi, while the general account of the rebellion of Saulmugina is given under the sixth 
 ex[)edition, the affair of Nebobelzikri under the eighth expedition, and the Arabian and 
 Syrian events in connexion are given under the ninth expedition. 
 
 t It is only while writing this Division that I have found that the Tammaritu who 
 revolted against Ummanigas, was his son, and not his brother ; he is sometimes called 
 "TammariUi the younger,'' and "Tammaritu the later," to distinguish him fi'om his uncle, 
 wild b'lvc the same name. 
 
ASSURP.AXirAL. 203 
 
 oi' Elam did not join the revolt, and Kiuhir, governor of Ui'uk, 
 held that important city for Ass\n-]);iiiipal. Tn the eponymy of 
 Sagab, reinforcements were sent into J>al)ylonia, and next year, in 
 the eponymy of Bilharransadna, Belibni was appointed governor in 
 south Babylonia."^' 
 
 The Assyrian forces having defeated the confederate army of 
 Babylonians, Elamites, and Arabians, shut them up in the four cities 
 of Babylon,t Borsippa, Kutha, and Sipara ; here they were besieged, 
 until in the extremity of famine, the people eat their own children. 
 After a vain attempt at a sortie, Babylon fell, and Sauhnugina was 
 burned. I After the capture of Babylon, the country was annexed 
 to Assyria, and an Assyrian general named Samasdainani was made 
 governor of Babylon and the surrounding district. Nebobelzikri, | 
 the Chaldean who had joined the revolt, had taken captive the 
 Assyrian garrison which guarded his country, and when the revolt 
 failed, he made his escape into Elam, caiTying with him the 
 Assyrians as prisoners, Indabigas, king of Elam, sent to Assnr- 
 banipal, desiring to make peace, but the Assyrian monarch sent 
 back word demanding the surrender of Nebobelzikri and the 
 Assyrians who were in Elam, and threatened to invade Elam if 
 they were refused. Assurbanipal afterwards dispatched an envoy 
 to Elam on this errand, and on reachino- the frontier the Assvrian 
 messenger heard that Indabigas had been killed, and succeeded by 
 Ummanaldas ; a long diplomatic correspondence ensued between 
 Assurbanipal and Unjmanaldas respecting Nebobelzikri, who ulti- 
 mately committed suicide in company with his armour bearer (see 
 
 * The name of Belibni consists of two parts, the first the iK'ity Bel is written 
 >-TT, >'>-T >-II and *"*"! *~II >^\]] (this is tlie only projier name in wliicli I liavo 
 found these forms interchange); the second i|iiii "lie made,'' is written ^w_, •"^T >M^ 
 and I*-]] J^. 
 
 t This is the tirst time in history that we know Babylon to have been iiesicged. 
 At least six times previously the Assyrians had taken it without siege, and it is probable 
 that the great extent of the city had prevented its being enclosed by a wall until the 
 time of Esarhaddon, who fortified it about thirty years before Saulmugiua's revolt. 
 
 X We have no details of the death of Saulmugina, so that it is uncertain under what 
 circumstances he wa? burned, it is possible that he set fire to his palace ou the taking of 
 Babylon ; self-destruction, under such circumstances, w;is common in ancient times. 
 
 II Nebobelzikri is called in some copies the son, and in others the gnuidson of Merodach 
 Baladan, the latter is the more correct relationshi]). He w;us probal)ly the son of Nahid- 
 marnduk, a younger son of Menxlach Baladan, who was k'ng of (lialdee in the time of 
 Esarhaddon. 
 
204 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Part XI). Several of the facts connected with this period are 
 indicated on omen tablets, many of these tablets embodying the 
 judgment of the astrologers were written at the order of Assur- 
 banipal, that he might know if the omens were favourable for the 
 prosecution of the war against Saulmugina and his allies. At the 
 close of these omen tablets, the circumstances in the revolt which 
 called for the inquiries are specified, together with the dates 
 and the statements wdiether the omens were favourable or not. 
 There are many other fragments beside those translated here, and 
 the dates extend from the eponymy of Assurduruzur to that of 
 Bilharransadua, a period of about two years. 
 
 The follo\ving are some of the tablets referring to this part of 
 the history, which are not translated here, K, 4796 ; K, 1210 ; 
 K, 974 ; K, 824 ; K, 1580 ; K, 1095 ; K, 1541 ; K, 4275 ; K, 1196 ; 
 K, 1030 ; K, 5456 ; K, 1249 ; K, 5457 ; K, 1610 ; K, 524 ; No. Q7, 
 4—2, 1 ; K, 95 ; K, 84. 
 
ASSUHBAXIPAL. 205 
 
 PART X. 
 
 TJic First War antJi Uniiuanaldas, I\iii(/ nj' h'hiin. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 There are two good texts of this war, CyUnder A, col. v, 
 lines 44 to 117, and an Extract from K, 2G56. Beside these there 
 is the imperfect text on K, 2833, and K, 3085, not translated here. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column V, Lines 44 to 117. 
 
 44. tE ^T W tf? E?;< ^IM ::ET? ^ ^-} 1^^^ -^f 
 I - na sibe- e gar - ri ya ina arah Sivanu arah 
 In my seventh expedition, in the month Sivan the month of 
 
 -I <« -II <« + 45. i.5 -Pfyjjz -^T < y, V -TT<T ^ V 
 
 Sin bel iizzi ablu ris - tii va a - sa - ri - du sa 
 
 Sin lord of might, eldest son and Jirst of 
 
 Bel ad- ki umman ya zir Um -man- al -das 
 
 Bel: I gathered my army, against Umnuinaldas 
 
 « x^ <:i] ET <ie! s^t yy <« ^ Ef Ti -17. AS Bc]] ^ 
 
 sar El am us - te - es - se - ra mur - ra - nu 
 
 Izing of Elam 1 directed the nuirch. 
 
 tlTT^ t^tf Sil -T< tET? T ^! E! -TT<T ^I « ^^* dl^Hm 
 
 n - bil it - ti ya Tam-ma- ri -tu sar Ekun 
 
 I hronght mth me Tammaritn king of Elam, 
 
206 ASS URBAN I PAL. 
 
 48. W -E! ^ H T cE=m STI :^ ^ -^11 S^ ^^} ^T EI 
 
 sa la pa -an In - da - bi -gas ardn su in -nab-tu va 
 
 ivho from the face of Indablgas his servant had Jied, and 
 
 49. ty ^^y tEiyy (v. ^m) <H ^et? ^ !?} y— -tyy ^ r<^Ty y- 
 
 iz- ba - ta (v. tu) niri ya nisi Hi- il -mi 
 
 taken my yoke. The j^eoi^^e of Ildmi, 
 
 ^::yy :=^t] -t] -^v so. -^yy t^y (t-yyy) -^ -- 
 
 Bil - la - ti Du - (um) - nui - qu 
 
 Bdlati, Dummuqu, 
 
 -t]] -^yy -ey y? y? -^yy -sy a e^H -^II <T:^ ^ -TM =e ^-y 
 
 Su - la - ai La - hi - ra Di - bi - ri - i - na 
 
 Stdai, Lahira and Dihirina, 
 
 51. ^y< tiy ^f^E3 tt]} cyy? c^: ^^^TT -^M V sHJ -eI IeJ 
 
 ti - ib tahaz ya dan - ni is - mu - n sa al - la - ku 
 the force of my fierce attach, heard of as I went 
 
 y'r -^y ^^^ d] ET <m 52. ^y<y^^ ^yy<y ^yy<y ^^y^ < -I <V/ 
 
 a- na Elam nam - ri - li Assnr va Istar 
 
 to Elam. The terror of Assur and Ishtar 
 
 -II T— tEy? V- tyyy< ^y< (v. ^jgy) tE:;^ --I< ^Ey? 
 
 beli ya pu - lull - ti (v. tu) saru - ti ya 
 
 my lords, and the fear of my kingdom 
 
 53. ty ►yKy ^^ (v. -yi^r!) I ^ ►^T< JI -s^ ^I?? I--^ I -s^ 
 
 is- hu - up (v. hup) su-nu - ti su -nu nisi su-nu 
 overwhelmed them. They, their . ^jeople, 
 
 ^V I— I ^ ^Eyy ty? ^ (v. m^ M AT?) I -^ 
 
 alpi su-nu ze - e - ni (v. zeni) su-nu 
 
 their oxen and their sheep, 
 
 54. \] ^y cyf £H< -::=T -T< ^El? ]] -^\ ^^* MA < 
 
 a - na e - pis ardu - ti ya a - na Assur 
 
 to do my service to Assyria 
 
ASSUHHAXIPAL. 207 
 
 Ml -- (v. ^tz ^'T) <;::! eT 55. ty --T -& <B]] 
 
 im - (jilt - (v. qu - tu) - iiiv - va iz - l)a - tu nini 
 
 ^//(^// struck, (Hid took the yoke of 
 
 sarii - ti ya Bit - im - bi - i inali - ni - u 
 
 1)11/ kuKjihnit. BituuJn the former 
 
 r.fi. ^cTT 5£k5 < --T< -niT Ifc -EI Tf --T< V ^ <r! ET <^T 
 
 all! sar - u - ti bit Juk - la - a - ti sa Elani 
 
 royal city, the fortress of Elam ; 
 
 57. V <l£l ET ^B ^]} ^ -T< <* <::^ ET <!eT *T !eT 
 
 sa ki -ma dur - e pa- ti Elam par- ku 
 
 wJiich like a ivall the boundary of Elam divided, 
 
 58. V T -T <« ^ T— -^TT -^T « ^-* -T A im tt] ^eT 
 
 sa Sin - alii ir - ba sar Assur abii abi 
 
 lohich Sennacherib king of Assyria, the (jrandfather 
 
 ^ -ET? 59. ri^TT ^ET -^ < T? -T<T^ ^T ^ <Vm JT < 
 
 bani ya il - la -mu-ii-a ik -su-du va sii - u 
 
 my begetter, my predecessor, had captured: and lie the 
 
 ^5S ^]] -t] >^ < ^>o. -::yT <^^ A-}^ m 
 
 E - la - mu - w ala me - eh - rit 
 
 Elamite, a city in front of the 
 
 ^t]] tTTTT T4-TT ^ -E ^tElI -TT<T ^T? <h. V -T<T^^ eT 
 
 Bit - im - bi - i mah - re - e sa -. nam -ma 
 
 former Bitimbi, another 
 
 ^T? ^^- (S^T) JT ET 'sElST I -TTT^ -IT? t>ET < ET 
 
 e - bu - (lis) - su Ml dur sii n - dan - nin - ii va 
 had built, and its wall he had strengthened, and 
 
 62. ^]]]^ BB-< <m W t^ -T<T < JT --n -TTTT T4fl :::; ^t 
 
 11 - zak - ki - ru sal-lm-u su Bit - im - bi - i 
 
 had raised its onfcr mill Ihtunbi 
 
208 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 G3. ^]m^M^ ^TTTT -.£11 - T- -T< -Vl^ £??< -TM teT? 
 
 iz-ku- rii ni - bit sii ina mi- ti - iq gar- ri ya 
 he had proclaimed its iianie : in the course of my expedition 
 
 -B JT ^T w- ^]\\ T— r? I" ^TTT ^ I V ^eT 
 
 ak - 811 - ud nisi a - sib lib - bi sii sa la 
 
 ^ took The peo2)le dwelliu(j in it, who did not 
 
 m- :>* <::r et -et ^it (^--t) n ^^ «■'">• jt ^^ 
 
 11 - zu - niv -va la is - (ha) - a - luv sii - liim 
 
 come out, and did not pray for alliance with 
 
 sarii - ti ya a - nir qaqadi su - nil ak - kis 
 
 my kingdom, I felled. Their heads I cut off, 
 
 .-r^ y^ I ^ 60. cty '^JII ^.^y yj --y ^tyyy ^yy. ^y< 
 
 sapti su-nii ap - rii - ha a - na ta - mar- ti 
 
 their lips I tore out, and for the inspection of the 
 
 -N? I— ''.^ ^ET? m ^I T? T? --'T V --T^ «iej) 
 
 nisi mati ya al - qa - a a - na Assiir 
 
 people of my country, I brought to Assyria. 
 
 67. y A4f --T «T ^V ESS IeII ^If *^- (v- ^ tV ^y <^y) 
 
 Im - ba - ap - pi qe - e -pii v, nis rab mitpanu) 
 
 Imhaappi governor (v. commander of the archers) 
 
 V -t]] tyyyy a^ - ^e os. b^ }}< ^ yy? y t-yyy « ^hj it! 
 
 sa Bit- im -bi - i ha -tan Um -man- al -das 
 
 of Bitimhi, - the relative of Unwianaldas 
 
 (v. £?yy -pyy) ^v^ \- ci] eT <1^ go. ^i^y^ mEj ^^^y<y >-^yy 
 
 (v. da - si) sar Elam bal - dii - us - su 
 
 king of Llam ; alive 
 
 <A^ -m m ^n? -^ii ji t? -& <o. ^w ^^^ h ^ sy 
 
 111 - tu ki -rib alu sii-a- tu u -se-za- av - \'a 
 
 fi'oni Uie midst of tlnit city I l>rou,</]it out and 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 209 
 
 JTn < <^n ^ -n<r ^I H + f EI <I:^ I ET ^i • MTT- e^II Tf 
 
 qati va sepi bi - ri -tu parzil ad- di su va u - ra -a 
 
 liand and foot in bonds of iron I placed him, and sent 
 
 T? ^T X- -lA <IEJ t- i=TTiy ET- <MeU t S T--- I 
 
 a - na Assur sal e - kal va abli su 
 
 to Assyria. The ivomen of the palace, and sons 
 
 72. "in r vr ^-tit « tiss -.^ <:rT et <i£j v - 
 
 sa Te - um - man sar Elani sa in a 
 
 of Teumman king of Elani; ichom hy 
 
 ^] ^ ^T --T< H4 73. ^ £??< ^]]<] cE!? (V. !=TD 
 
 na -as -par- ti Assur ina gar - ri ya (v. e) 
 
 the command of Assur, in my former 
 
 -tElI -TT<T !=!? -B m -.^ir "^TT* ^T -^TT 74. s^j ^y< 
 
 mall - re - e ak - Id - su qaqad su it - ti 
 
 expedition I had cut off his head; with the 
 
 -TT ^T -<V ^]\) T— T? <T- V- -<r< -^TT ^TTTT T 44-T- ^ -E 
 
 si - it - ti nisi a - si - bu - ti Bit - im - bi - i 
 
 rest of the people dwelling in Bitimhi, 
 
 75. ^W ^ ?? =:4 ET t^- -ET T =^ -j^ T f ^TTT « ^ I<T IfcJ 
 
 u -se-za- av -va sal- la -tis am-nu Um -man- al -das 
 / brought out and as spoil I counted. Ummanaldas 
 
 « \- d] ET <IEJ 76. [T? fjn *} ^T? :^ET? V <IEI '^TTf 
 
 sar Elam [a - lak umman] ya sa ki - rib 
 
 king of Elam, [of the progress of] my [army,] ivhich into 
 
 \- <n ET <n -T? ^jn ^- t^TT T- ET 77. ^-TT et ^? -m 
 
 Elam e - ru - bu is - mi va Ma - dak - tu 
 
 Elam entered; heard, and Madaktu 
 
 -tTT ti^ -<V I ^TTT- + -<^ ET tECm -^! tiTTf ET 
 
 alu saru - ti su u -vas- sir va in - na - Ijit va 
 his royal city he abandoned, and fled and 
 
 2 E 
 
210 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 sada su e - li Um (v. Am) - ba - gu - u - a sa 
 
 his mountains ascended. Um (v. Am) -hagua ivlio 
 
 <tT^ ^|ET ^.^ <::T eT m !£TTT -TT -!<! < 79. y? ^y 
 
 ul - tu Elam ultu si - hu - u a - na 
 
 from Mam, from a revolt, to 
 
 Bu - bi - lu in - nab - tu va me - eh. - rit 
 
 Buhilu had fled, and against 
 
 T ^]]} « m IH 80. tiTTf <T^ ^^ (v. ^ vo - 
 
 Um-man- al - das u - si - bu (v. as - bu) ina 
 
 Ummanaldas had sat on the 
 
 kuzzu Elam ki - ma sa - a - su va is - mi va 
 
 throne of Elam: like him also heard, and 
 
 81. ^tTT ^- ;=: M -^Tf >^ si^HJ -II -<V I ^TTT^ + -<£& 
 
 Bu-bi- lu alu mu- sab bilu- ti su u -vas- sir 
 BuhiliL the city the seat of his dominion he abandoned, 
 
 £T 82. <iEi t\ H< AT? ^T ^ JT H«I T? I— ^JOI ^^ < -<V 
 
 va ki -ma nuni iz-bat su-pul me ru - qu -u - ti 
 
 and like the fishes took to the depths of the remote tuaters. 
 
 83. T ^T ET -TM -mi W tE=m ti:} iBW tT --T sfTIT 
 
 Tam-ma- ri - tu sa in -nab- ta iz - ba - ta 
 Tammaritu ivho fled and took 
 
 imi -ET? 84 <^ tiT? ^cTT JT V -T m^ ^ ^TTf 
 
 niri ya ki - rib Su - sa - an u - se - rib 
 
 my yoke, into Shushan I caused to enter, 
 
 ^ -TA->m I I? -^T J:w ^T< 85. t-<y^} 
 
 as - kun su a - na saru - ti damqati 
 
 / appointed him to the kingdom, The good 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 211 
 
 S.T? ^- I s^T ^ *^- ^jn £^T t:*^^ -.^TI A4f <I- El 
 
 e - pu -su- us as - pu - ru it - t;ih - su iin - si va 
 / liad done to him and sent to his aid, he rejected and 
 
 86. £<yT vT ^ A-T T? i^<MH ^T I? -^T -tfcj ^.^ 
 
 is - te - ni - ha - a limut - tu a - na ka - sad 
 
 devised evil to capture 
 
 ^]A\] STf 87. <IEJ T? E4 -VV ^ j^T -<T< ^TIT ti I 
 
 umman ya Id - a - am ig - bi it - ti lib - bi su 
 
 my army. Even he said in his heart 
 
 ^m EI ^Tn I— *.^ Cl] ET <IEJ 88. Vi ►^y tv T— ^T? 
 
 um -ma nisi Elam a - na salat - e 
 
 thus : " The iJeoj^le of Elam for a spoil 
 
 ^t -m "M-iV (y- ^ -\) V -T A <IeJ 89. et ^ if ^ 
 
 i - tu - ru ina pan (v. pa -an) Assur ma-nu su-nu 
 
 have turnedy in the face of Assyria. Their * * * 
 
 ET :w '^n ^- < Wmm A-m jETTT -tf -^T -eeT 
 
 va ir - ru - bu - u * * * ih - ta - nab - ba - tu 
 
 has been entered (?) and they have carried away 
 
 90. ^y<| ^^ ^y -<:ry Ey <Iei -ta < -T <'tV V ^Trr Tf T? 
 
 hu - bu -tu Elam Assur va Istar sa icla ai 
 
 the plunder of Elam." Assur and Ishtar who before me 
 
 (V. - -m -TH ^Ey?) ri^yy -ggyy igy oi. ^yyy^ v -tt^ --tt 
 
 (v. ina mah- ri ya) il - li -ku u -sa-. zi - zu 
 
 (v. m my presence) rnarch, and exalt 
 
 ^^ cs: t£TT ^ . >-W -TT<T ::ET} 92. ^tTT t:^ 
 
 in - ni zi - ir ga - ri ya lib - bi 
 
 me over my enemies ; the heart of 
 
 T ^T ET -Ty<T -EiT -t<t^ t^^ --T E^yy -j^ < idj ^jn < et 
 
 Tani-ma- ri - tu iq - zu ba - ra -nu-u ip - ru -u va 
 Tammaritu hard and perverse they broke, and 
 
212 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 93. tyrrt -^i A-T < ^I liJ I <^V ^T ^iTt-^}} tE?S --T< I 
 
 u - ba - hu - u qa -tus-su ul - tii kuzzu saru - ti su 
 took hold of his hand, from the throne of his kingdom 
 
 94. ^T m « ^^ £! ^w -^^Wi} ^jn « I V Cff tB]} ]} i- 
 
 id -ku-nis-suv -va u - tir - ru-nis-su sa-ni- ya-a-nu 
 they hurled him, and overwhelmed him, a second time 
 
 95. ^w -TT!?= ^ ji Sf^i n ^T <^n tm 96. jt *t 
 
 u - sak - ni - su - us a - na niri ya su -par 
 
 they subdued him to my yoke. Concerning 
 
 Tf £T Tf -<V -T -^T T? ►-T< - seTT -TH A-TTT ^T< ^TTT c£Tf 
 
 a -ma- a- ti an- na -a- ti ina ze - ri - ih - ti lib ya 
 these matters, in vexation [ivas'] my heart; 
 
 97. 'sri T *T £T -TT<T -EiT -El <m -]) V- ^-TTT STI T? 
 
 sa Tam-ma- ri - tu la ke - e -nu ih - da - a 
 ivhich Tammaritu the younger offended. 
 
 98. - >-^\] jrE ^y< < ^yy -ry c:^ v MT— ^y-y— 
 
 ina li - i - ti va da - na - ni sa Ili rabati 
 
 In the glory and j^oit^er of the great GodB 
 
 -in— m) 99- m ^TTf x^ <:^T et <:ej t? -^t 
 
 beli ya ki - rib Elam a - na 
 
 my lords, within Elam, through its 
 
 ^IT tlH -^T< V cET -TT<T ^M t- T loo. - 
 
 si - hir - ti sa at - tal - lak sal - dis ina 
 
 extent I marched victoriously. On 
 
 s£!TT THf <MT<T ►-T< tET? V <}t}W, ^t y- ty? 
 
 ta - ai - ar - ti ya sa sul - lu - me - e 
 
 my return, peace and 
 
 JT ^ -Egyy -<T< 101. !?= -^y tyMJIgl (y. :^ .yy<y) ctyj 
 
 su-pa- li - ti pa -an niri (v. ni - ri) ya 
 
 submission to my yoke. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. , 213 
 
 ^]]]^ ^t??}} Etn r? ^T V --lA <^ 102. ^cTT ^W -ee! Si! 
 
 u - tir - ra a - na Assur Ga - tu - du 
 
 / restored to Assyria. Gatudu, 
 
 ^xTT m^ -«! Sir £T -cIT BT ^1? -.^I 103. ^t!T ^I <y^ A-f 
 
 Ga - tu-du-ma Da- e - ba Na - di - ha 
 
 Gatuduma, Daeba, Nadiha, 
 
 Dur - am - na - ni Diir - am - na - ni - ma 
 
 Duramnani, Duramnanima, 
 
 104. .Ely m ET >3^ -ETTs^mE-n^:^ -^IT H< !?n ^m^ -IT 
 
 Ha-ma-nu Ta - ra - qu Ha- ai - u - si 
 
 HamanUi Taraqu, Haiusi, 
 
 105. .^iT m ^i} -jn ^M -^n -^^n -m t <kth e^^ii ti 
 
 Bit - tag - gil - bit - su Bit - ar - ra - bi 
 
 Bit taggilhitsu, Bitarrahi, 
 
 106. ^tTT tTTTT T Afl :=: !=£ -^TT eT ^? '^T -^TT M] V -T 
 
 Bit - im - bi - i Ma- dak - tu Su - sa - an 
 
 Bitimhi, Madctktu, ShusTuin, 
 
 107. .^yy ^. - tyj ^tyy ^y m <::^y ^ess -y ^ 
 
 Bu - be - e Te - maruduk - sar - an - ni 
 
 Buhe, Temcmiduhsaran n i, 
 
 (v.-tyy^y ►+! «v,^) loa ^^yy ity t^yy -eeyy ^^Id 
 
 (v. Te -maruduk- sar -a- ni) Ur - da- li - ka 
 
 Urdalika, 
 
 -tyy m m^ -yy<y ^^yyy^ 109. .-yy >-s] ^w '^- 
 
 Al - ga - ri - ga Tu - u - bu 
 
 Algariga, Tiihu, 
 
 -t]] <fEy -Eiy ^W ^- 110. -tyy K^ tyn tE:;s 
 
 Tid - tu - u - bu Du - un - sar 
 
 Tultuhu, Dunsar, 
 
214 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Dur - un - da - si Dur - iin - da - si - ma 
 
 Diirundasi, Durundasima, 
 
 111. ^tlT V- ^ MI -tTT 4S =^ < -7^ -::IT y- -^T <Igf 
 
 Bu - bi - lu Sa - am - u - nu Bu - na - ki 
 
 Buhilu, Samwiu, BunaJci, 
 
 112. ^^yr J^y tt] ^yy_<y -^y ^^yy ^y t^y ^yy<y ^y gy 
 
 Qa - ab - ri - na Qa - ab - ri - na - ma 
 
 Qabrina, Qahrinama 
 
 Ha- ra - ha alani su-nu- ti ak - su-ud 
 
 and Haraba, their cities, I captured, 
 
 «T 3^ -B -TT 114. ^ -y i=y+ -s >^ ^ y-^ I ^ 
 
 ab-bul aq-qur ina isati ak-mu Hi su-nu 
 
 pulled down, destroyed, in the fire I burned; their Gods, 
 
 ^yff J— I ^ 115. ^y^ y— i ^ m^ ^Vr ^ 
 
 nisi su - nu alpi su - nu ze - e - ni 
 
 their people, their oxen, their 
 
 (V. @^ -mA T?) I -3^ V .£1 I "j^ V m^ I -^ 
 
 (v. zeni) su-nu sa - su su-nu sa - ga su-nu 
 
 sheep, their furniture, their goods, 
 
 116. ty t>^ f-yyy - £<yjE \^ m^ T— ^]^ I tcHI— 
 
 zu - um - bi susi pare 
 
 carriages, horses, mules, 
 
 117. ty -^ ^^yy ^yyy^ ^ ^^gy jsyyy m ^yy^ ^ ]g[j ^gy 
 
 bat - li u - nu - tu ta - ha - zi as - lu - la 
 
 and weapons, instruments of ivar, I carried off 
 
 T? -^r ^--^ HA <IeJ 
 
 a - na Assur 
 
 to Assyria. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 215 
 
 K, 2G56. Eestored from Fragments of Duplicates. 
 
 a. T trrn « m E^TT -IT -S T tt] !£TIT T- -eET 
 
 Um -man- al - da - si ablu At - ta - mi - tu 
 UmmaTialdas son of Attamitu, 
 
 ^W <h t- ^ tTtV^?? -.snEKIMJ b- T ^T ET -IT<T ^T 
 
 u - si - bu ina kiizzu Elam Tam-ma- ri - tii 
 
 sat on- the throne of Elam. Tammaritu 
 
 ^ I <r:?r ty? ciF I <y^:^ }\ ^jn ^y c*^^ i ^ <TEy ^yyyy 
 
 as-su de - e - ni su va a- lak it - tali sii ina ki - bit 
 for his sentence, and for going to his aid ; by command of 
 
 -T4( < -T <^yy ^TTT^ i^ -EI ]} -II ^TTI- --T< '■■ Tr ^I IeJ 
 
 Assur va Nergal u - zal - la - a bel - u - ti a - na - ku 
 
 Assur and Nergal, submitted to my dominion. I am 
 
 MA ^ T? ^TTT ^^- tE^w I -ET -^H *^-TTT< -T<^ <^^ -^ 
 
 Assur -bani- pal lib-bu rap -su la- ka - zir ik - ki-mu 
 Assurbanipal of generous heart, of defection the remover. 
 
 - IeJ -<y< H4i < H<-!T HI— -I< -T<K -E^II tElf 
 
 ina tugul- ti Assur va Nergal Hi ti - ik - li ya 
 
 In the service of Assur and Nergal the Gods my protectors 
 
 d. V ^ If -T^ tEl <^ ^?AI? PEI? -EII ^ 
 
 sa - ni - a - nu ad - ki umman ya zi - ir 
 
 a second time I gathered my army ; against 
 
 I t^iii « -i<j SII -TI « V ty? <:rTi ^i< -a --i n 
 
 Um -man- al - da - si sar E - lam -• ti ag - ba - a 
 
 Ummanaldas king of Elam, I commanded 
 
 T? -El IeI e. cEl -211 ^I T -:ITI « -I<J t=IT -£II ^^5 
 
 a- la - ku ad- ru -ud Um -man- al - da - su sai" 
 
 to go. I drove back Ummancddas Icing of 
 
216 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Elam la pa - an kakki ya in - na - bit 
 
 Elam; from the face of my soldiers he fled 
 
 ET V m} T? I ^Tf -£^rf / T ^T El -TT<T ^! V 
 
 va sa - da -a su- e - li Tam-ma- ri -tu sa 
 
 and his mountain ascended. Tammaritu ivho 
 
 !£Jm ct? ^TTT ^T --T s^TTT <£n -EI? <S -TTf 
 
 in - nab - ta iz - ba - ta niri ya ki - rib 
 
 fled and took my yoke, in 
 
 -tTT JT V H ^ -lA-Hfff I T? ^T J^m < ►-T< 
 
 Su - sa - an as - kun su a - na sar - u - ti 
 
 Shushan I apj^ointed him to the kingdom. 
 
 0- <y ^} -m -T? ^- 1 sr^r V gE ^^ ^jn ^t s^y^ >s]] 
 
 damqatu e - pu -su- us sa as-pu- ru it - tab - su 
 The benefits 1 had done to him and had sent to his aid, he 
 
 j^cfw <T- ET ^TT yy JfP A-+ r? <Mfcl ^T T? ^I -^Id '.* 
 
 in - si va is - te - ni - ba - a limut -tu a- na ka -sad 
 despised and devised evil, to capture 
 
 ummani ya Assur sar Hi Nergal be - lu 
 
 my army. Assur king of the Gods and Nergal the lord 
 
 ^E!T -E ^m "gTT - -ai -Tr<T -tVi ^.^TT -eT IHJ 
 
 zi - i - ru sa ina mah - ri ya il - la - ku 
 
 mighty, who in my presence march 
 
 m^ 7 -TT^ --TT t£=m ^ tElT m m^ -TT<T ^eT? 
 
 u - sa - zi - zu in - ni zi - ir ga - ri ya 
 
 and exalt me over my enemies, 
 
 i- m :=: T ^T El >-]]<] ^T -T<T^ t>S: -^T Ecyy r?^ HI 'On 
 
 lib - bi Tam-ma- ri - tu iq - su ba - ra - nu ip - ru 
 the heart of Tammaritu hard and p)er verse they broke. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 217 
 
 va im - nu - u su qa - tu - ii a iil - tu 
 
 and delivered him into my hand. Fivm - 
 
 A t-^ ?? tl:s --T< I ^I lEJ « c!^ ET 
 
 kuzzu saru - ti su id - ku - uis - suv - va 
 
 his royal throne they hurled him and 
 
 u - tir - ni - suv - va u - sak - ni -su - us a - na 
 overturned him, and subdued him to 
 
 <tEn cETf k. t> <r^ T? ^ -T A -II tElT ^E Iffl H <-TT 
 
 niri ya sal- si -a-uu Assur bel- zi - i - ru Nergal 
 
 my yoke. A third time Assur the miyldy lord, Neryal 
 
 £^ -IT- -TT— -T -E -^ V m I ^^ ET 
 
 qar - rad Hi I - tak sa qati su az - ma 
 
 ivarrior of the Gods, and Itah -whose hands are iwwerful, 
 
 tyyyc t^ <tej igj c^ eT T? -^I \^<Z] eT <IEI -!<!^^ *^- ^ 
 
 u - tak - ki - ki - ni va a - na Elam ig - bu - ni 
 
 protected me, and to Elam they commanded 
 
 TI -ET m I- -::IT -TITT T A-]\ ^ ^E. 6.c. 
 
 a - la - ku Bit - im - hi - i, &c. 
 
 to go. Bitimhi, &c. 
 
 Here follows the second war with Ummanaldas, the same as 
 Cylinder A, col. v, line 121 and following. 
 
 The first war with Ummanaldas appears to have had for its 
 object the restoration of Tammaritu, the fugitive king of Elam. 
 The principal event of the campaign was the capture of Bit-imbi ; 
 after which, Ummanaldas abandoned his capital, and fled to the 
 mountains. Tammaritu, who was then restored to the throne, soon 
 revolted, and was deposed by Assurbanipal ; the country coming 
 once more under the sway of Ummanaldas. 
 
 •2 F 
 
218 . ASSURBANIPAL 
 
 PART XL 
 
 The Second War with Ummanaldas. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of the second war with Ummanaldas are Cyhnder A, 
 col. V, Ime 118 to col. vii, line 96; two Epigraphs; several Extracts 
 from Historical Tablets ; and K, 3062. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column V, Lines 118 to 125. 
 
 118. ^ ^T ?« ^T? E?K ^TI<T tETf - m -TTTT -T4 < 
 
 I - na samne gar - ri ya ina ki - bit Assur va 
 In my eighth expedition, hy command of Assur and 
 
 H <W 1 1 9. ^£T <IeJ ^? A V^ m} ^^^^} T -^TIT « ^I<J IH 
 
 Istar ad - ki umman ya zir Um -man- al - das 
 
 Ishtar, I gathered my army, against Ummanaldas 
 
 120. sE:^; V <n £T <^ ^T ^4 <« *^ £tTT A^ tt]] ^ 
 
 sar Elam us - te - es -se- ra mur - ra -nu 
 
 king of Elam I directed the march. 
 
 121. ^-yy m T A-n ^ -£ V - N?< -TM m -^11 -n<I ^]} 
 
 Bit - im - bi - i sa ina gar - ri ya mah - re - e 
 Bitimbi, which in my former ex'pedition 
 
 122. ^a ^T i£\ !.T't t>-£T -^T x^ EtTT T? <T- ^.^ ?K ET -v^ 
 
 ak - su - du e - nin - na Ka - a - si Ha-ma-nu 
 
 / had captured, again Rasi, IJamanu, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 219 
 
 123. ]} <T^ ^1 ^IIA I -B Mi ^T <hm JT < 
 
 a - di na - g*i sii ak - su - ud va su - u 
 
 and that district I captured; and he 
 
 Tt-m « m iH 124. « \M:rT et <IeJ -^u ^ 
 
 Um -man- al - das sar Elam ka -sad 
 
 Ummancddas king of Elam, of the capture of 
 
 \< £^n T? <T- ^.•^ )\< ET ^ 125. t<]] y t] ^^- m< -A< 
 
 E,a -a- si Ha-ma-nii is -mi va pu - ]uh - ti 
 
 Rasi and Hamanu heard, and fear of 
 
 Assur va Istar a- li -kut ida - ai 
 Assur and Ishtar [joinj before me 
 
 Column VI. 
 
 1. tT ^|<T ^- I ET -^TT ET =m? -eET -tTI ,£:;? '^T< I 
 
 is - hu - pu su va Ma- dak - tu alu saru - ti su 
 
 overwhelmed him, and Madaktu his royal city 
 
 2. t^W + -^ El sECm -^T m T? ^T 
 
 u - vas - sir va in - na - bit a - na 
 
 he abandoned, and fled to 
 
 Dur - un - da - si It - it - e e - bir 
 
 Durundasi. The Itite, he crossed, 
 
 E! I? Mi Tr -m 4- T? --n -IT? -^ -^V I J=^TT -T4-'TT^ 
 
 va nalir su-a- tu a - na dan -nu- ti su is - kun 
 
 a7id that river for his stronghold he fixed, 
 
 5. t^H jtyyy j^yyy ^ (v. c^Tf Ifcy ^) I? ^1 cs -<T< ^ET? 
 
 uk - ta - ta -zir * uk - taz - zir a- na zal- ti ya 
 
 cmd arranged in ranks to fight me. 
 
220 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 6. ^tTT -^y <l^ -m] -tiT sEhS -T< < (v. ]} im ^T ^yi A 
 
 Na - di - tn alu saru - ti va (v. a- di) na - gi 
 Naditii the royal citij 
 
 and its district 
 
 I -B I *T 7. ^-Ti tynr r ^^- ^y m -^yy ^1:^ -^y< <!S!i 
 
 sLi ak -su-ud Bit - ])u - na - ki alu saru - ti * * 
 
 / captured, Bitbunahi the royal city ditto, 
 
 8. ►tyy A^^]}'^ -^yy &^ -y< mi 9- -^yy -m -w ^^- 
 
 Tu - u - bu 
 
 Tuhu 
 
 Har-dap-a-nii alu saru ti * * 
 Hardapanu the royal city ditto, 
 
 -^yy tE^m -^y< <!iii! 
 
 alu saru - ti * * 
 the royal city ditto, 
 
 10. 
 
 bi - rit Dahr 
 
 beside 
 
 all 
 
 ka - la - mu 
 the river, 
 
 ^tyy ey cmi ^y -^yy ^^^ -^y< <jm 
 
 Ma- dak - tu alu saru - ti * * 
 Madaktu the royal city ditto, 
 
 <yy ^:s -y< I -B ^y ^y 
 
 alu saru - ti su ak - su - ud 
 his royal city I captured, 
 
 <yy s£:w -y< I -s jy ^y 
 
 alu saru - ti su ak - su -ud 
 ids royal city I captured, 
 
 13. 
 
 11. ^-TT - ^! ^T ^ 
 
 Hal- te-ma-as 
 Haltemas 
 
 12. ^tyy ^y v H 
 
 Su - sa - an 
 Shushan 
 
 Di - in - sar 
 
 Dinsar, 
 
 :yy >-^yy ^^ ^y?? -m ^y g^ <m! i4. -^yy ^h <\^ ^^yy ey 
 
 Su -mu-un - tu - na -as * * Pi - di - il 
 
 ma 
 
 Surauntunas 
 
 alu saru - ti 
 
 his royal 
 
 15. 
 
 Ka 
 
 I 
 
 su 
 city, 
 
 bi - in 
 Kahinak 
 
 ditto, 
 
 -^yy 
 
 Pidilma 
 
 Bu - bi - lu * * 
 Buhilu ditto, 
 
 -B (-^yy tg:s --y< i) <jm 
 
 ak (alu saru - ti su) * * 
 (his royal city) ditto. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 221 
 
 iua tugul- ti Assiir va Istar ar - di va al - lik 
 
 In the service of Assiir and Ishtar I marched and went 
 
 17. t^^j r t-nr « ti<j ^\\ -^w « \* ci\ £T <iej 
 
 Um -man- al - da - si sar Elam 
 
 zir 
 
 after 
 
 Ummanaldas 
 
 king of 
 
 Elam, 
 
 sa la ik -nu-sa a - na niri ya ina mi- ti - iq 
 
 ivho did not submit to my yoke. In the course 
 
 gar - ri ya 
 of my expedition, 
 
 19- -tIT 8£l& T ^Wr SIT (T?) -TT 
 
 Dur - un - da (-a) - si 
 Durundasi 
 
 --TT tiSS ►^T< I -B JT ^\ 
 
 alu saru - ti su ak - su - ud 
 his royal city I captured. 
 
 It - it - e a - gu - u u - ru 
 the Itite in high food 
 
 tdj -ET -T<I T? 
 
 ip - la - hu a 
 feared 
 
 20. ^JATJ tET? 
 
 umman ya 
 My army 
 
 21. ty{ -^ '^jn 
 
 e -mu- ru 
 saw, and 
 
 T cs: -^T <MT<T ►-T< 
 
 na ni - ba - ar - ti 
 the crossing. 
 
 22. ^-T <;v 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 a - si -bat Arba- il ina sat mu - si a - na umman ya 
 
 dwelling in Arhela, in the middle of the night to my army 
 
 23. ^TA<tt ^TIT- Jl^tU -IT<T ET <!eJ T? =^ -T<T^ t^ I ^ 
 
 suttu u - sap - ri va ki - a - am 
 
 a dream sent, and even told them, 
 
 ig - bi su- nu 
 
 um-maa-na-ku al - lak ina ma- liar Assur-bani-pal sar 
 thus : " I march in front of Assurbanijjal, the king 
 
222 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 25. V Id] ^! n JTtt T?T? *=!? -EgTT -T4<^:: -I :^-<V 
 
 sa ib - na - a qata ai e - li suttu an - ni - ti 
 
 ivhom mij hands made" Over that vision 
 
 26. ^AVi ^tw =m ►!<! t-^ I? ^i ^i ^Tf -\} ^ ^jra 
 
 ummaii ya ir - hu - zu It - it - e e - bi - ru 
 
 my army rejoiced, and the Itite crossed 
 
 tv y~. 27. <m ^cIT r— -^ J?ttU si5S --T< T? <T* 
 
 sal - mis 1 4 alani mu - sab saru - ti a - di 
 
 peacefidly. Fourteen cities royal seats, and 
 
 <}] I>-^ ^^ T>~ (y. CEIT ^-T 'mi --T<) 28. V 5?: 
 
 =T 
 
 alani zihruti (v. zi 
 smaller cities 
 
 hi 
 
 ru 
 
 ti) 
 
 sa ni - i - ba 
 the numbers 
 
 -£T ^t JT < <Mej <TT -^T -TT4 »=!? 29. v <iy s^yy? 
 
 la i - su - u va 1 2 na - ge - e sa ki - rib 
 
 unknoivn, a7id twelve distiicts which are in 
 
 
 Cl\ ET m -^Id -E^TT I -T^ -0 JT *T so. »y © 
 
 Elam ka - li su-nu ak -su-ud ab-bul 
 
 Elam, all of them I took, I pidled doivn, 
 
 -B -I! - H-T+ -B ^ T? -^T <m < ^m T- 
 
 aq - qur ina isati ak - mu a - na tuli va gar - mi 
 
 destroyed, in the jire I hurned, and to mounds and heaps 
 
 u - tir 
 / reduced. 
 
 31. ^ ^Ey y^ ^ ]] t.]]^ ^- Etyy <y^ ^y? i 
 
 ina la mi - ni a - duk qu - ra - de - e su 
 Without number I sleiv his luam^iors. 
 
 32. - cy ^ (y» 
 
 iaa kakki 
 
 ■with the 
 
 -) tyyyt Ecyy ^-m. T- -tE -^^ t£TT (^11) 
 
 u - ra - as - sib mun - tah - ze - (e) 
 sivord I destroyed his poiverful 
 
 I -HI T— (v. tEyy 1111 -y<) 33. y ^-yyy « ti<j m « 
 
 su zirati (v, zi - ru - ti) Urn -man- al - das sar 
 
 Ji<jhtin<j men. Umma7ialdas king of 
 
 (iJiA^ 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 223 
 
 ^^^ <-T ET <IeJ 34. <- EtTT -7^ Sf^T I tE=m -^T ^nn ET 
 
 Elam me - ra - nu - iis - bh in - na - bit va 
 
 EJani nt his bitterness Jled, and 
 
 tT -^T c^TIT V tTIT- 35. ^tTT -^T -s^ -t^ I? <!*= 
 
 iz - ba - ta sadu- u Ba -mi-nu a - cli 
 
 took to the mountam. Bannmt and 
 
 T -TTA ^]} BI -tTT t^TTT ni EtTT 36. ^cH -eT >^ 
 
 na - ge - e sa Ta - sa - ra ka - la - mu 
 
 the districts of Tasa^xi all, 
 
 « T? H -tTT T— _^ -^T -TTA A) 37. -gpf ^-fy ^y<| cy?? t?;?; 
 
 20 alani ina na - ge - e sa Hu - im - nir 
 
 twenty cities in the districts of Hunnir, 
 
 - <-tU h (v- <ct) ty -yyKy -gyy ^-yy ^ t=yy .^gyy (v. igj) 
 
 ina eli mi (v. me) -is- ri sa Hi- da - li (v. lu) 
 
 by the boundary of Hidahc, 
 
 ^B I ^T 38. ^-yy -^y <y^ ^ <y^:g[j >-t]]]^ -gyy 
 
 ak -su-ud Ba - lim - mu va alani sa 
 
 / captured. Balimmu and the cities 
 
 -mil h -<V I 39. tty E«y -B -IT "gTT i^TffT— 
 
 li -mi - ti -su ab - bul aq - qur sa nisi 
 
 round it, I j)^dled doion and destroyed. Of the i^eojole 
 
 y? T- ^nr ^ i ^ 40. ^^u ^n- i ^ s -r^-m 
 
 a -sib lib - bi su-nii ka -mar su-nu as- kun 
 
 divelling uithiii them, their misfortune I caused, 
 
 ^W !?=HJ A-^ -IT— I ^T?? 41. tyyyt j^j^y <y^ ^i-yyy 
 
 u - sab - bir Hi su- un u - sap - si ih 
 
 / broke up their Gods, I set at liberty the 
 
 (H) -fid ^< ^T< -II -im 42. -^yy-^ i 
 
 (Hu) ka - bat - ti bel beli Hi su 
 
 great Goddess of the lord of lords, his Gods, 
 
224 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 H <'tV T— I V JT I V -TTT^ I ^TH T^— -^ < El- _ 
 
 Istari su sa - su su sa - ga su nisi zihruti va rabati 
 
 his Goddesses, his furniture, his goods, people small and great, 
 
 43. S M -£T T? -^I ^^ HA <IeJ iki #^ ^- cp ^! ^jn 
 
 as - lu - la a - na Assur 60 kas - pn qaq- qa - ru 
 
 / carried off to Assijria. Sixty haspu of ground, 
 
 44. - ]] V HA < -! <'A' V tTITt ty 4i-T IIH sE=m :«= 
 
 ina a -mat Assur va Istar sa u -ma- hi - ru in - ni 
 hy the ivill of Assur and Ishtar who sent me, 
 
 45. <iEj tTT? ^-^ <;n EI <i£j !=T? "m t^ et ^ei -ih m t^- t 
 
 ki - rib Elam e - ru - ub va at - tal - lak sal-dis 
 
 within Elam I entered and marched victoriously. 
 
 46. ^ !£Tn W T? <T-TT<T ^T< tE|} V -14 < H <W 
 
 ina ta - ay - ar - ti ya sa Assur va Istar 
 On my return, when Assur and Tshtar 
 
 m^ W -TT^ --TT s^im ^ 47. c^'^} s^TTT^ -TM ^El? 
 
 u - sa - zi - zu in - ni zir ga - ri ya 
 
 exalted tne over r)%y enemies, 
 
 -^TT JI V H El ??< -^11 El- tin^ 48. -^ j?=fcU 
 
 Su - sa - an ma - ha - zu rab - u mu - sab 
 
 Shushan the great city, the seat of 
 
 HI— I m 1? titi *i- -11!?= ^i< I m -B ji ^T 
 
 Hi su- un a - sar pi - sak - ti su- un ak - su - ud 
 their Gods, the ijlace of their oracle, I captured. 
 
 (v. \< *T) 49. ^ |{ \^ HA < -1 <v/ <iEi m 
 
 (v. aksud) ina a - mat Assur va Istar ki - rib 
 
 By the tvill of Assur and Ishtar, into 
 
 '=1111_EV 1— I ty? ^Jffl tt^ 50. ^w h " I Ell 1— 
 
 e - kal - i su e - ru - ub u - sib ina hidati 
 
 its jjalaces I entei^ed and sat with rejoicing. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 225 
 
 ap-te- e va bit na (v. nak) -kam-a- ti su-nu sa 
 
 / opened also their treasure houses, of 
 
 <?? ^T (T— ) <?MTA (T— ) V JT (T--) V ^^TTT^ (T— ) 
 
 kasap (-i) huraz (- i) sa- su (-i) sa - ga (-i) 
 
 silver, gold, furniture and goods, 
 
 nu - uk - ku - mu ki - rib su- mi 
 treasured ivithin them ; 
 
 52 
 
 sa sarri 
 
 which the kings of 
 
 ■<< 
 
 Elam mah - ru - ti 
 
 Ela^n the former, 
 
 ]} iW ^]'\] t^ ^f h -T ^ -Vr 
 
 a - di lib - bi im - mi an - ne - e 
 were to these days, 
 
 is - ku - nu sa nakiru sa - nam - ma 
 and made ; ivhich any other enemy 
 
 a- 
 
 di 
 
 sarri 
 
 sa 
 
 and 
 
 the 
 
 kings who 
 
 54. 
 
 -W 
 
 ^> 
 
 A 'an 
 
 
 u - 
 
 pah - 
 
 hi - ru 
 
 
 had gathered 
 
 ^T 
 
 55. 
 
 ^Tf 
 
 -^IT 
 
 •ma 
 
 
 e 
 
 - li 
 
 beside 
 
 :£!? T? <y (v. T? If <H .ETn -.£1! -£T «=TTT^ :^ M - ^TIT 
 
 ya -a- si 
 me. 
 
 (v. ai - si) qat su la u - bi - lu ina lib - bi 
 his hands had not ijut into them, 
 
 u -se-za- av -va sal- la -tis am - nu kasap (-i) 
 
 / brought out and as si^oil I counted. 
 
 Silvei\ 
 
 <H -TI A (T— ) V M\ (I—) V -W (T— ) "gTT <^ -^iB m 
 
 huraz (- i) sa-su (-i) sa- ga (-i) sa Sumiri 
 
 gold, furniture and goods, of Sumir 
 
 «) "m^^ m 58. < ^^ ^^ H<?:^fH? w ;r -tu -et -^ 
 
 (va) Akkadi va Gan - dun - i - as ka - la - mu 
 
 {and) Akkad and Gandunias, all that 
 
 2 G 
 
22G ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 sa sarri Elam mah - ru - ti a - di 
 
 the kings of Elam, the former and 
 
 [ciTE^}] I ^n ^ M 60. ^TH^ - M <^ ^m 
 
 [arku] - sii is - lu - lu u - bi - lii ki - rib 
 
 [latter,'] had carried off and brought ivithin 
 
 \^ d] ET m w -TT<T ^jra A<tE ji< 61. <« £1 '^ni < 
 
 Elam za- ri - ru russu -u es -ma- ru -u 
 
 Elam; bronze hammered, hardij), and 
 
 tu ^^ :^ H ^i< M?T— JT -^ ^T !} ^ ^T 
 
 ib - bu ni - sik - ti abni su - qut - tu a - gar - tu 
 
 pure, precious stones beautiful and valuable, 
 
 62. >^yi ^- sEhS --T< "glT !£hS T— <^ I^*' <M 
 
 si -mat saru - ti sa sarri Akkad 
 
 belonging to royalty; tvhich kings of Akkad 
 
 -BU m < -<V 63. <T-M T H ^T -<^ -^ -IT4 -^T 
 
 inali - ru - u - ti va Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 former ones and Saulmugina, 
 
 Vi -^T m -n<! I -3^ idijT ^jn 64. y? ^T X- CI] t] m 
 
 a- na kit- ri su-nu ip -su-ru a - na Elam 
 
 for their aid had paid to Elam : 
 
 m ^ -EEl M] -^ -seT -TT ^' -S^ -T< 65. ty ^ ^^yy 
 
 lu-bul- tu su-qut- tu si -mat saru - ti bat - li 
 
 garments beautiful, belonging to royalty, weapons 
 
 i^\ Ecyy ::: -^yy sy -^ < t^ey ^y? m -r^E^} 66. ^yy -.< 
 
 qa - ra -bi si -ma-nu-u nin e -pis tabaz si -mat 
 
 of war, "prepared for one to make battle, suited 
 
 m I -W V- -EiT -T<14 «= E^ty -si! ^TTTT ty y>~ i 
 
 qati su u -nu - ti mut -tab- bil - tu e -kal- i su 
 to his hand, instruments furnishing his palaces, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 227 
 
 67. ^tld -t] -^^ V - <--H4 ^W <h *^- Ski -T< m 
 
 ka - la -mu su ina eli u - si -bii it - ti bibbu(?) 
 
 all that uiithin it was i^laced, with the food 
 
 68. ^ *m :^ i=I? ^ lai ^TT -ilT < ^ -^ IeJ IdJ !l^ Se JT 
 
 ina lib -bi e -ku- lu is - Lu -u ir -mii-ku ip-pa-as-su 
 in the midst [^ichich^ he ate and di^ank, and the couch he reclined on, 
 
 69. ti B T— -T "iTT W ESir <I* ^T t-^ ^^m ^ 
 
 ruqubi iz sa sa - da - di zu - um - bi 
 
 powei'fid war chariots, 
 
 70. -gTT A"fflf --TT <T- -^T ?? -T!<T -IT<T W \\< M ^T!T- 
 
 sa ah - zu si - na za- ri - ri za - ha - lu - u 
 
 of ivhich their ornaments were bronze and iKiint^ 
 
 71. ^]B ^-" ^^V, T— ^I=E Ic^M I— £T- 1— '2. -giT 
 
 susi pare rabati sa 
 
 horses and great mides, of ivhich 
 
 -TT<T JT- ^m I -^ <}} -TTA <}} ^T ^ MI -El If -^I 
 
 tal - lap - ta su-nu huraz kasap as - lu - la a 
 their tra^ppings ivere gold and silver, I carried off to 
 
 na 
 
 
 TA m 73. r<2<I .^11 -II- --II JI V H Ell - 
 Assur zik - kur - rat Su - sa - au sa ina 
 
 Assyria. The tower of Shushan, which in the 
 
 I? A -II<I ^i} rf *-* ^I ^- *-' ^*- -T^ -nil 
 
 a - hi - ri uk - ni su - pu - lat ub - bit 
 
 loiver part in marhle(f) was laid, I destroyed. 
 
 -Ill- -III ^I- £-11 E^ D (^- -II I—) V "gll *I- -f^ 
 
 u - kip - pi - ra gar -rim (v. garrim) sa sa pi - tiq 
 / hrohe through its top, ivhich was covered ivith 
 
 eru nam - ri Susiuaq(?) Hu pi - sak - ti 
 
 shining h^onze. Susinctqi^) the God of their oracle, 
 
228 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 su - un sa as - bu ina bu - uz - ra - a - ti sa 
 
 ivho dwelt in the groves ; whom 
 
 « £T H -ET Afl- ET ^jm idr '^jn h ^t< i (j«:) 
 
 man - ma - an la im -ma- ru ip - sit ilu - ti su - (ni) 
 
 any one had not seen the image of his divinity, 
 
 11. --T jy >^ ^f ^^y 
 
 Su - mu - du 
 Sumudu, 
 
 H ^ <MT<T ►-T< m E^TT 78. » 
 
 Pa- ar - ti - ki - ra 
 PartiJcira, 
 
 ^ET -m^ ET ^. 
 
 La - ga - ma - ru 
 
 Lagomer, 
 
 -T i^ « -^H -TT >f 
 
 Am -man- ka - si -bar 
 A mmanhasibar. 
 
 H ^W ^] EtTT H -1 4i * -S 79. "gTr t 
 
 U - du - ra - an Sa - pa - ak 
 
 Uduran and Sapak ; 
 
 sa sarri 
 
 of whom the kings 
 
 •^^ di ET <m 
 
 Elam 
 of Elam 
 
 HI 
 
 tal (v. ta 
 
 worship 
 
 Ilu - us - su - un 
 their divinity. 
 
 H -£TT ^Vi) \ 4i ExTI T? 
 
 Su - un -gur- sa - ra - a 
 Sumugursara, 
 
 81. ^^] <IgJ ^ ^ ^T sg^L 
 Ki - ir - sa - ma - as 
 Kirsamas, 
 
 -T 
 
 I) -ET -T<T 
 
 na) - la - hu 
 
 E^TT -TTA -^T 
 
 Ra - gi - ba 
 Ragiha, 
 
 ■T -tH <T-TT<T 
 
 HMPf- 
 
 Ka - ar - sa 
 Karsa, 
 
 -T 
 
 -T T? T? ^ -& ^T -^T 
 
 Ai - pa - ak - si - na 
 
 Aipaksijia, 
 
 82. 
 
 JT t^T -^ 
 
 Su - du - nu 
 
 Sudumi, 
 
 Bi - la - la 
 Bilala, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 229 
 
 M ^ ^ 5^^ -t^^ -yy<y 
 
 Pa- ni - in - tim 
 Panintimri, 
 
 ri 
 
 83. 
 
 ^ 
 
 Na - ap - sa - a 
 Napsa, 
 
 -T -yr -ET ^TIT^^ E-TT Tr 
 
 Si - la - ga - ra - a 
 Silagara, 
 
 Na - bir - tu 
 Nahirtu and 
 
 Ki - in - da - kar - bu 
 Kindakarhu, 
 
 84. .^y y 
 
 IH 
 
 these 
 
 H <',V T 
 
 Istari 
 Gods and 
 
 V Tf -Eil ^ ^T -<T< ^T -e -T< I T^ 85. V f Tir^ I ^ 
 
 sa -a- tu -nu it - ti su-qut- ti su-nu 
 Goddesses, with their valuahles. 
 
 sa - ga su-nu 
 their goods, 
 
 m- ^I --T< I -3^ Tf <]^ e:s V H -TT^ ^I? 
 
 u - na - ti su-nu a - di sa - an - ge - e 
 
 their furniture, and priests, and 
 
 8G. (E:sf) y- A-^ -t] -E^IT ty? ^ ]g[j ^eT Tf -^I 
 
 bu - uh - la - le - e as - lu - la a - na 
 worshippers, I carried off to 
 
 <-^-TA<IeJ 87. «<TT J?/<::^^a— ) 
 
 Assur 32 zalam (-i) 
 
 Assyria. Thirty-two statues of 
 
 bronze 
 
 pi - tiq (v. ti - iq) kasap huraz eru 
 
 fashioned of silver, gold, 
 
 tT -<^ £1- <f T^ -m m '^n? 
 
 samul - rab ul - tu ki - rib 
 
 alabaster, from out of 
 
 sarri 
 kings, 
 
 88. Cf^^f 
 and 
 
 -TT JT V -I 
 
 Su - sa - an 
 Shushan, 
 
 89. ^clT £T ^} -m -tTT -I<T EtTT <!* 90. y? <T* 
 
 Ma- dak- tu Hu - ra - di a - di 
 
 Madaktu and Huradi, and 
 
230 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 jf/<::^^ T <!]] « tE 1^ ^S T -^TIT --T BTi tt]] T? 
 
 zalam Um -man- i -gas ablu Um - ba - da - ra -a 
 
 a statue of Ummanigas son of Umhadara, 
 
 91. J?/<^^ T ^TT -^ -^I H -M A\} <]^ Jf/<^^ 
 
 zalam Is - tar - na - an - hu - un - di zalam 
 
 a statue of Istarnanhundi, a statue of 
 
 T - M -TT 92. ^f/<^^ T ^T t] -]]<] -Eil t^liu cnr^ 
 
 Hal- lu - si zalam Tam-ma- ri - tu arku - u 
 
 Halludus and a statue of Tammaritu the later, 
 
 93. ett - <ii ^mr HA < H <'tV -t? v- i -^i < '^t< 
 
 sa ina ki - bit Assur va Istar e - pu -su ardu-u-ti 
 who hy command of Assur and Ishtar made submission to me, 
 
 94. !.i<j X| ]} ]} ^\ t^ HA <IeJ f eT -^Id T} H -TH? I— 
 
 al - qa - a a - na Assur ad - ka - a sedi 
 
 / brought to Assyria. I broke the winged lions 
 
 95. H tTT? T— -II -HIT- T— M] ^] m\ ^*" ET -ET 
 
 alapi mazartu su -par e -sir ma- la 
 
 aiid bulls watching over the temple, all 
 
 -t| ^y < 96. fTiyc ^T t:^ vyy jf < :^ y--^ (H) 
 
 ba - su - u u - na - as - si - ha remi 
 
 there were. I removed the ivinged 
 
 y ::Ey m ^y< ^yy ^.^ ^cpj y-^ ^ 97. <« ^yy<y ty? ^y< 
 
 na - at - ru - ti si -mat babani es - re - e - ti 
 
 bidls attached to the gates of the temples of 
 
 V <;rT Ey <m T? <w -Ey -^y *^ ^Tf ^TiT- t> ^mT 
 
 Elam a - di la ba - se - e u - sal - pit 
 
 JElam, until they ivere not, I overturned. 
 
 98. H y^ I H <v/ y-— 1 1^ -^y y? yf -1 ?? <m <m 
 
 Ili su Istari su am - na - a a - na za - ki - ki 
 
 His Gods and his Goddesses I sent into captivity. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 231 
 
 99. pT -^!.??1[? T--^ I V" * eEH tt]] ]} -^V 100. Ell tVEl 
 kisti su-nu pa - az - ra - a - ti sa nm 
 
 their forest groves, lohich any 
 
 yj .y<y ^yyi^ .ty tyyy^ ^fH Iffl - ^ t^ ^01. ^eT 
 
 a - hu - u la u - sar - ru iiia lib - bi la 
 
 other had not j;e?ie^?-o«ecZ into the midst, had not 
 
 ^t -Til -^^ -.£11 >=£ :£TTT -.^M (V- <T- tg=w) 
 
 i •• kib - ba - su i - ta sun (v. si - iii) 
 
 trodden their outskirts ; 
 
 102. t:^ ^? y^ ^2^y ::£!? <igf ^m >-^M ^!? ^jn *^ 
 
 zabi tahaz ya ki - rib sun e - ru - bu 
 
 my men of ivar into them entered, 
 
 103. ty;f ^ ^jn 'ii^- 1i^►y<I tt\\ -^inT -T<T'^ -^ < - H -T >f 
 
 e -mu- ru bu - uz - ra sun ik -mu-u ina Lsatu 
 saw their groves, and burned [theiri] in the fire. 
 
 104. <IEJ ^SI A tE3S I— I "3^ -=EII *jn --T< J^gin— 
 asar zirati sarri su-nu mah - ru - ti arku - i 
 
 The high places of their kings, former and latter, 
 
 (v. <y--yy<y gj y^) 105. ^t] ^ -^TT -T<I -^I< --IA < 
 
 (v. ar - ku - i) la pa - li - hu - ti A ssur va 
 
 not feaHiig Assur and 
 
 H<\v -in— -^T? 106. >^ t\]]] (V. jfj.) -TT<T m 
 
 Istar beli ya mu - nir (v. nir) . - ri - du 
 
 Ishtar my lords, opposers of the 
 
 y._ tt] T^— tt]} 107. ^^] :© -0 ^n -W ^TTt <t- 
 
 sarri abi ya ab - bul aq -qur u - kal - li 
 
 kings my fathers, I pidled down, destroyed and burnt 
 
 ^] ^y <y^ 108. <^ <v ^y T— I -^ -I<I -^T Tf T? ^T 
 
 sam- si ner- pad-du - i su-nu al -qa-a a-na 
 
 in the su7i. Their attendants I brought to 
 
 
232 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 \^--]A<m 109. ^rf <^t T^ I ^ ^ET H ^ET 
 
 Assur e - kim - mi su - nu la za - la - lu 
 
 Assyria, their leaders without shelter 
 
 r-T? T- ^T 110. <IEJ tT ^y^ ^^m IH— s^TIT- ?? ^^ T- 
 
 e -mi- id - ki-iz-pi sati me u -za-am-mi 
 
 / placed. TJie wells of drinking water I dried them 
 
 I ^ ^r< 111. £T -jn -^? « ',v ^TT- — ^y -M -T? 
 
 su -nu- ti ma- lak arah 25 immi na - ge - e 
 
 uj?, for a journey of a month and tiventy-five days the districts 
 
 \^ <-T £T <IeJ m^ --?^HrT m 112. ^^ (^TiTt) m. 
 
 Elam u - sah - rib dabu (- u) ebiltu 
 
 of Elam I laid waste, destruction, servitude 
 
 A -£gn tiH m^ *fcU ^r- ??< -y^? 5^T I -TU 
 
 hasasu u - sap - pi - ha zir - us - su - un 
 
 and drought I poured over them. 
 
 113. ^^ ^ V^^ 5^^ T""^ irt] T-~ ^^ V^^ 
 
 binti sarri ninati sarri 
 
 The daughters of kings, consorts of hiyigs, 
 
 114. \} q^ IeII sE:w JfF ^SI -TT<T -<V iVM ^^ -^T< 
 
 a - di qi - in - ni mab - ri - ti va arku - ti 
 and families former and latter 
 
 115. -ETT sEim T— ^^^ <n £T <IeJ E^w <l£j s^ If :^ 
 
 sa sarri Elam ki - pa - a - ni 
 
 of the kings of Elam, the governors and 
 
 116. E;si n< }} ^T Tf ►-T< V -tTTT— V Tf -eIT ^ 
 
 ba - za - na - a - ti sa alani sa - a - tu - nu 
 
 citizens , of those cities, 
 
 117. ET -ET -B JT ^I e;5S eT- «=! O T— ess V Y- T— 
 
 ma- la ak - su -du nis rab mitpaai sanuti 
 
 all I had captured; the commanders of archers, 2^'^<^fccts, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 233 
 
 118. t-^ m -.£yi ^ T— t;m irr -t<t ^n t— 
 
 mugil supa - i nis 3 hu - si - i 
 
 directors of * * , three horse charioteers 
 
 1 19. E^ V -^ - T— £5S ^? ^] <S\ EhS -TI^ T— 
 
 nis sa bat-hal - li zab-mitpanu sak - i 
 
 chariot drivers, archers, officer s^ 
 
 120. E^fs ^TTT ^TTI -^T < -TTA eEIIT -^TIT e! T? ^ eT -eT 
 
 kit - kit - tu va gi - mir um -ma- a - ni ma- la 
 ca^Jij) foUowers{?) and the u-liole of the army, all 
 
 -^T I < 121. tyf? y~^ 5^ < ^> tf < ET-^ 
 
 ba - su - u nisi zikri va sinnis zihruti va rabati 
 
 there was, people male and female, small and great, 
 
 t^TtE ^.^ EcTT T— 122. c^y^ i t^MT— !=^T^T— 
 
 susi pare imiri 
 
 horses, mules, asses, 
 
 ^M-^ < tETI -T? :??= 123. !.T? -E^TT (^- <-^Id) -VVlAVr 
 
 alpi va ze - e - ni e - li (v. eli) salati 
 
 oxen and sheep, beside much 
 
 ET A-\ ^I S MJ -ET y? -^T ^--^ -\A <m 
 
 ma - ha - du as - lu - la a - na Assur 
 
 spoil, I carried off to Assyria. 
 
 Column VII. 
 
 epu'i 
 
 Su - sa - an Ma - dak - tu 
 
 The dust of Shushan, Madaktu, 
 
 Hal-te-ma-as va si - it - ti ma ha- zi sun 
 
 Ilaltemas, and the rest of their cities, 
 
 2 H 
 
234 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 3. ty? -^yy^ ^ i<y J^y y? y? ^y ^^ ^-y^ <!Ey 4. _^ ^-] 
 
 e - ris al - qa - a a - na Assur ina arali 
 
 entirely I brought to Assyria. Fo7' a month 
 
 ^y y>— V <n ET <IeJ T? -^I <V <SiT -IM V -S« ^- ^Trr 
 
 immi Elam a - na pat gim - ri sa as - pu - un 
 
 and a day, Elam to its utmost extent I swept; 
 
 5- -yy<y <siy e^s t— m ^ -t -i^ t— < ^ett ^t? =f^ 
 
 ri - kim amiluti ki - bi - is alpi va ze - e - ni 
 
 the passage of men, the treading of oxen and sheep, 
 
 6. <y- ^y ^y y? -Ey -sy A^Tyy-^ ^TTT- ?? =^ Ey y? 
 
 si - si - it a - la - la dabu u - za - am - ma - a 
 
 and the springing up of good trees (?) / burnt off 
 
 y? c^ T— I 
 
 a - gar - i su 
 his felds. 
 
 7. 
 
 ^B 
 
 T T> 
 
 imiri 
 Wild 
 
 zm - na 
 
 asses, 
 
 m- Ey ;=^ f^^if tyyyt Ey- -yKy < 
 
 u - ma - am zin u - gal - hu - u 
 
 beasts of the desert and ugalhus, 
 
 — >f jf: y 
 
 L dassi 
 
 serpents (?) 
 
 8. ^y tyyy^ « 
 
 par- ga - nis 
 scfely 
 
 9. --y 
 
 Na - na - a sa 
 Nana, ivho 
 
 =yyy ^^ ^- i 
 
 ta - as - bu - su 
 had been desecrated. 
 
 u - sar - bi-za ki - rib su- un 
 / caused to lay down in them. 
 
 1,635 sanat an- na - i 
 
 1,635 years 
 
 -yy<y -ggyy ^ -£Ey <y- v- n. <^ ^yy? ^.^ <:ry Ey <iej 
 
 tal - li - ku tu - si - bu ki - rib Elam 
 
 had gone, and dwelt in Elam, 
 
 y? 5£H -Ey >^yy Ey ^y< v 1 2. <y-iEyy t£ ^y ^y y- i ey <y- ^t 
 
 a- sar la si -ma- ti sa va i - na im-mi su va si - i 
 
 a plaxe not appointed to her ; and in those days, she 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 235 
 
 '^'^ Hi abi sa tab-bii - u sii-mi a-na 
 
 a^icZ «/<e Gods her fatliers, ^>roc/a//?iefZ 7?i^ name to the 
 
 ^ tyj^ \- \< 14. j^yyi y? yj ^yy. ..y >.y< v -Ely v »yy^ -ey 
 
 be- lut matati ta - ai - rat Ilu- ti sa 1u -sat- gi - la 
 
 dominion of the earth. TJie return of her divinity she entrusted 
 
 ^-^i]} 15. i.:yyy ey y --y^ ^ yf <^v ^T <^' ^m 
 
 pa-nu-u a um -ma Assur-bani-pal ul -tu ki -rib 
 
 '' Assurhanipal, from the midst of 
 
 to me. 
 
 thus : 
 
 ■<\ 
 
 x^ <-r ET <m «h ^ ^]<) 10. tyyyt *^ }] ..y :^ ty 
 
 Elam (lim - 111 - ti) u -se-za an - ni va 
 
 Elani (wicked), bring me out, and 
 
 tyyyt *^ j:fi h ^ m ^TT? ^TTTT -I -^T i7. y? x^ 
 
 u -se- rab an - ni ki - rib Bit - an - na a -mat 
 
 cause one to enter into Bitanna." The ivill 
 
 m ^TTTT H -T< I ^ eTT <-T^ -eIT ^I I— ^^-ITT I— 
 
 ki - bit Ilu- ti su-nu sa ul - tu immi ruquti 
 
 commanded hy their divinity, ichich from days remote 
 
 18. -y<y^ *^- < ty? t^ey --^! ^yyT^ ^yy? -E^yy -v 
 
 igf - bu - u e - iiin - na u - kal - li - mu 
 
 again they spoke to 
 
 19. jyn -y ►^y< v ty -y< 
 
 qati Ilu - ti sa rab - ti 
 The hands of her great divinity 
 
 they had uttered ; 
 
 nisi 
 later 
 
 arkati 
 p)eople. 
 
 cey >^^ A-'ffl (ED 
 
 at - mu - uh (va) 
 / took hold of, (and) 
 
 <ty^ IeIj v-y<y ^yyy ^ 
 
 ul - lu - us lib - bi 
 rejoicing in heart, 
 
 20. ^gE £cyy H 
 
 mur - ra - an i - sir - tu 
 the straight road 
 
 21. ^yyy t:v» -^ jtyyy yT ^y 
 
 ta - az - ba - ta a-na 
 she took to 
 
236 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Bit - an - na ina arah Kisilivu immi 1 ki - rib 
 
 Bitanna. In the month Kislev, the Jirst day, into 
 
 s£<ii i'M ^w t m <v EI 23. ^ ^m A -£^11 H -^i 
 
 Aruk 11 -se- rib si va ina Bit -hi- li - an - na 
 
 Erech I caused her to enter, and in Bithilianni 
 
 -gll t£TII =<^I -^^ 24. tiTi^ ^H y iy E0 
 
 sa ta - ram - mii u - sar - mi si parak 
 
 ichicli she had delighted in, I set her up an enduring 
 
 ^11 E^II If -I< 25. ti?? y.^ i^M t> *.^ ^.^ <Z\ [EI <IeI] 
 
 da - ra - a - ti nisi va sal - lat Ekm 
 
 sanctuary. People and sp)oil of Elam, 
 
 26. -gyy ^ <iEj tyyyy ha -I <« -I ^I -I A-II -^III 
 
 sa ina ki - bit Assur Sin Samas Yiil Bel 
 
 ivhich hy command of Assur, Sin, Shamas, Vul, Bel, 
 
 ^t]B 27. -^y <v/ -gyy r^I <!eI -I £ld -H- ^III -^ -IM 
 
 Nabu I star sa Ninua II sar - rat Kit-mu- ri 
 
 Neho, Ishtar of Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 28. ►-y <\v -glT CE H <!£j H >f H <-II --I ^m 
 
 Istar sa Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, Nergal and Nusku, 
 
 A-^ ^^- -^I 29. ^yy<y 's^ ^ y? ►^y< y? -^y H y— tey? 
 
 ah - bu - tu ri -se- e - ti a- na Hi ya 
 
 I had carried aivay ; the first part to my Gods 
 
 S -^I IrBn 30. e:;^ ^\ ]>~ ty <^y ^y y? yn 
 
 as - ba - [ak T\ zabi mitpanu iz - a - lak 
 
 / devoted. The archers, footmen(?), 
 
 31. e:s? ^:III EI y? rfv e:s -III -III -lil 32. -gyy 
 
 nis um -ma- a - ni kit - kit - tu sa 
 
 soldiers and camp folio wers{f) whom 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 237 
 
 &^ m ^ET <^h -Eii <iej tiT? '.^ <;::^i El [<m] 
 
 as - lu - la 111 - tu ki - rib Elnni 
 
 / carried off from the midst of Elain; 
 
 33. tj? ^gglT <IeJ V-nT< J^ --T< ^ET{ ^TIT^ -IT- <}^ 
 
 e - li ki - zir saru - ti ya u - rad - di 
 
 over the hodij of my kingdom I spread. 
 
 34. "^n ^! -Ell --T< T? -^I ET ??< -Tly J! - [-+]_!— ^eT? 
 
 si - it - tu - ti a- na ma-ha- zi su-bat Hi ya 
 
 The rest to the cities seats of my Gods, 
 
 35. e;^ ^t<T^ T— ^ETf Eh?? eT- T— ^eI? -TIA E2U 
 
 sanuti ya nis I'abati ya gi - mir 
 
 my prefects, my great men, and all 
 
 <IEI ^n-? :=ET} 36. <^ EI tElT -T'r ^ AW W 4l-+ A 
 
 karasi ya ki -ma ze - e - ni u -za- lii -iz 
 
 my camp, like sheep I caused to overflow. 
 
 ^oi. y t-yyy « ti<y ifcy tE:s ^.^ <n et <iEy 38. -^yy 
 
 Um -man- al -das sar Elam sa 
 
 Ummanaldas king of Elam, who the 
 
 jys?^ AS; ^yiEjy— HA < H<v/ ^n? 7^ --y< ^y? -^^ ^;ii! 
 
 su- us - mur kakki Assui" va Istar daii-nu- ti e -mu- ru 
 vigour of the powerful soldiers of Assur and Ishtar had seen; 
 
 39. <ty^ -m \< A] y? ^H -yy- <m -a< i -e -gy t<:^y Ey 
 
 ul - tu sad- e a- sar mar- ki - ti su i - tu - rav -va 
 from the mountain, the place of his refuge, he returned and 
 
 40. m -II? --TI Ey cw? *} -^yy v - <!Ey ^yyyy -y^ < 
 
 ki - rib Ma - dak - tu alu sa ina ki - bit Assur va 
 
 into Madaktu, the city which hij command of Assur and 
 
 ..y <;v 41. «y *^^ igj -a -- ^jn (v. ^yy) ^ lay isj 
 
 Istar ab - bu - lu aq - qu - ru (v. qur) as - lu - lu 
 
 Ishtar I had pulled down, destroyed and carried off 
 
238 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 (Y. ^ET) iV <v ^^yy 42. tf? ^jn ^^ tyTft f- - -^IT tTTIT -<T< 
 
 (v. la) sal - lat su e - ru - iib u - sib ina si - bit - ti 
 
 Its spoil; he entered and sat i)i sorroiv, 
 
 T? jl!d <m <MtJ (-mj\) -If 43. ji '^i T .-ye ^11 -^ T— 
 
 a- sar ki lial - (le) - e su-par Nabu-bel- zikri 
 
 in a lylace dishonoured. Concerning Nebohelzihri, 
 
 -5 ts T -I I Tf ti? -^I 44. -grr ^ ]) <|^ x&\] 
 
 ablu abli Maraduk-bal- iddina sa ina a - di - ya 
 
 the grandson of Merodachhaladan ; who against my agreement 
 
 A-^ mi^'im < ^riEiiisi -ii -t< ^ei? 45. -gyr 
 
 ih - du -u iz - lu -u niri belu- ti ya sa 
 
 had sinned, and thrown off the yoke of my dominion : who 
 
 tE:;sT— *.^ d^ eT <l£j I? -^T ^TT? -j^ -T< I J=^TT IeJ -s^ 
 
 sarri Elam a - na dan-iiu- ti su is -ku-nu 
 
 on the kings of Elam to strengthen him had relied, 
 
 46. ^y f s^ M I? -^IT t^TIT « tE ::^ y ^y Ey -yy<y -siy 
 
 it - tak - lu a- na Um -man- i -gas Tam-ma- ri - tu 
 had trusted to Ummanigas, Tammaritu, 
 
 47. y sECm SIT ::^ :=: T ^^111 « m IH 48. .s;^ ]>^ 
 
 In - da -bi-gas Um -man- al -das sarri 
 
 Tndahigas and Ummanaldas, kings 
 
 elT ^n '^- JI -< ^Ik \^ <Z\ El <lEy 49. E:sf yj yen ^t]] 
 
 sa e - pu - su bi - lut Elam a - mir ya 
 
 who had ruled the dominion of Elam. My envoy 
 
 jy ^y ^^ ^ y -tya -n -^ y>— so. ^ t] -m\] ^=1? 
 
 su-parse-bul Nabu-bel- zikri ina ma- le - e 
 
 ahout the surrender of Nebohelzihri, with determination 
 
 .11= --I I? -^I< (v. ^l) pllle ey A-I im 61- ty^f 
 
 lab - ba - a - ti (v. te) u -ma- hi - ir zir 
 
 of 'purpose I sent to 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 239 
 
 T t-yn « ti<| iki y ^^ys ^n -^ y.-^ t^ s^s 
 
 Um -man- al - das Nalju - bel - zikri ablii abli 
 
 Ummanaldas. NehobdziJcri, grandson of 
 
 y HI T? - 52. y? rjii e;^ y? gll tsy? V <^ ^yy} 
 
 Mariiduk-bal-iddina a - lak a - niir ya sa ki -rib 
 
 Merodachhaladan, of the journey of my envoy ivho into 
 
 Elam e - ru - bii is - me - e va 
 
 JElam had entered heard, and 
 
 -y<T^ IeJ (v. <iEy) ^y ^yyy -^y i cs v T? -^i -- -siT 
 
 ik -ku (v. ki) - tu lib - ba su ir -sa a - na suq - tu 
 his heart ivas afflicted. He inclined to despair, 
 
 54. ^y t]]< !£yyy i ^ ^^ s»^y i <^v ^e eih ey 
 
 na - pis - ta su pa - nu - ns - su ul i - bis va 
 
 his life before him he did not regard, and 
 
 55. A->fff JT }?< <^^ (V. y-) -m ^W -|Ey 56. y; ^y 
 
 ill - su - ha me (v. mi) - tu - u - tu a - na 
 
 longed for death; to his 
 
 E:Si <IEI -ir^ ^T? EtTT Ey ^ I ►y<y^ ^ eT 57. ^.-yyy t] 
 
 ki - ze - e ra -ma- ni su ig - bi va um - ma 
 
 own armour-bearer he said also thus : 
 
 e^TT -it <ST ^ - =^1 IeJ T— 58. jy ^yyy^ b:^ m --IT 
 
 ra - si - ban - ni ina kakki su - u ki - zu 
 
 " Slay me ivith the sivord." He and his armour-bearer 
 
 I - -^ITT --y + y- ::^ I V- ^ ^ s^iTT yy (--■ -<V) -T<T 
 
 su ina gir parzil sib - bi su-nu ub - ta - te (v. ti) - hu 
 with the steel swords of their giixUes pierced through 
 
 59. y? m y>~^ y t^yyy « tT<y ih HI tyyy< t] eo. £:?; ^ 
 
 a -ha- mis Um -man- al -das ip - luh va pagar 
 
 each other. Ummanaldas feared, and the corpse of 
 
240 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T -t]B -II -y T— JT If ^T -i£ 5f<I ^ ^^]] ET 
 
 Nabu - bel - zikri an - a - tu dabtu us - iii - il va 
 that Xehohelzikri \_who~\ benefits trampled on, 
 
 61. Tf i\^ -PIT^ J:;<I E55 <:EJ -^\\ I ^H 
 
 a - di qaqadu ki - zu su sa 
 
 with the head of his armour-bearer ivlio 
 
 ^W KTI «SI) -IT V^- I - i^IlEl 62. I? -^i 
 
 u - ra - (as-) si - bu su ina kakki a - na 
 
 destroyed him with the sword, to 
 
 Ek5 Tr IeII -EI? ^I <!< EI -TIT- y ::: -EI S 1 1? <I* 
 
 a - mil' ya id -din va u -se-bi- la -as-su a - di 
 iiuj envoy he gctre, and he sent it to 
 
 -^11 -II<I -EII 63. E:s^ -. II? I? CEI <!< [I?] -^i 
 
 mab - ri ya pagar su ai ad -din [a] - na 
 
 my presence. His corpse may I not{?) give to 
 
 m ^ "IM 64. <>-H ^11 -jElI -II<I <tt -|EI ^-M -£II 
 
 ki - bi - ri eli sa mab. - ri nii - tu - us su 
 
 burial{f) more than before his death 
 
 ^I yt?!?? EI 65. tlljfzSil -^11 -a <<<< - 4^ 
 
 ut - tir va qaqad su ak - kis ina kikur 
 
 / returned, and his head I cut off; round the neck of 
 
 I --la MhVi-^ 66. e:s^ -iE EI er< I -I ti -<j£. -^ -HA -^T 
 
 Nabu-qati-za-bat mun-ma-kii' Said -mu- gi - na 
 
 Neboqatizabat the niunmakir of Sauhnugina 
 
 t;7. e;^^ -c2!I -II<I V ^T -xi< I 1} -^^i c^ m -TM 
 
 abi nak - ri sa it - ti su a - na dak - ku - ri 
 my rebellious brother, who with him to pass into 
 
 68. <.- <:n EI <IEJ ^^11 -E^TI m T? JT- 69. I ^ ^-I i:]\ 
 
 Elam il - li - ku a -lid Pa- be - e 
 
 Elani had gone; I hung. Pake 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 241 
 
 V <- A-w -jn y ^tm « ^i<j lu '^- -t? v^- i 
 
 sa ml - ill - lit Urn -man- al -das e - pu -su 
 
 who against Unimanaldas, had ruled the 
 
 ^ ^Tt^ V CI] t] <IhJ '1- --^! A^ -IT- -T IhJ T---- 
 
 be- lut Elam na - miiv - rat kakki 
 
 dominion of Elam, the terror of the poicerfid 
 
 HA < ..y <^// -y -'^yy --y< '2. ^yy y i yy i yyy i 
 
 Assm^ va Istar iz - zu - ti sa edu su sanu su salsu su 
 
 soldiers of Assur and Ishtar, who the first, second, and third time 
 
 73. A-^yyy n^yy ^-y<y 
 
 ill - su - us 
 covered him, 
 
 74. <f^ ^1 <Tji ^n? 
 
 ul -tu ki - rib 
 from the midst of 
 
 ^^- s <--id ^^' <:^y ^y <^ 
 
 id -bu-ku eli Elam 
 
 had trampled over Elam 
 
 va ir - sa - a di - ib lib - bi 
 
 and he trusted to the goodness of my heart, 
 
 Elam 
 Elam 
 
 ^^ -^xi] ^y ^y 
 
 in -nab-tu va 
 he fled and 
 
 saru - ti ya 
 my kingdom. 
 
 Bit - im - bi 
 Bitimhi, 
 
 Dur - sar 
 Dursar, 
 
 76. tTH T- 
 
 msi 
 The 
 
 78. 
 
 75. ^y -.^y ^yyy <^yy 
 
 iz - ba - ta niru 
 took the yoke of 
 
 -t.\^^] ^^^^ <y^ -gn 
 
 niul - tab - di sa 
 people, sinners of 
 
 77. --yy ieJ <n; vy {^m ^^ 
 
 Ku - zur - te (- ya) - in 
 Kuzurtein, 
 
 :yy ^y .^yy .^y ^-yy V- ^ ^y} 
 
 Ma- su - tu Bu-be- e 
 
 Masutu, Buhe, 
 
 79. -^yy ^yyyy y^yu }} in^r -^yy ^m y<yMy<y ^^yy ^ 
 
 Bit - un -za - ai Bit - ar - ra - bi 
 
 Bitumai, Bitarrah. 
 
 2 I 
 
242 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 80. ^^yi tU -TT" -^TT HH S^ eIT 1^11! * Jl^ 
 
 Ip - rat Za - gar sa Ta - pa - pa 
 
 Iprat, Zagar of Tapapa, 
 
 81. ^^n ^a + tE --'T -^TT -TT ^111= <!eJ ^ e^TT 
 
 Ak - bar - i - na Gur - u - ki - ir - ra. 
 
 A kharina, Guruhirra, 
 
 82. .-TT ^1 m ^ HV >f '^TT })< ET -^ 
 
 Du - un - nu - sa -mas Ha - ma - nu 
 
 Dun nushamas, Hamanu, 
 
 83. -tiT -tid ^ t^-S=^ -^n <MT<T H -IT^ ^^T? *^ 
 
 Ka - ni - zu Ar - an - ze - e - se 
 
 Kanizu, Aranzese, 
 
 84. ^clT -n <!eJ tSTT Tr ^T< -^H -i^-^r ^T "iTT ! -IT eT T- 
 
 Na - ki - da -a- ti Timin-ut sa Si -ma- mi 
 
 Nakidati, Timinut of Simami, 
 
 85. ^tlT ^rilT T ^T -Sm tET -T< -^TT ^IT T <M 4s T? !? 
 
 Bit - qa - ta - at - ti Sa - ki - sa - ai 
 
 Bitqatatti, Sakisai, 
 
 86. ^^TT -^1] -^i 4 -Tf -tyy <m -I<I ^T?? --I s?. -gyT - 
 
 Zu - ba -he- e Tul -hu - un - ba sa ina 
 
 Zuhalie, and Tulhunha, ivho in 
 
 E?K ^y|<y x:t]} -Bll -IT<T -T? "gTI -Ey ^ H -y Igf y— HA 
 
 gar - ri ya mail - re - e sa la pa- an kakki Assur 
 my former expedition, from the face of the powerful soldiers 
 
 88. <y^iaj H <Y/ m -^ (^T!T^) -T< s£=m tx:} ^^y 
 
 va Istar dan-nu- (u) - ti in -nab- tu 
 
 of Assur and Ishtar fled and 
 
 89. ty -^y ^EEy \^ (v. .^yy) jsi ^m ^sy ^yy<y ^.^ ^yyy^ ^yy^ t>^ 
 
 iz- ba - tu Sa - al -ad- ri sad- u mar- zu 
 
 took to Salodri, a rugged mounfaiii ; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 24 
 
 Q 
 
 nisi sa-a- tu -nu sa ina Sa - al -ad- ri 
 
 those 2^^^P^^ "''*^ ^^^ SaJadri 
 
 91. \- (V. V ^) -TIT- ^TI la '^ Tt -^! -TT? "5^ ^I< I -Ttt 
 
 sad (v. sa-clii) - u is-ku-nu a- na dan-nu- ti sa- uii 
 
 the mountaui Jixed their stronghold, 
 
 92. ^YY^ (y. -!T<T) -TT<T -!T<T HA < H <V/ -II T— -^I? 
 
 nam (v. ri?) - ri - ri Assur va Istar beli ya 
 
 the terror of Assur and Ishtcw my lords 
 
 5,y ^y<y ^^ j ^ ^y< 93. <^]^ -^T <^ -It Tt 5^H 
 
 is - hu - ub su-nu - ti ul - tu sad- e a - sar 
 
 overwhelmed them ; from the mountain the i^lace 
 
 ^TT- m H< I -Try 5^^ J^^'t ^t <:^t ^t 94. ^y -^y -^T 
 
 mar- ki - ti su- un in -nab-tu- niv -va iz- ba - tu 
 
 of their refuge they fed and took 
 
 <^yy ^^y^^ y^ ^y ^y i^] -B C^ I ^ H< ^^- ^Tt -^TT 
 
 niii ya a- na mitpanu ak - zur su-nu- ti e - li 
 
 my yoke; to the how I appointed them, over 
 
 m ^-W ^:m i^W) -<< -£Tt 96. EiT A\\- ^\ IeU -W 
 
 ki- ?ir sai-u- (u) - ti ya sa u -mal- lu - u 
 
 the body of my kingdom which filed 
 
 qatu (v. qa - tu) - u a u - rad - di 
 my hand I spread. 
 
 Extract from K, 1364. 
 
 a. I ^1 t] -m ^1 ^:^M— I m^ I -<^ -nn -^t I 
 
 Tam-ma- ri -tu ahi su qi -nu su ziri bit abi su 
 
 Tammaritu, his brothers, his kin, the seed of his father's house, 
 
244 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <MeIJ -TTTT Tf [-£^11 -- ^Tn I] *■ -EI ^ -I 
 
 va rubi a - [li - kut idi su] la pa - an 
 
 and the princes going [before him] ; from the face of 
 
 In - da -bi-gas ardu su in -nab-tii va iz - ba - ta niru 
 Indabigas his servant fed, and took the yoke 
 
 Sv^ H< ^m t:^ Tl m ttW c. M) ^T T? 
 
 saru [-ti ya] a - mir ya su -par a - lak 
 
 of [m^/] kingdom. My envoy concerning the journey of 
 
 M ^I ^] ]] <cT.^ ^r <l£l ^IT? -^IT M V H T? ^T 
 
 Na - na - a ul - tu ki - rib Su - sa - an a - na 
 
 Nana from the midst of Shushan to 
 
 ^<2<iT m v, [<i* ;-^ <::r et <ieJ] d. y? ^t 
 
 Aruk a - [di Elam] a - na 
 
 Erech; to [Elam] to 
 
 T ^^rlTT « ^m t^TT -TT si^?? *-^ <:^T t] <IEJ Se £T I ET 
 
 Um -man- al - da - si sar Elam as- pur su va 
 
 Ummanaldas king of Elam I sent him., and 
 
 .<^T^ mmmmmm «• t>- <v ti -s^ ^ <iej s^tii --]& 
 
 ul ****** sal - si -a-nu ina saplita Nabu 
 
 he did not [grant it ?]. A third time in obedience to Nebo, 
 
 ^m ti^s --TT— -Til -^T< V <:= V- < -vn -tt<t -th 
 
 ablu sar Hi kap - ti sa lab - bu - u nam - ri - ri 
 
 son of the king of the Gods, mighty, clothed ivith terror, 
 
 T? -^i ^^^ [<:rT ET <iei >=i<j ifcj] / <v -^n t— ^m -^ -<v 
 
 a - na [Elam al - lik] 14 alani dan-nu- ti 
 
 to [Elam I went] ; fourteen cities, stro7ig, 
 
 ^^tU >£:w -^T< I -Ttt^ &c. See Cyl. a, col. VI, line 27. 
 mu- sab saru - ti su- un, &c. 
 seats of their jvyalty, &c. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 245 
 
 Epigraph over Warrtors Destroying a City, and 
 Carrying off Spoil. 
 
 Ha-ma-nu alu sar - u - ti sa Elam 
 
 Hamanii the royal city of Ela^n, 
 
 ^m T- ^<^ ^T -^- s m -EI tv ^.^ -^TT ^^T m -b -tt 
 
 al - mi aksud as - lu - la sal-lat su ab - bul aq - qur 
 
 I besieged, I captured, I carried off its spoil, I pulled down, destroyed, 
 
 ^ ty >f .Q ^ 
 
 ina isati ak - mu 
 and in thejire I burned. 
 
 Epigraph over King receiving Prisoners and Spoil. 
 
 1- T? -^T © T -]A ^ \] « I « ^^* HA <l£j 
 
 A- na -ku Assur -bani-pal sar kissat sar Assur 
 
 / am Assurbanipal, king of nations, king of Assyria ; 
 
 2. w - [<m -Tin -I A <] -I t^t] tTiT -T<^ I =^I 
 
 sa ina [ki - bit Assur va] Belat ik -su-du 
 
 2vho by the \jwill of Assur and^ Beltis, has taken 
 
 t-^ t:iii I- -11- ^iii ^ I 3. -tTi <w a^ la^] 
 
 zu - um - mi - rat lib - bi su Di - in - [sar] 
 
 the desire of his heart. Dinsar, 
 
 -^11 "ill ^<* <n EI <IEI 4. ^Kf [M -B LEI ^I] 
 
 alu sa Elam al - [mi] ak - [su - ud] 
 
 a city of Elam, I besieged, I captured, 
 
 ruqubi 
 
 war 
 
 ^Tt>* f^III 
 
 >— < 
 
 ^"^ x^ ^^ir T— 
 
 zu - um - 
 
 bi 
 
 susi 
 
 chariots. 
 
 
 horses and 
 
246 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 pare [u - se - za] - av - va sal - la -tis 
 
 mules, I brought out and as spoil I 
 
 =^ M 
 
 am - [nu] 
 counted. 
 
 K, 3404, Variant Passage for Cylinder A, Column VII, 
 
 Lines 19 to 27. 
 
 Dur - un - da - si alu saru - [ti su ak -su-ud] 
 Durundasi, his royal city, I captured, 
 
 b- T -n ^T T- TT ;^T T- <^h ^W mil * -Hf <T- i^ligl 
 
 edin immi sanu immi ul u - qi pa - an - si * * * * 
 One day, two days, I did not move, the face * * * * 
 
 ina immi su va e - bir nalir 14 alani, &c. 
 
 In those days, across the river, fourteen cities, &c. 
 
 K, 3062. 
 
 [Zalam . Tarn -ma- ri - tu] arku - [u] 
 
 \_A statue of TanimaritiC] ' the later, 
 
 b- mi - <m -!TTI] HA [<] -K'rV c. [<^]^ ^|ET 
 
 [sa ina ki - bit] Assur [va] Istar [ul - tu 
 
 [ivho by command^ of Assur [ctnd^ Ishtar, [^from the 
 
 <m -TT?] ^.^ <:rT ET <IEJ t£=ffl ^^} ^T E! '/. [<=ETT ^eT? 
 
 ki - rib] Elam in -nab-tu va [niri ya 
 
 midstl^ of Elam fled, and my yoke 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 247 
 
 iz - ba] - tu e - pu -su arda - u - ti [ul - tu 
 
 took, doing homage to me ; Ifrom the 
 
 <m ^n;] ^.^ <rT eT <:ej ;.i<j xy y, y? ^] - ^.y^ <Tgy 
 
 ki - rib] Elam al - qa - a a - na Assur 
 
 rnidst'] of Elam I brought to Assyria. 
 
 f- [J?/ <t^£^] T - m -^^^ ^iss x^ <z\ er <iej h -i- < 
 
 zalam Hal- lu - su sar Elam an-nu-u 
 
 [A statue] of Halludus king of Elam, the one 
 
 9- ["eiT T? -^w \^ --\A <IeJ -t<^ *^- ^ -^yy -!<yA -m 
 
 [sa a - na] Assur ig - bu - clu li - mut - tu 
 
 [who against'] Assyria had devised evil, 
 
 h. [<-t]d T] H <« A- T— -i^TT « X* -lA <l£j tt] ^Ey 
 
 [eli] Sin - ahi - irba sar Assur abu abi 
 
 lagai7ist] Sennacherib ling of Assyria, the grandfather 
 
 ^ tt]] i. M? ^^ I tt]\ m m^ j- -t]d I ^yy 
 
 bani ya [e - bu] -su zi - lu - u pu su sa 
 
 my begetter, he had made ivar. His mouth, ivhich 
 
 J^TI ^ -T t^^ -iS <2I ^. -^I^ r— I ^IT 
 
 is - ni - iz - zu ak - kis sapti su sa 
 
 * * * * , ^ cut off; his lips, which 
 
 ig - ba - a mi - ri - ih - tu ap - ru - uh qati su 
 
 spoke defiance, I tore out; his hands 
 
 -w vTi? -]]<] ^T ^rr ^r <sr -r -^r ^r m. y? ^-y 
 
 u - kar - ri - it sa mitpanu iz - ba - tu a - na 
 
 / cut off, ivhich the bow had held to 
 
 ^ -y<y tsyy \- ^-w <m "• Tf -^i c^yy -er -e&yy 
 
 mit - hu - zi Assur a - na da - la - li 
 
 f9^^i Assyria. For the exalting of 
 
248 ASSUKBANIPAL. 
 
 ttyyy :^^ ^y< ..y^ < ..y <m ,. _y y.„ 
 
 ta - us - ti Assur va Istar Hi 
 
 the will of Assur and Ishtar, the Gods 
 
 ti - ik - li ya ina babi * * * * va di - du 
 
 my protector's, in the gate * * * * * * * 
 
 * * * * sa ki - [rib] * * * * 
 
 * * * * which is 171 [Nineveh. ?]. 
 
 Extract from Dispatch of Officer to King. K, 10. 
 
 a. £^-y ty; >^ v - <n [eT <!ej -T<T^] j^TIT ^- 
 
 De - e - mn sa Elam ig - ta - bu 
 
 News of Elam they told 
 
 b. i:zm B] T -^TIT « ^ ti V, U} h -Wj E!:TT 
 
 um -ma Um -man- ni -gas ablu A -mi - dir - ra 
 
 thus : " Ummannigas son of Amidirra 
 
 si - bii a - na eli Um - ma - hal - da - a - su 
 
 a revolt against Ummancddas 
 
 d. cE ^^y v^^ s^y <ty^ ^igy yj j^ ^y<y ^y .y<y ^y e. y? <y:|r 
 
 i - te - pu - us ul - tu Hu - ut - bu - ut a - di 
 
 has made. From the Huthut to 
 
 -tyy ??< T? I^ tSTT ^ ^I -T< I / ^I E^ITT <T- ^T --TT 
 
 Ha - ai - da - nu it - ti su it - ta - si iz - zu 
 
 Haidanu with him he raised, strongly. 
 
 T -m El - ^n n i 9- b:^ ^y? -^ <iei kiej ^b 
 
 Um -ma-bal- da - a -su e -mu- ki su ki - i 
 
 Ummancddas his forces then 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 249 
 
 u - pah - hir a - du - u ina eli nahr a - Da 
 
 gathered. Now across the river in 
 
 -- tElT '•• T? ??< I'- ^! ^] m^ T --! V ?? 
 
 tar - zi a - ha - mis na - du - u Ba - sa - za 
 
 front of each other they are 'placed" Basaza 
 
 j. V W -^\ m\ ET- ^ ^- i^W i^^T -II I "v^ 
 
 sa a - na e - kal as - pu - ra de - en su-nu 
 
 ivhom to the palace I send, their news 
 
 k- ??< -yT<T '=! - -m tv ^ A-\ -m I 
 
 ha - ri - is ina e - kal Hs - ha - al su 
 testifies; in the ixdace may he inquire of him. 
 
 K, 2664 AND K, 3101. Vaeiaxt for Cylinder A, Column VI, 
 Lln'e 43, TO Column YII, Line 19. 
 
 a. <<< #« ^^ :p ;s-T ^jn b. <TEj tiT? X- <:rT £T m 
 
 60 kas-pu qaq-qa- m ki -rib Elam 
 
 Sixty Jcasjnc of ground within Elarn 
 
 u - sah - rib dab - u ebiltu hasasu 
 
 / laid waste, destruction, servitude and drought 
 
 e. m^ !^HI '^T- H< -^^f ^] I m f- H -^T -^T U 
 
 u - sap - pi -ha zir - us -su- lui Na - na -a 
 
 / ijowed over them. Nana 
 
 9- "glT T <T- W T- <« T? H 'A' -^^ H ^T T— 
 
 sa 1,535 sanat an - na - i 
 
 ivho 1,535 years 
 
 ta - as -bu- su (v. su) va tal - li -ku tu - si -bu 
 
 had been desecrated, had gone, and dwelt 
 
 2 K 
 
>r<T^? y— 
 
 ^' »^Ttt 
 
 arkuti 
 
 qati 
 
 people. 
 
 The hands of 
 
 250 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <l£j AV^ \^ <:rT £! <IeI j. tETTT T? If -TT- H --T< V 
 
 ki - rib Elam ta - ai - rat Ilu - ti sa 
 
 in Elam. The return of her divinity 
 
 tu -sat- gi - la pa-nu-u a a -mat Ilu- ti sa sa 
 
 she entrusted to me. The will of her divinity, which 
 
 <tT^ ^^1 ^] y^ y^iTi ]^^ t^ -s^. < m. tf? t^-£T ^T 
 
 ul - tu immi ruquti tag -bu -u e - nin - na 
 
 from days remote she had uttered; again 
 
 tu - kal - li - ma nisi 
 
 she spoJce to latei 
 
 H ^T -^r T? H t:^^ --Id 4i (v. H ^TTT^ <:: Tf ^<^ 4i) 
 
 Na-na-a Uzur-amat sa (v. U - zur-a-mat- sa) 
 
 Narwiy Uzuramatsa 
 
 0. H t<2<lT <IeJ I? J? -E -^T (v. H <Kn<T -^H T? T? >=£ ^T) 
 
 Ilu Arka - ai - i - tu Ilu ar - ka - ai - i -tu 
 
 the Erechite God, 
 
 at - mu - uh va, &c. 
 / took hold of and, dc. 
 
 Extract from K, 2631. 
 
 \2.)]Sm^] H ►!<! -m <f^ £SS ^T? -ET -^ -TTr'= 
 
 Ku-dur- na -an - hu - un - di E - la -mu- u 
 
 Kudurnanhundi the Elamite 
 
 %]] i^ t<yy H r— El- T— -ET [V M -T<T e|] 
 
 sa ni - is Hi rabati la [ip - lu - hu va] 
 
 who the ivorship of the great Gods did not \_fear~\, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 251 
 
 sa ilia sa-ne - e de - e -mi a- na e -muq ra -ma- ni 
 who in an evil resolve to his own force 
 
 I [^I s£TTT mm] i-t. ]} ^] <« ^TT<T -Tf -T< 
 
 su [it - ta - ki - lu] a - na es - re - e - ti 
 
 [trusted] on the temples of 
 
 \^ 'miv m jttt -m ^i ^ m- et ^tit^ i> ^v -m 
 
 Akkad qat su id -du- u va u -sal- pi - tu 
 Akkad his hands he had laid, a7id he opijressed 
 
 x< ^Var <^ i^^^ 15. ^r T— A-TT M -W 
 
 Akkad * * * * immi im - lu - u 
 
 Akkad [liana he carined off{f)~\, the days ivere full, 
 
 uk - ki - pa - a dan - nu Hi rabati ip - se - te - e 
 
 exti^iguished {?) was power, and the great Gods [these~\ things 
 
 iilie^ii 16. !? ^T T< T< T S^ <W -^ H -'T T— 
 
 ***** a-na2 nir 7 sus 1 5 sanat an - na - i 
 
 [sai(/']. For two ner seven sos and fifteen years 
 
 tv :?j ^:^v ESS ^}] -ET T- mmMmmm 17. j:et? r? ^t< 
 
 sapliti(?) E - la - mi ***** * ya -a- ti 
 
 under the Elamites [she remained. The great Gods~\ of me 
 
 T HA ^_ ]] -m- ^ ^I I -!?? y? -^I 4i s^ A-^ 
 
 Assur-bani-pal rubu pa -lah su- un a - na sa - pa - ah 
 Assurhanipal the prince their ivorship)p)er, to overwhelm 
 
 ^ m^B 18- ^W ET AH =m < 8*^ :«: ET cf ^ 
 
 * * * * u -ma- hi - ir - u in - ni va kakki 
 
 [Elam'] they sent me, and soldiers 
 
 *~ I ^\ >f^'^ss■f?'.•<^•n<.■<^r;•i^^■f^<.<^■7^•'>'S■f^■>•■ 
 
 la pa ***** * 
 not ****** 
 
252 ASSUKBANIPAL. 
 
 K, 359. Letter from Ummanaldas to Assurbanipal. 
 
 1- 44f T -m « m m ^TT ti^S *.^ <Z] ET < 
 
 Sar Um -man- al - da - si sar Elam 
 
 From Utnmanaldas king of Elam 
 
 2. T? -^I T H4 ^^ ]} !£hS <^ H4 <l£j M < <r* -^ 
 
 a- na Assur-bani-pal sar Assur lu -u salim-mu 
 
 to Assurbanijxd king of Assyria, Peace 
 
 3. I? ^i Ess^ tt]] !£TTT -IT* EhS eT- t^I -^r Tf T? 
 
 a - na ahi ya altu ris nis Mar - te - na - ai 
 to my brother, from the first the Marteni 
 
 4. A--ITI -i< ^1 nu ^in^ ^-m -^id r --i^^ -ii -^ i— 
 
 ill - ti - id - du u - nik - ka Nabii-bel- zikri 
 
 had sinned and fought (J) Nebohelzikri^ 
 
 6- H -^Hf -I<T -EI -^KSH tv^ < cs A-^ ^I< ^ ii <gl 
 
 a-na a-hu-la na - az zii -u-ni bir - ti * * * 
 to get atvay, they were flying (?) by the border * * * 
 
 6. 4i^B --]< ^ <::t eT <Iej y-T<T 4s -I A -e MMm 
 
 bir - ti Elam us - sa - an - hi - i * * * 
 
 the border of Elam ***** ^^^ 
 
 7. ^! STT T? ^4 -ET iBV] IH ^M EcTT eT Tf 
 
 id - da - a - ti at - ta tas - sap - ra va - a 
 forces do thou send, for 
 
 T -!* -II '^ T— 8. V ;=: -ET tSK ?? -< 
 
 Nabu - bel - zikri se - bi - la az - za bat 
 
 Nebobelzihri to surrender I took 
 
 T -^yj^fz -11 ^j— *^-T<T -TT ^^T -^H 9- t:^, 
 
 Nabu -bel- zikri us - si - bil ka nis 
 
 Nebobelzihri I ivill surrender to thee. The 
 
ASSURBAXIPAL. 253 
 
 -TF VT ^) If T? £TT -Sm -]]i^ T H * -II >^ I— 
 
 Mar - te - na - ai sa ultu ris Nabu - bel - zikri 
 
 Marteni who from the first Nebohelzikri 
 
 10. Tf -^! ^.^ C11 £T <IeJ -^T ^m. t^^ 
 
 a - na Elam na - az - zu 
 
 ^0 Elam in flight 
 
 u - zu - ni * * * ni nisi ya i - ba - as - si 
 
 fled * * * * my j:)eop?e Z>ei?i<7 
 
 V - <-tu Tf T — wmmB ^ 12- - '^TiT ^^n^— 
 
 sa ina eli me * * * * ni ina lib uzni 
 
 over against the unter * * * * * into the interior of 
 
 I -s^ ^1} -^ y- \ tv ^y .yy<y ](?) 13. - -^rf -t] A -TT<T 
 
 su-na e -tar-bu * sal(?) id(?)- ri(?) su(?) ina La -hi- ri 
 
 their ears entered the same * * * * in Lahirl 
 
 ^T t'^^^s t-^ m- ET T? 14. tTH I— tE -^r S^ <T" 
 
 it - tab - zu - u va-a nisi i - ba -as-si 
 
 they urged. Now the people being 
 
 -II !£Tri -T<T T- I -7^ 15. Tf !?=HJ ^T - <-^UA I -^ 
 
 adi ta - bu - mi su-nu a- sap -par ina eli su-nu 
 
 in their 7ieighhourhood I sent against them 
 
 ^^n— -ET? 16. V A-TiT m -nr^ ^>et ^ - 
 
 ardi ya sa lb - du - u - nin - ni ina 
 
 my servants^ ivho sinned against me in 
 
 m I -^ -W ET A-\ \m\ 1- t!2^ ET - \^ ttV^M-^ 
 
 qati su-nu u -ma- hi - [ir] sum -ma ina mati ya su-nu 
 
 their hands I p>laced ; ichen in my country they 
 
 T IE! ^- JTn I ^ ^W Wmm iS- <T-IeII -Ji^ ET 
 
 ana-ku ina qati su-nu u * * * * va sum -ma 
 
 were I in their Imnds * * * * * * and ivhen tlie 
 
254 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Tf B^]} i^m t£T !£m -Tw mmm 19- - *ttt ^ 
 
 nahr e -tab- ru at - ta - ri * * * * ina lib - bi 
 
 river they crossed, I * * * * * m ^Ae midst 
 
 I -j^ -TT<T tE --T <WeII <l£j £T H^Hii 20. HI ^ 
 
 su-nu ri - i - ba va ki - ma ***** ip - sat 
 
 of them strife and * * ***** the ivork 
 
 ardi sa ina eli ***** 
 
 of the servants luho against ***** 
 
 Date on Reverse. 
 
 -^} jy ^T « ?R ^^ <T- -^ T -]^ « ^ T— [I] 
 
 arab immi 26 lim-mu Nabu-sar- ahi - [su] 
 
 Month 26th day eponym Nehosarahisu 
 
 The cause of the second war with Ummanaldas was probably 
 the refusal of the Elamite king to deliver up the image of the 
 Goddess Nana, which we are told (K, 1364) Assurbanipal sent to 
 demand. This image, according to the various accounts, had been 
 carried off by Kudur-nanhundi, an early Elamite monarch, and 
 had remained either 1635 or 1535 years in the hands of the 
 Elamites ; and therefore the date of Kudurnanhundi must have 
 been about B.C. 2280 or 2180. In this campaign, Assurbanipal 
 completely conquered Elam, and destroyed the city of Shushan. 
 It is very doubtful if the affair of Nebobelzikri, Cylinder A, col. vii, 
 line 43, belongs in any sense to this division of the annals ; for 
 the other inscriptions mention the embassy to Elam to demand his 
 surrender as being at the beginning of the reign of Ummanaldas. 
 The letter of Ummanaldas on the subject is included in this division 
 in illustration of Cylinder A. 
 
 The Ummanigas son of Amidirra is, I believe, the same as 
 the Ummanigas son of Umbadara ; but his revolt probably took 
 place at the beginning of the reign of Ummanaldas. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 255 
 
 The king Halludus, whose statue was carried away and muti- 
 lated, must have reigned during the last years of Sennacherib ; the 
 form Hallusi is another example of ^1 or WD becoming D ; the name 
 is sometimes written in the Susian Inscriptions Y >-»- TgJJ ^j ^^Y 
 Hal-lu-du-us. 
 
256 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART XII. 
 
 The Arahian War. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of the Arabian War are Cylinder A, col. vii, line 97, 
 to col. ix, line 112 ; Cyhnder B, col. vii, hne 87, to col. viii, line 57 ; 
 K, 2802 ; K, 3096 ; and K, 5G2. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column VII, Line 97, to Column IX, Line 112. 
 
 97. ^ ^] !!? !=!? Eu< ^n<T m] ^ET m ^\av, m} 
 
 I - na 9 gar - ri ya ad - ki umman ya 
 
 In my ninth expedition I gathered my army^ 
 
 98. t:^^f T m^ ni? VI AH tl:s ^-^ T? -TW ^ 
 
 zir U - ai - te - eh sar A - ri - bi 
 
 against Vaiteh king of Arabia 
 
 99. 5^T ^T <« ^ EtTT A* &TT ^ "iTf - T? <T^ sT? 
 
 us - te - es - se - ra mur - ra - nu sa ina a - di - ya 
 / directed the march, ivho against my agreement 
 
 100. A"ffl m < '!E «^T? V- .^T S^T -£T ^T <:^ ^TTI'^ EI 
 
 ih - du - u dabtu e - pu - su - us la iz - zur - u va 
 had sinned; the benefits done to him he did not regard, and 
 
 101. ty ^El I? s^IlElIIgl -II (^ITH ^I< ^EI? 102. £TI 
 iz - la - a niru bel - (u) - ti ya sa 
 
 threw off the yoke of my dominion. When 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 257 
 
 HA ^Vj h =^T ^ (v. I) i^E JT m «T V (T?) JfH 
 
 Assur e - mi - dii - us (v, su) i - su - du ab - sa - (a) - ni 
 Assur had set him up to perform my p>leasure, 
 
 103. T? ^i V A-] ^m <?^{?}} T- (v. <ct) tET? <^TT I 
 
 a - na sa - ha - al siil - mi (v, me) ya sepu su 
 
 to seek my alliance his feet 
 
 HI ^JII t-Vl ET 104. ^y<y^ .ty y? j^yyy ^yy^ -<y< 
 
 ip - ni - us va ik - la - a ta - mar - ti 
 
 broke off, and he ended his 
 
 « t^yy -ey j^yyy i -^u ^m -^T (v. -m) 105. m -^ 
 
 man- da - at - ta su ka - bit - tu (v. tu) ki - i 
 
 presents and great tribute. When 
 
 \^ <-Z] ey <iEy jsyy ^ -v Etyy ]} ^y< <.< '^^ m 
 
 Elam da - bab sur - ra - a - ti Akkad 
 
 Elam ivas speaking sedition with Akkad, 
 
 ^yy y^ ey loe. ^t] ^y t^s Etyy yf <y^ tt]} 
 
 is - mi va la iz - zu - ra a - di - ya 
 
 he heard and disregarded my agreement. 
 
 -t]\ y? -y< y --]a ^ T? 107. sEss m <?f -tt<t ^t? i 
 
 ya-a-ti Assur-bani-pal sar sangu ellu re - e -su 
 
 Of me Assurbanipal, the king, the noble i^riest, the 
 
 -V\A t-t] -^ < 108. - ^ ^£iy jyn H4i ^yyy^ + -<^ 
 
 mud - nin -nu-u bi-nu- tu qati Assur u -vas- sir 
 
 powerful leader, the ivork of the hands of Assur, he left 
 
 ►^y ^ t] 109. y? -^y y yf ^ tt]} ^4 A-^ U}!}-^ ^^ 
 
 an - ni va a - na A - bi - ya - te - eh Ai - mu abli 
 
 me, and to Abiyateh and Aimu, sons of 
 
 y ^y A-\ -n<i 1 1 0. ty? -^ <m ^t -r< i -^ -t< y? -^y 
 
 Te- ha - ri e -mu- ki it - ti su-nu- ti a-na 
 
 Tehari, his forces with them to 
 
 2 L 
 
258 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ri - zu - ti 
 the help of 
 
 111. y v-y e\ -<^ >^ -yy^ ^y 
 
 Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 Saulmugina 
 
 ■^^ ^tm -TT<T ^TT EV £T 112. ^TT s^TTT ^^ ^T- ^e I 
 
 aM nak - ri is - pur va 
 my rebellious brother he sent, and 
 
 nisi A- ri -bi 
 
 The ^jeople of Arabia 
 
 113. 
 
 ^y A-TiT ^m -^} --T ^iiT 
 
 va ill - ta -nab- ba - ta 
 and carried away the 
 
 is - ta -kan pi - i su 
 set his face. 
 
 ^ T ^T< I m^ ^TTT- <^K 
 
 it - ti su u - sam - kir 
 with him he caused to revolt, 
 
 114 ^T<T ^^ ^T ^THT— 
 
 bu - bu - ut nisi 
 plunder of the people 
 
 sa Assur Istar va Hi rabati 
 
 whom Assur, Ishtar, and the great Gods 
 
 ii5.^y<T<tin-:?p 
 
 id -din- u - ni 
 had given me, 
 
 j^Iell "^TT ^] ^T? ^T- I 116. <T-M -TTT^ ^^ M m 
 
 riu - si - na e - pi -su va u - mal - lu - u 
 
 their government 1 had ruled, and they 
 
 luere 
 
 in 
 
 ;s-y .££y < y, ii7. ^ <^ s^niT -TA < H <',7 
 
 qa - tu - u a ina ki - bit Assur va Istar 
 
 my hand. By command of Assur and Ishtar 
 
 iM 
 
 r At? -ET? 
 
 ■TT4 &TI Vi 118. 
 
 umman ya ma gi - ra - a 
 rtiy army in the region of 
 
 A] r? }? <KIT<T H 
 
 A-za- ar - an 
 Azaran, 
 
 -t.]] A e::!T ;£Tn TI ^T Tr TI T? ii9- - -^TT ^TTT^^ t^ T- ^ 
 
 Hi- ra - ta -a-qa-za- ai ina U -du-miina 
 
 Hiratagaza, in Edom, in the 
 
 ^ ^TT? -::TT ^£T? ^^] ^JOI ^ 120. - -xTT ^TTTT T ^^ ET £»? 
 
 ni - rib Ya - ab - ru - du ina Bit - am -ma- ni 
 
 neighbourhood of Yabrud, in Beth Ammon, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 259 
 
 •T -TTA «=!? "grr -::TT n< -m- -TT<T ^] 121. ^ 
 
 ina na - ge - e sa Ha- u - ri - na ina 
 
 in the district of the Hauran, in 
 
 -^TT -^ A-\ Tf -^I - -^]] 4S AH <KTr<T -n<T 
 
 Mu- ha - a - ba ina Sa - lia - ar - ri 
 
 Moah, in Saharri, 
 
 122. ^ ^-yy H< <T-TT<T -ITA ^Tf ^ ^I -ITA ^^T? V 
 
 ina Ha - ar - ge - e ina na - ge - e sa 
 
 in Harge, in the district of 
 
 Zu - bi - te 
 Zohah. 
 
 Column VIII. 
 
 1. <W -W !£!n I £T A-! ^ El -^! T? -Tf^ - -EI T- ^ 
 
 di - ik - ta su ma- ha - at - tu a-duk ina la mi- ni 
 His numerous Jighting men I slew icithout number, 
 
 ^ .y A->m 2. <y^ <y^ i ^y?} y.>^ v y? ^yy<y t^ t\ -t] ^y '^y< 
 
 as- kun abikta su nisi A- ri - bi ma- la it - ti 
 
 J accomplished his overthrow. The 'people of Arabia, all who with 
 
 I SkT -^^ < t^ 3. i.yyyt e^yy (^:sr) V ^ ^] m T— 
 
 su it bu-u-ni u - ra - (as-) sib ina kakki 
 
 him came, I destroyed ivith the sword; 
 
 <MEU Ji m- -Ey ^ --y 4. ^y igf y, ]4i tyy? -^ h< 
 
 va su - u la pa -an kakki Assur dan-nu- ti 
 
 and he from the face of the powerful soldiers of Assur, 
 
 IdJ ^y -JII Ey sECm -^y ^yyyy 5. y? ^y ^jn <iEy ^y? ^y< 
 
 ip -par-sid va in - na - bit a- na ru - ke - e - ti 
 
 fled and got away to a distance. 
 
260 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cnyy t^^', ^<6 ctyyy ^yy ^y< e. -^ v :=: I ^ 
 
 bit - zin zir - ta - ra - ti mu - sa - bi su - nu 
 
 The tents, the pavilions, their dwellings, 
 
 t;^cy m- V A -T --IT -H^ >^ - H'=T*f 
 
 kamu u - sa - hi - iz - zu ik - mu ina isati 
 
 a jive they raised, and hurned in the Jiames. 
 
 7- r ^W THf *^! AH ET "m m -^T A4f AS; jr et 
 
 U - ai - te - eh ma- ru - us - tu im - har su va 
 Vaiteh, misfortune happened to him, and 
 
 8- ty? y <y^ i ^grm -^y ^ yyyy y? -^y ^<^ ^y -^y ]} ]} -a< 
 
 e -dis- si su in - na - bit a - na Na - ba - ai - ti 
 
 alone he fied to Nabatea. 
 
 9- T m^ T? T? ^T AH -E T \}< ?? -T e:5S^ -eJ 
 
 U - ai - te - eh ablu Ha -za - il ahu abi 
 
 Vaiteh son of Hazail, brother of the father 
 
 10. -gyy y ^yyy^ y}yf *4 AH ^s T A-=e h A4f [eyy 
 
 sa U - ai - te - eh ablu Bir - vul [sa 
 
 of Vaiteh son of Birvid, ivho 
 
 E-yy] « I 11. ^yy lEj ^ yj ^y ^:^ ^y< \- yj .yy<y ^ 
 
 ra] -man su is - ku -nu a - na saru - ti A - ri - bi 
 
 himself appointed to the kingdom of Arabia; 
 
 12. HA s£hS [H T— ] V* -ITT^ Ey- tyyyt ^^y [ty? ^] 
 
 Assur sar [Ih] sad- u rabu- u de - [e - mu] 
 
 Assur king of the Gods the strong and mighty, a decree 
 
 13. tyyys v H ^ Ey [^^yy ^E^yy] ^^ti y? <y^ 
 
 u - sa - an - ni va [il - li] - ka a - di 
 
 repeated, and he came to 
 
 -mi -TT<T ^Ey? 14. yf ^y ^<^ ^^ t^yyy ^^^y ^y< -^y^ 
 
 mah - ri ya a - na kul - lu ta - us - ti Assur 
 
 my presence. To satisfy the law of Assur 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 261 
 
 [<him -] I— £T- 1— 15- -II !— tET? <]^ -^ -II -^T 
 
 [va] Ili rabati beli - ya de -nil kap- tu 
 
 and the great Gods my lords, a heavy judgment 
 
 tT -< -^]] ET 16. A <i- m^ im * -i4->m b et 
 
 iz-bat SLi va si - ga - rii as- kun su va 
 
 took him, and in chains I placed him, and 
 
 ^I -T< T? -IT IH !eI 1-- <r-TI<T IeJ *^- I M\ eT 
 
 it - ti a - si kalbi ar - ku - bu - su su va 
 
 icith asi and dogs I bound him, and 
 
 ^W V -T ^^-yTT< I 18. t.^\ ty £<<<<:? -^IT -2i<I <IeJ 
 
 II - sa - an - zir su babi rabi qabal Ninua 
 
 caused him to he Jcept in the great gate in the midst of Nineveh 
 
 ^ sTI? >f -m -<1< ^ET -^T !? -<T< 19- <MeD JT -W 
 
 Ni - rib bar - nak - ti ad - na - a - ti va su - u 
 
 Nirih-barnahti-adnati And he 
 
 T ^^ >^ -EI iW « *-^ <IEI ^I -IM 20. ^y ^tiT r^-i 
 
 Am -mil- la - di sar Ki - id - ri it - tu - bU 
 
 Anwndadi king of Kedar, brought 
 
 I? -^I -< -M (^^-M) tm ^:ffi l~» ^^ ^11- -£11 <!eJ 
 
 a- na mit- liii - (uz) - zi sarri Hatti 
 
 to fiy^^i i^i(^ kings of Syria, 
 
 21. V -I A < -KV/ -II— EM— -IIT^ <" -114 M 
 
 sa Assur va Istar Ili rabati u -sat- gi - lu 
 
 whom Assur and Ishtar the great Gods had entrusted 
 
 ^ ^ < y? 22. ^ ^ ^T< ..y^^ .^y«< ..y^y ..y ^j^ 
 
 pa-nu-u a inatiigul- ti Assur Sin Samas Yul 
 
 to me. In the service of Assur, Sin, Shamas, Vul, 
 
 -tin -tifif 23. H<',v £ii ^^kieI -I au -II- 
 
 Bel Nabu Tstar sa Ninua II sar - rat 
 
 Bel, Nebo, ■ Ishtar of Nineveh the divine queen of 
 
262 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 Kit-mu- ri 
 Kitmuri, 
 
 Nnsku 
 and Nusku, ■ 
 
 24. .^T<\v -giT - H<^ H+ H<-1T 
 
 Is tar sa Arba- il Ninip Nergal 
 
 Ishtar of Arbela, Ninip, Nergal 
 
 25. <T^<T^ I ^ ^yA">fflf V T? I 
 
 abikta su as - kun sa - a -su 
 
 his overthroiu I accomplished. Himself 
 
 .fcy^ inEi i^^T<y >-^TT ^I '^I< :i^ [T? <T* tef? T?] 26. tv^ET 
 
 bal - du - us - su it - ti [A - di - ya - a] allat 
 
 alive ivith \_Adiya] the ivfe of 
 
 T ^W TJ T? yy A-T « -^ If -TM ^ 27. ^y --T -^I <;rT £1 
 
 U - ai -te- eh sar A- ri -bi iz- ba - tu -niv-va 
 
 Vaiteh king of Arabia, they captured and 
 
 ^W =^^T < ^ T? <T* -^11 -TT<T f £1? 
 
 u - bil -u- ni a- di mab - ri ya 
 hrought to my prese7ice. 
 
 28. >- <IEI ^]m 
 
 ina ki - bit 
 By command 
 
 -IT— £M- 
 
 Ili rabati 
 
 of the great 
 
 -III— tET? <tT^ 
 
 beli ya ul 
 
 Gods my lords. 
 
 li kalbi 
 
 tf^i^A ^Ae dogs 
 
 29. se ^lA-^m I ET s^iTT- V H ^-m< JT <T- ^TTr^ "m 
 
 as - kun su va u - sa - an - zir su si - ga - ru 
 / p)^^^^^^^ him, and I caused him to he hept chained. 
 
 30. ^ <IEJ tiHT HA H <V/ < -II— EM— -III— tEl? 
 
 ina ki - bit Assur Istar va Ili rabati beli ya 
 
 By command of Assur, Ishtar, and the great Gods my lords. 
 
 31. 
 
 32. 
 
 sa A-bi- ya - te - eh Ai -mu abli Te- he - ri 
 
 of Ahiyateh and Aimu sons of Tehari, 
 
 ElT 1} -^T -II<I t-^ «) -m I H ^I -<^ -^ -HA ^T 
 
 sa a- na ri - zu -(u)- tu Saul -mu- gi - na 
 
 who to the help of Saulmugina 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 263 
 
 EhS^ -t'^ -rT<T 33. )] ^] ty? f yi? t:^j h exyy <igf 
 
 ahi nak - ri a - na e - rib Bab - ili 
 
 my rebellious hrotJier to enter Bahylon 
 
 ^^i^]] -E^yy IeI 34. ^yy<y tsyy ^]\ \ ]} ^]v <y-^ <y- i 
 
 il - li -ku ri - ze - e su a-duk abikta su 
 
 \cent ; his helpers 1 slew, his overthroio 
 
 gz .y^^yyy vyy ^y .^gy ^y< 35. T m ^TI? 
 
 as - kun si - it - tu - ti sa ki - rib 
 
 / accomplished. The remainder u'ho into 
 
 Bab - ili e - ru - bu ina su - un - ki 
 
 Babylon entered, in ivant and 
 
 36. .y<y ^-}t}W, 4 -T? l£j IgJ i=^-< T? H< I— 37. y? ^y 
 
 hu - suh - hi e - ku - lu seri a- ha- mis a - na 
 
 hmiger eat the flesh of each other. To 
 
 JT -^TT fc* -n-^^ -tr^ I -^ <-v -m <m -tt? 
 
 su - zu - ub napis - ti su - nu ul - tu ki - rib 
 
 save their lives, from the midst of 
 
 t^; H E^yy <i£y 38. ^yyy^ t-^ <;ry ey (ess) 
 
 Bab - Hi u - zu - uiv - va 
 
 Babylon they came out, and 
 
 e - mu- ki ya sa ina eli Saul - mu - gi - na 
 
 my forces ichich around Saulmugina 
 
 39. "pyyri^ V- V SfF (tETD Tf -^ <T- <T- I ^TT leJ -s^ ET 
 
 sak - nu sa - ni - (ya) - a - nu abikta su is - ku - nu va 
 were placed, a second time his overthroiu accomplished ; and 
 
 40. jy tyyyt cy? y HI ^y -in Ey y? ^y jy -^yy t* 
 
 su - u e -dis ip -par- sid va a - na su - zu - ub 
 
 he alone fl^d, and to save 
 
264 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 -TT^ -t^A^ I 41. 8.T -^T -E^T <^yT ^eTt -TI<T ^1} -^ 
 
 napis - ti su iz - ba - tu niri ya re - e - mu 
 
 his life took my yoke. Favour 
 
 <y..yy<y <y. jy ty 42. yif <y^ ^y? ^ ^yy H !— eT-T— 
 
 ar - si su va a- de - e ni - is Hi rabati 
 
 / granted him and an agreement to ivoi^shij? the great Gods 
 
 ^W V tS»: <2m: I ET 43. IeJ tryyy y tyyy^ y? n yy a-'\ 
 
 u - sa - az - kir su va ku - um U - ai - te - eh 
 
 I caused him to swear, and instead of Vaiteh 
 
 ^ ^^ ^ 44. y? ^y ^:;^ (tyyy^) ^y< x< y? -yy<y - 
 
 ina * * a - na saru - (u) - ti A- ri -bi 
 
 or anyone, to the kingdom of Arabia 
 
 gE -iA->fflf El 45. <y-^ jy tyyyp ^y ^y< 
 
 as - kun va va su - u it - ti 
 
 / appointed. And he with the 
 
 x< ^y -^y y? y? j£yyy \} y? 46. ^y c£ i ^yy -y^^m 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ta - ai pi - i su is - kun 
 
 Nahateans his face set, 
 
 ey c^ ^yi H T— ei- T— -et Idj ^TIT< sy 
 
 va ni - is Hi rabati la ip - luh va 
 
 and the ivorship of the great Gods did not fear, and 
 
 47. A^-m t^lIT ^^? -^I i^TTT -T<T '^- ^T <-^ v-TTT< ^^^ ^eT? 
 
 ih - ta -nab- ba - ta hu-bu-ut mi- sir mati ya 
 carried aivay the p)lunder of the border of my cou7itry. 
 
 48. - IS ^T< HA H«< H^T HA4f -^m -^]B 
 
 ina tugul- ti Assur Sin Sam as Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 In the service of Assur, Sin, Shamas, Vtd, Bel, Neho, 
 
 49. H <\7 ^TT -KT <IhJ H ^H -TT- ^TTT ^ -TI<T 
 
 Istar sa Ninua H sar - rat Kit - mu - ri 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 265 
 
 50. -^y <',7 ^IT t^ H <IeJ H + H <-TT -T *IeJ 
 
 Istar sa Ai^ba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, Nergal and Nusku, 
 
 51. r ^I CET -^ sIkS ^-^ ^! --T }} T? -T< "gll It eiti I 
 
 'Na-ad-nu sar Na - ba - ai - ti sa a- sar su 
 
 Nathan king of Nahatea, whose j^^^^^^ '^^^^ 
 
 rii - u - qu sa U - ai - te - eh a - na 
 
 remote, of ivho7n, Vaiteh to 
 
 -Bll -TT<T I tE^ tt} ^i (v. ttyyy) 53. t^yy y^ ^y? ey 
 
 mah - ri su in -nab-tu (v. ta) is -me- e va 
 
 his presence (had) fed; heard also 
 
 Kyy ^y _y ..y^ -gyy ^yyy^ ^^ ^ ..y (v. y^ ^ 
 
 da - na - an Assur sa u - tag - gil an (v. a) - ni 
 
 of the power of Assur who protected me : 
 
 54. -gyy t] yy (v. ^v) ^y? ey y? ^y ti^s? T— ^e! T— ^eT? 
 
 sa ma-te (v. ti) - e ma a- na sarri abi ya 
 
 who in time p)ast to the kings my fathers, 
 
 55. £hs ^} ieii I -£T ^n ^- e^tt -et ^it (a-d t? ^ 
 
 a - mir su la is - pu - ra la is - (ha) - a - lu 
 his envoy did not send, and did not seek 
 
 (v. t^t) 56. jy ^t s£:sf -T< I m - ^- '=nT< -T< 
 
 (v. lu) su - lum saru - ti su - un ina pu - luh - ti 
 
 alliance tvith their kingdom ; in fear of the 
 
 ^] M (T— ) -]^ 57. ^fid <i- ^ -<v mmm 
 
 kakki Assur ka - si - du - ti * * * * 
 
 soldiers of Assur capturing * * * * 
 
 ►ty 4-y £^ ty t^yy ^-^y y? ^ty 58. ^y t^t ^:s ><T< ^eT? 
 
 ba - qa - av -va is - ha - a - la su - lum saru - ti ya 
 
 he tore and sought alliance with my kingdom. 
 
 2 M 
 
266 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 T I? ;=; ttVi VI Ar-I 59. tf r VI AH (-10 -II<! -eT 
 
 A - bi - ya - te - eh ablu Te - he - (e) - ri la 
 
 Ahiyateh son of Teheri did not 
 
 mm £:?S^ -iE -t] -^I v-III< 60. £i ^ .^ly.^ Ei^I- ^ 
 
 * * * * dabtu la na - zir ma-mit Hi rabati 
 
 * * * benefits, disregarding the oath of the great Gods, 
 
 ^TT ir -V £tTI If --I< ^I -<T< tEl? 61. ^I V- tt^ EI 
 
 da -bab sur- ra -a- ti it - ti ya id - bu - ub va 
 
 seditious ivords against me he spoke, and 
 
 ^h -£ I ^I -<!< T ^I -EI ^ 62. « V -^i -^l T? If -^V 
 
 pi - i su it - ti Na - ad - ni sar Na - ba - ai - ti 
 
 his face ivith Nathan king of Nabatea 
 
 t^II -IA->fflf El e:s ^If -^ <IeI I -7^ 63. ^I IeJ < :^ 
 
 is - kun va e -mu- ki su-nu id -ku-u-ni 
 
 he set ; and their forces they gathered 
 
 I? -^I ^I< tU t^ <MH If -^I <tt v-III< -Elf 
 
 a - na ti - ib limut a - na me - sir ya 
 
 to commit evil against my border. 
 
 64. ^ <iEi tiiii HA H«< H^T HA4f --III -tie 
 
 ina ki - bit Assur Sin Samas Vul Bel Nabu 
 
 By command of Assur, Sin, Sha^nas, Vid, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 65. --I <\v ^11 tiHi <IEI H SU -II- -HI -^ -TM 
 
 Istar sa Ninua II sar - rat Kit - mu - ri 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh the divme queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 66. H <V/ "gll tt -I <IEJ -I >f -I <.fcll H S^IeI 
 
 Istar sa Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arbela, Ninip, Nergal and Nusku, 
 
 67. ^f Alf -Elf ^EI <IEI i^V^f I If - CElf VI A-I 
 umman ya ad - ki zir A - bi - ya - te - eh 
 
 'iny army I gathered; against Abiyateh 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 267 
 
 C8. 5^1 yy <« ^ ErTT A^ £-TI -s^ T? a >f >f^ ^ 
 
 US - te - es - se - ra mur - ra - nu Idikkal 
 
 / directed the march. The Tigris 
 
 69. «I-^) Vi a ^T ^? -Tni <IeJ - T? ^Tlf <T- ^T (-^ <H 
 
 (va) Purat ina meli si - na (gab- si) 
 
 and the Euphrates in their flood {strong) '"^Tf' 
 
 ^. y._ (V. tv T^ t^yy) lai < tT? - ^jn 70. c^ c;^y !=Tyr= 
 
 sal- mis (v. sal -mi- is) lu -u e -bi- ru ir -du - u 
 
 peojcefully they crossed, they marched, 
 
 M A "^m ^-^^ < -<v ^T? -< m A} ^T mn 
 
 ur - hi ru - qu - u - ti e - be - lu e - te - [lu] 
 
 a distant pt^^^ ^^^V took, they ascended 
 
 71. AS; V Tif £??: V ^- --T< A--TTI -n<T M v- 
 
 bar - sa - a - ni sa - qu - ti ib - tal - lu - bu 
 
 the lofty country, they passed through 
 
 ^] ^»=???? [I—] 72. >gyy iVgE jyc <y^ ^y ^e^p I 
 
 kisti sa zu - lul si - na rap -su 
 
 the forests, of ivhich their shadoiv ivas vast, 
 
 2 w- 2 - -211 ty y>^ th y— -yy A ^T t^S 73. f y c^k ^i^yyy y.-^ 
 
 bi- rit izi rabati gi - iz - zu ****** 
 
 bounded by trees great and sto^ong, and vi7ies(?) a 
 
 4i^ E^yy H ^] ^T <i^ ^]} ^T 74. ty? ^y ^y -y< -^ 
 
 mur - ra - an iz - id - de - e -tu e - te - it - ti - qu 
 
 road of mighty luood. They went 
 
 y ^y._ ^.< >!f- yj ^y ^.^ -yyy y»- 75. ^yy? ^yy? -y< 
 
 ana nakiri Yas a- sar zu - um -mi dan - dan - ti 
 
 to the rebels of Vas, a place arid and very difficidt, 
 
 sa izzur same la ****** imiri 
 
 where the bird of heaven had not ****** ivdd 
 
268 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 t^^T ^y y._ jf. jp y_ ^gy ^.yyy. .^y] ^_y ^ ^ ^yyy ^ 
 
 zini la [u - ba] - hu - u ina lib - bi 
 
 asses they found not in it. 
 
 77. T T- ^-^-i^^] ^jra <tr^ ►EiT tKT <IeJ 78. -tiT 
 
 100 kas- pu qaq-qa- ru ill - tu Ninua alu 
 
 100 haspu of ground, from Nineveh the city 
 
 na - ram Is - tar hi - rat Bel zir 
 
 the delight of Ishtar, wife of Bel; against 
 
 (V. £^TE£?) y s.yyy^ yif y? yy a-T « *^ n -TH ^ 
 
 (v. arku) U - ai - te - eh sar A - ri - bi 
 
 (v. after) Vaiteh king of Arabia 
 
 80. i^m T y? t^ m} ^i A-\ ^i -^T< (ehs) -t? "^ <i£j 
 
 va A-bi- ya -te - eh it - ti e -mu- ki 
 
 and Ahiyateh with the forces 
 
 81. £:fs (v. ^^) ^I --T TH? s£ni T? T? ^^Tl -eSTT -^H 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ta - ai il - h - ka 
 
 of the Nabateans, they went. 
 
 (y. IeI) 82. c^ t^I -TTT- r.^Tr -^IT ^ - -^? t^^^^^l 
 
 (v. ku) ir - du - u il - li - ku ina arah Sivanu 
 
 They marched and went in the month Sivan, 
 
 ^-} ►^«< 83. t£ -^yy:^ ^y< ^y? y? v -TT<T ^] elT 
 
 arah Sin ablu ris - te - e a - sa - ri - du sa 
 
 the month of Sin the eldest son and first of 
 
 -tm m 84. ^y « v/ t=E V STT -!<T V H -^ <:= 
 
 Bel immi 25 sa da - hu sa be - lat 
 
 Bel, the ttventy-seventh day, on the festival of the lady of 
 
 ^t^] >^yE^yy<lEy ss. ^^tl ^m -T< --TT— em— 
 
 Bab - ili ka - bit - ti Hi rabati 
 
 Babylon, the mighty one of the great Gods. 
 
ASSUKBANIl'AL. 2()9 
 
 86. <cy^ -£gl (V. j^ni) ^t]] ]}< ErlT ^EI tHTlT T? ^ET -eE! *^-!!1< 
 
 ul - til (v. ultu) Ha- da - at - ta -a at- tii - zir 
 
 From Iladatta I departed; 
 
 87. >- ^t}] >E! -!!<! tIJ E?!T ^IHT seI^ "g!! =Tf ^? (-JII) T — 
 
 ina La- ri - ib - da bit - diir sa abni 
 
 in Lar'ibda a tower of stones, 
 
 88. ^ <-^H t^^^ t^ -^T !? :fl= V T? T~- ^eT t^m <T* 
 
 ilia eli gii - iib - ba - a - ni sa me at - ttx - di 
 ove7^ against lakes of water; I pitched 
 
 5^y « ^ 89. ^yAi; ^Efr T?I— T? --^I + -^1< '^I< I -^ 
 
 us -man-ni iimman ya me a- na mas- ti - ti sii-nu 
 
 my cam}). My army the ivaters for their drink 
 
 ^^>^ V- t] 90. :w ^T < ^>^TT -^n lEf ^ ^ 
 
 ih -bii va ir - dii - ii il - H - ku qaq - qar 
 
 desired, and they mnrched and luent over 
 
 tv^ s^in h (v. <tt) ]} s£H ^m ^m ^T< i'l- Tf <Ti^ 
 
 zu - um -mi (v. me) a- sar dan -dan- ti a- di 
 
 arid ground, a 2:>lace very difficult, to 
 
 ^^yy ^y<y e^yy -yy<y - y ^ m -^TT tt\} <y--yy<y <^ 
 
 Hu - ra - ri - na bi - vit Ya - ar - ki 
 
 Hurarina near YarJd, 
 
 92. <]^m -^!T T? T't sIU -Ey - *.^ + se ^jii ^jn < ^ 
 
 va Ai - al - la ina Vas as - ru ru - u - qu 
 
 and Aialla in Vas, a place remote, 
 
 93. y? ^id -yyy- Ey ^^ ^^^^) -Ey tu -^y (S;) jt < 
 
 a - sar u -ma- am zin la ib - ba - (as) - sn - u 
 a place the beast of the desert was not in, 
 
 94. <y^^ ^y<y h -]} -ei -e '^yy:?= ^^e (v. -ctl V-) m ^ 
 
 va izzur same la i - sak -kan (v. ka -nu) qi -nu 
 and a bird of heaven had not fixed a nest. 
 
270 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 95. 
 
 96. 
 
 abikta I 
 
 The overthrow of the 
 
 sa - am -mi- ill halu(?) 
 
 Isammih, the servants 
 
 sa A - tar - sa - ma - ai - in va (v. va) 
 
 of Adarsamain, and the 
 
 b:^ ^T --r Tf T? t^rif If T? 97. gE ^!A«W ^T?? T— 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ta - ai as - kun nisi 
 
 Nabateans I accomplished. Peojole, 
 
 imiri gammali 
 
 asses, camels, 
 
 (V. aj.^iEU4r}) ^H y- (V-H) -iSTT r?^ - -ET T- ^ 
 
 (v. zeni) hu - bu - (us -) su - nu ina la mi - ni 
 
 their plunder i7inumerable ; 
 
 98. 
 
 <T-M 
 
 --11 ^ Y 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 va 
 
 ze - e - 
 
 ■ ni 
 
 
 and 
 
 sheep. 
 
 
 ah - bu - ta 
 / carried away. 
 
 100. :^ < 
 
 lu - u 
 
 inarched 
 
 99. JKJ ^ V 
 
 i - tu - ru - niv - va 
 they retui'ned, and 
 
 ^TT -m < T? I— « ^ -If 
 
 is - tu - u me sar - be - e 
 they drank ahmidant ivaters ; 
 
 nrr ^ ^- ^ ^I ^JII ^I AI? tEl? 
 
 8 kas - pu qaq - qa - ru umman ya 
 Eight Jcaspu of ground my army 
 
 ^I -TM -El IeJ t^ T iv r^ 
 
 it - tal - la - ku sal - dis sal - mis 
 victoriously, peacefully 
 
 101. 
 
 - 
 
 -^!T T{ Tf m - 
 
 m]} 
 
 ina 
 
 
 Ai - al - 
 
 li 
 
 in 
 
 
 Aialli 
 
 
 
 102. 
 
 s^iiT "^ny 
 
 (c^) 
 
 
 
 ultu lib 
 
 - (bi) 
 
 
 
 from the midst of 
 
 <II I? I? ^I<I 
 
 Ai - al - 
 Aialli 
 
 gll I? <I* -tii 
 
 li a - di 
 
 :^:^ (EtII) tElI ^r< 
 
 Qu - (ra) - zi - ti 
 Quraziti. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 271 
 
 103. R{ ^ y^ :f ^I ^jn ]} tEH :>S t^TTT T- s^H! ^IT? -T< 
 
 6 kas-pu qaq-qa- ru a- sar zu - um -mi dan -dan- ti 
 SIX kctspu of ground, a 2^^((<^g arid and very difficult, 
 
 104. ^ t;^ < ^vyy ^^gyy jgj ^^ ^_y ;^ ^gyy 
 
 ir - dii - u il - li - ku lui - In sa 
 
 they marched and ivent The icwshippers (?) of 
 
 H Tf -^ 4S ET I? I? ti^m 105. <r-iEU EhS -IT! £^IT I? y? 
 
 A-tar-sa-ma- ai - in va Kid- ra - ai 
 
 Adarsamain, and the Kidri 
 
 V T ^W I? T? ^I A-T 106. eg y ^t^ ^ ^.yy 
 
 U - ai - te - eh abiii Bir - vul 
 
 of Vaiteh, son of Birmd 
 
 (v. y ^ttE t^IT ti] £?TI) tE^m ^-" T? -n<T :^ ^KJ T- 
 
 (v. Bii^ - da - ad - da) sar A - ri - bi al - mi 
 
 (v. Birdadda) king of Arabia, I besieged ; 
 
 107. .^n— I :h^ I t-tU— I :>^T -^TT IeII v^ I 
 
 Ili su ummu su hirati su allat su qi -nu su 
 his Gods, his mother, his ladies, his ivife, his kin, 
 
 108. tTf? T— ^.^ <IEJ cTI? -tU -t] ^ t<T^ T— 
 
 nisi mati ki - rib ka - la - mu imiri 
 
 the peoiDle in the midst all, the asses, 
 
 109. £<TS y? «T -^T I— <MeII -t\] ^]\ ^ i lo. ey -t] 
 
 gammali va ze - e - ni ma- la 
 
 camels, and sheep ; all 
 
 - m -<]<-] A < -]<^ -m— tB]} iii.^y<y^jy^yy 
 
 ina tugul- ti Assnr va Istar beli ya ik - su - da 
 
 in the service of Assur and Ishtar my lords my 
 
 <yy <y:^ ^ A-y 
 
 Di - mas - qa 
 to Damascus 
 
 JTtt T? T? a* 
 
 
 ^^" 
 
 qata ai mur 
 
 - ra - 
 
 an 
 
 hands took. 
 
 The 
 
 road 
 
272 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 112. tTTT»= V S; <!eI -^1 *^ *^- ^1 I ^n? -^? t^tl -:r? 
 
 u -sa-as- ki - na se - pu - us-su-un arah Abu arah 
 / caused their feet to take. In the month Ah, the month 
 
 tth-] <a 113. fS:^- H«< ^i -jn -£ET ^y ttt^^ 
 
 kakab bam bintu sin qa - sit - tu immi 3 
 
 of Sagittarius daughter of Sin, the archer ; the third day, 
 
 ^ ^ ^EiT 114. -giT sE^m -TT— -K::^! <tT^-EEl 
 
 nu -be- tu sa sar Hi Maruduk ul - tu 
 
 the festival of the king of the Gods, Merodach, from 
 
 ^-TT <I^ + ■2^1 115- K! -m '^-W !?? ^ V- =F ^I mi 
 
 Di -mas-qa at- tu - zir 6 kas-pu qaq-qa- ru 
 
 Damascus I departed. Six kaspu of ground 
 
 >- ^^^ <T- -^T -^tl -EI V 116- <T-TT<T <\^ A\ £T 
 
 ina mati si - na ka - la sa ar - de - e va 
 
 in their country all of it I marched, and 
 
 m IfcJ I? <H?= -^IT <MU -T<T -£^11 ^V 117. >~ 
 
 al - lik a - di Hul - hu - li - ti ina 
 
 ivent to Hulhiditi. In 
 
 ^^iT (V. \^) -T<T -SK m -an -^t ^-^ m^ ^v t^s 
 
 Hu - uk - ku - ru - na sad - u mar - zu 
 Hiihhuruna, the rugged mountain, 
 
 118. e:;s ah M e!T T T? ^ ^eT? *^1 A-] -^ 
 
 ha - lu sa A - bi - ya - te - eh ablu 
 
 the servants of Ahiyateh son of 
 
 T vl A-} -n<T 119- '-" m E^TT I? n -S JT ^T (v. ^^ffl) 
 
 Te- ha - ri Kid- ra - ai ak -su-ud (v. sud) 
 
 Tehari of Kedar I caiotured; 
 
 i^iV I Se '-]A-^ 120. gE MI -EI I^- ^-^ -.£11 
 
 abikta su as - kun as - lu - la sal - lat su 
 
 his overthrow 1 accomplished, I carried off his spoil. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 273 
 
 T T? ti tm VT 4H T TH? -^ 121. ts T *^y ^^^ -TTKy 
 
 A-bi - ya - te - eli Ai -mu abli Te - ha - ri 
 
 Abii/ateh and Aimii, sons of Tehari, 
 
 - m ^m HA < -K'rV -in— ttvi 122. - 
 
 ina ki - bit Assur va Istar beli ya ina 
 
 hi/ command of Assur and Ishtar my lords, in the 
 
 £<2<<:? ^] \]< -TT<i -^K m <-:<-} ^w ^] ^m >- m -^t< 
 
 qabal tarn- ha - ri bal - du - sun u -zab- bit ina qa - ti 
 midst of battle alive I captured in hand. 
 
 123. m < <^TT ^ -1T<T ^T H + tt] <\^ I r?^ ^T< 
 
 qati va sepi bi - ri -tu parzil ad - di su-nu- ti 
 Hand and foot in bonds of iron I placed them, 
 
 Column IX. 
 
 1. ^y ^y< tv *.- ^-_ I i=y?j ti<j j-y g: i ^^ ^y< 
 
 it - ti sal - lat matisu- un al - qa - as -su-nu- ti 
 With the spoil of their country I brouyht them 
 
 2. y? -^y ^^ H4 <IeI -iE tx:} ^v ^yy -t] ^ ->-\ 
 
 a - na Assur mun - nab - ti sa la pa - an 
 
 to Assyria, The fugitives, icho from the face of 
 
 ty m T— ^£T? 3. ^m tt] -mi IdJ --T -T<T eT ^ T --T ^T 
 
 kakki ya in -nab- tu ib - ba - hu va iz - ba - tu 
 
 my soldiers fed, ascended (?) and took to 
 
 4. V -y<y t:Sii m 'Un ►^y **" tyir- -it- t-^^ 5. - 
 
 Hu - uk - ku - ru - na sad- u mar - zu ina 
 
 Hukhuruna the rugged mountain. In 
 
 La - an - ha - ab - bi * * * * ru * * * * * an 
 
 Laanhabbi * ^^ ^i - * * * -■■ >•- 
 
 2 N 
 
274 
 
 ASSUKBANIPAL. 
 
 Lines 7 to 25 are lost, only tlie following ends of eiglit lines 
 remain : — 
 
 * ^ u * * u va * * la * * su-nu 
 
 * * * * * * and * * * * * them 
 
 e- ms w] -n^ ^ f mm l^ib t? -]\ ->^ t— 
 
 * * iz - zi -tu * * gammali 
 
 * * strong * * camels 
 
 9- ?^'^>^'$.<^'^>'^'^^-^^^ *^^ 
 
 ****** qu 
 ****** * 
 
 26. ^]^ ] 
 alpi 
 oxen. 
 
 ****** su 
 
 ****** * 
 
 c^TtE \ ^} }' 
 
 gammali 
 camels 
 
 ze - e - ni imiri 
 
 sheep, asses, 
 
 27. I? y m -^T t^TT M :^ < =T? ^- -£T T- ss 
 
 a - mi - lu - tu is - lu - lu - u - ni ina la mi - ni 
 and men, they carried off imthout number. 
 
 28. ^IT A IdJ ^^" -tid -ET -^ n -^T -TT siH -<T< I 
 
 si - hi - ip matu ka - la - mu a - na si - hir - ti su 
 The sioeeping of all the country through its extent, 
 
 29. t-TTT tSTT =I<J IeU < If -^T <V OT -TM V 
 
 um - da - al - lu - u a - na pat gim - ri sa 
 they collected through the whole of it. 
 
 gam-mal - i kima ze - e - ni u -par- ri -iz 
 sheei^, 
 
 Camels 
 
 1 
 
 like 
 
 I 
 
 distributed and 
 
 31. m^ }\ A--} ==! Tf ^i ^T?n— ^<^h^<:ej 
 
 u - za - hi - iz a - na nisi Assur 
 
 caused to overflow to the iK^ople of Assyria 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 275 
 
 32. xy ^i^y^ ^y< \^ -t]} ^y£E y} ^^] --T ^3. + 
 
 qa - bal - ti iiiati ya gammal 4 * * 
 
 dwelling in my country. A camel for half a shekel, 
 
 ilia J * * kas - pi i - sam - mu ina bab ma - hi - ri 
 in Imlf shekels of silver, they valued in front of the gate; 
 
 34. t'-^ ^T -^ - =w: ^T ^ £3S :^si^T!?T - ??< ^ s^n 
 
 zu -ud-mu ina ni - id - ni nakini(?) ina ha -be- e 
 
 the spoil{?) in the sale of captives among the strong 
 
 35. 
 
 
 ****** sa pa - hir ina ki - (i) - si 
 
 ****** ivhich ivere gathered in droves. 
 
 da - na - ha - ru gammali 
 
 im 
 they bartered 
 
 a - mi - lu - tu 
 men. 
 
 ESS T? -TT<I - 38. 
 
 A- ri -bi 
 Arabia7is, 
 
 camels 
 
 va 
 
 and 
 
 37. T -TTT- TH? ^T A--! T? <T* 
 
 U - ai - te - eh a - di 
 Vaiteh and the 
 
 •gn T? <Tj?= t£!? -^Id H^H^^ 
 
 saa-di-ya * ***** 
 who my agreement * ***** 
 
 39. 
 
 !yy ^^y ^ .^y ^y 
 
 sa 
 
 la 
 
 pa 
 
 an 
 
 kakki 
 
 Assur bcl [ya] 
 
 ivho from the face of the soldiers of Assur [^my] lord. 
 
 ip 
 
 par - SI 
 fled 
 
 [du] va hi - nab - tu - ni 
 
 and got away; 
 
 u - sam - kit Ninip qar - du su - un - [ki 
 
 Ninqj 
 
 the 
 
 warrio ) • ( le strayed, 
 
 su 
 in 
 
 ivant 
 
276 
 
 ^- ^^ ^]r< --} 
 
 bu - bu - ti Dap - 
 
 [cmd famine their 
 
 43. T? ^T 1^- -TT<T [I ^ ^\} IeJ] IeIJ ^=A-^ -S T— I ^ 
 
 a- na bu - ri [su-nn e -ku]- lu seri mari sii-nn 
 
 for their food they eat the flesh of their children. 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 
 
 ^.- .-^11] ^W: 
 
 ^IT V 
 
 m\ ET 
 
 sat su] - un 
 
 is - sa - 
 
 - kin va 
 
 lives~\ wen 
 
 '■ spent, 
 
 and 
 
 ina ar - ra - a * * * * 
 
 With a cu7'se{?) * * * * 
 
 tT} <T!^(?) ^K?) <Tj|=(?) K?) -3^(?) 
 
 :Id 
 
 di 
 
 id 
 
 di 
 
 SU - nu 
 them 
 
 St. '^.■^>t. "^t. ■iSsr.'iSN" ■>• 
 
 * * * * 
 
 * * * * 
 
 -TT (^- -an) 
 
 gagara (v. ru?) 
 
 ***** 
 
 
 45. ^ tniT --!A fET [-1 T— ] <TK?) -^ I -j^ -<!< 
 
 ina bit Assur abu [Hi] lim(?) mu su-nu- ti 
 
 m ^/le /lotise o/" Assur father of [the Gods^ * * * them 
 
 4G. 
 
 47. 
 
 48. 
 
 HA 
 Assur 
 Assur, 
 
 H <'tV 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 Sin Samas 
 
 aSwi, Shamas, 
 
 Ninua 
 
 Yul 
 Vul, 
 
 Bel 
 
 Nabu 
 Nebo, 
 
 sa 
 
 II sar - rat Kit - mu - ri 
 of Nineveh, the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 sa Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 of Arhela, Ninip, Nergcd, Nusku, 
 
 40. ^^y .0 ^jn .^yy ^ ^jn ^y^ <^ igj <n so. - <^^tl 
 
 ba - ak - ru su - hi - ru alpu zenu ina eli 
 
 camels (J) strong, oxen and sheep>, more than 
 
 7 ta - a - an mvi- se - ni - qa - a - ti 
 seve?i ^Ae sacinfccrs 
 
 TTY 
 Y 
 
 e - ni - qu - u 
 sacrificed, 
 
 va 
 
 a 
 
 /^tZ 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 277 
 
 51. <^ ty ^^ .£| tyyyc j?=idj ^^- < -cfci ^ <4iy 
 
 si - is - pu la VI - sap - pu - u ka - ras sun 
 for eat'uKj they did not eat their carcasses. 
 
 52. ty{? y^-^ *.- y? ►yy<y - y ^n yj -^y y ^n 
 
 nisi A - ri - bi edin a - na edin 
 
 The people of Arabia one to another, 
 
 ^TT t£TTT ^1 A-T T? -^^ T? ?{< T-— 53. t-yyy gy 
 
 IS - ta - na - ha - a - lu a - ha - mis um - ma 
 
 addressed each other thus: 
 
 ^ <^^fcy <CE s^ ty? <^ t£ idj *^ ^^y 54. ^ J^ -£iT 
 
 ina eli me - ne - e ki - i ip -se- tu an - ni - tu 
 
 " Concernimj the number of these evil thinys, 
 
 <y-IH ^T A-TT -T<T ^jn ^<^ ]} -yy<y t^ 55. ^-yyy ^y ^ i 
 
 limut -tu im - hu - ru A- ri -bi um -ma as-su 
 
 which ho.ppened to Arabia, because 
 
 a - de - e rabati sa Assur la ni - iz - zu - ru 
 
 ^/ic ^^'eai agreements with Assur ive have not regarded; 
 
 56. Cfr AHIT HIET m^ - 4E T -lA =F^ Tf 57. 5£PS 
 
 ni - ih - du - u ina dabtu Assur -bani-pal sar 
 
 and we have sinned against the benefits of Assurbani'pal, the king. 
 
 ■y t<^y ^yyy - ^tyii ^yyy 58. h t-t\ m -TT<T A4f -^T 
 
 na - ram lib - bi Bel Belat ri - im - tu 
 
 the delight of the heart of BeV Beltis the consort of 
 
 -tyii^yyy ^t ^y< 59. ^cH ^yyy? -y< ^t -t] y? -y< 
 
 Bel - i - ti . ka - dir - ti i - la - a - ti 
 
 Bel, the guardian of divinity; 
 
 60. -gyy ^y ^y< h Tf <;rT < -^TII ^TTT m M BJf tsy 
 
 sa it - ti A- nu va Bel sit - lu - du - at 
 
 who with Anu and Bel in dominion 
 
278 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 man-za- zu u - na -qab (v. qab?) nakiri ya ina 
 
 is established: pierced 'iny enemies tvith 
 
 ■^yy ]^ V ::^ &rT T? v! 62. ^^y <',v yj <y^ ^ ^ H <Ef 
 
 garni sa bi- ra -a-te Istar a- si -bat Arba- il 
 
 horns of iron. Ishtar dwelling in Arhela, 
 
 H s^y «f <:z ^- \^ 63. yc?) *y(?) -gyyc?) y^ .^y v t^y 
 
 isati lab - bn -sat ******* na -sa- at 
 
 with Jire clothed; ******* drought {?) 
 
 <-tU *" T? -TT<T t^ ^B ?f H m ^t? -s^TT 
 
 eli A - ri - bi i - za - an - nun nab - ]i 
 
 ujyon Arabia poured doivn. 
 
 64. ^.y ^-y &yy ^ t;^y y? Hfyyy -^y m ^-I<T <:: £T 
 
 Uruki qar - du a - nun - tu ku - uz - zur va 
 
 Uruhi the ivarrior, mourning caused and 
 
 65. tyyyc g^yy (t:si) ^IT -^T ^W -TT<T m} 
 
 u - ra - (as) - si - ba ga - ri ya 
 
 destroyed my enemies. 
 
 66. ^^y t^t] Hf ►^ sSTTT -T<T ^ E^yy s<y ey^ ^yyy^ 
 
 Nin - ip tar - ta - hu qar - ra - du rab - u 
 Ninip fierce, in ivar great, 
 
 67. ts -^mm - ^-H syy i eb --t< 
 
 ablu Bel ina uz - zi su kap - ti 
 
 the son of Bel; with his mighty arrows 
 
 68. tyyys ^y ^yy<y \_^-\ ^y e?j< ^y< f;^ ^ y>^ ^eT} 
 
 u - par - ri - [ir] na - pis - ti nakiri ya 
 
 destroyed the life of m^y enemies. 
 
 69. ^^y ^ ley !=yyy< ►^y a-\ -^ ^ V y- < -IK -<V 
 
 Nusku suqul na - ha - du ma - sa - bu - u bel - u - ti 
 Nusku the glorious messenger, sitting in dominio7i; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL, 279 
 
 70. -gn - m ^m --ta h [t>et -tttj i^m -'^^ 
 
 sa ina ki - bit Assur Belat * * * bit 
 
 ivho hij command of Assur and Beltls * * * * 
 
 71. ^T ^ -£El H ^ <:Z m^ - <M 72. SklTT T? T? 
 qa- sit - til Be- lat * * * * ki ida - ai 
 
 Tlie archer, the Goddess of ^ % ^ * * my forces 
 
 il - lik va iz ***** as - ru sar - u - ti 
 
 preceded, and ^ ***** place of my kingdom, 
 
 73. <tt A->m -jn ^{AT? [►£!?] ^T -^ £T 
 
 me - eh - rit umman [ya] iz - bat va 
 
 the front of my army took and 
 
 74. tyyrt f TTT- ^TTI] ^^IIK -TM t£T? 75. ^t< ^- -^T ll^i 
 
 u - sam - [kit] ga - ri ya ti - bu -ut * * * 
 
 destroyed my enemies. Tlie stroke * * * 
 
 --!4 H<W 76. iym --TT— ET-T— -III— t£T? 
 
 Assur Istar va Hi rabati beli ya 
 
 Assur, Ishtar, and the great Gods my lords, 
 
 77. %]] . 
 
 
 sa ] 
 
 Liia e 
 
 
 ivho 
 
 in 
 
 -TT<T t^-s= 
 
 ^V 
 
 ri 
 
 - zu 
 
 - ti 
 
 help 
 
 of 
 
 ^\] 
 
 ^< 
 
 t] 
 
 is • 
 
 - mil - u 
 
 va 
 
 heard of and 
 
 Id! 
 
 -!TT< 
 
 ET 
 
 ip - 
 
 lull 
 
 va 
 
 feared, 
 
 and 
 
 ^V, [E??< !£TIT ?K --TT ^.^TT 
 
 -^T. M 
 
 e - [pis ta - ha - zu il 
 
 lij - ku 
 
 in making [iL'ar'], luent 
 
 to the 
 
 78. ^{ATH^E!? T^m^ TfTf *^T A-J] 
 
 umman [ya U - ai - te - eli] 
 
 my army : Vaiteh 
 
 79. <^-fci [HI ^ ^r? ^T< -T -^r Tf ^r<] 
 
 eli [ip -se- e - ti an - na - a - ti] 
 over [^these things'] 
 
 80. <tT^ [^|gy \< ^T -ty yjy; ^y< 
 
 ul - [tu Na - ba - ai - ti 
 
 from [Nahatea 
 
280 ■ ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <^W V] ?? =:4 ET 81 . - IeJ ^i< >►! A -I <« H ^T H Afl 
 
 u -se]-za- av -va ina tugul- ti Assur Sin Samas Vul 
 
 /] brought out, and in the service of Asswr, Sin, Shamas, Vul, 
 
 --m --m 82. H<v/ V ^mm -] ^h -it- ^iti -^ -n<T 
 
 Bel Nabu Istar sa Ninua II sar - rat Kit-mu- ri 
 
 Bel, Neho, fshtar of Nineveh the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 83. H <\V V - -T <m H + H <-!T H s?= 
 
 Istar sa Arba- il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, Nergcd and Nusku, 
 
 84. mmm v-t<i -^^it et -ni^ e^ir t? ni -^i ^ ha <iei 
 
 * * * * us - su va u - ra - a su a - na Assur 
 i^ * * * him, and sent him to Assyria. 
 
 * * * * ya sa a - na ka - sad nakiri ya 
 
 * * * * * ivho to capture my enemies 
 
 86. mm A-^ ?i< -an - <M ^im -ia < -^ ^^er ^^m 
 
 * * * ah -lia- ru ina ki - bit Assur va Belat 
 
 * * * fought. By command of Assur and Beltis, 
 
 87. >- f T -T<T ^T ?? m smm "gn ^eii ^mi jin ^eh 
 
 ina iz - hu - ut -za(?) dan(?) * * * sa zi - bit qati ya 
 witJi a 7nace{?) which ivas grasped hy my hand, 
 
 88. ^^ y^ tElT I »I IMI Sf<! 89. - t;<] A-'ffl 
 
 seri mi - zi su ab - hi - us ina du - uh 
 
 the flesh coming out of him, his son, in sight of 
 
 (v. ^£T A-m <I- I m sHTIT <T:^ y-!Tr< -Tr<T -li! 
 
 (v. la - ah) eni su at - ta - di zu- - ri - tu 
 
 his eyes I struck doiun. 
 
 00. <tT<^ ^£^11 m m -ET ^El <T* JT ET 91. ^ tip? 
 
 ul - li kalbi la ad - di su va ina bab 
 
 With the dogs I did not place him, in the gate 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 281 
 
 tETI ^T H ^T <T- B<7K} -tn tUT <^ i'2. -giT 
 
 zi - it Sam - si qabal Ninua sa 
 
 o/" iAe rising sun, m the midst of Nineveh, ivhich, 
 
 ^ ^m + -tliU -T< cET -^I T? ^V ^T ^^- < -ir^ E??< V 
 
 Ni - rib -par- nak - ti - ad - na - a - ti na - bu -u zi - kar sa 
 Nirih-parnakti-adnati is called its name; 
 
 93. tm^ V H 's^-TlT< I -T <T- m^ -mi (V. -TT V Iffl) 
 
 u - sa - an - zir su si - ga - ru (v. si - gar - ru) 
 / caused to keep him cJmined, 
 
 94. ]} ►^T Br\ )r t^TIT 5^T -<T< HA -KtV < 
 
 a - na da - lal ta - us - ti Assar Istar va 
 
 to exalt the loill of Assur, Ishtar and 
 
 ..yy._ Ey.f>~ 95. ^IU>^ tET? ^TT<y ^]} -^ <h-]]<] <T- 
 
 Hi rabati beli ya re - e -mu ar - si 
 
 the great Gods my lords. Favour I g-^anted 
 
 jy ey ^yyy^ ^i^y^ <:z tt} \^ -£]J 96. ^ 
 
 su va u - bal - lid nap - sat su ina 
 
 /iim, and saved his life. On 
 
 ^m in? <T'-TT<T -<v m) -ciT -ni= ^t m- o-- eii - 
 
 ta - ay - ar - ti ya U - su - u sa ina 
 
 my return Usu, which by 
 
 Vj a ^) -1^•^■ ^! t^n ^£i .gr -< n£iT -& i *t (v. v ^t) 
 
 a - lii tarn- ti id - da - at su -bat su ak -su-ud (v, aksud) 
 the side of the sea has its plaxie, I captured. 
 
 98. trin— -^\'\m- J!< V T? -^T E5S -H^_ (T— ) I -^ 
 
 nisi U -su-u sa a- na sanuti su-nu 
 
 The people of Usu, ivho to their prefects 
 
 99. ^^y ^ H XiX^ -^\ ^^ -T<T^ <T* ^ « STT ^^T -^1 
 
 la sa - an - qu la i - na - di - nu man- da - at - tu 
 were not reverent, and did not give the tribute, 
 
 2 o 
 
282 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 100. ^T ^in ^- mT< I fir, y? tT{^ ^ ^TTT ^ ^yrrT— 
 
 na - dan mat- ti su- un a - duk iiia lib - bi nisi 
 
 the gift of their country, I slew. Amojigst the people 
 
 1 1 . ^£f t^ JT ^I< . T- TTIEJ ^ ^|^..)fff 102. ^\ I>^ I -^ 
 la kan-su- ti sib- du as- kmi Hi su-nu 
 
 tmsuhmissive, chastisement I inflicted. Their Gods 
 
 «^I?{ ]—l'^^m-t} T? ^T V HA <IeI 103. ^TH T— 
 
 nisi siT-nu as- lu - la a-na Assur nisi 
 
 and their people I carried off to Assyria. The people of 
 
 -^TT -0 IeJ < -EI ^tE ^T --T< Tf f ???? 104. £:sf -< \ 
 
 Ak-ku-u la kan-su -ti a- nar pagri 
 
 Ahko unsubmissive, I destroyed. Their bodies 
 
 I ^ ^ ty tyyy^ <y^ <y^ y? jyt ^yy ^ild --y< -t!T 
 
 su - nu ina ga - si - si a - lul si - hir - ti ali 
 
 in the dust I threiv down; the 'whole of the city 
 
 105. cyyyt t^- y^ ^yy ^i ^Eiy ^]< i ^ i=i<i ;J-y yj 
 
 u - sal - mi si - it - tu - ti su - nu al - qa - a 
 I quieted. The rest of them I brought 
 
 106. y} ^y \^HA<M r? -^T <m ^^-m< -B c: et 
 
 a-na Assur a-na ki - zir ak - zur va 
 
 to Assyria, in rank I arra^iged, and 
 
 107. <^-H ^?AT? tElf £T A--I £?TT T? -T< i08. vf 
 
 eli umman ya ma- ha - da - a - ti sa 
 
 over my numerous army, which 
 
 HA ^E <IeI V tyyy^ -yy- <t^ loo. y yn? >^ ^^ 
 
 Assur i - ki - sa u - rad - di Ai - mu ablu 
 
 Assur strengthened, I sjyread. Aimu son of 
 
 y '^y A-\ -n<I ^T --I< T r? :::: ^eT? *^T ah 110. £hS^ I 
 
 Te- ha - ri it - ti A-bi- ya - te - eh ahu su 
 
 Tehari, with Abiyateh his bi'other 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 283 
 
 i - zi - zii va it - ti ummaii ya e -pu-su taliaz 
 held risen, and ivith my arniij had made war. 
 
 (v. !£TTT H< --TT) in- - £<H? ^T H< -TT<T 
 
 (v. ta - ha - zu) ina qabal tarn - ha - ri 
 
 In the midst of battle, 
 
 bal - du - us - su ina qati az -bat ina Ninua 
 
 alive in hand I captured; in Nineveh 
 
 -^n -II m- -A< ^ET? £T '^]W (V. >iETT) I g^ -T<T ^T 
 
 alu bel- u - ti ya ma- sak (v. masak) su as - hu -ud 
 the city of my dominion his sJcin I tore off. 
 
 Cylinder B, Column VII. 
 
 fi7. T ^t\} < ^TTT A-\ ^% T H< U -! 88. .J;;^ 
 
 Ya -u- ta - ah ablu Ha-za- il sar 
 
 Yautah son of Hazael king of 
 
 V IeII ^I ^TT<! ^]} t}}< -^t ►-I< cETf 89. ^ I -^n— I 
 
 Qi - id - ri e - pis ardu- ti ya as -su Hi su 
 
 Kedar, made submission to me; for his Gods, 
 
 ^IT fET --T ^ < If ^11 ISI M A-TT AS H ^ ET 
 
 sa aba ba - nu - u a is - lu - lu im - har an - ni va 
 which the father my begetter had carried off, he prayed me, and 
 
 90. tnyt c^ ^t] T? ^'^ m- -<v 91- -^ H I— ty \- 
 
 u - zal - ki - a sar - u - ti sumi Hi rabati 
 
 submitted to my kingdom. The names of the great Gods 
 
 m- 7 t:s» <SiL I «) ET 92. .^y If -^ 4S ET sE^w 
 
 u -sa- az - kir su-(u) va A-tar - sa -ma- in 
 
 / made him sivear by, and Adarsamain 
 
284 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ;=TTT«= v-???? ET Tf <K I «3. <MT<T -cH -t^ - T? <T* ^^eU 
 
 u - tir va a-din su ar - ka -nu ina a- di - ya 
 
 / restored and gave him. Afterwards against my agreement 
 
 A-^ <W £T 94. ^Tl «T -<V -ET »=! <:: ET >=! -eT T? 
 
 Lh - di va da - ab - ti la iz - zur va iz - la - a 
 
 lie sinned, and henejits did not regard, and threw off 
 
 ^] lElHSl 41 ^W -T< ::ET} 95. ]\ ^] Vf A-\ m 
 
 niru bel - u - ti ya a - na sa - ha - al 
 
 the yoke of my dominion. To seek 
 
 <?::}?H T- SET? <m] I IdJ ^jm ^-T<T ET 96. 4<r^ ^et ]) 
 
 sul -mi ya sepu su ip - ru - us va ik - la -a 
 
 my alliance his feet broke off, and he disco7itinued 
 
 t^TTT ^\V -A< 97. tT??T— ^-^ T? -TT<T ti ^T-T< I 
 
 ta - mar - ti uisi A - ri - bi it - ti su 
 
 the presents. Tlie people of Arabia with him 
 
 ^W V -i^T^ m ET 98. ^^Hfff c^m K? -^! -m 
 
 u - sa - pal - kit va ih - ta - nab - ba - tu 
 
 he caused to revolt, and carried away the 
 
 ►H ^^. ^y V «=n--EET<IEI 99. ^JAT{ ::eT? V - 
 
 hu - bu - ut Hatti umman ya sa ina 
 
 plunder of Syria. My army which on the 
 
 itc -t-W \^^ I ^ ^- 100. ^w ET 4H ^]} eeTT 
 
 me - sir mati su as - bu u - ma - he - e - ra 
 
 border of his country was stationed, I sent 
 
 KTT ^JII m JT 
 
 zi - ru - us - su 
 against him ; 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 285 
 
 Column VIII. 
 
 abikta su-nu is - ku - nu nisi A- n - bi 
 
 his overthrow they accomplished. The people of Arabia, 
 
 ma- la it - bu -u- ni u - ra - si - bu ina kakki 
 all who came they destroyed with the sword, 
 
 3. tifTi t^*? -<^ iB]]) -!M ^ V ^ I -j^ 4. ::;^ty 
 
 bit - zin zir - ta - ri mu - sa - bi su-nu kamu 
 
 the tents, the pavilions, their dwellings, a fire 
 
 ^W V A --TT IdJ m ^T T? -^T H i^T + 5. i=|^ y— 
 
 u -sa-hi- zu ip - ki -du a - na isati alpi 
 
 they raised and gave to the flames. Oxen, 
 
 ze - e - ni imiri gam -mal- i a -mi- lu - tu 
 
 sheep, asses, ' camels and men, 
 
 ^]] m isi < ^- -^T T- ^ ^- ^TT ^ tu -^ 
 
 is - lu - lu - u - ni ina la mi - ni si - hi - ip matu 
 
 they carried off icithout number. TJie sweeping of all the 
 
 -cid -^T ^ Tt -^^ -TT 5^H -<V I 
 
 ka - la - mu a - na si - hir - ti - su 
 
 country, through its extent 
 
 8. p-nr sn (-^d -i<j ^ -in^ t't ^t <v <sn -tt<t v 
 
 um - da - (na) - al - lu - u a - na pat gira - ri sa 
 they collected through the whole of it. 
 
 gam -mal- i kima ze - e - ni u -par- ri -is 
 
 Camels like sheep I distributed, 
 
286 ASSURBANIPAL, 
 
 10. ^m^ }} ^H ^T Tf ^T ==!?? T— *^^ T? -TT<T t^ 
 
 u - za - hi - iz a - na nisi A - ri - bi 
 
 and caused to overflow to the people of Arabia 
 
 11. ^y .i^y^ ^y< << ^£1? t^I^ \ :«:! + I!l£J - -f IHeI ^ ^h 
 
 qa- bal - ti mati ya gam -mal | * * iiia ^ * * kas-pi 
 dioelling in my country. A camel for half a shekel in half shekels of 
 
 12. tE tyyyt -%^ - tcpf -y a -yT<T i3- i>S ^y -^ - 
 
 i - sam -mu ina bab ma- hi- ri zu -ucl-mu ina 
 
 silver they valued in. front of the gate the spoili^^ in 
 
 x^'^^^t^ ^^M - ^T?^ ?f< ^ -T? 14- eSi tiH 
 
 ni- id -ni nakmi('?) ina **ha-be-e *** hir 
 
 the sale of captives among * * the strong * gathered (?) 
 
 - m ==£ <T- Afl m ^T ?f< -211 15. E<^ y? «y >-^y y. 
 
 ina ki - i - si im - da - na -ha- ru gammah 
 
 in droves, they bartered camels 
 
 va a -mi- lii - tu ***** A- ri - bi 
 
 and men ***** the Arabians 
 
 V -ET ^ H -T IeJ T— ::£!? i7- JJm txi] [^lET] 
 
 sa la pa - an kakki ya in - nab - [tu] 
 
 who from the face of my soldiers fled; 
 
 tyyys. !.yyyi= ^yyy h -^T e^TT ^ ^! 1 8- -.£TT -I?? [<l£j 
 
 u - sam - kit Ninip qar - du su - un - [ki 
 
 Ninip the ivarrior destroyed. In ivant \_and 
 
 ^^ ^^ ^y< K? *.^ -^m -V^} ^n V lEII £T If- Tf -^T 
 
 bu - bu - ti nap -sat sn] - un is -sa-kin va a-na 
 
 famine^ their \lifa'] '^^«^ passed, and for 
 
 *^- -IM [I ^ -fr IeJ] m £^-<T— ^51— I ^TH 
 
 bu - ri [su-nu e - ku] - hi seri mari su- un 
 
 their food they eat the flesh of their children 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 287 
 
 ****** ru * * * * Istar sa Ninua 
 
 ******* ^. ^. ^ ^. Ishtar of Nineveh 
 
 mmmmm 22. y tt]} < s^ht a--i et 'an p^i -set 
 
 ****** Ya -u- ta - ah ina- rii - us - tu 
 
 ****** Yautah misfortune 
 
 A-]] A^ JT El 23. tT? T <r- I sECm -^I tlllT I? -^T 
 
 im - har sii va 
 happened to him, and 
 
 e -dis- si su in 
 alone he 
 
 na - bit a- na 
 fled to 
 
 < 
 
 -"I --^T T?Tf --T< 24. T Tf - cETf vi AH ^¥ 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ti A - bi - ya - te - eh ablii 
 
 Nabatea. Abiyateh son of 
 
 Ninna il - hk - av - va 
 
 Nineveh came and 
 
 T "i^I ^— T -TT<T 
 
 25. 
 
 T?^ 
 
 Te- he - ri 
 
 
 a- na 
 
 Teheri, 
 
 
 to 
 
 ■W -^I ^ II <tETT sy} 
 
 u - na - as -siq sepi ya 
 kissed my feet. 
 
 2G. yf <y^ ty? ^yj eh< 
 
 a - de - e e - pis 
 An agreement to make 
 
 ^-] -y< t-t]} ^y -y< i ^ -T4->ffi 27. igy t-yyy 
 
 ardu - ti ya it - ti su as - kun ku - um 
 
 submission to me with him I made ; instead of 
 
 y tB]} < !£yyy A-'i - :^® S ►TA->fff I T sg:s? < ►-T< 
 
 Ya -u- ta - ah ina aiumma as- kun su ana sar -u- ti 
 Yautah or any one, I apjDointed him to the kingdom. 
 
 28. <H ^y^ (T— ) <H T- 
 
 huraz eni 
 
 Gold, eyes 
 
 ^} ^h t^-^ A-m 
 
 aban pi gu - uh - lu 
 of pi stone, guhlu, 
 
 gam -mal - i 
 
 camels . and 
 
 29. c<yjE y— -yyyy 5^y ^y< 
 
 imiri bit - ridu - ti 
 
 stallion asses, 
 
288 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 « STT -ET -til 
 
 man- da - at - tu 
 tribute for 
 
 
 mat - ti sam - ma 
 every year 
 
 30. i^yyic IeII 
 
 u - kin 
 / fixed 
 
 ^^^^] 
 
 zir - us - su 
 upon him. 
 
 31. r =;4 .4<^ ^£1 <Tjifr i^Xm) i£:^ 
 
 Am -mu- la - di - (in) sar 
 
 Ammuladin king of 
 
 i- ^I c£T -TT<T "glT <Ie! eT V TM (eT) 32. ^<i^ <^ ^jm 
 
 Qa-ad- ri sa ki -ma sa-a-su (va) ik - ki - ru 
 
 Kedar, ivlio like him also revolted 
 
 ih ■ 
 and 
 
 ta - nab - ba - tu hu 
 carried aivay the plunder 
 
 bu - ut 
 of the 
 
 V 
 
 sarri 
 kings of 
 
 
 »=!!- -EfcT <IeJ 33. ^ IeJ ^]< --TA H «< H ^T 
 
 Hatti ina tugul - ti Assur Sin Samas 
 
 Syria; In the service of Assur, Sin, Shcwias, 
 
 Vul Bel Nabu 
 Vul, Bel, Nebo, 
 
 34. H <'rV "iTT ^^n <m -1 
 
 Istar sa Ninua 11 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh the divine 
 
 £H -TT- m -^ -TT<T 35. H <',v ^iT ►= H<^ H+ 
 
 sar - rat Kit-mu- ri Istar sa Arba- il Ninip 
 
 queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 Nergal Nusku 
 Nergal and Nusku ; 
 
 m- sEid V- < 
 
 u - sar - bu -u 
 had tnagnified, 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, 
 
 Ninipi 
 
 
 ET AH ]} -} 
 
 Ma - ha - a - ab 
 Moalj, 
 
 36. ^ ^n^ E??< .^ [tm V] -V 
 
 ina zi - kar sumi [ya sa] Assur 
 by the power of [my'] name [ivhich'] Assur 
 
 37. T -tid [ET?] ^Sl - j^ITI T? sEhS 
 
 Ka - [ma] - az -hal- ta -a sar 
 
 Kamazhalta{?) king of 
 
 38. ^-T sriy D [:?= ^ ^ET?] 39. ^ 
 
 ardu da - gil [pa - ni ya] ina 
 
 a tributary dependent on one, in the 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 280 
 
 ^]^E3 -^^? ^n m -^T <T- <I- I 40. T =:^ -^ -t] <]^ i^tm) 
 
 tahaz zin is-kii- na abikta sii Am-mu-la- tli - (in) 
 
 battle yield accomplished his overthrow. Ammuladin 
 
 tyr ^i -T< ^]}}^ T— I 41. -gn -£T ^ -y ^yr mmm 
 
 si - it - ti iiisi su sa la pa - an da * * * * 
 
 and the rest of his peoi^le, who from the face of ^ * 
 
 * * 
 
 < j^ 42. sryyyt ^? ^.yyyy ^ ^y^ 43. jy^ < <^yy - Hy<y ^y 
 
 u - iii u -zab- bit ina qati qati va sepi bi - ri - tu 
 
 * * he cai^tured in hand. Ilis hands and feet in bonds of 
 
 -y+ ^I <[^ ET 44. yy ^y tjny i^ y? <yrif: 
 
 parzil id - di va a - na Ninua a - di 
 
 iron he placed, and to Nineveh to 
 
 -cEii ►yy<y cey? tyyy^ ^ - ^ti 45. y ►^y ^y -^ jss 
 
 mah - ri ya u - se - bi - la Na - ad - nu sar 
 
 my presence he sent. Nathan king of 
 
 V ^y -^y y} yj ^y< 46. "gyy yy ^ty I ^jn ^yyy^ t^t^ 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ti sa a - sar su ru - u - qu 
 
 Nabatea, ivhose place is remote, 
 
 47. c<yy ey y? ^yy -^y ..y ..y^ ..y <-^y -gyy 
 
 is - ma - a da - na - an Assur Marudiik sa 
 
 heard of the poiver of Assur and Merodach, loho 
 
 tyyye ^^ai^^"^ 48. ^yy ey ^y< sy y? ^y 
 
 u - tag - gil - u in - ni sa ma - ti - ma a - na 
 
 protect me : who in times past to the 
 
 ^:^y>^ -tyy— m\ 49. e;^; T? m I -£!^n ^-kii 
 
 sarri abi ya a - mir sii la is - pu - r;i 
 
 kings my fathers his envoy did not send, 
 
 50. -Ey ciyy y? -^^ jy ^^ sE^si -^T< I ^!?J •'"-i- -T? i>£! -^y 
 
 la is - a - lu su-lum saru - ti su-mi e - nin - na 
 
 and did not seek alliance ivith their kingdom. Again 
 
 2 p 
 
290 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ya -a- ti a-mir su sa siil -mi is -pu- rav -va 
 
 to me his envoi/ for alliance he sent ; and 
 
 u - na - as - siq sepi ya a - na sa - kan a - de - e 
 
 kissed my feet. To establish agreement and 
 
 >-^!T *fc ]- tf? ty? t)]< >i^T -^^ ten 54. tyn^ f ? ^y ^ i<y ^^y ]) 
 
 su -lum-me- e e -pis ardu- ti ya u -za- na - al - la -a 
 
 alliance, and make suhniission to me, he submitted to 
 
 -< m < -<V 55. y? ►^y lEj jj< y «y sfr ^ jy Ey 
 
 a - na - ku ha-dis ap -pa -lis su va 
 / gladly received him, and 
 
 be - lu - u - ti 
 my dominion. 
 
 56. 
 
 5^ ^ 
 
 pa - ni 
 
 before 
 
 57. 4^i.]\) 
 belat 
 taxes 
 
 --IT 
 ya 
 me 
 
 « 
 
 man - da 
 and 
 
 <y.^yy,~ <.-tI y ^ .y^.>yyy 
 
 damqati eli su as - kun 
 
 favours on him conferred, 
 
 STT 5:£T -£eT *.* -<T< ^W ET 
 
 at - tu san - ti sam - ma 
 
 tribute for every year 
 
 -W %\l ^^? 5?^T I 
 
 u - kin zii' - us -su 
 / fixed upon him. 
 
 b. 
 
 K, 2802, Column II. Variant Passage for Cylinder B, 
 Column VIII, Lines 31 to 52. 
 
 «. y =^ >^ ^£y <y^ ^m s£:m t- ^T ^^1 -TT<T 
 
 Am - mu - la - di - in sar Qa - ad - ri 
 
 Ammidadin king of Kedar, 
 
 •gTT m ET V T? I ET -T<T^ <IeJ ^JH 
 
 sa ki - ma sa - a - su va ik - ki - ru 
 
 who like him also revolted; 
 
ASSUHBANIPAL. 
 
 291 
 
 ih - ta - nab - ba - tu hu - bii - ut Haiti 
 
 carried away the spoil of Syriay 
 
 </. >-^] T— t?TI D ^ ss: ST? ^- MT -EiT -IT S= :«; V 
 
 ardi da - gil pa- ni ya sa tu - sak - ni - sa 
 
 the tributaries dependent on me, ivhom thou hast subdued 
 
 T? -^T <B1] tET? / - -TT^ t}}< -^ ST? "iTT -T4 
 
 a - na nm ya 
 
 to my yoke. 
 
 m^ tild ^- < 
 
 u - sar - bu -u 
 fmd magnified. 
 
 ina zi - kar sumi ya sa Assur 
 By the power of my name ivhich Assur 
 
 y. T J^ -^ -ET <]^ am ^TT ^T -^T< 
 
 Am -mil- la - di - in si - it - ti 
 Ammuladin and the rest of 
 
 «=T??T— I ^- ITT -ET 5?= H ETT ill^e tc? -eeT < Jfr 
 
 nisi sii sa la pa -an da * * * * nab- tu -u- ni 
 
 his people, ivhofrom the face of the * * * * fled, 
 
 i. !=TTTt ^? tTTTT - m j- JTrr < <eETT t^ -TT<T -sIT H*f 
 
 u -zab- bit ina qati qati va niri bi - ri - tu parzil 
 
 / captured in hand. Hand and foot in bonds of iron 
 
 SET <T* I ET 
 
 ad - di su va 
 I placed him, and 
 
 k. tiiTt £tTT T? T? ^T 
 
 u - i"a - a a - na 
 sent to 
 
 
 ->-V<IEI 
 
 Assur 
 Assyria. 
 
 i. iv y? <i^ ten JH -TT- *-^ T? -n<T :=: '«• <T* -W^^ !£TTT 
 
 A- di - ya sar - rat A- ri - bi di - ik - ta 
 
 Adiya queen of Arabia, [her'] numerous 
 
 im ET A-\ t^ 
 
 [sa] ma - ha - as 
 fighting men 
 
 ^TT ST s^T?^ 
 
 su ad -duk 
 / slew. 
 
 n. K-^ jtyyy .yy<y tyj V 
 
 zir - ta - re - e sa 
 her ^)at'z7«o?is 
 
 - Hs^T'f -0 -^ "• V T? V -i^T^ m y-T<T ^ - 
 
 ina i.sati ak - mu sa - a - sa bal - dii - us - sa ina 
 
 in the Jire J burned, her alive in 
 
292 ASSURI3ANIPAL. 
 
 JTn t^ -^ /'■ ^I -^I< -Vt V- ^T *^* [T? -TM :^ m <h 
 
 qati az -bat it - ti hu-bu-ut [A- ri - bi as] -si 
 
 hand I captured, ami with the spoil of [Arabia'] I carried 
 
 Vy ^1 \^ H^ <m ?• I ^i -ET "^ eShs V ^] -^! y? T? ►^T< 
 
 a- na Assur Na -ad-nu sar Na - ba - ai - ti 
 
 io Assyria. Nathan king of Nahatea, 
 
 >■■ -gn T? s£fcj I ^jn i^n^ ^t^ *• =^tt t- -if £T 
 
 sa a - sar su ru - vi - qu is - me - e va 
 
 ivhose place was remote ; heard also of 
 
 STT ^! H HA V s^m- ^^ D ►-! cs: «• "iTT 
 
 da - na - an Assur sa u - tag - gil an - ni sa 
 
 the poiver of Assur ivho protected me : who 
 
 ET ^T -n ET T? ^T sESST— tETT— ^El? 
 
 ma - te - e - ma a - na sarri abi ya 
 
 m time p>^^^ ^^ ^^^ kings my fathers, 
 
 »• ESS T? mil I -ET t^ll ^^ -21! V. ^E! t^TT T? MJ JT t^t 
 
 a - mir su la is - pu - ru la is - a - lu su - lum 
 
 his envoy did not send, a7id did not seek alliance 
 
 ^\ 
 
 saru - ti su- un ul - tu U - ai - te - eh sar 
 
 ivith their kingdom. On Vaiteh king of 
 
 t T't -n<I t^ ^- :^tl -II I -^T V -I -5^ i=^ ^- < 
 
 A- ri - bi de - en su tu - sa - an - nu tag - bu - u 
 
 Arabia, his sentence thou didst jjroiioimce, thou didst 
 
 Jm * A->ffi ^-^ I .'/• T? -^T ^-^ ^T --T T?T? -^T< 
 
 sa - pa - ah mati su a - na Na - ba - ai - ti 
 
 command to waste his country. To Nahatea 
 
 IT -E^TT !gJ ET AS T -^T ::ET -^ 
 
 il - li - ku ma - har Na - ad - nu 
 
 and came hefore Nathan. 
 
 [^ 
 
 
 in - 
 
 - nab-tu 
 
 he 
 
 fed, 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 293 
 
 <> a. I ^] tB] -^Vj^U ^W !? I? VI A-T " '>■ <m !? J=^ 
 
 Na - ad -nil a- iia U - ai - te - eli ki -a- am 
 
 Nathan to Vaiteh ei'en 
 
 ig -bi su va um -ma a- iia - ku ina qati Assur 
 
 said, to him thus : " / in the hands of Assiji'la 
 
 111 - te - zi - i - bi va at - ta tas - kun 
 
 am fast hound, and thou reliest on 
 
 an - 111 a - na dan -nil- ti ka Na - ad -nil ip - luh 
 
 ')ne to strengthen thee." Nathan feared 
 
 ET Jm V T? T? -^T >^ -^T "/■ £kS T? mil T— I ]} ^T 
 
 va ir -sa-a a - na siiq- tii a -mil'- i su a- na 
 
 and inclined to despair; his envoys to 
 
 V A-] m <}^]\\\ V- ^t\} <^o- ^V. £V J=4 ET 
 
 sa - ha - al sul - mi ya is - pur - av - va 
 
 seek my alliance he sent, and 
 
 t-W -^T * <I- ^\ <eETT fEl? 
 
 u - na - as - si - qa sepi ya 
 kissed my feet. 
 
 K, 2802, Column III. Variant for Cylinder A, 
 Column VIIT, Lines 70 to 82. 
 
 «• <T-yT<T <^^ ifci A [^jn ^t^ < -<v ^]} -<\ 
 
 ar - di iir - hi [rii - qu - ii - ti e - bil] 
 / marched, a \_distant'] j)«^/i [/ tool^, 
 
 e - te - li har - sa - a - ni sa - [qu - ti] 
 
 / ascended the l^fu country. 
 
294 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 c. A-'W s^TTT m ^^ -T ^^m T— <i- "gn t^-SE jt- 
 
 ah - ta - lu - ub kisti sa zu - lul 
 
 / joassed through the foi'ests, of ivhich their shadow 
 
 si - na rap - su bi - rit izi rabati gi - iz - zu 
 
 was vast, bounded hy trees great and stro7ig, 
 
 / -T r2< -*^m T— AS EtTT "j^ »=T ^1 <T* ^^I 
 
 ******* miir - ra - nu iz - id - di - tu 
 
 and vines (?) * * * a road of mighty wood. 
 
 g. ^]} ^T ►<!< -T<T^ <m ^m *" + /'• T't tild t-ET i^rTTT T- 
 
 e - te - ti - iq ki - rib Vas a - sar zu - um - mi 
 
 / ivent to the midst of Vas, a place arid and 
 
 «=!!} «=TT? ^T< »•• V «=T <:i: H !=!? J=^T£ ^^^? ►;^T T^ 
 
 dan - dan - ti sa iz - zur same imiri zini 
 
 very difficult, where the birds of heaven and wild asses 
 
 ^Sjz]^ j. ET -£T --^T JT < - ^m - ^. TT- ^ ^- 
 
 * * * * ma- la ba -su-u ina lib-bi 100 kas-pu 
 
 * * * * a7^e all there is in it. 100 kaspu 
 
 c^ ^T m iB]]] m.) <m /• -^n ^t ^<^i -i ^rr -- 
 
 qaq- qa - ru ultu Ninua alu na - ram Is - tar 
 
 of gromid from Nineveh, the city the delight of Ishtar 
 
 A -\y ^M\ m ™- *^^^? T ^ITT^ T? T? ^T A-} « 
 
 hi - rat Bel zir U - ai - te - eh sar 
 
 ivife of Bel ; against Vaiteh king of 
 
 
 A- ri -bi ar - de - e va al - lik 
 
 Arabia I marched and went. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 2i)5 
 
 Extract fiiom K, 2802, Column III. Variant for Cylinder A, 
 Column VIII, Lines 95 to 97. 
 
 a. i]^ ^]<]^ ^y ^ ^TTT £:s? fE 4S =^ T- A-} 
 
 di - ik - tu ina lib I - sa - am - mi - ili 
 
 The fighting men among the Isammih, 
 
 '>■ EhS <=! STT H T? -^ 4i ET T?T? el^ c. <meu 
 
 halu(?) A -tar- sa -ma- ai - in. va 
 
 the servants of Adarsamain, and the 
 
 ESS ^I --T T? T? im T? T? *^E !^ lEJ (/. ^T?? T— &c. 
 
 Na - ba - ai - ta - ai i - du -ku nisi, &c. 
 
 Nahateans they slew. People, &c. 
 
 Epigraphs on K, 3096. 
 
 a. T? -^f M T --T^ SF T? « ^-* --V V - <Igf i^TTn 
 
 a- na-ku Assur-bani-pal sar Assur sa ina ki - bit 
 / am Assurhaniixd king of Assyria, tvho by command 
 
 HT— ET-n— -in— m >>■ a-tt t^^ < et -et 
 
 Ili rabati [beli su] im - zu - u ma- la 
 
 of the great Gods [his lo7xls^, has gratified all 
 
 III ►— ^ i >— ^J^I ^1^ I ^-*^ ^ »-| Nrr^,^<Ty,sNffcsNTy>NTy--A-',^%T.'',>^-iSsr,''-S 
 
 lib - bi su it - ti Am -mu -la ******** 
 
 his heart. With Ammuladin ******** 
 
 c. ]} ^\ ^r m -tv, -II -^T< tET? f?< T mmm^ 
 
 a - na Ninua alu belu- ti ya ha-dis ***** 
 to Nineveh the city of my dominion, joyfdly ***** 
 
 d. Tf -^I IeJ T HA :i= Tf « *^* -V t^ Tf <T:3^ -eI? Tf 
 
 A- na -ku Assur-bani-pal sar Assur A- di - ya - a 
 
 / Assurhanijxd king of Assyria, Adiya 
 
296 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^H Hh V T? ^TT<T 1^] «• ^! ^I< -T<T ttfc --T< V 
 
 sar - [rat A - ri - bi] it - ti hu - ul) - ti sa 
 
 queen [of Arabia] ivitli her spoil, 
 
 - <m -TTTT HA < H <w -T<T^ I ^ mmmmm 
 
 ilia ki - bit Assur va Istar ik -su- du ****** 
 by command of Assiir and Islitar I captured ****** 
 
 / t^- T? <T* -ET? T? tild -n- *.^ Tf -Tr<T t^ <W -VV £TTT 
 
 A- di - ya -a sar - rat A- ri - bi di - ik - ia 
 
 Acliya queen of Arabia, her numerous 
 
 [V ET A-I <^ nflT ::ET -T?^] .9- -<^ tETIT -n<T *=!? V 
 
 [sa ma- ha - as - su ad - diik] zir - ta - re - e sa 
 
 fighting men I slew, her pavilions in the 
 
 - H i-T + -0 -^ V T? V -*^T^ nH! ^-T<T 4S 
 
 ina isati ak - mu sa - a - sa bal - [du - us - sa 
 
 fire I burned, her alive 
 
 ina qati az - bat 
 in hand I captured. 
 
 (At the bottom of the tablet occurs the following notice of 
 the place of these Epigraphs.) 
 
 sa ina eli iguri sa Bit - sa * * * 
 
 ivhich ivere upon the chamber-walls of Bitsa * * * 
 
 K, 562. 
 
 1- It *^ I 5i^>W- < < "^ >f^ YY -• '^>^| ^--i^ 
 
 A - na sar matati be - eli ya arad ka 
 
 To the king of the earth, my lord, thy servant 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 297 
 
 T -^TII -^ -IT <r:^ 3. ^-Tii < -^T <:^^T *T ]^- 
 
 Bel - zikir - esir Bel va Maruduk immi 
 
 Belzikiresi7\ Bel and MerodacJi, length 
 
 ^- t=IT T— 4. ^^ H -^I T— c?n E^IT T? -T< 
 
 arakii saiiat an - na - i da - ra - a - ti 
 
 of days, years everlasting, 
 
 5. tT V !^ t£ siH -^T =^1 i^^ H 6- ^TT ^JH ^^TIT^ I? -^T 
 
 iz-sa-pa i - sar - tu kuzzu da - ru - u a- na 
 
 a scepti'e of justice, and an everlasting throne, to the 
 
 5£:fS ^-' ^." 7. ^ :tF tET? <:= m -f- 8. Tf -^T <-^Id V 
 
 sar matati be- eli ya lit - ki -nu a- na eli sa 
 
 king of the earth, my lord, may they establish. Concerning that of 
 
 ^:w -^ ^ Tf 9- t^tT tif T- t^TT -lA-m H ^ 
 
 sar be - eli a de - e - mi is - kiui an - ni 
 
 which the king my lord gave directions to me 
 
 10. i=:yiT t] £^-| A-TT V e:s? <WT<T T? :=: i '• £l -et 
 
 um -ma de - em sa Ar -a-bi ma- la 
 
 thus: "The news of the Arabians, all 
 
 t^iyy ::^yy ^ ^yyy^ 12. ^jn E^yy yj ^jn ^y< <y- ^b 
 
 ta - sim - mu - u sapra a - lak - ti si - i 
 
 thou hearest, send the account of it" 
 
 13. <t:'\.< .gEy t^ x^ -^y ^H y? ^y< 14 <^ ^e 
 
 ul - tu Ni - ba - ha - a - ti ki - i 
 
 From the Nahateans there is 
 
 ^Id Tt I? T -I N T? --U ET ^m 15- ►£ I V 
 
 hir - za - a Ai - ka - ma - ru ablu su sa 
 
 news; Aikamaru son of 
 
 T c^ T- A-] 5£Tn AH le. e^S + A-] If N 1} -^T 
 
 Am -mi- ha - ta - ah Vas- ha - ai a- na 
 
 Amniihatah the Vasite, 
 
 2 Q 
 
298 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 <--H^ l-^ 17. <IEJ ^£ SiT *^- =TIT= ^? y— Sil ^Tk 
 
 eli sii-nii ki - i it - bn - u zabi id - duk 
 
 against them had come ; the men he slew 
 
 18. <hM A-TTT !£IIT - -III ^ ^m :=: I ^ i^- <] ^ 
 
 va ih - ta -bat edu ina lib-bi su-nu ki - i 
 
 and plundered. One in the midst of them then 
 
 tT!T= ^ -11^ ^- 20. T? ^] ^in ::: -^TT V s£kS 
 
 u - se - zi - bu a - na lib - bi alu sa sar 
 
 they saved; to the midst of the city of the king 
 
 tE '^^}}}} -^T 21. rf !:;:<y s^Tfft f? ^y J:;^ ^ tf^ tEl? 
 
 i - tur - ba a - du - u a - na sar be - eli ya 
 
 he entered. Now to the king my lord 
 
 22. tl<j t: ^ I ^5S 23. V ^T- fE I ^ <t- 
 
 al -tap-ras-su sar sa pi - i su lis - rae 
 
 I send him; the king, of his mouth may he hear. 
 
 The events recorded in this division of the reign of Assurbanipal 
 stretch over a considerable time. In Cylmder B we are told that the 
 father of Assurbanipal had carried off the Gods of the Aiubian 
 monarch, and that Yauteh, or Vaiteh, king of Arabia, came- to 
 Assurbanipal and asked for the restoration of these idols. A 
 precisely similar story is related in the annals of Esarhaddon, the 
 father of Assurbanipal ; and I am of opinion that the compiler of 
 Cylinder B transferred this account to Assurbanipal's reign. 
 
 Vaiteh, whose name is also written f '^^^ '^*^'"I iSXW ]}•> 
 Ya-ha-ta-a, and f t-^\ -^'"•"T ISI ^ITI^' Ya-ha-lu-u, succeeded to 
 the Arabian crown in the time of Esarhaddon, and remained subject 
 to Assyria until the revolt of Saulmugina, when he joined in the 
 conspiracy, and raised two armies ; one he sent into Palestine, and 
 the other to help the Babylonians. The Arabians who invaded 
 Palestine marched as far as Zobah; when they were defeated by 
 the Assyrian troops and gradually driven out of the country. About 
 
ASSURBAXll'AL. 299 
 
 the same time an Arabian chief, Ammuladin, called king of Kedar, 
 invaded Moab in company with Adlya queen of Ambia. Their 
 forces were met by Kamas(?)-halta king of Moab, a tributary of 
 Assyria, who defeated them, and sent Ammidadin and Adiya in 
 chains to Nineveh. Vaiteh, after these reverses, fled to Nabathea, 
 and was dehvered up to Assyria, probably by Nathan king of that 
 country, wdio sent an envoy to make submission to Assurbanipal. 
 The Arabian army which was sent to Babylon, was besieged in that 
 city by the Assyrians ; and, attempting to make a sortie, was a 
 second time defeated and driven within the walls. Abiyateh und 
 Aimu the Arabian generals, then submitted to Assurbanipal, and 
 that monarch sent Abiyateh to Arabia, to take the crown as 
 tributary of Assyria. Meanwhile, after the flight of Vaiteh, the 
 Arabians raised to the throne his nephew, who bore the same 
 name (Vaiteh) as himself. Vaiteh II and Abiyateh afterwards 
 joined in alliance with Nathan king of Nabathea, and they all com- 
 menced hostilities against Assyria. To chastise them, Assurbanipal 
 organised an expedition into Arabia. It is difficult to determine 
 the position of the towns captm^ed by the Assyrians in this expedi- 
 tion, but it is not probable that they penetrated far into the desert. 
 Their own statement is, that they went a distance of 100 kaspu 
 (700 English miles) from Nineveh. On the return of the army 
 from Arabia, Assurbanipal punished the cities of Akko and Usu 
 (on the coast of Palestine) for revolt. The dispatch, K, 562, 
 probably belongs to a later period in the history, but it is inserted 
 here on account of its reference to Arabia. 
 
;iOO ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART XIII. 
 
 The Final Triumph over Elam. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The texts of this division of the Annals are Cylinder A, col. ix, 
 line 113, to col. x, line 21 ; and the Memoiial Slab published in 
 Cuneif Inscrip., Vol. II, p. 66. 
 
 Cylinder A, Column IX. 
 
 113. r trriT « ^Kj iti ti:s ^.* <::t et m 
 
 Um -man- al - das sar Elam 
 
 Ummanaldas ki7ig of Elam, 
 
 114. -gry <tT^ ^EiT <-T^ -ET HA < -T<V/ -II T— tsy? 
 
 sa 111 - tu ul - la Assur va Istar beli ya 
 
 ivhom from of old Assur and Ishtar my lords 
 
 1 1 5. ^y<i^ y ^ < ty? m ^^y tyyy^ ^y< tey? n 6. - <iEy ^yyyy 
 
 ig - bu - u e - pis ardu - u - ti ya ina ki - bit 
 
 had commanded to make submission to me; by command 
 
 -T ^y< I .^ y.yyy< ^y< v -eT ^^ -irt] >^ < 
 
 Ilu - ti su - nil zir - ti sa la in - nin - nu - ii 
 
 of their great divinity ivho ivere imchanged, 
 
 117. t^ji^f -^ \< -^yy i^tU I tu -^I^ -TIT Ey 
 
 arka - nn mat sii eli su ip - pal - kit va 
 
 afterwards his country against him revolted, and 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 301 
 
 118. ^Ei j?= H ^TTT + ^T< -^!I— I eTI s^TII^ ^tU I < 
 
 la pa -an sail -mas- ti ardi su sa u - sab -su-u 
 
 from the face of the tumult of his servants tvhich they made 
 
 <^-H I no. !=!? T <T- JT tU ^] im eT ^T ---T j^TTI 
 
 eli su e -dis- si su ip -par-sid va iz - ba - ta 
 
 against him, alone he fed and took to the 
 
 - PiyiP 120. <fT^ .ggy -.- ^]} tyyyy ^yy^ <iEy ^y< i 
 
 sadu- u ul - tu sade- e bit mar - ki - ti su 
 
 mountain. From the mountain, the house of his refurje, 
 
 121. yf ^u ^y s£m tt} ^ <y- ti] 122. <iEy t] 
 
 a - sar it - ta -nap-ras - si - du ki -ma 
 
 the lolace he fled to, like 
 
 £cyy ^ t^ -y<y y? >f jy t] 
 
 ra - pa - qaq izzur a - mas - su va 
 a rapaqaq bird I removed, and 
 
 Column X. 
 
 1. ^^y^ mgy ^^^<y [>5£yy t]:<y ;Ly yjj j yj ^y .^< _y^ ^^ 
 
 bal - du - us - [su al - qa - a] su a - na Assur 
 
 alive I brought him to Assyria. 
 
 2. y ^y ^y -ti<t -m t ^ a-] *^t? t ^^tit « ^^Kf ifci 
 
 Tam-ma- ri - tu Pa - he - e Um -man- al - das 
 
 Tammaritu, Pahe and Ummanaldas, 
 
 3. eti ^^} T? ?}< [T— ] ^n ^^- 1 -^ ^Tk ^^d^tiim 
 
 sa arku a -ha- [mis] e -pu-sube- hit Elam 
 
 loho after each other ruled the dominion of Elam ; 
 
 4. -gyy - ^Vj -^ <^ HA < --y <v/ -ii T-— ^et? 
 
 sa ina e -mu- ki Assur va Istar beU ya 
 
 whom, hy the power of Assur and Ishtar my lords, 
 
302 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 5. ^w -^^^ ^ V a? -^I f T lEinSl] ►£!? T ^W 1? I? VI AH 
 
 u - sak -ni-sa [a - na niri] ya U - ai-te- eh 
 
 / suhjiKjated [to] my [yoke]. Vaiteh 
 
 <■'■ IS:^ *^* T? -n<T] S "glT - <IeJ ^TIIT -!A < -K\V 
 
 [sar A- ri] - bi sa ina ki - bit Assur va Istar 
 
 king of Arabia, of luhom, by command of Assur and Ishtar, 
 
 <T- <T" I 7. gE lEj ^ m^ -£E!] V I m ^1 JT 
 
 abikta su as - ku - nu [ul - tu] mati su al - qa su 
 
 his overthrow I had accomplished ; \_from] his country I brought him 
 
 [I? -^H ^ -"¥ <m 8. <ty^ ^£ET T? ^T ^l fiiin 
 
 [a - na] Assur ul - tu a - na na * * * 
 
 [to] Assyria. When to * * * 
 
 m <e:t— fif laj < 9- - -hit + + ji -^ -^ lai '-i< 
 
 * * niqi e - lu -u ina Bit -mas-masu su-bat be- lu - ti 
 
 sacrifices and libations I had offered uj) in Bitmasmasu, the seat of 
 
 (V. 41 ^T<) I -I?? 10. £T AS H t>El i^III 5^ 
 
 (V. belu - ti) su - un ma - liar Belat umma 
 
 their poiver, before Belat, mother 
 
 -II— tM— 11- A =w -^T -^I -<^I -^I< --IA 
 
 Hi rabati hi - ra - tu na - ram - ti Assur 
 
 of the great Gods, beloved luife of Assur, 
 
 »=I? V- I [T?] <I* -I T— 12. tiiTi ^i i-m ^I 
 
 e - pu su [aj - di Hi Bit - id - ki - id 
 
 / had made to the Gods of Bitidkid. 
 
 ^I lElJIgl ^=1 V X- ^11 <W 13- =^111!= V ^ST tlllT 
 
 niri sa sad - da - di u - sa - az - bit 
 
 To the yoke of my war chariot I caused to fasten 
 
 >-^iy ^ H< T? i]^ tCF? ciill ^-^ 14- J=^TI =^T ^ - 
 
 su - nu - ti a - di bab e - sir is - du - du ina 
 
 them, and to the gate of the temple they dragged. On 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 303 
 
 <m ^Tfy ^t]} m ^ 5^:^ -^T ^h 15- ^t] ^m ah ski 
 
 sitti ya al - bi - in ap - pi at - ta - hi - id 
 
 mij feet I made invocation, j glorified 
 
 Ilii - US - su - lui u -sa-pa-a dan-nu- us - su - un 
 
 ^AciV divinity, I praised their poiver, 
 
 ina puhri umman ya sa Assiir Sin 
 in the assembly of my army ; of Assur, Sin, 
 
 Bel Nabu Istar sa Ninua 
 
 Bel, Neho, Tsktar of Nineveh 
 
 Kit-mu- ri Istar sa Arba- il 
 Kitmuri, Ishtar of Arhela, 
 
 Samas Vol 
 Shamas, Vul, 
 
 18. ►-! s£ld -TT- 
 
 II sar - rat 
 the divine queen of 
 
 19. .^1 ^ _y<^yy 
 
 Ninip Nergal 
 Ninip, Nergal 
 
 Nusku sa la kan-su- ti ya u - sak -ni-su 
 
 and Nusku, ivho the unsubmissive to me, subjugated 
 
 n ^! tiiEjiigi ^ET? 
 
 -E^n tE ^T< 21. < t^y ^y y? :^ 
 
 a- na niri ya ina li - i - ti va da - na -a- ni 
 
 to my yoke, and in glory and poiver 
 
 ^W V -Tf^ --TT sECw =H= -^*? EhS ^ r— tt]] 
 
 u - sa - zi - zu in - ni zir nakiri ya 
 
 established me over my enemies. 
 
 Cuneiform Inscriptions, Vol. TI, Page 66. 
 
 1- y? -^y -y i^Ey ^yyy ^ <:z ^<^ v y? <y- ^ 
 
 A - na Belat be - lit matati a - si - bat 
 
 To ■ Beltis Goddess of the earth, divelling in 
 
304 ASSURE A NIPAL. 
 
 tTin + + T HA ^ V, « <* - <^ -im- ^ -m< v 
 
 Bit -mas-raasu Assur-bani-pal sar Assur rubu pa -lull sa 
 
 Bitmasmasu, Assurhani]Kil kinj of Assyria, the prince her worshi])per, 
 
 2. <^ -^T 5= ^T (V. :=: -v^ ^T) JTtt W - <l£j ^ (V. t^) -<v 
 
 sakkanaku biniit (v. bi-nu-iit) qati sa sa ina ki -be (v. bi) - ti 
 the high priest, the work of her hands, ivho by her great 
 
 V ty ^T - m -an t* t^nr f?< -ti-^ -t<t^ <m -^n 
 
 sa rab - tu ina qit - ru - ub ta - lia - zi ik - ki - sii 
 
 command, in the midst of ivar had cut off 
 
 (v.--.>-^TD 3. vyy:!: £:<f y ^^T t-Tii « « \^c:^,tum 
 
 (v. ikkisu) qaqqaclu Te- um -man sar Elam 
 
 the head of Teumman king of Elam. 
 
 < y P^yyy « ^e ^ y ^y ey -yy<T ^T T ^ A-] -Vi 
 
 va 
 
 Um -man- i -gas 
 
 Tam-ma - ri - 
 
 ■ tu 
 
 Pa - he 
 
 And 
 
 Ummanigas, 
 
 Tam,marita, 
 
 
 Pahe, 
 
 y fcyil « till Ifcl 4. V ^Eij y ^^y t-yyy « :p i 
 
 Um -man- al - das sa arku Te - um -man epusu 
 
 and Ummanaldas, who after Teumman rided 
 
 (v. ty? *^^ I) « ^y X- <rT £T <IeJ ^ m -A< V t]- ^T 
 
 (v. e -pu-su) saru-ut Elam inatugul- ti sa rab-tu 
 
 the kingdom of Elam ; in her great service 
 
 ^T ^I< (V- Jin) x^ -i£n ^ -T< ET 5. - ty V 
 
 qa - ti (v. qati) iksud su - nu - ti va ina iz - sa 
 
 my hands captured them, and to my war 
 
 V tSTI <T^ (^- V-) ^Jn t<] « ^y< v/ r (V. ^^L -) 
 
 sa - da - di (v. sadadi) ru - du saru- ti ya azbat (v. az -bat) 
 chariot, my royal carriage, I fastened 
 
 ntlT '^-<V< - -<2I -IT<I V <I& -I< - -<^ ".^ **^ I— 
 
 su -nu - ti va ina zik - ri sa kab - ti ina kul-lat matati 
 them. And in her gramd might, in all countries 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 305 
 
 (V. \- X-) G. cif (M < El t^ ^TT<T -j^ Ifc < - ^T T- I 
 
 (v.matati) italliku -u va gab- ri. la isii-u ina im-mi su 
 
 / have marched, and a rival I have not. In those days 
 
 mm (V. m t>) ^nn h -T!<t (v. h <v/) -^ set? 
 
 kisal (v. ki - sal) bit Istar (v. Istar) belat ya 
 
 the altar of the house of Tshtar my lady, 
 
 ^ ^y ti? (V. tE) ^E^TT <« m 7. <T^ fin j^TIT I 
 
 ilia pe - e (v. i) - li es - ki si - kit - la su 
 
 of marble T carved its sculioture; 
 
 tlTic ^:p - ]} ^] - (v. V tt]) -T< --] t^-£t -TI! 
 
 u - rab - bi a - na sat (v, sa - at) - ti Belat 
 
 / set it up to 'please Beltis. 
 
 -sm (V. m it-) I Tf *T <T- ET tEId <T; 8. t^i <m 
 
 kisal (v. ki -sal)su-a-tu pan ma- sar si uk - ki 
 
 That altar before its sanctuary ij) I placed. 
 
 (v. -t]d) ^Vj Vi -^h (v. V; T? ^D T -W ^_ T? 
 
 (v. ka) ya - a - ti (v. ya - a - te) Assur-bani - pal 
 
 To me, Assurbanip>al, 
 
 (V. T - :f !=S 5?^!) * ^T H '=TTT'= -<T< <IeJ eT- -T< 
 
 (v. Assur-bani- pal) pa-lah Ilu - u - ti ki rab- ti 
 
 worshipping thy great divinity, 
 
 -i^\ V (v. <K) ^y f- (v. ^y y— ) i^- y-^ 9. A-Tlh" 
 
 ba -lad (v. balad) im-mi (v. immi) araki dabu 
 
 [^u'e] health, long days, and soimd 
 
 ^m :^ <iej :^ 5^TT ET ^ ^] m ^im + + 
 
 lib - bi ki - bi - is va ittaliku Bit -mas- mas u 
 
 heart, ivorshipping and going to Bitmasmasu, 
 
 lai ^n? t^ EciT <jEiT T{ Vi 
 
 lu - lab - bi - ra sepa - ai 
 may iuy feet grout old. 
 
 2 11 
 
306 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 The principal political event mentioned in this division is the 
 capture of Ummanaldas king of Elam. After the destruction of 
 Shushan, Ummanaldas remained a fugitive in the mountains, while 
 Assurbanipal held possession of the country. He ultimately fell 
 into the hands of the Assyrians, and was sent to Nineveh, at which 
 place Tammaritu and Pahe his rivals, and Vaiteh king of Arabia, 
 were then in captivity. According to Cylinder A* these four captive 
 kings were fastened to the yoke of the royal chariot, and drew 
 Assurbanipal to the gate of the temple of Nineveh. Similar 
 barbarous triumphs are related of other conquerors of antiquity. 
 
 I have supposed, from a fragment of an unpubHshed tablet, that 
 Assurbanipal afterwards restored Ummanaldas, and that the Elamite 
 monarch revolted, and was again conquered by Assurbanipal ; but 
 this is very doubtful. 
 
 As this division closes the campaigns of Assurbanipal, I here 
 give a table of the later royal families of Elam, so far as we 
 know them from the inscriptions. 
 
 * The Memorial Slab gives the four Elamite kings, Ummanigas, Tammaritu, Pahe 
 and Ummanaldas, as the captives who were yoked to the chariot ; but Ummanigas had 
 been dead some years, so that Cylinder A must be more correct, in giving Tammaritu, 
 Pahe and Ummanaldas the Elamites, and Vaiteh the Arabian. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 307 
 
 
 
 
 
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308 
 
 ASS URBAN I PAL. 
 
 PART XIY. 
 
 The Buildings of Assurhanipal. 
 
 TEXTS. 
 
 The most perfect texts relating to Assurbanipal's buildings are 
 Cylinder A, col. x, lines 31 to 110, and an Extract from col. x, 
 Cylinder D. There are several other texts, but they are in a very 
 mutilated condition. 
 
 Cylindeh a, Column 10. 
 
 31- [m I '=TTTr ^ < --T< ^r ^^ -i? -m et- e^it 
 
 [As]-su Bit - rid - u - ti tim - ne - e e - kal [sa 
 Now Bitriduti, the privateij') palace of 
 
 mi m\ 
 
 NinuaJ 
 Nineveh, 
 
 33. "ETT T 
 
 sa 
 luhich 
 
 bani ya 
 my begetter' 
 
 [alu] zi - i - ru na - ram Is -tar 
 
 the grand city, the delight of Ishtai^; 
 
 Sin - ahi - irba sar Assur abu abi 
 
 Sennacherib hing of Assyria, the grandfather 
 
 34. M) V- D T? ►^r -^ 5?=IdJ ^:s -^T< I 
 
 [e - pu -su] a - na mu- sab saru - ti su 
 built for his royal seat; 
 
 [Bit - rid - u - ti] su - a - tu ina immi ya - a - ti 
 that Bitriduti iri my days 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 309 
 
 [la - ba - ri - is] il - lik e - na -ha igari su 
 
 became old, and its chamher-ivalls decayed. 
 
 a- na - ku Assur-bani-pal [sar] rab-u sar dan - nu 
 /, Assurhanipal, the great king, the powerful king, 
 
 38. sE:s <7K [W -T< s^SS *--^ HA <IeJ] £^ ti} -TT- 
 
 sar kis - [sa - ti sar Assur] sar kip - rat 
 
 king of imtions, king of Assyria, king of the four 
 
 tt ^^^ 39. ^ I <iEj tTT? s^mT W\ < -<V\ JT }} -m 
 
 arba- te as-su ki -rib Bit -[rid -ii- ti] su - a - tu 
 
 regions, within that Bitriduti 
 
 <T-TT<T --T ]) 40. HA H «< -T ^T H A-H -^III 
 
 ar - ba - a Assur Sin Samas Vul Bel 
 
 grew up. Assur, Sin, Shamas, Vid, Bel, 
 
 H -B H <v/ w mi] <m -I titi -IT- ^m -^ -tt<t 
 
 Nabu Istar sa Ninua II - sar - rat Kit - mu - ri 
 
 Neho, Ishtar of Nineveh the divine queen of Kitmuri, 
 
 41. -^KV/ V tt H<© -1+ H<-^TT H*l£j 
 
 Istar sa Arba - il Ninip Nergal Nusku 
 
 Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, Nergal and Nicsku, 
 
 * * * * abil sar -u **** *** 
 
 **** **** *4^** *** 
 
 t^Se JTi^ I -^ A-W 44. ne^ -gTi t^z .gy <- nai 
 
 zu - lul su-nu dabu * * * sa kal - la me * * * 
 
 their good protection, *** ********* 
 
 <^tH m] 45. [c<Tr lEj .^] jtyn ^ tf 5V^ ]] tET :f tsff 
 
 eli ya [is -ku-nu] ultu ina kuzzu abi bani ya 
 
 over me \_fxed\ when on the throne of the father my begetter 
 
310 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ^WKh-^^- 46. *^ VI £s: IdJ ^- I SiiiMKMgl 
 
 II - si - bu i - te - ni - ib - bu -su * * * * va 
 
 / sat. They were made (J) * * * * and 
 
 nisi rapsati * * * * pu - ha - de - e 
 
 rtiany people **** ^i^***** 
 
 48. eTT UliHiiT ^T -^T< m) 49. !=nT- Jif^ 4S mi 
 
 sa * * * * * qa - ti ya u - pa- sa * * * 
 
 * ***** my hands * * * * * * 
 
 tiJm ^ <m m I 49. >- £T T? T? ^i<i -^ <T- s^^TTi ^m 
 
 in ni ki - rib su ina ma- ha - al mu- si * * * * 
 
 me within it. In all the night * * * * 
 
 ^mm v^ t£Tf 50. - V V ^Vi -TT<T -H T' m^ iim 
 
 * * * * * ya ina sa se e - ri - ba nu- u * * 
 
 * * * * * my in ********* ** 
 
 ^ < TJ 51. + ttyiT IeJJT T? ^T -^ t> mmii I JT 
 
 - ta - ku su - a -tu mu-sal * * * su su 
 tJuit mastaku * * ***** 
 
 52. H T— ty V>- <V \- -^TT 
 
 Ili rabati si -mat su 
 
 the great Gods its account (?) have 
 
 TT mm <h^)-t^ 53. H ^M v-T<T >5£TT 
 
 damqati an - hu - us - su 
 
 good, its decay 
 
 mm s I ^ fc* V- s^y (v- jt) 54. ^th een t? ^y 
 
 * * * as-su ru-up-pu- us (v. su) 
 
 * * * to increase 
 
 -IT slid Hf< I -a -TT 55. gim^ «5 T? 
 
 si - hir - ti su aq -qur * * * 50 
 
 whole of it I destroyed. * * ^ Fifty 
 
 ru -u-a 
 
 mi 
 
 * * * 
 
 
 (V. -^T) 
 
 < ET 
 
 (v. tu) 
 
 u va 
 
 * * * 
 
 * * 
 
 ^^ ^^TT 
 
 
 1 - sim 
 
 * * * 
 
 heard {?) 
 
 * * * 
 
 ri 
 
 * 
 
 * * * a- na 
 
 * * * the 
 
 : ..y ^y< ^ <igf 
 
 ti - ip - ki 
 tipki 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 311 
 
 ^ ^] <y^ ^]]] ^T< I 56. MMm ^h ^T< -T<^ ^^- >^^^ 
 
 mas-gan si - kit - ti su * * * * pi - ti - ig (v. tig) 
 
 the building its sculpture * * * * the tvork 
 
 ^T -^T [y? I ^yn-] ^t -^tt ^'^- ^-^ * """f ^^^ ^^^'^ ^^'^ 
 
 ud- la [-a su u] -mal- li la pa - an es - re - e 
 
 of the mound 1 completed. Before the temples of 
 
 Hi rabati beli ya ap - luh * * * * ud- la - a 
 
 the great Gods mij lords I worshipped. * * * Of that 
 
 t] ]] ^m ^9- <T- -HT K< I] <-T^ -W -!l53f= <IhJ 
 
 7u-a- tu si -kit- [ti su] ul - u - sak - ki 
 
 raound its sculpture(f) I did not cut down 
 
 [^yy<T t:]} -^TI] ^o. - ^^? ^ j^TTT^ ^T T- ^ T- -T? 
 
 fre - e - su] ina arah dabu im-mi se-me- e 
 
 its top. In a good month and a prosperous day, 
 
 (y. ^ ^yyy^) ^^^? ^y ^^y []} jy y? -^y] 6i. ^^y i ::b] <y* 
 
 (v. sime) zir ud-la [-a su-a- tu] ussi su ad- di 
 
 upon that mound its foundation I placed, 
 
 AW I^II JT- "^t t-S^ ^-^fT] ^>2. ^ ^ ^y:3f= <y-igij 
 
 u - kin lab - na [- as - su] ina bi - ris va 
 
 / fixed its brickwork In biris and 
 
 ::<!< ^cid ^ h:h I --T fmmm «3. ^^ ??< ?} 
 
 ka - mis pi su ab * * * * am - ha - za 
 
 kamis its face / * * * * / divided 
 
 sal-su * * * * ina zu - um -bi- i Elam 
 
 in three(f) * * * in chariots of Elam, 
 
 65. V - <E -yiTT H y-— ^y- y---- -n y^- -^t; 
 
 sa ina ki - bit Hi rabati beli ya 
 
 which by comma?} d of the great Gods my lords 
 
312 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 66. m m -ET n -^T -T? EU< ^m si^t < ►-t< jt t? -set 
 
 as - lu - la a - na e - pis Bit - ridu - u - ti sa - a - tu 
 / carried off; to make tJmt Bitriduti, 
 
 67. tTf? J— ^.^ ^ -£T? - ^TTT :^ tE ^? ^ -eeT t^::^^^ AT? I 
 
 nisi mati ya in a lib-bi i -zab-bi- tu libni su 
 
 the people of my country in the midst, took its bricks. 
 
 68. ^:s?T— "-" T? -TT<T ^ "gTT - T? <W ^i\] A-TTT m < 
 
 sarri A- ri -bi sa ina a- di - ya ih - du -u 
 
 I7ie kings of Arabia who against my agreement sinned 
 
 69. V ^ e<2<<:j *y }f< .yy<y .i^y^ [mEj] ^.y<y .-^yy ^y?? 
 
 sa ina qabal tarn -ha- ri bal - [du] - us - su - un 
 whom in the midst of battle alive I had 
 
 m^ ^} ^ -^T [- JTrt] 70. y? ^\ s=y? m 
 
 u - zab - bi - tu [ina qati] a - na - e - pis 
 
 cap)tiired [in hand'], to make 
 
 cyyyy p^ < ^y< jy y? ^y 71. ^y ti<y jgj scTlT II IeT 
 
 Bit -ridu-u- ti su-a- tu iz- al - lu mus -sik-ku 
 
 that Bitriduti heavy burdens 
 
 [tTTT>= V S <T- I -j^ -<T< £T] 72. cyyyc v ^SH :2 [-eET] 
 
 [u -sa-as- si su-nu- ti va] u -sa- az -bi- [tu] 
 
 [/ caused them to carry, and~\ I caused them to take 
 
 * * * * la - bi - in libni su * * * * 
 
 * * * * building its brickwork * * * * 
 
 74. - ty? ^£gyy ^g^yy t^t] t-^ ^v t^ mmm 75. - 
 
 ina e - li - li nin - gu - ti ub * * * ina 
 
 with dancing ij) and music * * * * with 
 
 I ^TT T— -TT<T V T? -T< <^V -m [-sET I T? <T* 
 
 hidati ri - sa - a - ti ul - tu [ussi su a - di 
 
 joy and shouting, from [its foundation to 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 313 
 
 -^ M :^ I] 76. <MT<T / <-::Id V -^11 -n<T 
 
 gab - lu - bi su] ar -zip cli sa mah - ri 
 
 its TOof~\ I built. More than before 
 
 JT -mmmmM. 77. tyyyc sEid -Tr<T }]< tu 
 
 su ****** u- sar - ri - ha ip 
 
 ****** / extended 
 
 nmmmm 78. ty:;^«5iTF~ ^yiEiiE-ffl -biu— 
 
 * * * * gusuri erini zirati 
 
 * * * * beariis and great planks 
 
 trlTT <* -TT tt\] &TT 79. ^- tyy? -^y -^y ^yyy^ v ^yy<y [?? 
 
 ultu Si - ra - ra Lab - na - na u - sat- ri -[za 
 
 from Sirara and Lebanon, I fixed 
 
 m -EgTT JT 80. ty ^y<y^ y-^ ^ggyy teyj y? .yy<y v 
 
 e] - li su dalti li - ya - a - ri sa 
 
 over it. Doors of forest trees, 
 
 W? -TW ■^Tl] ^y A^W 81. y^ ^^yyy ^y-tid + 
 
 [e - ri - si-] na dabu mi - sir kipar 
 
 their ivood excellent, a covering ofco2:>2^er 
 
 ^W tv <7K [ET] ^W -TT- iBm m ^Siz}] y-^^ i 
 
 u - rak - kis [va] u - rat - ta - [a bab] - i su 
 I spread over, and hung in its gates. 
 
 82. py ^t^s^ T- "Bii V— ^3 mmmmi ss. ^ ^y ^y< 
 
 tim -mi zirati eru * * * * hi- it - ti 
 
 Ch^eat columns of bronze * * * * at the sides 
 
 -^■i T— ^mmmrn 84. dfyyy ^] !=yyy»= ^v jy y? -egy 
 
 babi ***** Bit - rid - u - ti su - a - tu 
 
 of the gates ***** That Bitriduti, 
 
 ^ *tll [;£hS --T< mw 85. y? ^y ^yy ^h --T< I 
 
 mu - sab [saru - ti ya] a - na si - hir - ti su 
 
 my royal seat, the whole of it I 
 
 2 s 
 
314 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL- 
 
 ^w -^w tm m -E^n -v, sg. i=n!- ^] (v. £i ^kd -emit 
 
 u - sak - 111 111 - le - e u -mal (v. ma- al) - li 
 
 finished, entirely I completed. 
 
 ^T tEld ^H^ 87. V 4i ^ A mS T? -^T ^tH t^ITT < ^T< 
 
 kiii puluq sa sa - sa - hi * * a- na mul - ta -u- ti 
 
 Plantations choice, ******* for the glory of 
 
 88. « ^]< \tt\W ^ 
 saru- ti [ya] az 
 my kingdom 
 
 " c[u - pa i - ta - a - te - e - su 
 / planted like walls. 
 
 (V. tE sHTIT T{ ^T <«) 89. ]^ <E I— IH -IT<T A-HPPf --!< 
 
 (v. i - ta - a - te - es) * * niqi ur - ri - ih - ti 
 
 Sacrifices and libations p>recious 
 
 aq - qa - a a - na Hi beli ya iiia hidati 
 
 / poured out to the Gods my lords. With joy and 
 
 -TT<T V T? ^T< '=TrT'= seH -!W I 9i- ^T? ^JCfl ti^ <IeJ ^T!? 
 
 ri - sa - a - ti u - sar - ri su e - rii - ub ki - rib 
 
 shouting I completed it, I entered into 
 
 I ^ }} ^yy^ !.5^ ^ ty? 92. y? ^y t<m ^T T- C^- ^yy— ) 
 
 su ina za- rat tak - ne - e 
 it in a state j^alaquini^). 
 
 a - na arku im - mi (v. immi) 
 To after days. 
 
 ina sarri abli ya 
 
 among the kings my sons, 
 
 -Ey? 93. -gyy HA < H <\V V> ^y 
 
 sa Assur va Istar a - na 
 whomever Assur and Ishtar to the 
 
 ^ ^yk ^-^ <]-m ^T?n— 
 
 be - kit mati va nisi 
 
 dominion of the country and ^^eo^ile 
 
 94. c£ ^y<y^ ^^ tyyyp 
 
 i - nam - bu - u 
 shcdl 2^'*'^^^^^'^'^^^ 
 
 -yyv E?f< I 
 
 zi - kir su 
 
 his name ; 
 
 95. !.y? ^ Ey i^yyyi ^ < -<r< jy y? ^y 
 
 e - nu va Bit - ridu - u - ti su - a - tu 
 when this Bitriduti becomes 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 315 
 
 t i^TI? ^ 'iin i^W) £T 96. .t:^ ^} -M -T -H ^-M -.^tT 
 
 i-lab-bi- ru (-u) va in -na-hu an -ha- us su 
 
 old and decays, its decay he 
 
 lu -ud-dis mu- sar - u si - dir sumi ya abi ya 
 
 s/ia?Z repair, the inscription wintten of my 7iame my father's and 
 
 SET tET ^EU 98. ^<> t^iT ^ m^ "gn i^^^l 
 
 abu abi ya ziru da - ru - u sa * * * * 
 
 my grandfathers, the remote descendant who * * * * 
 
 EElT (flD A* £T 99. 5^ Eft JI 5?^ M <E: -^I^ <IeI 
 
 le (-e) - miu' va kisal lab-su-us * * niqi akki 
 
 slmll see, and an cdtar sJmll raise, sacrifice and libations shall pour out, 
 
 100. ^i ^T< -^ SU ^W <y -m? -^^ I ;^ -TA-TTT 
 
 it - ti mu - sar - e si - dir sumi su lis - kun 
 and ivith the inscription written of his name shall p)lace; 
 
 101. .^n— EM— EI ^E! -^ ^Id ^T? H ^ ^T? V 'mi 
 
 Ili rabati ma -la mu- sar - e an - ne - e sad- ru 
 
 the great Gods all in this inscription named, 
 
 102. <IEJ EI (V. <^I) ::£!? I? ^I< EI ^ tin IeI 5f<T 
 
 ki - ma (v. kima) ya - a - ti va lis ru - ku - us 
 like me also, shcdl establish to him 
 
 103. t^IT -^I -^ iVM -=^11 ^t -EEl 104. -glT 
 
 da - na - nu va li - i - tu sa 
 
 power and O^ory. Whoever 
 
 ^ JtJ -III- <I- -II? -^ -EI? 105. ::EI ::£!? CEl tEl CEl? 
 
 mu- sar - u si - dir sumi ya abi ya abu abi ya 
 
 the inscription loritten of my name, my father^ s and my grandfather s, 
 
 Idl --I -£EI 106. ^I -.I< «^ tihl tE I -EI 
 ib - ba - tu it - ti mu - sar - i su la 
 
 destroys, and with his inscription does not 
 
316 
 
 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 cE tTT:?= -tid ^ 1 07. .^14 H <« ^\ *T -^r 44f ^^yn 
 
 i - sak - ka -nu 
 
 Assur Sin Samas Vul Bel 
 Assur, Sin, Shmnas, Vul, Bel, 
 
 Nabu 
 Nahic, 
 
 108. 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 109. 
 
 ^TTT >^ -TT<T 
 
 Kit-mu- ri 
 KitmuH, 
 
 Nergal Nusku 
 
 Nergal and Nusku, 
 
 sa 
 of 
 
 H <'tV 
 
 Istar 
 Ishtar 
 
 Ninua II sar - rat 
 
 Nineveh the divine queen of 
 
 sa Arba - il Ninip 
 
 of Arbela, Ninip,, 
 
 no. <T!?= i^V, ^ (v. :«:) 
 
 de - e - nu (v. ni) 
 a judgment 
 
 it - ti ni - bit suini ya li - di - nu - us 
 
 equal to the renoivn of my name, may they pass 07i him. 
 
 111. --y £15 E^< V *! T 
 
 Arab Nisannu immi 1 
 
 Month Nisan, 1st day, 
 
 112. <y^ >^ 
 
 lim - mu 
 eponym, 
 
 Samas- da - in - an - ni sa-nat Akkadi 
 
 Slianuisdainani 
 
 prefect of Akkad, 
 
 Date on another Copy. 
 
 a. 
 
 « "" 
 
 -^T IeII --TtT '^T ^^ ITTT 
 Arab Ukilu immi 28 
 
 Month Ehd, 28th day, 
 
 h. iy y 
 
 lim - mi 
 eponym 
 
 Samas- da - in -a-ni sanat Bab- ili 
 
 Shamasdainani prefect of Babylon. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 317 
 
 Fragment of Column X, Cylinder D. On the Eepair 
 OF THE Wall of Nineveh. 
 
 «• ^ ^T T- I ET ^B! £<H:; -::TT "ilT tSU! <IeI 
 
 Ina im -mi su va dur qabal alu sa Niiiua 
 In those days, the ivall round the city of Nineveh, 
 
 *■ "iTT T H«< -V T— -^TT « *-" -V <IeJ tt] tt) :p^ teT? 
 
 sa Sin - ahi - irba sar Assur abu abi bani ya 
 
 ivhich Sennacherib king of Assyria the grandfather begetting me, 
 
 ^1? '^- I c. -gn - Vi H i^^^ =^T < -^T< KIT T? <W 
 
 e - pii - su sa ina zunni dah - du - u - ti ra - a - di 
 
 had made ; lohich by copious rains and swelling 
 
 c^ jl < ^|< d. "gn *-^ --T< m^ £T - -^V tET? 
 
 gab - su - u - ti sa san - ti sam - ma ina pal - ya 
 
 floods, ivhich every year in my time, 
 
 -T Afl -TTT- ^.^ <T* £=TT - *-"^ tt)} e. [^t^^ h -II 
 
 Vul u -mad- di - ra ina mati ya [tim -mi] -in 
 
 Vid poured down on my country; its foundation 
 
 l':mWm^^^^^^ -T^T V Tfl / ^^M 
 
 su ir * * ub va i - qu - pa ri - sa - a su * * * * 
 
 had decayed and its top fallen in * * * * 
 
 -ET --T -IT* =^T m ^m^ I g- \rt^ V -II] m <m 
 
 la - ba - lis illiku * * * su [tim -me- en] ad - ki 
 
 old it had become * * * ^- \the foundation~\ I put 
 
 mmmm ^- imm^wmm ^- ^vA- i- -II [I 
 
 ak*** ***** i tim - me - en [su 
 
 together * * ***** its foundation I 
 
 m^-] m t^ET i. mmm -ii ^b jt Vr ^1 mmm 
 
 u] - dan - nin [tim - me] - en dur su - a - tu * * * 
 
 strengthened, the foundation of that wall * * * 
 
318 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 j- mmm ^ ^ mmm k. [<ty^ ^^y ^cet i t? <t:^] 
 
 * * * sad-du * * * [ul - tu ussi su a- di] 
 
 *** ** *** from its foundation 
 
 t^ lElI :^ i^T? I <T-Tr<T ^ '=111'= -}W E<E< ^- <-::H 
 
 gab - lu - be - e su ar -zip u - sak - lil eli 
 
 to its summit I huilt, I completed. Beyond 
 
 ^T T>- ^ CfP tTTT- m tV£T -t\ ]- -II I '«• »^ Jfcl < 
 
 im-mi pa- ni u -dan-nin tim -me- en su mu- sar -u 
 
 the former days I strengthened its foundation, an inscription 
 
 <y^ "pyyr? -^ -%]] < -sm S^T -^T< ^ e^TT ^T -<T< ^eT? 
 
 si - dir sumi ya va ta - us - ti qar - ra - du - ti ya 
 written of my name and an account of my victories, 
 
 n. ITT - -m -<^ -<V HA H«< -T^T -^TII -tTS 
 
 sa ina tu - crul - ti Assur Sin Samas Bel Nabu 
 by which in the service of Assm\ Sin, Shamas, Bel, Nahu, 
 
 o. H<V; "iTT ^HT<IeJ -T<',^' eIT -^TT tc H H+ 
 
 Is tar sa Ninua Istar sa Arba- il Niiiip 
 
 Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arhela, Ninip, 
 
 H am H <^n P- - V *<^^ -ET -TT<T -ET ^ S; IeJ ^ 
 
 Nusku Nergal ina matati at - tal - la - ku as - ku - nu 
 
 Nuslcu and Nergal, in the countries I had marched through I had 
 
 m^ -^y ^ < -sST -E *T q- S 4^5: ET Tf ^T 
 
 da - na - nu va li - i - tu as - dur va a - na 
 
 established power and glory; I ivrote, and to 
 
 ab - rat im-mi e - zib, &c. 
 after days I left, dc. 
 
 Bitriduti, wbicb was probably a name for tlie harem of the king, 
 is the northern palace at Kouyunjik, from which the fragments of 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. 319 
 
 Cylinder A and its duplicates were brought. Unfortunately all the 
 texts relating to the buildmgs of Assurbanipal are very mutilated, 
 and most of them are not worth publishing. Besides those given 
 here, the two principal texts are — the first column of Cylinder C, 
 published in a mutilated form in Cuneif Inscrip., Vol. Ill, page 27 
 (since the publication of these fragments, I have completed a con- 
 siderable part of the text from duplicates); and the last part of 
 K, 2675, which gives the rebuilding of the temple of the moon at 
 Harrau. 
 
320 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 PART XV. 
 
 Later Notices of his Reign, and Sketch of the Chronology. 
 
 The later notices of the reign of Assurbanipal are few — they 
 are confined to some references on the later Eponym Tablets, 
 passages on 48.7-20J19 and 48.11-4.282, and the Genealogies in 
 the Inscriptions of his son Assur-ebil-ili-(kainm). One of the latter 
 inscriptions is published in Cuneif. Inscrip., Vol. I, p. 8, No. 3, and 
 another in Cuneif. Inscrip., Vol. Ill, p. 16, No. 2. 
 
 Only one historical point of any importance results from these 
 fragmentary notices. It appears from 48.11-4.282, that the Assyrians 
 still retained possession of Babylonia after the death of Assurbanipal. 
 The chronology of the reign of Assurbanipal is imperfect, from two 
 causes — first, the fragmentary state of that part of the eponym canon 
 which refers to this reign ; and second, because the arrangement of 
 the historical inscriptions of Assurbanipal appears to be geographical 
 rather than chronological. The eponym canon, which is perfect from 
 the reign of Tugulti Ninip II to the third eponym in the reign of 
 Assurbanipal, there breaks off, and there is more or less uncertainty 
 about all the names and fragments below this date. 
 
 The fragments of the eponym canon belonging to the reign of 
 Assurbanipal, are as follows : — 
 
 a. Part of Canon 1 (restored), the dates attached to these names 
 are satisfactorily established — 
 
 y >:yy^ ^^y ^y^.-yy<y y^, Marlarml, B.C. 668. 
 
 y Jryyyi^ sr^^y -^y ^, Cabbaru, „ 667. 
 
 y -:r? j^s^y ]] yf , pebitai „ (sq>q>. 
 
ASSURBANIPAL. ;521 
 
 h. Part of Canon I (restored). The position and dates of these 
 eponymes are uncertain ; there were prol^ably two names between 
 a and h: — 
 
 T -II tE> 
 
 Bel-nahid, 
 
 B.C. 663 (!) 
 
 T ^ A4f <«. 
 
 Dabu-sar-sin, 
 
 „ 662(?) 
 
 T ^cTI « H T? T}. 
 
 Arbailai, 
 
 „ 661 (?) 
 
 T -^TIT TT ^-s^- -^T' 
 
 Girzabuna, 
 
 „ G60(?) 
 
 r -TT <T- -V. 
 
 Silim-assur, 
 
 „ 659(0 
 
 €. Part of Canon III, which I shonld judge to extend from 
 B.C. 657 to 648 :— 
 
 T V -T * .IT <. 
 
 Sa-nabu-su, 
 
 B.C. 
 
 657(?) 
 
 T -ET --T -TT. 
 
 Labasi, 
 
 
 656 (?) 
 
 T t^TT <!eJ &TT -y- 
 
 Milki-ramu, 
 
 
 655 (?) 
 
 T i=A -ET? T? -^> 
 
 Amyanu, 
 
 
 654 (?) 
 
 T -^v ^ ^, 
 
 Assur-nazir, 
 
 
 653(?) 
 
 T -V -T T? Tf. 
 
 AssLir-ilai, 
 
 
 652 (?) 
 
 T -V ^B ^' 
 
 Assur-dur-uzur, 
 
 
 651(0 
 
 T :m t*^ 's^-. 
 
 Sagabbu, 
 
 
 650(?) 
 
 T -II ^ ^' < T?. 
 
 Bel-harran -sadua, 
 
 
 649 (?) 
 
 T ^ T— -T Tf Tf 
 
 Ahi-ilai, 
 
 
 648 (?) 
 
 With Ahi-ilai ends Canon III, and although we have more 
 than twenty names of later eponymes, we have no means at present 
 of arranging them in chronological order. The eponym in whose 
 year of ofHce Cylinder B was written probably comes next, the 
 name is ] »^JJ J *^, Bel-sunu, B.C. 647 (?) ; and the governor of 
 Samaria, ] *^*^]i^ iK ^ ^>-y-*^ J, Nabu-sar-ahi-su, probably succeeded 
 in B.C. 646. The eponymy of Samas-dain-ani, in which Cylinder A 
 is dated, was probably about B.C. 640, but we cannot even con- 
 jecture the dates of the others. 
 
 Samaria in the time of Sennacherib and Esarliaddon was still 
 ruled by kings, and the fact of an Assyrian governor and eponym 
 
 2 T 
 
322 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 ruling at Samaria cir. B.C. 646, shows that in the interval, Samaria 
 had been incorporated into the Assyrian empire, instead of being 
 only under tribute. 
 
 It seems on consideration of the foregoing campaigns, that the 
 arrangement of the narratives is rather geographical than historical ; 
 but, as we have no other guide, we must assume that the principal 
 events happened in something like the order in which we find 
 them recorded. The first campaign, which was directed against 
 Tirhakah, must have taken place at or near the commencement of 
 Assurbanipal's reign, about B.C. 668 or 667 ; but we have no means 
 of fixing the date of the second expedition, which was directed 
 against Urdamane. The third campaign, directed against Tyre, is 
 still more doubtful, and we have no knowledge of the length of 
 time the city was besieged. I am even inchned to think that the 
 investment of the city was commenced by Esarhaddon when he 
 started on his Egyptian expedition, and that the city was besieged 
 for some years. My reasons for this opinion are founded on a frag- 
 ment at the British Museum, which I think belongs to Esarhaddon, 
 and which states that the city of Tyre was besieged on the tenth 
 expedition of the king ; it afterwards mentions that he went from 
 Muzur (Egypt) to Milukha (Ethiopia or Upper Egypt). On the 
 other hand, some of the events mentioned under the third expe- 
 dition in Cylinder A (the revolt of Psammitichus, death of Gyges, 
 and submission of Ardys), which are not in the earlier copies 
 (Cylinders B and C), evidently belong to a much later period in the 
 history. These events are out of place attached to the third cam- 
 paign, because in the next campaign (the fourth expedition of 
 Cylinder B) the conquered people were transported to Egypt, which 
 shows that Psammitichus had not yet revolted. We have no clue 
 to the dates of the other expeditions, until we come to the revolt 
 of Saulmugina. According to the dated tablets this rebellion com- 
 menced in the eponymy of Assurduruzur, and continued during the 
 eponymies of his two successors, Sagab and Bilharransadua. We 
 have no positive evidence of the date of the close of the revolt, but 
 it was probably crushed in the eponymy of Ahiilai. Now these four 
 eponymes are the last names in Canon III, and probably extended 
 from B.C. 651 to 648. 
 
ASSURBAXIPAL. 323 
 
 It is evident that Assnrbanipal reigned for some years after the 
 last events mentioned in his annals, but the history of this period 
 is unkno^\^l. One of the most important points connected with 
 the latter part of his reign is the question of the government of 
 Babylonia. Ptolemy's Canon gives after Saosduchin or Saulmugina, 
 ^Icrivikahdvov or KcvrjXaSdvov, with a reign of twenty-two years. 
 These forms are corruptions of some Assyrian name, and several 
 conjectures have been hazarded as to their origin, but it has not 
 hitherto been discovered, and I was in ignorance of it myself until 
 this sheet was in the press. I now find from the tablet K, 195, that 
 this was a name of Assurbanipal. I have long known that the 
 later Assyrian monarchs sometimes bore two names, one instance of 
 this custom is printed in Cuneif Inscrip. Vol. Ill, p. 16, where we 
 have y '-'-V ^TTTT ""T^T^ ^T ^ESf^T' Assur-ebil-mukin-pal, the 
 second name of Esarhaddon ; the tablet was inscribed in the reign of 
 Sennacherib (the father of Esai'haddon), who writes as foUows : 
 " To Assur-ah-iddina (Esarhaddon) my son, whom afterwards 
 Assui^-ebil-mukin-pal by name I called." Another instance is the 
 name ] "^^TII "^ V ^TyT' Bel-sum-iskun, or Bel-zikir-iskun ; this 
 is the second name of another late Assyrian king, either Shalmaneser 
 or Sargon, probably the latter. In an enumeration of Assyrian 
 monarchs Bel-zikir-iskun comes between Tiglath Pileser and Sen- 
 nacherib. This custom of having two names may account for two 
 facts, the absence of the name of Pul in our present Assyrian 
 inscriptions, and the name of Sennacherib m Canon III, which is 
 Assur-ahi-iriba instead of Sin-ahi-ii'iba. 
 
 K, 195, gives another illustration of this practice, as it records 
 the other name of Assm-banipal, which is ] >-'^] <« ^i "^""y S^^^f^T 
 (y. yj), Sm-inadina-pal (v. pal). I have akeady given inscriptions 
 (p-p. 4 to 13) which state that Esarhaddon associated his son Assur- 
 banipal with himself on the throne ; in accordance with that fact 
 there are several tablets of the reign of Esarhaddon in which 
 Assurbanipal's name is joined with his own in adoration to the deity 
 Shamas. On most of these tablets the name of Assurbanipal is 
 written as usual, but on one of them (K, 195) the name is twice given 
 Sininadinapal ; and it is easy to see that the fii-st part of this name, 
 Sininadina, is the origin of Isiniladanus, the only material change 
 
324 ASSURBANIPAL. 
 
 being the alteration of the Assyrian n into the Greek I, a change 
 which has been made hkewise in several Babylonian names ; thus the 
 Greeks often turned the name of the god Nabu into Labo or Laby, 
 (as in Nabonidus or Labynetus). 
 
 The following is a translation of an extract from Esarhaddon's 
 tablet (K, 195): " Sin-inadina-pal son of Assur-ah-iddma, king of 
 Assyria, whose name on this tablet is inscribed, to the Government in 
 the earth, in the presence of thy great divinity Shamas great lord, 
 he is proclaimed and estabhshed." The statement here that 
 Sininadina-pal was proclaimed to the government shows him to be 
 the same as Assurbanipal whom Esarhaddon joined with himself in 
 the government. If Sininadinapal be the same as Assurbanipal king 
 of Assyria, and the Isiniladanus king of Babylon of Ptolemy, then we 
 ought to tind inscriptions of Assurbanipal claiming the crown of 
 Babylon ; and accordingly we have on K, 3079, the mutilated titles of 
 Assurbanipal as king of Babylonia ; the translation is as follows : 
 " Assurbanipal, the great king, king of nations, king of Assyria [king 
 of] the four [regions], [high priest of Bab]-ih (Babylon), [king of 
 Sumir and] Akkad (Upper and Lower Babylonia), [son of Assur]- 
 ahi-iddma, [king of nations, king] of Assyria, [son of Sin]-alii-mba, 
 [king of nations, king] of Assyria," The same text probably formed 
 the heading of Cylinder 0. We have beside a regnal date of 
 Assurbanipal on a contract tablet from the city of Warka in 
 Babylonia, as follows: Jr<7^y {^ -^Tf t'Q ^f « "^^ >^ 
 « ^^ y '^'^lA H^ ^S5f^T' "<2i*y of Erech (Warka), month Nisan, 
 20th day, 20th year of Assurbanipal." 
 
 The fact that Samas-dain-ani, prefect of Babylon, took his turn 
 as eponym in the reign of Assurbanipal, also goes to prove the same 
 point. The identification of Assurbanij^al with the Kineladanus or 
 Isiniladanus of Ptolemy shows us that Assurbanipal reigned forty- 
 two years, and died in the year B.c, 626, when he was succeeded 
 by his son y >^ jryj >-< >->-y y-w^ Assur-ebil-ili, or y >^>-y-<^ ^TTTT *"T^T-^ 
 ,^,^y y,.>^^ J:;;;^y ^^^^ ^^, Assur-ebil-ili-kainni, of whose history 
 we know nothing: It is generally supposed that under him the 
 Assyrian empire was overthrown. 
 
325 
 
 NOTES. ADDITIONS, AND COIJEECTIONS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 2. The name of Assurbanipal. 
 
 I have overlooked one form of the name of Assurbanipal, namely, 
 
 Y ^,^Y yj y*^ »-^tJ *^^'^ •"•^T ?^Ea*^^- -"^^^ ^ ^°°^^ "^ ^^^ 
 
 Akkad or Turanian version of a bilingual tablet (K, 4933). This fceit is instructive, 
 as it was evidentlv composed in the time of Assurbanipal, and shows that the 
 Akkad form of writing was used for the composition of texts as late as the 
 middle of the 7th century B.C. 
 
 „ jrfyyy ^ < ^y<, Bit-ridmi. 
 
 The first character in this name signifies "house," the second "phallus;" 
 it probably meant "the harem." The first character i^"]]^] ^as very likely 
 sounded E, as in Cuneif. Inscrip., Yol. II, p. 2, No. cccliiv, and the whole 
 name E-riduti. It was probably the palace of Evorita, in which the last king 
 of Xineveh burnt himself, ^-tt a^^-^' * Y 
 
 4. CylinJer A, col. i, line 12. i:c. 
 
 In this passage and several other places we have allusion to the Assyrian 
 calendar and feasts. I have put together at the Museum a series of tablets (at 
 present unpublished), giving a complete calendar, and in illustration of these 
 passages, I will give a sketch of it. First, each month had a presiding deity 
 or deities ; these were : — 
 
 --} £& V --T I? <:rT < -! -=TII AM *i°°"> -^"-° °f 
 
 Anu ami Bel. 
 
 -— ? ^\^ V --T AV\\ Tt -II v^y ^ >" -^T -^T<' ^'^'^ i^^ 
 
 of Hea, lord of mankind. 
 
 ^::r? ^x<^ V -! <« f£ -n:t ^T< ^e V -AZ AM 
 
 Month Sivan of Sin, eldest son of Bel. 
 
 ^^T ^T V ^^ ^Ty X^ «--y t!^BT Id!' ^^^°*^ Tammuz of 
 the warrior Ninip. 
 
 of the mistress » « » » 
 
 {IfJ U. (fO, 
 
 ^^T Y^TY m ^^y >-^yy ^ J^ -^^^g^'^^, Month Elul of 
 
 t Ishtar, mistress ♦ * » » 
 
326 
 
 NOTES, ADDITIONS, 
 
 Tisri of Shamas, warrior of the universe. 
 
 -^T W HI -^I) -TUT- T- H T— -T <::'^T. 
 
 Month Marchesvan of the ruler of all the Gods, Merodach. 
 
 >ztiz 1^ ][]y[ *^]]^ t]^ '"•^T <^!T' ^^^^^1 Kisi^^ <^f <^'i^ g^^^^ 
 
 warrior Nergal. 
 
 tt] V -T "S^ -TTT< -TTT< H T? <;:^T < -T <-T4T. 
 
 Month Tebet of Papsukul, attendant of Anu and Ishtar. 
 
 m V -T A-ft +^ ET- -T -T? < <l£l -t^^• 
 
 Month Sebat of Vul, leader of heaven and earth. 
 
 seven great Gods. 
 
 tynf -^ V -W T? 
 
 father of the Gods. 
 
 T T— ET- T' 
 
 Month Adar of the 
 
 Mouth Veadar of Assur, 
 
 ^T 
 ^^T 
 ^T 
 
 ^T 
 
 T 
 
 TT. 
 
 TTT 
 
 ^T 
 
 TYY 
 YY 
 
 i^" 
 
 YYY 
 YYY 
 
 ^T 
 
 fYV 
 YYY 
 
 ^T 
 
 YYY 
 
 ^T 
 
 YYT 
 YYY 
 YYY 
 
 Each day of the month was a festival to a particular deity or deities, and 
 this succession of festivals vyas the same in each month, so that a list of the 
 daily festivals of one month answers for all the months of the year ; these festivals 
 are as follows (I have only transcribed the names of the festivals) : — 
 
 :J^ Y '-•^1 Iy ^^I K ^^III ^TTT' ^^* '^^y ^^ ^"" ^"'^ ^^^• 
 
 :t^ ^ '^^yV! T'"'"^' 2nd tlay of the Goddesses. 
 
 :jE "7^ -^ -£eT V H <::^^T -T ^ * tT^ Sv i=^lM' 
 
 3rd day nu-he-tto of Merodach and Zirbanit. 
 :^ -«^Y f:j:Y j:f:Y "^ >->-Y *^T^5 4th day ud-ah-ah of Nebo. 
 
 =tE T -T -II -TTTT *-" < -T <rt] tyyyy ^.\ sti, <iay 
 
 of Bel-esir and Belat-esir. 
 
 -j^ Y >-»^y ^^iT •^•^y t^-^y ^yyy' *^'*^* '^'^y '*^ ^^^ """"^ ^*^''- 
 
 z^^ ^ ^g Y ^^y <;;2:;i^y ^^y ^<;^ »^, rth day 
 
 nu-he-tu of Merodach and Zirbanit. 
 zi^ -^y JzJ^y J^J^y ^ >-*-y ^-Q, Sth day ud-ab-ab of Nebo. 
 ::^ Xir ^.^y >ip ^»-y -JVi^ >-^y, Oth day of Niuip and Gula. 
 
AND CORRECTIONS. .'V27 
 
 of Belat-csir va Dayan. 
 
 f/ »^^Y ]^^ jjt: Sj^I C^t^), nth day sa-lam-man-ni-ti of 
 Urinit and Zirpanit. 
 
 ^1 <n t^ s£? V V -::III -ITT -T t>£T -TTT. J^"- ^'-y ■-• ' 
 
 of Bel and Beltis. 
 
 ^r <v; ^^ V --y t^^y ^yyyy ^^y -^y :f v -jn v <« ^-y -^ii^ 
 
 loth day of tlie lady of Bit-anna, kaJc-sa-rit of Sin the great God. 
 
 ^T <!R ^iB-/ -< ^TE V (-T <::^T) -T St * =F j^ie - 
 
 16th day nu-be-tii of (Merodach and) Zirpanit. 
 ^y <^YYT jr^ ■'^y jr^y J^^y "^ .-.-y ^Q, irth day ud-ah-ah of Nebo. 
 
 ^y CtJ5 ^£^ idj ^^^ ^yyy^ v "^"^y t?-^ ^^y' ^^^^ ^^^^ ^■6-6w-« of ouia. 
 
 '^y <K ^^ "^y "^T 5^T V V <<^ < ^<' ^"^^' "^"^y zab-se-sa of the 
 Moon and Sun. 
 
 "^y <Xy ^^ ^ V ^iin V <« < <<' ^^^^ ^^-'^^ kaksa-rU of the 
 Moon and Sun. • 
 
 ^T «TT t^ P: V ^jn V <« < « seH V -T t-t] m hh 
 
 22nd day kak-sa-rit of the Moon and Sun, sar of Behit-ckal. 
 
 ^y ^<^yyy S:^ S^Idf V "^"^y "^y """^y A^yy' -^^^^ ^^^ ^'''' ^^ Shamas 
 and Vul. 
 
 ^T «V -^ V -T -II -TTTT £T- < -T t>BT -TTTT ET- 
 
 24th day of Bel-ekal and Belat-ekal. 
 
 ^T «'rV -^ V ETT -T<T V --TII tlTT --T -< <z -:?:{ '-T T— • 
 
 25th day sa-da-hu of Bel and the lady of Babylon. 
 
 ^T «;?? -^ ^JII ^VA ^t.m V -T -TTT? W -\ -Bll 
 
 26th day I'u-un-zun of Hea the great God. 
 
328 NOTES, ADDITIONS, 
 
 27tli day vii-lah-ta of Nergal, sa>' of Uk(?). 
 28th day of Hea hunmt of Nergal. 
 
 'T «!« -^ ^T <^S^ I? V -T <« ^T H V/TT H 
 
 of Sin, day angels and spirits are invoked. 
 
 Each day was also -^Y "^ a lucky day, or -^T "^A "^ an unlucky day ; and 
 the 7th, 14th, 19th, 2l8t, and 28th days were called -^J ^1*^11*^1 '"I"^!'^' 
 which is explained in a biUngual fragment as ^T '^^f: "su-lu" or "su-lum," 
 Hebrew HvK^ and D'^t^j meaning "rest." The calendar contains hsts of 
 works forbidden to be done on these days, which evidently correspond to the 
 sabbaths of the Jews. The 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th days of the month, 
 correspond with the four quarters of the moon in the limar calendar, and, like 
 the Jewish sabbaths, occurred after intervals of six days ; but I cannot find 
 any reason why the 19th day of the month was also a day of rest. 
 PAGE 
 
 5, line 15. "Kitmuri" was the name of the temple of Ishtar at Nineveh; on K, 11, 
 there is the variant reading J^yiyj ^][BJ ^'ip '^ *"TT^T' ^it-^idimuri. 
 „ line 20. Read "arka-nu" for "arku-nu." 
 „ line 24. Restoration doubtful. 
 
 7, line 3.9. I-na-ru, " they destroyed." 
 „ line 40. Na-ram, " the delight." 
 
 „ line 35. ^T^Y ^YYYY, kibit, "will" or "command." 
 
 Mr. Norris, iia Diet. p. 527, makes this word " honour," or " glory," and 
 allies it with "kabtu" and " kabittu ;" but "kibit" in the bilingual texts is the 
 equivalent of the Akkad >-^T>~T ^TTT-*^ "to speak." It is always to be 
 distinguished from kabtu and its allied words by the first vowel, which is " i " 
 in kibit, and "a" in kabtu. Kibit comes from gabu, "to speak." 
 
 „ line 38. .(^^ .-yy<y S:y][ »~<y<, esreti, "temples." 
 
 The singular form of this word I now beheve to be ^yyiy X'^^ " esir," 
 which I have always translated " temple." 
 
 8, lines 46 to 48. Very difficult passage. 
 
 It evidently indicates a year of plenty, when Assurbanipal came to the 
 throne; I would suggest as a better reading, "fivefold (v. fourfold) the seed 
 was fruitful in its growing, ears three times the size, the crops were excellent, 
 the corn abundant, my mouth relates it, the growing of fruit." 
 
 9, line 5. ^J^ *pyy,^^, the reading '-Jzy ^^^^ KT'' "ka-ra-si" is given on 
 
 some unpublished bilingual fragments ; it might have been inferred from a 
 comparison of Cuneif. Inscrip., Vol. I, p. 42, line 28, and p. 46, line 52. 
 
AND ADDITIONS. 329 
 
 PAGE 
 
 9, line 6. ^>w ^T ^T *^yyrf^ means a "general" or "superior officer." 
 
 I have been in doubt as to tlie phonetic reading, and have fjiven it in different 
 places '"sutsaki" and "uiuniati," perhaps both wrong. ^TTSl, "sak," means 
 an "officer," and ^T ^T, " su-par," means "top or over," so that the reading 
 may be " supar-saki," " one over the officers." 
 
 17, line 69. .<^^N ^^TT *jl~i "murr-inu" or "harranu," a "march" or "road." 
 I have uniformly given the sound " murranu " to this word, but the town 
 bearing this name was certainly " HaiTan," and the examples given by Mr. Non'is, 
 Diet. p. 445, are in favour of " har " for the fir.«t character. 
 
 19, line 87. '-^IJ '-y<y fly, doul.tful word. <^;:^ ^^yy y^^' '*^^'<'^ ^ 
 have here translated "advance," probably means "fear." 
 
 „ line 88. Doubtful passage. See p. 180, line 110. 
 
 23, line 117. Read "mas-gan-i" for "mas-gar-i." Heb. Ip'f'P* 
 
 „ line 124. " Ina a-di-ya ih-du-u," "against my agreement sinned." 
 
 24, line 1. -jV '^. 
 
 I have given the form " seme " as the rendering; it is more probably "semat," 
 as •^- prefixed to a root appears to indicate a form ending in a sei-vile " t." 
 
 „ line 6. "Mi-i-nu," "are numbered." 
 
 27, line 36. The following would be a better translation of this passage: "an agree- 
 
 ment stronger than before I caused to restore, and with him I made." 
 
 28, line 38. ^T_[][ *~^y^ means "feet," but the phonetic value is uncertain; my 
 
 reading, "sanguti," was founded on a passage in Cuneif. Inscr., Vol III, 
 p. 15, col. i, but I now think "sitti" the correct reading. 
 
 „ line 39. " Gir parzil sibbi " indicates a " straight sword," and not a "scimitar." 
 
 „ line 47. I doubt if " Nebosezibani " was son of "Necho," but cannot suggest any 
 other reading. 
 
 29, line 52. >-Y<Y'^ must here mean a "region " or "place." See a parallel passage 
 
 in Layard's Insc, p. 95, line 152. 
 
 34, line 9. Si-hir-ti. 
 
 This word is from the same root a? pahir, the/? and « frequently interchanging 
 in Assyrian. 
 
 35, line 16. ^ -^y< i^W) ^V\\^ ^^ 
 
 This passage occurs several times, and I have been very uncertain as to 
 
 its meaning, principally from not knowing which of the phonetic values of 
 
 .< ought to be adopted here. '^'*' *-<T< sometimes reads "mat-ti," "of a 
 
 country," and at times " san-ti," " of a year " or " yearly." My latest opinion 
 
 on this subject I have given in p. 317, line d. 
 
 2 U 
 
330 NOTES, CORRECTIONS, 
 
 PA(}E 
 
 37, line 0. Substitute -'^T>- for -^T in "yapi ;" this word is found in three forms, 
 
 "yati," "yapi," and "yasi." 
 
 38, lino 11. Read "si" for "si" in al-si-ma ; it is doubtful if the "ma" belongs 
 
 to this word. 
 
 40, Hue 24. Bussurat ; see Heb. "Ili/^. 
 
 ,, line 28. " Hul-lu-uq," "to cut oft'." 
 
 42, line 34. Substitute "sun " for " suu." 
 
 „ line 37. Substitute fzHy for Jzyj^ in " i-na-kit-u." 
 
 45, line 55. ^TY V', "simat," appears to mean anything fabricated ; the root is "fDD. 
 
 .54, line 75. <« «. 
 
 Certainly denotes a female, and is equated with '^-, but I have no faith 
 in the value "sin-nis," which I have here adopted. 
 
 59. The passage in the addition to line 88, "their mouth drank," is literally "to 
 their mouth it drank." 
 
 „ line 89. Substitute J:^» for ^^T, in "nap-sat," and read "u-gar-ri" for "u-tir-ri." 
 
 Gl, line 105. "Dazati." In a bilingual list I find ^JJ yy Jy ^T^ as an 
 equivalent of ^ yy , >--<Y<, "zalti," "battle" or "fight." I had not noticed 
 this when I translated it "depredations." 
 
 „ line 110. Substitute T for T at beginning of line. 
 63, Hne 125. Read "ha" for "ha" in ha-dis. 
 
 67, line 38. Pa-an. 
 
 This word, meaning "front" and "before," is often used for "time past." 
 
 73, line. 4. The passage in brackets has been partially erased by the writer of the 
 inscription. 
 
 76, line 28. " Sitkunu subtu," "was situated the seat." 
 
 „ line 31. T^IIB "" ^ bilingual tablet is equated to ^ *"|y*^' "sa-rad;" it is 
 used for "paint," but in this place perhaps means "dyed garments," Heb. !!]£;, 
 
 86, line 66. Read " suqi " for "tarzi." 
 
 87, line 68. Substitute J^^f^fjf for ^J^^f 
 „ line 74. "Ubna," meaning very doubtful. 
 
 92, lino 49. Read "u-gar-ri" for "u-tir-ri." 
 
 103, lino 49. The word "harran," "road," in iiioi^t similar cases follows "azbat;" 
 perhai)s it is accidentally omitted here. 
 
AND ADDITIONS. 331 
 
 PAGE 
 
 104, Hue 55. >^ »-»-T *^^1- I l>fi^'<> given "sanat an-na" as the reading of this 
 groui), but the "anna" may pos.sibly be the plionetic reading of the word; 
 if so, it would read "sauna." 
 
 The passage from j). 104, line 58, to p. 105, Une 63, present many difficulties, 
 and the present reading can only be considered an approximation. 
 
 10.5, line 70. Read "nam" for " uum " in .sa-nam-ma. 
 
 lOG, line 71. "^T T^ on some bilingual tablets is equated with ^j- J^|J f^yifs^, 
 ''gal-Iu-u," the name of a class of spirits or genii, generally evil ones. 
 
 117, line 94. Substitute j^ >-yy<y -<^ S^fy ^]<, "mi-ri-hc-c-ti," for 
 y.- ,^y<y^ 5:y][ .-<y<, "mi-mut-e-tl." 
 
 „ Hue 3. ^ j-y<y ^, "sa-hu-u," appears rather to be J^ >-y<y ^, " ir-hu-u." 
 The passage from p. 118, line 5, to p. 12G, Une 79, is full of difficulties, 
 and the translation in several places not to be relied on. By accident I have 
 wrongly translated the monogi-am T as " zit," "rising," it is " erib," "setting;" 
 but I doubt now if T is used here as a monogram. It is evident that ray transla- 
 tion is wrong in lines 6 to 8, but I do not know what to propose instead. 
 
 The passage in hues 10 to 13 appears from the sense to refer to tlie Goddess 
 Ishtar, but the verbs are in the third person mascuUne, only the pronoun y , 
 " sa," at the end, showing the feminine. 
 
 123, Hue 49. One copy has the variant ^ ^^y, " sa-at," for V- 
 
 125, line 65. ''Kurunnu" I believe to be "wine," from "karanu," a "vine" (see 
 note to p. 207, line 73) ; Assurbanipal is here told to drink it. 
 
 127, line 84, to p. 128, line 93. The junction of the fragmentary texts is not quite 
 certain, and consequently there is some doubt about the reading. 
 
 132, line 22. "Na-ganti" I have translated "musical instruments," thinking at the 
 
 time of the Heb. ■Hi^JJ; this was a mistake, "naganti" means "treasures." 
 
 133, line 42. >Jp^. 
 
 I have not recognized the true phonetic reading of this word until my work 
 
 was completed. A bihngual gives the reading <^T^ V> '' }ti'''\yJ''''^ 1'"^° 
 paraUel passage Cuneif. Insc, Yol. I, p. 45, hue 51, we have ^]^ Y ^ I ^' 
 " ki-sa-di," the meaning is " neck." 
 
 135, Hue 57. S^'i^. One biHngual gives ^ ^y<, "sa-ti," for the value of the 
 character; another gives ^ ^y<, "ir-ti," which I now find to be the 
 correct form. 
 „ line 59. "Kullumi,'' perhaps here meaus "to revile." 
 
 140, line h. " Mitpanu," the Assyrian name of the bow, is here written phonetically 
 instead of the usual iz^ <^y ; another in.stancc occurs in Cuneif. Insc, 
 Vol. 1, p. 7, No. ix A. 
 
332 NOTES, CORRECTIONS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 145, liue 2. " Uz-zi," "an arrow;" see Cuneif. Insc, Vol. I, p. 42, Hue 57, where 
 we have •' mitpanate va uzzi," "bows and arrows." 
 
 153, line 22. The word " passar " is one of the most diflicult in the Assyrian 
 
 In Cuneif. Insc, Vol. II, p. 23, 1. 28, we have ^ ^ >-'^ ^^^ ^ ^Ty 
 
 equated with *^ ^ >^ B] ^J]]_ *~j£\] ^K^ <^f'^' ^"*^ ^^^^ ^^^^ 
 not explain the present passage ; my reading " state chairs " is a mere makeshift. 
 In K, 2562, a passage occurs which leads me to the opinion that " passur " was the 
 name of a metal, plate, or dish ; the passage is *~ -Jil H— ^T *~|T^T ^TT Ty 
 >-^V_f J^l f ^YY Ty *^v'^? " In precious dishes precious food eathig." 
 
 IGO, line 77- Restoration and reading not quite certain. 
 
 „ line 79. " Ke-e ;" the translation "only" for this word is doubtful; it may 
 mean " then." 
 
 164, line 114. Te-bis-u. 
 
 I have some doubt about this word, the Cylinder is fractured here. 
 
 16.5, line 122. izj ^ V STT K!^* 
 
 This word, whatever its sound, evidently means "a chariot;" the first part, 
 ^y ^, in Cuneif. Insc, Vol. II, p. 16, 1. 36, is equated with ^iz ^JJJ J^f If' 
 " ruk-kip-ta ;" the second part, \U >:*- ]] /TjXI, is probably connected with 
 "is-du-du." 
 
 166, line 10. ^^TT"^ *-^ ^^ *^T^y' ^^^^ bird, means a " rapacious bird," Heb. ^3^ 
 
 rapuit. 
 
 „ line 11. ^^y *"|^T' ^^ bird, is probably connected with the Heb. ZO"*^? 
 "ravenous bird," "bird of prey." 
 
 167, line 21, to p. 168, line 24, is a doubtful passage; no dependence can be placed 
 
 in the present translation. 
 
 „ line 25. '^^^ TJ>- ^T^Y is shown by the bilingual tablets to be the equivalent 
 of <y*!fz -::tlj, p. 169, line 40. 
 
 169, line 34. Restore Yy *^^^ j^yTJ ^^>^ iz^. 
 
 173. Something is lost between lines 25 and 26. 
 
 175, liue 49. Read "a-ha-mis" for " a-ha-mis." 
 
 177, line 78. Last part doubtful. 
 
 „ line 81. "Kill," This is a word meaning anything fabricated; in some cases 
 it cannot mean " a boat." 
 
 „ line 83, to p. 178, line 87. The reading is doubtful on account of the fractured 
 8tate of the cylinder. 
 
AND ADDITIONS. 333 
 
 pa(;e 
 
 181. Omen tablet inscriptions. 
 
 The style of these inscriptions is dilferent to the ordinary auuals, and thev 
 are more difljciilt to translate, so that although the general sense is correct, the 
 separate words cannot always be relied on. 
 
 183, liue/>, to page 184, line s. 
 
 The construction of this passage is very singular, but I tliink the translation 
 Is quite correct. 
 
 189. Proclamation. This is a difficult inscription; the traushitiou is doubtful in 
 several places. 
 
 193, line 15. The word "rugged"' was accidentally omitted. 
 
 „ line 16. -yy^^. 
 
 Tlie phonetic reading of this monogram is given on bilingual tablets as 
 ^uY ^YV ^yj? " qa-ne-a," Heb. njp ; the character fj probably denotes 
 some epithet, the whole meaning a particular kind of reed. 
 
 „ line 2. " Ikil pa," doubtful words. 
 
 206, line 49. Substitute <^yy for <'sryy. 
 
 208, line 65. "Sapti." I should have felt inclined to translate "tongues" here, but 
 the word is clearly "lips." 
 
 213. A com) arisen of the list of towns in pp. 213, 214, 220, 241, 242, with the list 
 in Cuneif. Insc, Vol. I, p. 40, will show many interesting variations. 
 
 219, line 5. The form " uk-ta-ta-zir *' from "kizir" is remarkable ; this conjugation 
 
 is very rarely used. 
 
 220, line 7. ^T^yyy. This character means "ditto," but its sound is unknown to me. 
 
 227, line 75. " Susinaq." 
 
 I take the reading " Susinaq " from Cuneif. Insc., Vol. II, p. 57, line 18, and 
 the Susian Inscriptions, lithographed by Loftus ; but this reading for the characters 
 in the present passage of Assurbanipal, although probable, is not certain. 
 
 228, line 77. '* Lagamaru." 
 
 This is certainly the deity whose name enters into the proper name of 
 Cheorlaomer. 
 
 229, line 87. ^t/<^^^- 
 
 This complicated character denoted a " statue," and the reading is given in 
 Cuneif. Insc, Vol. Ill, p. 70, Une 52, as II ^Im *'^i "za-al-mu." 
 
 233, line 118. "Husi" is given in a bilingual as the equivalent of "raqip," "to ride." 
 
 ,, line 123. *-y<y "^y ^ yy- A bilingual fragment gives -jV >-^y -^y, sal-la-tu, 
 as the reading of this character. 
 
834 NOTES, CORRECTIONS, 
 
 PAGE 
 
 234, line 7. >|- ^11 • 
 
 This difficult wonl is the name of some wild animal ; two plionetic readings 
 are given on the tablets, >^TT ^ ^f i'"t^ ]} ^ '^JH' ^ ^^'^^^ "'^ 
 ehie to tlie animal intended. 
 
 2 40, line G3. " Kibiri." 
 
 When I translated " kiribi," " burial," I had not noticed the excellent 
 remarks of Mr. Norris, at the bottom of p. 532 of liis Dictionary, where he proposes 
 a similar meaning, " tomb," for this word. 
 
 249, Hue d. Substitute >-f^ for >^^^- 
 
 251, line 1.5. Tbe meaning of the first part of tbis line is doubtful. 
 
 252. Letter from Ummanaldas to Asaurbanipal. 
 
 The Assyrian copy of this letter is probably a translation from the Elamite 
 original ; it is obscure in several places, and many of the forms are unusual. 
 
 2G0, line 5. For "bit-zin," read " bit-zer ;" tbe meaning is "desert bouse'' or "tent." 
 
 261, line 15. Substitute .-JJJ for >-J][ in "kap-tu." 
 
 262, line 28. Tbe meaning of tbe word "uUi" is unknown to me. 
 
 264. ^i^y. 
 
 The meaning of this character is "anyone," or "so and so." See Mr. Fox 
 Talbot's G-lossary, Part II, p. 75. I would suggest the reading " aiimima " for 
 this word. 
 
 267, line 71. ^] '^^yiyi ]'-^*^, on a bilingual tablet J^J V^^|][yJ[, is rendered 
 ^ ^« >-^YTY, "kis-ta;" tbe most common form is ^ <« >-<!<, "kis-ti." 
 
 „ line 73. >,] ^l< ^i^]]] ].^ . 
 
 In Cuneif. Inscrip., Vol. II, p. 45, line 59, izf^ ^]S '"^lU ^^Tl 
 is rendered 11 ^^ ^K *^, "amur-karanu(?)." iz^ >^JS-i " karanu," 
 I believe means "the vine." Heb. ^^^' " a vine-yai-d," Lev. xix, 10. 
 
 274, line 31. Here Cyl. A gives " people of Assyria, but Cyl. B, p. 28G, line 10, 
 
 gives "people of Arabia." 
 
 275, line 33. " Bab-mabiri." 
 
 Mr. Fox Talbot has suggested to me the meaning " market-place" for this 
 word, from the Heb. "^^9" 
 
 „ lines 33 to 36. Tbis is a difficult passage. 
 
 The translation of line 34 is very doubtful. The same must be said of the 
 parallel passage in Cylinder B. 
 
 280, lines 87 to 90. A difficult passage, translation doubtful. 
 
 2S1, line 96. " Usu " is probably tbe Hosali of Josbiia, cb. xix, v. 29. 
 
AND ADDITIONS. 335 
 
 PAGE 
 
 287, There are some lines wanting between lines 20 and 21. 
 
 288, line 37. First part of name very douhtful. 
 
 289, line 30, Read " zer " for "zin." 
 
 290, line 56. Substitute ^j^ -^J for ^J^ -^J. 
 
 297, line .5. StJ ^ *ifi, mostly written iz^ ^. 
 
 A bilingual tablet gives tlie roading ^^Jjt "8ab(?)-(li." Hcb^3iy ; 
 the bilingual passage is among a mimber of titles of Nebo, and reads "Holding 
 the great seeptre, director of the world." 
 
 301, line 118. " Sahmasti " is probably connected with "sihii," "a revolt;" it is 
 **~iy '"T^T *^ *"t^I' ?i-b"->"'i'S-tu, in Cuncif. Insc., Vol. I, p. 32, 1. 40, 
 and ^TT -<^ >+- '^y<, si-hi-mas-ti, in an unpublished tablet of Assur- 
 banipal. 
 
 302, line 8. T^[|, the monogram for "a sheep," I believe, means "a sacrifice," and 
 ^^^, " niqa," "a libation," Heb. *^P^ ; the verbal form "niqa'' came to 
 mean "to sacrifice" as well as "to pour out." 
 
 ,, line 11. The words " adi Hi" are doubtful, on account of a fracture. 
 
 80.5, line 7. The \\>- at the end of this line cannot mean "her," as Mr. Norris 
 suggests. Diet. p. 623, because it also occurs in the other version of this 
 inscription which is dedicated to the God Nebo. 
 
 308, line 31, to p. 311, line 59. 
 
 This passage is so defective that little reliance can be placed in the reading. 
 
 313, line 78. ^y I^H^'^fflf- ^ bilingual tablet gives ^YI *-yy<y Jw-? c-ri-ni, as 
 the equivalent of this monogram. 
 
 315, line 27. Read "si" for "si" in si-di. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS 
 
 ox TnV. lilSTOUV OF 
 
 ASSIIEBANIPAL, 
 
 f'ALLED AT.SO 
 
 ASSURBAXT,* and ASNAPPAR.f wniTTKx coT^nrpTLY ACRAGAXES.t 
 
 W//0 reigned at Nineveh from B.C. G6S to (i27 ; the immediate predfressor of 
 
 Sardanapalus. 
 
 By J. W. BOSAXQUET, F.R.A.S. 
 
 The Inscriptions of Assurbanipal, son of Esarhaddon, and ,<xrnnd- 
 son of Sennacherib, are of great interest to the historical inquirer, 
 as affording accurate points of contact between Eg}^tian, Assyinan, 
 Hebrew, and Lydian history, and as throwing light upon several 
 doubtful points in the comparative chronology of these foiu* nations. 
 
 I. As REGARDS EgYPT. 
 
 I come at once to the valuable discovery made by Mr. George 
 Smith, the translator of the foregoing history, that the date of the 
 revolt of Psammetichus I, king of Egypt, from the dominion of the 
 Assyiians, which I assume to be equivalent to the date of his putting 
 down the Assyrian governors set over Egypt by Esarhaddon and 
 Assurbanipal, called "the dodecarchy" by Herodotus and Diodonis, 
 and estabhshing himself as sole monarch of that country, v/as the 
 year B.C. 652-1. The establishment of this single date seems to me 
 to lead to so many important results in history as to justify some 
 detail, while examining the grounds upon which it rests. 
 
 We are all aware that Manetho, the Egyptian priest and historian, 
 in the days of Philadelphus, assuming that his reckoning is truly 
 
 * G. Smith. t Ezraiv. 10. J Ca.stor aii.l Al.vdeims. 
 
 ■2 X 
 
338 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 i'e])resented to us by Africanus, in the third century, placed the death 
 of Necho I, the father of Psammetichus, in the year B.C. 655, and 
 the accession of Psammetichus in 654, allowing for no interval 
 between the two reigns : thus — 
 
 XXVF^ DYNASTY— Of nine Saite Kings. 
 Stepliiiiates 7 years, from B.C. 675 
 
 Necliepsos . . 6 
 
 Neclio I H 
 
 Psammeticliiis 54 
 
 Necho II 6 
 
 Psammutbis 6 
 
 Vaplires (or Hoplira) . . 19 
 
 Amasis 44 
 
 Psaramecherites 6 montlas, 
 
 Altogether 150 years and 6 months. 
 
 668 
 
 662r 
 
 654 
 600 
 594 
 588 
 569 
 525 
 
 XXVIP^ DYNASTY— Of eight Persian Kings. 
 
 {525 
 519 
 This reckoning is peculiar to Manetho, as copied by African us, 
 both as regards the date of the death of Necho I, and the date 
 of the death of Cambyses. Both dates, however, I believe to be 
 correct. But the copyist is, I think, incorrect in placing the acces- 
 sion of Psammetichus immediately after the death of his father, 
 who was merely one of twelve kings in lower E^'^ypt, not sovereign 
 both of upper and lower Egypt. So that Psammetichus could not by 
 inheritance lay claim to the title to the throne c>f the whole kingdom 
 so early as B.C. 554, If we modify tliis statement, as seems to be 
 required, by allowing an interval of two years between the death of 
 Necho and the actual accession of Psammetichus, during which time 
 Psammetichus was once compelled to fly from Egypt, that is when 
 the king of Ethiopia had slain his father,f and once again confined 
 by the other eleven kings to the lower parts of Egypt, as related by 
 Herodotus, it will bring us to the same year B.C. 652-1 for the time 
 of liis becoming sole and absolute king of ujDper and lower Egypt. 
 This testimony of Manetho is valuable for its independence of other 
 reckonings of the reigns of the XXVP^ Dynasty. Yet it has never 
 been accepted by clu'onologists, owing to uncertainty as to the 
 
 * Cambyses reigned from 529 to 518, and died in May, 518. His first year in Egypt 
 was 525, though Psammecherites then reigned ; 518, his last, was counted to the Magi. 
 
 t Herodotus ii, 152. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 339 
 
 proper mode of adjusting the reckoning of the intermediate reigns 
 from Psammetichus to Cambyses, after curtailing ten yeai-s from 
 the sum total of the separate reigns, as known from monumental 
 sources, which together amount to IGO years and 6 months, not 150 
 and G months, as stated by Africanus. Even African us himself, who 
 makes the deduction of ten years, does it incorrectly, by shortening 
 the reign of Necho II, and making it six instead of sixteen years, 
 rather than lapping over the reigns of Apries and Amasis. 
 
 In the year 1864 I pohited out,^' in reply to a paper written by 
 Dr. Hincks in the Journal of Sacred Literature, how Mariette's dis- 
 covery of the tombs of the sacred bulls buried at Memphis in the 
 successive reigns of Tirhakah, Psammetichus, Necho II, Psammuthis, 
 Apries, Amasis, Cambyses, and Darius, had supplied the means of 
 correctly adjusting these several reigns : how from these Apis-monu- 
 ments it was proved to be incorrect to assign to both Apries and 
 Amasis the full length of their reigns, inasmuch as the Apis whose 
 burial took place in August of the 12th year of Apries was followed 
 by an Apis installed in February of the 5th year of Amasis, showing 
 that the 5th of Amasis must have followed within six or eighteen 
 months of the 12th year of Apries ; and how these two kings, there- 
 fore, must have been living, if not reigning, together for ten or eleven 
 years. From the Apis-tablets, therefore, we iearn that the last year 
 of Apries was concurrent -with the 11th year of Amasis, B.C. 559, 
 and by a comparison of these tablets with other Egyptian monu- 
 ments we obtain, what I conceive to be the correct arrangement of 
 the reigns : thus — 
 
 Psanunetichus 54 years, from 2 Feb. B.C. 652 
 
 Necho II 15^ ,, ,, 19 Jan. ,^ 598 
 
 Psammutliis 5i- „ ,, 16 „ „ 583 
 
 Apries, or Hophra .... 19 „ ,,15 ,, ,, 577 
 Amasis, counting from his 1 ^ 
 
 conquest of Apries j " " ■*•"" " " ^"^ 
 
 From the death of Apries 35 f „ „ 9 ,, „ 558 
 
 Psammecherites . . . . 6 months, „ ,, 525 
 
 Cambyses 6 years, „ 1 „ „ 524 
 
 Magi 7 months, ,, „ 518 
 
 Darius 36 years, „ 30 Dec. „ 518 
 
 * Journal of Sac. Lit., Oct., 1864. 
 
 + Diodorus has 55 in our present copies. Amasis was still alive in 524, according to 
 
 Ctesias. Some called this his 35th year : others called it 2nd of Cambyses.. 
 
340 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 The same result is obtained from Herodotus,"^^' who tells us that 
 when Amasis, who was of low rank by birth, and little honoured at 
 first by the Egyptians, had conquered Apries of the blood royal of 
 Egypt, he dared not to put the king to death, but allowed him to 
 remain in his own palace at Sais, till he was put to death, as we are 
 told by Josephus,t in the 23rd or 24th year of Nebuchadnezzar, 
 and by that king's command ; or, as Herodotus relates, by the par- 
 tizans of Amasis, who were jealous of his being allo-wed to live, 
 Apries was then buried with kingly honours, and a sumptuous monu- 
 ment erected by Amasis to his memory. After the death of Apries, 
 Amasis no doubt reckoned his own reign as 44 years, counting 
 from the conquest of his master ; but the priests of Memphis who 
 inscribed the tablets, and also the neighbouring nations, would still 
 have looked upon Apries as legitimate king as long as he remained 
 alive, that is, till B.C. 559. Thus while the 4th year of Amasis, 566, 
 was reckoned by the priests as the 12th of Apries, Ezekiel,j in 
 the 7th year of Amasis, still speaks of Hophra as Pharaoh, while 
 apparently alluding to his deprivation of power, in these words : — 
 " I have broken the arm of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and it shall 
 not be bound up to be healed." 
 
 A similar and striking instance of this double mode of reckoning 
 reo*nal years, on a change of dynasty from kingly to plebeian line, 
 and one bearing, as we shall see, on the chronology of this period, 
 is found in the time of Herod the great. For when he had con- 
 quered and deposed Antigonus, the last of the Asmonean kings of 
 Judaea, at the close of the sabbatical year B.C. 37, three years after 
 he had been appointed king by the Sena,te of Rome, Josephus tells 
 us tliat not even torture could induce the Jews to recognize him as 
 king so long as Antigonus, of native kingly race, which Herod was 
 not, remained alive. Antigonus, therefore, was at length put to 
 death by Mark Antony, as Apries had been put to death by the 
 partizans of Amasis, that Herod might reign ; and Josephus || records 
 a double reckoning of the years of his reign, counting thirty-seven 
 vears from his appointment by the Senate, or rather perhaps from 
 
 * Herod, ii, 172. t Jos. Ant. x, ix, 7. 
 
 t Ezek. XXX. 21, 11 Unci. x\ii, viii. 1. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 341 
 
 his arrival in Judaea a« king, and thirty-four years from the time 
 of the mm^der of Antigonus, in the spring of B.C. 36.'" 
 
 In the same article, I referred to an argument, the force of which 
 was fully recognized by Dr. Hincks, drawn from the date of the total 
 solar eclipse of B.C. 585, which put an end to the six years' war 
 between Cyaxares and Alyattes king of Lydia, w^iich war was over 
 before the capture of Nineveh. Dr. Hincks laboured hard to show 
 that the total echpse of B.C. 603 must liave been the eclipse referred 
 to by Herodotus, though Alyattes, according to the Parian Chronicle, 
 had then been only two years on the throne, and it is now deter- 
 mined by astronomers that the shadow of that echpse passed over the 
 Red Sea, and not near Asia Minor ; for he well knew, as most other 
 chronologists also admit, that the eclipse and battle referred to must 
 have happened close upon the time of the fall of Nineveh, and 
 therefore close upon the time of the death of Necho II, and the first 
 year of Nebuchadnezzar. So that Pharaoh Necho who fell into the 
 hands of Nebuchadnezzar, who sought his life (Jerem. xlvi, 26), 
 after 585, could not have died much earlier than the year B.C. 583, 
 where I place his death. And as Psammetichus began to reign in the 
 70th year preceding Necho's death, the accession of Psammetichus 
 by this argument also would be placed not earlier than B.C. 652, 
 
 Mr. George Smith, from the inscrijDtions of Assurbanipal, has led 
 us, by a perfectly different process, to the same conclusion. Pie has 
 given the list of Arch on s eponymes at Nineveh, together with their 
 dates (p. 321), from the accession of Assurbanipal, in B.C. ()GS, to the 
 year 648 : and although he does not bind himself to any particular 
 date for the first year of Psammetichus, he has shown that the rev^olt 
 of Psammetichus from the dominion of Assyria, which began in the 
 year of the death of Gyges king of Lydia, was connected with the 
 revolt of Saulmugina king of Babylon, which broke out in the year 
 that Assurdurusur was archon at Nineveh, that is, in the year B.C. 
 652-1 [66, 67, 151, 181).t 
 
 It will have been observed in the foregoing history, that Assur- 
 banipal speaks of Gyges king of Lydia, having " sent liis forces to the 
 
 * Hei-od's 35th year was uot completed. He died before the month Nisaii b.c. 1, and, 
 according to Jewish custom, Archelaus' first year was reckoned from b.c. 2. 
 
 t See also Zeitschrift fiir ^^gyptiche spraclic, Sept. 1868, p. 98; also an article in the 
 North British Review, .July, 1870, p. 3')4. 
 
342 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 aid of Psammetichus king of Egypt (Muziir), who bad thrown off 
 the yoke" (p. 66). Now those forces are unquestionably the same 
 as the body of Carians and Ionian s in brazen armour spoken of by 
 Herodotus"' and Diodorus,f with whose assistance he conquered the 
 other eleven kings of the dodecarchy, and made himself master of 
 the throne. The chronology, therefore, of the period, after making 
 some allowance for differences between Egyptian and Assyrian modes 
 of relating the same facts, seems to run thus : — Necho's last year, 
 as stated by Manetho, was B.C. 655. He was slain by the king 
 of Ethiopia in that year. In the same year, according to Herodotus, 
 Psammetichus was expelled from Egypt either by the Assyrians 
 or Ethiopians, and fled into Asia Minor, where he was welcomed, 
 as appears, at the court of Gyges. Gryges, then in his last year, 
 took up his cause, and prepared to send a force of Carians and 
 lonians to support his claim to the throae of Egypt ; both thus 
 casting off tlieir allegiance to the king of Assyria. Assurbanij^al, 
 who was then engaged in war with Elam, and unable to detach any 
 of his forces, imprecates curses on the head of Gyges, who, in answer 
 to his prayer, is slain by the Cimmerians, either in 655, or in the 
 beginning of 654 (p. 67), and Psammetichus, in the same or the 
 following year, is recalled to Egypt by the people of Sais. Being, 
 however, suspected of ambitious designs upon the throne by the 
 eleven other confederate kings, and not yet, therefore, reckoned sole 
 king of Egypt, he is confined by them to the lower parts about 
 the Delta; when suddenly, in B.C. 653, a body of Carians and lonians 
 having landed in the Delta, he puts himself at their head, and in the 
 course of that year conquers the eleven confederates and makes 
 himself supreme. His first year, therefore, was probably 653, though 
 his reign would not be counted till the month Thoth in the following 
 year, that is, from the 2nd Feb., B.C. 652. 
 
 The correctness of this view of the history is confirmed with 
 exactness by a comparison of Diodorus with the records of Esar- 
 haddon and Assurbanipal. Diodorus relates that when the king of 
 Ethiopia, whom he wrongly supposes to be Sabbaco, but who was 
 really Tirhakah, had, in obedience to a vision, departed from Egypt, 
 and returned to Ethiopia, there was anarchy in Egypt during two 
 
 * Ilerod. ii, 1.52. t Dioddius, lib. i, Rhrxlom. p. 59. 
 
CHROX()L()(il('AL REMARKS. 'M?) 
 
 years. The Assyrian account, as collected from the annals of 
 Esarhaddoii, is somewhat different. Esarhaddon records that he 
 conquered Tirhakah about the year B.C. 671-670, and compelled him 
 to fly into Ethiopia, and that the Assyrians then divided Egy[»t 
 into twenty districts, and set over them so many petty kings, and 
 governors. The annals of Assurbanipal then commence by recording- 
 how, in the year 6 (^'8, when Esarhaddon was approaching hie death, 
 Tirhakah suddenly returned from Ethiopia, turned out the kings 
 and governors, and again seized the throne ; how he in turn was 
 driven out a second time by Assurbanipal, and how tlie kings, 
 tweire of whom bear Egyptian names, and governors were replaced, 
 strengthened, and "joined in covenant'' (p. 2:3). This union in 
 covenant to support each other may be dated from B.C. 667, and 
 continued for some few years. But " after war els," let us say in 664, 
 they entered into a conspiracy with Tirhakah, and invited him to 
 become their supreme lord, instead of the Assyrians ; still continuing 
 their mutual covenant " to help each other " (p. 25). Here, then, are 
 the two years of anarchy spoken of by Diodorus, during 669 and 668, 
 very distinctly described, followed by a confederacy of twelve kings, 
 and other governors, in B.C. 667. Diodorus then goes on to speak 
 of this association of kings. For, after the two years of anarchy, 
 he tells us that twelve principal governors conspired together at 
 Memphis, and having sworn to support each other, made themselves 
 kings, and administered the affairs of Egypt for 1 5 years ; and that 
 at the end of these 15 years, {irevT eKaiheica erv, twice repeated in 
 words), the government came into the hands of Psammetichus by 
 the aid of a force of Arabians, Carians, and lonians, by whom he 
 put down the other eleven kings.'" 
 
 Thus while the Assyrian and Greek accounts sufficiently support 
 each other as to facts, the chronology of the period has fortunately 
 been preserved by Diodorus with complete exactness. For, if we 
 deduct two years of anarchy and fifteen years of dodecarchy, together 
 seventeen years, from the end of the year B.C. 670, when Tirhakah 
 first fled from Esarhaddon into Ethiopia, we arrive again at the 
 same date, B.C. 652, for the accession of Psammetichus. 
 
 I submit, therefore, that unless reason can be shown for doubting 
 
 * Diodonis i, ]). 59, 
 
344 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 the accuracy of Diodorus, there is do room for disputing that the 
 first year of the reign of Psaiumetichns, as king of upper and lower 
 Egypt, was counted from the 2nd Feb., B.C. 652. 
 
 But perhaps the question may be raised, whether, admittmg that 
 Psammetichus revolted from Assyria in B.C. 652, it is not possible 
 that his regnal years may have been counted from the time when his 
 father Necho I was replaced on the throne of Sais by Assurbanipal, 
 after he had been carried prisoner to Nineveh, that is, in B.C. 662, 
 and when his son Neboshasban (which may probably be the Assyrian 
 name given to Psammetichus) was made one of the dodecarchy, or 
 a petty king, at Atribes (p. 28). The one, true, and sufficient answer, 
 however, to this question, never to be set aside,"'' must still be, that 
 unless the total solar eclipse which put an end to the six years 
 Lydo-Median war can be placed above the year B.C. 585, where 
 astronomers have now finally fixed it, either by adopting the total 
 eclipse of B.C. 610, where Ideler proposed to place the last battle, 
 or the total eclipse of B.C. 603, for which Dr. Hincks so earnestly, 
 but unsuccessfully contended, which are the only two alternatives, 
 the fall of Nineveh and the deatli of Necho II, who went up against 
 Nineveh, saying, " I will destroy the city and the inhabitants 
 thereof,"! cannot be placed earlier than about B.C. 583, nor the first 
 year of Psammetichus, therefore earlier than about B.C. 652. The 
 Apis-tablets testify that Psammetichus reigned over Egypt fifty-four 
 years, and from the same authority we know that Necho II com- 
 pleted about fifteen years and a half This joint period, therefore, 
 of sixty-nine years and a half, beginning after the fall of the 
 clodecarchy, in Feb. B.C. 652, and ending after the eclipse, in the 
 summer of B.C. 583, when Nebuchadnezzar had been placed in com- 
 mand of his father's army, more than a year before his fathers 
 death, becomes thus, through the medium of the annals of Assur- 
 banipal, one of the most accurately fixed periods in ancient history. 
 
 Again, the priests of Memphis registered the birth of an Apis 
 in the 26th year of Tirhakah, and his death in the 20th year of 
 Psammetichus, 20th day of the 12th month, Mesori.j So that, 
 allowing Tirhakah to have reigned twenty-eight years, as " king of 
 Egypt and Ethiopia" (Muzur and Kusli), and his son Urdumane 
 
 * See Horod. i, 103. f .Jerem. xlvi, 8. ;}; IMariette's Scrapeum rle Menipliis, p, 28. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 345 
 
 (Rudammon) only two years, till he was ejected in the second 
 expedition of Assurbanipal (p. 52), together thirty years ; and sup- 
 posing Psammetichus to have begun to reign in B.C. 6()2, Tirhakah 
 would have become king of Egypt (Muzur) as early as 692. But 
 this is not true. For when in the year B.C. 689 = 14th Hezekiah, 
 Tirhakah came to fight witli Sennacherib, he is spoken of by Isaiah, 
 not as king of Egypt, but simply as king of Kush (p^^ ^^9)-'' So 
 that Tirhakah was not yet king of Muzur as well as Kush so early 
 as B.C. 692, nor did he become king of Egypt till after 689 ; and 
 Psammetichus, who reigned not less than thirty years after the 
 accession of Tirhakah to the throne of Egypt, could not, therefore, 
 have begun to reign so early as 662. 
 
 The year B.C. 689 marks the time of a great chronological epoch 
 in Jewish history. For in this year the atfairs of Assyria, Babylonia, 
 and Egypt, became closely interwoven with the political interests of 
 the king of Jerusalem. 
 
 1. It is the year, in the spring of which the 14th of Hezekiah 
 began, and in which Merodach-Baladan, son of Baladanf king 
 of Babylon, sent messengers to inquire concerning his health, 
 and " of the wonder done in the land." 
 
 2. It is the year in which Sethos, or Zeet, the last of the priests 
 of Vulcan, according to Herodotus,! and the last of the Tanite 
 dynasty of Egyptian kings, according to Manetho, in the 
 eighty-fifth year of the XXIII^'*^ Dynasty, counted from the 
 period of the first Olympiad (July, 776-772), was opposed 
 to Sennacherib in his campaign into Arabia and towards 
 Egypt, when Tirhakah came out of Ethiopia, and when the 
 army of Sennacherib was miraculously destroyed. 
 
 3. It is the year, in the autumn of which a Jewish Sabbatical 
 year began, which was followed by the observance of a year 
 of Jubilee, which could only take place once in forty-nine 
 years ; and which is shown by the words of Isaiah, "ye shall 
 eat this year such as groweth of itself, and the second ye'd.v 
 that which springeth of the same."§ 
 
 * Isaiah xxxvii, 9. 
 
 + "Baladan" is here written short for Merodach-Baladan, as we find Shalman written 
 for Shalmaneser, Jareb or Irib for Sennacherib, Saracns or Sharezar for Nergal-Sharezar. 
 t Herod ii, 141. . § Isaiah xxxvii, 30 ; Lev. xxv, 5, 9, 11. 
 
 2 Y 
 
346 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 4. It is the year, on the 11th of January of which, Hezekiah 
 
 being sick, the shadow "on the steps of Ahaz" in the 
 
 king's sick chamber, returned " ten steps " which it had 
 
 gone down. 
 
 The following are the elements of the solar eclipse at Jerusalem 
 
 which caused this phenomenon, as computed by Mr. Hind, introducing 
 
 Hansen's last value of the moon's secular equation ; — 
 
 Annular Solar Eclipse, B.C. 689, January IL 
 
 Greenwich Mean Time of Conjunction in R.A., Jan. 10"^ 20'' 45"^ 25" 
 
 R. A. of O and d 285° 15' 26"-l 
 
 Hor. Mot. in R.A. © 2 43 -6 
 
 d 32 8 -1 
 
 Declination © - 23 2 41 -1 
 
 ([ - 22 14 57 -3 
 
 Hor. Mot. in Deal. © + 16 -2 
 
 a + 6 15-1 
 
 Hor. Parallax © 9-0 
 
 a 54 40 -2 
 
 Semi- diameter © 16 11 '5 
 
 <[ 14 53 -9 
 
 AT JERUSALEM THE ECLIPSE WOULD BE ANNULAR: 
 
 d h m E 
 
 First Contact , , . . Jan. 10 20 28 - "^ Astronomical 
 Commencement of annular phase 22 13 48 I Mean Times 
 
 Ending „ 22 21 15 f at 
 
 Last Contact H 6 - J Jerusalem. 
 
 .•. The duration of annular phase = 7" 27^. 
 1871, Mij 3. J- R- Hind. 
 
 * Mr. Hind's computation of the time of this eclipse at Jerusalem is made in conformity 
 with the most recent theory of the moon's secular acceleration, and, according to this theory, 
 it appears to be soon after 10 o'clock a.m ., the sun's altitude being then 30°. And he suggests 
 that the appearance of a ring-formed sun, for between seven and eight minutes, may have 
 been spoken of as "the wonder done in the land." The Astronomer Eoyal, computing by 
 Greenwich elements in 1854, reckoned the time as about 10 minutes after 11 o'clock a.m., 
 which appears to me to be nearer the truth. The words of Isaiah are, as it were, the record 
 of an astronomical observation at Jerusalem of the moon's latitude and longitude on the 11th 
 Jan. B.C. 689, taken in a dark chamber in the king's palace, on an instrument in the form of 
 steps, set at the angle of the latitude of Jerusalem, 31° 47' N. : and the theory of course must 
 be corrected by the observation. I have explained my idea of the nature of the Dial, or 
 "Steps of Ahaz," in a recent work, "Messiah the Prince," 2nd Edit. 1869: according to 
 which I conceive 'that the sun must have risen to about 35° in altitude on that day at the time 
 of its greatest obscuration, aud that tlie path of the shadow must have fallen four or five 
 deorees north of .Jerusalem : while the time was about twenty minutes before noon. The 
 eflbct described could only have happened a few days before or after the winter solstice, when 
 the shadow cast bv the sun on the steps would be nearly parallel with them. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 347 
 
 This eclipse, which fixes the 14th year of Hezekiah to the year 
 B.C. 689, is of extreme vakie in settling the chronology of this period. 
 Like the eclipse of Thaies, B.C. 585, and the eclipse at Nineveh, in 
 B.C. 7G3, it brings down the reigns of the kings of Judah exactly 
 twenty-five years ; and with regard to the matter in hand, it proves 
 that Sethos, or Zeet, of the XXITI'"'^ Dynasty, in lower Egypt, and 
 Sevechiis the Ethiopian of the XXV*^' Dynasty, in upper Egypt, 
 and Tirhakah, while yet king of Ethiopia, were all on the throne at 
 the same time, when Sennacherib mvaded Judaea in the year B.C. 689 ; 
 and this in fact is what Manetho wished to convey concerning these 
 dynasties, when, speaking of Petubastes, he wrote, " # ov 'OXvfnrias 
 ijX^V '7rpo!)Tr)." Manetho must have known the exact relation of the 
 reign of Petubastes to the Olympiad, and of course intended to 
 express what he knew with chronological precision. He meant, 
 therefore, that Petubastes began to reign within the four years 
 beginning in July, B.C. 776, and ending in July, 772, which in 
 common parlance was called the first Olympiad. We shall not err 
 much in fixing the first year of Petubastes, therefore, in the 
 beginning of B.C. 773, and the last year of Sethos in B.C. 685. 
 
 We now count up from the first year of Psammetichus, as fixed 
 by the Annals of Assurbanipal, B.C. 652 ; and assuming that the Apis 
 which died in his 20th year, and which was born in the 26th year of 
 Tirhakah, had lived twenty-six years, we arrive at the date of the first 
 year of Tirhakah, B.C. 684, as king of upper and lower Egypt, and 
 conqueror of Sethos, and successor of Sevechus. The following is 
 the result : — XXIIP-i DYNASTY, 
 
 XXIV*^ DYNASTY. 
 
 OF FOUR TANITE KINGS. B.C. 
 
 Petubastes 40 years . . 773 
 
 Osoreho 8 „ . . . 733 
 
 Psammus 10 ,, . . 725 
 
 B.C. 
 
 714 Boccoris the Saite, 6 years. Zeet, or Sethos, 31 „ . . 715 
 
 XXVti» DYNASTY, ' 
 
 OF THREE ETHIOPIAN KINGS. tO 
 
 708 Sabbaco, or So. . . 12 „ ! 
 
 696 Sevechus .. .. 12 „ 685 
 
 684 Tii-hakah .. .. 28 „ 684 
 
 Nevertheless, there are some perhaps who will be disposed to 
 adhere, with Dr. Lepsius, to the common reckoning, and to place the 
 first of Psammetichus in B.C. 664, and the last of Necho 1 in 595 ; 
 
348 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 more especially as this reckoniDg is supported by the great authority 
 of Clemeut of Alexandria. For Clement,* one of the most learned 
 men of his day, of the same city as Ptolemy the astronomer, and of 
 about the same date, speaking of the captivity of Jechoniah king 
 of Judah, tells us that he was carried " captive to Babylon by 
 Nebuchadnezzar the king in the seventh year of his reign over the 
 Assyrians, in the second year of the reign of Vaphres over the 
 Egyptians, in the archonship of Philippus (Phoenippus) at Athens, 
 in the first year of the forty-eighth Olympiad," that is, in B.C. 588. 
 Clement, therefore, thus places the first year of Apries in B.C. 589, 
 and the first year of Nebuchadnezzar in 595. This reckoning at 
 first sight seems to be admissible ; for it just allows room for the 
 twenty-nine years' siege of Ashdod by Psammetichus, spoken of so 
 distinctly by Herodotus as one of the principal events of his reign,t 
 which, if commenced at the time of his accession in 652, might have 
 placed him in possession of that city in G23, and also allows room 
 for the twenty-eight years of Scythian occupation of Asia before 
 the fall of Nineveh,! which, if counted from 623, might bring the 
 fall of Nineveh and first of Nebuchadnezzar to B.C. 595. For the 
 Scythians we know found Psammetichus in possession of Ashdod 
 on their arrival in Palestine, and we read that " Azotus, or Ashdod, 
 and Ascalon feared" the army of the king of Assyria " greatly." |[ 
 This reckoning of Clement, however, will not bear the test of exami- 
 nation. For neither Cylinder B, of the foregoing annals, dated 
 probably in the archonship of Belsunu, B.C. 647, nor Cylinder A, 
 dated probably in 640, in the archonship of Samas-dain-ani (p. 321), 
 make any allusion to this siege of Ashdod by Psammetichus ; while 
 we read in the history of the ninth expedition of Assurbanipal, 
 B.C. 647, of the submission of the Arabians of Nabatea, of the 
 punishment of Akko and Usu on the return of the Assyrians 
 through Palestine (p. 299), without a word of allusion to Psam- 
 metichus or Ashdod ; and in a tenth expedition, B.C. 645, spoken of 
 in a fragment in the British Museum (which, however, Mr. Smith 
 thinks may possibly belong to the reign of Esarhaddon, but which 
 may refer to the reign of Assurbanipal), after mention of the siege 
 
 * Clemeut Alex. Strom. 1. See Ante-Nicene Christian Library, Vol. iv, p. 4,34. 
 t Herod, ii, 157. J Herod, i, 105. || Judith ii, 28. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 349 
 
 of Tyre, in the reign of Baal, it is said that the king's army went 
 from Muzur (Egypt) to Miliikha (Ethiopia or upper Egypt), showing 
 that the authority of Assurbanipal was neither yet so low in Egypt 
 nor that of Psammetichus jet so high, as to allow of the continuous 
 siege of Aslidod so early as B.C. 645. If we may surmise that 
 Psammetichus drove the king of Assyria out of Egypt in that year, 
 and began to lay siege to Ashdod in 644, this fortress would have 
 come into possession of Psammetichus in B.C. 615, and, allowing five 
 years' occupation to the Egyptian king before the arrival of the 
 Scythians, that is, till 610, the fall of Nineveh and the first of 
 Nebuchadnezzar would have happened in B.C. 583, as I have already 
 determined. Clement's date, therefore, is probably placed twelve 
 years too high. Of this, however, we may be quite certain, that he 
 knew of no sufficient authority for Ptolemy's date, B.C. 604, for 
 the first year of Nebuchadnezzar, which must be looked upon as 
 Ptolemy's own invention, and which is absolutely inadmissible. For 
 if the Scythians entered Palestine twenty-eight years before 604, 
 that is, in B.C. 632, room cannot be found for the twenty-nine years' 
 siege of Ashdod after B.C. 652. I have frequently drawn attention 
 to the worthlessness of the dates in Ptolemy's Canon attached to 
 the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar and his successors at Babylon ; and it 
 must be borne in mind that Ptolemy's reckoning, though justly rehed 
 upon when supported by astronomical data, is not necessarily to be 
 held in the same estimation when astronomical data are wanting, or, 
 in fact, as in this instance, bearing against it. Both Ptolemy and 
 Clement must be set down as incorrect as regards the date of the 
 first year of Nebuchadnezzar ; but we are indebted to Clement for 
 confirming the synchronism of the first of Nebuchadnezzar with the 
 last year of Necho II, which is in agreement with the interpretation 
 of Josephus, and which is so clearly implied by Jeremiah where 
 he writes,'"' — " Pharaoh (Necho) and them that trust in him I will 
 deliver into the hands of those who seek their lives, and into the 
 hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon." 
 
 Clement goes on to state, — '"' The captivity (that is of Jechoniah, 
 in the 7th of Nebuchadnezzar, B.C. 588) lasted for seventy years, and 
 
 * Compai-e Jerem. xxv, 1, with xlvi, 2, 20. ^Ir. Smith, I think, is incorrect in supposing 
 that this passage appHes'to Pharaoh Hophra. Nebuchadnezzar was in Egypt when he heard 
 of his fathei-'s death, in b;c. 581, after the battle of Carchemish. 
 
350 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 ended in the second year of Darius Hystaspes, who had become king 
 of the Persians, Assyrians, and Egyptians," that is, in B.C. 518, when 
 Darius was about thirty-seven years of age. Now here it is that the 
 whole system of Clement's chronology, as well as of the common 
 scheme of reckoning, breaks down. For, d fortiori, if seventy years, 
 counted from the 7tli of Nebuchadnezzar, end in the reign of Darius 
 Hystaspes, the "seventy years' desolations of Jerusalem," which 
 began in the 19tli of Nebuchadnezzar, and ended, as Daniel tells usj 
 in the reign of " Darius the son of Ahasuerus of the seed of the 
 Modes," """ must have come to end in the reign of the same king, 
 Darius Hystaspes. But this king, as Daniel tells us, took the throne 
 of Babylon on the death of Belshazzar, when " about three score 
 and two years old,"t that is, in the year B.C. 492, not when he was 
 about thirty-seven years old in 518. 
 
 The true reckoning now comes out in perfect plainness, thus : — 
 
 B.C. 
 
 Psarametichus and his son Neclio II reign in succession "1 652 
 for sixty-nine years and a half, till the 1st year of > to 
 Nebuchadnezzar, in association with his father, from J 583 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar destroys Jerusalem in his 19th year after^ 
 
 the death of his father J ^ 
 
 Jerusalem remains desolate seventy full years, till Darius'! 
 
 puts an end to the kingdom or satrapy of Babylon at > 493 
 the age of 62 § J 
 
 Seventy weeks of years, or 490 years, are counted from"] 
 the first of Darius over Babylon to the birth of Christ, I 
 at the time when Cyrenius, or Quirinus, was governor [ 
 of Syria || J 
 
 This is manifestly the true outline of chronology from the time 
 of the accession of Psammetichus to the birth of Christ, and greatly 
 supported by the Annals of Assurbanipal ; while it is entirely sub- 
 versive of the common reckoning, which is built upon many false 
 foundations : — 
 
 1. On the assumption, that Psammetichus king of Egypt began 
 to reign more than ten years before the expiration of the 
 dodecarchy in Egypt, which cannot be true. 
 
 * Dan. ix, 2. f Dan. v, 31. % This date is confirmed by Demetrius. 
 
 § Darius died at the age of 72, according to Ctesias. He began to reign in B.C. 517, and 
 completed 36 years. 
 
 II As discovered by Dr. Zunipt. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 351 
 
 2. On the adoption of the dates of Ptolemy the astronomer, 
 in connexion with the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar and his 
 successors at Babylon, dates unknown to Africanus, Clement 
 of Alexandria, and Eusebius, and resting on no astronomical 
 foundation. 
 
 li. On the assumption, that the battle fought by Alyattes king 
 of Lydia in his sixth campaign against the Medes, and ended 
 by a total solar eclipse, was fought in B.C. 610, or 603 ; that 
 is, either five years before Alyattes came to the throne, or 
 before he had reigned four years. 
 
 4. On the absurd assumption, that Astyages king of Media, 
 who married a Lydian princess in the year of the eclipse, 
 B.C. 585, w^as conquered by his grandson Cyrus king of Persia 
 in B.C. 559, when Cyrus was 40 years of age.'"" 
 
 5. On the assumption, that the record of the taking of Babylon 
 by "Darius,"t in the Book of Daniel, is a record of the taking 
 of Babylon by Cyrus. 
 
 6. On the assumption that king "Darius" who lived in the 
 time of Daniel, was king Cyaxares. 
 
 7. On the assumption, that king Cambyses, who lived not long 
 before the time of Ezra, was called by Ezra "Ahasuerus;" 
 and that Bardes, or Gomates, the usurper in the days of 
 Darius, was known to Ezra by the title " Artacshastha."| 
 
 I propose, on the other hand, to adhere strictly to the foregoing 
 outlme of chronology in what follows, and in doing so, I think it 
 will be found that many apparently conflicting records in ancient 
 history readily fall into place, 
 
 II. As REGARDS ASSYRIA. 
 
 Assarbanipal, as we have seen, was associated on the thi-one with 
 his father Esarhaddon in May, B.C. 668, in which year his father died. 
 He began, therefore, to reign alone in the year B.C. 667. 
 
 * Hales' Chronology, Vol. i, p. 269. 
 
 t Herodotus speaks of Darius, son of Hystaspes, as king of the Medes. 
 
 + To the above contradictions may he added, — That the capture of Samaria by " Shal- 
 manezer," was the capture of Samaria by Sargon. 
 
352 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 The exact duration of his reign cannot be gathered from the 
 Assyrian records. But, by comparing these records with the 
 Babylonian Canon and other sources of information, it may be in- 
 ferred, with much probability, that he reigned forty-two years. From 
 the foregoing history it appears that, on the death of Esarhaddon, 
 whose principal residence was at Babylon, his younger son Saul- 
 mugina (the Sammughes of Polyhistor) had been left as viceroy on 
 the throne of Babylon ; and, according to the Babylonian Canon, he 
 reigned there twenty years, till the year B.C. 648, when, being found 
 in rebellion against his elder brother Assurbanipal, he was conquered 
 at Babylon, and immediately burnt to death (163). Saulmugina is 
 corruptly written in the Canon, Saosduchinus. Again, from the 
 Babylonian Canon we learn that Kineladanus, who, according to 
 Polyhistor, was brother of Sammuges, and therefore brother of 
 Assurbanipal, or Assurbanipal himself,'' succeeded him at Babylon, 
 and reigned twenty-two years, till the year B.C. 626 ; after which 
 Nabopalassar came to the throne. The years of Nabopalassar we 
 know are astronomically fixed, by an eclipse in his third year, as 
 beginning in B.C. 625. So that the two sons of EsarhaddoD, who 
 reigned in succession at Babylon, covered a period of exactly forty- 
 two years, till the reign of Nabopalassar. 
 
 Now, I have always maintained that Nabopalassar king of Babylon 
 was also that king of Nineveh known to the Greeks by the title 
 Sardanapalus, as indeed Polyhistor distinctly attests, when he relates 
 that Sardanapalus having reigned twenty-one years married his son 
 Nabuchodrosser to the daughter of Astyages ;t and if we look to 
 the list of Assyrian kings as given by Eusebius from Castor and 
 Abydenus, we shall find it difiicult to come to any other conclusion. 
 For we there find the names of the three last kings of the Assyrian 
 dynasty thus written : — 
 
 Acraganes, who reigned .. 42 years. 
 
 Thonos Concoleros, or Sardanapalus . . . • 20 „ 
 Niniis II (or Saracus) 19 „ 
 
 * Mr. Smith identifies Kineladanus with Assurbanipal, }). 324. If so, he reigned 42 years. 
 
 t Probably a mistake for Astibares. Eupolemus writes --"Itaque Nabuchodonosorem, 
 Babylouiorum regem, ubi i-em quomodo ab Hieremia prsenuntiata f uerat rescivisset, Astibarem 
 (= Cyaxareni in Ctesia) Medorum regem, uti hujus expeditiouis socius esse vellet, obsecrasse : 
 
 coDJunctoque Babyloniorum et Medorum exercitu Joachimum regem vivum cepisse." — 
 
 MuUer's Fragments, Vol. iii, p. 229. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 353 
 
 Thus the immediate predecessor of Sardanapaliis, called Acraganes, 
 reigned forty-two years at Nineveh. Now, to assume that Acraganes 
 reigned after Assurbanipal, who certainly was still on the throne 
 about B.C. 640, would be to bring down the fall of Nineveh, in the 
 time of Saracus, some eighty years below that date, that is to say, 
 to about B.C. 5G0, which is quite out of the question ; and as lie 
 cannot be identified with Esarhaddon, we can only conclude that 
 Assurbanipal and Acraganes are one and the same king. Indeed 
 Acraganes appears to be merely a corruption from Assurbani, to 
 which form the name of Assurbanipal was sometimes contracted. 
 While this king, therefore, as eldest son of Esarhaddon, occupied the 
 throne of Nineveh for forty-two years, till the time of Sardanapalus, 
 his brother and himself occupied the throne of Babylon in succession 
 for forty-two years, till the reign of Nabopalassar, who was called 
 Sardanapalus. He reigned, therefore, from B.C. 668 to 626 : the 
 reign of his son Assur-ebil-ili being included probably in this last 
 year, he having been associated with his father before his death. 
 
 To the great disturbance however, as I think, of the true history, 
 it has been usual to identify Assurbanipal himself with Sardanapalus. 
 Thus Professor Rawhnson writes, — " He was no doubt one of the two 
 kings called Sardanapalus, celebrated by Hellanicus ; he must have 
 been the warlike Sardanapalus of Calhsthenes.""'' This opinion is 
 worthy of much respect, as having been adopted by the authorities 
 of the British Museum, as indicated on the slabs brought from the 
 palace of Assurbanipal. It may be observed, however, on the other 
 hand, that as Callisthenes speaks of two kings called Sardanapalus, 
 the one effeminate the other warlike,! so Herodotus also speaks of 
 two kings, about the end of the seventh or beginning of the sixth 
 century B.C., both bearing the same title Labynetus, the first of whom, 
 for reasons hitherto unexplained, yielded up the reins of government, 
 and allowed his kingdom to be administered by his wife Nitocris ; 
 the second, known as the great king of Babylon, son of Labynetus 
 and Nitocris, against whom Cyrus the Persian, grandson of Astyages, 
 called the mule, had commenced warlike preparations,! when, as 
 Megasthenes relates, l)eing seized with frenzy, he ascended tne upper 
 
 * Ancient Monarchies, Vol. ii, p. 5i)2 . f Suidas, voce Sardanapalos. 
 
 X Herod, i, 188. 
 
 2 Z 
 
354 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 terrace of his palace, forewarned the Babylonians of the coming of a 
 Persian mule who should capture Babylon, and suddenly died. So 
 also Jewish records speak of two great kings, both called Nabuchodo- 
 nosor, the one who was forsaken by his allies, wanting in military 
 capacity, and given to feasting and luxury, viz., " Nabuchodonosor 
 who reigned at Nineveh,"'^ whose dejDendent provinces made light of 
 his commands, and sent away his ambassadors from them without 
 effect and with disgrace;" the other, the warlike Nebuchadnezzar, 
 w^ho together with Cyaxares, or Ahasuerus,t conquered Nineveh, 
 likened by Megasthenes to Hercules, who conquered Tyre, Egypt, 
 and Jerusalem, and established the Babylonian empire. These two 
 pairs of un warlike and warlike kings, called Labynetus and Nabu- 
 chodonosor, can only be identified with the Nabopalassar and his 
 son Nabuchodrossor of the Chaldean historians ; and as it would be 
 unreasouable to imagine three pairs of kings, bearing the same titles, 
 living within the same range of time, and distinguished by the same 
 characteristics of effeminacy and valour, there can be no question that 
 Polyhistor is correct, and that Sardanapalus the effeminate represents 
 Nabopalassar the father of Nebuchadnezzar, and Sardanapalus the 
 warlike, the warlike Nebuchadnezzar himself; and that Labynetus, 
 or Nabo-netzar, the husband of Nitocris, and Nabuchodonosor who 
 reigned at Nineveh, are one and the same king. But again, this is 
 exactly what Abydenus and Castor have told us, when they name 
 the other title by which Sardanapalus was known. The most corrupt 
 and incomprehensible form of the title is Thonos Concoleros, the least 
 corrupt form perhaps being Makoscoleros, as written by Sycellus.| 
 Now, " Mako," I conceive to be merely a corruption of Nabo ; and 
 Naboconcoleros no one can doubt would be a corruption of Nabo- 
 chodoneros, or Nabuchodonosor. 
 
 Thus Assurbanipal, or Acraganes, who reigned forty-two years, 
 was predecessor of Sardanapalus, not Sardanapalus himself; and Sar- 
 danapalus, or Nabopalassar, reigned twenty years over Nineveh. 
 Thus also, the chronology of the empire of Assyria is brought down 
 with distinctness to the year B.C. 606, the last year of the reign of 
 Nabopalassar, or Sardanapalus, And as during the reigns of Sargon, 
 Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Assurbanipal, and Saracus, Nineveh and 
 
 * .Judith i, 1, 11. t Tobit xiv, 15. X Syncellus Diud. Vol. i, p. 390. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 355 
 
 Babylon formed parts of the same empire, so Nabopalassar, though 
 fixing his palace at Babylon, like Esarhaddon, is properly described, 
 as in the Book of Judith, as reigning at Nineveh. 
 
 The history now becomes somewliat obscure. Nevertheless, it 
 lies before us, if we are willing to put together the scattered threads 
 which have been preserved. For we learn from Cleitarchus that 
 " Sardanapalus died of old age, after having been deprived of the 
 empire of Syria," that is, Assyria. It was not he, therefore, that 
 burned himself in his own palace. Aristobulus '"' informs us that 
 Sardanapalus was buried at Ankiale, near Tarsus, and that the inscrip- 
 tion on his tomb declared that he was descended from Anacynderaxes, 
 or Anabaxares, both probably corruptions of Sennacherib. He may 
 have been descended, therefore, through a female line from Esarhaddon 
 and Sennacherib : and so claimed the empire of right on the death 
 of Assur-ebil-ili. And this is the meaning of a peculiar expression 
 used by Abydenus, who, after speaking of Axerdis or Esarhaddon, 
 writes, — " hinc Sardanapalus exortus est." That he was still alive 
 as late as B.C. 585, we know from Herodotus, wlio says that it was 
 " Labynetus of Babylon," — he does not say king — who with Syennesis 
 of Cilicia brought about peace between the Medes and Lydians in 
 that year, which well accords with the fact of his residence at Tarsus ; 
 and from Berosus we learn, that at the time of the fall of Nineveh 
 (583) he was incapable of heading Jiis own army, which he placed 
 under his son Nebuchadnezzar. All this, again, is perfectly consistent 
 with the fact that his wife Nitocris was reigning at Babylon when 
 Nineveh was finally overthrown in that year. 
 
 Now what we wish to know is, what was doino: at Nineveh 
 during the twenty-four years from 606 to 583, while Sardanapalus, 
 or Nabopalassar was taking his ease at Tarsus, and while Nitociis 
 was holding the reins of government at Babylon. 
 
 If we turn to Agathias, who follows the history of Ctesias, he 
 tells us, that it was Arbacesf the Mede, and Belesus the Babylonian, 
 son of Delcetades, who deprived Sardanapalus of the empire (in 
 B.C. 606) : and from Abydenus we learn tliat Saracus, who must have 
 
 * The several passages may be conveuieutly referred to in Cliutou's Fast. Hell., 
 Vol. i, 275. 
 
 t We know of no king of Media at tliis time callod Arbaces. Possibly Belesus the 
 Babylonian may have been prefect of Arbaka. 
 
356 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 succeeded Belesus, was in possession — he does not say how — of the 
 throne of Nineveh, when Nebuchadnezzar and Cyaxares conquered 
 that city, and when Saracus, not Sardanapahis, burned himself in 
 his palace (in B.C. 583). Now, with regard to the fall of Assyria, 
 it has been customary to suppose that the son of Assurbanipal, whose 
 name is written Bel-ebil-eli, was the last king of Nineveh. But it 
 has been conjectured that he had two successors, Bel-ziker-iskun (or 
 Bel-sum-iskun), and a son and successor of Bel-ziker-iskun, whose 
 name is supposed to be lost, and who was probably the monarch 
 under whom Nineveh was destroyed. 
 
 This conjecture may not unlikely prove to be the truth. For 
 who is Bel-sum- (iskun) "king of Assyiia,"* but Belesus, son of 
 Delcetades of Ctesias ? and who is his son, whose name is said to 
 be lost, but (Nergal)-Sharezar, or Saracus, who, on a tablet in the 
 British Museum, announces himself to be son of Bel-sum-iskun, 
 "king of Babylon,"* and who has hitherto been supposed to be 
 quite another king.t 
 
 The succession, therefore, of kings at Nineveh, was thus : — 
 
 Assurbanipal, or Acrao-anes, and"! ■ ac r r-nc 
 
 , 1 ., .1. - ° > reion 42 years, from B.C. 6G8 
 
 Assur-ebil-ili J 
 
 Nabopalassar, or Sardanapalus, ^ 
 
 ]Srabiicliodonosor, or Labynetus, > ,, 20 „ ,, 625 
 
 bnsband of Nitocris , . . . J 
 
 Tlie Scythians obtain supremacy in Asia for 28 years . . 610 
 
 They make peace with Psammetichus in 608 
 
 Bel-sum-iskun, or Belesus, and "| 
 
 his son Saracus, or Nerval- . ^^ . ,r - ^ 
 
 oi ± •^ • ■ °^ r reiofn 22 years, irom B.C. b\)i> t 
 
 feharezar, as tributaries to [ => "^ 
 
 Scythia J 
 
 Nabopalassar and Nitocris, after"! (^^^.^ 
 
 the fall of Nineveh .... J " " 
 
 Nebuchadnezzar „ 43 ,, ,, 581 
 
 This is obviously the true outline of the history : and we find 
 accordingly that it was well understood by Herodotus, Abydenus, 
 and the writer of the Book of Judith, and that together they have 
 given us all the necessary leading dates connected with it. No 
 reasonable person can doubt that Herodotus and the writer of Judith 
 
 * Mr. Smith (p. 323) has placed Bilzikeriskun between Tiglath-Pileser and Sennacherib. 
 But who then is Nergal-Sharezar ? 
 
 t See Cuneiform Inscriptions, Vol. i, p. 8, No. VI. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 357 
 
 had the same history before them, when they wrote concerning the 
 last days of Nineveh. Herodotus relates that a certain king of 
 Nineveh slew Phraortes the Mede in battle •^' that a few years after 
 Cyaxares the Mede came up against Nineveh to avenge his father's 
 death :f that the allies of Assyria held themselves aloof : that 
 Cyaxares was the king who afterwards made peace with the 
 Lydians at the time of the eclipse of B.C. 585 : tliat Nineveh was 
 saved on this occasion by an army of Scythians : that the Scythians 
 soon after they had conquered the Medes led their forces towards 
 Egypt, and were met by Psammetichus king of Egypt in Palestine, 
 who purchased peace : that on tlieir return, the Scythians plundered 
 Ascalon : and that they remained masters of Asia for twenty-eight 
 years, till the fall of Nineveh. In the Book of Judith we read, 
 that Nabuchodonosor (Nabopalassar, whose reign is fixed by an 
 eclipse) "who reigned at Nineveh," in his 12th year (b.c. 614) slew 
 Arphaxad king of the Medes in battle : that not long after he teas 
 forsaken of his allies: that in his 18th year (b.c. 608) he sent 
 an army of 120,000 footmen, and 12,000 cavalry, by the way of 
 Damascus, and Tyre, and Sidon into Palestine, " and they that 
 dwelt in Azotus, or Ashdod, and Ascalon feared him greatly : and 
 they sent embassadors unto him (the general Holofernes) to treat of 
 2^ec(ce :" that Joakim, or Ehakim, the aged high priest,| was then still 
 ruhng in Jerusalem (b.c. 608, being the ninth year of the reign of 
 the young king Josiah) : and that Judith, after slaying Holofernes, 
 lived to the 105th year, {i.e. of the captivity of the ten tribes) 
 till B.C. 591. Neither of these histories, however, gives the exact 
 time of the entry of the Scythians into power, from which to 
 calculate twenty-eight years to the fall of Nineveh. But here 
 Abydenus comes in with a remarkably exact date, showing that he 
 had the same history before him as Herodotus and the writer of 
 Judith. For, after enumerating the several kings of Assyria down 
 to Sardanapalus, he writes concerning this last king — "qui omnium 
 extremus fuit : a quo ad primum Olympiadem 67 {read 167) anni 
 putantur"§ — that is, from the year B.C. 610, inclusive, to B.C. 776. 
 
 * Herod, i, 102. + Herod, i, 103. t Son of Hilkiab, Isaiah xxii, 22. 
 
 § Euseb. Chron. i, xiii, p. .36. Mr. Clinton, Vol. i, p. 273, assumes that Abydenus has 
 here contradicted himself to the extent of more than 230 years, which is highly improbable. 
 
358 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Thus tlie supremacy of the Scythians in Asia, which began before 
 the expulsion of Sardanapalus from Nineveh by Belsumiskun, is 
 dated with precision in B.C. 610, and lasted for twenty-eight years, 
 till tlie time when Saracus, or Sharezar, son of Belsumiskun, was 
 conquered by the Modes and Babylonians in B.C. 583. Abydenus 
 then counts 1,280 years upwards from 610, inclusive, to the time of 
 the Chaldean dynasty of Ninus and Semiramis, leading up to the year 
 B.C. 1889 : and Ctesias counts 1,306 years from 583, leading up from 
 the overthrow of Nineveh by the Modes and Babylonians to Ninus 
 and Semiramis, which brings us again to the same date, B.C. 1889. 
 
 This series of dates is consistent, accurate, and complete. When 
 Berosus, therefore, as quoted by Josephus, places the first year of 
 Nebuchadnezzar after a twenty-nine years' reign of Nabopalassar in 
 Babylon, he is reckoning from the time when the establishment of 
 Scythian supremacy left him only his tributary position at Babylon : 
 and when Ctesias affirms that Nineveh was destroyed in the time of 
 Sardanapalus, he is in fact stating the truth, though mistaken in 
 supposing that it was Sardanapalus, instead of Saracus, who destroyed 
 himself in his palace. 
 
 The recovery, thus made, of the date of the Chaldean dynasty of 
 Ninus and Semiramis, B.C. 1889, leads again to the recovery of the 
 true date of the invasion of Assyria by Pul the Chaldean. For 
 Berosus tells us that after three successive dynasties at Nineveh, that 
 is to say, of — 
 
 49 Chaldean kings, who reigned 458 years 
 
 9 Arabian kings 145* ,, 
 
 45 Assyrian kings 526 „ 
 
 1,129 years 
 
 there arose a Chaldean king called Phul, who invaded the Assyrian 
 empire and subjugated it to the Chaldees. Now Phu1, without 
 question, is " Pul king of Assyria," who " came against the land : 
 and Menahem gave Pul 1,000 talents of silver to confirm the 
 kingdom to his hand" (2 Kings xv, 19). If Pul, therefore, began 
 
 * The figure in the original is 245, making 1,229 years, instead of 1,129. if that 
 figure is retained, the 1,280 years of Castor and Ahydeuus must be altered to 1,380, and 
 the 1,306 of Ctesias to 1,406. I prefer to alter 245 into 145. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 359 
 
 to reign 1,129 years after Ninus and Semiramis, in B.C. 1889, his 
 first year must have been B.C. 760 : and as the reign of Tiglath- 
 Pileser is fixed, by means of the eclipse at Nineveh in 763, to the 
 year B.C. 745, the reign of Pul must have fallen between the years 
 760 and 745. Now, according to my reckoning, that is the reckoning 
 of Demetrius,""' the year 760 is the 26th year of Uzziah, and the 
 last year of Jeroboam king of Israel, and it is the third year after 
 the echpse of June, B.C. 763 : and with reference to this eclipse the 
 prophet Amos writes — " And it shall come to pass in that day, saith 
 the Lord God, that I will cause the sun to go down at noon, and I 
 will darken the earth in the clear day" (Amos viii, 9); and again, 
 *' Thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel 
 shall surely be led away captive out of their own land" (vii, 11). 
 Accordingly, it was in the year 760 that " the God of Israel stirred 
 up the spirit of Pul king of Assyria, and the spirit of Tiglath-Pileser, 
 and he carried them away, even the Reubenites and the Gadites," &c. 
 (1 Chron. V, 26), and when Jeroboam must have died by the sword. 
 
 The chronology of the Assyrian empire, therefore, may thus be 
 collected : — 
 
 Elamite, or Median, domination, lasted 224 years, from B.C. 2287 
 
 Eleven kings 
 
 From Ninus and Semiramis . . 
 
 Arabian invasion 
 
 Assyrian empire from Ninippalzara 
 Invasion of Pul the Chaldean 
 Restoration of the Assyrian 1 
 
 empire under Tiglath-Pileser }» 
 
 and his successors . . . . J 
 Invasion of the Scythians . . . 
 
 Final desti-uction of Nineveh ~1 
 
 and empire of the Medes . . J 
 
 From the foregoing reasoning, I submit that two things may be 
 inferred with absolutely certainty — 
 
 1st. That the Median empire, after the fall of Nineveh, did not 
 begin till after the year B.C. 585. 
 
 * See p. 365. 
 
 t Fixed by the eclipse recorded at Nineveh in B.C. 763, eighteen years before his 
 accession. Tlie path of this eclipse, as calculated by Mr. Hind, is given as frontispiece to 
 "Messiah the Prince." 
 
 (175) 
 
 )? 
 
 55 
 
 2062 
 
 458 
 
 J5 
 
 55 
 
 1889 
 
 145 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 1431 
 
 526 
 
 55 
 
 55 
 
 1286 
 
 15 
 
 )5 
 
 55 
 
 760 
 
 135 
 
 )S 
 
 55 
 
 745 
 
 28 
 
 55 
 55 
 
 55 
 55 
 
 610 
 
 583 
 
360 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 2nd. That since Cyaxares king of Media was still reigning in 
 
 585, and Astyages his son married the daughter of Alyattes 
 
 in that year, and was on the throne at least forty years after 
 
 that date, the conquest of the Medes by the Persians, and 
 
 the establishment of the supremacy of the latter, did not 
 
 take place under Cyrus so early as B.C. 559 : nor probably 
 
 till the year B.C. 538, that is to say, till after the traditional 
 
 date of the fall of Astyages, B.C. 539, as preserved by 
 
 Syncellus both in the astronomical and the ecclesiastical 
 
 canons. 
 
 I would earnestly suggest, therefore, to historians to take into 
 
 consideration the impossibility of maintaining the reckoning of 
 
 Herodotus when treating of the times of the Median and Persian 
 
 empires, which is at variance with the one leading date which he 
 
 has been the means of preserving to us : and that they should give 
 
 heed to the histories of Ctesias and Xenophon, which are found in 
 
 harmony with that date, but which are too frequently set aside as 
 
 mere romance. 
 
 Astronomers also will permit me to point out that they are 
 apparently wasting their strength, while endeavouring to rectify the 
 theory of the moon's secular acceleration on the assumption that the 
 siege of Larissa, which happened when the Medes were conquered by 
 the Persians, took place so early as the year B.C. 557, and assuming 
 as the fundamental point in their calculations that the shadow of the 
 solar eclipse of that year must have passed centrally over that city."^^ 
 While theologians will excuse me, if I entreat them no longer to 
 make void and unintelligible the most gracious of all gracious 
 revelations ever vouchsafed to man from heaven, by continuing to 
 uphold the untenable contradiction, that the prophet Daniel when 
 speaking of the great king " Darius," who took the government of 
 Babylon in hand when about sixty-two years of age, and from whose 
 reign are counted the "weeks" of years "unto Messiah the Prince," 
 was speaking of some Median king bearing quite another title, or of 
 any other king than the well known king Darius, son of Hystaspes. f 
 
 * See Philosophical Transactions, 1853. Sir John Herschel's Astronomy, p. G85 ; and 
 Hansen's Lunar and Solar Tables. 
 
 + See the last two, and most learned, commentaries on the Book of Daniel, by 
 Dr. Pusey, and the present Bishop of Lincoln. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 301 
 
 III. As REGARDS LyDIA. 
 
 Concerning the chronology of the kings of Lydia, two dates may 
 
 be considered as fixed with almost absolute certainty. First, that 
 
 Gyges, the successor of Candaules, began to reign in the year 
 
 B.C. 704-3, in the first year of the 19tli OljTnpiad. Second, that 
 
 Alyattes began to reign in the year B.C. G05-4. The interval 
 
 between these two reigns is exactly ninety-nine years, which in our 
 
 present copies of Herodotus is thus filled up : — 
 
 Gyges reigns 38 years. 
 
 Ardys 49 „ 
 
 Sadyattes 12 „ 
 
 99 years. 
 As regards the first of these dates, Phny records that Candaules 
 died in the course of the 18th Olympiad = B.C. 708-4 : and Clement 
 of Alexandi-ia, that Gyges began to reign after the 18 th Olympiad, 
 that is in B.C. 704-3. As regards the second, the accession of 
 Alyattes is fixed by the Parian Chronicle to the year B.C. 605-4. 
 
 The interval between the time of the accession of Gyges and the 
 reign of Alyattes has been filled up by Eusebius almost according 
 to fancy : thus — 
 
 Chronicle OF Eusebius.* n.-.rr..r r.-^ Wr^^-c-ryrr-c, Q^-x-r.nTTr^o 
 
 (JANON of JliUSEBIUS. fe^NCELLCS. 
 
 PART I. PART II. 
 
 Gyges . . 35 years. 36 . . 36 . . 36 
 
 Ardys .. 37 „ 48 .. 38 .. 38 
 
 Sadyattes . . 5 „ 15 . . 15 . . 15 
 
 77 years. 99 89 89 
 
 In the uncertainty produced by these several variations, showing 
 the very wavering character of this portion of the chronology of 
 Eusebius, the Annals of Assurbanipal come to our assistance witli 
 much precision to rectify his dates. For, as I have already shown 
 (p. 342), Psammetichus fled to the court of Gyges in the year 
 B.C. G55-4, and Gyges, who favoured his revolt against Assyria, also 
 died in that same year. Gyges, therefore, must have reigned forty- 
 nine years, from B.C. 703 to 655, not thirty-six years as given 
 by Eusebius, nor thirty-eight years as in our present copies of 
 Herodotus. It is clear, therefore, that either Herodotus, or more 
 
 * Armeiiiau copy. Aiicher. 
 
 3 A 
 
362 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 probably his copyist, had reversed the figures attached to the regnal 
 years of Gyges and his son Ardys, which should be written forty-nine 
 for the first, and thirty-eight for the second, producing after correc- 
 tion the followmg chronology of the kingdom of Lydia : — 
 
 Gjges reigns 49 years, from B.C. 703 
 
 Ardys „ 38 „ „ 654 
 
 Sadyattes „ 12 „ „ GIG 
 
 Alyattes „ 57 „ „ 604 
 
 Croesus „ 14 „ „ 548 
 
 to 
 534 
 
 And thus the conquest of Croesus falls, as it should do, not many 
 years after the establishment of the supremaxjy of the Persians over 
 the Medes, which, as I have said, took place in the year B.C. 538, on 
 the death of Astyages, who was buried with kingly honours by 
 his son-in-law Cyrus father of Cambyses, who took the throne of 
 Ecbatana in B.C. 538, and established the empire of the Persians. 
 
 IV. As REGARDS JuD^A. 
 
 From the foregoing history of A ssurbanipal, following chiefly the 
 outline laid down in Cylinder A, we learn that in his first expedition 
 he drove Tirhakah, king of Egypt and Ethiopia, out of Egypt, and 
 estabhshed the dodecarchy in B.C. 668-7 (p. 15). 
 
 That in his second expedition against Egypt, after the death of 
 Tirhakah, he drove Eudammon, or Urdumane, stepson of Tirhakah, 
 out of Egypt, in B.C. 656 (p. 52). 
 
 That in his third expedition he besieged Tyre : and that the 
 date of that year is fixed as being that of the death of Gyges, king of 
 Lydia, and the accession of Ardys, = B.C. 655-4 (p. 58). 
 
 That his fourth expedition (Cylinder B) was directed against 
 the city of Karbit, beyond the Tigris to the east, when the population 
 of Karbit "^vas transported into Egypt : before Psammetichus, there- 
 fore, had become established sole king of Egypt : in B.C. 654 (p. 79). 
 
 That in the following year (p. 100, Cylinder B) he invaded Elam : 
 when Urtaki king of Elam was slain, and Teumman set upon the 
 throne of Elam, B.C. 653-2. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 363 
 
 Tliat in his fifth expedition Teumman was slain, and Ummanigas 
 and Tammaritu were placed on the thrones of Elam and Hidaln ; 
 after which Saulmugina his brother, viceroy of Babylon, revolted, in 
 the year when Assur-dur-iizur was archon eponjrmous at Nineveh, 
 B.C. 652-1 (pp. 110, 151). 
 
 And- — which is a point to be carefuUy observed — that after the 
 elevation of Ummanigas and Tammaritu, in B.C. 652, Assurbimipal 
 despatched an envoy to Elam to demand the restoration of the image 
 of Nana, which had been carried off to Shushan iDy Kudurnanhiindi, 
 1635 years before that time, that is in (1635 + 652 = ) B.C. 2287 
 (p. 200). 
 
 The result of these wars in Elam was the entire wasting and 
 depopulation of that country, and the destruction of Shushan : * and 
 now it was, we may assume, that Assurbanipal began to transport 
 the population of Elam into the vacant cities of Samaria, which had 
 been laid waste by Sargon, Shalmanezer, and Sennacherib, though 
 tributary kings of Assyrian appointment had stiJl continued to 
 reign in that kingdom. The transportation of the Elamites was 
 probably soon followed by that of the Babylonians and Susanchitcs, 
 who, w^e have seen, were associated in revolt with Elam, and were 
 conquered, and severely punished. 
 
 We find from the cylinders of Esarhaddon that Abibahal was 
 king of Samaria as late as B.C. 673, and, together with Manasseh 
 king of Judah, gave tribute to Esarhaddon ; but before the year 
 B.C. 646, according to Mr. Smith, an Assyrian governor is named as 
 having been placed over Samaria, showing that the kingdom had 
 then entirely ceased, and the country had become incorporated with 
 Assyria. Now Isaiah, speaking in the first or second year of the 
 reign of Ahaz, had said : *' "Witliin three score and five years shall 
 Ephraim be broken, that it be not a people " (Isaiah vii. 8) : and if 
 we count sixty-five years upwards from the conquest of Teiunman 
 and the Elamites, in B.C. 652, we come to the year B.C. 717, which, 
 according to the reckoning of Demetrius, is the second year of Aliaz. 
 Again, the Seder 01am Eabbah, or great chronicle of the Jews 
 (ch. xiv), places the carrying away of Manasseh to Babylon by the 
 
 * It is interesting to find here distinct notice of the river Ulai near Shushan, referred to 
 by Daniel viii, 2, the existence of which has been doubted (p. 111). 
 
364 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 king of Assyria in the 22iid year of Manasseh : and this 22nd of 
 Manasseh, according to Demetrins, is B.C. 652. So that it appears 
 that in that year an exchange of popidation between Palestine and 
 the kingdoms of Elam and Babylonia had taken place, in conformity 
 with the poKcy adopted by the kings of Assyria from the time of 
 Tiglath-Pileser. Ezra refers to this migration of captives, when, in 
 transcribing a letter from the people of Samaria to Darius, in later 
 days, he alludes to the " Archevites, or people of Warka in Babylonia, 
 the Babylonians, the Susanchites, the Dehavites, and the Elamites, 
 and the rest of the nations whom the great and noble Asnappar 
 brought over and set in the cities of Samaria" (Ezra iv, 9, 10). 
 
 With regard to the title Asnappar, for Assurbanipal, it must be 
 observed that the letter from the Samaritans which Ezra transcribes 
 is written, not in Hebrew, but in the Aramaic language, and that the 
 last syllable " pal," which signifies son in Assyrian, would properly be 
 written " bar," or " par," which signifies son, in Aramaic. So that the 
 name of the Assyrian king, which if written in full would have been 
 Assur-bani-par,'"' had become contracted in course of time by the 
 Samaritan mixed j)opulation brought from Babylonia and Elam, into 
 the form transcribed by Ezra. 
 
 I have observed that the time of this transportation of captives 
 in B.C. 652, from Elam to Samaria falls in correctly with the reckoning 
 of Demetrius, who wrote a history of the kings of Judsea about the 
 year B.C. 222 ; and, as I beheve that he who adopts the reckoning of 
 Demetrius has the key to the interpretation both of Assyrian and 
 Hebrew chronology in his hands, it may not be unuseful if I here set 
 out the reigns of the kmgs of Judah and Israel, with their dates, as 
 derived from an abstract of dates from Demetrius, preserved by 
 Clement of Alexandria, concerning the captivities of Judah and 
 Israel, and compare them with the Assyrian Canon. 
 
 " Demetrius, in his book on the kings of Judaea," writes Clement, 
 
 " says that the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and Levi were not taken 
 
 captive by Sennacherib ; but that from this captivity, (that is from the 
 
 first carrying away of captives from the land of Judah in B.C. 688) to 
 
 the last which Nabuchodonosor made out of Jerusalem (Jerem. lii, 30), 
 
 * Dr. Haigh cousidei's that the second elemeut of the name, p:^ baui, may also 
 represent, na. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 365 
 
 there were a hundred and twenty-eight years and six months ; and 
 from the time that the ten tribes were carried captive from Samaria 
 till the fourth Ptolemy were five {read four) hundred and seventy- 
 three years, nine months ; and that from the time that the (last) 
 captivity from Jerusalem took place, three hundi'ed and thirty-eight 
 years and three months."* 
 
 Demetrius compared with the Assyrian Canon. 
 
 BECKONING OF DEMETRIUS. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 PART OF 
 ASSYRIAN CiNON. 
 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 B.C. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF JUDAII. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF Israel. 
 
 
 End of \st Soss 
 
 1028 
 
 993 
 
 Solomou . . 
 
 YEARS 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 Divided into Sosses, or 
 periods of GO years. 
 
 End of 2nd Soss 
 
 9G8 
 
 953 
 
 Relioboam 
 
 17 
 
 953 
 
 Jeroboam 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 22 
 
 
 TEARS. 
 
 
 936 
 
 Abijah 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 
 . . 
 
 , , 
 
 
 933 
 
 Asa . . 
 
 41 
 
 933 
 
 Nadab . . 
 Baasha . . 
 
 2 
 24 
 
 
 •• 
 
 
 .. 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 
 
 928 
 
 Vul-nirari . . . . 20 
 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 
 907 
 
 Elah .*.' 
 
 }^ 
 
 908 
 
 Tukulti-Ninip . . 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Zimri . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 End of 3rd Soss 
 
 908 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 90G 
 
 Omri . . 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 
 894 
 
 Ahab .. 
 
 22 
 
 902 
 
 Assur-nazir-pal . . 28 
 
 
 892 
 
 Jelioshapliat 
 
 25 
 
 •• 
 
 
 
 877 
 
 Shalmaueser II. . . 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 872 
 
 Ahaziah 
 
 2 
 
 . , 
 
 . , 
 
 S72t 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 871 
 
 Joram . . 
 
 11-12 
 
 .. 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 d(j^ 
 
 Jehoram . . 
 
 7-8 
 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 8G1 
 
 Ahaziali . . 
 
 1 
 
 .. 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 .. 
 
 
 SCO 
 
 Athaliali . . 
 
 G 
 
 8G0 
 
 Jehu . . 
 
 27-28 
 
 
 
 360J 
 
 854 
 
 Joash 
 
 40 
 
 
 
 
 
 E7id ofith Soss 
 
 848 
 
 * Clem. Alex. Strom. 1 
 
 t Shalmauczcr iu his 6th year conquers Benhadad, supported by troops of Ahab. 
 
 t Shalmanezer in his 18th year takes tribute of Jehu, and fights with Hazael. 
 
3G6 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Demetrius compared with the Assyrian Canon — continued. 
 
 RECKONING- OF DEMETRIUS. | 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 B.C. 
 
 PART OF 
 ASSYRIAN CANON. 
 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 1 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 B.C. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF JUDAH. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF Israel. 
 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 TEAKS 
 
 . , 
 
 TEAKS. 
 
 . . 
 
 Beg-iuning of a Cycle * 
 
 YEARS. 
 
 847 
 
 • • 
 
 , , 
 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 842 
 
 [A ssurdaniupal f 19]? 
 
 
 « • 
 
 •• 
 
 
 832 
 815 
 
 Jelioahaz 17 
 Jehoash 16-15 
 
 823 
 
 Samsi-vul III. . . 13 
 
 
 814 
 
 Amaziali , . 
 
 29 
 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 • ' 
 
 • * 
 
 
 800 
 
 Jeroboam 41 
 
 810 
 
 Vul-nirari . . . . 29 
 Cycle (karru) 5th Soss | 
 
 788 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Nebo enters his new temple 
 
 787 
 
 785 
 
 Uzziah . . 
 
 52 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 781 
 
 Shalmanuzur . . 10 
 
 
 « • . 
 
 ^ . 
 
 
 
 , , 
 
 771 
 
 Assm-dayan . . 18 
 
 
 , , 
 
 
 
 759 
 
 InteiTegnum 12 
 
 
 Solar Eclipse § 
 
 763 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 • * 
 
 
 
 
 753 
 
 Assmr-nirari . . 8 
 
 
 • • 
 
 ,. 
 
 
 747 
 
 Menahem 10 
 
 
 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 745 
 
 Tiglath-Pileser .. 22 
 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 
 736 
 
 Pekahiah 2 
 
 •• 
 
 In association with 
 Shalmanezer and 
 
 
 . . 
 
 
 
 734 
 
 Pekah . . 20 
 
 
 Sargon . . 11 
 
 
 734 
 
 Jotham . . 
 
 16 
 
 
 •• 
 
 
 Endo/eth Soss 
 
 728 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 723 
 722 
 
 Shalmanezer 
 
 Saigou . . . . 17 
 
 
 718 
 
 Ahaz . . 
 
 16 
 
 , , 
 
 , , 
 
 . , 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 714 
 
 Interregnum 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 705 
 
 Iloshea 9 
 
 705 
 
 Sennacherib . . 24 
 
 
 702 
 
 Ilezekiah. . 
 
 29 
 
 696 
 
 II "r^ ,■ ■ 
 
 
 ;; 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 of the Ten Tribes 
 
 
 Sennacherib carries away 
 
 6881F 
 
 
 
 
 
 473 years 9 months 
 before the IV"' 
 
 
 captives from Judaea 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy, 
 
 680 
 
 Esarhaddon. . . . 13 
 
 
 673 
 
 Manasseh 
 
 55 
 
 '• 
 
 Nov. B.C. 222. 
 
 668 
 
 Assm-bauipal . . 42 
 
 End of 1th Soss 
 
 668 
 
 * Shalmanezer inaugurates a Cycle in his 31st year. Annals of Shalmanezer II. 
 
 t Assurdaninpal, who usurped the throne, is omitted from the Assyrian Canon. By allowing 
 nineteen years to this reign, the interval of sixty years between two cycles is made up. See the acta 
 of this king in Oppert's Histoire des empire de Chaldee et d'Assyrie, p. 123. 
 
 X 23rd year of Vulnirari marked as a Cycle in the Canon. 
 
 § 9th year of Assurdayan marked by a Solar Eclipse in Sivan (15th June^^ 763). 
 
 II This date is found upon ancient gravestones in the Crimea.— See Professor Chwolson's treatise 
 ©u these stones, " Memoii's of the Imperial Academy of Scicncoe," St. Petersburg, 1865. 
 
 % Demetrius. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 367 
 
 E.ECKONIXG OF Demetrius — continued. 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 Kings 
 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF JUDAII. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF Israel. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 OF Assyria. 
 
 B.C. 
 
 
 
 652 
 
 People of Elam, Shu- 
 shan, and Eabylonia 
 ti-ansportcd to Sa- 
 maria, within 65 
 years from the 1st of 
 Ahaz. Ezra iv, 10. 
 Isaiah vii, 8. 
 
 625 
 
 Image of Nana reclaimed 
 by Assurbanipal . . 
 
 After 2 Ncrs = 1200 years 
 7 Bosses = 420 „ 
 15 years 15 „ 
 
 1635 years* 
 Sardanapalus or Nabo- 
 
 652 
 
 G18 
 
 Amou . . 2 
 
 
 
 
 palassar . . . . 20 
 
 
 GIG 
 
 Josiah . . 31 
 
 
 
 
 End of 8th Soss 
 
 608 
 
 
 
 
 
 605 
 
 [Bel-sum-iskun] (?) 
 Saracus 
 
 
 
 M. 
 
 Jehoaliaz 3 
 
 
 
 581 
 
 1st Nebuchadnezzar 43 
 
 
 585 
 
 Jelioiakim 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 574 
 
 Jechoniali 3 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 573 
 
 Zedekiah 11 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 563 
 
 Temple of Jerusalem 
 destroyed. 
 
 •• 
 
 •• 
 
 563 
 
 19th Nebuchadnezzar 
 
 
 560 
 
 Last transportation 
 of captives by Ne- 
 buchadnezzar 338 
 years 3 months 
 before the IV"' 
 
 
 Kings 
 OF Persia. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ptolemy, 
 
 Nov. B.C. 222. 
 
 559 
 
 Cyrus father of 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Cambyses 29 
 
 
 E7ifl of^th Soss 
 
 548 
 
 
 
 538 
 
 succeeds Astyages 
 
 Babylon taken by 
 Cyrus son of Cam- 
 
 538 
 
 Evilmerodach 3 
 
 
 
 Jerusalem remains 
 seventy years in 
 
 
 byses, his father 
 and grandfather 
 
 
 Nergal-Sharezar, Rab- 
 
 
 
 a state of desola- 
 
 
 being still alive, 
 
 
 mag? § 
 
 
 
 tion, till the ] st 
 
 
 about B.C. 536. 
 
 
 
 
 
 year of Darius. 
 ■ (Dan. ix, 1). 
 
 536 
 520 
 
 517 
 
 Cambyses J 18 
 
 Cyrus sou of 
 Cambyses 
 
 Darius 36 
 
 536 
 495 
 
 Nabonadius, local king 17 
 
 Belshazzar son of 
 Nabouadius 
 
 
 492 
 
 Darius f son of 
 
 , , 
 
 ^ , 
 
 492 
 
 Darius son of Hystaspes ^ 
 
 
 
 Hystaspes 
 
 493 
 
 Artaxcrxes 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (Xerxes) |1 
 
 End of 10th Soss 
 
 488 
 
 * See p. 251. 
 
 f Darius "took the kingdom being about three score and two years old."^ — Dan. v, 31. 
 
 X Cyrus associates his son Cambyses with Mm in B.C. 536, when Darius is about nineteen years 
 old. (Herod, i, 108.) Ctesias, therefore, says that he reigned eiglitoen years, Clement says nineteen. 
 He continued to reign till B.C. 518, spending his last five years in Egypt. — Ctesias. 
 
 II Artaxerxes (Xerxes) took the kingdom (of Persia) Darius being fidl of years, LXX. — Dan. v, 31. 
 
 § Jercm. xxxix, 3. - ^ Darius now styled " king of Assyria." — Ezra vi, 22. 
 
368 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Thus the Books of Daniel and Ezra, which as we have seen"^ 
 are incomprehensible as regards their chronology according to the 
 common reckoning, become intelligible when interpreted in connexion 
 with the reckoning of Demetrius. For the year in which '^ Darius 
 the Median took the kingdom," (that is, put down the turbulent 
 satrapy of Babylon, and took the government of Babylon and Assyria 
 into his own hands) when about sixty-two years' old, is found to be 
 the year B.C. 492, when Darius the son of Hystaspes was actually 
 about that age. And from the LXX version of Daniel we find that 
 Artaxerxes (or Xerxes) first came to the throne of Persia in associa- 
 tion with his father Darius in that same year. KaX 'ApTa^ep^r)<; 6 rwv 
 Mi]8cov irapeXa/Se rrjv ^aatXefav, koI Aape[o<i TrXijpr]^ twv rjfiepcbv koI evSo^o<i 
 ev yrjpei. While Ezra, speaking of the rebuilding of the temple of 
 Jerusalem in the time of Darius son of Hystaspes, records how 
 *' Ahasuerus," that is Xerxes, "in the beginning of his reign," — the 
 common phrase applied to the time preceding his actual reign — was 
 appealed to to stop the building, and how it was " builded and 
 finished" in the sixth year of Darius, that is B.C. March 486, "by 
 the commandment of Darius and Artaxerxes king of Persia": four 
 years after the battle of Marathon, when Darius had, as Herodotus 
 ^ells us, placed Xerxes on the throne as king, and when according to 
 Ezra he must have assumed the title Artaxerxes (Ezra vi, 14, 15). 
 But it has been objected that Daniel, according to this view, "gives 
 the monarch a wrong parentage (Ahasuerus instead of Hystaspes) 
 and a wrong nationality (Median instead of Persian). f Here is a 
 difiiculty which must not be slurred over too hastily. Ahasuerus, as 
 I have said, represents Xerxes in the Book of Ezra : and Xerxes we 
 know was son of Darius Hystaspes, not his father. How then could 
 Daniel, who knew the parentage of Darius, call him son of Xerxes, 
 which is not true ? The LXX translation affords, perhaps, some clue 
 towards the solution of the difficulty, where we read (ch. ix, 1), 
 "Erov<i TrpcoTov iirl Aapelov rov ^ep^ov, airo t>}<? <yeveas rr/'i M7]Sik'!}<;, 6i 
 e^aaiXevcrav eirl rr]v jBaaikeiav tt&jv XaXhalcov. The WOrds oi i/SaaiXeucrau 
 are significant. For, the two kings, Darius and Xerxes, we have seen, 
 had already become associated on the throne together, according to 
 the LXX, as early as the year B.C. 492 : and we here read that they 
 
 * See p. 351. f Chronology of the reigii of Semiaclierib, p. 16. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS 3G9 
 
 were conjointly reigning over the Chaldeans, after Belshazzar's death. 
 We might, therefore, be disposed to cut the matter short,, and laying 
 blame on the copyist, assume that the original reading of the passage 
 was not " in the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus/' but in the first 
 year of Darius and Ahasuerus, that is, of Darius and Xerxes. This is 
 in fact the truth as regards time. And with regard to the nationality 
 of the king, as Larcher observes, " Herodotus and the greater part of 
 the ancient writers, almost always comprehend the Persians under 
 the name of Medes."' Even as late as the Peloponnesian war, the 
 Greeks who favoured the Persian cause were said to Medize. 
 
 Nevertheless, I do not think that this is what Daniel intended to 
 express. Both Daniel and Demetrius lead us to look towards the 
 latter part of the reign of Darius for the time when he took the 
 government of Babylon into his own hands, when we know from 
 Herodotus that a great revolution had taken place in his dominions, 
 in which the satrapies of Ionia and Babylon were involved, and when 
 probably it was sought to set up again the Assyrian empii-e under a 
 Median prince."" For the Medes were restless under the Persians, 
 and more than one pretender to the throne in the early part of the 
 reign of Darius we know, from the inscription at Behistim, had set 
 up his claim as " of the race of Uwakshatara," or Cyaxares the Mede. 
 I am inclined, therefore, to think that Daniel here intends to put 
 forward the title of Darius to be called " king of Assyria, 't as in 
 some way connected with, or descended from Cyaxares who over- 
 threw the empire of Assyria ; that is to say, as the true representative 
 of Ahasuertis, or Cyaxares II, who was son of Astyages. Herodotus we 
 know had never heard of this prince. Xenophon, however, has given 
 a full account of him He was no doubt the Ahasuerus of the Book 
 of Esther, who married Hadassah, or 'Atossa the Je-^ish captive. Now 
 Darius Hystaspes also undoubtedly married a princess named 'Atossa, 
 and we have no reason to doubt that 'Atossa was widow of Cambyses. 
 But when Herodotus, unable to account for her royal extraction, 
 calls her the sister as well as wife of Cambyses, we are not bound to 
 believe him. 'Atossa was probably the daughter of Ahasuerus and 
 Hadassah, and so, as in the parallel instance, David son of Saul, J 
 •'• Darius son of AhasueiTis of the seed of the Medes," ti-uly signifies 
 
 ♦ Herod, i, IS*"* ; iii, 150. t Ezra vi, 22. II Samuel xxiv, 16. 
 
 o B 
 
370 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Darius Hystaspes, son-in-law, and representative of, Cyaxares the 
 Mede."^^' Any supposition seems to be preferable to the idea that 
 "Darius son of Ahasuerus" was Cyaxares son of Astyages.t What- 
 ever the true solution of the difficulty may be, as regards title, there 
 can be no question as to the chronology. 
 
 With regard to the time of the death of Belshazzar, who we now 
 know was the son of Nabonadius, I am not aware of any ancient 
 authority for placing the revolt of this kmg earlier than in the reign 
 of Darius Hystaspes. The Chronicle of Tabari records that, after the 
 death of Kai-Khosru (Cyrus), Lohrasp (Cambyses) took the throne ; 
 that Gushtasp (Darius Hystaspes) succeeded him ; and that in the 
 reign of Gushtasp, a general named Coresh, governor of 'Iraq, was 
 sent against Nebuchodonosor (Nabonadius) who ruled at Babylon, and 
 that, having captured this prince, he sent him to Balk. After this 
 Coresh took the throne of Babylon, and immediately released the 
 children of Israel from captivity. J According to this account, there- 
 fore, no revolt of Belshazzar, son of Nabonadius, could have taken 
 place earlier than the reign of Gushtasp. 
 
 Xenophon tells us that Cyrus took Babylon for the first time in the 
 reign of the Persians, when Cambyses his father was reigning in Persia, 
 and Cyrus himself not yet a king. I believe that he took the city a 
 second time during his father's life, though of this we have no record 
 in Herodotus or Xenophon. Orosius, however, writes — " Babylon 
 for the last time was overthrown by King Cyrus, when Bome for the 
 first time was freed from the tyi-anny of the Tarquin kings," § that is 
 about B.C. 510. This date we know falls within the reign of Darius 
 Hystaspes, but it is at least ten years too low. Abydenus, co^jying 
 probably from Berosus, teUs us that when Cyrus took Babylon and 
 captured Nabonadius, he gave him the principahty of Carmania, and 
 that ''Darius the king drove him from that province."! So that, 
 according to Abydenus also, no revolt of Belshazzar could have taken 
 place earlier than the reign of Darius Hystaspes. I am inclined to 
 think that Tabari's record is correct, and that Cyrus, son of Cambyses 
 
 * Some of the Persian writers relate that the mother of Kishtasj) (Darius Hystaspes) 
 was a Jewess. Othei's, that his queen (Atossa) was a Jewess.— " Times of Daniel," by the 
 Duke of Manchester, p. 152. 
 
 t If any one thinks it possible that Ahasuerus may represent Astyages, he need find 
 no difficulty in supposing it possible that Aliasuerus may represent Hystaspes. 
 
 X Zotenberg's Translation of Tabari, p. 495. 
 
 § Orosius con. paganos. Lib. ii, c. 2, p. 74. || Eusebius Auch. p. 30. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 371 
 
 king of Persia, deposed Nabonadius when Darius was actually on the 
 throne, though not on the throne of the Persian empire. For in the 
 Behistun inscription Darius seems to claim to himself the title of king 
 by birth, rather than by usurpation. And when describing the events 
 connected with the death of Gomates the Magian, after the death of 
 Cambyses, he says : " This is what I did aftei' I had become king." 
 There is also a Persian inscription extant (H. Lassen, p. 15), in which 
 Darius does not style himself as usual " king of kings," but simply 
 " king," apparently " of this province of Persia.""' It is to be observed 
 that in the great inscription at Behistun, Darius carefidly avoids 
 fixing dates to the events of his reign ; and it is clear from the 
 Parian Chronicle, Ctesias, Manetho, and the Apis monuments that his 
 reign of thirty-six years did not begin till after the death of Cambyses 
 in B.C. 518.t Nevertheless, in after days he must have placed the date 
 of his first accession as early as B.C. 521, as appears from the dates 
 of eclipses in his reign recorded by Ptolemy. It w^as, I thmk, in the 
 interval between 521 and 518, while Cambyses was occupied in 
 Egypt, and when the whole empire of Persia, as descril*ed by Darius 
 on the rock, was in revolt against liim, that Nabonadius w^as deposed 
 by Cyrus son of Cambyses.J Be this, however, as it may, when Daniel, 
 who was in Babylon, states the fact — " In that night was Belshazzar 
 king of the Chaldeans slain, and Darius the Median took the kingdom," 
 — I am at a loss to understand how any one can venture to argue that 
 Belshazzar died during the siege in the reign of Cyrus. § All 
 Babylonian contracts dated in the reign of Darius reckoned of course 
 the years of his reign from the time when he first became master of 
 Babylon, not from the time of his putting down the revolt of Bel- 
 shazzar. The tablet, therefore, in the British Museum, bearing date 
 in the 1 8th of Darius, in no way interferes with this interpretation. 
 
 In support of the assertion that Demetrius affords the key to 
 the interpretation of Assyrian as well as Hebrew chronology, I will 
 examine the interval of sixty years between the dates B.C. 734 aiid 
 G74 in the above table, within which there is much confusion of 
 history, and concerning which Mr. Smith writes : " If the taking of 
 
 * Jouru. E. As. Soc, Vol. x, Part iii, p. 273. 
 t See Appendix to ?ud Edit. " Me«si;di the Priuce," p. 371. 
 
 X In the " Fragmeuta Vetustissimorum," quoted by the Duke of Manchestei', p 230, 
 Cyvus aud Darius are said to have reigned together some few years. 
 § See Chronology of the reigu of Sennacherib, p. 15. 
 
372 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Samaria happened about B.C. 721, the expedition of Sennacherib 
 against Hezekiah B.C. 701, with the possibiHty of a second attack on 
 Hezekiah about B.C. 688, these dates cannot be reconciled with the 
 chronology of the Book of Kings."* I should much regret to be 
 compelled to throw doubt upon the reckoning of the Book of Kings. 
 Let us see, therefore, whether Demetrius can relieve us from the sup- 
 posed difficulty, without straining either the Book of Kings or the 
 Assyrian Canon. 
 
 1. Both the Babylonian and Assyrian Canons attest that Esar- 
 haddon came to the throne of Assyria in the year B.C. 680. 
 His father Sennacherib was slain in B.C. 681, and "in the 
 month Sabadu (January) following, 680, he entered Nineveh 
 and was proclaimed king of Assyria, "t 
 
 2. The prophet Isaiah, towards the close of the historical portion 
 of his book, speaks of the death of Sennacherib and accession 
 of Esarhaddon. We may, therefore, reasonably assume that 
 Isaiah lived as late as the year B.C. 678, two years after 
 Esarhaddon came to the tlirone (Isaiah xxxvii, 38). 
 
 3. Isaiah's first vision is dated "in the year that king Uzziah 
 died" (vi, 1): and, according to the common reckoning, this 
 year is set down in the margin of our Bibles as B.C. 760. 
 
 So that, according to the common reckoning, there is an interval of 
 above eighty-two years between Isaiah's first vision and the end of his 
 life. And if we may assume that he began to prophecy at the age of 
 twenty, he would have died when upwards of one hundred years' old. 
 We dismiss, then, the common reckoning of our Bibles as highly 
 improbable with regard to " the year that king Uzziah died." 
 
 Demetrius, on the other hand, places the death of Uzziah king of 
 Judah in B.C. 734, and the death of the contemporary king of Israel, 
 Menahem, in B.C. 737, thus making the age of Isaiah about seventy- 
 six at his death. 
 
 That the date of Demetrius is true, and exact, is certified by the 
 the most accurate test applicable to chronology, viz., by an eclipse 
 registered at Nineveh in the month of June, B.C. 763, and recorded in 
 the Assyrian Canon. For this echpse is there set down as having 
 happened eighteen years before the accession of Tiglath-Pileser, who 
 
 * Chronology of the reign of Sennacherib, 1871, p. 3. Ibid. p. 10. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 373 
 
 came to the throne, therefore, as all Assyrian interpreters agree, in 
 the year B.C. 745-4. 
 
 4. Now Tiglath-Pileser, according to his own annals,'" in the 
 eighth year of his reign (b.c. 738), received tribute of Menahem 
 king of Samaria : and this Menahem we know had given 
 " Pnl," the immediate predecessor of Tiglath-Pileser, " a thou- 
 sand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to 
 confirm the kingdom in his hand " (2 Kings xv, 1 9). There- 
 fore, as Menahem reigned not more than ten years in Samaria, 
 this eighth year of Tiglath-Pileser (738) must have been either 
 the ninth or tenth year of Menahem, that is either 738 or 737. 
 
 5. Again, Menahem died three years before Uzziah (2 Kings 
 XV, 17): " the year when king Uzziah died," therefore, accord- 
 ing to Tiglath-Pileser's annals, was either B.C. 735, or 734, 
 which agrees with Demetrius. 
 
 Thus far nothing can be required to add to the clearness of the 
 agreement between the reckoning of Demetrius and the reckoning of 
 the Assyrian Inscriptions, as regards the beginning and end of the 
 sixty years under consideration. Let us next inquire how far the 
 filling up of the interval between B.C. 734 and 674 in the Book of 
 Kings, according to Demetrius, agrees with the Assyrian Canon. 
 And here, it must be admitted, there is some difficulty. 
 
 In the foregoing table we find that Hezekiah reigned twenty- 
 nine years, from B.C. 702 to 674. This I assume to be con-ect. 
 
 According to the Assyrian Canon, Sennacherib reigned twenty- 
 four years, from B.C. 705 to 681. This is undoubtedly correct. 
 
 Hezekiah and Sennacherib therefore, according to Demetrius, were 
 contemporaries, and the common reckoning of the reign of Hezekiah, 
 from B.C. 726 to 698, must be dismissed. 
 
 Now, there are several cylinders in the British Museum relating 
 to the reign of Sennacherib, some perfect, and some in a fragmentary 
 state. Taylor's Cylinder is perfect, and has been translated by 
 Mr. Fox Talbot. t It is dated " on the 20th day of the month 
 Addaru, in the archonship of Belemurani, prefect of Carchemish," 
 and contains the histoiy of eight of Sennacherib's expeditions. 
 
 * Berlin Zeitschrift, Jan. 1869, p. 13. 
 
 t Journ. R. Asiatic Soc, 1861, Vol. xix, Part 2. 
 
374 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Belemurani was archon eponymous in B.C. 691-90. He also gave his 
 name to the year a second time, as Tartan, in B.C. 686-5. I liad 
 always considered that the date of Taylors Cylinder was March 
 B.C. 685, that year marking the date of the eighth expedition, at the 
 close of the year in which he was Tartan, and that the third expedi- 
 tion of Sennacherib was therefore in B.C. 690. 
 
 Mr. Smith, however, who has the care of the Assyrian department 
 in the British Museum, states distinctly that there are two cyHnders 
 dated in the archonship of Mitunu, B.C. 700, which contain an account 
 of Sennacherib's attack upon Hezekiah in his third expedition, which 
 must therefore be placed not later than B.C. 701 ;* and Taylor's 
 Cylinder must therefore be dated in the time of Belemurani the 
 Prefect. The question is how far do these cyhnders corroborate the 
 reckoning of Demetrius. Let us examine. 
 
 Hezekiah began to reign in the year B.C. 702. And if we date 
 Taylor's Cyhnder in B.C. 690, the third expedition of Sennacherib 
 falls in the year 701. So that Sennacherib would have attacked 
 Hezekia.h in the second year of his reign. 
 
 Now, if we turn to the Second Book of Chronicles, ch. xxix, xxx, 
 xxxi, we read of all that Hezekiah did in his Jirst year, in the first 
 month, the second month, the tliird month, and on to the seventh 
 month of B.C. 702. Ch. xxxii then begins — "After these tilings, and 
 the establishment thereof, Sennacherib king of Assyria came, and 
 entered into Judah, and encamped against the fenced cities, and 
 thought to win them to himself." Hezekiah then "stopped the 
 fountains." He "hiiilt up all the wall that was broken, and raised it 
 up to the toivers, and another ivall without, and repaired Millo in the 
 city of David," and in every way resisted the power of Sennacherib. 
 Now, although no regnal year is named for this invasion, there 
 seems to be good reason, so far as the Book of Chronicles is con- 
 cerned, for placing it in the second year of Hezekiah, B.C. 701, 
 when Sennacherib relates of himself, — " Then Hezekiah, loho had not 
 bowed down to my yoke, forty-six of his large cities " — " I utterly 
 destroyed." " He Vimseii shut himself up in his royal city Jerusalem. 
 He built towers of defence over it, and he strengthened and rebuilt 
 the bulwarks of his great gate!' " Thu-ty talents of gold, eight 
 
 * Chronology of the reign of Sennacherib, p. 6. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 375 
 
 hundred talents of silver, scarlet robes," &c. — "this mighty spoil 
 unto Nineveh my royal city after me I brought away." These two 
 accounts are clearly descriptive of the same events. And they must, 
 therefore, have taken place in the year B.C. 701. The Book of 
 Chronicles then goes on to say, — " Aftey^ this did Sennacherib king 
 of Assyria send his servants to Jerusalem, but he liimself went 
 against Lacish," that is to say, in the 14th year of Hezekiah, 689, 
 when the army of Sennacherib was suddenly destroyed. 
 
 Let us now turn to the Second Book of Kings (xviii, 7), where the 
 
 first act related of Hezekiah is, that " he rebelled against the king of 
 
 Assyria and served him not." This rebellion must be referred to the 
 
 time of the first resistance offered to Sennacherib in 701 ; after which 
 
 a combination jyns probably formed between Hezekiah, Hoshea, and 
 
 So, or Sethos king of Egypt, to resist the power of Assyria, =* lasting 
 
 till the fall of Samaria, in B.C. 696. For we next read (xviii, 9)—" It 
 
 came to pass in the fourth year of king Hezekiah (699-8), which 
 
 was the seventh year of Hoshea son of Elah king of Israel, that 
 
 Shalmanezer king of Assyria came up against Samaria and besieged 
 
 it. And at the end of three years they f took it, even in the sixth 
 
 year of Hezekiah, that is the ninth year of Hoshea king of Israel 
 
 (997-6). And the king of Assyiia did carry away Israel," &c., that 
 
 is to say, in the following year, B.C. 696-5. Now we see by the 
 
 foregoing table that this is the very year of the captivity of Israel 
 
 fixed by Demetrius, four hundred and seventy-three years and nine 
 
 months before the reign of the IV*'' Ptolemy ; and, as I have 
 
 elsewhere shown, it is the year also of their captivity recorded upon 
 
 gravestones in the Crimea by Jews descended from the ten tribes. 
 
 But how, it will be asked, could Shalmanezer have besieged and 
 
 captured Samaria in B.C. 696, as " king of Assyria," if Sennacherib 
 
 had already come to the throne of Assyi'ia some ten years before, that 
 
 is in B.C. 705. This apparent difficulty is in fact a valuable testimony 
 
 to the correctness of Demetrius. For, if we turn to the Book of 
 
 Hoshea, the whole subject of which is the final destruction of the 
 
 kingdom of Ephraim, and the removal of the remnant of the ten 
 
 tribes from Samaria, we read— "When Ephraim saw her sickness" — 
 
 * It was uow that Meuahem, Seuuacherib's uomiuee to the thiuue of Samaria, was 
 displaced. 
 
 t That is the army of Sennacherib and Shalmanezer, 
 
376 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 *'tlien went Epliralm to the Assyrian,^''' and sent to king Jareb (or 
 Irib)," that is to king Sennacherib, "yet he could not heal you" 
 (v, 13). And again — "The peojjle of Samaria shall fear, because of 
 the calves of Beth-aven " — " It (the golden calf) shall be carried 
 unto Assyria, for a present to king Jareb (x, 6)" — "As Shalman 
 (that is Shalmanezer) spoiled Beth-arbel " — " so shall he do to you 
 Bethel." — " In a morning the king of Israel shall be cut off (x, ] 4,15)." 
 Thus it appears from this contemporary history that Sennacherib was 
 king of Assyria at the time when " Shalmanezer king of Assyria " 
 carried off the golden calf of Bethel and transported the ten tribes 
 beyond the Euphrates. And from another contemporary witness it 
 appears that though Shalmanezer's hand did the act, Sennacherib 
 claimed to himself the triumph over Samaria. " Where are the gods 
 of Hamath and Arphad V says Sennacherib. "Where are the gods 
 of Sepharvaim ? Have they delivered Samaria out of my hand " 
 (Isaiah xxxvi, 19)? This testimony of the prophets Hosea and Isaiah 
 seems to be decisive as to the correctness of the reckoning of 
 Demetrius with regard to the fall of Samaria. Josephus is also 
 an independent witness to the same effect. For he wrote with the 
 Tyrian annals of Menander before him: and relates first the resistance 
 offered by Hezekiah to the king of Assyria in the same manner 
 as it is told in the Book of Chronicles, showing that he refers to 
 Sennacherib. He then goes on to speak of the revolt of Hoshea, 
 and of his falling away to So, or Sethos king of Egypt, and how 
 Shalmanezer came and destroyed the government of Israel, and 
 transported the people into Media and Persia after besieging Samaria 
 for three years ; and how also Shalmanezer besieged Ilulseus king of 
 Tyre for five years without success ; and lastly, how in the 14 th of 
 Hezekiah, Sennacherib came against Jerusalem, and his army was 
 suddenly destroyed. It is difficult to believe that Josephus so mis- 
 understood the records of Tyre as thus to have placed the siege of 
 Tyre by Shalmanezer, after, instead of before the death of Sargon, if 
 the earlier date was that recorded. If any further confirmation could 
 be required, we find it in the fact that Shalmanezer and king Hoshea 
 had been for some years contemporary with So, or Sethos king of 
 
 * When Sennacherib, in B.C. 701, passed through Samaria he laid tribute upon Menahem 
 king of Samai-ia, his own nominee to the throne. If Hoshea who slew Pekah, also slew 
 Menahem, this might be the " sickness " of Samaria which remained unhealed. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 377 
 
 Egypt. But we have already seen (p. 347) that Sethos had not 
 come to the throne of Egypt till the year B.C. 715. The idea then 
 that the fall of Samaria, after a three years' siege by Shalmanezer, 
 took place so early as B.C. 721 is absolutely untenable.'" The true 
 reckoning is that of Demetrius, and the reign of Hezekiah is rightly 
 placed as beginning in B.C. 702. 
 
 The fxct of the existence of a plurality of kings in Assyria, thus 
 shown, is remarkably consistent with what we know of the great 
 extension of the empire which had taken place under Tiglath-Pileser. 
 And accordingly we find him boasting (Isaiah x, 8) — "Are not my 
 princes altogether kings.'' "At that time," we read, " did king Ahaz 
 send unto the kings of Assyria to help him" (2 Chron. xxviii, 16). 
 And again, when Sennacherib came against Hezekiah, this king 
 stopped the fountains, saying — " why should the kings of Assyria 
 come and find much water" (xxxii, 4). I would also suggest, with 
 submission to Mr, Smith's great knowledge of the Assyrian tablets, 
 the possibility that Sin-inadina-pal, or Kiniladanus, who was asso- 
 ciated with his father Esarhaddon on the throne before his father's 
 death (p. 324), may have been the brother of Assurbanipal, and not 
 Assurbanipal himself: thus making not less than three kings on the 
 throne of the empire at the same time, in the year B.C. 668. 
 
 Twenty-nine years, of the sixty under consideration, have thus 
 been satisfactorily accounted for by the help of Demetrius, and there 
 remain thirty-one years, from the last year of Uzziah B.C. 734, to 
 the first of Hezekiah, to be examined. This interval of thirty-one 
 full years, or thirty-two current, is divided in the Book of Kings 
 equally between the two kings of Judah, Jotham and Ahaz, to each 
 of whom sixteen years are assigned. Jotham begins to reign in 
 Judah in the course of B.C. 734, Pekah reigns over Israel twenty years 
 from the same date till 715, and Ahaz reigns in Judah from B.C. 718 
 to 703. These dates I conceive to be correct within a single year. 
 
 From the Assyrian Canon, and from a series of dated tablets 
 in the British Museum, admirably set forth by Mr. Smith in the 
 Zeitsclirift of July, 1869, we learn that Sargon reigned from B.C. 722 
 to 705. So that Ahaz and Sargon were contemporary kings, as 
 Hezekiah and Sennacherib we have seen were contemporary. 
 
 * Chr()m)l(\<iv cif the reign of Sennacherib, ji. 11. 
 
 3 C 
 
378 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Now the history of Ahaz is preserved in the Books of Kings, 
 Chronicles, and Isaiah, with much distinctness. It appears that he 
 began to reign w^ien Pekah had been seventeen years on the throne 
 of Samaria, and that in his first year, B.C. 718, Pekah together with 
 llezin king of Damascus endeavoured to get possession of Jerusalem, 
 without success ; that Rezin succeeded in settling a colony of Syrians 
 a,t Elath ; while Pekah carried away not less than 200,000 women, 
 sons, and daughters from Judah : that Ahaz then asked help of the 
 kings of Assyria : that Tiglath-Pileser hing of Assyria came to him, 
 "but strengthened him not" (2 Chron. xxviii, IG, 20): that Isaiah 
 counselled Ahaz to be quiet, took witnesses to prove the time of the 
 birth of one of his children, and then foretold to the king that 
 " Before the child shall have knowledge to cry, my father, and my 
 mother, the riches of Damascus, and the spoil of Samaria, shall be 
 taken away before the king of Assyria," that is to say before the 
 expiration of three years, ending in the years 715 or 714. We 
 then read how Tiglath-Pileser took Damascus, carried the people to 
 Kir, and slew Bezin their king : and how Ahaz went to Damascus 
 to meet Tiglath-Pileser, and sent a pattern of an altar from 
 Damascus to Jerusalem, and remained some little time at the court 
 of Tiglath-Pileser at Damascus, till after the altar had been erected 
 (2 Kings xvi, 9, 12). Here, then, we obtain contemporary witness 
 that Tiglath-Pileser was still on the throne at least as late as B.C. 716, 
 though Shalmanezer and Sargon had both obtained the rank of kings 
 before that time. For Bezin we are told was still alive eighteen 
 years after the death of Uzziah in B.C. 734. It is remarkable also, 
 that though the fall of Damascus is here spoken of, in conformity 
 with the words of the prophet, no mention is made of the fall of 
 Samaria. Tiglath-Pileser slew Bezin and took Damascus, but who 
 spoiled Samaria ? That both cities had now fallen before the king of 
 Assyria we know from Isaiah. For about this time, say in B.C. 715, 
 or 714, it was that Tiglath-Pileser made use of the expression just 
 referred to — "Are not my princes altogether kings? Is not Calno 
 as Carchemish ? Is not Hamath as Arpad ? Is not Samaria as 
 Damascus'?" The inference then seems to be that Tiglath-Pileser, 
 who had now come to within three years of the end of his life, had 
 as usual associated certain princes with him on the throne, and that 
 it had flillen to the lot of one of them to take Samaria. Be this as 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. ;i79 
 
 it may, it is certain, according to the Hebrew account, that the 
 kingdom of Samaria was deprived of its king in the reign of Tiglatli- 
 Pileser, and, according to the interpretation of Demetrius, not earlier 
 than about the year B.C. 715, or 71G. Isaiah then makes mention of 
 Ahciz for the last time (xiv, 28) — " In the year that king Ahaz died 
 was this burden. Rejoice not thou whole Palestina, because the rod 
 of him that smote thee is broken : for out of the serpent's root shall 
 come forth a cockatrice." These words either apply to the death of 
 Tiglath-Pileser in B.C. 712, followed by the invasion of Shalmanezer in 
 698 — events apparently too wide apart — or to the death of Sargon, the 
 conqueror and oppressor of Palestine, who died in August, B.C. 705, 
 shortly before " the year that king Ahaz died," B.C. 703, followed by 
 the invasion of Palestine by Sennacherib in 701. The latter no doubt 
 is the time referred to. And thus again the known date of Sargon's 
 death, 705, according to his annals, marks the time of the death of 
 Ahaz, which must have been soon after 705, as correctly laid down by 
 Demetrius. It now only remains to be shown, how Hamath and 
 Arpad, Samaria and Damascus, were, according to Assyrian records, 
 subdued about the year B.C. 715, as reckoned by Demetrius, and by an 
 Assyrian prince then associated on the throne with Tiglath-Pileser. 
 
 Let us turn to the work entitled "Les Pastes de Sargon," translated 
 by MM. J. Oppert and J. Menant, from inscriptions in Sargon's palace 
 at Khorsabad. " This is what I accomplished," writes Sargon,* " from 
 tlie commencement of my reign up to my fifteenth campaign. I 
 defeated, in the plains of Kalou, Khoumbanigas king of Elam. I 
 besieged and occupied the city of Samaria ; I carried into captivity 
 27,280 of its inhabitants ; I levied upon them 50 chariots, leaving 
 them the rest of their property ; I placed over them my own rulers, 
 and imposed upon them the tribute of the king supreme, or ' Sar 
 Mahri ;' " — the word Mahri being taken here as equivalent to the 
 word ^*"^Q, in Daniel, " Lord," where it represents '' Lord of kings " 
 (Dan. ii, 47). He then goes on to recount his several military exploits 
 in different countries, putting together when possible all that was 
 done during the fifteen campaigns at each particular spot. The 
 account of his attack on Samaria is modestly given. He does not even 
 name the conquered king (Pekah) ; he speaks as if he was then only 
 actim^ on behalf of the supreme king of Assyria. He makes the most 
 
 * Les Fjistes de Saigon, p. 9. 
 
380 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 indeed of his comparatively trifling capture of 27,000 inhabitants from 
 Samaria, though Pekah had lately captured not less than 200,000 of 
 the people of Judah ; and then goes on to other exploits til], 
 apparently about his seventh year, B.C. 715, he comes to the revolt 
 of Hamath, Arpad, Damascus, and Samaria, and the conquest of those 
 confederate provinces in that year. Now the date of this conquest 
 cannot be placed earher than about the year 715; because Sargon 
 previously speaks of a victory gained over Sebech, or Sabbaco, as 
 general of the Egyptians, and of his imposing tribute on Pi-ir-chu, or 
 Bi-ii'-chu (Boccoris),'"' king of Egypt, whose reign we have seen 
 (p. 347) did not begin till 715 at the earliest; and also of tributes 
 laid upon Samsi queen of the Arabs and It-Himyar the Sabean. 
 Again, in the fragmentary annals of Tiglath-Pileser, the chronological 
 range of which is as yet very imperfectly defined, we read of the fall 
 of Pezin, the putting down of Pekah, and first setting up of Hoshea,t 
 and of the tributes placed upon Samsi queen of the Arabs, and on the 
 Sabeans, which exploits, apparently, are the same as those accom- 
 plished by Sargon.]: It is sufficiently clear that the putting down of 
 Hamath, Arpad, Damascus, and Samaria by Sargon was the result of 
 war in the time of Pekah, Rezin, and Ahaz, not of war in the time 
 of Hezekiah and Hoshea, eighteen years after. Also that the date 
 of Pekah s death was about B.C. 715, the date of Demetrius, certainly 
 not 730 as certain modern writers contend. § 
 
 I now quit the subject of the agreement of Demetrius with the 
 Assyrian Annals, which has been established at the following points : — 
 
 Demetrius. Assyrian Annals. 
 
 Death of Uzziah 734 Death of Uzziah 734-5 
 
 Putting down of Samaria ancH Putting down of Hamath^ 
 
 Damascus in the reign of 1 715 Arpad, Damascus, and L ^^ 
 
 Ahaz, 20 years later . . J Samaria, about the 7th C 
 
 ^ , „ . year of Sargon . . ... 
 
 Death of Ahaz after thel J b 
 
 breaking of " the rod 1 703 Death of Sargon 705 
 
 that smote " him 
 
 
 Sennacherib's invasion in thcH Sennacherib's third campaign, 1 
 2nd year of Hezekiah . . J and invasion of Palestine J 
 
 Death of Hezekiah after the"] 
 
 accession of Esarhaddon J ^^'^ Accession of Esarhaddon .. G80 
 
 * This identification was first observed by Sir H. Eawlinson. t 2 Kings xv, 30. 
 
 1 Zeitschrift, January, 18C9. § Chronology of the reign of Sennacherib, p. 11. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 381 
 
 and I once more repeat that the correctness of his dates is placed 
 beyond all question by their agreement with the dates of the three 
 solar ecUpses B.C. 763, G89, and 585, all which combine to lower the 
 common reckoning exactly twenty-five years : and I now come to the 
 consideration of another very interesting result to be derived from 
 the history of Assurbanipal. 
 
 Rectification of the Assyrian Canon. 
 
 We read in the foregoing history (p. 200), that soon after 
 
 Assurbanipal had established Ummanigas and Tammaritu on the 
 
 throne in Elam, that is towards the early part of the year B.C. 052, 
 
 and before the revolt of Saulmugina in 652-1, the king had despatched 
 
 a herald to the court of the king of Elam to demand restitution of the 
 
 image of the goddess Nana, which the Elamites had carried away to 
 
 Shushan just 1635 years before that date (p. 234). In another 
 
 passage Kudurnanhundi king of Elam is recorded as the king who 
 
 had carried off the image, and it is there said to have remained in 
 
 Elam durmg — 
 
 2 Ners = 1200 years. 
 
 7 Sosses = 420 „ 
 
 15 years = 15 „ 
 
 1635 years. 
 
 that is from the year B.C. 2287 to 652 (p. 251). Now we should 
 place no great faith in the exactness of any such precise report of 
 time after so great a lapse of years, did we not know from this and 
 other sources that the Chaldeans and Assyrians had an exact method 
 of reckoning time in cycles of Sari, Neri, and Sossi. 
 
 Abydenus writes — " A Sarus is three thousand six hundred years, 
 a Nerus is six hundred, and a Sossus sixty." And Sir H. Eawlinson 
 has deciphered a tablet in the Assyrian character, from which ho 
 gives " a specimen of the ordinary Babylonian sexagesimal notation," 
 to which he has appended a " portion of a table of squares which 
 extend in due order from 1 to 60."'" Now if we might assume that 
 the 15 years above spoken of beyond the even cycles, were to be 
 reckoned after the end, and not before the beginning of the two Ners 
 and seven Sosses, we should of course be enabled to fix the dates of 
 
 * Early History of Babylonia, p. 4. 
 
382 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 a series of not less than twenty-seven Babylonian cycles of 60 years 
 each, in the same way that the whole series of Sabbatical years and 
 Jubilees of Hebrew Scripture have been accurately determined from 
 two or three known dates, to the gi'eat assistance of chronologists in 
 laying down the outline of Scripture history. That the correct 
 position of these 1.5 years is at the end of the period, and not the 
 beginning, is certain from the fact, that by so reckoning we arrive at 
 a year in the Assyrian Canon which is registered as the termination 
 of a cycle. For if we add fifteen years to B.C. 652, we find that 
 B.C. 667 should be the first year of a cycle, and adding again two 
 Sosses or 120 years to that figure, we find that B.C. 787 was actually 
 the first year of a cycle. For the previous year 788 is registered in 
 the Canon as the last year of a cycle. Dr. Haigh'"' I believe was the 
 first to mark the bearing of these cycles upon the Assyrian Canon. 
 Though apparently unacquainted mth the passage in Assurbanipal's 
 Annals concerning the image of Nana, he wrote in July 1870 — 
 " Karru, in the year B.C. 788 (translated Jubile by Dr. Oppert), 
 marks the last year of a cycle, a line below B.C. 728, marks another ; 
 and one below B.C. 668 probably another." 
 
 In the Assyrian Canon, as interpreted by Sir Henry Eawlinson, 
 Shalmanezer II, whose annals are recorded on the black obehsk in the 
 British Museum, in his thirty-first year appears to have " inaugurated 
 a second cycle ".'f and Su- Henry observes that the verb used in this 
 passage is akrur, from "ir^J, " to move in a circle " (Gesenius). Between 
 this thirty-first year however, B.C. 828, as commonly arranged, and 
 B.C. 788, there are but forty years, instead of sixty. Dr. Haigh there- 
 fore, after laying down a calendar of cycles with intercalated months, 
 from B.C. 787 to 688, in conformity with known " astronomical obser- 
 vations from Assyrian documents," goes on to suggest, that the reign 
 of Assur-dan-pal, son of Shalmanezer, who revolted from his father, 
 and secured to himself the allegiance of twenty-seven of the principal 
 cities of Assyria for a period, as he assumes, of nineteen or twenty 
 years, during which the appointment of eponomous archons over the 
 great cities was probably suspended, should be interpolated in the 
 Canon, by which the thu-ty-first year of Shalmanezer, B.C. 828, will 
 become B.C. 847, and be the first year of a " second cycle " of sixty 
 
 * Zeitsclnift July aud August, 1870. t Athenjeum, 7th Sept., 1867. 
 
CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 383 
 
 years in that king's reign : and he closes his observations by saying — 
 " This cii'cumstance, combined with others noted above, seems to me to 
 establish a certainty that Assur-dan-pal reigned for twenty or nineteen 
 years, from B.C. 844, or 843, to 824." I have no do^bt that Dr. Haigh 
 is correct in this suggestion, and I have, accordingly, in the foregoing 
 comparison of the reckoning of Demetrius with the Assyrian Canon, 
 inserted in the Canon, a reign of nineteen years beginning in B.C. 842, 
 between the reiofns of Shalmanezer and Samsi-vul. 
 
 Here airain the value of the Canon of Demetrius — for his record of 
 dates is worthy of the title — is seen, as a true interpreter of Assyrian 
 chronology. For according to Demetrius the year B.C. 860 was the 
 year of the accession of Jehu king of Israel, of Hazael king of Syria, 
 and of the death of Jezebel the widow of king Ahab. And in the 
 eighteenth year of the reign of Shalmanezer, B.C. 860, thus corrected, 
 w^e read — " I crossed the Euphrates for the sixteenth time. Hazael of 
 Damascus relying on the multitude of his soldiers collected his 
 soldiers in great numbers — I fought with him and defeated him."'* 
 And Mr. Smith has written — " While examining part of the Assyrian 
 collection in the British Museum, I lately discovered a short inscrip- 
 tion of Shalmanezer II, king of Assyria, in which it is stated that 
 Jehu king of Israel sent him tribute in the eighteenth year of his 
 reign." Again in the sixth year of Shalmanezer, corrected to B.C. 872, 
 " the Assyrians defeat the confederate forces of southern Syria, Eg3rpt, 
 Arabia, and Palestine, at Aroer. Ahab of Jezreel was associated 
 with Benhadad in this fight, "t Now 872 is according to Demetrius 
 the 23rd year of Ahab, in which he died, and in which Ahaziah came 
 to the throne. So that the last year of Ahab, and first year of 
 Jehu mark the sixth and eighteenth years of Shalmanezer. Neither 
 of these years will bear to be moved without dislocation between 
 Demetrius and the Canon. The striking fact is, not that nineteen 
 years arbitrarily inserted into the Assyi'ian Canon bring it into 
 harmony with Demetrius, but that nineteen years, neither more nor 
 less, are required to complete the cycles referred to in that Canon : 
 and that when so inserted, the reckoning of the two Canons is in 
 harmony to a single year. 
 
 * "The NinirM Obelisk," hy Dr. Hiiicks. Dubliu Magazine, Oct. 1853. 
 t Sir H. Rawliiison ; Atheuteuiii, 18th May, 1867. 
 
384 CHRONOLOGICAL REMARKS. 
 
 Assyrian interpreters are still miicli at variance with regard to the 
 date of the eighteenth year of Shalmanezer. Sir Henry Kawlinson 
 places the date in the year B.C. 841. Dr. Oppert places it in B.C. 888, 
 not less than forty-seven years earlier. Dr. Hincks favoured the 
 views of Dr, Oppert. Mr. Smith coincides with Sir H. Rawlinson. 
 The true date, as I have endeavoured to show, B.C. 860, lies between 
 the two. Let us test the probability of each of these three dates by 
 the probable time of the death of Jezebel, who was slain by Jehu in 
 the year of his accession. Jezebel we know was the daughter of 
 Ithobal king of Tyre, and priest of Astarte, who lived to the age of 
 sixty-eight, according to Menander's Annals of Tyre, and died just 
 forty -two years before the sister of Pygmalion fled from Tyre and 
 built the city of Carthage. Now Polybius, who was living at the time 
 of the fall of Carthage, in B.C. 146, as quoted by Appian, informs us 
 that Carthage had flourished seven hundred years from the time of its 
 foundation to the time when the city was destroyed. The epitomizer 
 of Levy records the same number of years. Suidas writes — Scipio 
 took the city after it had ruled over the surrounding nations seven 
 hundred years. Orosius writes — " Diruta est Carthago septingen- 
 tesimo post anno quam condita erat." The colony of Carthage was 
 founded therefore in the year B.C. 846 : and Ithobal was born one 
 hundred and ten years before the foundation, that is ui B.C. 956. 
 Now assuming that Jezebel his daughter was born about the 
 twentieth, or twenty-flfth year of her father's age, that is in the 
 year B.C. 936 or 931, her age at death would have been — 
 
 AGE OF JEZEBEL. 
 
 According to Oppert, from 38 to 43 in the year B.C. 888 
 „ Demetrius ,, 66 to 71 „ „ 860 
 
 „ Rawlinson „ 85 to 90 „ „ 841 
 
 Clearly the intermediate date is the nearest to the truth. And thus 
 by means of an entirely independent course of inquiry, our already 
 well-founded faith in the accuracy of Demetrius is again confirmed : 
 and the necessity of the proposed modification of the Assyrian Canon 
 strongly supported. 
 
 IIAKKISON AND SONS, PRINtKUS IN OUDINARY TO UEK MAJESTY, ST. MARTIX'S lAXE. 
 
Princeton Theological Seminary Libraries 
 
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