1. An Oriental Shepherd Leading his Flock. 2. The Sea of Galilee and Mount of Beatituoes Looking Southward from Tii 3. One of the Supposed Sites of Calvary, North of the Damascus Gate. THE GOSPEL HISTORY OF OUR LORD MADE VISIBLE HISTORICAL CHARTS OF THE LIFE AND Ministry of Christ WITH AN OUTLINE HARMONY OF THE GOSPELS BY GEORGE E. CROSGUP, B.A. Author of "A Synchronic Chart of United States History." Etc. WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY PROFESSOR MATTHEW B. RIDDLE, D.D., LL.D. THE FOUR GOSPELS. ■ ST. MATTHEW'S is the Gospel for the Jews, the Gospel of the past, the Gospel which sees in Christianity a fulfilment of Judaism, the Gospel of discourses, the didactic Gospel, the Gospel which represents Christ as the Messiah of the Jew^. ' ST. MARK'S is the Gospel for the Romans, the Gospel of the present, the Gospel of incident, the anecdotal Gospel, the Gospel 'which represents Christ as the Son of God and Lord of the World. ST. LUKE'S is the Gospel for the Greeks, the Gospel of the future, the Gospel of progressive Christianity, of the universality and gratuitousness of the Gospel, the historic Gospel, the Gospel of Jesus as the Good Physician and the Saviour of mankind. ST. JOHN'S is pre-eminently the Gospel for the Church, the Gospel of eternity, the spiritual Gospel, the Gospel of Christ as the Eternal Son. and the Incarnate Word." —From Canon Farrar's "Messages of the Books." philadelphia: The Sunday School Times Company M C M X I I Copyright, 1912, by The Sunday School Times Company Entered at Stationers' Hall, London, 1912 INTRODUCTION The distinctive peculiarity of the following presentation of the life of our Lord on earth is its combination of Harmony and Charts. The two are inter- dependent, not simply conjoined. This combination constitutes what Mr. Croscup entitles the "Visible Method" of teaching history, applied to the narratives in the four Gospels. As he has had considerable experience in the preparation of similar volumes, and has met with marked success in introducing them into educational institu- tions, the present work gives evidence of his skill, industry and accuracy. The chronology and sequence of events are those adopted by many har- monists and commentators. The detailed statement of the historical facts is much fuller than is usual in Outline Harmonies. Each event is dated and numbered, the numbers (from 1-189) being used in the accompanying diagrams. Lists of the parables and miracles are appended, together with other collateral information. A valuable Dictionary of Names closes the letter-press of the volume. The Charts are colored, the color having its important significance. A general view of the history properly begins this series of helps; but this is greatly enlarged in another Chart. The diagram illustrating the events of Passion Week accompanies the general view. An excellent map of Palestine is naturally inserted. But the various portions of Palestine are presented in smaller maps, which indicate the series of events belonging to each respectively. The precincts of the temple are portrayed with instructive coloring, and many other ingenious devices are used to aid the memory. This brief summary of the contents of the volume does not, however, give any adequate idea of the vast amount of information it presents, nor does it indicate the immense labor required in preparing it. The Sunday-school teacher can use.it most profitably, provided care and skill are used in mastering Mr. Croscup's method and obtaining dexterity in the handling of the abundant matter. He will, doubtless, in his text, make valuable suggestions in regard to the best use to be made of his work. M. B. RIDDLE. Western Theological Seminary, Pittsburgh, Pa. " For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given ; and the government shall be upon his shoulder : and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace." (Is. q : 6.) " And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us (and we beheld his glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father), full of grace and truth." {John i : 14.) FOREWORD The Charts accompanying this brief volume are an attempt to make visible and therefore more real the earthly life and ministry of Our Lord. While the time and place of many of the recorded events are still undetermined, yet the general order is sufficiently probable to warrant a chronological arrangement. The known facts would certainly justify and give value to such an arrangement, even where much must remain in dispute. The importance of localizing historical facts is well-known to every suc- cessful teacher, for unlocalized knowledge must always remain nebulous. Again "if the elements of time and place are stricken from the Gospels, the Lord's Life ceases to be a truly human and intelligible one. He becomes only a wan- dering voice. The more fully we know the outward circumstances of His Life and His relationships to those around Him, the more do His words gain in significance and attest His discernment and wisdom."* When the apparently detached events in the Life of Our Lord are woven into one composite whole as in a chart, their closer relationships become more apparent and their deep significance is made more clear. Chronology. — Authorities differ as to the length of the ministry of Christ; the various theories ranging in the main from two to three and a half years and depending upon the Number of Passovers believed to be included in the Ministry. Three Passovers are distinctly mentioned in the Gospel of John (2: 13; 6:4; 12 : 1 and an undetermined feast, 5:1). If this last feast is a Passover the Ministry will comprise about three and a half years. But the question of Chronology cannot be considered within the present limits; and the reader, desiring to make a more intimate study, should consult any of the more impor- tant Lives of Christ (see Bibliography) or the related articles in the standard Bible Dictionaries. The present Charts are based upon the longer period, and closely follow Professor M. B. Riddle's Outline Harmony of the Gospels, as seemingly the most consistent. They also conform to the well-known Harmony of the Gospels by Stevens and Burton, and with slight variations the Harmony of Professor Robin- son (as revised), and the Outlines by Dr. Andrews. The Charts. — It is believed that these will be readily comprehended. Acknowledgment must be made here to Rev. Horace R. Goodchild, of Middle- town, N. J., whose skill as a draughtsman has contributed to the finished product. An effort was made, perhaps with indifferent success, to exclude from the Charts confusing details. If to some they should seem deficient in details, it is to be remembered that a diagram cannot represent more than the framework of the edifice to be reared, and that the real value can come only to him who completes the structure for himself. To THE Teacher. — A few suggestive questions are given on page 40, which will indicate the character of the information to be gained from the Charts, These questions will at the same time give some hints as to the use of the Charts, both in the study as well as in the class-room. G. E. C. New York, December, 191 1. ♦The Life of Our Lord, by S. J. Andrews, p. vii. HINTS AS TO USEFUL BOOKS All of the following books have recognized good qualities. This list will suffice, perhaps, by way of suggestion. In the end, each student must have the pleasure of making his own choice — through aid of local book-stores, libraries and the like — of the books specially suited to the state of study of himself or his class. Brief descriptions of books, often misleading instead of informing, are not included here. The only attempt is to help the student by putting him on the track of other books. I. THE LIFE OF CHRIST. "Lives" of Christ are well-nigh innumerable. Not to go back too far for practical purposes, there are certain standards of a generation or two ago, copies of which may be found in all libraries and many homes, which are as useful or as popular as ever, such as the works of Beecher, Eders- heim, Fairbairn, Geikie, Hanna, Stalker, and Andrews — the last being an exact and concise treatment of chronological and geographical questions, upon the accuracy of which this Chrono- logical Outline of the Life of Christ has been largely formulated. These, with others, are noted below. Andrews, Samuel J. The Life of our Lord Upon the Earth. Scribners, 1892. $2.50. Anthony, Alfred W. An Introduction to the Life of Jesus. Silver, Burdett, 1900. 5 1. 00. Barton, William E. Jesus of Nazareth; His Life and the Scenes of His Mijiistry. Pilgrim Press, 1903. $2.50. Beardslee, C. S. The Life Story of Jesus. The Sunday School Times. 10 cents. BossuET, W. Jesus. (Crown Theological Library.) Putnam, 1906. $1.25. Burton, E. D., and Mathews, S. Construct- ive Studies in the Life of Christ University of Chicago Press, 1901. $1.00. Dawson, W. J. The Life of Christ. Jacobs, 1901. $1.50. Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Longmans. Two vols. $1.50. Farrar, Frederick W. The Life of Christ. Crowell. 60 cents to $2.50. Geikie, Cunningham. The Life and Words of Christ. Appleton. $1.00. Gilbert, G. Holley. The Student's Life of Jesus. Doran. 50 cents. HoRTON, Robert F. The Hero of Heroes. Rcvell. $1.25. Rhees, Rush. The Life of Jesus of Nazareth. Scribners, 1900. $1.25. Sandav, W. Outlines of the Life of Christ. Scribners, 1906. $1.25. Sanders, Frank K. The Teacher's Life of Christ. Bible Study Pub. Co. $1.00. Smith, David. The Days of His Flesh. Doran, 1905. $2.00. Stalker, J.\mes. Life of Christ. Revell. 60 cents. Vallings, J. Jesus Christ the Divine Man. Revell. 75 cents. II. COMMENTARIES. Matthew: Allen, Willoughby C. St. Matthew. International Critical Commentary.) ners, 1907. $3.00- (The Scrib- Anderson, Edward P. Matthew. (Bible Class Hand Books.) Scribners, 191 1. 75 cents. Broadus, John A. The Gospel of Matthew. (Amer. Commentary on the N. T.) Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc, 1887. $2.25. Carr, a. St. Matthew. (Cambridge Bible.) Putnam, 1879. 75 cents. Gibson, J. Monro. St. Matthew. (Expositor's Bible.) Doran, 1890. $1.50. HoRTON, Robert F. A Devotional Commen- tary on the Gospel of St. Matthew. Revell. Si. 00. Maclaren, Alexander. Matthew. (Exposi- tions of Holy Scripture.) Doran, 1905. Three vols. $1.25 a volume. MouLTON, Richard G. Mastering the Gospel of St. Matthew. The Sunday School Times Co. 4 cents; 25 cents per dozen. Plummer, Alfred. St. Matthew. Scribners, 1909. $3.00. Rice, Edwin W. Matthew. Sunday School Union, 1910. $1.25 Robertson, A. T. Matthew. Macmillan. 60 cents. Schaeffer, C. F. Matthew. (Lutheran Com- mentary.) Scribners, 1905. $2.00. Schaff, Philip. Matthew. (International Re- vision Commentary.) Scribners, 1879. $1.25. Slater, W. F. St. Matthew. (The New Cen- tury Bible.) Oxford Univ. Press. 90 cents. Smith, David. St. Mattheiv. (Westminster New Testament.) Revell. 75 cents. Mark: Bennett, W. H. The Life of Christ According to St. Mark. Doran, 1907. $1.75- Chadwick, G. a. St. Mark. (Expositor's Bible.) Doran. $1.50. Clarke, William Newton. Mark. (Amer. Commentary on the New Testament.) Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc. $2.75 (including Luke). Gould, E. P. St. Mark. (International Critical Commentary.) Scribners, 1896. $2.50. HINTS AS TO USEFUL BOOKS C.REEN, S. W. St. Mark. (The Westminster New Testament.) Revcll. 75 cents. Haas, J. A. VV. Mark. (Lutheran Com- mentary.) Scribncrs. $2.00. HoRTON, RoRERT F". The Cartoons of St. Mark. Revell, 1894. 51.50. Maclaren, Alexander. Mark. (Expositions of Holy Scripture.) Doran, 1907. Two vols. $1.25 a volume. Maclear, G. F. St. Mark. (The Cambridge Bible.) Putnam. 75 cents. Menzies, Allan. The Earliest Gospel. Mac- millan, 1901. S2.75. Riddle, Matthew B. Mark. (International Revision Commentary.) Scribncrs. $1.00. Salmond, Stewart D. F. Mark. (The New Century Bible.) Oxford Univ. Press. 90 cents. Swete, Henry B. St. Mark. Macmillan, 1902. $3.75. Walpole, a. S. St. Mark. Oxford Univ. Press, 1908. $1.00. (The New Press. 90 Luke: Adenev, Walter F. St. Luke. Century Bible.) Oxford Univ cents. Bliss, George R. Luke. (Amer. Commentary on the N. T.) Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc. $2. 75 (including Mark). Burton, Henry. St. Luke. (Expositor's Bible.) Doran. $1.50. Farrar, Frederick W. St. Luke. (The Cambridge Bible.) Putnam. $1.00. Garvie, Alfred E. St. Luke. (The West- minster New Testament.) Revell. 75 cents. Godet, F. St. Luke. Scribncrs. Two vols. 54.50. Maclaren, Alexander. Luke. (Exposi- tions of Holy Scripture.) Doran, 1909. Two vols. $1.25 a volume. Plummer, Alfred. 67. Luke. (Internationa Critical Commentary.) Scribncrs. $3.00. Ramsay, Sir William M. Luke the Physician Doran. $3.00. Riddle, Matthew B. Luke. (Internationa Revision Commentary'.) Scribncrs. $1.25. Spexce, H. D. M. St. Luke. (Pulpit Com mentary.) Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1889 Two vols. $1.00. John: Bernard, John Henry. St. John. (Inter- national Critical Commentary.) Scribncrs. (In preparation.) Clark, Henry W. St. John. (The West- minster New Testament.) Revell. 75 cents. Dods, Marcus. St. John. (Expositor's Bible.) Doran. Two vols. $1.50 each. Hovey, Alvah. John. (Amer. Commentary on the New Testament.) Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc, 1886. $2.25. McClymont, J. A. St. John. (The New Century Bible.) Oxford Univ. Press. 90 cents. MiLLiGAN, William, and Moulton, W. F. St. John. (International Revision Com- mentary.) Scribncrs, 1898. $1.25. Plummer, Alfred. 67. John. (The Cam- bridge Bible.) Putnam, 1881. Si.oo. Westcott, B. F. St. John. (The Bible Commentary.) Scribncrs, 1908. $3.00 (including The Acts). General: Bacon, B. W. Beginnings of the Gospel Story. Yale Univ. Press, 1909. $2.25. Montefiore, C. G. The Synoptic Gospels. Macmillan, 1909. Two vols. $5.00. Vincent, Marvin R. Word Studies in the New Testament. Vol. I, on the Synoptic Gospels. Scribncrs. $4.00. III. HARMONIES OF THE GOSPELS. Broadus, John A. A Harmony of the Gospels. Doran, 1893. $1.25. Butler, J. G. The Fourfold Gospel. Funk & Wagnalls Co., 1890. 75 cents. Clark, G. W. Harmony of the Gospels. Amer. Baptist Pub. Soc. Ncvv Ed., 1892. $1.25. Genung, George F. The Fourfold Story. Congregational Pub. House. 75 cents. Pierson, Arthur T. The One Gospel. Baker & Tavlor Co., 1889. 75 cents. Pope, C. H. The Gospeh Combined. Wilde & Co. 75 cents. Riddle, Matthew B. Outline Harmony of the Gospels. The Sunday School Times Co. 25 cents. Robinson, E. Harmony of the Gospels. (Revised by M. B. Riddle.) Houghton, Mifflin Co. $2.00. Stevens, W. A., and Burton, E. D. A Harmony of the Gospels for Historical Study. Scribncrs. New Ed., 1904. $1.50. WiESLER, Karl. Chronological Sytiopsis of the Four Gospels. Macmillan. $1.50. IV. HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE. Bliss, F. J. The Development of Palestine Exploration. Scribncrs, 1906. Si. 50. Curtis, W. E. To-day in Syria and Palestine. Revell, 1903. $2. 00. Fairweather, William. The Background of the Gospels. Scribncrs. S3. 00. Grant, Elihu. The Peasantry of Palestine. Pilgrim Press, 1908. Si. 50. Macphie, J. P. The Homeland of the Bible. Revell, 1903. $1.25. Masterman, E. W. G. Studies in Galilee. Univ. of Chicago Press, 1909. $1.00. M.\thews, Shailer. History of the New Testament Times in Palestine. (New Testa- ment Hand Books.) Macmillan. $1.00. Mountford, Mme. L. M. VonF. Jesus Christ in His Homeland. Jennings & Graham, 191 1. Si. 00. RiGGs, James S. The History of the Jewish People: Maccabean and Roman Period. (Historical Series for Bible Students.) Scribncrs. Si.25. Sanday, W., and Waterhouse, p. Sacred Sites of the Gospels. Oxford Univ. Press, 1903. $4.00. Schurer, Emil. a History of the Jeivish People in the Time of Christ. Scribncrs. Five vols. S8.00. Thompson, William M. The Land and the Book. Harpers. Three vols. Revised. $2.50 a volume. Trumbull, H. Clay. Studies in Oriental Social Life. The Sunday School Times Co. $1.50. Van Dyke, Henry. Out of Doors in Pales- tine. Scribncrs, 1908. $1.50. Wilson, C. F. Peasant Life in the Holy Land. Dutton, 1906. $3.50. HINTS AS TO USEFUL BOOKS V. PERSON AND TEACHINGS OF JESUS. BoARDMAN, George Dana. The Divine Man. Appleton. Si. 50. Bruce, Alexander B. The Parabolic Teach- ing of Christ. Doran. $2.00. The Miraculous Element in the Gospels. Doran. $2.00. The Training of the Twelve. Doran. $2.00. DoDS, Marcus. The Parables of our Lord. Doran, 1883-85. Two vols. $1.00 each. DuRELL, J. C. V. The Self- Revelation of Our Lord. Scribners, 1910. $2.00. Forsyth, P. T. The Person and Place of Christ. . Pilgrim Press, 1910. $1.50. Garvie, Alfred E. Studies in the Inner Life of Jesus. Doran, 1907, $1.75. GoEBEL, S. The Parables of ^ Jesus. Eng. Trans. T. & T. Clark, 1884. 6s. Hale, Harris G. Who Then is This ? Pil- grim Press, 1905. Harnack, a. The Sayings of Jesus. (Crown Theological Library.) Putnam, 1908. Hubbard, G. H. The Teaching of Jesus in Parables. The Pilgrim Press. $1.25. Jefferson, Charles E. The Character of Jesus. Crowell, 1908. $1.65. Kirtley, J. S. The Young Christian and His Lord. Amer. Bapt. Pub. Soc, 1906. 60 cents. Laidlaw, John. The Miracles of Our Lord. Funk & Wagnalls. $1.75. Lamb, F. J. Miracle and Science. Biblio- theca Sacra Co., 1909. $1.50. Lang, Cosmo G. The Miracles of Jesus. Dutton, 1910. $1.50. Lyttelton, a. T. The Place of Miracles in Religion. Murray, 1899. 55. Macfarland, John T. Etchings of the Master. Eaton & Mains, 1910. $1.25. Matheson, George. Studies of the Portrait of Christ. Doran, 1900. Two vols. $1.35 each. Morgan, G. Campbell. The Parables of the Kingdom. Revell, 1907. $1.00. Morgan, G. Campbell. The Crises of the Christ. Revell, 1903. $1.50. Pratt, S. W. The Deity of Jesus Christ. The Sunday School Times Co. 50 cents. Reynolds, J. W. The Mvsterv of Miracles. S. P. C. K, 1881. 45. Robertson, A. T. Epochs in the Life of Jesus. .Scribners. $1.00. Selbie, W. B. Life and Teaching of Jesus. (Century Bible Handbook.) Doran, 1908. 40 cents. Slattery, Charles L. The Master of the World; A Study of Christ. Longmans, 1908. $1.50. Snowden, James H. Scenes and Sayings in the Life of Christ. Revell, 1903. $1.50. Taylor, William M. The Miracles of Our Saviour. Doran. $1.00. The Parables of Our Saviour. Doran. $1.00. Trench, Richard C. Notes on the Miracles of Our Lord. Revell, 1874. $1.25. Parables of Our Lord. Revell. $1.25. Whyte, Alexander. The Walk, Conversa- tion and Character of Jesus Christ. Revell, 1905. $1.50. VI. CHRIST IN ART. Bayliss, W. Rex Regum: A Painter's Study of the Likeness of Christ from the Time of the Apostles. S. P. C. K., 1898. 75. 6d. Burns, James. The Christ Face in Art. Dutton, 1908. $2.00. Farrar, F. W. Life of Christ as Represented in Art. Macmillan, 1900. $3.50. HURLL, Estelle M. Life of Our Lord in Art. Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1898. $3.00. Jameson, Mrs. History of Our I^ord as Exemplified in Works of Art. Longmans. Two vols. $8.00. Johnson, F. Have We the Likeness of Christ? Univ. of Chicago Press, 1903. 50 cents. Tissot, J. The Life of our Lord Jesus Christ. Pres. Board. Four vols. $10.50. Van Dyke, Henry. The Christ-Child in Art. Harpers. $4.00. A CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OK THE LIFE OF CHRIST The Periods into which the Life of our Lord is here divided correspond to those shown upon the accompanying colored charts. I. PRE-MINISTERIAL PERIOD. From Sept. or Oct., B.C. 6, to Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27. — About 31 ys. 3 mos. L INTRODUCTORY.— From .Sept. or Oct., B.C. 6, to Birth of Jesus, Dec. 25, B.C. 5.— About I yr. 3 mos. LEADiNoFEATVRUi,.— Announcement of ilie Coming Messiah. — Birth of John the Baptist, and Birth of Jesus six months later. IL CHILDHOOD.— From Birth of Jesus, Dec. 25, B.C. 5, to the Passover, iMch. 29, A.D. 9. — About 12 years. Le.\ding Features. — The Messiah manifenled to Jeivs and Gentiles. — Retirement at Nazareth. III. YOUTH AND EARLY MANHOOD.— From Passover, Mch. 29, A.D. 9, to Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27. — About 18 years. Leading F"eatures. — Jesia in retirement at Nazareth. — No record. — John the Baptist begins his ministry. II. MINISTERIAL PERIOD. From Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27, to The Ascension, May 18, A.D. 30. — 3 ys. 5 mos. I. TIME OF PREPARATION.— From Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27, to First Passover, Apr. 11-18, A.D. 27. — About 3 mos. Leading Features. — Baptism and Temptation. — First Disciples and First Miracle. II. EARLY JUDEAN MINISTRY.— From First Passover, Apr. 11-18, A.D. 27, to Departure for Galilee, Dec, A.D. 27. — About 8 mos. Leading Features. — The Call to Repentance and Announcement of the Kingdom. — Grow- ing Popularity in Judea. III. GREAT GALILEAN MINISTRY.— From Departure for Galilee, Dec, A.D. 27, to Final Departure from Galilee, Nov., A.D. 29. — i yr. 11 mos. 1. Time of External Development. — From Departure for Galilee, Dec, A.D. 27, to Choosing of the Twelve, May, A.D. 28. — About 5 mos. Leading P'eatures. — First Preaching Tour in Galilee. — Call of the Four Fishermen and Matthew. — -Attends Passover. — -Growing Popularity in Galilee. 2. Time of Internal Development. — From Choosing of the Twelve, May, A.D. 28, to Withdrawal into Northern Galilee, May, A.D. 29. — Nearly i year Leading Features. — Jesus chooses Ttvelve Apostles, to whom He gradually discloses the principles of the Kingdom. — Hostility of Jewish religious leaders begins and increases. Jesus frequently retires with the Twelve into less hostile regions. 3. Time OF Retirement.-— From Withdrawal into Northern Galilee, May, A.D. 29, to Final Departure from Galilee, Nov., A.D. 29. — About 6 mos. Leading Features. — Jesus and the Twelve most of time in retirement beyond Jordan. — Intimate training of the Twelve into the real meaning of His Messiahship, i.e., its Redemptive Power. IV. PEREAN MINISTRY.— From Final Departure from Galilee, Nov., A.D. 29, to Entry into Jerusalem, Sunday, Apr. 2, A.D. 30. — .About 5 mos. Leading Features. — Christ makes full disclosure of Himself to the Twelve now prepared for it. Enters Jerusalem publicly proclaiming His Messiahship and Jewish hostility culminates. V. THE PASSION WEEK.— From Entry into Jerusalem, Sunday, Apr. 2, A.D. 30, to Resurrection Sunday, Apr. 9, A.D. 30. — 8 days. VI. THE RESURRECTION PERIOD.— From Resurrection, Apr. 9, A.D. 30, to The A.scen- sion, Thursday, May 18, A.D. 30. — 40 days. 9 10 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF I. PRE-MINISTERIAL PERIOD. From Sept. or Oct., B.C. 6, to Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27. — About 31 ys. 3 mos. (See Colored Diagram ONE.) This Pre-ministerial Period naturally falls into three divisions as shown on this and the following page. I. INTRODUCTORY. From Sept. or Oct., B.C. 6, to Birth of Jesus, Dec. 25, B.C. 5. — About i yr. 3 mos. Leading Features. — Announcement of the Coming Messiah. — Birth of John the Baptist, and Birth of Jesus six months later. Chart No. Date B.C. 6 Sept. or Oct. Event and Place John's Introduction, follows: — which divides 1. The Word in His own Nature (vs. 1-5). 2. His Revelation to men and rejection by them (vs. 6-13). 3. His Revelation of the Father (vs. 14- 18). — Plummer. — Mark's Introduction, "The begin- ning of the Gospel " — Luke's Introduction, addressed to Theophilus The Two Genealogies . Matthew shows Jesus to be the heir of David as the legal Son of Joseph; Luke fhows Him to be of David's seed according to the flesh by His birth of Mary. — See Andrews, p. 65. Incidents Preceding the Birth of Christ. — Annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist to Zacharias by the Angel Gabriel. Zacharias stricken dumb on account of his unbelief. Jerusalem B.C. 5 — Annunciation of the birth of Jesu Mar. 25 to Mar>', six months later, by the Angel Gabriel. Nazareth " 7 I April June 24 9t July 10 Dec. 25 Over 500 years before Gabriel had fore told to Daniel the time of the Messiah (Daniel 8 : 16; 9 : 21-23). — Mary visits Elizabeth (the wife of Zacharias) at Hebron, or Juttah, and remains with her three months, return ing to Nazareth, probably before the birth of John. The "Magnificat of Mary — Birth of John the Baptist, and the "Benedictus" of Zacharias, who now recovers his speech . . . — An Angel appears Nazareth to Joseph at — Birth of Jesus, at Bethlehem, whither Joseph and Mary had gone to be enrolled Matt. I :i-i7 I : 18-24 I :25 Mark Luke I :i-4 3 : 23-28 I : 5-25 I : 26-38 John I :i-i8 : 39-56 I : 57-79 2:1-7 * Beginning with 5, these numbers correspond to those attached to the events upon the Colored Charts. N03. S to 21 will be found upon Diagram ONE, Nos. 22 to 131 upon the large Colored Chart at end of Volume, and Nos. 131 to 189 upon Diagram TWO. tSome place this event before No. 7; others place it before No. 8. THE LIFE OF CHRIST 11 II. CHILDHOOD OF JESUS. From Birth of Jesus, Dec. 25, B.C. 5, to the Passover, Mar. 29, A.D. 9. — About 12 years. Le.\ding Fextv res. —The Messiah manifested to Jews and Gentiles. — Retirement at Nazareth. Chart No. Date 11 B.C. 5 Dec.25(?) 12 B.C. 4 Jan. I 13 Feb. 2 14 Feb. 15 16 « 17 May (?) 18 19 A.D. 9 Mar. 29 Event and Place An Angel announces to shepherds in the fields near Bethlehem the Birth of the Messiah, whom they hasten to visit. The Song of the Angels Circumcision of Jesus, when 8 days old. Bethlehem Presentation of Jesus in the Temple forty days after His birth (Lev. 12 : 5-8). Welcomed by Simeon and Anna. The "Nunc Dimittis" of Simeon The Epiphany to the Jews. Return to Bethlehem Matt. Mark Luke John I :25 — Visit of the Magi, or "Wise Men," from the East, who had been guided by a Star. They bring rich gifts. The Epiphany to the Gentiles. Bethlehem. — The Flight into Egypt, Joseph hav- ing been warned of God in a dream of the enmity of Herod — Herod's Massacre of all male chil- dren, two years old and under, at Bethlehem (Jer. 31 : 15) — The Return from Egypt; Joseph being informed in a dream by an Angel of the death of Herod shortly before the Passover, April, B.C. 4. Learning that .Archelaus, son of Herod, ruled in his stead, Joseph passed through Judea to Nazareth, which he made his per- manent abode (Hosea 11 : i) Jesus as a Child at Nazareth. For twelve years after the return to Naz- areth we lose sight of Jesus. — Jesus, aged twelve, goes to the Passover with His parents. He is missed by them as they are returning home, and after three days is found in the Temple. Jerusalem 2:13-15 2 : 19-23 2 : 8-20 2 -.21 2 : 22-38 2:39 2 :40 2:41-50 III. YOUTH AND EARLY MANHOOD. From Passover, Mar., A.D. 9, to Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27. — About 18 years. Leading Features. — Jesus in retirement at Nazareth. — No record given. 21 A.D. 26 Summer Jesus as a Youth at Nazareth . This brief statement by Luke is the only glimpse given of this period of 18 years. — The Ministry of John the Bap- tist Begins About six months before the close of this Period and the Baptism of Jesus, John the Baptist comes forth from his retirement and begins his Ministry in the Wilderness of Judea. This was in the 15th year of the reign of the Roman Emperor Tiberius. (See Diagram ONE.) 3 : I-I2 2:51-52 3:i-lJ 12 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF II. MINISTERIAL PERIOD. From Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27, to The Ascension, May 18, A.D. 30. — About 3 yrs. 5 mos. (See Large Chart at end of volume.) This period, embracing the public life of our Lord, is conveniently studied under six divisions, as outlined in the following pages. (See also Outline on p. 9.) I. TIME OF PREPARATION. From Baptism of Jesus, Jan., A.D. 27, to First Passover, Apr. 11-18, A.D. 27. — 3 mos. Leading Features. — The Baptism and the Temptation of Jesus. First Disciples and First Recorded Miracle. "!!"' Date Event and Place Matt. Mark Luke John 24 , ImAxsarea- I 2Z28 '''jix cJ U D E ^MtL^ru. A.D. 27 —THE BAPTISM OF JESUS in the Jan. river Jordan, at Bethabara, by John the Baptist, to whom He had come from Nazareth 3 : 13-17 Feb., Mar.! — The Temptation of Jesus, in the jWiLDERNESs OF JuDEA, whither He had been led by the Spirit and where He remains forty days 4 : i-i i March The Three Temptations (Matthew's order) 1 . To command stones to become bread to appease His hunger. Answer. — Man shall not live by bread alone (Deut. 8:3)- 2. To test God's care over Him, and His own Divinity by casting Himself from a pin- nacle of the Temple (Ps. 01 : ii). Answer. — Thou shalt not tempt the Lord thy God (Deut. 6 : 16). 3. To receive earthly dominion, in return for homage to Satan. Answer. — Thou shalt worship the Lord thy God, and Him only shalt thou serve (Deut. 6 : 13). — After the Temptation, Jesus returns to the Jordan, but just before that — John the Baptist announces himself as the forerunner of the Messiah, to a deputation of priests who had come from Jerusalem to Bethabara. The next day, seeing Jesus coming to him, John proclaims Him as the Lamb of God. I :9-i: I : 12, 13 3 : 21,22 4 : I-13 Till-: 1. 1KB OF CHRIST 13 Chart Ho. Date A.D. 27 Mar. Mar.. Apr. Event anu Pi,.\tii Matt. Mark Luke John First Disciplks of Jesus. The day fol- lowing Jolin repeats this testimony to his disciples, and two of them, An'ijrew and John, follow jesus to His home. Andrew finds his brother Peter and brings him to Jes-is. The ne.\t dav Jesus departs for Galilee, and meeting Pmi.ii'. a native like Andrew and Peter of Bethsaida, bids him join their company. Philip obeys, and finding N.\TH- ANAEL, a native of Cana, announces that he has found the Messiah. Nathanael believes I : 19-51 2:1-11 25 —FIRST MIRACLE. Jesus turns water into wine at a marriage at Cana, of Galilee, and "His disciples believed 2« — Jesus visits Capernaum, with His mother and brothers. Soon after He departs for the Feast at Jerusalem 2 • 12 1 II. EARLY JUDEAN MINISTRY. From First Passover, Apr. 11-18, A.D. 27, to Departure for Galilee, Dec, A.D. 27. — 8 mos. Leading Features. — The Call to Repentance and A nnouncement of the Kingdom. Grow- ing Popularity in Judea. 27 28 29 30 31- 32 33 A.D. 27 Apr. 11-18 Summer Xov. or Dec. — Jesus Cleanses the Temple, while attending the Passover, by casting out the traders. The Jews demanding His authority for so doing. He replies in a parable. He performs miracles and many believe on Him This cleansing of the Temple, the first act in our Lord's Judean Ministry, was "the first public manifestation of Himself before the rulers and the people." — First Great Discourse. Nicode- MUS visits Jesus at night, during the Feast, and Jesus explains to him the nature of the " NEW BIRTH" •This secret visit would seem to show that already there existed a feelins of antipathy to Jesus, and that Nicodemus felt that he' might incur some odium were his visit made publicly. — After this interview Jesus departs to northeastern Judea, where He gains converts, whom His disciples baptize. John at the same time is baptizing in /Enon near to Salim — John's last testimony to Christ. The Pharisees tell John at /Enon that Jesus is baptizing more converts than he. John thereupon declares that he! must decrease, but that the Prophet ofj Nazareth muse increase 1 Dec The Baptist Imprisoned. — John the Baptist is imprisoned in the fortress of M.\ch^rus (see map) by Herod Antipas (see Herodian Family, P-32) — Jesus departs for Galilee, upon hear- ing of John's imprisonment, and passes through Samaria — Second Gre.at Discourse. Jesus talks with Samaritan woman at Jacob's well, near Sychar, upon "LIVING W.ATER." He announces His Messiahship and many Samaritans believe. Remains there two days .... 2 : 13-15 3 : 22-24 3 : 25-36 14 :3-5 6 : 17-20 3 : 19, 201 4:12 4:14 4 : 1-3 4 : 4-42 This event is placed by Dr. Andrews just before No. 45. 14 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF III. GREAT GALILEAN MINISTRY. From Departure for Cialilee, Dec, A.D. 27, to Final Departure from Galilee, Nov., A. D. 29. I vr. 1 1 mos. Chart Ho. Date Event and Pl.\ce Matt. Mark Luke John 34 35 W 37 38 PALESTINE SHOWir/G EVENTS 34ro48 WITH JOliRNEVINGS ': 36 / I ' V - \ JVai>p» I I ; Gadara, \ GAL/I LlEE i 'III < ^^""^f ' '^SAMA/klA fJoppa,\ Bel/ran. J" U D E A 45-' S c'i A.D. 27 Dec. A.D. 28 Winter I. TIME OF EXTERNAL DEVEL- OPMENT. From Dec, A.D. 27, to May, A.D. 28. — About 5 mos. Leading Features. — First Preach- ing Tour in Galilee. Call of the Four Fishermen and Matthew. A ttends Pass- over. Crowing Popularity in Galilee. — Public ministry of Jesus in Galilee begins. He is welcomed by the Galileans, on account of the signs (miracles) he had performed at the Feast in Jerusalem. His disciples go to their respective homes —SECOND GALILEAN MIRACLE. At Cana He heals a nobleman's son who is sick at Capernaum — First Rejection at Nazareth. Coming to His own city of Nazareth, He teaches in the synagogue on the Sabbath day. His words anger the people, who threaten His destruction, but He preserves His life by a miracle . . . — Jesus departs and takes up His abode at Capernaum. He begins to gather about Him His early disciples. — The Fishermen Called. Teaching the people on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, the pressure of the multitude compels Him to enter the fishing boat 17 I :i4, 15 4 : U, 15 4 : 43-45 4 :13a 4 : 13-16 4 : 16-31 4:31a 4 : 46-54 Dr. Andrews places No. 34 and Nos. 36 to 44 just after No. 4s. THE LIFE OF CHR I SI- IS Chart Ho. 39 40 41 43 Date Event and Place A.D. 28 of Peter. Concluding His address, He bade Peter let down his net into the sea, and a MIRA CULOUS DRA UGIIT OF FISHES is taken. Thereupon Peter, Andrew, James and John, leave all and follow Him Winter —DEMONIAC HEALED in the synagogue at Capernaum on the Sabbath day, being the first recorded miracle performed on a Sabbath day. . . Amidst the awe and wonder of those assembled Jesus leaves the synagogue and enters the house of Peter, where — He cures Peter's wife's mother of a fever. At the close of the day. He heals matiy who are sick and afflicted with demons (see Isa. 53 : 4) Rising early the next morning Jesus retires to a solitary place to pray. He sought by the disciples who tell Him of the multitudes who are waiting for Him. Jesus replies that He must preach in the neighboring towns, and starts on His First Preaching Tour in Galilee. — Jesus with His disciples begins a tour, teaching in the synagogues, and heal- ing all manner of sickness Mar. This quick departure from Capernaum was doubtless due to Jesus' knowledge that the readiness of the people "to come to Him as a healer of the sick, did not prove the possession of true faith. He. therefore, will leave them to meditate on what they had seen and heard." — A Leper is healed in Galilee. Returning after some time to Caper- naum, the crowds begin to gather, bringing their sick, whom He heals . . . . Pharisaic Criticism Begins. Apr. 9 -9 — Jesus heals a paralytic borne by four men to the house in which He is teaching. Jesus forgives his sins and the indignant Pharisees who are present consider Him a blasphemer. . . Jesus leaves the city and teaches by the Sea of Galilee. Walking on the shore He sees — Matthew (Levi) .sitting at the receipt of custom, who at the call of Jesus, follows Him — Jesus at Passover, in Jerusalem He heals an infirm man at Pool of Bethesda on the Sabbath day. This arouses the anger of the Pharisees who seek to kill Him. Returns to Galilee — Disciples pluck corn on a Sabbath day, and a second Sabbath contro- versy takes place with the Pharisees. . — A week later Jesus heals a man with withered hand on the Sabbath day in a Galilean village, and a third Sab- bath controversy arises with the Pharisees, who conspire against Him. . 12 :9-i4 48* May(?) ; — .\t the Sea of G.\lilee, whither He withdraws, Jesus speaks to the mul-! titude from a boat. Many are healed. 12 : 15-21 Matt. Mark 4 : 18-22 I : 16-20 I : 21-28 14-17 I : 29-34 4 : 23-25 8:2-4 I : 35-39 I : 40-45 13.14 Luke John 5:1-11 4:31-37 4:38-41 5 : 12-16 5 : 17-26 5:27,28 2 : 23-28' 6 : 1-5 3 : 1-6 6 :6-ii 3:7-12 6:17-19 * The dates of Nos. 48 to 75 are approximate only. 16 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF Chart Mo. Date Event and Place Matt. Mark 49' 50 51 52 53 54t II. TIME OF INTERNAL DEVEL- OPMENT. From May, A.D. 28, to Withdrawal to Northern Galilee, May, A.D. 29. — Nearly i year, Leading Features. — Jesus chooses Twelve Apostles, to whom He grad ually discloses the Principles of the Kingdom. Hostility of Jewish religious leaders begins and increases. Jesus frequently retires with the Twelve into less hostile regions. A.D. 28 : — Jesus leaves Capernaum, and after Early spending a night in the mountains in summer prayer, calls about Him His disciples, and from them selects TWELVE lAPOSTLES, whom He might send forth to preach (see List, p. 32) After this selection Jesus descended from the mountain to a more level place and delivered —THE SERMON ON THE MOUNT to His disciples and the multitudes, on the Horns of Hattin (?) — Returning to Capernaum, He heals the Centurion's servant — Soon after He raises the Widow's Soti at N.-VTN, and continues His ministry in the surrounding regions. . . — Messengers from John the Baptist come to Jesus, asking. "Art Thou he that should come, or do we look for another?" Jesus' testimony to John. — Discourse of Jesus, at Capernaum (?), about His Mighty Works; He upbraids the cities in which they were performed 10 :2-4 5:1-8:1 8 : 5-13 2-19 II : 20-30 Luke John 3 : 13-19 6 : 12-16 6 : 20-49 7 : i-io 7 :ii-i7 7 : 18-35 * The dates of Nos. 40 to 75 are approximate only, t This is placed by some in connection with No. 100. THE LIFE OF CHRIST 17 Chart Ho. 55 5(5 58 59 60 61 62 6.3 64 65 Date A.D. 28 Summer Autumn (same day) Autumn Event and Place — Dines with Simon, a Pharisee, and is anointed by a woman "who is a sinner." Capernaum (?). Simon complains and Jesus speaks the Para- ble of The Two Debtors, the first recorded parable independent of a discourse Second Preaching Tour in Galilee. — Jesus and His disciples make a second tour of the cities and villages. . — Returning to Capernaum, He heals a demoniac. The Pharisees claim that He casts out devils through BeelzebuD the prince of the devils — Scribes and Pharisees seek a sign from Jesus. Capernaum — His mother and brothers seek Him; Jesus describes His true kindred. Gai.ilee — Jesus denounces the Pharisees who wonder that He does not wash before eating — Discourse to Hypocrisy, with Covetousness, and earthly things the disciples, on a warning against anxiety about -Parable of the Barren Fig Tree . Parables by the Sea of Galilee. — At the seaside, on account of the multitude, Jesus enters a boat and teaches; speaking the Parable of THE Sower — Also the Parable of the Tares; the Seed Growing Secretly; the Mus- tard Seed; the Leaven; the Hidden Treasure; the Merchant and the Pearl; and the Drag Net Jesus Crosses the Sea. —Late in the evening Jesus starts with His disciples to cross to the eastern shore of the Lake. Wearied by His labor. He falls asleep, but daring the night is awakened bv His disciples and STILLS THE TEMPEST which had suddenly arisen — On the EASTERN shore in the coun- try of the Gadarenes He heals two demoniacs. The demons are per- mitted to enter into a herd of swine which is destroyed in the Lake The people of Gadara beseech Jesus to depart from their borders, and recrossing the Sea Matt. 12 : 22-37 12:38-45 12 : 46-50 Mark I Luke 3 : 20-30 7 : 36-50 8:1-3 13 : 1-23 13 :24-53 8 : 18-27 8 : 28-34 3 : 31-35 4 : 1-25 4 : 26-34 4:35-41 5 : 1-20 11:14.15; 17-23 II :i6, 24-26, 29-36 8 : 19-21 I : 37-54 12 : 1-59 13 :6-9 3 : 18-21 8 : 22-25 : 26-39 * The arrangement of Nos. 57 to 62 assumes that the miracle recorded in Luke is identical with that in Matt, and Mark, and that the events in Luke 11 : 16 to 13 : 9 immediately followed. Others believing the miracle not to be the same place all these chapters of Luke in the later Perean ministry. 18 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF Chart No. Date Event and Place Matt. Mark 72 73 Luke John A.D. 28 Autumn He is welcomed by a multitude on reaching Capernaum — Feast of Matthew (Levi) in honor of Jesus, at Capernaum A.D. 29 Winter Discourse on Fasting, in reply to an inquiry by John's disciples —RAISING OF JAIRUS' DAUGH- TER, at Capernaum While Jesus is going to the house of Jairus accompanied by an eager crowd, a woman with an issue of blood presses through the crowd to touch the hem of His garment and is made whole. — Jesus heals tivo blind men, who cry out to Him. Upon a profession of their faith in His power to heal them, Jesus touches their eyes, saying. According to your faith be it done unto you, and their eyes are opened. Capernaum (?~ — Heals also a dumb demoniac who is brought to Him. The multitudes marvel, but the Pharisees say, " By the prince of the devils casteth He out devils." 9:l| 5:21 9 :9-i3j 2 : 13-17 9 : 14-17 2 : 18-22 9 : 18-26 5 : 22-43 9 : 20-22 5 : 25-34 9:27-31 9:32-34 8 :40 5 : 27-32 5 : 33-39 8 : 41-56 8:43-48 Second Rejection at Nazareth. — Soon afterward Jesus leaves Caper- naum and comes to Nazareth. He appears in the synagogue on the Sabbath day; but "they were offended in Him," saying, "Is not this the carpenter? " He does not many mighty works there because of their unbelief at which He marvels 13:54-58 6:1-6 THE LIFE OF CHRIST 19 Chart No. Date A.D 29 Winter 80^ 81 82 Mar. or Apr. Apr. Third Preaching Tour in Galilee. Jesus with His disciples continues His third preachini? tour in Galilee. . Moved with compassion for the shep- herdlcss throngs that surround Him, Jesus calls unto Him and sends forth His Twelve Disciples, two by two, to preach and to heal John the Baptist is beheaded by Herod Antipas in the castle of Mach- iERUS The return of the Twelve, with whom Jesus upon hearing of the death of John crosses the Sea to Bethsaida, still followed by multitudes Jesus FEEDS FIVE THOUSAND near Bethsaida, with five loaves and two fishes. Twelve baskets full re- main. The People desire to make Him King and He reaches the acme OF His popularity After sending the multitude away. He directs the disciples to recross THE Sea, while He went up into a mountain to pray. Early the next morning Jesus, walking upon the Sea, rejoins the disciples who are rowing against a heavy sea. Landing at Gennesaret he heals many sick, and reaching Capernaum He finds a multitude who had followed Him across the Sea Event and Place The Great Defection. Making no direct answer to the eager question of the multitude, how He had crossed the Sea, Jesus tells them that they seek Him because they had eaten of the loaves and were filled. He then delivers His great discourse on THE BREAD OF LIFE. It offends many OF His disciples who now forsake Him, and from this time His popu- larity declines. Peter's Affirmation of Faith. Seeing the effect of His solemn words upon many of His followers, Jesus turns to the Twelve and inquires whether they too were to leave Him. Peter speaking for the others at once replied, " Lord, to whom shall we go ? Thou hast the words of eternal life " Matt. Mark 9 : 35 6 : 6b Luke 9:36- 6:6-13 II : I 14 : I-I2 9 : 1-6 6:14-29 9:7-9 14 :i3 6 :30,3i 9 : 10 14 : 14-21 14 : 22-36 Reports of the great miracle of feeding the five thousand and its effect upon the people were doubtless carried to Jerusalem by pil- grims who had gone up to the Feast. (Notice on chart that this miracle was performed about the time of the Passover. April. A.D. 2<>.) This brought a new delegation of Scribes and Pharisees from Jerusalem intent upon devising means to counteract His influence. Seizing every opportunity to accuse Hini they complain that some of — His disciples ate bread with un- washed hands. This brings forth a severe reply from Jesus who now OPENLY addresses THE PHARISEES AS HYPOCRITES. Capernaum 15 : 1-20 6 : 32-44 6 : 45-56 9 :II-I7 7 •• 1-23 John 6 :2-l5 6 : 16-21 * Dates from No. 80 to near No. 83. 91 and that of the Passover. [30 are approximate, except for those indicating the Jewish Feasts. Nos. Chtrt Ho. Date CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF I Matt, Event and Place Mark Luke John 83 84 85 86 87 A.D. 29 Summer III. TIME OF RETIREMENT. From May, A.D. 29, to Final Depar- ture from Galilee, Nov., A.D. 29. — About 6 mos. Leading Features. — Jesus with the Twelve mostly in retirement beyond Jordan. Intimate training of the Twelve into the real meaning of His Messiah- ship, i.e., its Redemptive Power. To find the rest and seclusion which He had vainly sought on the eastern shore of the Lake and to escape the increasing hostility of the Pharisees — Jesus retires to the borders of Tyre and SiDON. But He could not be hid. After a test of her faith. He heals the daughter of a Syrophoenician woman — He returns to the eastern side of the Lake, and passes through Decapo lis, where He heals a deaf and dumb man, and many others — The multitudes again gather and Jesus FEEDS FOUR THOUSAND with seven loaves and a "few small fishes." Seven baskets of fragments remain. He sends the multitude away, and returns across the Lake to Caper- naum by the way of Magdala The waiting Pharisees again seek a sign. He replies that no sign will be given but the sign of the prophet Jonah. Leaving them He again re- crosses to the eastern shore of THE Lake — The disciples forgetting to take bread, Jesus warns them against the leaven of the Pharisees [5:21-28 15:29-31 5:32-38 15 :39- 16 :4 16 :5-i2 7 : 24-30 7 : 31-37 8 : 1-9 8 : 10-13 8 : 14-21 THE LIFE OF CHRIST 21 Chart No. 89 90 91 92 Date A.D. 29 Summer 96 1 97 98 •Arriving at Bethsaida Jesus heals blind man, whom He commands to go directly home. From Bethsaida Jesus and His disciples go northward toward C/Esarea Philippi Event and Place Near there and in reply to a ques- tion from the Master Peter confesses that Jesus is "the Christ, the Son of the living God " Teaching of Jesus to His Disciples Now Assumes a New Character. Jesus begins to show His disciples that He must be put to death by the Jews and be raised again the third day. Peter remonstrates and is re- buked To offset the sad announcement of H impending death, He tells them of a time when He would return, bringing with Him rewards for each faithful one. That this should not be interpreted in an earthly sense. He gave them a glimpse of the more glorious character of the coming kingdom by —THE TRANSFIGURATION. Jesus takes Peter, James and John into a high mountain (probably a summit of Mt. Hermon) and is transfigured before them — Descending from the mountain the disciples are found surrounded by multitude, and Jesus heals a demoniac boy, whom the disciples had been unable to cure Crossing the Jordan near its source He enters northern Galilee, where — Jesus agains foretells His death and resurrection. They do not yet under- stand Him, but are afraid to ask After spending some time in the more retired parts of Galilee, Jesus again returns to Capernaum 94 Sept. (?) 95 Oct. ii-i{ — In order to pay the yearly temple tax, Peter is sent to the Sea and finds the tribute money in the mouth of a fish — The disciples contending as to which of them should be greatest, Jesus discourses to them, on Humility, For BEARANCE, and Brotherly Love Parable of the Unmerciful Serv ant — Leaving Capernaum secretly, Jesus goes to the Feast of Tabernacles, at Jerus.'VLEM. Teaching in the Temple, His enemies seek to arrest Him ( — A Woman taken in adultery is brought to Him.) — Discourses on the Light of the World and on Spiritual Freedom. After the Feast Jesus returns to Galilee Matt. 1 6 : 13-20 16 : 21-28 17 :i-i3 Mark 8 : 22-26 Luke John 8 : 27-30 9 : 18-21 8:31- 9:1 9:2-13 17 : 14-20 9 : 14-29 17 : 22-23 [7 -.24-27 18:1-35 9 : 30-32 9 : 33a 9 : 33-50 9 : 22-27 9 : 28-36 9 : 37-43 9 : 43-45 9 : 46-50 7 : 1-52 7 : 53-8 : 4 8 : 12-59 * Dr. Andrews places No. 88 immediately before 96. This arrangement would place Nos. 96 to 98 and 103 before No. 89. and Nos. 89 to 95 much later. t The order of Nos. 96 to 118. events mainly from Luke and John, follow the order of Luke's narrative, but the chronological arrangement presents many difficulties. 22 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF IV. PEREAN MINISTRY. From the Final Departure from Galilee, Nov., A.D. 29, to The Entry into Jerusalem, Apr. 2, A.D. 30. — About 5 mos. Leading Features. — Christ makes a full disclosure of Himself to His disciples, now pre- pared for it. He enters Jerusalem publicly proclaiming His Messiahship, ayid Jewish hostility culminates. Date Event and Place Matt. Mark Luke CENTRAL JUDEA Sf/OlV/NG PRINCIPAL ROADS=-== ^; "■'^^^'^^:F^^iwM 99 A.D. 29 Nov. 100 THE FINAL APPEAL. During His Gali- lean ministry Jesus had not publicly declared Himself to be the Messiah, He left that to be inferred from His works and His teaching. But the more searching and spiritual character! of His later discourses, the increasing disap-j pointment of many of His followers who looked for mere earthly success, and the; opposition created through the virulent propa-i ganda of His Pharisaical enemies, were having^ their effect, and the great crowds began to; diminish. The time had now come for a public declara-l tion of His Messiahship, that all might know He was the promised Christ, and if rejected, be rejected as such. This characterized the final journey of our Lord to Jerusalem. Final Departure from Galilee. — Jesus now sets His face to go to Jerusalem, knowing that the time is approaching when He should be received up. Passing through the borders of Samaria, He is rejected by} the inhabitants. A man proposes to follow Him; another called to follow excuses Himself ■ I — The Mission of the Seventy.! Jesus on the borders of Perea (?)| sends seventy of His disciples in twosj "before His face" to proclaim to the people His Messianic claims and to heal. He explicitly instructs them. They subsequently return and tell of| their work 19 : 1-2 John 0:1 9:51-56 10 : 1-24 THE LIFE OF CHRIST 23 Chart No. 101 102 103 104 105 100 107 108 109 110 111 Date A.D. 29 Nov. Dec. Event and Place Matt. A.D. Jan 112 113 lU ; 115 I Feb. — Parable ok the Good Samaritan,! spoken in reply to a lawyer in 1'erea! who had asked, "Who is my neighbor?"! He also gives a form of prayer at the request of a disciple, and speaks of the right use of prayer I Mark Luke John 10 : 25-37 — Jesus visits Martha and Mary ati Bethany. Mary sits at His feet;l Martha is cumbered about much, 1 serving I 10 : 38-42 30 At Feast of Dedication, Dec. 20-27 (.Jerusalem). — He heals a man born blind whom He bids go wash in the Pool of Siloam — Discourse on The Good Shepherd, in Jerusalem — The Jews demand of Jesus, "If thou! art the Christ tell us plainly." Hei refers to His works and the Jews' threaten to stone Him for blasphemy.! He therefore departs beyond Jordan, where many resort to Him, and believe — Discourse on Prayer. The Lord's Prayer given in briefer form. Perea. J — Jesus heals an infirm woman on a! Sabbath day and the ruler of the synagogue complains. Perea I — Parable of The Mustard Seed and The Leaven, to which He compares the Kingdom of God. Perea ' 9 : 1-4I 10 : 22-42 II : I-13 j — Journeying toward Jerusalem, Jesus teaches in the cities and villages of Perea. One asks Him, Lord, are Ithere few that be saved? His discourse in reply, also His reply to a warning against Herod — Jesus dines with a chief Pharisee on •a Sabbath day, and heals a man who had dropsy. Perea j 13 : 10-17 13 : 18-21 13 : 22-35 14 : 1-24 — Discourses on Counting the Cost, and upon what is required of true disciples to the multitude who are following Him. Perea In Perea, publicans and sinners are drawing near to hear Him, whereat the Pharisees murmur, saying,' "This man receiveth sinners and eateth with them." To them Jesus speaks: j — Three Parables of Gr.\ce: (i) The Lost Sheep; (2) The Lost Piece of Money, and (3) The Prodigal Son. . — Also Two Parables of Warning: (i) The Unjust Steward; (2) Rich Man and Lazarus ;i4: 25-35 — Discourse to disciples on Forgive- ness, Humility, and Faith. Perea. —RAISING OF LAZARUS, at Bethany. W^hile in Perea, Jesus learns of the illness of Lazarus through mes-, sengers from his sisters, but delays for| two days His departure for Bethany . . . ! 15 : 1-32 16 : I-31 17 : l-io II :i-45 24 116 CHROXOLOGICAL OUTLINK OF Date \.I). 30 Feb. 117 118 119 120 121 122 12:i 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 Mar. End of Mar. Event and Place — As a result of this great miracle nian\' Jews believe on Him, but some report it to the Pharisees. A council is called and Caiaphas the High Priest advises that Jesus be put to death. Jesus thereupon withdraws to a city called Ephr.mm, where He remains with His disciples till near the time of the Passover The Last Journey to Jerusalem. Departing again for Jerusalem, Jesus passes through "the midst of Samaria and Galilee." As He is enter- ing a certain village. He meets and HEALS TEN LEPERS, of whom only one, a Samaritan, returns to give Him thanks Answering a Pharisee, He dis- courses on The Sudden Coming of the Kingdom, and utters a number of Parables. Perea Friday A.M. Mar. 31 Friday P.M. Matt. —Parable of the Importunate Widow. Perea — Parable of the Pharisee and the Publican. Perea — Discourse on Divorce in reply to Pharisees tempting Him. Perea. . — Christ blesses little children. Perea. — A rich young ruler goes away sorrow- ful when told by the Master to sell all that he has and follow Him, to inherit eternal life. Peter says to Jesus "Behold we have forsaken all and followed thee," and Jesus tells them of the reward that shall be given to the faithful The Parable of the Laborers in the Vineyard Nearing the borders of Judea Jesus takes the Twelve apart and -Again foretells His death, to the amazed and fearful company who fail to comprehend Him. Perea — James and John request the two seats of honor in His Kingdom. This request, which excites the indignation of the other disciples, Jesus denies. Perea Jesus approaches Jericho, in com- pany with pilgrims going up to the Feast, and HEALS TWO BLIND BEGGARS who salute Him as the Son of David Entering Jericho, He meets Zac- chccus, a publican, and goes to his house to spend the night. The Jews complain —Next morning on departing Jesus peaks to the people the Parable of THE Pounds — Arriving at Bethany, Jesus remains there for the night. The next day Simon the leper makes Him a supper at which Lazarus, Martha, and Mary are guests. He is anointed by Mary . . 19 :3-i2 19 : 13-15 19 : 16-30 20 : 1-16 20 : 17-19 20 : 20-28 20 : 29-34 26:6-13 Mark 10 :2-i2 10 : 13-16 ID : 17-31 10 : 32-34 10:35-45 ID : 46-52 14:3-9 Luke John 1 1 : 45-54 17 :li-l9!. 18 20-37 I I :l-8j 9-14 18:15-17, 18 : 18-20 8:31-34 18 : 35-43 19 19 : 11-28 II : 5 to 12 : II THE LIFE or CHRIST V. THE PASSION WEEK. From The Entry into Jerusalem, Sunday, April 2, A.D. 30, to The Resurrection Sunday, April 9, A.D. 30. — 8 days. (See Colored Diagram TWO.) 131 Event .\nd Place JERUSALEM ^A'?VI CI N I TY -^ SUNDAY. MONDAYS TUESDAY %: \ §^-$^ •N> " poo/. ^ -; V \\\ull/A .^#"^itv A.D. 30 Sunday April 2 The Public Entry into Jerusa LEM. Leaving Bethany, Jesus sends to a near-by village for an ass upon which to ride into the city (Zech. 9:9). Reaching the Mt. of Olives, He beholds the city and weeps over it. Amid the shouts of the people who are following He enters the city. He visits the Temple, and afterwards returns with the Twelve to Bethany 132 Monday April 3 133 134 135 i Tuesday April 4 137 138 — In the morning, when returning to the city, lie. curses a fig tree upon which He finds no fruit Matt. Mark Luke John 19 : 29-44 12 : 12-19 21 : 18, 1911 : 12-14 — He enters the Temple and drives out the traders. The blind and lame conic to Him in the Temple and are healed, amid the Hosannas of the children, of which the Pharisees complain. Re-{ turns in the evening to Bethany 21 : 12-17 11 : ^S~^9 — Returning to the city in the morningi the disciples find the fig tree witheredi away. Discourseof Jesus ON Faith. . . 21 — As Jesus is entering the Temple the Pharisees challenge His authority. He asks them a question respecting John's baptism, and adds the following parables 21 : 23-27 Three Parables of Warning: — (i) Parable of the Two Sons. In Te.mple — (2) Parable of the Wicked Hus- bandmen The Pharisees now seek His arrest, but fear the people. Jesus adds the — (3) Parable of the Marriage ok the King's Son 21 : 28-32 21 :33-4fi II : 27-33 19 : 45-48 20 : 1-8 20 :9-i9 26 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF Chart No. 139 140 in 142 143 144 145 Date A.D. 30 Tuesday April 4 Tuesday evening Event and Place 146 147 Wed. April 5 148 Thursday April 6 149* Thursday evening 150 151 152 Three Questions by Jewish Rulers who wish to "ensnare Him in His words": — (i) About tribute to Caesar, (2) the Resurrection, and (3) the Great Com- mandment. In Temple — Our Lord's Unanswerable Question about the Christ Then addressing the people in the Temple, — Christ denounces the hypocrisy of the Scribes and Pharisees — The POOR WIDOW WHO casts two mites into the treasury He extols. Court of Women — Certain Greeks seeking to see Jesus, He speaks again of His own death and coming glory. His prayer and the Father's answer which the disciples hear. Court of Gentiles — Jesus' reflection on the unbelief of the Jews — As He leaves the Temple for the last time, the disciples call His attention to its wonderful construction. He pre- dicts its destruction. Ascending the Mount of Olives, He sits down and foretells to Peter, James, John and Andrew the course of events until His return. Adds the Parables of the Fig Tree and of the Householder WATCHING — Jesus continues His discourse; Para- bles of the Ten Virgins, the Talents, the Sheep and Goats; Picture of the Judgment. Mount of Olives i — After announcing His betrayal andj Crucifixion at the coming Passover, Jesus retires to Bethany. Judas avails himself of this opportunity to conspire with the rulers for His be-: trayal. Jerusalem — (No record. Jesus in retirement at Bethany) (See Map at top of next page for Course of Events from 148 to 162.) —THE LAST SUPPER. From Bethany, Jesus sends Peter and John to the city to make ready the Passover. Toward evening He leaves Bethany with the other disciples and goes to the room where the supper is to be eaten. Jerusalem — At the beginning of the Supper, Jesus expresses His desire to eat this Passover with His disciples before His death Matt. Mark 22 : 15-40 22 : 41-46 23 : 1-39 — As the disciples are taking their places at the table a contention arises among them as to who is greatest .... — To teach them love and humility, Jesus at once girds Himself and pro- ceeds to wash their feet During the supper, Jesus declares amid the surprise and grief of His disciples, that one of them will BETRAY Him. Judas, having been indicated as the traitor, goes out, "and it was night " 24:1-51 25 : 1-46 26 : 1-5, 14-16 26 : 17-19 26 : 21-25 12 : 13-34 12 : 35-37 Luke John 20 : 20-40 20 : 41-44 12 : 38-40 20 : 45-47 12 : 41-44 21 : 1-4 13 : 1-37 21 :5-38 14 : I, 2, 22 : 1-6 ID, II 4 : 12-16 14 : 18-21 22 :7-l3 22 : 15-18 22 : 24-30! 12 : 20-36 12 : 37-50 13 : 1-20 22 : 21-23 13 : 21-30 ' The order of events from Nos. 149 to 155 as here given seems the most probable one. THE LIFE OF CHRIST 27 Chwt No. Date Event and Place Matt. JERUSALEM w^^VI CI NITV— ~ oH THURSDAY, AND EARLY FRIDAY. BETHffNV A.D. 30 Thursday April 6 Evening Jesus proceeds to institute the "LORD'S SUPPER" after the depar- ture of Judas (see i Cor. 11 : 23-25). . . Peter proclaims his loj'alty and stedfastness, but Jesus foretells that HE WILL DENY HIS LORD. This is followed by the incident of the two swords Mark Farewell Discourse and Inter- cessory Prayer. Jesus encourages His disciples and replies to the ques- tions of Thomas and Philip. He promises the Comforter. The disci- ples bidden to arise stand about Jesus, while He finishes His address and makes His prayer Thursday night Thursday midnight 159 Friday 1 April 7 I A.M. Before day — Near midnight, Jesus goes over the brook Kidron, with His disciples, to the garden of Gethsemane, to await the coming of Judas. (Before depart- ing He makes a second prediction of the fall of Peter, f) — The Agony in Gethsemane —The Betrayal and Arrest of Jesus. Jesus heals the ear of Malchiis, which Peter had cut off. The disciples flee. Gethsemane — Jesus is first brought to Annas, the father-in-law of Caiaphas. P.alace OF High Priest — Night examination before Caiaphas, the high priest to whom Annas had sent Jesus. Jesus is maltreated — The three denials of Peter during the trial 26 : 26-29 14 : 22-25 Luke 22 : 19, 20 26 : 31-35 14:27-3122 : 31-38 26:30 14:26 29:39 (31-35) (27-31) 26 : 36-46 14 : 32-42 22 : 40-46 26 : 47-56 14:43-52 22 : 47-53 26 : 57-68 14:53-65 22 :54 63-65 26 : 69-75 14 : 66-72 22 : 55-6: — Formal trial and condemnation of Jesus by the Sanhedrin. He confesses He is the Christ, and is condemned for blasphemy and is mocked. He is sent to Pilate I 27:1,2 22 : 66 to 23:1 John 13 : 31-38 14: I to 17, 26 18 : 13, 14, 19-24 18 : 15-18, 25-27 18 :28 t Matthew and Mark record what appears to be a second prediction of Peter's denial. 28 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF Date Event and Place ! Matt. JERUSALEM fiKS- VICI NITV -~ o^ FRIDAV. A.D. 30 Friday April 7 morning — The Remorse and Suicide of Judas (see Acts i : 18, 19) — The Trial before Pilate who seeks to release Him, Pilate sends Jesus to Herod (see Herodian Family). The Pretorium 27 :3-io 27 :ii-l4 —Jesus refuses to answer the questions of Herod who sends Him back to Pilate. Herod's residence — Pilate's second attempt to release Jesus. The Jews choose Barabbas. Pretorium 9 A.M. I Jesus is delivered to death, and is scourged by the soldiers. Pretorium . Final attempt of Pilate to release Jesus. "EcceHomo. " Pretorium. — Jesus is led to His crucifixion —THE CRUCIFIXION. First word from cross, "Father, forgive them, they know not what they do." Cal- vary — Jews mock Jesus on cross. Second word to penitent thief, "To-day shalt thou be with Me in paradise" 12 noon to 3 P.M 3 P.M. cvi^nrng Saturday April 8 — Jesus commends His mother to John. Third word, "Woman, behold thy Son" — Darkness covers the land. Fourth word, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me? " Fifth, " I thirst. " Sixth, "It is finished." Seventh, "Father, into Thy hands I commend My Spirit." These last words follow in quick succession. 3 P.M., Jesus Expires 27 : 45-50 — Veil of Temple rent; earthquake; the words of the Centurion ; the women at the cross '27 : 51-56 — The Burial of Jesus, by Joseph ofi Arimathea 27 : 57-61 — The Guard at the sepulchre 27 : 62-66 27 : 15-26 27 : 26-30 27 : 31-34 27 : 35-38 27 : 39-44 Mark 15 :2-5 Luke 23 : 2-5 23 :6-i2 15 : 6-15,23 : 13-25 15 : 15-191 5 : 20-23 23 : 26-33 15 : 24-28 23: 33, 34 38 15 : 29-32 1 5 : 33-37 15 : 38-41 15 : 42-47 23 : 35- 37, 39-43 ?3 : 44- 46 23 :45 47-49 23 : 50-56 John [8:29-38 18 :39, 40 19 : 1-3 19 :4-l6 19:16, 17 19 : 18-24 19 : 25-27 19 : 28-30 19 131-42 THE LIFE OF CHRIST VI. THE RESURRECTION PERIOD. "THE FORTY DAYS" From The Resurrection, Sunday, April 9, A.D. 30, to The Ascension, Thursday, May 18, A.D. 30. — 40 days. Chu-t No. 177 17S 179 180 181 182 Date A.D. 30 Sunday April 9 early dawn Early morning Morning After- noon IS.'J Evening 184 Event and Place 185 186 187 188 189 Sunday April 16 April- May Thursday May 18 The women come to the sepulchre; the vision of angels; Mary Magdalene returns to city to call Peter and John. Peter and John visit the sepulchre, and seeing it empty return home . . Jesus' FIRST appearance, to Mary Magdalene, who remains at the sepul chre weeping Jesus' SECOND appearance to the other women, near Jerusalem The Rejiort of the Guard Report of third appearance to Peter appears to two disciples on the way to Emmaus, FOURTHappearance(see I Cor 15:5) Fifth appearance, to the ten disci- I)les, Thomas absent. Jerusalem. — Sixth appearance, to the eleven disciples. Jerusalem. Disciples go into Galilee — Seventh appearance. Jesus appears to seven disciples while fishing in Sea OF Galilee — Eighth appearance. Jesus appears to many disciples on a mountain in Galilee (see i Cor. 15:6) — (Appears to James — see I Cor. 15:7) —THE ASCENSION. Final appear- ance to all the apostles, near Bethany. "And it came to pass, while He blessed them, He parted from them, and was car- ried up into heaven " (see Acts 1 : 3-12) — Conclusion of John's Gospel Matt. 28 : 1-8 Mark 28 :9, 10 28 :II-I5 28 : 16-20 16 : 9- llt Luke John 24 : i-ii 24 : 12 16 :i2, I3t 16 : 14- I8ti 24 : 13-35 24 : 36-43 16 : 19- 20 1 24 : 44-53 20 :3-io 20 : 19-25 20 : 26-29 21 : 1-24 20:30,31: 21 :25 * The order of events under No. 177 cannot be determined with certainty. t The genuineness of Mark 16: 9-20 is questionable (see Revised Version). 30 M I RAGLES— PARABLES MIRACLES OF JESUS Chart No. * 117 127 132 iS8 18S Water turned into wine Nobleman's son healed at Capernaum First Draught of fishes Demoniac cured in Synagogue Peter's wife's mother Many sick and possessed by demons . . Leper healed Paralytic healed Impotent man at Pool of Bethesda. . . Man with withered hand Centurion's servant Widow's son raised Blind and dumb demoniac Tempest stilled Gergesene demoniacs Jairus' daughter raised Woman with issue of blood Two blind men Dumb demoniac Five thousand fed Walking on the sea Syrophenician's daughter Deaf and dumb man and many others. Four thousand fed Blind man Demoniac child Tribute money found in fish's mouth . Man born blind Infirm woman Man with dropsy Lazarus raised Ten lepers Two blind men (Bartimeus) Fig tree withered Ear of Malchus healed Second Draught of fishes Sea of Galilee . Capernaum . . . Galilee Capernaum Jerusalem Galilee Near Capernaum . Nain Capernaum Sea of Galilee. . . . Gergesa Capernaum Gennesaret Capernaum Bethsaida Sea of Galilee. Phoenicia Decapolis Near Bethsaida. . Mt. Hermon Near Capernaum. Jerusalem Perea (?) Bethany Near border Samaria Near Jericho Mt. Olives Gethsemane Sea of Galilee 23-27 29-31 32-34 40-45 : 1-12 12 : 22-37 8 : 24-27 8 : 28-34 9 : 18-26 9 : 20-22 9 : 27-30 9 : 32-34 14 : 13-21 14 : 22-36 15 : 21-29 (is : 30-31) 15 : 32-39 (3 : 20-30) 4 : 37-41 S : i-iS 5 : 22-24 14- 6 : 30-44 6 : 45-56 7 : 24-30 7 : 31-37 8 : 1-9 8 : 22-26 9 : 14-27 S : i-ii 4 : 33-36 4 :38,39 4 :40,4i 5 : 12-16 S : 18-26 6 :6-ii 7 : i-io 7 : 11-17 II : 14 8 : 23-25 8 : 27-35 8 : 41,42 8 : 43-48 13 : I 14 46-52 12-14 John 46-54 9 : 1-41 11' ; 1-46 PARABLES OF JESUS Chart No. * Matt. Mark 114 119 120 124 129 136 137 145 146 Candle under bushel. Two kinds of builders Two debtors Rich fool Servants who are watching . 13 :33 13 :44 13 :4S 13 :47 9 : 16 9 : 17 18 :23 Wise steward Tyrannical steward Barren fig tree The sower Tares among the wheat Seed growing in secret Mustard seed's growth The leaven Hidden treasure Goodly pearl Net cast for fish New cloth on old garment New wine in old wine skins Merciless servant Good Samaritan Importunate friend Great supper Building of tower; King going to war .. Lost sheep Lost coin j Prodigal son Unjust steward Rich man and Lazarus Unprofitable servant Importunate widow Pharisee and publican Laborers in vineyard The pounds Two sons Wicked husbandmen Marriage of king's son, and man with- out wedding garment Fig tree and other trees Householder watching , Wise and foolish virgins 25:1 The talents 25 : 14 Sheep and goats 25 : 31 18 22 : I 24 =32 13 : 28 13 :34 8 : 16 Truth is to be spread. 11 : 33 6 : 47 Obedience and negligence compared. 7:41 Gratitude for forgiveness. 12 : 16 Lovefor worldly things opposed to godliness. 12 : 35 iWatching for the Lord's return. 12 : 42 [Faithfulness rewarded. 12 : 4S Unfaithfulness punished. 13 : 6 I God's wonderful patience. 8 : 5 Receptivity of hearers determines results. , Good and evil at the last to be separated. The law of religious growth. 13 : 18 Growth of kingdom from small beginnings. 13 : 20 Truth diffused by contact. > The paramount value of the Kingdom. Diverse elements in the Church. 5 : 36 I I New doctrine and spirit destroys old 5 : 37 I i prejudices. Forgiveness a duty. 10 : 30 Doing good to enemies. 11:5 Constancy in prayer. 14 : 16 IGod's call is to every one. 14 : 28 Carefulness; and self-denial. 15 : 4 God seeking and saving. 15:8 jGod seeking and finding. 15 : II God waiting to forgive. 16 : I Wordly wisdom in religious matters, 16 : ig Death will bring the just reward. 17:7 God demands our entire service. iS : 2 Unceasing prayer prevails. 18 : 10 "(rod resists the proud." Late penitents receive full reward. 19 : 12 Faithfulness rewarded, indolence pur Obedience better than profession. 20 : 9 .Christ's rejection by the Jews. A robe of righteousness necessary. 21 : 29 Signs of the second coming. Necessity for watchfulness. Watchful readiness. Careful use of opportunities. Love will be the test. 5hed. * The corresponding number in the wave- like band on Large Chart will indicate ai)proxiniate date. JEWISH CALENDAR 31 JEWISH CALENDAR Year Name of Month Festival With its Date in Jewish Month Eng- lish Month (approx.) English Date OF Festivals, FOR Civil Sacred 1911 1 1915 I 7 NISAN, or ABIB. Ex. 12 : 2. Neh. 2:1. I. New Moon 14- PASSOVER. Ex.12 :i-si. 16. Firstfruitof Barley har- vest presented. Lev. 23 : 10-12. APRIL Mch. 30 Apl. 13 ■• IS Mch. 16 Latter or spring rains. tn " 30 Streams in flood. 2 Apl. I Barley ripe in lowlands. 1 < II 8 ZIV (Blossom). I Ki.6:i,37. Later lYAR. 14. Second Passover for those unable to keep First. Num. 9 : 10, 11. MAY May 12 Apl. 28 Wheat coming into ear Barley harvest in highlands. Wheat ripens in low- lands. i < X III 9 SIVAN Esth. 8 : 9. 6. Pentecost, or Feast of Weeks, or of Harvest. Loaves as Firstfruitsof Wheat harvest present- ed. Ei. 23 : 19; Deut. 16 : 9, 10. JUNE June 2 May 19 Summer begins. Wheat harvest. No rain until Oct. z IV 10 TAMUZ 17. Taking of Jerusalem. Fast of Tamuz. JULY July 13 Increasing heat. June 29,Grapcs begin to ripen. 1 t S X 1 V II AB 9. Destruction of Temple. Fast of Ab. AUG. Aug. 3 July 20 U VI 12 ELUL Neh. 6 : IS. SEPT. General grape harvest VII I TISRI, or ETHANIM. I Ki. 8 : 2. I. Feastof Trumpets. New Year. Num. 29 : i. 10. Day of Atonement. Lev. 16: 29. 15. Feast of TABERNACLES. Lev. 23:34. Firstfruitsof Wine and Oil. Deut. 16: 13. OCT. Sept. 23 Oct. 2 7 Sept. 9 " 18 " 23 Former, or earlier rains begin. Planting begins. VIII 2 BUL, or HESVAN (Rain). NOV. Barley and Wheat sown. Continued rain. IX 3 CHISLEV (Kislev) Neh. 1:1. Zech. 7:1. 25. Feast of Dedication. I Mace. 4 : 52. DEC. Dec. 16 Winter begins. Snow on highlands. Dec. 3' X 4 TEBET Esth. 2 : 16. JAN. Coldest month. ei (d H XI 5 SEBAT Zech. I : 7. FEB. Weather becoming warmer. XII 6 AGAR Esth. 3:7. Esth. 9 : 27. 14, IS- Feast of Purim. Esth. 3 : 7 ; 9 : 27. MAR. Almond trees in blossom. The Hebrew Year consists of 354 days or i2 lunar months, each beginning at the time of the new moon. These months contain 29 and 30 days alternately, Nisan having 30 days. In order that the great annual festivals which were associated with the agricultural life of the people might be held at their appropriate season, it was constantly necessary to bring the year into conformity with the solar year, of about 365 days. This seems to have been done by adding a 13th month seven times during a cycle of 19 years. The biblical or sacred year began in our spring with the month Nisan, but the agricultural or civil year began with seed time in the autumn. In the table the approximate English month is given with its corresponding date of the festivals. It will be noticed that in 191 1 Nisan began on March 30, and that in 191S it begins on March 16, or about 15 days earlier. The three great Jewish feasts are given in heavy type. HERODIAN FAMILY— THE TWELVE APOSTLES THE HERODIAN FAMILY Antipater, made Procurator of Judea by Julius Caesar. in. Cvpros, an Arabian. Died 43 B.C. I Phasael Joint Tetrarchof Judea with Herod, 41 B.C. Married: (i) Doris. (2) Mariamne Maccabeus. I I HEROD I. "The Great" (i) Joseph made King by the Romans 40 B.C. Sole King of Judea 37 B.C. Died 4 B.C. Pheroras (3) Mariamne, d. of Simon. (4)MaIthace, a Samaritan. I Salome I Bernice m. Aristobulus, son of Herod I. (s) Cleopatra others. I Antipater Put to death by his fa- ther 4 B.C. I Aristobulus m. Bernice, dau. of Salome, sis- ter of Herod I. Put to death by his father 6 B.C. I Philip Boetus (2) m. Herodias. Lived in private. I Salome (6) m.(i) H.Philip II. (2) Aristobulus, of Chalsis [See Herodias (8).] HEROD ANTIPAS (3) ARCHELAUS (4) HEROD PHILIP 11. (.5) 'The Tetrarch" of Galilee, m. (i) dau. of Aretas. (2) Herodias, wife of his bro. Philip. Banished 40 A.D. Beheaded the Baptist. At trial of Jesus. Ethnarch of Ju- Tetrarch of Iturea. dea, Idumeaand etc., Samaria 4 B.C. m. Salome, dau. of Banished 6 A.D. Herodias and Phil- ip Boetus. Died 34 A.D. I Herod, King of Chalcis m. (i) Mariamne. (2) Bernice. I Aristobulus n. Salome, dau. of Herodias and Philip Boetus. HEROD AGRIPPA i. (7) Succeeded to Tetrarchy of H . Philip II . 37 A.D. and of Herod Antipas 40 A.D. Judea and Samaria were added 41 A.D. Died 44 A.D. m. Cypros, grandd. of Phasael. Killed James, brother of John. Died eaten of worms. I Herodias (8) (i) Philip Boetus, whom she left for (2) Herod Antipas. HEROD AGRIPPA II. (9) King of Chalcis, 48 to S3 A.D. Succeeded to Tetrarchv of H. Philip II. S3 to 70 A.D. Heard Paul's defence. Last Herodian Prince. Alter fall of Jerusalem (70 A.D.) he retired to Rome, where he died 100 A.D. I Bernice do) (i) Marcus, son of Alexander, the alabarch. (2) Herod, King of Chalsis (her uncle). (3) Polemon, King of Cilicia. I Drusilla (11) Felix. Governor of Judea, before whom Paul made defence. (Felix was succeeded by Festus 60 A.D.) SCRIPTURE REFERENCES TO THE HERODIAN FAMILY. the New Testament, and are indicated by number Eleven members of the Herodian family are mentioned in the above table. The Scripture references are as follows (i) Herod I. Matt. 2 : 1-3, 7 (2) Philip Boetus. Matt. 14 3 : 19 (as brother). (3) Herod Antipas. Matt. 14 16-22, 23-27; Luke 2 23 : 7-12, is; Acts 4 : 2 (4) .-^rchelaus. Matt. 2 : 22. (5) Herod Philip II. Luke 3 3, 12-19, 22; Luke I : S- 3; Mark 6 : 17; Luke I, 3, 6, 9; Mark 6 : 14, 1-19; 8:3; 9:7, 9; ; 13 : I. (6) Salome. Matt. 14 : 6ff.; Mark 6 : 22fT. (as dau. of Herodias). (7) Herod Agrippa I. Acts 12. (8) Herodias. Matt. 14 : 3, 6ff.; Mark 6 : 17, I9, 22ff. (9) Herod Agrippa II. Acts 25 : I3ff.; 26 : i. (10) Bernice. Acts 25 : 13. 23; 26 : 30. (11) Drusilla. Acts 24 : 24. THE TWELVE APOSTLES Name Surname Parents Writings Field of Labor, etc. Peter, Cephas 'i I and 2 Peter > Jonah Rome (?). 2. Andrew Missionary — Greece, Asia Minor, Scythia. 4- John 5. James, the Less. 6. JUDE (Boanerges, or | I iiebedee anrj j Sons of Thunder 1 Salome h Alphaeus Thaddaeus or j > (or Cleophas?) Gospel, 3 Epistles, Revelation Epistle (?) Epistle Antipas. Banished Patmos, Ephesus. Died aged. Palestine, Egypt. Bishop at Jeru- salem (?). Lebbaeus ) and Mary Assyria and Persia (?). 9. Matthew Levi Alphaeus Gospel Ethiopia (?). 10. Thomas Syria, Persia and India (?). The Cananaean or DICTIONARY 33 DICTIONARY OF THE PRINCIPAL NAMES FOUND IN THP: GOSPELS Key to Pronunciation and Auureviations: — a as in mate, a as in mat, e as in mete, e as in met, J as in pine, i as in pin, 6 as in note, 6 as in not, u as in mute, u as in but. O. T., Old Testament; N. T., New Testament; A. V., Authorized Version; R. V., Revised Version; q.v. (quod vide), which see. Abba, ib'-ba, father. An invocation of God. Mk. 14 : 36; Rom. 8 : 15; Gal. 4 : 6. Abia, a-bi'-a, The Lord is my Father. The eighth of the twenty-four courses of priests. Lu. I : 5 (see i Chron. 24 : 10, where the name is spelled Abijah). Aceldama, a-sel'-da-ma, the field of blood. The potter's field near Jerusalem bought with the money which had been paid to Judas for betraying Jesus. Matt. 27 : 7. JExos, e'-non, springs. Jo. 3 : 23. Alabaster. A fine carbonate of lime taking a high polish and used by Orientals in making vases or bo.ves for ointments. Matt. 26:7; Mk. 14:3; Lu. 7 :37. Alph.^us, al-fe'-iis, successor, (i) Father of Matthew or Levi. Mk. 2 : 14. (2) Father of the Apostle James. Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3:18; Lu. 6:15. (By some considered identical with Cleophas (q.v.). Jo. 19 : 25.) Anise, an'-Is. A small umbelliferous plant producing an aromatic fruit used in medicine and in cooking. Sometimes called Dill. Matt. 23 : 23. Anna, grace. A prophetess at Jerusalem. Lu. 2 : 36. Annas, an'-nas, humble. Greek form of Hananiah. High-priest from A.D. 7 to 23. Lu. 3 : 2. Succeeded by his son-in-law, Caiaphas, A.D. 25. Jo. 18 : 13. Apostle, a-p6s'-l, one who is setit. The specific name given to "the twelve" disciples. Matt. ID; Mk. 16 : 20; Jo. 16 : 13 (see names on p. 32). Used also with a wider meaning, when given to any one commissioned to preach the gospel. I Cor. 9:1, 2; 12:18; Eph. 4:11. Archelaus, ar-ke-la'-us, prince of the people. A son of Herod the Great. Matt. 2 : 22 (see Herodian Family, p. 32). Arimath^a, ar-im-a-the'-a. The same as Ramah. A town of Judea. Matt. 27 : 57; Mk. 15 : 43; Lu. 23 : 51; Jo. 19 : 38. Augustus, aw-gus'-tus, renowned. The first Roman emperor, B.C. 30 to A.D. 14. Lu. 2 : I. Barabbas, bahr-ab'-as, son of Abba or Father. The robber released instead of Jesus. Matt. 27:16; Mk. 15:6, 7; Lu. 23:18; Jo. i8 : 40. Bar-jona, bahr-jo'-na, sort of Jona. Simon, also called Peter. Matt. 16:17 (see Peter). Bartholomew, bahr-thol'-o-mu, son of Tolmai. A native of Cana. One of the twelve apostles. Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3:18; Lu. 6 : 14. Also called Nathanael iq.v.). Jo. I : 45- BartiM/Eus, bahr-ti-me'-iis, son of Timceus. A beggar cured of blindness near Jericho. Mk. 10 : 46. Beelzebub, be-^l'-ze-bub, lord of the fly. Perhaps more correctly, Beelzebul, the prince or lord of filth. In the N. T., a name of contempt given to Satan, the prince of the demons, or false gods. Matt. 10 : 25; 12 : 24; Mk. 3 : 22; Lu. 11 : 15. Bethlehem, beth'-le-hem, house of bread. A town five miles S. of Jerusalem. Originally called Ephrath, Gen. 35 : 19, and Ephratah, Micah 5 : 2. Home of Naomi and Ruth, Ruth 1:1, 2, 22; birthplace of David, I Sam. 17 : 12; birthplace of Christ, Matt. 2:1,2. Bethph.\ge, beth'-fa-ge, house of unripe figs. A place on the Mount of Olives near Bethany. Matt. 22 : I ; Mk. 11 : i ; Lu. 19 : 29. Bethsaida, beth-sa'-i-da, house of fishing. The name probably of two towns on northern shore of Sea of Galilee, and possibly separated only by the Jordan River. Birthplace of Peter, Andrew and Philip. Matt. 11:21; Jo. I : 44, 12 : 21. Blind man cured there. Mk. 8 : 22. Christ feeds the five thousand there, east of the Jordan. Mk. 6:31-53, Lu. 9 : 10-17. Condemned for unbelief. Matt. II : 21. Blasphemy, blas'-fe-me. Original meaning, to speak insultingly, but in the Bible it also specifically means to speak irreverently of God or sacred things. Punished by stoning. Lev. 24:11-14. Christ accused of. Matt. 9:3; 26:65; Mk. 2:7; Lu. 5:21; Jo. 10:33. Against Holy Ghost. Matt. 12:31; Mk. 3 : 28; Lu. 12 : 10. Boanerges, bo-an-er'-ges, sons of thunder. A surname given by Christ to James and John. Mk. 3 : 17. C^SAR, se'-zar. An official title of the early Roman emperors. Matt. 22 : 17. The em- peror Augustus is meant in Lu. 2:1, and Tiberius in Lu. 3:1. C^sarea Philippi, se-za-re'-a fl-lip'-i. The name given by Philip the tctrarch to Paneas, a town at the foot of Mt. Hermon, the probable "high mountain" of the Trans- figuration. Matt. 16 : 13; 17 : i-io; Mk. 8:27. Calvary, the place of a skull. The place of the Crucifixion of our Lord, now generally located north of Jerusalem, not far from the Damascus gate. Lu. 23 : 33 (see Golgotha). Cana, ka'-na, place of reeds. A town of which the exact site is unknown, but supposed to be about 8 miles N. of Nazareth. Christ turns water into wine at marriage feast, Jo. 2 : i-ll; heals while there the son of a 34 DICTIONARY nobleman in Capernaum, Jo. 4:46, 47. Home of Nathanael (Bartholomew). Jo. 21 : 2. Canaanite, ka'-na-an-Ite. In R. V. Cana- N.EAN. Specifically Simon Zelotes, one of "the twelve" (see Zealots). Capernaum, ka-per'-na-um, village of Nahum, or of consolation. A city on the N. W. shore of the Sea of Galilee. The site sup- posed to be the present ruins of Tell Hum. Principal residence of Christ and His apostles during His Galilean ministry, Matt. 4 : 13; 9:1; Jo. 2 : 12; miracles performed there, Matt. 8:5; 17:24; Jo. 4:46; 6:17; Parables spoken there. Matt. 13 : 18-24; Mk. 4. Condemned by Christ for impeni- tence. Matt. II : 23; Lu. 10 : 15. Cedron, se'-dron, or ke'-dron. A ravine below the eastern wall of Jerusalem, dry in summer. Jo. 18 : i (see Kidron, the spelling of R. V.). Centuriox, sen-tu'-ri-6n. A Roman officer commanding a hundred soldiers, (i) Ser- vant of, healed. Matt. 8; Lu. 7. (2) Acknowledges Christ at Crucifixion. Matt. 27 :54; Mk. 15:39; Lu. 23 -.47. Cephas, se'-fas, a stoyie. A name of Peter. Jo. I :42 (see Peter). Chorazin, ko-ra'-zin, secret. A town about two miles N. of Capernaum. Matt. 11 : 21; Lu. 10 : 13. Chuza, chu'-za. A steward of Herod. Lu. 8 : 3; 24 : 10. R. V. Chusas. Cleopas, kle'-6-pas. A disciple to whom Christ appeared on the road to Emmaus. Lu. 24 : 18. Cleoph.\s, kle'-6-fas. The husband of Mary. Jo. 19 : 25. Probably the same as pre- ceding (see AlpH/EUS). Comforter. A helper and defender. A name given by Christ to the Holy Spirit. Jo. 14 : 16; 15 : 26; 16 : 7. CoRBAN, kor'-ban, an offering. In the O. T. a name given to anything vowed to God. Lev\ 27; Num. 30. The misuse of the plea is condemned by Christ. Matt. 15 : 3-9; Mk. 7 : II. Crucifixion, fixing to a cross. A mode of capital punishment introduced into Pales- tine by the Romans, who used it only for slaves and the lowest criminals. Among the Israelites, however, from the time of Joshua, malefactors, after being slain, were some- times hanged upon a tree (Josh. 8 : 29). To such burial was denied (Deut. 21 : 22). Therefore Christ's burial was a permitted exception. Matt. 27 : 57-60. Ci.iUT. The ordinary unit of length among the Jews, originally fixed as the distance from the elbow to the end of the middle finger (Deut. 3:11). Under the Roman empire the Jewish cubit was about 21.6 inches. Matt. 6 : 27; Jo. 21 : 8. Cummin, kum'-min. A plant of the parsley family, whose aromatic seeds were used in bread and stewed meats, and also as a medicine. Matt. 23 : 23. CvRENE, sl-re'-ne. A town in northern Africa, in what is now Tripoli. Simon, who was compelled to bear the cross, was of Cyrene. Matt. 27 : 32; Mk. 15 : 21. Cyrenius, sl-re'-ni-iis. A Greek form of the Roman name, Quirinius. The Roman gov- ernor of Syria, B.C. 4 to i and A.D. 6 to 11. Lu. 2 : 2. Dalmanutha, dal-ma-nu'-tha. A town on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee, probably N. of Tiberias. Mk. 8 : 10. Decapolis, de-cap'-6-lis, ten cities. A district east of the Jordan. Matt. 4:25; Mk. 5 :20; 7 :3i. Dedic.\tion, Feast of. This feast com- memorated the purging of the Temple after its defilement by Antiochus Epiphanes. I Mace. 4 : 52-59. It was celebrated on the 25th of Chislev (see Jewish Calendar, p. 31) and lasted eight days. Jo. 10 : 22. Denarius, de-na'-ri-us {ten asses, an as being a Roman bronze coin = a half-penny, or one cent). A Roman silver coin worth about 8K pence, or nearly 17 cents. Translated in A. V. "penny," and in R. V. "shilling." Matt. 18 : 24; 20 : 2. Devil. A contracted form of the Latin diabolus, the Greek (hd,ioAo-, meaning "a malicious accuser." This word is used in the Greek Testament as an equivalent of the Hebrew word "Satan," meaning "adver- sary." DiDYMUS, did'-I-mus, a twin. The surname of Thomas, one of the apostles. Jo. 11 : 16; 20 : 24; 21 : 2. Disciple, learner. A name given to the followers of John the Baptist, Matt. 9 : 14; and of Christ, Matt, xo : 24. It was also applied specifically to "the twelve." Matt. 10 : i; II : i; 20 : 17. Eli, e'-li, my God, la'-ma, why, sa-bach-tha'-nI, hast Thou forsaken me? Our Lord's cry upon the cross. Matt. 27 : 46; Mk. 15 : 34 (Ps. 22 : i). Eli 1 AH, e-ll'-jah, Jehovah is God. The prophet, called Elias in A. V. Matt. 17 : 3; Lu. 9 : 28-35. Emmanuel. R. V. Immanuel {q.v.). Emmaus, em-ma'-us, hot springs. A village about 7 miles W. of Jerusalem. Lu. 24 : 15. Es.\ias, e-za'-as. N. T. form in A. V. of Isaiah. Matt. 3 : 3. EssENES, es-senz'. The smallest of the three religious sects of the Jews, — the other two being the Pharisees and the Sadducees. The Essenes are not mentioned in Scripture, and the origin of their name is uncertain. Ascetic and monastic in their practice, they were pledged by solemn oaths to justice, obedience, and honesty, under the three rules of "love of God, love of virtue, and love of man." Farthing. Two Roman bronze coins : (i) The Quadrans = yi. farthing or y^ cent. Matt. 5:26; Mk. 12:42. (2) The .455a- rion = yi penny or i cent. Matt. 10 : 29; Lu. 12 : 6. This latter is translated "penny" in R. V. Firkin. A Greek measure equal nearly to 9 gallons. Jo. 2 : 6. Frankincense. A fragrant gum obtained from a tree somewhat like the mountain ash. It forms one of the ingredients of the sacred incense. Matt. 2:11. Gabbatha, gab'-ba-tha, height. The pave- ment on which was placed the judgment scat of Pilate. Jo. 19 : 13. Gabriel, ga'-bri-el, man of God. An arch- angel, and messenger of Jehovah. Lu. i : il, 19, 26, 38 (Dan. 8 : 16; 9 : 21). DICTIONARY 35 Gadara, pad'-a-r5. A city about six miles S. E. of the Sea of Galilct-. The same name was also probably given to the surrounding country (see map). Gadarenes, gad'-a-renes. Inhabitants of Gadara. (R. V.) Matt. 8:28; (A. V.) Mk. 5:1; Lu. 8 : 26 (see Gerasa, Gera- SENES, GERGESENES). Galilee, gal'-I-ie, circuit. The most northern of the three political divisions of Palestine, west of the river Jordan, it e.xtcnded about 60 miles from north to south, and 30 miles from east to west. In Galilee our Lord spent the most of His life, as well as the greater part of His ministry. Galilee, Sea of. An expansion of the Jordan about 13 miles long and 7 miles wide, and 6H2 feet below the level of the Medi- terranean. In the N. T. it is also called "Lake of Gennesarct," Lu. 5 : i, the "Sea of Tiberias," Jo. 6:i; and "the Sea," Matt. 4 : 15. In the O. T. it is known as the "Sea of Chinnereth," Num. 34:11; Josh. 12 : 3. Galileans, gal-i-le'-ans. Natives of Galilee. An industrious and enterprising people, who in matters of religion were much more liberal minded than the more ritualistic inhabitants of Judea. They were looked down upon by the Judeans, on account of their primitive habits and deficiency in education. Lu. 13 : I. Gehenna (see Hinnom). Gennesaret, gen-nes'-a-ret, garden of princes. The plain on the N. W. shore of the Sea of Galilee, lying between Capernaum and Magdala (see map). Matt. 14:34; Mk. 6:53. Gennesaret, Lake of. A name of the Sea of Galilee. Lu. 5:1. Gentiles. A name which includes all peoples who are not Jews. Matt. 10 : 5. Translated "Greeks" in R. V. Jo. 7:35. Conversion predicted. Matt. 8 : 11; 12 : 18; Lu. 2 : 32; Jo. 10 : 16. Gerasa, ger'-a-sa. A city east of the Jordan in Perea, with a large surrounding district which included the small country of Gadara. Gerasenes. In R. V. the inhabitants of Gerasa, and the surrounding country, which included the Gadarenes. Mk. 5:1; Lu. 8 : 26, 37- Gergesenes, ger-ge-zenes, A. V. Matt. 8 : 28, R. V. Gadarenes {q.v.). These names are interchanged in the two versions, as follows: A. V. R. V. Matt. 8 : 28, Gergesenes Gadarenes Mark 5:1, Gadarenes Gerasenes Luke 8 : 26, 37, Gadarenes Gerasenes The name Gerasenes is thus seen to appear in R. V. only. Gethsemane, geth-sem'-a-ne, oil press. The Garden of Gethsemane was at the foot of Olivet, and was reached by crossing the brook Kidron. (R. V. Jo. 18 :i); Matt. 26 : 36; Mk. 14 : 32; Lu. 22 : 39. Golgotha, gol'-go-tha, a skull. The Hebrew name for the place of our Lord's crucifixion, now believed to be the hill north of the city, not far from the Damascus gate. Matt. 27:33; Mk. 15:22; Jo. 14:17. Called also in Latin, Calvary (q.v.), with the same meaning. Lu. 23 : 33. Gomorrah, g6-m6r'-rah, submersion. One of the cities of the plain destroyed by fire from heaven. Gen. 10 : 19. Referred to' by Christ. Matt. 10 : 15; Mk. 6 : 11. Gospel, good tidings or good news. An Anglo- Saxon word. Its Latin equivalent is evan- gelium, hence our words, evangel, evangelist, evangelical. "The Gospels" is a name given to the four books containing the good tidings which Jesus brought to the world from His Father. Mk. I : i. Hades, ha'-dcz. A Greek name for the abode of the dead, and is so rendered in the R. V. In the A. V. it is uniformly translated "hell" (see Hell). Matt. 11:23; 16:18; Lu. 10 : 15; 16 : 23. Heathen, dwellers on the heath, or in the country. A name given to all peoples not Jews. In R. V. the rendering is "Gentiles." Matt. 6:7; 18:17. Gospel preached to, Matt. 24 : 14; 28 : 19. Heaven. A place heaved, or lifted up: (i) The firmament. Matt. 5 : 18. (2) Dwelling place of God. Matt. 5:45; 6:9; Mk. 13 : 32. Hebrews. The descendants of Abraham. The name is derived from Eber, or Heber (Gen. 11:14), a progenitor of Abraham who came to be called Abram the Hebrew (Gen. 14 : 13). After the captivity the name Jew, from Judean, or native of Judea, came more commonly in use. Hell, concealed. The translation in A. V. of N. T. of the Greek word Hades, its Hebrew equivalent Sheol, and also of Gehenna {q.v.), which indicated a place of perpetual burning or torment. The R. V. retains the words Hades and Gehenna, thus making a dis- cinction : (i) Hades, Matt. 11:23; l6 : 18; Lu. 10:15; 16:23. (2) Gehenna, Matt. 5 : 22; 5 : 29, 30; 10 : 28; Mk. 9 : 47; 23 : 15; 23 :33; Lu. 12 : 5; 18 : 9. Herod (see Herodian Family, p. 32). Herodians, he-ro'-di-ans. A political party of the Jews who desired a restored Judean kingdom under the Herodian family. While in principle opposed to the Pharisees, they were allied with them in opposition to Christ. Matt. 22:16; Mk. 3:6; 8:15; 12 : 13. Herodias, he-ro'-di-as. Matt. 14 : 3; Mk. 6 : 17; Lu. 3 : 19 (see Herodian Family, p. 32). Hinnom, hin'-nom, wailing. A valley south of Jerusalem, the early scene of the worship of Moloch. It became a place where refuse was burned. The fires were constantly burning, and thus became a type of eternal torment. The Hebrew name is Gc-hinnom, or place of Hinnom, whence Gehenna. The Gehenna of fire, Matt. 5 : 22 (R. V. marg.). Hosanna. An exclamation of praise to God. Matt. 21:9; Mk. 11:9; Jo. 12:13. Greek, hosanna; Hebrew, hoshi'ah nna, mean- ing, save, I pray. Hypocrite, hip'-6-krit. One who pretends to be what he is not. Matt. 6:2, 5, 16; 7 : 5; Mk. 7 : 6; Lu. 6 :42; 11 : 44; 12 : 56; 13:15; 15:7; 16:3; 22:18; 23:13; 24:51- Idumea, i-doo-me'-a, also Idum.ea. The Greek name for Edom. The country lying south of Judea. Mk. 3 : 8. Immanuel, im-man'-u-el, God with Jis. The 36 DICTIONARY Messiah of Prophecy, Isa. 7:14; 8:8; and as manifested, Matt, i : 23. A. V. Emmanuel. IscARiOT, is-kar'-i-6t. The man of Kerioth (9.1^.), Judas. Matt. 10:4; 26:21; 27:5; Mk. 3 : 19; 14 : 18; Lu. 22 : 47; Jo. 18 : 3. Itur.«a, i-tu-re'-a. A province N. W. of Palestine, named from Jetur. Gen. 25 : 15; I Chr. I : 31; Lu. 3:1. J.\iRus, ja-I'-rus. Greek form of Jair, God enlightens. The ruler of a synagogue whose daughter Jesus raised. Matt. 9 : 18; Mk. 5 : 22; Lu. 8 : 41. J.\MEs. English form of Jacob. Four persons bearing this name seem to be mentioned in the N. T. : (i) The Apostle, son of Zebedee and brother of John. Matt. 4 : 21; 10:2; 17:1; 26:37; Mk. 1:19; 3:14; 9:2; 14:23; Lu. 5:10; 6:13; 9:28; Slain by Herod, Acts 12:2. (2) The Apostle, son of Alphaeus. Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3 : 18; Lu. 6 : 15; Acts i : 13. (3) The son of Marv, wife of Cleophas. Matt. 15:40; 27:56'(cf. Jo. 19:25). (4) The Lord's brother. Matt. 13:55; Mk. 6:3; Acts 12 : 17; 15 : 13; 21 : 18-25; also I Cor. 15 : 7; Gal. i : 18, 19; 2 : i-io. Jericho, jer'-i-ko. An ancient city 15 miles east of Jerusalem, and 5 miles west of the Jordan River. Matt. 20 : 29; Mk. 10 : 46. Jerusalem, city of Salem, or city of peace. The religious capital of Palestine. Jesus. A Greek form of Joshua, Jehovah is salvation. Matt, i : 21 (see Christ). Jews. The inhabitants of Judea. Originally called Israelites. 2 Ki. 16 : 6. Joanna, given by Jehovah. Greek form of Jehonan. (i) Ancestor of Christ. Lu. 3 : 27. (2) Wife of Chuza (R. V. Chusas). Lu. 8 : 2, 3; 24 : 10. John. Contraction of Johanan; (i) The Bap- tist, son of Zacharias, beheaded by Herod Antipas. (2) The Apostle, son of Zebedee, and brother of James {(j.v.). A fisherman of Galilee; called. Matt. 4:21; Mk. i : 19; Lu. 5 : 10; ordained to apostolate, Matt. 10:2; Mk. 3:7. Wrote three Epistles and the Revelation. JONA. The same as Jonah, or Jonas. Father of Peter. Matt. 16 : 17; Jo. i : 42. Jonas. N. T. Greek form of Jonah. The O. T. prophet. Matt. 39; Lu. 11 : 30. Rendered "Jonah" in R. V. Jordan, the descender. The sacred river of Palestine. Measuring all its windings, its length from the Sea of Galilee to the Dead Sea into which it flows is about 200, although the direct distance is only 65 miles. Joseph, he shall increase, (i) A carpenter of Nazareth, son of Heli, and husband of the Virgin. Matt. 1:19; 2:13; 19:55; I-u- I :27; 2:4; 3 :23; Jo. i : 45- (2) Of Arimathea, a member of the Sanhedrin. Matt. 27:57; Mk. 15:42; Lu. 23:50; Jo. 19 : 38. Judas. Greek form of Judah. (i) Jude, also called Lebbaeus, and Thaddaeus. An Apostle, and the brother of James. Wrote the Epistle of Jude. Called Thaddaeus, Matt. 10 : 3 ; Mk. 3 : 18 ; called Judas, Lu. 6:16; Jo. 14:22. (2) The Lord's brother. Matt. 13 : 55; Mk. 6 : 3. (3) Iscariot, the traitor. Matt. 10:4; Mk. 3:19; Lu. 6 : 16; Jo. 6:71; 12:6; 13 : 29. ' Jude (see Judas). I Judea, also Jud^a. The Land of Judah. I Matt. 19 : i; Mk. 10 : i. I Kedron (see Kidron). Kerioth, ker'-i-6th, cities. A city of Judah. i Josh. 15:25; Jer. 48:24, 41. The home I of Judas Iscariot, i.e., Judas of Kerioth. I^dron, ke'-dron, or kid'-ron, black. Spelling in R. V. (see Cedron). Lazarus, laz'-a-rus, God has helped. Greek form of Eleazar. (i) The beggar in the parable, Lu. 16 : 19-31. (2) Brother of Mary and Martha, Jo. ii; 12 : i. Lebb.eus, leb-be'-us, brave. A name of the apostle Jude or Judas, also called Thaddaeus (see Judas). Levi. In N. T., (i) The name of two of Christ's ancestors, Lu. 3 : 24. (2) A name of Matthew, the apostle (q.v.). Matt. 9 :g; Mk. 2 : 14; Lu. 5 : 27, 29. Levite. In the parable (Lu. 10 : 32) this name refers to one of the priestly descend- ants of Aaron, of the tribe of Levi. Luke. A physician, and companion of Paul. Col. 4 : 14; 2 Tim. 4:11, also author of the third Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles. Lysanias, li-sa'-ni-as. Tetrarch of Abilene. Lu. 3:1. Magi, ma'-ji. A religious caste in Media and Persia, consisting of men learned in philoso- phy and science, who frequently were royal advisers. Matt. 2:1-11 (see Jer. 39 : 3). Mammon, what is hidden. A word used by Christ for riches. Matt. 6 : 24; Lu. 16:9. Mark, English form of the Latin Marcus. John Mark, an evangelist, Acts 12 : 12; companion of Paul, Acts 12:25; I3 : 5; Col. 4 : 10; leaves Paul at Perga, Acts 13 : 13; source of contention, Acts 15:37; approved by Paul, 2 Tim. 4:11. Author of the second Gospel. (See i Pet. 5 : 13.) M.\rtha, a lady. The sister of Lazarus and Mary. Lu. 10 : 38; Jo. 11 : 5, 21. Mary, Greek form of Miriam, rebellion. In the Gospels four Marys seem to be men- tioned : (i) The mother of Jesus, Matt. I : 18; 12:46; Mk. 6:3; Lu. 8 : 19; Jo. 2:1-5; 19:26. (2) Wife of Cleophas, Matt. 27 : 56, 61; 28 : 1-9; Mk. 16 : 1-8; Lu. 24 : i-io. (3) Sister of Lazarus, Lu. 10:41, 42; Jo. 11:5, 33; 12:3; Matt. 26:6; Mk. 14:3. (4) Mary Magdalene, mag'-da-len, i.e., of Magdala, Lu. 8:2; Matt. 27:56; 28:1; Mk. 15:40; 16: I; Lu. 24 : 10; Jo. 19 : 25; 20 : I. Matthew, math'-u. English form of Mat- thias, or Mattathias. .'\lso called Levi, Lu. 5 : 27. A tax-gatherer (publican), called to be an apostle. Matt. 9:9; 10 : 3; Mk. 2:14; 3:18; Lu. 5:27; 6:15. Author of the first Gospel. Messiah. A Hebrew name meaning anointed. It is equivalent to the Greek Kristos, Christ, the name generally used in the Gospels. Messias. a Greek form of Messiah, used in A. V. Jo. I : 41; 4 : 25. Mint. An aromatic herb, of which several species grow in Palestine. Matt. 23:23; Lu. II : 42. Miracle. A supernatural event. "An event in the natural world, but out of its estab- lished order, and possible only by the DICTIONARY 37 intervention and exertion of Divine power." — Stand. Die t. Latin, miraculum, a wonder. This word in the R. V. is almost uniformly translated "sign," especially in the Gospel by John, who places emphasis upon the ■'mighty works" performed by Jesus as an unquestionable evidence of His Messiahship. Mite. The smalles. N. T. coin = >4 farthing, or ^ of a cent. Used (or alms to beggars, and hence called "beggars' money." Mk. 12 : 42; Lu. 12 : 51); 21 : 2. Money Ch.anc.ers. Those who supplied Hebrew money, required for the temple offerings, in exchange for the coin of other countries. The business was a necessity, because many foreign coins were in circula- tion, and a multitude of those who made the offerings came from foreign countries. But the establishment of the business within the Temple and the exorbitant premium of : 13-15)- MvRRH. An aromatic gum resm which exudes from a small tree in many Eastern countries. Matt. 2:11; Mk. 15:23; Jo. 19 : 39- N.WMAN, na'-a-man. A Syrian general who was healed of leprosy by Elisha. 2 Ki. 5. Referred to by Christ. Lu. 4 : 27. Naix, na'-in. A village of Galilee, about 7 miles S. W. of Nazareth. Lu. 7:11. Nathanaei., na-than'-a-el, God gave. A native of Cana in Galilee, called to be an apostle. Jo. I : 45 ff.; 21 : 2. Also called Bartholo- mew {q.v.). Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3:18; Lu. 6 : 14. Na'.arene, nilz-a-ren'. An inhabitant of Nazareth. A name given to Jesus and His followers. Matt. 2 : 23; 21 : ii; Lu. i : 26; 2:39,51; 4:16; Jo. 1:45; 18:5; Acts 2 :22; 3:6. Nazareth, naz-a-reth, branch. A town of Galilee, for 28 years the home of our Lord. Lu. 2 :4, 39, 51. NiconEMUS, nik-6-de'-mus. A pharisee, and member of the Sanhedrin. Jo. 3 : i-io; 7 : 50; 19 : 39- Olives, Mount of, or Olivet. A low moun- tain cast of Jerusalem from which it is separated by the ravine of the Kidron. Matt. 24 : I ; 24 : 3. Palestine, pal'-es-tln (Joel 3:4), or Pales- TiNA {V-.\. 15:14; Isa. 14:29, 31). In R. V. both names are rendered Philistia. The land of the Philistines. Early in the Christian era the name came to be applied to the entire Holy Land. Parahi.e. .\ short religious allegory, much used in Oriental teaching (see List of Para- bles of Christ). Paradise, a park, or pleasure ground. In N. T. it is the place where the souls of the righteous dead await the resurrection; heaven. Lu. 23 : 43- Passover, a passing over. One of the three great Jewish feasts commemorating the night when the Destroying Angel, smiting the Egyptian first-born, "passed over" the dwellings of the Israelites (Ex. 12). Called also the "Feast of Unleavened Bread," and lasted from the 14th to the 21st of the month Nisan (sec Jewish Calendar, p. 31). Matt. 26:19; Mk. 14:12; Lu. 22:7; Jo. 2 : 13; 5:1: 13- Pavement, o beaten floor. Jo. 19 : 13 (see Gabbatha). Penny. The Roman silver denarius, equiva- lent to the Greek silver drachma, and worth 8K pence, or about 16 cents. Pentecost, pen'-te-c6st, fiftieth. A Jewish harvest festival celebrated fifty days after the Passover, counting seven full weeks from the i6th of Nisan. It is calli-rl the "Feast of Weeks" (Ex. 34:22) and the "Feast of Harvest" (Ex. 23:16). It lasted but one day. Our Lord's ascension took place forty days after the Passover, and therefore ten days before the succeeding Pentecost. Acts 2 : i (see Jewish Calendar, p. 31). Peter, a stone. A fisherman of Capernaum, called to be an apostle. Matt. 4 : 18; Mk. I : 16; Lu. 5 : i-ii. Originally called Simon, Jo. I :4i; a son of Jonas, Jo. i : 42 (see Cephas). Pharisees, fair'-i-sez, separated ones. An exclusive religious sect of the Jews, who gave scrupulous adherence to the letter of the law, to tradition, and to external ceremonies. They were forinalists who missed the true spirit of the law. In N. T. times they formed an association of about 6,000 mem- bers. Prominent Pharisees named are, Nicodemus, Jo. 3 : I; Simon, Lu. 7; Gama- liel, Acts 5 : 34; Saul of Tarsus, Acts 23 : 6. Denounced by Christ, Matt. 5 : 20; 16 : 6; 21 :43; 23 : 13; Lu. 11 : 42. Philip, lover of horses, (i) A resident of Bethsaida, called .to be an Apostle. Matt. 10 : 3; Mk. 3 : 18; Lu. 6 : 14; Jo. 6 : 5-9. (2) Herod Philip, half-brother of Herod Antipas, tetrarch of Trachonitis. Lu. 3:1. (3) Philip, half-brother of Herod Philip above, first husband of Herodias. Matt. 14 : 3; Mk. 6 : 17; Lu. i : 19 (see Herodian Family, p. 32). PiL.\TE, Pontius, pon'-tius. Fifth Roman procurator of Judea, A.D. 26 to 36. Lu. 3:1. Delivers Christ to be crucified. Matt. 27:26; Mk. 15:15; Lu- 23:24, 25; Jo. 19 : 16. Pr/ETORIUM, pre-tor'-I-um. The headquarters of a Roman governor, used as a judgment hall. Matt. 27 : 27; Mk. 15 : 16; Jo. 18 : 28. Procurator, prok'-u-ra-tor. A Roman pro- vincial governor, appointed by the emperor. Prophet, one who speaks forth. One who proclaims the message given to him through Divine inspiration. In the N. T. Christ, who came to reveal the Father, is the pre- eminent prophet, Lu. 7 : 16; 24 : 19; Jo. 4:19; 7:40. John the Baptist called a prophet, Lu. i : 76; 7 : 28. Prose', yte, pros'-e-llt, a new-comer. In N. T. a Gentile converted to Judaism. Matt. 23 : 15- Publican, servant of the people. A tax-gatherer of the civil power, and one universally despised by the Jews. Matt. 5 : 4^; 9 : "; 11:19; 18:17; Lu. 3 : 12; 5:27; 7:29; 15 : l; 19 :2. Purification. A ritualistic form of cleansing practiced by the Jews (see Lev. 14 : 4-32). Mk. 7 :3. 4; Jo- II :55- PuRi.M, lots. A Jewish feast commemorating the pre? ervation of the Jews in Persia from 38 DICTIONARY the plot of Hainan. So called from the lots cast by Haman (Est. 4 : 16). The feast lasted two days, beginning on the 14th day of Adar, the 12th month (see Jewish Calendar, P-30- Rabbi, rab'-bl, master, teacher. A title of respect given by the Jews to their religious teachers and priests. Applied to Christ, Matt. 23 : 7; Mk. 9:5; Jo. i : 38; 3 : 2. Rabboni, rab-bo'-ni, my master. The title used by Mary. Jo. 20 : 16. Raca, ra'-ka, worthless fellow. A Hebrew term of reproach. Matt. 5 : 22. Rama, ra'-ma. Greek form of Ramah. A city near Jerusalem. Matt. 2 : 18 (see Jer. .31 : 15)- Sabbath, rest, cessation. The day of rest, and one to be kept holy (see Gen. 2 : 2, 3). Christ, the Lord of, Mk. 2 : 27; Lu. 6 : 5. Sadducees, sad'-du-sez. A Jewish religious sect opposed to the Pharisees. They denied the doctrine of the resurrection, believing in "neither angel nor spirit"; rejected all doctrines not traced to Moses, and therefore denied the authority of the later O. T. books. Their opposition to Christ and Christianity was as pronounced as that of the Pharisees. Matt. 16 :i; 22:23; Mk. 12:18; Lu. 20 : 27. Salim, peace. Greek form of Salem. A place near JEnon. Jo. 3 : 23. SjVLOme, sa-lo-me, perfect, (i) Wife of Zebe- dee. Matt. 15:40; 16 :i; also Matt. 20: 20-22; 27:56. (2) Daughter of Herodias, Matt. 14:6; Mk. 6:22 (see Herodian Family, p. 32). Samaria. A province of Palestine between Judea and Galilee. The name also of its chief city, Lu. 17 : II; Jo. 4 : 1-42. Samaritans. The inhabitants of Samaria, a mixed and semi-heathen race originating from the admixture with the Assyrian colonists planted there after the fall of the kingdom of Israel (2 Ki. 17 : 24-34). They built a temple on Mt. Gerizim, as the Jews after their return from the Captivity refused an alliance with them. Their mixed nation- ality and corrupt religious customs brought upon them the contempt of the Jews. Matt. 10:5; Jo. 4:9-26; 8:48. Luke makes special mention of our Lord's good-will toward these people. Lu. 9:52; 10:33; 17 : II, 16. Sanhedrin, san'-he-drin, a sitting together. Also Sanhedrim. The supreme council of the Jews which held chief authority "in all causes and over all persons ecclesiastical and civil." It consisted of 72 priests, scribes, and elders of an equal number each, presided over by the high priest. It might adjudge a person "worthy of death," but to condemn to death was a power vested solely in the Roman governor. Matt. 5 : 22; Mk. 14 : 55; Jo. 11 : 47. Satan, adversary. In the N. T. the chief of the evil spirits; the devil. Called also "the prince of this world." Matt. 12:26; Mk. 3:23; 8:33; Lu. 4:8; 10:18; II : 18. Scorpion. An insect shaped like a lobster, with a venomous sting. Ten species are found in Palestine. Lu. II : 12. Scourging. A punishment common among the Jews. Not more than forty blows could be inflicted with the whip, which had three lashes of cord or leather. Matt. 10 : 17; 23 : 34; 27 : 26; Lu. 23 : 16; Jo. 2 : 15. Scribe. One of a Jewish class, whose duty was "to guard, transcribe, and interpret the Scriptures." Censured by Christ. Matt. 15 : 3; 23 : 2; Mk. 2 : 16; 3 : 22; Lu. 11 : 15. 53; 20 : I. They conspire against Christ. Mk. 11 : 18; Lu. 20:19; 22:2; 23 : 10. Shechem, she'-kem. A city about 35 miles north of Jerusalem, on the side of Mt. Gerizim. After the Captivity it became a centre of Samaritan worship. Jo. 4 : 5, 39-42. Also written Sichem and Sycheni. Shewbread. Twelve loaves of newly baked unleavened bread which were placed every Sabbath on the table in the sanctuary. Matt. 12 : 3, 4. Siloam, sl-l6'-am, sent, (i) A pool under the S. E. wall of Jerusalem. Jo. 9:7-11. (2) A tower which in falling killed 18 men. Its location is unknown. Lu. 13 : 4. Simeon. An aged and pious Jew who wel- comed and blessed the child Jesus in the temple. Lu. 2 : 25-35. . Simon. The same as Simeon, (i) A name of Peter, Matt. 4 : 18. (2) Simon Zelotes, or the Canaanite, one of the twelve. Matt. 10:4; Mk. 3:18; Lu. 6:15. (3) The Pharisee, Lu. 7 : 36. (4) The leper, Matt. 26 : 6; Mk. 14 : 3. (5) The Cyrenian, Matt. 27:32; Mk. 15:21; Lu. 23 : 26. (6) The brother of Christ, Matt. 13 : 55;_ Mk. 6 : 3. Sodom. One of the cities of the plain destroyed by fire from heaven (see Gen. 10 : 19). Re- ferred to by Christ. Matt. 10 : 15; 11 : 23. Solomon's Porch. The space within the colonnade on the east side of the temple. Jo. 10 : 23. Spikenard. The fragrant and costly ointment or nard made from an East Indian plant. It was worth from 25 to 400 denarii ($4 to $65) a pound. Matt. 14 : 3; Lu. 7 : 37; Jo. 12 :3. Susanna, a lily. One of the women who ministered to our Lord. Lu. 8 : 3. Sycomore, sik-6-more. A timber tree of medium size of the fig species, found in Palestine and Syria. Lu. 19 : 4. Written also Sycamine, Lu. 17:6. Tabernacles, Feast of. One of the three great feasts of the Jews, in commemoration of the former tent life of the Hebrews. It is celebrated from the 15th to the 22d of the month Tisri, and during that time the people dwelt in booths or tents. Jo. 7 : 2, 37, 38. Talent. A Hebrew weight of about 965^ lbs. of silver, worth about £205, or $970. Matt. 18:24. Talitha cumi, tal'-i-tha ku'-ml, girl or maiden arise. Mk. 5 : 41. Tares. A plant resembling wheat while growing, but producing poisonous grains. Matt. 13 : 25-30. Temple, The. The great seat of the worship of Jehovah at Jerusalem. The Temple in the time of Christ was the costly structure of which Herod the Great began the erection in B.C. 17. The name was given to "the whole sacred precincts on Mount Moriah, including the sanctuary and the various DICTIONARY 39 courts." Christ drives out traders, Matt. 21 : 12; Mk. II : 15; Lu. 19 : 45; Jo. 2 : 14. Christ foretells its destruction, Matt. 24 : 2; Mk. 13:2^ Lu. 21 : 6. Christ teaches in, Lu. 21 :37; symbolical of the body of Christ, Jo. 2 : 21. ThadD/EUS, thd(l'-(le-us. (Jreek form of Theu- n.\s. A surname of the apostle Jude, who was also called Lebbaeus. Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3 : 18 (sec Judas). Theophilus, thc-of'-Mus, loved of God. A person otherwise unknown, to whom Luke addressed his Gospel and the "Acts of the Apostles." Lu. 3 : i; Acts i : i. Thomas, a twin, one of the Apostles. Matt. 10:3; Mk. 3 : 18; Lu. 6 : 15; Jo. 11 : 16; 14 : 6. Called also in Cireek Didy.mus, a twin, Jo. 20 : 24. His doubt, Jo. 20 : 25, and confession, Jo. 20 : 27-29. Tiberias, tl-bc'-ri-as. A town on the west shore of the Sea of Galilee or Lake of Gennc- saret. It was built by Herod Antipas and named by him in honor of Tiberius, the Roman emperor. Jo. 6 : 23. It gave to the sea one of its names. Jo. 6 : i; 21 : i. Tiberius, tl-be'-ri-us. The second Roman emperor, succeeding Augustus, A.D. 14, and reigning until A.D. 37. Lu. 3:1; also Lu. 20 : 22-25; 23 : 2; Jo. 19 : 12. Trachonitis, trak-6-ni'-tis, rugged country. A Roman province lying east of the Upper Jordan and south of Damascus. Lu. 3:1. Treasury, the. Gift, or "alms-boxes with trumpet-shaped openings," placed in the Court of the Women, in the Temple, to receive the offerings of the people. Mk. 12:41; Lu. 21 :i; Jo. 8 : 20 (see Matt. 27:6). Watch. In the N. T. the night was divided by the Jews into four watches: First Watch, evening, from 6 to 9 P.M. Second Watch, midnight, from 9 to 12 P.M. Third Watch, cock-crow, from 12 to 3 A.M. Fourth Watch, morning, from 3 to 6 A.M. ZACCH.4ii;s, zak-ke'-us. A rich publican of Jericho who entertained Jesus. Lu. 19 : i-io. Zacharias, zak-ii-ri'-as. Greek form of Zacha- riah. (i) A priest of the course of Abia, father of John the Baptist. Lu. i : 5-25, 57-80. (2) Son of Barachias, who was slain between the temple and the altar. Matt. 23:35; Lu. II :5i. R. V., Zacha- riah. Zealots. A Jewish political party opposed to Herod and the Roman rule. Flourished between A.D. 6 and 70, disappearing with the destruction of Jerusalem. Simon Zelotes, {q.v.), one of the apostles, seems to have belonged to this party. Zebedee, zeb'-e-de. Greek form of Zebadiah. The husband of Salome, and father of James and John. Resided at or near Bethsaida. Matt. 4:21; 27:56; Mk. 1:19, 20; 15 :40. Zelotes, ze-l6'-tes, a zealot. A name given to Simon the apostle, probably to distinguish him from Simon Peter, and possibly indi- cating at the same time his connection with the Zealots. ZiON, sunny. The most southern and highest hill of Jerusalem, captured by David from the Jebusites and fortified 'by him. Called "the City of David." In the O. T. the name came to be used with a sacred meaning, signifying a holy place, and also God's chosen people, in N. T. (Heb. 12 : 22) it is used to represent the Christian Church. In A. V. of N. T., SiON. ZiON, Daughters of. The inhabitants of Zion, both male and female. Matt. 21 : 5; Jo. 12 : 15 (see Isa. 62 : 11); Zech. 9 : 9. 40 SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS SUGGESTIVE QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED FROM THE CHARTS. There is an abundant equipment provided for the Bible Student and Sunday-school Teacher of the present day. The many "helps" and quarterlies, with such weekly messengers as The Sunday School Times, would seem to furnish a complete outfit. It is believed, however, that the place of the present Charts, which introduce a Visible Method of acquiring knowledge and of teaching, will readily be found by the intelligent teacher. This method is now no experiment among later educational devices, and there seems no reason why it should not be used to advan- tage by the Bible student. A few questions, merely suggestive, and of course far from being exhaustive, are here added to show in briefest manner the character of the information to be gained from the Charts and the service they may be to the lesson in hand. In every instance reference should be made to the corresponding number in the text for fuller details. As an illustration, taking the Healing of the Infirm Man at the Pool of Bethesda (Event No. 45) as the center of our lesson, the Chart shows: (i) the miracle was per- formed at Jerusalem during the second passover of our Lord's ministry, March 30 to April 5, A.D. 28; (2) it formed the first break in the strictly GaUlean Ministry, and that He passed through Samaria in both going up to Jerusalem and in returning; (3) John the Baptist was still a prisoner in the Fortress of Machserus; (4) the miracle preceded and contributed to one of the turning points of our Lord's ministry, as it was performed in the center of Judaism on the Sabbath day, which aroused the first deadly antagonism of the religious leaders of the Jews; (5) this enmity was accentuated through the "Sabbath controversy" which ensued over the two succeeding events, 46 and 47; (6) the consequent change in the method of our Lord's work which led Him to select a band of loyal followers to be constantly with Him, and which marked the beginning of the second part of the Great Galilean Ministry; (7) and that this miracle (45) is recorded in the Gospel by John only, who, we also notice, gives but a meager record of the Ministry in Galilee. Other Suggestive Questions on the Charts. I. Diagram One. 1. Name the Roman Emperor and rulers of Palestine, (i) at the time Christ was born, (2) at the time of His death. Give opening and closing dates in each case. 2. What political changes took place in 1 Palestine upon the death of Herod the ^ Great? Give the names of the suc- cessors of Herod the Great, with their official title. 3. What change was made in the government of Judea and Samaria about A.D. 6? 4. What event occurred in the life of Christ A.D. 9? Who was then procurator of Judea? 5. Name the Palestinian rulers during the Ministry of Christ. 6. In which of the provinces of Palestine did our Lord spend the most of His earthlv life? 7. Trace the relationship of Herod Antipas, Archelaus and Herod Philip II. (see also Hcrodian Family, p. 32). Inci- dentally, what term did Christ apply to the first named of these? (see Luke 13 :3i, 32). II. Large Chart. 8. About what time did Christ begin His Galilean Ministry, and what was the apparent reason for His departure from Judea at that time? What event oc- curred during His journey to Galilee? 9. Which of the Gospels makes but brief reference to the Galilean Ministry, but what event in that Ministry does that Gospel alone record? 10. What was the duration of John the Bap- tist's Ministry, and also of his imprison- ment? 11. Give the approximate date of the first rejection at Nazareth; also of the second. 12. How many times is it recorded that Jesus crossed the Sea of Galilee? What happened during the first crossing? Also during the fourth? 13. Where was Jesus about the time of the passover of His Ministry (A.D. 29)? What great miracle did He then per- form, and what crisis in His life did it mark? (See also Text.) 14. Why is event No. 81 of special significance? (See also Text.) 15. In which of the Gospels are the following incidents recorded: — Miracle at mar- riage, Cana of Galilee; Christ's conversa- tion with the Samaritan woman; healing of demoniac of Gadara; the feeding of the five thousand; healing of daughter of Syrophoenician woman; the Trans- figuration; the feeding of the four thousand; the raising of Lazarus? 16. What two events of the Resurrection Period are located in Galilee, and in which of the Gospels do we find the record? HISTORICAL CHARTS CHART ONE Diagram One. A General View of the Life of Christ Diagram Two. The Passion Week MTof OLIVES AND 6ETHSEMANE JERUSALEM AND THE TEMPLE •S DIAGRAM TWO.a- THE PAS SI BETHANY OUTS IDE THE CITrWALL MATTHEW MARK LUKE JOHN SUN DAY. APRIL 2 ^l^'^T^ ^/yt NOON PM IP^ i: \'Xl<:Rublic Entry \ \Visits^Jemple. 131. 21: l-ll 131. 11:1- 131. l9r27-44. 131. 12:12-19 MONDAY. APRIL 3 T^='%' flM NOOA/ . PM 12'ffarrenfiqfree '-fursed. . / ^^^ 'of 'Temp/ e ^M=miz 132. 21:18.19. 133. 21:12-17 132. II: 12-14 133. 11.15-19 133. 19:45-48 HTHE general explanation as to design and color •*■ found upon the Chart of the Ministry of Christ will apply to Diagrams One and Two. In Diagram One the course of the political his- tory of Palestine is traced from B. C. 9 to A. D. 30; the two political conditions of the country, as divided by the year B. C. 4, are also shown upon the two Key Maps. The life of Christ is also traced here by the waved line. In Diagram Two, in which Judean territory (al- ways red) is chiefly involved, attention is called to the different shades of red, indicating the Temple, Jerusalem, and territory "Outside the City Wall." Our Lord's journeyings between Bethany and Jerusalem during these days are also approxi- mately shown. Day and night are also distinguished by color. Copyright, 1912. by The Sunday School Times Company. Qeorse E. Croscup, Del. TUESDAY APRIL4 /7/y? moN PM N yX^Fi^hee found I'l \ 'withered \ ^. _ Ta/entsA Des 'rofJeruss/em foretold. • 145 \\\l%prJsfJM^ \An\Rmc)(ed^ Huspandman Ai9,\PH//7?'s Son's \*}ZB^T/7reg Quesft i|l40l<7/'/vJ'A5',* Umhstverab/e 1 '.14 1 \ Woes ^Prom unc^af \\^2^m'do'yys _ J es US'/SB t ^es | 147 Temple fore^^er , T^vo 13421:20-2? I35 2I-.25-27 136.21:28-32 13721:33-46 138.22:1-14. 139.22:15-40 140.22:41-46 141.23:1-39 154.11:20-261 155.11:27-33 ( 139 12:13-34 140. 1 2:35-37 14/. 12:3840 13712:1-12 142.12:41-44 135.20:1-8 157 20:9-19 159.20:2040 14020:4)44 14/. 20.4547 142.2/:/ -4 143 12:20-36 /44;l2:37-50 WEDNESDAY APRIL 5 AM NOON pyi. N Jesus in pefiremenf fffarrj3'^e by Jews. Quest/ot M/fes ■seeff Jesus. Judas co/JSfjires, wif/tCI^/e/Pnests Beginning 'ifrife gmoi. fVasfttscli. TheBetrayt LordsSupf. Pefersdem. Paretve/I ■ ana/ p, 145. 24:1-51. 146. 25:1-46 147 26:1-5,14-16. 145. 13:1-37 147 14:1.2.10; 145 21:5-38. 147 22:1-6 SUNPfvYMONDAVJ^ TUESDAY THURSI at Beth a 152.26:21 153 26:26- 14814 12-1 152.14:18- 153 14:22-; 148 22:7- 149 22:15- 150 22 24; 1523 22:19 151.13:1-2 15213:21 THE LIFE OF CHRIST B.C.) DATE DUE --'-'^mm^ GAYLORD — "- —