I AN APPEAL FOR INDIA I PUBLISHED BY THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT OF INDIA AND CEYLON, Corner of Harrison Road and College St., Calcutta. r The undersigned, as representing those student volunteers from America and Britain wlmse privilege it is to be now at work in India, have pleasure in endorsing this appeal, in the hope that God may use it to lead many of their fellow-students to join them as sowers and reapers in the fields of India : — Ckayden Edmunus, Calcutta. A. H. Ewing, Ludhiana. John N. Forman, Fatehgarh. J. H. Maclean, Madra^t. W. A. Mansell, Lucknow. Max Wood Moorheah, Poona. J. Campbell White, Calcutta. Oswald 0. Williams, Karimganj. October 1st, 1896. W E liave sought to let the various sections of India speak for themselves, as the needs are voiced hy individual missionaries. When quoting the very words of missionaries we have used quotation marks bnt omitted names, placing these, together with the names of other mis.sionarieswho have fui-nished facts, at the close of the article. Most of the letters received express the urgent need of workers by shoAving how few of the vast masses of heathen are as yet reached. Some urge to immediate effort because of the special signs of the times. In some quarters theosophical and sceptical writings are increasingly read. Several speak of a revival of Hinduism as a patriotic measure ; while others mourn the prevalence of a spirit of apathy and indifferentism. As representing the con- dition of many large centres in India Ave cpiote from East Bengal : — “ There has been a decided reAdAml of Hinduism during the last five or six years. Educated men Avho a short time ago affected contempt for the idolatrous practices of the common people noAv justify and take part in them. In regard to caste there is, I fear, less of a relaxation of its hold upon the educated commu- nity than there is a slackening of the restraints of con- science. Men submit to the social requirements of the caste system for purely selfish reasons, and then give themselves to the effort to justify the system philosophically out of a desire to maintain, if possible, some degree of self-respect Avhile folloAving a course condemned alike by reason and conscience. It is also manifest that, especially among the students of Dacca, much of the revival is due to the working of a spirit of pseudo-patriotism, which moves them to rally to the defence and maintenance of ancestral customs Avhich have become interwoven Avith the life of the ]ieople, and the disturbance of which seems to portend the conformity of the nation’s life to a foreign type. The idea still widely prevails that missionaries are Grov- ernment agents, engaged in the Avork of completely o A\ Al’l'KAI. l’()l{ INDIA. iiiul ptn-inaiieiitly subiiiffutiiig' tlie people to tlie ‘ Hri- tisli Baj.’ The present interest in Hiiidnisin, I am ])ersuaded, springs more from political than from reli- gions considerations. It is a kind of protest against the intrusion of western influences and institutions — nothing deejier tlian that. “ Western infidelity, theosophy and the theistic movements are a])preciahly affecting tlie thought of the educated classes in onr district, but so far as 1 know there is no organization on infidel or theosophic lines, while Brahmoism (Indian theism) is not attract- ing as many to the adoption in practice of its princi- ])les as it did in the early days of its existence. The ])reacher of the (fosjud has mainly to contend against a stolid spirit of indifference to spiritual things, as.so- ciated with an active worldliness tliat gives to things temporal the place in interest and life which belongs to God. Notwithstanding the instinctive religious- ness of the Indian mind, it is growingly difficult to get professional men and students to give serious thought to things pertaining to eternal life and godliness.” .\s we now considm- the needs of some sjiecial sec- tions of India, let us volunteers ever remember that the (piality of the workers is vastly more important than their number. Most touchingly has this been empha- sized by some who are in sore need of hel]). Oiu' writes : “ Nothing so much needs to be recognized by those conteiujilating giving themselves to God for work among these ])eople as this, that it is onli/ o.v flit-ij alloir God to (/ire llimxrJf to them to irork fit rnm/li thou that antjth 'uKj ran tir (tccoiiipUxhrd” * I._yiAI)H AS PKESI DKNCY. 'I’his Presidency was the first to be occupied in modern times, and great ])rogress has been made. Ac- cording to the census of 1891 there were in Southern India 805,.">28 Native Christians of all denominations, * In the statistics wlucli follow account is only takoi. unless orliorwisc statofl, of Euro|)ean. .Vmcrican and Australasian workers; in the more advanced fields their work is S])lendidly supplemented by native colleafjues and helpers, hut even when we take ihis fully into account the need remains ajipallingly great. AN Al'l’KAL FOi; INDIA. S- sliowing’ an intrease in the decade of '2‘2'7 pev cent., wliile the population advanced during- the same period I)v 15'2 per cent. The Christians are one in forty of the total population, but one out of every twelve o'raduates is a Native Christian. Net even this best- worked of Indian fields needs more labourers. In the city of Madras and its immediate neighbourhood thirty-two workers are urgently wanted by ten differ- (uit .societies. There is special need for workers among the educated classes, which in this Presidency are more numerous than anywhere else. To reach them at once is of the utmost importance, and many of them ai’e accessible to Christian influences if theso are brought to bear on them Avith tact and sympfithy. 'riiere is need of special Avorkers to supplement aiul folloAv up the Avork of the Christian colleges. Many of the students through the influence of their college come to haA'e more or less ,sym})athy Avith Christianity, but in many cases their professors luiA'e not time for the personal dealing that is necessary. Thei’e is need also of folloAving the men up after they leave college. .\gain, Avithin a feAv miles of Madras is ConjeeA'eram, ranking high among the sacred cities of Hinduism, with a population of 4o,000, and a large influx of ])ilgrims, but Avithout a Muro])ean missionary. A glance must noAV be taken at some other parts of rlie Presidency. The South Kistna and North Nellore District has one missionary to about 109,000, AA'hile one-tenth of the population is scarcely reached. “There are no converts among Mohammedans, and fcAv among Sudras, Komaties, Kshatrias and Brahmans, aa’Iio compose four-fifths of the pojiulation. Here lies the held of greatest need. We need to-day if Ave could ])ossibly get them three men for CA'angelistic, one for industrial and one for educational AA-ork.” A sad fact reported from this region is that tracts and books furnished by the inhdel West are being used by the more cun- niiig felloAvs to misre])resent Christianity. , In the Nellore di.strict A'ery feAv from high ca.stes liave become Christians, and double the present force of men is needed. 4 AN APPEAL FOR INDIA. The South Nellore District. — “ We liave ten mis- sionaries and a population ot about 400,000. Each missionary has his own district in wliich he preaches from village to village.” North Arcot is worked by the Beformed Church •of America ; it contains a population of 3,000,000. A third of the district has practically no Christian agents at work in it. At the rate of one male mis- sionary to 100,000 people 22 more are needed. South Arcot has a solitary worker to a whole taluk (county). In the Danish Mission two missionaries ■are wanted for evangelistic work, and one for educa- tional work, also a medical lady. Negapatam Taluk (Tanjore) has one missionary to 375,000 of the heathen masses. Thousands of villages are practically virgin soil. Madura District has one missionary to about 50,000 people. In some districts the people are hardly touched by Christian influence. A revival of Hin- duism has been greatly fostered by the Chicago Par- liament of Religions. No special work is done for Mohammedans. Three more men for evangelistic work, two for itinerating, one for educational and one for literary work are wanted; also several single ladies. In Palamcotta the whole district is fully occupied. “The great want is the Holy Spirit in the Native Church.” Travancore. “ Id this best served district of all India we could easily do with ten times the number of workers. The hill tribes are scarcely touched. We need badly special men to deal with Mohammedans and the educated classes.” The London Missionary Society reports 400 congregations and 54,000 people, but mostly of the lower classes. Very ■ few of the higher classes have come over to Christianity. “ The Beformed Syrian Church, some 30,000 strong, is now open to receive any one . who will help its members to a life of holiness and service. They have a record of Christian existence of over a thousand years. They have no caste to break, and they are men of a very high intellectual order. They are the AX APPEAL FOR INDIA. 5> hope of South Iiulia, and I am profoundly convinced that work done for tliem will be repaid in a harvest of souls all over India. If, say, two men full of the Holy Ghost were willing to come out at their own charges and go about, roughing it, among these people, I am sure that their labours would be well repaid in the work this reviving church will do among the heathen in all parts.” The Native State of Mysore has a population little under 5,000,000. “No one of its districts is wholly unoccupied. There are no Mohammedan, Parsee, or •Iain converts. Work is not being done among’ these classes. There is great need of suitable labourers among educated men. There is no medical work except in Bangalore, and there is abundant .scope for itinerant medical missionaries. There is now one missionary to about 250,000. In order that there might be one to each taluk, more than fifty missionaries are wanted. Theosophy of late has had a somewhat strong branch in Bangalore.” Nizam’s Dominions (Hyderabad). In this large territory, with a population of 1 1,500,000, there are only about thirty missionaries, belonging to six societies. As the state is under a Mohammedan Government, (though the bulk of the population is Hindu,) Moham- medanism is very strong, especially in the city of Hyderabad. In the Telugu-speaking part there is one missionary to about 500,000 Telugus. In the dis- tricts (none being fully occupied) there are three im- portant centres for three new men to be placed with- out delay. Three men are needed for evangelistic itinerancy, there being promise of great blessing in the villages in the near future. One is needed for scholas- tic work, one for medical Avork, and one of the senior missionaries should be set free for translation and lite- rary work. A missionary working among the hill tribes writes : “ In a population of 500,000 my wife and I are the only missionaries. Our great need is one or two holy, heroic pioneers ; one of these should be a medical lady, and another an industrial expert. Kanker State (popula- tion 80,000) has no missionary. Kalahandi State <3 AN APl’KAL FOK INDIA. (325,000) never liad a missionary. If yon can do aiiy- Thing to awaken interest in these poor .simple peo])li' we are hunting among the hills and jungles, in Jesus’ name do so.” From Jalnaa missionary writes: “In our district we could easily lind work for one missionary in evange- li.stic, one in industrial, one in medical, and one in zenana work. For some 200 miles by 100 miles to our south-east there is no work done at present, and tlu‘ whole district is teeming with people.” II.— BOMBAY PRESIDENCY. There are twenty-one colleges and professional schools in this Presidency. ( )f these only one is under Protest- ant Christian control. Of the 186 Professors in thesi‘ institutions only 44 are Christians. A yet more .signi- ficant fact is that of the 3,189 students only 35 are Prote.stant Christians. In nineteen of these insti- tutions there is no Christian work. One of the two remaining is Roman Catholic. In 76 high schools of the Presidency there are 6,394 scholars in the two u])])cr classes. Of these only 85 are Christians. In the British and Feudatory Territories of this IVesi- Rency there are 40,303 villages, and the population is 126,916,358 — about equal to tlie population of England. Bombay City presents a great need for work among educated Hindus and Mohammedans ; also among Par- sees, who number over 47,000. The latter have no sense ■of the value of s])iritual things. Their prosperity, their energy and the pi’ospect of advancement have madi* many of the younger men materialists. In other cities of the Presidency, and in Feudatory states, then- ar(> 29,000 more. “ ^^'orkers among English-sjieaking Parsees should be well educated and should have a .strong personality to ]herce the crust of indifference and worldliness. The ranks of Parseeism are yet unbrokcm .save in a very few instances.” Belgaum District has three missionaries to 864,000 ]ieople. Kolhapur State. 3’he American Pre.sliyterians an' working in this southern part of the Pi-esidency. Tlu'ir AN AVI’EAL EOi; INDIA. i field may be said to embrace tlie Collectorate of Riitna- yferi'i, the Native State of Kolha])ur with its dependen- cies, and six adjacent native states. Within the limits of this field there is a population of 4,000,000. These are larovly Hindus, distributed in towns and villages, of which there are 1,803 in Eutnagerri, and 1,700 in Kolha])ur and the adjacent states. In but few of these villages is the Gospel preached even once a year. Stations should be at once started at such strategic ])oiuts as eight towns, each with a population of over 10,000, and ten others of which each has a population of over b,000. “ Government education is making rapid strides. Kolha])ur State reports 221 schools with over 14,000 pu])ils. 'rhroughout these states there are thousands of good readers who might be reached through tlu' ])rinted ]iage. We now need eight evangelists to occu])_v central towns, to itinerate in the villages, and to reach bv private conversation the large student class.” Satara District has a population of one and a (piarter millions distributed over an area of 4,912 sipiare miles. To evangelize the 1,340 cities, towns and villages there are resident in this district only om' male missionary and four female mis.sionaries. The Bhore and Phaltan States. The Poona and Indian Village Mission is entering these states (po])u- lation abc>ut 350,000). It is praying for one hundred workers. The Roha taluk of the Kolaba collectorate has one missionary to a popidation of 400,000. The Poona District has a jiopulation of 1,067,800. Out of 1,191 towns and villages, 1,169 have no resi- dent Christian, and very I'arely are these vi.sited by the messenger of the Gospel. Pour-fifths of the popu- lation of this district is in villages, the average number of persons in a village being 720. These facts show the importance and difficulty of village work. There are 250,000 children of school-going ago — one boy in 5 or 6 is learning and one girl in 56, yet female education in this district is twice as good as the average for the Pivsidency. 8 AN APPEAL FOR INDIA. Ahmednuggar. The Marathi mission of the Ameri- can Board C. F. M. has about one worker to eveiy 100.000 ])eo])le. “ Adequately to work our field [a part of Bombay city, a large part of the Ahmednuggar col- lectorate, the Sirur taluk of the Poona collectorate, parts of the Satara and Sholapur collectorates, and the Koha taluk of the Kolaba collectorate], there are needed for evangelistic work twenty-five workers ; medical work, nine ; industrial, five ; educational, eight ; and for literary work, three.” An older missionary remarks on a revival of attachment to Hinduism, not as supplying spiritual needs, but to stimulate patriotic feeling. Khandesh. Of the 16 taluks only five are occu- pied ; and the proportion of missionaries is one to 300.000 people. Guzerat. KathiaAvar has three missionaries to 3,000,000 people. Thousands have never heard of Christ. Kutch, said to have the population of Uganda, has never had a missionary. Kajkote has been oc- cupied for fifty years, yet the missionary there Avrites : “ I liaA'e been these months among a promising peo- ple Avho haA'e neA^er heard the Gospel before : Avho knows AAdien they are likely to hear it again ! ” In WadliAvan a missionary Avrites : “ The people listened splendidly. They haA'e never heard before in some cases, in others possibly once. There are hundreds of villages of aboriginal races as reachable as the Figians Avere, and Avith little or no religion to destroy. In a feic years these will have become Brahmanised, and then Avork among them AAnll be like knocking our heads against a stone Avail. A Goa'- ernment official of the district entreats us to send men there, promising eA'ery assistance in his poAver, and Ave cannot moA'O. Why ? For want of men. We could keep tAvo or three men bu.sy at nothing else than translating and Avriting. The Bible revision is not expected to be finished in any one’s life-time, and all for lack of men. We haAm one man to do the Avork of a minimum of six in Surat alone.” Sindh. Men and Avomen missionaries all counted give only one to 125,000 of the population. Large AN AITEAL FOE INDIA. 9 districts are unoccupied and receive only occasional visits from missionaries. One trained educationalist and a band of trained evangelists are wanted. 111.— CENTRAL PROVINCES. Of the 13,000,000 in the Central Provinces 2,500,000 are reported as belonging to aboriginal tribes. The larger toAvns take up most of the time of the few workers, and the mass of the people are practically untouched. Only eight of the eighteen districts are in any sense properly occupied. The Central Provin- ces are backward and not very literaiy. Their one revival lately has been a cow protection movement, which has been very popular even among some of the educated. Spencer’s works are largely read. In the Nagpur Commissionership, with its five divi- sions and over 8,000 villages, we find a total of 20 missionaries. Wardha with over 400,000 people, Bhandara with over 700,000 and Balaghat with over 380,000, have each but one missionary. The solitary worker of Balaghat says : “ The country is in many parts wild and difficult to travel, and any one really determined to get at and remain among the village people would probably have to face a good deal of self-denial in matters of food, housing, etc. But to really consecrated workers with good physique, I believe there is no part of India more pro- mising for speedy and good results. I should heartily welcome two or three soul-loving single men helpers.” Chanda, with an area of 10,749 square miles, with 2,700 villages, and a population of over 690,000, has no missionary. Raipore. “ Our field is a veiy large one — the eastern division of the Central Provinces, inhabited by nearly 5,000,000. Twelve missionaries are work- ing in this section, but nearly all the Native States in this divi.sion are unoccujned. If we had a hundred missionaries there would be room for more. If you can do anything to increase the number of mission- aries here you do a great good to one of the most neglected districts in India.” 10 AN APPEAL EOPv INDIA. Mandla. (Gliond and Eheel Mission.) For the 2,000,000 people scattered among hills there are five missionaries. At least six men are wanted for evangelistic work. Jubbalpore. In this district eight men are wanted for evangelistic work, two for industrial, one for educational, one for literary and two for medical work; two ladies also for medical work. Hoshangabad. “ There are large unoccupied dis- tricts in the Native States of Bundlekhund, Rewah, Punnah, and Gwalior. Matt. ix. 37 is very true of this part.” Another writes : “ There is, I believe, a population of over 3,000,000 entirely untouched.” From Hurda is sent this message: “One of our districts has 1,256,000 people, with only two men and four women evangelists.” Bhopal, with a population of 2,000,000, is in a peculiar position. Being under a Mohammedan dy- nasty permission is not yet given to preach in it. One or two futile attempts have been made to settle in the state, and the colporteurs ax’e sometimes deported into British Central Province territory. Except in Sehore no work is at present going on. Pray that closed doors may be opened. Indore. The Canadian Presbyterian Mission has 34 Avorkers among 5,000,000 people. A low estimate of needs Avould be : for evangelistic Avork tAventy men and as many ladies, for medical Avork eight, in- dustrial three, and literary tour. In Berar, with a population of 2,800,000, the proportion is about 68,000 to each missionary, male or female. Several taluks are still unoccupied. Twenty more evangelists are needed, six more medical work- ers, six for educational Avork, two for literaiy, find five for industrial. The Kurku and Central India Hill Missipn has one missionary to 400 square miles. “ Four dis- tricts in our field are quite unoccupied. Let us have nine more evangelists, three medical men, two indus- trial Avorkers, and one educationalist. God alone knoAvs our sore needs.” AN Al’l’KAL, b'Oll INDIA. 11 IV.— BENGAL. Bengal and Assam have a population of 80,000,000, more than twice that of the United Kingdom. Calcutta. The north and west suburbs of Calcutta are practically unoccupied except by Avomen workers. On the east of the city there is a large population of the lower classes — about 150,000 — with no systematic work among them. On the west of Calcutta is a river, and on the east a canal ; both of these are crowded Avith boats Avorked mostly by Mohammedans ; among these no one is Avorking'. Midnapore. The field of the Free Baptists is in Northern Orissa and Southern Bengal (population, 3,600,000). No section of the field is more than partially occupied. The northern and western sec- tions are practically untouched. To attempt to evan- gelize this field eight men are needed at once. Chota-Nagpore. The district of Palaman, with 750,000 inhabitants, has not a missionary or native preacher. Among the tributary states none are occu- pied Avith the exception of Gangpur, and Chota Nagpore has still more than a million heathen Avith- out the slightest touch of the Gospel. Behar. “ I belleA^e Behar is the most neglected part of India. LeaA’ing Patna out of account, for all this large ProAunce, Avith its vast population of 24.000. 000, Ave have only six European missionaries to the heathen. Quite half the Province is as much heathen as any other part of the Avorld, having ne\"er yet even heard the sound of the Gospel. The need of Avorkers is tremendous and the darkness is aAvful.” At Darjeeling the Church of Scotland has mission- aries pn the ratio of one to about 40,000 people. “ There are many tribes east of Bhutan, scattered along the hills, among Avhich there are no Avorkers. These tribes haA'e no Avritten language, and some are quite AAuld.” Rampore Boalia. The English Presbyterians report tAvo missionaries to 1,300,000 people. Bogra Avith 817.000, and Malda Avith 815,000, have no missionary. Berhampore. “ 'I'liere are six missionaries (tAvo men 12 AN Al’l'KAL FOI; INDIA. and foul' ladies) to about 1,300,000. There is an ain]de field for work among the villages.” Nadiyah Zillah is probably the best worked zillah (Government district) in Bengal. In tlie best worked part preachers of the Gospel manage to visit every vil- lage once in two years. Unless vacancies are supplied at once the work will be much crippled. Fresh workers are sorely needed to enable the work to go on nninterruptedly. At Faridpore there is one missionary to 500,000. “ The need is so great that at present it does not seem possible to state figures.” Bakharganj. “ The wliole island of Bhola (popula- tion 258,450) is without a missionary, a native preach- ei', or even a Christian school. The same may be said of Patnakali (population 496,735). In other word.s, half the district is practically untouched. Moreover, we have not maintained work already begun.” Dacca has a staff of two missionaries andfour evange- lists to 2,409,000 people. “ The district is practically nnoccnpied, but visited as far as pos.sible from Dacca. The churches responsible for this part of the world- field ought to be willing to sustain at leant as many mission stations as there are police stations. That Avould indicate a call for at least eleven more mission- aries. My conviction is that they ought first and last to be evangelists.” Tipperah, Pubnah, and Mymensing are needy dis- tricts in East Bengal. Four ladies are Avorking at Tip- perah among a jwpulation of 1,500,000. The Hindoos seem readj^ for the Gospel and have several times asked for a male missionary. Pubnah, Avith a population of 3,000,000, has five mis.sionaries. Mymensing (popula- tion 3,500,000) has two men and five women Avorkers. Assam. Manipur is an Independent Nati\'e State, and has one missionary to 200,000 inhabitants. The A’alley of Manipur and the A'arious hill tribes to the Avest, north, south and south-east are nnoccnpied, no missionary being as yet permitted to go to these people. Oidy the Tangkul Naga Hills are occupied. The Kashia Hills of loAver Assam, having a popu- lation of 200,000, liave ten missionaries, Avith their AN APPEAL FOR INDIA. 13 wives. “ Tliere are here 1 1,000 Christians. The whole system of education and the whole literature are under mission control. There are several other hill tribes, e.specially in the Cachar Hills, quite as likely to receive the truth, but still without any workers. In the plains near this district there are only three mission centres in a ])opulation of 3,000,000 — one ordained missionary to one million people ! There is no •grander opportunity afforded to any one than that which this part of India offers to the Church which has become specially responsible for it — the (Welsh) Calvinistic Methodist Church. Ten lai’ge centres could be occupied at once.” V.— NORTH-WEST PROVINCES. Nearly every Government district of the North-West Provinces has at least one missionary, but in some dis- tricts of from 300,000 to 800,000 there are only one or two ordained foreign inissionaries ; for example Etawah has about 800,000 inhabitants and the working force is one ordained foreign missionary and one ordained native minister. Ballia. one of the districts, is entirely unoccupied, the population is 924,763. It was the worst of all N. W. P. districts two years ago for cow-protecting agitation. The people are almost all villagers. Benares. The population of the city alone is over 250,000, and of the district 890,000. There is consider- able space to the south and south-east towards Chota Nagpore unoccupied. Patehpur. One man and his wife ai’e the only missionaries among 750,000 people. “Only the city !ind a few adjacent villages are being reached. The great need is for evangelists_^/Zed u-ith the Spirit. Re- ligious apathy is what is met on every hand. The temples and mosques all through the district are in a tumble-down state. The young men profess to be what their fathers were if they only knew what that was.” Fatehghar. “ The total population of this district is about 850,000 ; most of our village population is not 14 AX Al'l’KAI- ri)H INDIA. ])rovi(lc'(l Avitli workers. 'I'lie villages are very thick ; Ave have nearly 4,000 in our district alone. In places of ('ight and ten thousand we should have a niis- sionarv and a strong force of native teacher.s and ])reachers.” From Saharanpur a missionarv writes of many towns of from 0,000 to 15,000, in some of Avhich there is not a Christian Avorker. He advocates the plan of building in such ])laces small rest-housc's Avhere the missionary can spend a few months at a time according to the de- velopment of work at each centre. “Religious thought is going through a jmocess of fermentation, and as a I’esult Ave ha\m neAV religious societies springing u|) on every side. A ho])eful feature is that many are not satisfied with the negations offered them in these modern oi'ganizations, and are ready to listen to the gospel. 'Phe o])])ortunities of Avork among the edu- cated young men of India are so many and iiiAuting that 1 Avonld like to see hundreds of our best equip])ed students from America and Fnrope throAAung them- seK’es into this AA’ork.” Kumaon District— Almora. “ There are five mis- sionari(‘s (tAvo men and three Avomen) to 250,000 ])eople. '^Phis district has mountains reaching from 4,000 to 1 0,0()0 feet, intersected by deep A'alleys. Many houses are ]ierched high u]> on these mountain.s, and to iH'ach these dear ])eo])le Avith the go.spel AA'e need as many Avorkers as you Avould recpiire for three or four times the ]>o])ulation of the great cities on the plains. 1 Avould like to see tAA'o more Avorkers for e\'angelistic, one for medical, tAA'o for industrial, and one for literary Avork. They shoidd all be men able to bear the rough- ness of mountain life.” Oudh. “ The large ingatherings of the Methodist Fpisco])al Mission in the X.W.i*. and Oudh haA'e been mainly from tAA'o classes. Consecpiently large sections of the community are yet unreached. In order ro reach the ]>eo])le, and specially the AA'omen, for Christ, AA"e must send out Avomen eA'angelists t\A’o by tAA'o avIio Avill go from Aullage to village, training coiiA'erts and preaching the gospel. The calls for Avomenin this line are almost unlimited, and the nec'd of the people is AN Al'l'KAI, FOR INDIA. lo most ))Htlietic. Wo aro making advances along tin." frontier to d'hibet, and there is abundant room for work. These liills and forests are fall of a jioor eonimnnity of a hardy mountain type wlio have not as yet come under tlie rigid caste system. I saw in my recent visit to (xarliwal a number of ])rominent vil- lagers who had bnt recently been invested with the sacred Brahminical cord. A systematic atteni])t is being made to fasten Hindnism upon these peo]de. If Christians were on tin* field in some numbers the triumph of Christianity could be markedly hastened by jireempting these mountaineers for Christ.” VI.— B.\JPUTANA. This large territory has a population of over 1 2,000, OOOj with only twenty-four European mission- aries at work. “ Tonk, Jhalsapatam, and Jaisalmir are large towns where*, as yet, there is no missionary. I should say that Tonk and Jhalsapatam would In; good fields for any society wanting to begin wm*k. All large towns in Native States .should be occupied by European missionaries. 'I’o do this effectively I should say a dozen more men are needed. The Arya Saniaj is active in propagandism.” Numbers of the peo])le, on the other hand, cling tenaciously to the old ritc's of Hinduism. VII.— PUNJAB. The Punjab, including thirty-five Native States, and adding Kashmir, has a ])o])ulation of 20,000,000, of whom 10,500,000 are Mohammedans, 2,000,000 Sikhs, and the rest Hindus. The Sikh race, allowed to b(* the finest in India, is found only in the Punjab. So great is the need that towns and villages at no great distance from the oldest mission stations can scarcely be said to be evangelized. One brief visit a year to a village or town does not evangelize that town or village. There are hundreds of villages where even less is being done. Many of the thirty-five Native Stati's are practically nnworked, and where work is going mi in them, it is in many cases not regularly established. 16 AN APPEAL FOK INPIA. Lahore. There is a revival of that form of reformed Hinduism known as the Arya Samaj. At present the largest college in this city is the Arya College, equalling in numbers both the Government College and the Forman Christian College. Ferozepore has one missionary to 140,000. In this district of five thasils (counties) two are wholly un- occupied. A lady doctor and two nurses are needed for the women’s hospital. For five of the larger towns twenty evangelistic workers are wanted. The medical work in this district has made the mission widely and favourably known. Wherever the doctor goes the evangelistic work meets with a favourable reception. Sialkot has one missionary to 186,000. Three districts with a population of 1,2-50,000 are unoccupied (only visited). Twelve men and eleven women are Avanted. The Jhelum district is only partially occupied ; four men are needed now. The Arya Samaj is stirring up the Hindu population and establishing schools for the education of the children. Peshawar district is only partially occupied. Hazara (population 516,000) is hardly touched, and Kohat, with 205,000, is altogether untouched. All the regions north and north-west of PeshaAvar are uureached. “ The Pathans are very accessible in their A'illages, and hospitable. There is a great field open for itinerating missionaries. As far as I knoAv, there is no mission between this and PaAval Pindi, a hundred miles off.” At the very least nine Avorkers are Avanted at once. Tavo of these should be medical men. “ There is a revival of Hinduism in the form of the Arya Samaj. Lately this society published a long- notice against us Avhich was posted in the streets and mosques. The Anjuman-i-Islam is very active in street- preaching, and the Mohammedans are continually building new praying places. Hindus and Moham- medans are almost combining to oppose Christianity.” Kashmir. The population of Kashmir proper, that is the .Jhelum A'alley and the adjacent Amlleys, is about 3,000,000. A A'ery small portion of Kashmir is occupied. “ Among the unoccupied districts are the AN APPEAL FOR INDIA. 17 Pumch State, Kishtiwar Province, Cliilas (feudatory), Hmiza Nagar, Astor and Gilgit, and Chitral. Tliere nre no baptized converts among the Hindus, and very few, if any, among the Mohammedans. Allowing one to 10,000 people, 90 workers are now required. Each would have a district of about 15 square miles, exclu- sive of mountains. W e have not even surveyed our field of action thoroughly yet, but hope to do the frontier survey within the next three or four years.” The sphere of work of the Moravian Mission in India is the provinces of the north-western corner of Thibet. They have three stations and fourteen mis- sionaries. There is a great need of more workers ; not so many European agents are wanted as native agents, since the villages are very small and far be- tween. Besides Leh in Ladak there is scarcely one village with a larg-er population than 600 souls. The solitary worker in Baltidan writes of hopes as yet unfulfilled for five workers. He says that in Kaffiristan sometime ago teachers of Christ’s religion were asked for ; but none have gone. He further writes : “ In the whole province of Baltistan there is only one worker as yet, a low member in Christ Jesus, but redeemed with a great price. There is great need of workers here. One has not done much in preach- ing chiefly because one has been praying and waiting for the special blessing of God, to be filled with His S]iirit.” He is also praying for the people “ that they may get a strong need in their hearts for the only true and living Saviour Jesus Christ.” This prayer from the borders of Thibet we would voice for all India. Before closing we would emphasize one import- ant line of work — Christian Literature. There are 15,000,000 persons in this empire under instruction or able to read and write. About one million a year leave school ; of these 925,000 are totally ignorant of Christian truth. Hence all will see the importance of publishing and distributing Chi’istian literature. Chris- tian books and tracts may be compared to ammuni- tion which enables a soldier to strike those who are otherwise far beyond his reach. For example, the Eev. J. F. Ullmann’s book, Dharmhda, or Religionfi AN APPKAL KOI! IMJIA. Hr/f//ie(/,wiis carried by a Hindu ascetic into a village of Beliar and proved the means of establishing a Christian community there. A Christian cooly be- (pieathed Rs. 100 for the spread of three little books, which he highly valued as they had been the means of bringing him to Chri.st. After his death they were found under his pillow. If we wish to alter the thought of the mas.ses, we ought to be prepared to whiten the Helds of India with a snow-storm of lively, penetrating’ and attractive leaflets. To acconi])lish this, e.xperts should be set apart to the task. We deeply feel that figures but partially convey rlu' need which we would here express. 'The picture is a dark one, taken by missionaries on tlu' s])ot, and taken for us volunteers. One of the workers asks for “ European Knights of the Cross,” and adds : “ It’s chivalry for Christ that is wanted in the hearts of young men at home.” :\re yon to disappoint these dear faithful workers? 'They are only 1,600 among a popidation more than four and a half times that of the United States, and nearly ten times that of England and WAles. Eight and a half millions die annually. ^^'e close with the words of that friend of Western stinUmts, Rev. A. J. Gordon, D.l). : “1 have long- since ceased to pray, ‘ Lord Jesus, have compassion on a lost world’! I remember the day and the hour when I seemed to heai- the Lord rebuking me for making such a prayer. He seemed to say to me, ‘ I have- had compassion upon a lost world, and now it is for you to have compas.sion. I have left you to fill u]) rhat which is behind in mine afflictions in the flesh for the body’s sake, which is the Church. 1 have given my heart ; give your hearts.’ ” AVhen I say unto the wicked, O wicked man, thou shalt surely die, and thou dost not s])cak to warn the wicked from his way ; that wicked man shall die in his iniquity, but his blood will I require at thine hand. Nevertheless, if thou warn the wicked of his way to fnrn from it, and he turn not from his way ; he shall die in his iniquity, but thou hast delivered thy soul.” L/ek. :33 ; 8-9. AN Al’I'ICAL FOl; INDIA. 19 Lid of Missionaries from lehom the above information has been obtained. Abbott, Rev. J. E., A. B. C. F. M.. Bailey, Rev. '1'. G., Cb. of Scotland, Ball, Rev. A. E,, C. M. S., Ball, Rev. W. H.. C. M. S„ Bandy, Rev. C. H., Am. Presby., Bariuo, Rev. P. H., Punjab Bible Soc., Berg, Rev. S. F., Danisili Miss., Bernard, Miss E. J., Ch. of Scot. Z. Miss., Blair, Rev. J. C., Irish Pres. Miss., Bedding, Rev. P. 0., Scan. Santlial Miss , Bruce, Rev. H. J., A. B. C. P. M., Bulloch, Rev. G. M., L. M. S., Carey, Rev. Wm., Eng. Bap., Chamberlain, Rev. L. B.. Ref. Ch. in Am., Crane, Rev. H. A., Am. M. E., Uavis, Rev. B., C. M. S., De St. Dalmas, Rev. H., Friends Miss., Downie, Rev. U., Am. Bap., Dulhie, Rev. J., L. M. S., Edmund.s, Mr. Crayden, Bible Soc., Ewing, Rev. A. H., Am. Presby., Field, Rev. C., 0. M. S., Forman, Rev. J. N., Am. Presby.. Frederickson, Rev. J. F., Scan. All. Miss. Freeman, Col. T. A., C. M. S., Fuller, Rev. M. B., I. M. A., Gill, Rev. C. H., C. M. S., Griswold, Rev. IT. D., Am. Presby., Gustafson, Mr. Fred., Scan. All. Miss , Hahn, Rev. F., Gossner Miss., Hay, Rev. R. Wright, Eng. Bap., Herbert, Rev. E. P., C. M. S., Hooper, Rev. W., C. M. S., Hume, Rev. R. A., A. B. C. F. M., Husband, Rev. J., U. P. Miss., Hyde, Rev. J. N., Am. Presby., Jones, Dr. Rev. J. P., A. B. C. F. Jf., Knox, Hon. Justice, Lampard, Mr. John, Ind. Miss., Lawson, Rev. H. M., A. B. C. F. M., Le Feuvre. Rev. Arthur, C. M. S., Leiidrum, Rev. John, Free Ch. Scot., Low, Rev. A. R., U. P. Miss., Lucas, Rev .J. J., Am. Presby., McGavin, Mr. E. W., P. and I. V. Miss., Maclean, Rev. J. H., Free Ch. Scot., Macphail, Rev. Dr. Jas. M., Free Ch. Scot., Mansell, Rev. W. A., Am. M. E., Bombay. SialUot. Karachi. Calcutta. Fatelipui'. Lahore. S. Arcot. Poona. Broach. !Mohulpahari. Satara. Almora. Barisal. Arcot. Bomba 3 ’. Benares. Sehore. Kellore. So. T'ravancore. Calcutta. Ludhiana. Peshawur. Fatehgarh. Ghoom. Bomba)'. Berar. Jabalpore. Lahore. Shigar, Kashmir Ranchi. Dacca. Mandla. Mussoorie. Ahmednugar. Raj putana. Ferozepore. Madura. Allahabad. Balaghat. Ahmediiuggar. Bollobhpur. Kagpur. Rajputana. Saharaupur. Poona. Madras. Santalia. Lucknow. 20 AN Al’PKAL FOR INDIA. Mead, Dr. C. S., Aus. Rap. iSIiss., Mitcliesoii. Miss E. L., C. E. Z. M. S., Morrison, Dr. Donald, Eng. Presby., i^Iorse, Rev. S. R., C. M. S., Mowat, Rev. Dr. A. G., Free Ch. Scot. jMulIer, Rev. M. 0. A., Kurku and C.I.H.M Neve, Dr. A, C. M.S., Neville, Miss A., Ans. Ba)). Mis.s., Pamperrien, Rev. K. L., Evan. Lath. Miss Panes, Rev. J. B., C. M. S., Petrie, Miss Irene V., C. M. S., Pettigrew, Rev. W., A. B. M. II., Picken, Rev. W. H. J., Wes. M. S., Revie, Rev. Dr. D., Free Cb. Scot., Rice, Rev. E. P., L. M. S., Russell, Rev. Norman, Can. Presby., Scbreve, Rev. Tb., Epis. Moravians, Scott, Rev. H. R., Irish Presby M., Scott, Rev. T. L., Am. U. P., Sims, Rev. A., L. M. S.. Slater, Rev. T. E., L. M. S., Smith, Rev. J., L. M. S., ^'teele. Rev. J. F., Irish Presby. M., Stevenson, Rev. .1. S., Irish Presby. M., Stiles, Rev. E. B., Am. Free Bap. M. Soc., Stoll, Rev. Andrew, Germ. Evan. M. Soc., Taylor, Mr. Joseph, Friends Miss., Thwaites, Rev. W., C. M. S., Torrance, Rev. John, Tuck, Miss B. L., Ans. Bap. Miss., 'I’urnbull, Rev. A., Ch. of Scot., Ulil, Rev. L. L., Am. Evan. Luth. Vanes, Rev. J. A., Wes. M. Soc., Walker, Rev. T., C. M. S., Ward, Rev. C. B., Am. M. E., Webster, Rev. E., W. M. S., Wharton, Rev. G. L., Disciples Ch., Wilder, Miss G. E., Am. Presby. M., Wilder, Mr. R. P., Am. Presby. M„ Williams, Rev. Dr. 0. 0., Welsh Cal v. Meth. Wills, Mr. H. J., L. M. S., Worrlein, Rev. J., Hermannsburg M., IMymensing. Peshawur. Rampore Boalia. Bhagalpur. Jalna. ., Ellichpnr. Kashmir. Mymensing. Tranquebar. Nizam’s Dom. Kashmir. Manipur, Assam. Bangalore. Ward ha, C. P. Bangalore. Mhow. Poo, Little Thibet. Rajkot. Jhelum. Berhampur. Bangalore. Belgaum. Wadhwan. Surat. Midnapore. Raipur, C. P. Seoni, Malwa, C, P. Peshawur. Poona. Faridpur. Darjeeling. Guntur, Madras. Hassan, Mysore. Palamcottah. Yellandu, Hydera- Negapatara. [bad. Harda, C. P. Kolhapur, Poona. , Karimgahj,.\ssam. Trevandrum. Gudur, Nellore Dis- [trict. I'RINTED BY ADDISON & CO., MOUNT ROAD, MADRAS.