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 PRINCETON, N. J. 
 
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 SAMUEL A a N E W , 
 
 Of r II I L A I) i: I. p H I 4 . p . 
 
 
 yS'^OA/cJ^ /^r£r,^8j9r. 
 
 COLLECTION OF PURITAN AND 
 ENGLISH THEOLOGICAL LITERATURE 
 
 LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 "^ (^ PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 
 
 n, 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 in 2013 
 
 http://archive.org/details/miscbylaOOhali 
 
Sczi. 
 
i 
 
ifcellanies 
 
 B Y 
 
 The Late Lord Marquis 
 o F 
 
 HALIFAX- 
 
 I. AJvketoa DAUGHTER. 
 
 I I. the CharaRer of a TRIMMER. 
 
 III. The Anatomy of an EQUIVALENT. 
 ilV. 4 Letter toa DISSENTER. 
 
 V. Cautions for Choke of PARLIA- 
 MENT MEN. 
 
 VI. A Rough Draught of a NEW MO- 
 DEL at SEA. 
 
 VII. Maxims of ST ATE, &c. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for H^. Rogers a! the Sm sgainft St. rur.(lan\ 
 Ch-yvch j Benj* Jooke at the Middle-Tinj^k-G^l^ in 
 Fleet fireet ; and D- Midwinter and /. Lergh at iht 
 Roje -nd Crcvfn in jr. Paul's Chunh^Tard. 17c 4. 
 
( o 
 
 THE 
 
 Lady's NeW'Years-Gift : 
 OR, 
 
 A DVICE 
 
 T O A 
 
 DAUGHTER 
 
 Dear Daughter j 
 
 Find, that even our moft plcafing 
 Thoughts Will be unquiet ; they wtll 
 be in motion ; and the Mmdc^n have 
 no reft whilft it is pofTcfsM by a dar- 
 ing PafTion. Tou are at prefent the cheif 
 Object of my Care^ as well as of my 
 Kjndnefs^ which fometimcs throweth me 
 into Virions of your being happy in the 
 World, that are better fuited to my partial 
 Wijhesy than to my rcafonable Hofes for 
 you. At other times, whea my Fsars pre- 
 B vail. 
 
^dVtce to a Dciuojney 
 
 vail, I fhrink as if I was itruck, at the 
 Profpe-f^ of Dxnger^ to which a young 
 Woman muft be expos'd. By how much 
 the more Lively^ fo much the more Lia- 
 ble you are to be hurt ; as the fineft 
 Plants are the fooneft nipped by the Frofi. 
 Whilft you are playing full of Innocence, 
 the fpkefull World will bite, except you 
 are guarded by your dilution. Want of 
 C^re therefore, my dear Child, is never 
 to be excusM ^ fince, as to this World, it 
 hath the fame efFefl as wanr of Vertue. 
 Such an early fprouting Wit, rcquirech fo 
 much the more to be fheltred ^ fpme 
 Rulesj ' like ''fomething ftrew'd on tender 
 Flowers to preferve them from being blart- 
 ed. You muft take it well to be prun'd 
 by fo kind a Hand as that of a Father. 
 There may be fome bitternefs in meer 
 Obedience : The natural l^ove of Liberty 
 may help to make the Commands of a 
 Parent harder to go down : Some inward 
 refiftance there will be, where Fowcr and 
 not choice maketh us move. But when 
 a Father layeth afide his Authority, and 
 perfuadeth only by his Kindnefs, you will 
 never anfwer it to Good Nature, if it hath 
 not weight with you. 
 
 A great part of what is faid in the 
 following Dijcofdrfe may be above the pre- 
 fect 
 
RELIGION. 
 
 fent growth of your Underftanding ; but 
 that becoming every day taller, will in 
 a little time reach up to it, fo as to 
 
 make it eafie to you. I am willing to 
 begin with you before your Mindly quite 
 form'd, that being the time in which it 
 is moft capable of receiving a Colour that 
 will laft when it is mix'd with it. Few 
 things are well learnt, but by early Pre- 
 cepts : Thofe well iwfus'd, make them Na- 
 tural'^ and we are never fure of retain- 
 ing what is valuable, till by a continued 
 Hahii \^ )iavc made it a Piece of us. 
 
 «^P^^her my skill can draw the Pi£lure 
 of a fine Woman, may i(BI"N|Bteftion : 
 but it can be none, That I have drawn 
 that of a kind Father : If you will take 
 an exaa: Copy, I will fo far prefume up- 
 on my Workmanfhip, as to undertake you 
 fhall not make an ill Figure. Give me 
 fo much Credit as to try, and I am fure 
 that neither your Wifhes nor mine fhall 
 be difappointed by it. 
 
 ^ELIGIOTS^. 
 
 THe firft thing to be confidered, iii 
 Religion. It muft be the cheif Ob- 
 ject of your Thoughts, fince it would 
 
 B a be 
 
Advice to a Daudner 
 
 be a vain thing to dirccl: your Behivtoar 
 in the Worlds and forget that which you 
 are to have towards hun who made it. 
 
 In a ilrift fenfe, it is the only thing 
 necclTary: you muft take it into your 
 Mi^d^ and from thence throw^ it into 
 your Ht\xrt^ where you are to embrace 
 it foiclofe as. ncv;er to lofe the Poffejfionoi 
 it. But then it is ncceflary to dillinguifh 
 between the Rcalit) and the PretSficc. 
 
 Religion doth not confift in bcHcving 
 the Legend of the Nurfery^ where Chil- 
 dren with their ilM' arc fed WMth the 
 Tales of Witches, JIobgobhngsT*JB^[p^- 
 J^HS^ W^^Mtf^ We fuck in fo gree- 
 dily thefe early M'fhikes^ that our riper 
 Und.erjlanding haili much ado to cleanfe 
 our Minds from this kind of Trafu: The 
 Stories are fo entertaining, that we do 
 not only believe them, but relate them: 
 which makes the diicovery oftlie Truth 
 fomewhat grievous, when it makes us lofe 
 fuch a Field of Impertinence' where we 
 might have divertrd our fclves, befides 
 the throwing fome fl am.e upon us for 
 Jiaving ever received them. Tiiis is mik- 
 inc; the World a '[fejt^ and imputing to 
 God Almighty, That the Provrn:c he 
 affigncth to the Devil, is to play at Blind- 
 mans bjfF, and fliew Tricks with JVIan- 
 M- kind 
 
(I^E LIGIO N. 5 
 
 kind; and- is fo far from being Relrgtcny 
 that it is not Senfi^ and hath right onl^ 
 to be caird that kind of Devotion, of 
 which Ignorance is the undoubted Mother^ 
 without competition or difpute. Thefe 
 Miilakes are therefore to be left off with 
 your Hanging flei ves \ and you ought to 
 be as much out of countenance to be 
 found with them, about you, as to be 
 feen playing with Babies at an Age when 
 other things are expefled from you. 
 
 The next thing to be obferv'd toyou^ 
 is, That Rdigion doth as Uttle confill in 
 loud Anfwers and devout Convulfions at 
 Church, or Fraying in an extraordinary 
 manner. Some Ladies are fo extreme ftuT^ 
 ing at Churchy that one would fwear the 
 Worm in their Corifcience made them fo 
 unquiet. Others will have fuch a Divided 
 Face between a Devout Goc^ole and an //;- 
 uttingGUnce^ that tne unnatural Mixture 
 maketh even the ^6-;^ Looks to beat that 
 time ridiculous. Thefe affected Appearances 
 are ever/fufpefted, like very ftrong Per- 
 fumes, which are generally thought no 
 very good Symptoms in thofe that make uie 
 of them. Let your earneftnefs therefore 
 be refer v'd for your C/c?/?^, where you may 
 have God Almighty to yourfelf : laPab- 
 iick be ftiil and calm^ neither undecent- 
 B 5 ly 
 
Advice to a Vaughter. 
 
 ly Cardefsy nor Jjftcfed in the other Ex- 
 tream. 
 
 It is not true Devotion, to put on 
 an angry ^^/againft thofc who may be 
 of a diifering Perfuafion. Partiality to our 
 fclves makes us often miftake it for a Duty, 
 to fall hard upon others in that cafej 
 and being pulh'd on by Self-conceit^ we 
 ftrike w^ithout mercy, believing that the 
 Wounds we give are Meritorious^ and that 
 we are fighting God Almighty's Quarrel^ 
 when the truth is, we are only fetting 
 out our felves. Our Devotion too often 
 breaketh out into that Shape whicli mofl: 
 agreeth with our particular Temper. The 
 Cholerick grow into a hardned Severity 
 againft all who diflent from them ; fnatcli 
 at all the Texts of Scripture that fuit 
 with their Complexion ; and becaufe God's 
 Wrath w^as fome time kindled, they con- 
 clude, That Ar]ger is a Divine Vcrtue ; 
 and are fo far from imagining their ill 
 naturM Z^al requireth an Apology^ that tliey 
 value themfelves upon it, and triumph in 
 it. Others^ w^hofe Nature is more Credu- 
 lous than ordinary, admit no Bounds or 
 Mcafurc to it ; they grow as proud ot 
 extending their Fatth^ as Princes arc oi 
 enlarging their Domwicuss not confidcr- 
 ing that our Fdith^ like our Stomach, is 
 
 capa-» 
 
^ELIGIO N. 
 
 capable of being over-charg'd ; and that 
 as the laft is deilroy'd by taking in more 
 than it can digeii, lb our Re^^on may be 
 extinguiili'd by oppreffing it with the 
 weight of too m.any ftrange things \ efpe- 
 cially if we are forbidden to chew what 
 we are commanded to fvvallow. The Me- 
 Uncholly and the Sullen are apt to place a 
 great part of their Religion in dejefted 
 or ilUhumor'd Looks^ putting on an un* 
 fociable Face, and declaiming againil: the 
 Innocent Entertainments of Ltje^ with a$ 
 much fliarpnefs as they could beftow up- 
 on the greateft Crimes. This generally is 
 only ^ Vizxrd^ there is feldom any thing 
 real in it. No other thing is the better 
 for being Sower \ and it would be hard 
 that Religion fhould be fo, which is the 
 beft of things. In the mean time it may 
 be faid with truth, That this y?/r/^ kind of 
 Devotion hach perhaps done little lefs hurt 
 in the World, by frighting, than the moft 
 fcandaious Examples have done by infect- 
 ing it. 
 
 Having told you, inthefefew Inftances, 
 to which many more might be added, 
 what is not true Religion 5 it is time to 
 defcribe to you, what is fo. The ordinary 
 Dejinitiom of it are no more like it, than 
 the common Sign-pofls are like the Princes 
 
 B 4 they 
 
8 ^4dvice to a Vaughter. 
 
 they would reprefcnt. The unskilful Daw 
 hers in all Ages have generally Jaid on 
 fiich ill Colours J and drawn fuch,harrh Lrms 
 that the Beauty of it is not eafny to be 
 difcerned : They have put in all the for- 
 bidding Features that can be th-)ugl)t of; 
 and in the firft place, have made it an 
 irreconcilable Enemy to Nature-, wlicn^ 
 in reality they are not on!y Frie^ds^ but 
 Twins, born together at the fame time ; 
 and it is doing violence to them both, 
 to go about to have them feparated. 
 Nothing is fo kind and fo inviting as 
 true and u^fophi/hcated Rihoton: Inllcad 
 of impofin^ un-ecclfary Burdens upon our 
 Nature, it eafcth us of the greater weight 
 of our PaJJions and Mi flakes : Inllead oi 
 fubc'uing us with Rigour^ it redeemcth us 
 from xXic Slavery we are in to our felvcs, 
 who are the molt fevere Mafters, whiljl 
 we are under the Ufurpation of our Jp- 
 fetites let loofc and not reftrain^. 
 
 Rehgwn'is a chearful thing, fo far from 
 being always at Cufs with Good Hurnour^ 
 that it is infeparabfy united to ic. No- 
 thing unpleafant belongs to it, though the 
 Spiritual Cooks have done their unskilful 
 part to give an ill Rdifh to it. A wife 
 'Epicure would be Religious for the fake of 
 fleajurc) Good Scnfc is phc Foundatiou 
 
 Pf 
 
(RELIGION. 
 
 of both and he is a Bungler who aimeth 
 at true Luxury^ but where they are ioin'd. 
 Religion is exalted Re^fony refiiVd and 
 fifted iVom the groller parts of it: It 
 dwelleth in the upper Region of the Mind^ 
 \v here there are feweft Clouds or Mijls to 
 darken or offend it: It is both the Foun- 
 dation and the Crown of all Vertues : It 
 is Morality improved and rais'd to its 
 height, by being earned nearer Heciven^ 
 the only place where Perfection refideth. 
 It cleanfeUi t\\t Under ft anding^ and brufli- 
 eth off the Earth that hangeth about our 
 Souls ^ It doth not want the Hopes and 
 the Terrors w^iich are made ufe of to 
 fupport it; neither ought it to defcend 
 to the borrowing any Argument out of it 
 felf, fmce there we may find every thing 
 that fhoLild invite us. Ifwewereto be 
 hired to Religion^ \t is able to out-bid the 
 ^corrupted World, with all it can offer to 
 us, being fo much the Richer of the two, 
 in every thing Vv'here Reafon is admitted to 
 be a Judge of the Value. 
 
 Since this is fo, it is worth your pains 
 to make Religion your Choice^ and not 
 make wfe of it only as a Refuge, There 
 are Ladies who finding by the too vifible 
 decay of their good Looks, that they can 
 fliiac no more by that Li^hty puc on the 
 ' • " V^r^ 
 
I o Advice to a Dauohter. 
 
 VArni(h of an aftefted Devotion, to keep 
 up fome kind of Figure in the World. 
 They take SanQuary in the Churchy when 
 they are purlued by growing Contempt 
 which will not be llopc, but followeth 
 them to the Altar. Such late penitence 
 is only a difguife for the tormenting grief 
 of being no more handfome. That is the 
 killing thought which draweth the figlis 
 and tears, that appear outwardly to be 
 applied to abetter end. 
 
 There are many who have an Jguijlj 
 Devotion, Hot and Cold Fits, long Inter* 
 miflions, and violent Raptures. This un- 
 evennefs is by all means to be avoided. 
 Let your method be a fteady Courfe of 
 good Life, that may run like a fmooth 
 Stream, and be a perpetual Spring to fur- 
 nifh to the continued Exerctfe of Vertue, 
 \o\xK Devotion "^^^ ho, earned, butitmufi: 
 be unconftrained and like other Duties, 
 you muft make it your Fleajure too, or 
 elfc it will have very little efficacy. By 
 this Rule you may belt judge of your 
 own Heart. Whilll thofe Duties are ^joysy 
 it is an evidence of their being fincere ; 
 but when they are a Fenance^ it is a fign 
 that your Nature makcth fome refirtance ; 
 and whilft that lalieth, you can never 
 be entirely fccure of your fclf. 
 
 If 
 
(RELIGION. II 
 
 If you are often unquiet, and too nearly 
 touchM by the crofs Accidents of Life^ 
 your Devotion is not of the right Stan* 
 dardy there is too much Alloy in it, That 
 which is right and unmixt, taketh away 
 the Sting of every thing that would trou- 
 ble you : It is like a healing Balm^ that 
 extinguifheth the fliarpnefs of the Blood ; 
 fo this fofteneth and diffolveth the An* 
 guifh of the Mind. A devout Mind hath 
 the Privilege of being free from TajfionSj 
 as fome Climates are from all venomous 
 kind of Creatures, It will raife you above 
 the little VexmXions to which others for 
 want of it, will be expos'd, and bring you 
 to a Temper^ not of ilupid Indifference, 
 but of fuch a wife Reftgnation^ that you 
 may live in the Worlds fo as it may hang 
 about you like a loofe Garment, and not 
 tied too clofe to you. 
 
 Take heed of running into that com- 
 mon Error^ of applying God^s Judgments 
 upon particular Occafions. Our Weights and 
 Meafures are not competent to make the 
 Diftribution either of his Mercy or liis 
 Jujlice: He hath thrown a Veil over thefe 
 things, which makes it not only an Int- 
 pertinence^ but a kind of Sacrtlege^ for 
 us to give Sentence in them without his 
 Comrnijjion^ 
 
 As 
 
12 
 
 advice to a Daughter, 
 
 As to your particular Fanh^ keep rathe 
 Religion that i^ grown up wich you, both 
 as it IS the beft in iti'cif, and that the reafon 
 of (laying in it upon that Ground is fome- 
 what ftronger for your Sex^ than it vvili 
 perhaps be allowed to be for ours ; in rc- 
 Ipeft that the Voluminous enquiries into 
 the Tnab^ by Reading, are Icfs expeftcd 
 fi-om you. The Bejl of Books will be di- 
 rection enough to you not to change ; and 
 whilft you are fixM and fufficiently con- 
 firmed in your o\\ n 71//W, you w^ill do belt 
 tokeep vain Doubts and Scruples at fuch a di- 
 ftance that they mav give }'0u nodifcjuict. 
 
 Let me recommcfid you to a -^ethod of 
 being rightly inforni'd, whicfi'can neviip 
 fail: Ic is in fhort this. Cr^t'DnderJlaridi'^ig^ 
 and practice Venue. And if you are fo /i/^/- 
 jed. as to have thofe for your Sh,%re it is not 
 furcrthat thereisa God^ than it is, that by 
 him all Nccejfafj Trz/z/yj- will be revealed to 
 you. 
 
 HUSBAND. 
 
 ^f^ H AT. which clnllengctli the place 
 
 j[ in your" Ihouglits, is how to live with 
 
 a H:isbdNd. And tlioitgh that isfo large a 
 
 Word.that few Rules can be fix'd to it which 
 
 arc 
 
HUSBAND, I ; 
 
 are unchangeable, the Methods being as va- 
 rious as tlie levcraj Tempers ofMe/^ to which 
 they muft be fuited: yet I cannot omit 
 feme General ObfervationSy which, with tlie 
 help of your own may the better direfl: yow 
 in the part of) our Life upon which your 
 Hdppimfs moft dependeth. 
 
 It is one of the Dtjadvar^t/ages belonging 
 to your Sex, that yonng Women are feldom 
 permitted to make their own Choicex their 
 Friends Care and Experience are thought 
 fafer Guides to them, than their own Fan- 
 cifj-;and their Modefiy often forbiddeth 
 them to refufe when their Parents recom- 
 mend, though their inward Conjent may 
 not entirely go along with it. In this cafe 
 there remaineth noth-ng for rhtm to do 
 but to endeavour to make that eafie which 
 falleth to their Lot, and by a wife ufe of 
 every thing they may diflike in a Husband-^ 
 turn that by degrees to be very fupporta.- 
 ble, which, if neglefted, might in time 
 beget an Aversion. 
 
 You muft firft lay it down for a Foun- 
 dation in general, That there is Inequality 
 in the Sexes, and that for better Oeco- 
 nomy of the World, the Men, who were 
 to be the Law givers, had the larger fbare 
 of Rea[on beftow'd upon them ; by which 
 means your Sex is the better prepar'd 
 
 for 
 
1 4 advice to a Vamhter. 
 
 for the Compliance that is neceffary for the 
 better performance of thofe Duties which 
 feem to be moft properly affignM to it. 
 This looks a little uncourtly at the firl> 
 appearance; but upon Examination it will 
 be found, that Nature is fofar from be- 
 ing unjuft to you, that flie is partial on 
 our fide. She hath made you fuch large 
 Amends by other Advantages, for the feem- 
 ing In]ujlice oi t]\t firft Diftribution, that 
 the Right of Complaining is come over 
 to our Sex. You have it in your power 
 not only to free your felves, but to Sub- 
 due your Mafters, and without violence 
 throw both their Natural and Legal Autho- 
 rity at your Feet. We are made of differ- 
 ing Tempers^ that our Defeats may the 
 better be mutually fupplied : Your Sex 
 wanteth our Reajon for your CoW//^,and our 
 Strength for your Protection : Ours wanteth 
 your Gentlenefs to foften, and to entertain 
 us. The firft part ol our Life is a good 
 deal fubjcfted to you in the Nurferj^ where 
 you Reign without Competition, and by 
 that means have the advantage of giving 
 the firft Impreffions. Afterwards you have 
 ftrongcr Influences, which, w^ellmanagM, 
 have more force in your behalf, than all 
 our Privileges and jfurifdiHions can pre- 
 tend to have againft you. You have more 
 
 ftrcngth 
 
ftrength in your Looksy than we have in 
 our Laws^ and more power by }0ur7>4r/, 
 than we have by our Arguments. 
 
 It is true^ that the Laws of Marriage 
 run in a hardier Itilc towards your SeXj 
 Obey is an ungenteel word, and lefs eafie 
 to be digefted, by making fuch an unkind 
 diftinclion in the words of the Contraia*, 
 and fo very unfuitable to the excefs of Good 
 Manners^ which generally goes before it, 
 Befidcs the univerfality of the Rule feem- 
 eth to be a Grievance^ and it appeareth 
 reafonable, that there might be an Exemp- 
 Hon for extraordinary Women, from ordi- 
 nary Rules, to take away the juft Excep- 
 tion that Lieth againfl: the falfe meafure 
 of gemrd Equality. 
 
 It may be alledged by the Counfel re- 
 rained by your Sex, that as there is in 
 all other Laws, an appeal from the Letter 
 to the Equity y in Cafes that require it: 
 It is as reafonable, that fome Court of a 
 larger '^urifdiHionmi^th^ erected, where 
 fome Wives might rcfort and ^Q2.^ffecialij. 
 And in fuch inftances where Nature is 
 fo kind, as to raife them above the U'^iel 
 of their own Sex^ they might have Re- 
 liefy and obtain siMitigation in their oiv\'n 
 particular, of a Sentence which was given 
 generally againft Woman-kind. Thecau<fes 
 ik '" of 
 
1 6 advice to a Daughter. 
 
 of Seperdtion are now fo very courfc, tliar 
 fevv^ are confident cnougli to buy their Li- 
 berty at the price of having their iM ode- 
 fly fo expofed. And for difparitj of Minds ^ 
 which above all other things rcvjuireth a 
 R'medy^ the L^zii^j have made no prc'i////^;^ ; 
 fo htde refin'd are numbers of Men, by 
 whom they are compiPd. Tlfisanda great 
 deal more might be lliid to give a colour 
 to the Complaint. 
 
 But the Anfwer to it, in fhorc is, That 
 the Infiitutton of MarrJAge is too fticred 
 to admit a Liberty of ohjcBiy^g to it ; Tliat 
 the fuppofition of yours being tlie weaker 
 Sex^ having without all doubt a good Foun- 
 dation, maketh it reafonable to fubjeft it 
 to the Mafculine Dominion \ That no Rule 
 can be fo perfed, as not to admit fome 
 Exceptions ; But the Law prefumeth there 
 would be fo few found in this Cafe, wlio 
 would have a fufficicnt Ri^j^ht to fuch a 
 Privilege^that it isfafer fome Injujlice fhould 
 be f^w/y/i^Vatinavery few Inftanccs, than 
 to break into an Eftablifhmcnt, upon which 
 the Order of Humane Society duth fomuch 
 depend. 
 
 You are therefore to make your beft of 
 what is ftttled by La)v and Cuflom, and 
 not vainly imaguic, that it will h^chxnged 
 for your fake. But that you may not be 
 
 dif. 
 
HUSBAND. 17 
 
 difcouraged, as if you lay under the weight 
 oidia incurable Grievance, you are to know, 
 that by a mfe and dexterous Conduct, it 
 will be in your power to relieve your leh' 
 from any thing that looketh like a difad- 
 vantage in it. For your better direflion, 
 I will give a hint of the moft ordinary 
 Caufes of Dijfatisfaclion between Man and 
 Wife, that you may be able by fuch a Warn- 
 tng to hve fo upon your GuarAy that when 
 you fliall be married, you may know how 
 to cure your Husband's Mifiakes^ and to 
 prevent your own. 
 
 Firft then, you are to confider, you live 
 in a time which hath rendred fome kind of 
 Fraihies fo habitual, that they lay claim to 
 large Grains of Moiva?7ce, The world in 
 this is fomewhat unequal, and our Sex feem- 
 eth to play the Tyrant in diftinguilliing 
 fartiallj for our felves, by making that in 
 the utmoft de^t ee Criminal in the Woman^ 
 which in a Man paffeth under a much gentler 
 Cenfure. The Root and the excufe of this 
 Injuflice is the Prefervation of Families from 
 any Mixture which may brmg a Blemifl] to 
 them: And whiift the Point of Honour con- 
 tinues to be fo plac'd it feems unavoidable 
 to give your Sex^ the greater fhare of the 
 penalty. But if in this it lieth under any 
 Difadvantage^ you are more than reconi- 
 
 C pen^'d 
 
1 8 .Advice to a Dauzker. 
 
 pens'd, by having the Honour of Families 
 in your keeping. The Confideration fo 
 great a Truft muft give you, maktth full 
 amends; and thia Power the World hath 
 lodged in you, can hardly fail to reftrain 
 the Severity ofan/7/ Husband, and ro im- 
 prove tlie Kindnefs and Efteem oia.good 
 one. This being fo, remember, That w^xt 
 to the danger of committing the fault your 
 felf, the greateftis that o{ feeing it in your 
 HushxnL Do not feciii to look or hear that 
 way: If he is a Man of Senfc, he will re- 
 claim himfelf; the Folly of it, is of it felf 
 fufficient to cure him ; if he is not fo, he 
 will be provok'd, but not reformed. To 
 cxpoftulate in thefe Cafes, lookcth like 
 declaring War, and preparing Reprilals; 
 which to a thinking Husband would be a 
 dangerous Refle^Hon. Befides, it is fo courfe 
 a reafon which will be affignM for a Lady's 
 too great warmth upon fuch 2in oxafion, 
 that Modefty no kls than Prudence ought 
 to reftrain licr ; fincc fuch an undecent 
 Complaint makes a Wife niuchi more ridi- 
 culous, than the Injury that provoketh her 
 to it. But it is yet woi fe and more unskil- 
 ful, to bUz'^ it in the World, expecting it 
 fliould rife up in Arms to take her part: 
 Whereas ilie will find, it can have no other 
 Effcd, than that (he will be fcrved up in all 
 
 Com- 
 
HUSBAND. 19 
 
 Companies, as the reignmg Jefi at that time ; 
 and will continue to be the common Enter- 
 tainment, till fhe is refcuM by fome server 
 Folly that cometh upon the Stage, and 
 driveth her away from it. The Imperti- 
 nence of fuch Methods is fo plain, that it 
 doth not deferve the pains of being laid 
 open. Be affur'd, that in thefe Cafes your 
 Difcretion and Silence will be the moft/^r^* 
 vatlmg Reproof ^ An ajfecied Ignorance ^vj\i\Q]\ 
 is feldom a Vertue^ is a great one here: 
 And when your Hushandi^vd^ how unwill- 
 ing you are to be uneafie, there is no 
 Wronger Argument to perfwade him not to 
 be unjuft to you. BeHdes, it will naturally 
 make him moxt fteUlng in other things: 
 And whether it be to cover or redeem his 
 Offence^ you may have the good Effefls of 
 it whilft it lafteth, and all that while have 
 the moft reafonable Ground that can be, of 
 prefuming, fuch a behaviour will at laft 
 entirely convert him. There is nothing fo 
 glorious to a W//^, as a Viftory fo gain'd : 
 A Man fo reclaim'd, is for ever after fub- 
 jected to her Vertue \ and her bearing for a 
 time, is more than rewarded by a Triumph 
 that Will continue as long as her life. 
 
 The next thing I will fuppofe, is that 
 
 your Husband may love Wi'ne more than 
 
 is convenient. It will be granted, That 
 
 C 2 though 
 
20 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 though there are Vices of a deeper dye, 
 there are none that have greater Deformtty 
 than this, when it is not reftrain'd: But 
 with all this,the fame Cuitom which is the 
 more to be lamented for its being fo gene- 
 ral, iliould make it lefs uneafie to every 
 one in particular who is to fuffer by the 
 Effects of it: So that in the firft place, 
 it will be no new thing if you fbould Iiave 
 a Drunkard {ov your Hushmd'j and there is 
 by too frequent Examples evidence enough, 
 that fuch a thing may happen, and yet a 
 Wife may live too without being miferable. 
 Self love diclatech aggravating words to 
 every thing we feel ; Ruine and M/ferj are 
 the Terms we apply to whatever wc do 
 not like, forgetting t!ie Mixture allotted to 
 us by the Condition of Human Life, by 
 which it is not intended we fhonld be quite 
 exempt from trouble. It is fair if we can 
 efcape fuch a degree of it as would opprefs 
 us, and enjoy fo much of the pleafant part 
 as may leifen the ill tafte of fuch things as 
 are unwelcome to us. Every thing hath 
 two Sides, and for our own eafe we ought 
 to dire^: our Thoughts to that which may 
 be lealt liable to exception. To fall upon 
 the rvorjl fide of a Drunkard^ giveth fo un- 
 pleafant a profpcft, that it is not pofTible 
 to dwell upon it. Let uspafs then to the 
 
 more 
 
HUSBJND. 11 
 
 more favourable party as far as a iVife is 
 concernM in it. 
 
 I am tempted to fay fif the Irregularity 
 of the Expreflion could in ftriftnefs be 
 juftified; That a I4^ife is to thank God her 
 Hti^band hath Faults. Mark the feeming 
 Paradox my Dear, for your own Inftrudi- 
 on, it being intended no further. A Huf- 
 hand without Faults \s a dangerous obfer- 
 ver \ he hath an Eye fo piercing, and feeth 
 every thing fo plain, that it is expos'd to 
 his full Cenfure. And though I will not 
 doubt but that your Frrtue will difappoint 
 the fharpeft Enquiries ; yet few Women 
 can bear the having all they fay or do re- 
 prejented in the clear Glaf> of an Under- 
 ftanding without Faults, Nothing foftnech 
 the Arrogance of our Nature^ like a Mix* 
 ture of fome Frathies. It is by them we 
 are beft told, that we muft not flrike too 
 hard upon others, becaufe we our felves 
 do fo often deferve Blows : they pull our 
 Rage by the Sleeve, and whifper Geotle- 
 nefs*to us in our Ccnfu^es, e en when 
 they arerightlv applied. The Faults and 
 Faffiom of Fh^sbands bring thtm down 
 to you, and mike them content to live 
 upon lefs unequal Terms, than Faultlefs 
 Men would be willing to ftoop to ; fo 
 haugl.ty is Mankind till liumbled by com- 
 
 C J mon 
 
2 2 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 men Weakneflcs and Defects, which in 
 our corrupted State contribute more to- 
 wards the reconciUng us one to another, 
 than all the Precepts of the Philojophers and 
 Divines. So that w here the Errors of our 
 Nature make amends for the Difadvantages 
 of yours, it is more your part to make ufe 
 of the Beneft^ than to quarrel at the 
 Fault, 
 
 Thus in cafe a Drunken H/^l?and (hould 
 fall to your fliare, if you will benv/^and 
 patient^ his JVine fhall beof your Gde ; it 
 will throw a ^(?/7over your Miftakes, and 
 will fet out and improve every thing you 
 do, that he is pleafed with. Others will 
 like him lefs, and by that means he may 
 perhaps like you the more Wl;cn after 
 having dined too well, he is received at 
 liome without a Storm^ or fo mucli as a re- 
 proaching Look, the M'^ine will naturally 
 work out all in Kindncfs, which a li^/Je 
 muft encourage, let it be wrapped up in 
 never fo much Impertinence. On the other 
 /ide it would boil up into Rage^ if tliemi- 
 ftaken IVife ihould trcathim rougiily, like 
 a certain thing called a k/,id Shrew, than 
 vvh'ch the World, withal) its Plenty, can- 
 not [hew a more fcnfclefs, ill-bred, forbid- 
 ding Crjati re. Confider that where the 
 M-in will^ive fach trequent Intcrmilfions 
 
 of 
 
HUS^JND. 1? 
 
 of the ufe of his Reafof^y the M'lfe infen- 
 fibly getteth a Right of Govern wg in the 
 Vacancy, and ihatraifeth her Charader^nd 
 Credit in tiic: raniiiy, to a higher pitch 
 than perhaps could be done under 2i fober 
 Hti^bandy wiio never puttech himfelf into 
 an Incapacity of holding the Reins. If 
 thefeare nQtinin'tConloUtions^ acleafl: they 
 are Remedies to lome Degree. They can- 
 not make Drunkennejs a Vertue, nor a Hu^^ 
 hand given to it a Felicity \ but you will do 
 your felf no ill office in the endeavouring, 
 by thefe means, to makethebeftof fuch 
 a Loty in cafe it fliould happen to be 
 yours, and by the help of a wife Obfervati- 
 on, to make that very fupportable, which 
 would otherwife h^ a Loa.d that would op- 
 prefs you. 
 
 The next Cafe I will put is that your 
 HmhAnd may be Chollerick or Ill-humour'^ d^ 
 To this it may be faid, That pafjionate 
 Men generally make amends at the Foot 
 of the Ace junr. Such a Man, if he is.an- 
 gryone day without any Senfe^ will the 
 next day be as kind without any Reafc;% 
 So that by marking how the Wheels of fuch 
 a Man's Head are ufed to move, you may 
 eafily bring over all his PaJJIon to your Par- 
 ty. Inftead of being flruckdownby Ins 
 Thunder, you flhalldircttic wliere and up- 
 C 4 on 
 
24 ^4d\nce to a Daughter 
 
 on whom you Ihall think it bell appUed. 
 Thus dvc the Jlro^gfjl Poifo/?s tuvn*dto tlx 
 l?eji Re??iedies ; but then there mud: be 
 Art in it, and a skilful H^nd^ clfe the leaft 
 burgUng maketh it mortal. There is a great 
 deal of nice Care requifite to deal with a 
 Man of this Complexion. ChoUr proceed- 
 eth from FrUe^ and maketh a Man fo parti- 
 al to himfelf that he fwellethagainft Con- 
 tradiftion ;and thinketh he is leifened if he 
 is oppofed. You mull in this Cafe take 
 lieed of increx^ing the Storm by an u?7)vary 
 IVordj or kiridli/7g the Fire whi'ft the Wind 
 is in a Corner which may blow it in 
 your Face : You are dextroufly to yield 
 every thing till lie beginncch to cool, and 
 then by flow degrees you may rif and gain 
 upon him: Your Gentlenej's well timed, 
 willj like a Charm, difpcl his Anger ill plac- 
 ed ; 2ikmd Smile will reclaim^ when 2^ (brill 
 tettifb A:^frver would provoke him ; rather 
 than fail upon fuch occafions, when other 
 Remedies arc too weak, a little FUttery 
 may be admitted, which by being necefla* 
 ry, will ceafe to be Criminal. 
 
 lilll-FIumour^^: d Sullc/imfs^ and not open 
 and fuddcn Heat is his Difeafe, there is a 
 way of treatmg that too, foasto make it 
 a Grievance to be endured. In order to 
 It, you are firft to know, that naturally 
 
 rrood 
 
HUS'BJNU 
 
 good Se?jfe hath a mixture of furly in it: 
 and there being fo much Folly in the 
 World, and for the moft part fo triumphant, 
 it glveth frequent Temptations to raife the 
 Sfleen of Men who think right. There- 
 fore that which may generally be call'd 
 U'Humoury is not always a Fault ; itbe- 
 cometh one when either it is wrong ap- 
 plied, or that it is continued too long, 
 when it is not fo : For this Reafon you 
 muft not too haflily fix an ill name upon 
 that which may perhaps not deferve it ; 
 and though the Cafe fhould be, that ycur 
 Husband, might too fowerly refent any 
 thing he difliketh, it may fo happen, that 
 more Blame fl^all belong to your Mtfiakey 
 than to ImlU-Humour, If a Hfi^handh^^ 
 haveth himfe'f f::)metimes with an Ind'ijfe^ 
 rence that a Wife may think ofFenfive, Ihe 
 is in the wrong to put the worfl: fence 
 upon it^ if by any Means it will admit 
 a better. Some Wives will call it Vd- 
 HiimGHY if their Husbands change their vS(;7^ 
 frcm that which they ufed whilft: they 
 made their Addreffes to them : Others 
 w^ill allow no Intermifjion or Ah.xtement in 
 the Expreffions of Kindnefs tothem, not 
 enough diftinguiihing times, and forget- 
 ting that it is impolTiblc for iVfen to keep 
 tliemfcK-es up all their Lives to the height 
 
i6 advice to a Daughter. 
 
 of fome extmvdgant Moments. A Man 
 may at fome times be lefs caretul in little 
 things, without any cold or difobliging 
 Reafon for it ; as a Wife may be too ex- 
 pefting in fmaller matters, without draw- 
 ing upon her-felf the inference of being 
 unkind. And if your Husktnd Ihould be 
 really fallen, and have fuch frequent Fits, 
 as might take away the excufe of it, it 
 concerneth you to have an Eye prepared 
 to difcern the firft Appearances of Cloudy 
 Weather, and to watch when the Fit go- 
 eth off, which feldom fifteth long if it is 
 let alone. But whilft the Mind is fore, eve- 
 ry thing galleth it, and that makerh it 
 neceflary to let the BUck Humour begin to 
 fpend it felf, before you come in and ven- 
 ture to undertake it, 
 
 If in the Lottery of the World you 
 fhould draw a Qovetom Hpuhxnd^ I confefs 
 it will not make you proud of your good 
 Luck \ yet even fuch a one may be en- 
 dured too, though there are few Paflions 
 more untratlable than that of JvArke. 
 You mull firR- take care that your Defini- 
 tion of Jvxrice may not be a Miftake. 
 You are to examine every Circumftance 
 of your Htisbands Fortune and weigh 
 the Reafon of every thing you exped 
 from luai before you have riglit to pro- 
 nounce 
 
HUSBAND. ry 
 
 nounce that fentence. The Complaini is 
 now fo general againlt all Htisha,nds^ that 
 it giveth great fufpicion of its being often 
 ill-grounded ; it is impoflible they fliould 
 all defer ve that Cenfure, and therefore it 
 is certain, that it is many times mifap- 
 plied. He that fpareth in every thing is 
 an inexcufahle Ntggcird\ he thsit fparefh in 
 nothing is as inexcufable a Madman, The 
 mean is, to fpare in what is leaft neceffa- 
 ly, to lay out more liberally in what is 
 moft required in our feveral circumftances. 
 Yet this will not always fatisfie. There 
 are Wives who are impatient of the Rules 
 of Oeconoray, and are apt to call their 
 ////:^^xWs Kindnefs m queition, if any other 
 meafure is put to their expence than that 
 of tlieir own Fancy. Be fure to avoid 
 this dangerous Error, fuch a partiality to 
 your Self, whicLa isfo offenfive to an un- 
 derftanding Man, that he will very ill bear 
 a Wtfe'^s giving her felf fuch an m]urious 
 freference to all the Familjij and whatever 
 belongeth toit. 
 
 But to admit the word:, and that your 
 Yiti-shand is really a Cloje-hayided Wretch^ 
 you muftm this, as in other Cafes, endea* 
 vour to make it lefs afflifting to you ; 
 and firftyou muft oht^rve Jeafbn^l?/e ho//rs 
 of fpeaking. When you offer any thing 
 
2 8 advice to a Daughter. 
 
 in oppofirion to this reigning Humour, a 
 third hand and a wife Friendy ma\ ofc en 
 prevail more than you will be allowed to 
 do in your own Caufe. Sometimes you 
 are dexcerouily to go a'ong with him in 
 things, where you fee that the niggardly 
 part of his Mind is moft predominant, by 
 which you will have the better opportunity 
 of perfwading him in things where he may 
 be more inJitferent. Our Paffions are very 
 unequal, and are apt toberaifedor leiTen- 
 ed according as they work upon different 
 Objefts ; they are not to hQjhpped or re- 
 firdined in thofe things where our Mind is 
 more particularly engaged. In other mat- 
 ters they are more tradable, and will fome- 
 times give Reafon a hearing, and admit 
 a fair difpute. More than that, there are 
 few Men, even in this inftance of Jvnrice^ 
 fo entirely abandoned to it, that at fome 
 hours,and upon fome occafions, will not for- 
 get their natures, and for that time turn Pro- 
 digal. The fame Man who wiWgrudge him- 
 felf what is r^ecejjarjy let his Pnde be raifed 
 and he fliall be profntje ; at another time 
 his A/7ger Ihall have the fameeffeft; a fit 
 o^Fdmty, Amhitioriy and fomctimes oi Kjnd^ 
 nejsy (hall open and inlarge his narrow Mi??d ; 
 a Dofeof Wine will work upon this tough 
 humour, and for the time diffolveit. Your 
 
 bufinefs 
 
BUS IS AND, 29 
 
 bufinefs miift be, if this Cafe happeneth, 
 to \V2 tch thefe critical Mo^nents^ and not let 
 one of them flip without making your ad- 
 vantage of it ; and a Wife may be faid 
 to want skill if by this means fhe is not 
 able to fecure her felf in a good meafure a- 
 gainfl: the Inconveniences this fcurvy qua- 
 lity in a Hmhmd might bring upon her, 
 except he fhould be fuch an incurable Mon- 
 fttYy as I hope will never fall to your 
 Ihare 
 
 The laft fuppofirion I will make, is, That 
 your Hush/md fhould be wenk and incom" 
 ptent ro make ufe of the Privileges that 
 belong to him. It will be yeilded, that 
 fuch a one leaveth room for a great many 
 Objections. But God Almighty feldom 
 fendeth a Grievance without a Remedy^ or 
 at lea ft fuch a M'tigation as taketh away 
 a great pare vi the fting, and the fmart 
 of it. To make fuch a Misfortune lefs hea- 
 vy, you arc firit to bring to your Ob- 
 fcrvation, That 2,Wife very often maketh 
 better Figure, for her HmbamPs making 
 no great one : And there fcemethto be lit- 
 tle reafon, why the fameL^^ that chufeth 
 a Waiting-Woman with worje Looks^ may 
 jiot be content with a FLisband with lefs 
 Wit \ the Argument being equal from the 
 ad vantage of the Compiirifon. If you will 
 
 be 
 
^ o ^dVtce to a Daughter. 
 
 be more alliamed ia lome Cafes, of fuch 
 a Htisbarjd, you will be lefs afraid than 
 you would perhaps be of a wife one. 
 His Vyifeafonxble Weaknefs may no doubt 
 fometimes grieve you, but then fct againft 
 this, that it giveth you the Domirj'wn^ if 
 you will make the right ufe of it. It is 
 next to his being dead, in which Cafe the 
 Wife hath right to Adminifter ; therefore 
 be lure, if you have fuch an Id:ot, that 
 none, except your felf, may have the 
 benefit of the forfeiture; Such a Fool is a 
 dangerous Bead, if others have the keep- 
 ing of him; and you muftbe vcryundex- 
 terous if when your /f/^/^if;;^ fliall rcfolve 
 to be an Afs^ you do n. t take care he 
 may ho. your Afs, But ycumuft go skil- 
 fully about it; and above all things, take 
 heed of diftinguifhing in publick,wnat kind 
 of HiisharJ he is; Your inward thoughts 
 muft noc hinder the outward payment of 
 the confideration that is due to him : Your 
 llfghtt//o him in Compa^ty^ befides that it 
 would, to a difccrning By-ltanacr, give 
 too great encouragement for the making 
 nearer applications to you, is in icfeU fncti 
 anundcccncway ot afluming, that it may 
 provoke the tame Creature to break loofc, 
 and to ihcw his Dorrnmon for his Credit, 
 which lie was content t j forget for his 
 
 Eafe. 
 
HUSBAND, 31 
 
 Eafe. In fhort, the fureft aod the moft 
 approved method will be to do like a wife 
 Minijler to an eafie Prwce ^ firft give him 
 the Orders you afterwards receic^e from 
 him. 
 
 With all this, that which you are to 
 pray for, is a Pl^ife Hiisbandy one that by 
 knowing how to be a Majler^ for that ve- 
 ry reafon will not let you feel the weight 
 of It; one whofe Authority isfofoften'd 
 by his Kindnefs, that it giveth you eafe 
 without abridging your L/^er/j; one that 
 will return fo much tendernefs for your 
 Jufi EJleem of him, that you will never 
 want power^ though you will feldom care 
 to ufe it. Such a Hmbxnd is as much a- 
 bove all the other Kinds of them, as a 
 rational fubjeci ion to a Prince, great in him- 
 felf, is to be preferred before the difquiet 
 and uneafinefs of Vnlimited Libertjy 
 
 Before I leave this Head, I muft add a 
 little concerning your Behaviour to your 
 Hushan^s Friends^ which requireth the 
 mod: refined part of your Underftanding 
 to acquit your felf well of it. You are to 
 ftudy how to live with them with more 
 care than you are to apply to any other 
 part of your Life ; efpecially at firft, that 
 you may not ftumble at the firft fetting 
 out. The Yamil) into Vv^hich you are grafted 
 
 will 
 
2 1 JdVtce to a Dauohter. 
 
 will generally be apt to exped, that like a 
 Stranger in a Foreign Country, you fhould 
 conform to their Methods, and not bring 
 in a new Model by your own Authori- 
 ty. The Friends in fu;;ha Cafe are temp- 
 ted to rife up in Arms as againll an un- 
 lawful Invafr n, fo that you are wi h the 
 utmoft Caution to avoid the leaft appear- 
 ances of any thing of this Kind. And that 
 you may with lefs difficulty afterwards 
 give your Diredions, be lure a" firft to re- 
 ceive them from your H/z^^^Ws Friends, 
 train them to you by earlv applying to 
 diem, and they will be fo fatisHed, thatas 
 nothing is more thankful than Pride, when 
 it is complied with, they will ilrive which 
 of them 111?.!! moft recommend you ; and 
 when they ha' c helped you io take Koot 
 in your Hmbarjd'^ good Opinion, you will 
 have lefs dependence upon theirs, though 
 you mull nor neglect any reafonable means 
 of prefcrving ic. You are to conlic'er, 
 that a MangovernM by his fr/fW/, is ve- 
 ry cafily inHamcd by them ; and that one 
 who is not fo, will yet ior Ins own fake 
 expecl to have them confidcr'd. It is eafily 
 improved to a point of Honour in a /////- 
 bar/d^ not to have his llcUtio^s neglefleJ ; 
 and nothing is more d?ingcrous, tlian to 
 raifean Objection, which is grounded up- 
 on 
 
HUSBAND. 3^ 
 
 on Pride : It is the moft ftubborn and lad- 
 ing Paffion we are fubjed to, and where 
 it is the firft caufe of the JVar^ it is very 
 hard to make a fccure Peace. Your Caun- 
 on in this is of the laft importance to you. 
 
 And that you may the bettei' fucceed in 
 it, carry a ftrift Eye upon the Imprtmence 
 of your ServAnts ; take heed that their ///- 
 humour may not engage you to take Ex- 
 ceptions, or their too much alTuming in 
 finall matters, raife Confequences which 
 may bring you under great Difadvantage.* 
 Remember that in the cafe of a Roja/Bridej 
 thofe about her are generally fofarfufpect- 
 ed to bring in a Foreign Intereft, that in 
 mod: Countries they are infenfibly reduced 
 to a very fmall number, and thofe of fo 
 low a Figure, that it does not admit the be- 
 ing Jea/o/^s of them. In httle and in the 
 Proportion, this may be the Cafe of every 
 A^ew married Woman^ and therefore it may 
 be more advifeable for you, to gain the<SVr- 
 vmts }ou find in a Family, than to tie your 
 felf too fall to thofe you carry into it. 
 
 You are not to overlook thefe fmall Re- 
 flexions, becaufe they may appear low and 
 inco'nfiderablc ; for it may be faid, that as 
 the <rreatefl Jlreams are made up of the 
 fmjfl drops at the head of the Springs from 
 whence they are derived, fo \\\q, greater 
 
 D eirctim* 
 
54 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 eircamjlxnces of your Lite, will be in fome 
 degree direfted by thefe feeming trifles^ 
 which having the advantage of being the 
 firfl a£ts of it, have a greater efteftthan 
 fingly in their own nature they could pre- 
 tend to 
 
 I will conclude this Article with my Ad- 
 vice, That you w^ouldas nnuchas Nature 
 will give you leave, endeavour to forget 
 the great Indulgence you have found at 
 home. After fuch a gentle Difcipline as 
 you have been under, every thing you 
 diflikewill feem theharfherto you The 
 tendcrnefs we have had for you, My Dear^ 
 is of another nature peculiar to kind Pa- 
 rents, and differing from that wh'ch you 
 will meet with firft in any Family into 
 which you fhall be tranfplanted ; and yet 
 they may be very kind too, and afford no 
 juftifiablereafon to you to complain You 
 muft not be frighted with the firft Appea* 
 ranees of a d/fftri^g Scene ; for when you 
 are ufcd to it, you may like the Houfe you 
 go to, better than that you left ; an! 
 your Htisbar/ds Kindncfs will have fo mii h 
 advantage of ours, that we (hall yeild up 
 all Competition^ and as well as we love 
 you, be very well contented to Surrender 
 to fuch a RivaL 
 
 HOV SE, 
 
HOUSE, FAMILY, Sec. ^5 
 
 HOUSE, FAMILY, and 
 C HILD^EN. 
 
 YO U muft lay before you,wj Dear,that 
 there are degrees of Care to recom- 
 meod your felf to the World in the feveral 
 parts of your Life. In many things, though 
 the doing them well may raifc your Credit 
 and Ejleem, yet the omiffion of them would 
 draw no immediate reproach upon you : In 
 others, where your duty is more particular- 
 ly applyed, the negletl of them is amongft 
 thofe Faults which are not forgiven, and 
 will bring you under a Cenfurey which will 
 be much a heavier thing than the trouble 
 you would avoid. Of this kind istheG<9- 
 "vernment of your Houfe'^ Family, and Chil- 
 dren^ which fince it is the Province allotted 
 to your Sex, and that xht dijchargirjgit well, 
 will for that reafon be expecled from you, 
 if you either defcrt it out of Ldzinefs, or 
 manage it ill for want of skilly inflead of a 
 Help you will be an Incumbrance to the Fa- 
 mily where you are placed. 
 
 I muft tell you, that no reffe^t is lafting, 
 
 but that which is produced by our being 
 
 in fome degree ufeful to thofe that pay it. 
 
 Where that faileth the Homage and the 
 
 D 2 Reve 
 
1 6 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 Reverence go along with it, and fly too- 
 thers wliere fomething may be expected in 
 exchange for them. And upon this prin- 
 ciple the refpecis even of the Children dinA 
 the Servants will not ftay with one that 
 doth not think them worth their Care, 
 and the old Houfe-keeper fliall make a bet- 
 ter Figure in the Family, than the Lady 
 with all her fineCloaths, if flie wilfully re- 
 linquifhes her Title to the Government. 
 Therefore take heed of carrying yom good 
 Breeding to fuch a height, as to be good for 
 nothing, and to be proud of it. Some 
 think it hatha great Air to be above trou- 
 bling their thoughts with fuch ordinary 
 things as their Houfe and Family ; others 
 dare not admit Cnreshi* fear they fhould 
 haften Wrinkles ; mifta!<en Pride maketh 
 fome think they muft keepthemfelvesup, 
 and defcend not to thefc Duties, which do 
 not feem enough refined for gi'cat Ladies 
 to be implovM in; forgetting all this 
 while, that it is more than tlic grcatell 
 Princes C3.ndOj at once to prcfcrvercfpecl:, 
 and to neglcfl: their ]>ufinefs. No ^/^f ever 
 erected Jltars to inflg?jfjicant Gods; they 
 had all fome quality applied to them to 
 draw jvor/I?fp from Mankind ; this makctli 
 it the more unrcafonablc for a Lady to ex- 
 pect to be confidcr'd, and at the fame time 
 
 refolve 
 
BOUSE, FAMILl &c. 57 
 
 refolve not to deferveit. Good looks slonc 
 will not do ; they are not fuch a lafting 
 Temrcj as to be relied upon ; and if they 
 fliould ftay longer than they ufually do, it 
 will by no means be fate to depend upon 
 them: For when time hath abated the 
 violence of the firft liking, and that the 
 Napp is a little worn off, though ftill a 
 good degree of kindnefs may remain, Men 
 recover their fight which before might be 
 dazled and allow thtmfelves to objeffc 
 as well as to admire. 
 
 In fuch a Cafe, when a Hi^^^^Wfeethan 
 empty airy thing fail up and down the 
 Houie to no kind of purpofe, and look as 
 if fhe came thither only to make a Vifir, 
 When he findeth that after her Empti- 
 nejs hath been extreme bufie about forne 
 very fenfelefs thing, ihe eats her Break- 
 faft half an hour before Dinner, to be at 
 greater liberty to afflid the Company 
 with her Difcourfe; then calleth for her 
 Coach, that flie may trouble her Acquain- 
 tance, who are already cloyM with her: 
 And having fome prober Dialogues ready to 
 difplay her Fooli^j Eloc^uence at the top of 
 the Stairs, flie fetteth out like a Ship out 
 of the Harbour, laden with trifles and 
 Cometh back with them : at her return 
 fhe repeateth to her faithful Waiting-Wo- 
 
 1^ 3 man. 
 
3 8 Advice to a Daughter 
 
 man, the Triumphs of that day's Imper- 
 timrice ; then wrap'd up in Flattery and 
 clean Linen, goeth to Bed fo fatisfied, that 
 it throweth her into pleafant Dreams of 
 her own Felicity, Such a one is feldom 
 ferious but with \\cvTajlor\ her Children 
 and Family may now and then have a 
 random thought, but fhe never takedi 
 aim but at fomething very impertinent. I 
 fay, when a Hn<sba?jdy whofe Province is 
 without Doors, and to whom the Oeco* 
 nomy of the Houfe would be in fome 
 degree Indecent, findeth no Order nor 
 Qujet in his Fdmlj^ meeteth with Com- 
 fUmts of all kinds fpringing from this 
 Root; The Mifiuken Ladj^ whothinketh 
 to make amends for all this, by having 
 a well-chofen Petty-Coat^ will at lalt be 
 convinced of her Error, and with grief 
 be forced to undergo the Penalties that 
 belong to thofewhoarc willfully 7/;//^^ »/- 
 fcant. When this fcurvy hour cometh 
 upon her, flic firft groweth A^/gry\ then 
 when the time of it is paft, would per- 
 haps grow rvtjer^ not remcmbring thati 
 we can no more have VVifdom thaoj 
 Crace^ whenever wo think fit to call for' 
 it. There arc Times and Periods fix'd 
 for both ; and when they arc too longj 
 i cgktled, the Puninimcnt is, that they* 
 
 are 
 
BOUSE, FAMILl Sec. 39 
 
 are Irrecoverable j and nothing remaineth 
 but an ufelefs Grkf for the Folly of hav- 
 ing thrown them out of our Power. You 
 are to think what a mean Figure a Wo- 
 man maketh, when fbe is fo degraded 
 by her own Fault ; whereas there is no- 
 thing in thofe Duties which are expetled 
 from youj that can be a leffening to you, 
 except your want of ConduB makes it fo. 
 You may love your Children without liv- 
 ing in the Nurfery, and you may have a 
 competent and difcreet care of them, with- 
 out letting it break out upon the Compa^ 
 ny, or expofing your felf by turning your 
 Difcourfe that way, which is a kind of 
 Laying Children to the Parijijy and it can 
 hardly be done any where, that thofe 
 who bear it will be fo forgiving, as 
 not to think they are overcharged with 
 them. A Woman's tendemefs to her Ch:U 
 dren is one of the leaft deceitful Evidences 
 of the Vertue ; but yet the way of ex- 
 preffing it, muii be fubjccl to the Rules 
 of good Breeding : and though a 'A'oma/i 
 of Oddity ought not to be lefs kind to 
 them, than Mothers of xX\^Me.vne(l Rank 
 are to theirs, yet fhe may diuinguifli her 
 lelf in the manner^ and avoid the courfe 
 Methods, which in Women of a lower fiz- 
 might be more cxcufable. You muft b> 
 D 4 ^ia 
 
40 Jchtce to a Vau^hter. 
 
 gin early to make tliem /ove you, that 
 ihey may okjy you. This Mixture is no 
 where more nccelTary tlian in Children. 
 And I muft tell you, that you are not 
 to cxpeit Returns of Kindnefs from 
 yours, if ever you have any, without 
 Grains of Allowance , and yet it is not 
 fo much a defecJ in their gcod Nature^ 
 as a fl.'ortnefs of Thought in them. Their 
 firft J,ijufficiency maketh them lean fo en- 
 tirely upon their Parents for what is m- 
 ci'lf.try, that the habit of it maketh them 
 continue the fame Expe^ations for what 
 is um-edfonable ^ and as often as they are 
 denied^ lo often they think they are in- 
 jured'. And whilfl: their Defires are ftrong, 
 and tlieir Reajons yet in the Cradle, then* 
 Jmer looketh no farther than the thinix 
 they long for and cannot have ; And to 
 be difpfeajed for their own goo d^ is a Mix- 
 im they are very flow to underftand : So 
 that you may conclude, the firft Thouglits 
 of \'Our Children u ill have no fmall Mix- 
 ture of Mutiny; which being fo natural, 
 \'oa muftnotbe angry, except you would 
 increafe it. You muft deny them as fel- 
 dom as you can, and when there is no 
 avoiding it, you muft do it gently ; you 
 muft (latter away tlieir ill Humour, and 
 rake the next Opportunity of plealing 
 
 rliem 
 
HOUSE, FAMILY, &cc. 41 
 
 them in fome other thing, before they 
 cither ask or look for it: This will 
 ftrengthen your Authority, by making it 
 foft to them ; and confirm their Obedi- 
 erne, by making it their Intereft You 
 are to have as ftrid a Guard upon your 
 felf amongft your Children'^ as if you were 
 amongft your Enemies. They are apt to 
 make wrong Inferences, to take Encou- 
 ragement from half Words, and mifap- 
 ply what you may fay or do, foas either 
 to leffen their Duty, or to extend their 
 Liberty farther than is convenient. Let 
 them be more in awe of your Kjridnefi, 
 than of your Po^er. And above all, take 
 heed of fupporting a Favorite Child in 
 its Impertinence, which will give Right 
 to the reft of claiming the fame Privilege. 
 If you have a divided Number, leave the 
 Boys to the Fathcr^s more peculiar Care, 
 that you may with greater Juftice pre- 
 tend to a more immediate Jurifdiftion over 
 thofe of vour own Sex. Yoj are to live 
 fo with them, that they may never chufQ 
 to avoid you, except when they have of* 
 fended; and then lee them tremble, that 
 they may diftinguifli : But their Penance 
 muft not continue fo long as to grow too 
 forver upon their Stomachs^ tliat it may not 
 harden inftead of correcfiy>2 thep : I'he 
 
 kind 
 
4^ advice to a Daughter. 
 
 kind and fevere Part muft have their fe- 
 vcral tur/is feafonably applied ; but your 
 Indulgence is to have the broader mix- 
 ture, that Love rather than Fear^ may 
 be the Root of their Obedience. 
 
 Your Servants are in the next place 
 to be confidered : and you muft remem- 
 ber not to fall in the miftakc of think- 
 ing, that becaufe they receive Wages, 
 and are fo much Inferwur to you, there- 
 fore they are heloxv your Care to know 
 how to manage them. It would be as 
 good Reafon for a Msjler Workman to 
 defpife the Wheels of his Engines^ becaufe 
 they are made of Pf^ood. Thefe are the 
 Wheels of your Family ; and let your Di- 
 reftions be never fo faultlefs, yet if thefe 
 Engines ftop or move wrong, the whole 
 Order of your Houfe is either at a ftand, 
 or difcompofcd. Befides, the Inequality 
 which is between you, muft not make 
 you forget, that Nature makcth no fuch 
 diftinftion, hut th^t Servants may be look- 
 ed upon as humble Friends^ and that 
 Returns of Kjndnefs dinA good Vfage^vQ as 
 much due to fuch of them as defer vc it, 
 as their Service is due to u^ when we re- 
 quire it. J foolijjjhaughtinejs in the Style 
 of [peaking . or in the manner of command^ 
 y,<ig them, is in its fclf very undecent : 
 
 be- 
 
HOUSE, FAMILY, &c. 4^ 
 
 befides that it begetteth an Averfton in 
 them, of which the kaft ill EtFed to be 
 expcfted, is, that they will h^ flow and 
 carelefs in all that is injoyned them : And 
 you will find it true by your Experience, 
 that you will be fo much the more ohey- 
 ed as you are lefs Imferiom. Be not too 
 hafty in giving your Ordersj nor too an- 
 grj when they are not altogether Obfer- 
 vedy much lefs are you to be loud, and 
 too much difturbed : An evenmfs in di- 
 ftinguifhing when they do well or iHj is 
 that which will make your Family move 
 by a Rule, and without Noife, and will the 
 better fet out your Skill in conducting 
 it with Eafe and Silence, that it may be 
 like a well difciplin'd Army ; which know- 
 eth how to anticipate the Or^rj that are 
 fit to be given them. You are never 
 to negleft the Duty of the p-efent Hour 
 to do another thing, which though it 
 may be better in it felf, is not to be 
 unfeafonably preferred. Allot well cho- 
 fen Hours for the Infpeftion of your Fa- 
 mtly^ which may be fo diftinguifhed from 
 the reft of your Time, that the necejfary 
 Cares may come in their proper Place,, 
 without any Influence upon your good 
 Humour, or Interruption to other things. 
 By thefe Methods you will put your felf 
 
 in 
 
44- Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 in poffelTion of being valued by your Ser* 
 vants, and then their Olfedie/tce will natu- 
 rally follow. 
 
 I mull not forget one of the greateft 
 Articles belonging to a Familj^ whicli is 
 tlie Exvence, Ic muft not be fuch, as by 
 failing either in the Time or mtafure of 
 it, may rather draw Ce?^Juretha.ng2i'm Jp- 
 p/aufe. If it was well examined, there is 
 more Money given ro be laughed at, than 
 for any one thing in the World, though 
 the Parchafers do not think fo. A well 
 ftated Rule is like the Line^ when that is 
 once pafs'd we are under another Po/e ; 
 fo the firft jlrayw^ from ciRu/e^ is a ftep 
 towards making that which was before a 
 Vertue^ to change its Nature, and to grow 
 cither into a Vtce^ or at leaft an Im- 
 pertinence. The Art of laying out Mo* 
 ney wifely, is not attained to without a 
 grc-at deal of thought ; and it is yet more 
 difficult in the Cafe of a Wtfe^ who is ac- 
 countable to her Hti5ba>id tor her mi- 
 ftakes in it. It Is not only his Money^ 
 his Credit too is at Stake, if what lyeth 
 under the Wtfe^ Care is managed, either 
 with undccent Thrifty or too loofc Pro- 
 fufion. You are therefore to keep the 
 Mean between thefc two Extremes^ and 
 it being hardly poffiblc to hold the Ba- 
 lance 
 
BOUSE, FAMILY, &c. 45 
 
 lance exaftly even, let it rather incline to- 
 wards the Liberal fide as more fuitable to 
 your Quality^ and lefs fubjeft to Reproach. 
 Of the two a little Momy mifpent is foon- 
 er recovered^ than the Credit which is loft 
 by having it imhandfomely yiz>f^; and a 
 Wife Hmhani will lefs forgive a Oiame- 
 ful piece of Parfimonyj than a little Extra- 
 vagance^ if it be not too often repeated. 
 His Mind, in this muft be your chief Di- 
 reciion\ 3.nd his Temper^ when once known, 
 will in great meafure juftifie your pare 
 in the management, if he is pleafed with 
 it 
 
 In your Clothes avoid too much Gau- 
 dy ; do not value your felf upon an//»^ 
 hr older ed Gown ; and remember that a 
 reafonahle Word, or an obliging Look, will 
 gain you morerefpeft, than all your fine 
 Trappings. This is not faid to reftrain 
 you from a decent Compliance with the 
 World, provided you take the wifer, and 
 not the foolifher part of your Sex for 
 your Pattern. Some diJlinHions are to be 
 allowed, whilft they are well fuited to 
 your Quality and Fortune, and in the di- 
 ftribution of the Expence, it feemeth to 
 me that a ///// Attendance ^ and well cho fen 
 Ornaments for your Houfe, will make you a 
 better Figure, than too much glittering in 
 
 what 
 
46 jidVtce to a Daughter. 
 
 what you wear, which may with more 
 cafe be imitated by thofe that are below 
 you. Yet this muft not tempt you to 
 flarve every thing but your own Appart- 
 ment; or in order to more abundance 
 there, give jutt caufe to the leaft Ser- 
 vant you have, to complain of the Want 
 of what is neceffary. Above all, fix it 
 in .'your thoughts, as an unchangeable 
 Maxim^ That nothing is truly fnehux, what 
 IS fit ^ and that juft fo much as is proper 
 for your Circumftames of their fcveral 
 kinds, is much finer than all you can add 
 to it. When you once break through thefc 
 bounds, you launch into a wide Sea of Ex- 
 trxvagmce. Every thing will become ne- 
 ceffary, becaufe you have a mind to it ^ and 
 you have a mind to it, not bccaufc it is 
 fit for you, but becaufe fome body elfc 
 hath it. This l.Adfs Ij)gick fetteth Rea- 
 fon upon its Head, by carrying the Rule 
 from things to Verjons^ and appealing from 
 what is right to every Fool that is in the 
 wrong. The word mcejfArj is miferably 
 applycd, it diforderech Families^ and 0- 
 vertuncth Governments by being fo abufed. 
 Remember that Children and Fools want 
 every thing becaufe they want Wit to di- 
 llinguifh : and therefore there is no Arong- 
 W' Evidence of a CrAzy VndfrJUndingy 
 
 than 
 
BOUSEy FAMILY, &cc. 47 
 
 than the making too large a Catalogue 
 of things neceffary, when in truth there 
 are fo very few things that have a right 
 to be placed in it. Try every thing firft 
 in your "Judgment^ before you allow it a 
 place in your Deftre ; elfe your Husband 
 may think it as neceffary for him to deny, 
 as it is for you to have whatever isunrea- 
 fonablc ; and if you fhall too often give 
 him that advantage, the habit oi refuftng 
 may perhaps reach to things that are not 
 unfit for you. 
 
 There are unthinking Ladies^ who do 
 not enough confider how little their own 
 Figure agreeth with t\\Q fine things they 
 are fo proud of. Others when they have 
 them will hardly allow them to be t'//7^/^ ; 
 they cannot be feen without Lights and 
 that is manv times fo fawcy and fo pry- 
 ing, that like a too forward Gallant it is 
 to be forbid the Chamber. Some, when 
 you are ufhered into their DarkRuelle^ it 
 is with fuch folemnity, that a Man would 
 fwear there was fomething in it^ till 
 the Unskillful Ladj brcaketh filence, and 
 beginneth a Chat, which difcovercth 
 it is a Puppet play with Magnificent Scenes. 
 Many efteem things rather as they are 
 hard to be gotten, than that they are 
 worth getting : This looketh as if they 
 
 had 
 
48 advice to a Daughter. 
 
 had an Intereft to purfue that Maxim, 
 becaufe a great part of their own z^a/ue 
 dependeth upon it. Truth inthefe Cafes 
 would be often unwxrjnerly^ and might 
 derogate from the Prerogative^ great La- 
 dies would allame to themfclves, of be- 
 ing diftinft Creatures from thofe of their 
 Sex, which are inferiour, and of lefs diffi- 
 cult accefs. 
 
 In other things too, your Condition 
 mull: give the rule to you, and there- 
 fore it is not a Wife's part to aim at 
 m^re than a bounded Liberality \ the far- 
 ther extent of that Quality fotherwife to 
 be commended) belongeth tothe Hit^shand^ 
 who hath better means for it. Generofi- 
 ty wrong placed bccometh a Vice. It is 
 no more a Vertue when it groweth into 
 an Inconvenience^ Vertues mull be inlarg- 
 edor reftrained according todiftering Cir- 
 cumftinccs. P^ Princely Mind will undo a 
 private Lamily. Therefore things mull be 
 fuitcd, or elfc they will not defervetobe 
 Commended, let them in themfclves be 
 never ib valuable: And the ExiKxlations 
 of the World arc bcfc anfwered when wc 
 acquit our felvcs in that manner which 
 fecmeth to be prcfcribcd to cur fcvcral 
 Conditions, without ufurping upon thofe 
 Duties, which do not fo particularly be- 
 long to u^, I 
 
I will clofe the confideration of this 
 Jrt^cle of Exfencej with this fhott word ; 
 Do noi fetter your felf with fuch a Re- 
 Jiramt in it as may make you Remark- 
 able ; but remember that Vertue is the great- 
 eft Ornament^ and good Se?-jce the befi Eqfu^ 
 page. 
 
 BEHjriOU^andCON' 
 VE^SATION. 
 
 IT is time now to lead you out of your 
 Houfe into the World. A Dangerous 
 ftep; where your Vertue alone will not 
 fecure you, except it is attended with a 
 great deal of Prudence. You muft have 
 both for your Guard^ and not ftir without 
 them. The Enemy is abroad, and you 
 are fure to be taken, if you are found 
 ftragling. Your Behaviour is therefore 
 to' incline ftrongly towards the Refer-- 
 ved part ; your Character is to be im- 
 moveably fixed upon that Bottom, not 
 excluding a mixture of greater freedom, 
 as far as it may be innocent and well-timed. 
 The Extravagancies of the Age have made 
 Cmtion more neceflary 5 and by the fam.e 
 
 E rea- 
 
5 o Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 reafon that the too great Licence of ill 
 Men hath by Confequence in many things 
 reftrained the Lawful Liberty of thofewho 
 did not abufe it, the unjuftifiable Free- 
 doms of fome of your Sex have involved 
 the reft in the Penalty of being reduced. 
 And though this cannot fo alter the Na- 
 ture of things, as to make that Crimi?2Al^ 
 which in its felf is Indifferent ; yet if it 
 maketh itdAngerouSy that alone is fufficient 
 to juftifie the Rejfraint. A clofe behaviour 
 is the fitteft to receive Vertue for its con- 
 ftant Guefi^ becaufe there, and there only, 
 it can be fecure. Proper Referves are the 
 Outworks, and muft never be deferted by 
 thofe who intend to keep the Place 5 they 
 keep off the poflibilities not only of be- 
 ing taken ^ but of being attempted; and 
 if a Woman feeth Danger tho' at never fo 
 remote a Diltance, flie is for that time 
 to fhorten her Line of Liberty, She who 
 will allow her felf to go to the utmofi 
 Extent of every thing that is Lawful^ is 
 fo very near going farther, that thofe who 
 lie at watch will begin to count upon 
 her. 
 
 Mankind^ from the double temptation 
 of Fmtty and Defire^ is apt to turn every 
 thing a Woman doth to the hoptful fide ; 
 and there are lew who dare make an im.- 
 
 pudent 
 
BEHAVIOUR, &c. 51 
 
 pudent Application, till they difcern fome- 
 thing which they are willing to take for 
 an Encouragement. It is lafer therefore to 
 prevent fuch Forrvardnefs^ than to go about 
 to cure it. It gathereth Strength by the 
 firft allowances^ and claimeth a right from 
 having been at any tinie fufFered with Im- 
 punity. Therefore nothing is with more 
 care to be avoided, than fuch a kind of 
 Civility as may be millaken for Invitati- 
 on ; and it will not be enough for you to 
 keep your felf free from any criminal 
 Engagements '^ for if you do that which 
 either raifes Hopes or createth Difcourfe, 
 there is a Spot thrown upon your Good 
 Name ; and thofe kinds of Stains are the 
 harder to be taken out being dropped upon 
 you by the Mans Vanity ^ as well as by the 
 Womans Malice. 
 
 Mod Men are in one fence Platonkk Lo- 
 versy though they are not willing to own 
 that Charaher. They are fo far Fhilofo- 
 fhersy as to allow that the greateft part of 
 Pleafure lieth in the Mind \ and in pur- 
 fuance of that Maxim^ there are kw who 
 do not place the Felicity more in the Opi- 
 nion of the V/orld, of their being projpe- 
 ro fid' Lovers J thanin the B/i?^-??^ itlelf, how 
 much foever they appear to value it. This 
 being fo, you muft be very cautious not to 
 
 R 2 gratifie 
 
5 1 Advice to a Vauzhter. 
 
 gratiHe thefe Camdeons at the price of 
 bringing a Cloud upon your Reputatio^^ 
 which may be deeply wounded, tho' your 
 Xionfcience is unconcerned. 
 
 Your own Sex too will not fail to help 
 the leaft Appearance that glveth a Hxndle 
 to be ill-turned. The belt of them will 
 not be difpleafed to improve their own Va- 
 lue, by laying others under a Difadvan^ 
 tagey when there is a fair Occafion given 
 for it. Itdiftinguifheththemftil! the more 
 their own Crf^'/^ is more exalted, and, like 
 a Pi£lure fet OfF with Shades, fl^inerh more 
 wh^n a Lady-i either lefs Innocent^ or lefs 
 Dtfcreet is fet near, to make them appear 
 fo much the brighter. If thelelcnd the! 
 Breadi to blaft fuch as arefo unwary as to 
 give them this Advantage, you may be 
 fare there will bj a Wronger Ga'e from 
 thofe, who, befidcs Malice or EmuUtm;^ 
 have an Irnrejl too, to ftrike hard upon a 
 Vertuous Woman. Itfcemethtothcm,ti]aL 
 their Load of Infamy is lelTencd, by throw- • 
 ing part ol' it upon others : So that they 
 will not only improve when itlicthin tlieir 
 way, but ta'cc pains to find out tlie lea 
 miltake an ln}7o:e}7t Woman committeth, in 
 Revenge of the Injury Hie doth in leading 
 a Life which is a Reproach to them. With 
 ihefe you mull be extreme n^arj^ and nei- 
 ther 
 
BEHAVIOUR &CC. 5? 
 
 ther provoke theni to be a^grj, nor invite 
 them to h^ Intimate, 
 
 To the Men you are to have a Behavi- 
 our which may fecure you, without offend- 
 ing them. 'No ill-bred 2i&QitA SLynefs^ 
 nor a Roughnefs, uniuitable to your Sex^^nd 
 unneceffary to your Fertue ;, but a way of 
 Living that may prevent all courfe Raille- 
 ries or unmannerbj Freedoms ; Looks that 
 forbid without Rudenefs^ and oblige with- 
 out Invitation^ or leaving room for the 
 fawcy Inferences Men's Vaniry fuggefteth 
 to them upon the leaft Encouragements, 
 This is fo very nice, that it muft engage 
 you to have a perpetual Watch upnnyour 
 Ejes^ and to remember, that ore cai elefs 
 Glance givcth more advantage than a hun- 
 dred Words, not enough confidered ; the 
 Language of the Eyes being very much the 
 pioft Significant, and the moR:ol?/erved. 
 
 Your Ctvility, which is always to be pre- 
 fervedj muft not be carried to a Compliance^ 
 which may betray you into irrecoverable 
 Miftakes. This French ambiguous v/ord 
 Comflaifance hath led your Sex into more 
 blame, than all other things put together. 
 It carrieth them by degrees iiito a certain 
 thing called a good kind of Woman, an 
 ieafie Idle Creature, that doth neither Good 
 |nor /// hue by chance, hath no Choice, but 
 E J leavcth 
 
54 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 leaveth that to the Company fhe kcepeth. 
 7///?f, which by degrees addeth tothelig- 
 nification of IVcrds^ hath made her, ac- 
 cording to the Modern Style, Uttle better 
 than one who thinketh it a Rudenefs to de- 
 ny when civily required, either her Service 
 in Perforij or hcv friendly Jfjiftame^ to thofe 
 who would have a meetings or want a C^;/- 
 jident. She is a certain thing always at 
 hand, an eafie Compamon, who hath ever 
 great Comfajfwn for dtftrejfed Lovers : She 
 cenfureth nothing but Rigor^ and is never 
 without a PLxiJler for a wounded Reputation^ 
 in which chiefly lieth her Skill in Chirur- 
 gery ; She feldom hath the Propriety of 
 any pxrticuUr Gallant^ but hveth upon Bro- 
 kage, and waiteth for the Scraps her Friends 
 are content to leave her. 
 
 There is another Character not quite fo 
 Criminal^ yet not Icfs Ridiculous ; which is 
 that of 2i good' humour'* dlVoma?7 J one who 
 thinketh Ihe muft always be in a LaugJ^^ 
 or a broad Smile ^ becaufe Good-humour li 
 an obliging Quality ; thinketh it lefs ill- 
 manners to talk Impertinently^ than to be 
 filcnt m Company. When fuch a prating 
 En^rjne rideth Admiral^ and carricth the 
 LdhUrn in a Circle of Fools^ a cheerful Cox- 1 
 comb coming in for a Recruit^ the Chatten. 
 of Mcnkejs is a better nujfe than fuch 
 
 Co 
 
BEHAVIOUR, &CC. 55 
 
 Comen of jenfelefs Merriment. If fhc is 
 applauded in it, fhe is fo encouraged, that, 
 like a BaHad firiger^ who if commended, 
 breakcth his Lungs, fhe lettcth her felf 
 loofe, and overfloweth upon the Compa- 
 ny. She conceiveth that Mirth is to have 
 no intermifTion, and therefore fhe will car- 
 ry it about with her, though it be to a 
 Funeral ; and if a Man fhould put a fa- 
 miliar Queftion, fhe doth not know ve- 
 ry well how to be angry, for then fhe 
 would be no more that pretty thing called 
 a Good humour'* d Womm, This neceffity 
 of appearing at all times to be fo infinitely 
 pleafed is a grievous miftake; fince in a 
 handfom Woman that Invitation is unnecef- 
 fary ; and in one who is not fo, ridiculous. 
 It is not intended by this, that youQiould 
 forfwear Laughing ; but remember, that 
 Fools being always painted in that pofture, 
 it may fright thofe who are wife from 
 doing it too frequently, and going too 
 near a Copy which is fo little inviting^ 
 and much more from doing it loud^ which 
 is an unnatural Sound, and looketh fo much 
 like another Sex, that few things are more 
 offenfive. That hoilkroHs kind of 'jollity 
 is as contrary \<dWit ^nd Good Manners, as 
 it is to Modejlji ^nd Fertue. BefideSj it is 
 a courfe kind of quality, that throweth a 
 
 E 4 Woman 
 
56 yichtce to a T'au^hter 
 
 Woman into a lower Form, and degradeth 
 her from the Rank of ihofe who are more 
 refined. Some L.^dtes Ipcak load and make 
 a /jofff ro be the more minded, which 
 Icoketh as ir they beat their Drwms for 
 Volunteers^ and if by misfortune none come 
 in to them, liiey iray, not without rea- 
 fon* be a good dca! out of Countenance. 
 
 There is one thing yet more to be 
 avoided, which is the Exa-^r.ple of tlioie 
 who incend nothing tarlh:^.r than the Va- 
 nity of Coni^neft^ and think themfelvcs 
 fecure of not having their Honour tainted 
 by it. Some are apt to believe their /'^tr- 
 tue is too Ohfcure^ and not enough k-aown^ 
 except it is expofed to a hroActir Light^ 
 and fct out to its bcft advantage, by feme 
 publick Trials, Thefe are dangerous ex- 
 periments, and generally fail, being built 
 upon fo weak a foundation, as that of a 
 too great Confidence in our fclvcs. It is as 
 fafeto play with Yire^ as to daly w ith Gd- 
 lantY), Love is a Talfion that hath Frienc's 
 in the Garrifon, and lor that reifon muft 
 by a Woman be kept at fuch a diftancc, 
 that (lie may not be within the danger 
 of doing the moft ufual tiling in the 
 World, which is confpiring a^';ainrr her 
 Self ; Elfc the Ivjmblc Gallant, who is on- 
 ly admitted as a Trophy, very often be- 
 come ih 
 
BEHAVIOUR, Sec. 57 
 
 cometh the Conquerour ; he putteth on 
 the ftyle of vidory, and from an Admirer 
 groweth into a JVhfier^ for fo he may be 
 called from the moment he is in Poileffi- 
 on. The firft Refolutions of flopping at 
 good Opinion and Efteem, grow weak- 
 er by degrees againft the Charms of 
 Courtfljip skilfully applied. A Lady is apt 
 to think a Man fpeaketh fo much reafon 
 whilft he is Commencing her, that fhe 
 hath much ado to believe him in the 
 wrong when he is making Love to her: 
 And when beQdcs the natural Inducements 
 your Sex hath to be merciful, fhe is bri- 
 bed by well chofen FLitterj^ the poor C rea- 
 ture is in danger of being caught like a 
 Bird liftening to the Whiiile of one that 
 hath a Snare for it. CWjy/^/? is fo tempt- 
 ing a tiling, that it often maketh Women 
 miftake ivlen^s Submijjioyis ; which with all 
 their fair i\ppearance, have generally lefs 
 Refpeci than Art in them. You are to 
 remember, that Men v;ho lay extreme 
 fine things, many times fay them mofi: for 
 their own fakes ; and that the vain Gal- 
 Jant is ofi:en as well pleaf^d with his own 
 'Compliments^ as he could be wich the kwd- 
 efi anfiver. Where there is not that OJtcn- 
 tation }'Gu are to fufpeS there is Defign, 
 iind as ftrong ferfumes are feldom ufed 
 
 but 
 
5 8 MVice to a Daughter, 
 
 but where they are neceflary to fmother 
 an unwelcome fce?ft ; fo Excefjive good 
 Words leave room to believe thev areftrew- 
 ed to cover fomething, which is to gain 
 admittance under a Difguife. You mufl 
 therefore be upon your Guard, andconfi- 
 der, that of the two Refpecf is more dan- 
 gerous than J^ger. It puts even the beft 
 Underftandings out of their place for the 
 time, till their fecond thoughts reftore 
 them ; it ftealeth upon us infenfibly, throw- 
 eth down our Defences^ and maketh it too 
 late to refift, afcer we have given it that 
 advantage. Whereas railing goeth away 
 in found ; it hath fo much noife in it, that 
 by giving warning it befpeaketh Caution. 
 Refpe5t is a flow and a fure Poifo^^ and 
 like Poifon fwelleth us within our felves ; 
 Where it prevaileth too much, it groweth 
 to be a kind of Jpoplexte in the Mind, 
 turneth it quite round, and afcer it hath 
 once feized the Underftanding, becometh 
 mortd to it. For tliefe reafons, the fafeft 
 way is to treat it like a fly Enemy, and to 
 be perpetually upon tlic watch againft it. 
 
 I will add one Advice to conclude this 
 head, which is that you will let every fevcn 
 years make fomc alteration in you towards 
 the Graver fide^ and not be like the Girls 
 of Fifty, whorcfolvc to be always Toang^ 
 
 what' 
 
BEHAVIOUR, 8cc. 59 
 
 whatever Time with his Iron Teeth hath 
 determined to the contrary. Unnatural 
 things carry a Deformity in them never to 
 be Dtfguifed ; the Livelinefs of Touth in a 
 riper Age, looketh Hke a /^^u? /^^^^^ upon 
 an old Gown ; fo that a G^j/ Matron^ a 
 cheerful t?/^ f W may be reafonably put in- 
 to the lift of the Tamer kind of Monfiers. 
 There is a certain Creature call d a Grave 
 Hobhy-Horfe^ a kind of a (he Mumps^ tliat 
 pretendeth to be pulled to a Play, and 
 muftneedsgoto Bartholomew-Fair^ to look 
 after the young folks, whom fhe. only 
 feemeth to make her care, in reality fhe 
 taketh them for her excufc. Such an old 
 Butterfly is of all Creatures^ the moft ri- 
 diculous, and the fooneft found out. It is 
 good to be early in your Caution, to avoid 
 any thing that cometh within diftance of 
 fuch defpicable Patterns, and not like fome 
 Ladies who defer their Converfion^ till they 
 have been fo long in poflTcflion of being 
 laughed at, that the World doth not know 
 how to change their ftyle, even when they 
 are reclaimed from that which gave the firft 
 occafion for ic. 
 
 The advantages of being referred are 
 too many to be fet down, I will only fay, 
 that it is a Guard to 2ioood Womany and a 
 Vifguife to an /// one. It is of fo much ufc 
 
 to 
 
6o advice to a Daughter. 
 
 to both, thjit thofe ought to ufe it as an Ar- 
 tijic^^ wiio retufc to pra£lice it as a y^er- 
 tne. 
 
 FTO END SHITS. 
 
 IMuft in a particular manner recom- 
 mend to you a ftrift Care in the 
 Clioicc of } our Friendjhips. Perhaps the 
 beft are not without their Objections^ 
 but however, be fare that yours may not 
 firay from the Rules which the wifer part 
 of the World hath fct to them. The 
 Leagues Oz/i/^/Jx'^ and Dcjenfive^ feldom hold 
 in Politic>^;Sy and much lefs in Fnendjbips. 
 The violent Inti:nacies^ when one is broken, 
 of which they fcarce ever fail, make fuch 
 a Noife^ the Bag of Secrets untied, they 
 fly about like Birds let loofefrom a Cage, 
 and become the EntertMnim-fit of the Town. 
 Bcfides, thefe grcj^.t Dearne^cs by degrees 
 grow Injurious to the rcfb of your Jcqu^in* 
 tance^ c^nd throw them olt' from you. 
 There is fuch an O/fcmftve Diftinflion when 
 the Dcay Friend comcih into the Room, that 
 it \s flinging Stones at the QomfAnj^ who arc 
 not apt to forgive it. 
 
 Do 
 
F(p^I ENDS BITS. 6i 
 
 Do not lay out your FrkndjJnp too Uvt(h^ 
 ly at firft, fince ir will, like other things, 
 be fo much the fooner fpent ; neither let 
 it be of too fudden a growth ; for as the 
 Plants which fhoot up too faft are not 
 of that continumcej as thole which take 
 more time for it y fo too fwift a Frogrefs 
 in pouring out your Kjn^nefs^ is a certain 
 Sigh that by the Courfe of Nature it will 
 not be long- lived. You will be refponfi- 
 bleto the World, if you pitch upon fuch 
 Friends 2iS> at tlie time are under the weight 
 of any Crimind Objection. In that cafe 
 you will bring your fclf under the difad- 
 vantages of their CW/^c?^/, and muft bear 
 your parr of it. Chafing implieth Jpprov- 
 ing\ and if you fix upon a Lady for 
 vour Friend ^^2Lin[i whom the World fhall 
 have given Judgment, 'tis not fo well na- 
 turM as to believe you are altogether a- 
 'verfe to her v>'ay of livings fince it doth 
 not dif::ouragc you from Admitting her 
 into your Krndnefs. And RefemhUnce of 
 InciinAtions being thought none of the 
 leaft Inducements to Friend[lo:f^ you will 
 be looked upcii at leaHr as a Well-wiSier, if 
 not a Partner with her in her Faults. 
 If you can forgive diCm in another, it may 
 be prefuniM, you will not be lefs gentle to 
 ; your felf; and therefore }ou muft not 
 
 take 
 
6i jidVtce to a Daughter. 
 
 take it ill^ if you are reckoned a Croufme^ 
 and condemned to pay an equal fhare witli 
 fuch a Friend of the Reputation fhe hath 
 loft. 
 
 If it happeneth that your Friend fliould 
 fall from the State of Innocence after your 
 Kindnefs was engaged to her, you may be 
 flow in your belief in the beginning of the 
 Difcovery ; but as foon as you are con- 
 vinced by a Rational Evidence^ you muft^ 
 without breaking too roughljy make a far 
 and a quick Retreat from fuch a Miflaken 
 Acquaintance : Elfe by moving too Jlowly 
 from one that is fo tainted, the Contagion 
 may reach you fo far as to give you part 
 of the Scandal^ though not of the Guilt, 
 This Matter is fo nice, that as you muft not 
 be too hafty to jojn in the Cenjure upon 
 your Friend, when (lie is accujed^ fo you 
 are not on the other fide to defend her 
 with too much warmth ; for if fhc (hould 
 happen to dcferve the Report of Conmon 
 Fame^ bcfides the Vexation that belongeth 
 to fuch a miftakc, you will draw an illaf- 
 fearance upon your felf and it will be 
 thouglit you pleaded for her not without 
 fome Confideratton of your felf The /hifger 
 which muft be put on to vindicate the K^^ 
 piialion of an injured Friend, niay incline 
 the Company tofufpcftyou would not be 
 
 fo 
 
F(IiIEN7)SHlfS. 6? 
 
 fo zea/ousj if there was not a poflibility 
 that the Cafe might be your own. For 
 this reafon you are not to carry your /j/f^r- 
 »(?y} fo far, as abfolutely to lofe your Sight 
 where your Friend is concerned. Becaufe 
 M4lice is too quick fighted, it doth not fol- 
 low, that Friendfhip muft be blind : There 
 is to be a Mean between thefe two £jc- 
 tremesy elfe your Excefs of Good Nature 
 may betray you into a very ridiculous Fi- 
 gurey and by degrees you may be preferred 
 to fuch Offices as you will not be proud 
 of. Your Ignorance may leffen the Guilt, 
 but will improve the Jeft upon you, who 
 Ihall be kindly follicitous to procure a 
 Meeting, and innocently contribute to the 
 ills you would avoid : Whilft the Con- 
 triving Lovers, when they are alone, fhall 
 make you theSubjeftof xhm Mirth, and 
 perhaps ( with refpeft to the Goddcfs of 
 Love be it fpoken) it is not the worft 
 part of their Entertainment^ at Isaft it is 
 the moft lafting, to laugh at the believing 
 Friend, who was foeafily deluded. 
 
 Let the good Sence of your Friends be a 
 thief Ingredient in your Choice of them ; 
 elfe let your Reputation be never fo clear, 
 it may be clouded by their Imfertine?7ce* 
 It is like our Houfes being in the Power 
 of a Drunken or a Carelefs Neighbour j on, 
 
6a advice to a Daughter. 
 
 ly fo much worfe, as that there will be 
 no Injurmce hereto make you amends, as 
 there is in the Cafe of Fire. 
 
 To conclude this Paragraph ; If FormA-^ 
 lity is to be allowed in any Inftance, it is 
 to be put on to refill the Invafion of fuch 
 forward Women as ll:iall prefs themfelves 
 into your Frie'/idjJjip^ where if admitted, 
 they will either be a Smre or an //;^r/w- 
 hrance. 
 
 CENSUfl^E. 
 
 I Will come next to the Confideratlon, 
 how you are to manage your Cenfure ; 
 in which bodi Care and skill will be a 
 good deal required. To diftinguiili is not 
 only naturd but necejfdrji ; and the Effect 
 of it is, That we cannot avoid giving 
 Judgment in our Minds, zi\\''x: to /ibfclve 
 or to co}/de?/;u ^s the Cafe rcquiieth. The 
 Difficulty is, to know when and where it is 
 fit to trocla':m the Sentence. An Aver Ji on 
 to what is CrimimL a Cofitewpt of what fs 
 ridiculous^ are the i/pfeperable Comp.tuio?2s of 
 Underftandingand Vertue ; butthe letting 
 them go firthcr than our own Thought's^ 
 hath fo much danger in it, tliat though it 
 
 is 
 
is neither poflible nor fit to fupprefs them 
 intirely, yet it is neceflary they fhould be 
 kept under very great Refiraints. An un- 
 limited Liberty of this kind is little lefs 
 than fending 3.n Herald, and proclaiming 
 War to the World, which is an a^gry Beafi 
 when fo provoked. The conteft will be 
 uneqndj though you are never fo much ia 
 the right ; and if you begin againft fach 
 an Adverfary, it will tear you in pieces, 
 with this Juliification, That it is done in 
 Ks own defence. You muft therefore take 
 heed of Laughing, except in Company that 
 is very fure. It is throwing Snovz-balls 
 againlt Bullets ; and it is ih^dif advantage 
 of a Woman, that the Malice of the World 
 wiUhelp the Brutality of thofe who will 
 throw a (lovenly Vntruth upon her. Ycu 
 are for this reafon to fupprefs your Imfa" 
 tience for Fools; who befides that they are 
 too flrong a Party to be unnecefTarily pro- 
 voked, are of all others, the moft dan- 
 gerous in this Cafe. A blockhead in his 
 Rage will return a duU Jejl that will lie 
 heavy, though there is not a Grain of PVit 
 in it. Others will do it with more Art, 
 and you mull: not think your felf fecure, 
 becaufe your Reputation may perhapj^ bs 
 out of the reach of I/I-wiU; for if irfindetli 
 that part guarded^ it. will feek one which is 
 
 F more 
 
66 advice to a Daughter. 
 
 more expofed. It flieth, like a corrupt Hu- 
 tnouv, in the Bociy, to the make/ parr. 
 If you have a te^^der Side^ the World will 
 be fure to find it, and to put the worft 
 Colour Vi^on al] you fcjy or do, give an 
 Aggravation to every thing that may leffen 
 you, and a jpitefid turn to every thing 
 that micjht recommend you. /inger layeth 
 open thofeDefefls which friendf/jip \V{)u\d 
 not fee, and Civility might he willing to 
 forget. MHice needeth no fuch Invitaticn 
 to encourage it, neither are any Pxins 
 more fupcrHuous than thofe we take to 
 be ill fpoken. If Envy^ which never dy- 
 cth, and feldom llcepeth, is content fome- 
 times to be in a Slumber^ it is very unskilful 
 to make a noife to make it. 
 
 Belides, your Wtt will be ralfapplied if 
 it is wholly direfted to difcern the f ^////j 
 oi others^ when it is fo neceflary to be often 
 ufcd to mend and prevent your own. The 
 fending our Thoughts too much abroad, 
 liath the fame Effefl:, as wlicn a Family 
 never ftayeth at home; Neglecl TinA Dtjor- 
 der naturally followeth; as it muft do 
 within oui fclves, if we do not frequently 
 turn our Eyes inwards, to fee what isamifs 
 with us, wiierc it is a Hgn we have anr/;;- 
 rvelcome Profpectj when we do nor care 
 to look upon it, but rather feck our Con- 
 
 Jo!atwn% 
 
CBNSU^E. 67 
 
 fcUtfons in the Faults of thofe we converfe 
 with. 
 
 Avoid being the firft in fixing a hardQen^ 
 fur By let it be confirmed by ihtgeneralFotce^ 
 before you give into it ; Neither are you 
 then to give Sentence Uke a Magijlrate^ or 
 as if you had a fpecLtl Authority to befto w 
 a good or /■// Name at your difcretiori. 
 Do not dwell too long uponan'f^/t v/Wr^ 
 touch and go away ^ take pleafure to ftay 
 longer where you can commend, like Bees 
 that fix Only upon thofe Herbs out of 
 which tiiey may extract, the Juice of which 
 their Honey is compofed. A Vertue ftuck 
 with Briftles is too rough for this Age ; it 
 muft be adorned with fome Flowers^ or e!fe 
 it will be unwillingly entertained ; fo that 
 even where it may be fit to ftrike, do it 
 like a Lad,)^ gently ; and affurc your felf^ 
 that where you care to do it, you will 
 wound others more, and hurt your felf lefs^ 
 by [oft Stroakesj than by being harfi or via- 
 lent. 
 
 The Triumph of Wit is to make your 
 good Niture fubdue your Cenfure:, to be 
 quick \n feeing Faults^ and flow in expofng 
 them. You are to confider, that the in- 
 Vifible thing called a G^(?^ iV^w^', is made 
 up of the Breath of Numbers that fpeafc 
 Well of you I fo that if by 2idijobUging Word 
 
 F X you 
 
68 ^dVice to a Daughter. 
 
 }^ou filence the meanefi^ the G^fe will be 
 efs ftrong which is to bear up ycjr Efleem. 
 And though nothing is fo vain as the eager 
 purfuit of empty JppUufe, yet to be well 
 thought of and to be kindly ufed by the 
 World, is like a Glory about a Womans 
 Head J tis a Perfume fhe carrieth about 
 witk her, and Icaveth where-e^'er fbe go- 
 eth ; 'tis a Charm againft Ill-nnll. Malice 
 may empty her Quiver, but cannot wound ; 
 the Dirt will not {lick, the Jcfts will not 
 take ; Without the ccnfent of the World 
 a Scandd doth not go deep ; it is only a 
 Slight {Iroak upon the injured Party, and 
 returncth with the greater ibrce upon thofe 
 that gave it. 
 
 VjTiiri and AFFECT jnON. 
 
 IMuft with more than ordinary earneft- 
 nefs give you Caption againft Vanity^ it 
 being the Fault to wliich your Sex fcemeth 
 to be the moft tiiclinei\ and fince AJftHa- 
 tion for the moft part aUendetli it, I do 
 not know how to divide them. I will not 
 call them Tmns^ bccaule mO'C properly 
 Fanitj is the Mother, and AJJtcLn ;o./\^ the 
 darling Da(4^httr\ Vanity 'v^ the Sin, and 
 ^ Ajfeaa- 
 
F jniTY, &c. 6^ 
 
 Affectation is the Punifhment ; the firft may 
 be called the Root of Self-Love^ the o- 
 ther the Fruit. Vanity is never at its full 
 growch till it fpreadech into Affeciatidn, 
 and then it is complcat. 
 
 Not to dwell any longer upon the de- 
 finition of them, I will pafs to the means 
 and motives to avoid them. In order to 
 it, you are to confider, that the World 
 challengeth the right ot diftributing Efteem 
 and Applaufe ; fo that where any aflume 
 by their fingle Authority to be their own 
 Carvers^ it grdweth angry, and never fail- 
 eth to feek Revenge. And if we may mea- 
 fure a Fault by the greatnefs of the Penalty 
 there are few of a higher fjze than Vavity- 
 as there is fcarce a Punifhment which can 
 be heavier than that of being laughed 
 at. 
 
 Vanity maketh a Woman tainted with 
 it, fo top full of herfelf, that (he fpilleth 
 it upon the Company. And becaufe her own 
 thoughts are intirely imployed in Self 
 'Contemplation ; fhe endeavourcth, by a crii- 
 el Miftake, to confine her Jcquai??tanceto 
 the fame narrow Circle of that which only 
 concerneth her Ladifhip, forgetting tliac 
 fhe is not of half that IrnpcrtnKCPioih^ 
 World, that fhe is to herfelf; fo miftaken 
 Ihe is in her Value, by being her own Ap- 
 
 F I praifcr. 
 
JO JaVii? to a Daughter. 
 
 praif.r. SSe \\\\\ tecch fuch a Compafs 
 ill Oifv-ou. fe to bring in her beloved Self^ 
 and rather than lail, her fine Petty-Coat, 
 thattherecanhardlybeabeticr Scene than 
 fuch a Tryal of ridiculcui Ingenuity. It is 
 a Plcafure to fee her Angle for f^w;»f;/^- 
 tio'/is^ and rife fo ditfatibfied with the 111- 
 bcead Coaifxny^ W tiicy will not hite. To 
 obferve her throw ing her Eyes about to 
 fetch in Prilbners, and go about Cruizing 
 Ukc a Privateerj and foout of Coumtndrtcc^ 
 if file return without Booty ^ is no ill piece 
 of Comedy. She is lb eager to draw re- 
 fpeft, that fhe always mificth it, yetthink- 
 eth it fo much her due, that when fhe 
 faileth flie groweth r.Kifpip^ not confider^ 
 ing, that it is impofl^ible to commit a Rape 
 upon the will j that it muft be fairly gain- 
 ed, and will not betaken by Storm \ and 
 that in this Cafe, the Tax ever rifetli 
 higheft by a Berievoleme. If the World 
 inlKad of cdmiring her Imaginary ExceU 
 knciesy takcth the Libe: ty to laugh at them, 
 ("i^c appealed h from it to herfelf, for whom 
 ilie givetii Seyituice^ and proclairaeth it in 
 all Companies. On the orher fide, if incou- 
 ragcd by a CiviilVoyd^ file is fo obliging, 
 that file will ;. jvc thanks fpr being laughed 
 at in good Language. She takctli a Com- 
 pli^/c^tiov a Ccmonitration, and fettcthit 
 
V AKirr. &CC. 71 
 
 up as an Evidemej even againft her Look- 
 ing- Glafs. But the good Lady being all this 
 while in a molt profound Jgnordnce of her 
 felf, forgetteth that Men would not let 
 her talk upon them, and throw fo manv 
 fenfelefs words at their head, if they did 
 not intend to put. her Perfon to Fine and 
 Ranfom, for her Impertmencs, Good words 
 of any otlier Lady, are fo many Stones 
 thrown at her, Ihe can by no means bear 
 them, they make her fo uneafie, thatd^e 
 cannot keep her &4/, but up fhe rifeth, and 
 goeth home half burfl: with A^ger and 
 ^trait-Lacmg. If by great chance (lie faith 
 any thing that hath ftnce in it, ihe ex- 
 pefteth fuch an Exceffive rate of Co:?imen^ 
 dations^ that to her thinking the Company 
 ever nfeth in her Debt, She looketh upon 
 Rules as things made for the common Peo-. 
 pie, and not for Perfons of her Rank ; 
 and this Opinion fometimes tempteth her 
 to extend her Prerogative to the difpenfing 
 with the Commandments. If by great For- 
 tune fhe happenech, infpiteof \\tK Vanity^ 
 to be honeft, flie is fo troublefome with it 
 that as tar as in her lieth, fhe makcth d^fcur- 
 *vy thing of it. Her bragging of her Vertue^ 
 looketh as it' it coll her fo much pains to 
 get the better of her Self, that the U^ 
 ferencti ar^ very ridiculous, Hqv goodHj^-^ 
 
 V 4 mour,, 
 
.idVtce to a Daughter. 
 
 mour is generally applied to the laughing 
 at good> Senfe It would do one good ro 
 fee how heartily fhe defpifeth any thing 
 that is fie fo'^ her to do. The greatefl: part 
 of her Fancy is laid out in chiifing her Gow^y 
 as her Difcretion is chiefly imploy'd in not^ 
 T^V^^g fo^ it. She is faithful to the Fajhfon, 
 to whi^h not only her Ofmioyi^ but her 
 Se'/ifcs are wliolly refigned : So oblequious 
 fhe is to it, that llie would be ready to 
 be reconciled even to Vertue with all its 
 Fault Sy if (he had her Dancing Maftcr's 
 Word that it was praftisM at Court, 
 
 To a Woman fo compos'd when Affecta- 
 tion comtth in to impr ve her Charachr^ 
 it is then raifed to the highefl: PerftcHo^. 
 She firft fetteth up for a Fine thin^^^ and for 
 that Reafon will diftinguilli her felf, right 
 or wrong, in every thing ihe doth. She 
 would have it thought that flie is made 
 of fo much the fi/ter Claj^ and (o much 
 more fifted than ordinary that flic hatli 
 tio ccmr/w/i Edrth about her. To this end 
 •file muft neither move nor fpeak like 
 other Women, becaufc it would be vulgar ; 
 and therefore muft have a Language of 
 her orvn^ finccordi/^ajy E^gfijh is toucouilc 
 for her. The Lool'i^g-glafs in thc.Morning 
 diftatcth to her all the /J^//c;///of the Day, 
 Whiv-'h bv' how rrniJi t!.c more Jludied, 
 
yjNIlY,8cc. 7% 
 
 are {o much the more mift'^ken* S\iq com* 
 cth into a Room as if her Limbs v/ere 
 fet on with ill-made Screws, which mak- 
 cth the Company fear the pretty thing 
 ihould leave fome of its artificial Perjon 
 upon the Floor. She doth not like her 
 lelf asG<?^ Almighty made her, but will have 
 fome of her own Workmaofliip ; which is 
 fofar from making her a better thing than 
 a Woman^ that it turneth her into a worfe 
 Creature than a Monkey. She falleth out 
 with Nature^ againft which flie maketh War 
 without admitting 2iTruce^ thofe Moments 
 excepted in whicli her Gallxnt may recon- 
 cile her to it. When fhe hatb a mind to be 
 joft and languii}nng^ there is fomething fo 
 unnatural in that affe5fed Eafwefs, that her 
 Frowns could not be by many degrees fo 
 forbidden. When fhe would appear lui- 
 reafonably humble^ one may fee fhe is fo 
 .exceffively ^roud^ that there is no enduring 
 it. There is fjch an impert:nent Smile ^ 
 fuch zfatisfied-Simfer^ when file faintly 
 difowneth fome fulfom Commendation a 
 Man hapneth to beftow upon her againft 
 his Confcience, that her Jha^iks for it are 
 more vifible under fuch a thin Difguif^^ 
 than they could be if fnc fliould ^rrnt 
 them. If a ha,dfomerWorann takcth any 
 liberty of Drejjing tut of the ordinary 
 
 Rules 
 
74 Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 Rules the raiftakeh Lady followech, with- 
 out diA'mguiihing th^ up2€C[nal Pattern, and 
 maketh her felt" «;///^r by an example raif- 
 placed ; cither forgetting the Privilege of 
 good Looks in another-, or prefuming, with- 
 out fufficient reafon upon her own. Her 
 Difcourfe is a fenfelefs Chime of empty Wordsj 
 2i heap of Compliments fo equally applied to 
 differing Perfonsj that they are neither va- 
 lued nor believM. Her Eyes keep pace 
 with her Tongue^ and are therefore always 
 ill motion. One may difcern that they ger 
 nerally incline to the compaffionnte fide, and 
 that, notwithftanding her pretence to^^r- 
 tu^^ fhe is gentle to di/heffed Lovers^ and 
 Ladies that arc merciful She will repeat 
 the tender part of a P/ay fo feelingly, that 
 the Company may guefs, without Injultice, 
 fhe Was not altogether a difmtereffed Spcffa- 
 tor. She thinketh that Paint and Sin arc 
 concealed by railing at them. Upon the 
 latter fhe is Icfs hard, and being divided 
 between the two oppofitc Prides of her 
 Beaut) and hci* Vertue^ Ihc is often tempt- 
 ed to' give broad Hints that fome body is 
 dying for her; and of the two flic is Icfs 
 unwilliug to let the World think Ihc may 
 fcc fomctimcs profarPd^ th>in tliat (lie is nc-^ 
 ver worjJjipped^ 
 
yjNlrr,8cc. 7 5 
 
 Very great Beauty may perhaps fo dazle 
 for a time, that Men may not fo clearly 
 fee the Deformity of thefe Affectations ; But 
 when the Brightness goeth off, and that 
 the Lovers Eyes are by that means fet at 
 liberty to fee things as they are, he will 
 naturally return to his Senfes, and recover 
 the Miftake into which the Lady's good, 
 Looks had at firft engaged hirn. And be- 
 ing once undeceived, ceafeth to worfhip 
 that as a GoddeJ's^ which he feeth is only 
 an artificid Shrine moved by Wheels and 
 Springs to delude him. Such Women 
 plcafe only like the JirJ} Opening of 2.Scene^ 
 that hath nothing to recommend it but 
 that being new. They may be compared 
 to Flies^ that have pretty fhining Wtngs for 
 two or three hot Months, but the fir tt cold 
 Weather maketh an end of them ; fo the 
 Utter Seafon of thefe flutteringCre^tures is 
 difmal: From their neareft Friends they 
 receive a very faint Refpeft ; from the 
 reft of the World, the utmoft degree of 
 contempt. 
 
 Let this Yi5iure fupply the place of any 
 other Rules which might be given topi^e- 
 vent your refembknce to it, Tl^e Defor- 
 mity of it, well confidered, is Injhuihon 
 enough ; from the fame realbn, that the 
 f'Sht of a Drunker fl is a better Sermon a- 
 
 gaipft 
 
Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 gainft that T/cf, than the bed thac was ever 
 preach'd upon that iV^^j^^J. 
 
 r A Fter having faid thisagainfl: l^dp//tjy I 
 XX ^^ '^^^ intend to apply the fame Ce/i- 
 Jure to Prtdey well placed, and rightly de- 
 fined. It is an ambiguous Word ; one kind 
 of it is as much a Vertue^ as the other is 
 a Vtce : But we are naturally fo apt to 
 chufe the nwrji^ that it is become dangt rous 
 to commend the^^/? fide of it. 
 4 A Woman is not to be proud of her 
 fine Gown ; nor when flic hath lefs Wit 
 than lier Neighbours to comfort her felf 
 that fhe hath more Lace. Some Ladies 
 put fo much weight upon Or;?4w^«/ J, that 
 if one could fee into their Hearts, it would 
 be found, that even the Thought of £)^4rA 
 is made Icfs heavy to them by the con- 
 templation of their being laid out m State^ 
 and /ya'T'^^r/r^/fy attended to the Grave. One 
 may come a good deal fliort of fuch an Ex^ 
 tream, and yet ftill be fufficiently hnperti' 
 ncnt^ by fetting a wrong Value upon things, i 
 which ought to be ufed with more in- 
 diiTcrcnce. A Lady mu!t not appear fol- 
 
 licitous 
 
f (III V E. 77 
 
 iicitous 10 ingrofs KefpB to her felf, but 
 be content with a reafonable Diftrihution^ 
 and allow it to others, that fhe may have 
 it returned to her. She is not to be trou- 
 blefomly nice^ nor diftinguifh her felf by 
 being too delicat*^ as if ordinary things 
 we re too courfe for her ; this is an unman-- 
 nerly and offenftve Pride, and where it is 
 praflifed, deferveth to be mortified, of 
 w^hich it feldom faileth. She is not to lean 
 too much upon her Quality, much lefs to 
 defpife thofc who are below it. Some make 
 Quality an Idol-i and then their Reajon muft 
 fall down and WorChip it. They would 
 have the World think, that no amends can 
 ever be made for the want of zgreatTit/e^ 
 or an ancient C/?/^/- of Arms : They imagine 
 that with thefe advantages they ftand up- 
 on the higher Ground^ which maketh them 
 look down upon Merit and Vertue^ as things 
 inferiour to them. This miftake is not 
 only fenfelefs^ but criminal tho, inputting 
 a greater Price upon that which is a piece 
 of good Luck^ than upon things which are 
 valuable in theaifelves. Laughing is not 
 enough for fuch a Folly \ it mufi be fe- 
 verely ivhipped^ as it juilly deferves. It will 
 be confeffed, there are frequent Temptations 
 given by pert Vpjl arts to be angry, and by 
 that to have our Judgments corrupted in 
 
 thefe 
 
78 /iJvice to a Daughter. 
 
 thefe Cafes : But they are to be refirted 5 
 and the utmoft that is ro be allowed, is, 
 when thofe of a ^ew Edition will forget 
 themfelves, fo as either to brag of their 
 weak ftdcy or to endeavour to hide their 
 Meanrtefs by their InjoUncc^ to cure them 
 by a little feafonable /^^///d'r;^ a little iS/;4r^- 
 ne[s well placed, without dwelling too long 
 upon it. 
 
 Thele and many other kinds of Vride are 
 to be avoided. 
 
 That which is to be recommended to 
 you, is an EnmUtion to raife your felf ro a 
 CharacftTj by which you may be diftin- 
 guifhed ; an Eagerncfs for precedence in 
 Virtue^ and all fuch other things as may 
 gain you a greater (hare of the good opini- 
 on or the World. Edeem to Vertue is like 
 a cherijhi/jg Air to PUnts and Flowers^ which 
 maketh them blow and profper ; and for 
 that reafon it may be allowed to be in 
 fome degree the Cduje as well as the Re^ 
 ward of it. That Pride which leadceh to 
 a good Endj cannot be a ^/c^, finceit is the 
 beginning of a Vertue ; and to be plcafcd 
 with juft JfpLtufe^ is fo far from a Fanlt^ 
 that it would be an /// Sjmpton in a Wo- 
 man, who Ihould not place the greateft 
 part of her SAttsfaclwrt in it. Humtltty is 
 00 doubt a great Vertue ; but it ceafcs to 
 
 be 
 
be foj when it is afraid to fcorn an ilhhwg* 
 Againft Vice and Follj it is becoming your 
 Sex to be h^nghty ; but you muft not carry 
 the Contempt of things to Arrogance towards 
 Perfonsy and it muft be done with fitting 
 DiJiinUiom^ elfe it may be Inconvenient hy 
 being unfeafonable. A Fride that raifeth a 
 little Anger to be out-done in any thing 
 that is good, will have fo good an Effeil^ 
 that it is very hard to allow it to be a 
 Fault. 
 
 It is no eafie matter to carry even be- 
 tween thefe differing kinds fo defcribed ; 
 but remember that it is fafer for a Womm 
 to be thought too proud^ than too fAmiliar. 
 
 V1VE%S10N. 
 
 THE laft thing I fhall recommend to 
 you, is a wife and a fafe method of 
 ufing Diverfions. To be too eager in the 
 purfuitof Pleafure whilft you are Totmg^ is 
 dangerous ; to catch at it in riper Tearsy 
 is grafping a Ihadow ; it will not be held 
 Befie^.es that by being lefs natural it grow^ 
 cth to be indecent. Diverfions are the moft 
 properly applyed, to eafe and relieve thofe 
 who are Opfrejfed, by being too much im- 
 
 ployed 
 
8o Advice to a Daughter. 
 
 ployed, Thofc that are IMe have no need 
 of them, and yet they, above all others, 
 give themfelves up to them. To unbend 
 our Thoughts^ when they arc too much 
 ftretched by our Cares, is not more natural 
 than it is necelT^ry, but to turn our whole 
 Life into a Holy Day, is not only ridicu- 
 lous, butdeftroyeth Piealure inltead of pro- 
 moting it. The Mtnci like the Body is tired 
 by being always in onePofture^ toofcri-'us 
 breaketh, and too diverting loofeneth it: 
 It \^Vdriety\X\2,\. giveththe Relifh ; fothat 
 DiverfioTiS too frequently repeated, grow 
 firrt ro be indifferent, and at jaii tedious. 
 WhilH they are well chofen and well timed, 
 they are never to be blamed ; but when 
 they arc ufed to an Excefs, though very //;- 
 nocent at firft tliey often grow to be CV/- 
 miml^ and never fail to be ImftrtinenK 
 
 Some Ladies are befpokcn for Merry 
 Mcetini- s, as \^e^u^ was for Duels. They 
 arc ingaged in a Circle of Ulemfsy where 
 they turn round ibr ihe whole Year, with* 
 out the latarrtiption rf a ferious Hour, 
 They know alltliC Players Names, and arc 
 hnimxtel) acquaintvd with all the Booths in 
 B.vJjulo.7t^iV'[':iir. N> Soldier is more Obe- 
 d.'eKtt-^ t!ie found of hi; Captains 7 V^/;/;/>f'r, 
 than ch.7 arc to t!rit whicl: fummoncrh 
 them to II Vup^et-PUy or a Monjicr. Tiie 
 
 Spnnjj 
 
DIVERSION S. 8i 
 
 Spring that bringetli miFltes^ and ¥ool>, 
 makeththem Inhabitants in ///a^e'P^rA' ; in 
 the Winter they are an Incumbrance to the 
 FUjHonfe^ and theBallallof ihtDrmnng- 
 Room. The Streets all this while are lb 
 weary of thefe daily Faces, thatMt'/^'s Eji2S 
 are over-laid with them. The Stght is glut- 
 ted with fine things, as the Stomach witli 
 fvvectones; and when a fair £^^ will give 
 too much of her felf to the Worlds Hie grov/- 
 eth lufcious, and opprcffes inftead of plea-^ 
 fmg. Thefe "Jolly Ladies do fo continually 
 feek Diverjion-i that in a little time they 
 grow into a J^/? ; yet are unwilling to re- 
 member^ that if they were feldomerfeen^ 
 they would not be fo oiitnlaughed at. Be- 
 fides, they make themfelves Cheapo than 
 which there cannot bean «;?i/Wc';^nw^ be^ 
 flowed upon your Sex. 
 
 To play fometimes, to entertain Compd- 
 fiyy or to dnjert \ our felf, is not to be 
 difaUowed ; but to do itfo often as to be 
 called a Gamefcer^ is to be avoided, next to 
 the things that are mo^CrimifjaL Is hath 
 Confequences oi fever al kinds not to be en- 
 dured ; it will ingage you into a habit of 
 Idlenefs and ill hour s^ draw you into ill rtiix- 
 tdCompany'i make you rieglefl your Civi/i" 
 ties abroad^ and your Bufmefs at home, and 
 impofe into your Acc^uatntmce fuch as will 
 do you no Credit, G Ta 
 
8i jidVtce to a Daughter. 
 
 To deep Play there will be yet greater 
 Ohjeclions. It will give Occaji^h to the 
 World to RsUfpftefal Oue(Hons. How you 
 dare venture to lofe, and what means you 
 have to fy fuch great [urns ? If you pay 
 cxnHljj it will be enquired from whence the 
 M/;;^ comet h ? If you owe, andefpecially 
 to a Man, you mult be fovery Civtl to 
 him for Iks forbearance, that it laycth a 
 ground of having it farther improved, if 
 the Gentleman \s fodifpofed; who will be 
 thought no unfair Creditor,^ if where the 
 Eflate faileth he fcizeth upon the Perfon. 
 Befides, if a Lady could fee her own Face 
 upon an /// Game^ at a deep Stake, flie would 
 certainly forfwear any thing that could pwt 
 her looks under fuch a Difadvantage, 
 
 To Dance fomctimcs will not be imputed 
 to you as a Fault ; but remember that the 
 end oiyOui' Learnwg it was, that you might 
 the better know how to move gracefully. 
 It is only an advantage fo far. When it go- 
 etli beyond it, one may call xiexcelUng in a 
 Miftake, which is no very great Commen- 
 dation. It is better for a Woman never to 
 Dance^ becaufe flie hath no skill in it, than 
 to do it too often, becaufe flie doth it well. 
 I'he cafieftaswell as the fafcfl: Methodoi 
 doing it, is in private Companies^ amongd 
 p Articular Fr tends, and then carclefly, like a 
 
 Diver-' 
 
DIVERSIONS. 8j 
 
 Diver jiony rather than- with Solemnity y^iSi? 
 it was a bufinefs, or had any thing in it to 
 deferve a Monty* s preparationhy ferious Con- 
 ference with a Dmcing'MdJler, 
 
 Much more might be faid to ail thefe 
 Heads, and many more might be added to 
 them. But I muft reftrain my Thoughts, 
 which are full of my Dear Child,and would 
 overflow into a Volume, which would not 
 be fit for ^NeW'TearS'Gift. I will conclude 
 with my warmeft Wifhesforall that is good 
 to you. That you may live fo as to be an 
 Ornament to your Family, and a Pattern 
 to your Sex. That you may be blelTed 
 with a Husband that may value, and with 
 Children that may inherit your Vertue ; 
 That you may ihine in the World by a 
 true Light, and filence Envy by deferving 
 to be efteemed ; That Wit and Vertue may 
 both confpire to make you a great Figure, 
 When they are fcperated, the firftis fo 
 empty, and the other fo faint, that they 
 fcarce have right to be commended. May 
 they therefore meet and never part; let 
 them be your Guardian Angels, and be fure 
 never to llray out of thediftanceof their 
 joint proteSion. May you fo raife your 
 Character, that you may help to make the 
 next Age a better thing, and leave Pofterity 
 in your Debt for the advantage it fhall re- 
 ceive by your Example. G z Let 
 
84 Jihke to a Daughter. 
 
 Let me conjure ycu, MyDeareJl^ to com- 
 ply with this kind Ambition of a Father, 
 vvhofe Thoughts are fo ingaged in your be- 
 half, that he reckoneth your Happinefs to 
 be the grcateft part of his own. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 CHARACT ER 
 
 TRIMMER 
 
 HIS 
 
 OPINION 
 
 OF 
 
 I. The Lan>s and Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 II. Troteflant Religion. 
 
 III. The Papifts. 
 
 IV. Foreign Affairs. 
 
 Correfted and Amended, 
 
 LO NDON. 
 Printed in the Year, 1704. I 
 
87 
 
 THE 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 IT mujl be more than an ordinary provoca* 
 tion that can tempt a Man to write in an 
 Age over "run with Scribblers^ as Egypt was 
 with Flies and Locufts : That worfi Vermin 
 of [mall Authors has given the World fuch a 
 Surfeit y that infiead of de firing to IVrite, a 
 Man would be more inclined to wijh for his own 
 eafe^ that he could not Kead\ but there are 
 fome things which do fo raifeour PaJfwnSy that 
 our Reajon can make no Reftftance \ and when 
 Madmen^ in two Extremes^ [hall agree to 
 make common Senfe Treafon^ and jojn to fix 
 an ill Chara^er upon the only Men in the Na- 
 tion who deferve a good one ; 1 am no longer 
 Majler of my better Refolution to let the 
 World alone y and mujl break loofe from my 
 more reafonable Thought s^ to expofe thefefalfe 
 Coyners^ who would make their Copper Wares 
 pafs upon us for good Payment. 
 
 Amongfl all the Engines of Diffention^ there 
 
 has been none more power full in all Times^ 
 
 than the fixing Names upon one another of 
 
 (Contumely and Reproach^ and the reafon is 
 
 G 4 fUin^ 
 
88 The Preface. 
 
 fldin^ in refpecf of the People, rvho tho^ gefje- 
 rally they are uncapable of making a Syllogifm^ 
 or for mi /jg an Argument^ yet they cin pro- 
 notirice a ivprd ; a^d that ferves their turn to 
 throw it with their dull malice at the Head 
 of thofe they do not like ; fuch things ever 
 begin in J^flj ^^d end in Bloody and the fame 
 7Voyd which at firfl makes the Company merry ^ 
 -grows tn time to a Military Signal to cut one 
 another s Throat. 
 
 Thefe Mtfiakes are to be lament sd^ thd not 
 eaftly cured, being juitable enough to the cor- 
 rup}ed Nature of Mankind \ but 'tis bardj 
 that Men will not only invent ill Names ^ hut 
 they will wrefl and -mifinterpret good ones ; fa 
 afraid fome are even of a reconciling found^ 
 that they raife another noife to keep it fro?n 
 being heUrd^ lejl it jhould Jet up^ and encou- 
 rage a dayigerous fort of Men^ who prefer 
 Peace and Agreement^ before Violence and Con- 
 fufion. 
 
 Were it not for this^ why^, after we have 
 pla)edthe Fool with throwing^ Whig and Tory 
 At one another^ as Boys do Snow-Balis^ do 
 we grow angry at a new Name, which by its 
 true fionificdtion tni^ht do as much to put us 
 into our Wits^ as the other has done to put U4 
 out of them r 
 
 This imocent word Trimmer fignifies no 
 more than this^ That if Men are together in 4 
 
 Bora 
 
The Preface. 89 
 
 Boar^ md 9ne fart of the Company would weigh 
 it down on one fide^ another would make it 
 lean as much to the contrary ; it happens there 
 is a third Opinion of ihofe^ who conceive it 
 would do as welly if the Boat went even^ with^ 
 Qut endangering the Paffengers ; now 'tis hard 
 to imagine by what Figure in Language^ or by 
 rphat Rule in Senfe this comes to be a Faulty 
 and it is much more a Wonder it Jhould be 
 thought a Herely. 
 
 But fo it happens^ that the poor Trimmer 
 has now all the Powder fpent upon him alom^ 
 while the Whig is a forgotten') or at leajl a 
 mgle^ed Enemy ; there is no danger now to 
 the State (if fome Men may be believed) but 
 from the Beaji called a Trimmer^ take heed 
 of him^ he %s the hiftrument that mufl deflroy 
 Church and State ; a new kind of Monfler^ 
 whofe deformity is fo expos'^dy thaty were it a 
 true Pilture that is made of himy it would 
 be enough to fright Children^ and make Wo^ 
 men mijcarry at the fight of it. 
 
 But it may he worth the examining^ whe- 
 ther he is fuch a Beafi as he is Painted, 
 I am not of that Opiniony and amfo far from 
 thinkiyjg him an Infidel either in Church or 
 State^ that I am neither afraid to expofe the 
 Articles of his Faith in Relation to Govern- 
 ment y nor to fay that I prefer them before 
 -ny other Political Cuedythat either our an- 
 
po The Preface- 
 
 gry Divines J or our refined Statesrmen would 
 impofe upon us. 
 
 I h^ve therefore in the following Difcourfe 
 endeavour d to explain the Trimmer's Princi^ 
 pies and Opinions^ and then leave it to all 
 difcerning and Impartial Jt/dges^ whether he 
 can with Juflice he fo Arraign d^ and whether 
 thofe who deliberately pervert a good Name ^ do 
 nop very ju/lly defer ve the worjl that can be put 
 upon themfelves. 
 
 THE 
 
91 
 
 THE 
 
 Trimmer s Opinion. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LAWS 
 
 AND 
 
 GOVERNMENT 
 
 O 
 
 Ur Trimmer, as he has a great Ve*. 
 neration for Laws in general, fo 
 _ he has more particular for our 
 own7 he looks upon them as the Chains 
 that tye up our unruly PalTions, which 
 elfe, like wild Bcafts let loofe, would reduce 
 the wo^'ld into its firft State of Bafbarifm 
 and Hoftility ^ the good things we enjoy^ 
 we owe to them ; and al! the ill .things we 
 are freed from hy their Proteftion. 
 
 God himfelf thought it not enough to be 
 a Creator, without being a Lawgiver, and 
 hi^ goudnefs had been d--feciive towards 
 mankind in making them, if be had not 
 
 pre- 
 
91 Tl:e CharaFter 
 
 prefcribed Rules to make them happy 
 too. 
 
 All Laws flow from that of Nature, and 
 where that is not the Foundation, they may 
 be legally imposed, but they will be lame- 
 ly obeyed : By this Nature, is not meant 
 that which Fools and Madmen mifquote 
 to juftifie their ExcefTes ; it is innocent and 
 uncorrupted Nature, that which difpofes 
 Men to chufe Vertue, without its being 
 prefcribed, and which is fo far from infpir- 
 ing ill thoughts into us, that we take pains 
 ID fupprefs the good ones it infufes. 
 
 The Civilized World has ever paid a 
 wiHing fubjeftion to Laws, even Conque- 
 rors have done Homage to them ; as the 
 Romans^ who took Patterns of good Laws, 
 even from thofe they had fubdued \ and 
 at the fame time that they Triumph'd over 
 anenflav'd People, the very Laws of that 
 place did not only remain fafe, but became 
 Victorious ; their new Maftcrs, inftead of 
 fuppreflTmg them, paid them more rcfpcft 
 than they had from thofe who firft made 
 them; and by this wife Method they ar- 
 rived to fueh an admirable Conftitution 
 of Laws, that to this day they Reign by 
 then; this Excellency ot them Triumphs 
 ftill, and the World nays now an acknov^ 
 Icdgment of their obedience to that Mighty 
 
 Empire, 
 
of a Trimmer. 9 \ 
 
 Empire, though fo many A ges after it is 
 diffolved ; and by a later inftance, the 
 Kings of France^ who in pradice ufe their 
 Laws pretty famiharly, yet think their 
 Picture is drawn with moil advantage up- 
 on their Seals, when they are placed in the 
 Seat of Juftice : And tho' the Hierogly phick 
 is not there of fo much ufe to the People 
 as they would wifb, yet it fliewsthatno 
 Prince is fo Great, as not to think fit, for 
 his own Credit, at leafl:, to give an outward, 
 when he refufes a real worlhip to the Laws. 
 They are to mankind that which the 
 Sun is to Plants, whilft it cherifhes and 
 prefer ves 'em. Where they have their force' 
 and are not clouded or fuppreft, every thing 
 fmiles and flourifhes; but where they are 
 darkened and not futFeredto fhine out, it 
 makes every thing to wither and decay. 
 
 They fecure Men not only againft one 
 another, but againft themfelves too; they 
 area Sanftuary, to which the Crown has 
 occafion to refort as often as the People, 
 fo that it isan IntereftaswellasaDuty to 
 preferve them. 
 
 There would be no end of making a 
 Panegyrick of Laws ; let it be enough to 
 add, that without Laws the World would 
 become a Wildernefs, and Men little lefs 
 than Bcafts; but with all this, the beft 
 
 things 
 
94 The CharrBer. 
 
 things may come to be the worft, if they 
 are not in good hands ; and if it be true' 
 that the wifeft Mai generally make the 
 Laws, it is as true, that the ftrongeft da 
 often Interpret them y And as Rivers belong 
 as much to the Channel where they run, 
 as to the Spring from whence they firfl: 
 rife, fo the Lav-/5 depend as much upon the 
 Pipes thro' which they are to pafs, as upon 
 the Fountain from whence they flow. 
 
 The Authority of a King who is Head 
 of the Law, as well as the Dignity of 
 Publick Juftice, is debafed, when the clear 
 ftream of the Law is puddled and difturbcd 
 by Bunglers, or com^ey'd by unclean Inftru- 
 ments to the People. 
 
 Owv Trimmer would have them appear 
 in their full luftrc, and would be grieved to 
 fee the day, wlien, inllead of fpeaking 
 with Authority from the Seats of Juftice 
 theyfhould fpeakoutof a Grate with a la- 
 menting voice, like Prifoners that defire to 
 be refcu'd. 
 
 He wifhes that the Bench may have a 
 Natura 1, as well as a Legal Superiority to 
 the Bar ; he thinks iMcns abilities very much 
 mifplac'd, when the Keafon of him that 
 pleads, is vifibly too ftrong for thofe who 
 Judga and give Sentence. 
 
 When 
 
Of 4 Trimmer. 95 
 
 When thofe from the Bar fcem to diftatc 
 to their Superiours upoa the Bench, their 
 Furrs will look fcurvily about them, and 
 the refpeft of the World will leave the bare 
 Charafter of a Judge, to follow the Eflen- 
 tial knowledge of a Lawyer, who may be 
 greater in himfelf, than the other can be 
 with all his Trappings. 
 
 An uncontefted Superiority in any Cal- 
 ling, will have the better of any diftinft 
 Name that Authority can put upon it, and 
 therefore if ever fuch an unnatural Method 
 ihould be introduced, it is then that We(l' 
 minjler-Hall might be faid to ftand upon 
 its Head, and though Juftice it felf can 
 never be fo, yet the Adminiftration of it 
 would be rendred ridiculous. 
 
 A Judge has fuch power lodg'd In him, 
 that the King will nevei- be thought to 
 have chofen well, where the Voice of 
 Mankind has not before- hand recommended 
 the Man to his Station; when Men are 
 made Judges of what they do not under- 
 ftand, the World cenfure§ fuch a Choice, 
 not out of ill will to the Men, but fear to 
 themfclves. 
 
 If the King had the fole Power of chufing 
 Phyficians, Men would tremble to fee Bung- 
 lers preferred, yet; the neceffity of taking 
 Phyfick from a Doctor^ 15 generally not 
 
 fo 
 
^6 7he CharaHer. 
 
 fo great, as that of receiving Juftice from 
 a Judge: And yet the Inferences will be 
 very feverc in fuch cafes ; for either it will 
 be thought, that fuch Men bought what 
 they were not able to deferve ; or which 
 is as bad, that Obedience fl:iall be looked 
 upon as a better QuaUfication in a Judge, 
 than Skill or Integrity : When fuchfacrcd 
 things as the Laws arc not only touch 'd, 
 but guided by prophane Hanck; Men will 
 fear that out of the Tree of the Law, 
 from whence w^expeft Shade and Shelter^ 
 fuch Workmen will make Cudgels to beat 
 us with, or rather that they will turn the 
 Canon upon our Properties, that were in- 
 trufted with them for their Defence. 
 
 To fee the Laws Mangled, Difg-jifed.^ 
 Speak quite another Language than their 
 own; to fee them thrown from the Dig^ 
 fiity of protecting Mankind, to the dif- 
 graceful Office of deftroying them; and 
 notwithftanding their Innocence in them- 
 fclves, to be made the worll Inrtruments 
 that the moft refined Villany can make ufe 
 of, will raife Mens Anger above the power 
 of laying it down again, and tempt tiiem 
 to follow tlic Evil Examples given them 
 of Judging without Hearing, when fo pro- 
 voked by their dchre of Revenge. Our 
 Trimmer therefore, as he thinki the Laws 
 
 arc 
 
of a Trimmer. 97 
 
 are Jewels, fo he believes they are no bet- 
 ter fet, than in the conftitution of our 
 Englifl) Government, if rightly underftood, 
 and carefully pr/eerved. 
 
 It would be too great Partiality, to fay 
 they are perfeft, or liable to no Objeftion ; 
 fuch things are not of this World ; but if 
 they have more Excellenc'es, and fewer 
 Faults than any other we know, it is 
 enough to recommend them to our E- 
 fteem. 
 
 The Difpute, which is a greater Beauty^ 
 a Monarchy or a Common-wealth, has 
 lafted long between their contending Lov- 
 ers, and (they have behaved themfelves fo 
 like Lovers, who in good Manners muftbe 
 out of their Witsj who ufed fuch Figures 
 to exalt their own Ido!s on either fide, and 
 ,fuch angry Aggravations, to reproach one 
 ianother in the Conteft^ that moderate Men 
 have in all times fmil'd upon this eagernefs, 
 and thought it diffcrM very little from a 
 downright Frenzy: We in England^ by a 
 happy ufe of the Controverfie, conclude 
 them both in the wrong, and reject them 
 from being our Pattern, not taking their 
 Words in the utmoft extent, which is a 
 thing, that Monarchy, leaves Men no 
 Liberty, and a Common- wealth fuch a one, 
 as allows them no Quiet. 
 
 H We 
 
98 Tl:e CharaHer 
 
 VJt think that a wife Mean, between 
 thefe barbarous Extrcams, is that which 
 Self-Prefer vation ought to didate to our 
 Wifhes ; and we may fay we have attained 
 to this iVIean in a greater Meafure, than 
 any Nation now in Being, or perhaps any 
 we have read of, tho' never fo muchCele' 
 brated for the Wifdom or FeHcity of their 
 Conftitutions : Wc take from one the too 
 great Power of doing Hurt, and } et leave 
 enough to govern and proteft us ; we take 
 from the other the Confufion, the Parity, 
 the Animofities and the Licenfe, and yet 
 refcrve a due Care of fucha Liberty, as 
 may confilt with Mens Allegiance 5 but it 
 being hard, ifnot impoffible, tobeexadly 
 even, our Government has much the itrong- 
 er Biafs towards Monarchy, which by 
 the General Confent and Praftice of Man- 
 kind, feemsto have the Advantage in dif- 
 pute againrt a Common-wealth ; The Rules 
 of a Common-wealth, are too hard for 
 the Bulk of Mankind to come up to ; that 
 Form of Government requires fuch a Spirit 
 to carry it on, as do's not dwell in great 
 Numbers, but is reftrainM to fo very few, 
 cfpecially in this Age, that let the Methods 
 appear never fo much reafonablein Paper, 
 they muft fail in Praftice, which will ever { 
 be fuited more to Mens Nature as itis,thaR ' 
 as it fhould be. Monar- 
 
of a Trimmer. p^ 
 
 Monarchy is likM by the People for 
 the Bells and the Tinfel, the outward 
 Pomp and Gilding, and there muft be 
 i Milk for Babes, fince the greateft pare 
 f of Mankind are, and ever will be included 
 in that Lift ; and it is approv d by wife 
 and thinking Men (all Circumftances and 
 Objeftions impartially confider'd) that it 
 has fo great an Advantage above all other 
 Forms ^ when the Adminiftration of that 
 Power falls in good Hands, that all other 
 Governments look out of Countenance, 
 when they are fet in Competition with it. 
 LycuYgm might have fav'd himfelf the trou- 
 ble of making Laws, if either he had been 
 Immortal, or that he could have fecur'd to 
 Pofterity, a lucceeding Race of Princes like 
 himfelf; his own Example was a better Law 
 than he could with all his Skill tell how to 
 tnake ; fuch a Prince is a Living Law, that 
 diftates to his Subjects, whofe thoughts irj 
 that cafe never rife above their Obedicnce. 
 thc Confidence they have in the Vertueancf 
 Knowledge of the Mafter, preventing the 
 Scruples and Apprehenfions to which Men 
 ire naturally inclinM, in relation to thof^ 
 :hat govern them ; fuch a Magiftrate is thQ 
 Life and Soul of Juftice, whereaisthe Law 
 6 but a Body, and a Dead one too, without 
 lis Influence to give it warmth and vigour,^ 
 
 H 2 and 
 
I bo The Char aEler. 
 
 and by the irrefiftible Power of his Vertue, 
 he do's fo reconcile Dominion and Allegro 
 ance, that all difputes between them are 
 filenced and fubdued : and indeed no Monar- 
 chy can be Perfeft and Abfolute without 
 exception, but where the Prmcc is Superior 
 by his Vertue, as well as by his Charafter 
 and his Power ; fo that to (crew out Prece- 
 dents and unlimited Power, is a plain dimi- 
 nution to a Prince that Nature has made 
 Great, and who had better make himfelf a 
 glorious Example to Pofterky, than borrow 
 an Authority from Dark Records, raifed 
 out of the Grave j which befides their Norh 
 ufage, have always in them matter of Con- 
 troverfie and Debate : and it may be affirm- 
 ed, that the inftances arc very rare of 
 Princes having the worft in the diipute with 
 their People, if they were Eminent for 
 Juftice in time of Peace, or Conduft in 
 time of War ; fuch Advantage the Crown 
 giveth to thofc who adorn it by tlicir own 
 Perfonal Vertues. 
 
 But fince for the greater Honour of 
 Good and Wife Princes, and the better to 
 fet off their Charafter by the Compa- 
 rifon. Heaven has decreed there mull be 
 a Mixture, and that fuch as are perveric 
 and infufficient or at lead both, are i:>er- 
 haps to have their equal turiis in t!ie 
 
 Govern- 
 
of a Trimmer. ipi 
 
 Government of the World, and befides 
 that, the Will of Man is fc various, arid 
 fo unbounded a thing, and fo fatal too when 
 joyned with Power mifapplyed ; it is no 
 wonder if thofe who are to be govern^, 
 are unwilling to have fo dangerous as 
 well as fo uncertain a Standard of their 
 Obedience. 
 
 There m uft be therefore Rules and Laws : 
 for want of which, or at lead the Obfer- 
 vation of them, it was as a Capital for a 
 Man to fay, that Nero did not play well up- 
 on the Lute, as to commit Treafon or 
 Blafpheme the Gods. And even P^efpafia/f 
 himfelf had like to have loft his life, for 
 fieeping whilfthe fhouldhave attended and 
 admir'd that Emperour's Impertinence up* 
 on the Stage. There isa wantoiinefs in great 
 Power that Men are generally too apt to 
 bs corrupted with, and for that reafon, 
 a^ife Prince, to prevent the temptation 
 arifing from common frailty, would choofe 
 to Govern by Rules for his own Sake, as 
 well as for his peoples, fince it only fecures 
 him from Errors, and does not lefTen the 
 real Authority, that a good Magiftrate 
 would care to be poffefsed of; for if the 
 Will of a prince is contrary either to Reafoa 
 it felf. or to the universal Opinion of his 
 Subjeas, the Law by a kind reftraint refcues 
 H 3 him 
 
loi The Char aHer. 
 
 him from adifeafe that would undo him > 
 if his Will on the other fide is reafonable 
 or well direfted, that Will immediately 
 becomes a Law, and he is arbitrary by an 
 eafie and natural Confequence, without 
 taking pains, or overturning the World 
 for It. 
 
 If Princes confider Laws as things im- 
 posed on them, they have the appearance 
 of Fetters of Iron ; but to fuch as would 
 make theiji their choife as well as their 
 pra£lice, they are Chains of Gold ; and in 
 that refpeft are Ornaments, as in others 
 they are a defence to them, and by a Com- 
 parifon, not improper for God's Vicege^ 
 rents upon Earth ; as our maker never Com- 
 mands our Obedience to any thing, that 
 as reafonable Creatures we ought not to 
 make onr own Eleftion; fo a good and 
 wife Governour, tho all Laws were abo- 
 lifli'd^ would by the voluntary direftion of 
 his own Reafon, do without reftraint the 
 very fame things that thty would have en- 
 )oyncd. 
 
 Our Trimmer thinks that the King and 
 Kingdom ought to be one Creature, not 
 to be feparatcd in their Political Capacity; 
 and when either of them undertake to a61: 
 a-part, it is like the crawling of Worms 
 after they arc cut in pieces^ which cannot 
 
 he 
 
of a Trimmer. 1 05 
 
 ^e a lafting motion, the whole Creature 
 not ftirring at a time. If the Body has 
 a dead Palfie, the Head cannot make it 
 move; and God hath not yet delegated 
 fuch a heaUng Power to Princes, as that 
 they can in a Moment fay to a Languifhing 
 People opprefs'd and in defpair, take up 
 your Beds and walk. 
 
 The Figure of a King, its fo comprehen- 
 five and exalted a thing, that it is a kind 
 of degrading him, to lodge that Power fe- 
 parately in his own natural Perfon, which 
 can never be fafely or naturally Great, but 
 where the People are fo united to him, as 
 to be Flefh of his Flefli, and Bone of liis 
 Bone : For when he is reduced to the fingle 
 definition of a Man, he finks into fo low 
 a Charafter, that it is a Temptation upon* 
 Mens Allegiance, and an impairing that 
 Veneration which is neceflary to preferve 
 their Duty to him ; whereas a Prince who is 
 fo joynedto his People, that they feem to 
 be his Limbs rather than his Subjefts, 
 Cloathed with Mercy and Jufl:ice rightly 
 apply'd in their feveral places, his Throne 
 fupported by Love as well as by Power j, 
 and the warm Wiflies of his devoted Sub- 
 jefts, like never failing Incenfe, fl:ill amen- 
 ding towards him, looks lo like the beft 
 Image we can frame to our felves of God 
 H 4 Al- 
 
104 Tloe Char after 
 
 Almighty, that Men would have much 
 ado not to fall down and worfhip him.; 
 and would be much more tempted to the 
 Sin of Idolatry, than to that of DifobedU 
 ence. 
 
 Our Trimmer is of Opinion, that there 
 mufl: be fo much Dignity infeparably an- 
 nexed to the Royal Funftion, as may 
 be fufficienc to fecure it from Infolenci^ 
 and Contempt; and there muft be Conde- 
 fcenfions from the Throne, like kind fhow- 
 ers from Heaven, that the Prince may look 
 fo much the more like God Almighty's De- 
 puty upon Earth : for Power without Love 
 hatha terrifying afpeft; and the Worfhip 
 which is paid to it, is Uke that which the 
 Indians give out of fear to wild Beafts and 
 Devils : He that fears God only bccaufc 
 there is an Hell, muft wifli there were no 
 God ; and he who fears the King only 
 becaufe he can Punifh, muft wifli there 
 were no King ; fo that without a principle 
 of Love, there can be no true Allegiance ; 
 and there muft remain perpetual Seeds of 
 Refiftance againft a Power that is built 
 •upon fuch an unnatural Foundation, as 
 that of Fear and Terrour. All Force is a 
 I(ind of Foul-play ; and whofoever aims at 
 it himfclf, does by implication allow it tp 
 thofc he Plays with j fo that there will be 
 
 ever 
 
of a Trimmer. 105 
 
 ever Matter prepared in the Minds of Peo- 
 ple when they are provoked, and the 
 Prince, to fecure himfelf, muft Uve in the 
 midft of his own SubjeSs, as if he were in 
 a ConquerM Country, raife Arms as if he 
 were immediately to meet or refift an In- 
 vafion, and all this while fleep as unquietly 
 from the fear of the Remedies, as he did 
 before from .that of the Difeafe ; it being 
 hard for him to forger, that more Princes 
 have been deftroy'd by their Guards than 
 by their People ; and that even at the time 
 when the Rule was ^od Prtncift flacuit 
 Lex eflo : The Armies and Frc^torian Bands, 
 which were the Inftruments of that unruly 
 Power, were frequently the means made 
 ufe of to deftroy them who had it. There 
 will ever be this difference between God 
 and his Vicegerents, that God is ftill above 
 the Inftruments hq ufes, and out of the dan- 
 ger of receiving hurt from them : But Prin- 
 ces can never lodge Power in any hands, 
 w^iich may not at fome time turn it back up- 
 on them ; for tho' it is pofTible enough for a 
 King to have Power to fatisfie his Ambition, 
 yet no Kingdom has Money enough to fa- 
 tisfie the Avarice of Under-workmen, who 
 learn, from that Prince who will exaft more 
 than belongs to him, to cxpett from him 
 much more than they deferve, and grow- 
 ing 
 
1 06 ^rhe CharaFler 
 
 ing angry upon the firft difappointment, 
 they are the Devils which grow terrible 
 to the Conjurers themfelves v/ho brought 
 them up, and cao't fend them down again ; 
 And befides that there can be no lalting 
 Radical Security, but where the Governed 
 are fatisfied with the Governours, It muft 
 be a Dominion very unpleafant to a Prince 
 of an elevated Mind, to impofe an abjeft 
 and fordid Servility, inftcad of receivmg 
 tlie willing Sacrifice of Ducy and Obedi- 
 ence. The braveft Princes in all times 
 who were uncapable of any other kind of 
 Fear, have fear'd to grieve their own Peo- 
 ple ; fuch a Fear is a Glory, and in this fenfc 
 'tis ail Infamy not to be a Coward : So that 
 the miftakcn Heroes who are void of this 
 generous kind of Fear, need no other aggra- 
 vation to compleat their ill Charafters. 
 
 When a defpotick Prince has bruifed 
 all his Subjects with a flavifh Obedience, 
 all the Force he can ufe cannot fubdue his 
 own Fears ; Enemies of his own Creation, 
 to which he can never be reconciPd, it 
 being impoflible to do Injuftice, and not to 
 fear Revenge ; there is no cure for this Fear, 
 but the not defcrving to be hurt ; and there- 
 fore a Piince who does not allow his 
 Thoughts to ftray beyond the Rules of Ju- 
 fticc, has always the Biefling of an inward 
 
 quiet 
 
of 4 Trimmer. 107 
 
 quiet and alTurance, as a natural effeft of 
 his good Meaning to his People ; and tho* 
 he will not negieQ: due precautions to fe- 
 cure himfelf in all Events, yet he is unca- 
 pable of entertaining vain and remote fufpi- 
 cions of thofcj, of whom he refolves never 
 to deferve ill. 
 
 Itis very hard for a Prince to fear Rebel- 
 hon, who neither does, nor intends to do 
 any thing to provoke it; therefore too 
 great a diligence in the Governours, to 
 raife and improve dangers and fears from 
 the People, is no very good Symptom, and 
 caturally begets an inference, that they 
 have thoughts of putting their Subjects AK 
 legiance to a Tryal ; and therefore not 
 without feme Reafon fear before hand, that 
 the Irregularities they intend, may raife 
 Men to a Refiftance. 
 
 Our Trimmer thinks it no advantage to 
 a Government, to endeavour the fuppref- 
 fing all kind of Right which may remain 
 in the Body of the People, or to employ 
 fmall Authors in it, whofe Officioufnefs or 
 want of Money may encourage them to 
 write, tho' it is very uneafie to have Abi- 
 lities equal to fuch a Subjefl: ; they forget 
 that in their too high ftrainM Arguments 
 for the Rights of Princes, they very often 
 plead againft humane Naturej which will 
 
 always 
 
io8 IheCharaEler 
 
 always give a Biafs to thofe Reafons which 
 fecm of her fide : It is the People that Reads 
 thofe Books, and it is the People that muft 
 judge of them ; and therefore rlo Maxims 
 fhould be laid down for the Right of Go- 
 vernment, to which there can be any Rca- 
 fonable Objeftion ; for the World has an 
 Intereft, and for that Reafon is more than 
 ordinary difcerning to find out the weak 
 fides of fuch Arguments as are intended 
 to do them hurt; and it is a diminution 
 to a Government, to Promote or Counte- 
 nance fuch wellaffefted miftakes which are 
 turned upon it with difadvantage, when- 
 ever they are detected and exposed ; and 
 Naturally the too earneft Endeavours to 
 take from Men the Right they have, tempt 
 them, by the Example, to claim that which 
 they have not. 
 
 la Power, as in moft: other things, the 
 way for Princes to keep it, is not to grafp 
 more than their Arms can well hold ; the 
 nice and unneceffary enquiring into thefe 
 things, or the Licenfingfome Books, and 
 fupprefling fome others without fufficient 
 Reafon to Juftifie the doing either, is fo 
 far fi'om being an Advantage to a Govern- 
 ment, that it expofesit to the Cenfure ofbc* 
 ing Partial, and to the fufpicion of having 
 fome hidden defigns to be carried on by 
 thefe unufual Methods. When 
 
of a Trimmer. 109 
 
 When all is faid, there is a Natural Rea- 
 fon of State, and undefioable thing, groun- 
 ded upon the common Good of Mankind, 
 which is immortal, and in all Changes and 
 Revolutions, ftill preferves its Original 
 Rrght of faving a Nation, when the Letter 
 of the Law perhaps would deftroy it; and 
 by whatfoever means it moves, carrieth a 
 Power with it, that admits of no oppofition, 
 being fupported by Nature, which infpires 
 an immediate confent at fome critical Times 
 into every individual Member, to that 
 which vifibly tendeth to prefervation of the 
 whole; and this being fo, a wife Prince 
 inftead of Controverting the right of this 
 Reafon of State, will by all means endea- 
 vour it may be of his fide ; and then he will 
 be fecure* 
 
 Our Trimmer cannot conceive that the 
 Power of any Prince can be lading, but 
 where 'tis built upon the foundation of his 
 own unborrowed Vertue ; he muft not only 
 be the firft Mover, and the Fountain from 
 whence the great Afts of State originally 
 flow, hut he muft be thought foto his Peo- 
 ple,that they may preferve their Veneration 
 for him ; he muft be jealous of his Pow- 
 er, and not impart fo much of it to any a- 
 bout him, as that he may fufferan Eclipfc 
 by it. 
 
 He 
 
1 1 o 7he Charafler 
 
 He cannot take too much care to keep 
 himlelf up ; for when a Prince is thought 
 to be led by thofc, with whom he fhould 
 only advife^ and that the Commands he 
 gives are tranfmitted through him, and 
 are not of his own growth; the World 
 will look upon him as a Bird adorned with 
 Feathers that are not hh own, or confider 
 him rather as an Engine than a living 
 Creature : Befides, 'twould be a Contra- 
 diftion for a Prince to fear a Common- 
 wealth, and at the fame time create one 
 himfclf, by delegating fuch a Power to any 
 number of Men near him, as isinconfiftent 
 with the Figure of a Monarch : It is the 
 worft kind of Co-ordination the Crown can 
 fubmit to ', for it is the excercife of Power 
 that draws the refpeft along with it, and 
 when that is parted with, the bare Chara- 
 fl:er of a King is not fufficient to keep it 
 up; but tho' it is a diminution to a Prince, 
 to parcel out fo liberally his Power amongll 
 his Favourites, it's worfe to divide with 
 any other Man, and to bring himfelf in 
 Competition with a fingle Rival : A Partner 
 in Government is fo unnatural a thing, that 
 it is a fquint-ey'd Allegiance that muft be 
 paid to fuch a double bottom'd Monarchy. 
 The twoCzarsof Mufcovy are an Example, 
 that the more civiliz'd part of the World 
 
 will 
 
of a Trimmer. 1 1 1 
 
 will not be proud to follow, whatfoever 
 Glofs may be put upon this method, by 
 thofe to whom it may be of fome ufe, the 
 Prince will do well to remember, and re- 
 fleft upon the Story of certam Men who 
 hadfetup a Statue in Honour of Sun^ 
 yet in a very little time they turned their 
 backs to the Sun, and their Faces to the 
 Statue. 
 
 Thefe Myftical Unions are better plac'd 
 in the other World, than they are m this ; 
 and we fhall have much ado to find, that 
 in a Monarchy, God's Vicegerency is dele- 
 gated to more Heads than that which is a- 
 nointed. 
 
 Princes may lend fome of their Light to 
 make another fhine, but they muft ftill 
 preferve the fuperiority of being the brigh- 
 ter Planet, and when it happens that the 
 Reverfion is in Men's Eyes, there is more 
 care neceflary to keep up the Dignity of 
 Poffeflions, that Men may not forget wha 
 is King, either out of their hopes or fears 
 who fhall be. If the Sun fhou'd part with 
 all his Light to any of the Stars, the Indir 
 ans would not know where to find their 
 God, after he had fo defpos'd himfelf, and 
 would make the Light (where^ever it went) 
 tlie Objeft of their Woriliip, 
 
 AB 
 
Ill The CharaHer 
 
 All Ufurpation is alike upon Soveraign- 
 ty, its no matter from what hand it comes; 
 and crowned Heads are to be the more 
 Circumfpedt, in refpeft Mens thoughts are 
 uauirally apt to ramble beyond wliat is 
 prefent, they love to work at a diftance^ 
 and in their greedy Expedlations, which 
 their minds may be fiird with, of a new Ma- 
 fter, the old one may be left to look a lit- 
 tle out of Countenance. 
 
 Our Trimmer owns a Paffion for Liberty, 
 yet fo reftrained, that it does not in the 
 leafl: impair or taint his Allegiance ; he 
 thinks it hard for a Soul that does not love 
 Liberty, ever to raife its feU" to another 
 World ; he takes it to be the foundation of 
 all Vertue, and the only feafoning that gives 
 a relifh to Life ; and tho' the lazinefsof a 
 flavifh fubjeftion, has its Charms for the 
 more grofs and earthy part of Mankind, 
 yet to Men made of a better fort of Clay, 
 all that the World can give without Liber- 
 ty has no tafte : It is true, nothing is fold 
 fo cheap by unthinking Men, but that does 
 no more lefTen the real value of it, than a 
 Country Fellow's Ignorance does that of 
 a Diamond, in felling it for a Pot of Ale. 
 Liberty is the jMiiirefs of Mankind, fhe 
 has powerful Cliarms which dofo dazzle us, 
 that we find Beauties in her which perhpas 
 
 are 
 
of a Trimmer. i i ? 
 
 ai-e not there, as we do in other MiftrefTes ; 
 yet if file was not a Beauty, the World would 
 not run mad for her ; therefore nnce the rea- 
 fonable defire of it ought not to beredrain'd, 
 and that even the unreafonable defire of it 
 cannot be entirely fupprefs'd, thofe who 
 would take it away from a People poffefs'd of 
 it, are likely to fail in the attempting, or be 
 very unquiet in the keeping of it. 
 
 Our Trimmer admires our bleffed Con- 
 ftitution, in which Dominion and Liberty 
 are fo well reconciled : it gives to the Prince 
 the glorious Power of commanding Free- 
 men, and to the SubjeO:, the fatisfaftion 
 of feeing the Power fo lodged, as that their 
 Liber tits arc fecure ; it does not allow the 
 Crown fuch a ruining Power, as that no 
 Grafs can grow where eVe it treads, but a 
 cherifhing and proteding Power ; fuch a 
 one as hath a grim Afpefl: only to the 
 offending Subjects, but is the Joy and the 
 Pride of all the good ones; their own Inte- 
 reft being fo bound up in it, as to engage 
 them to defend and fupport ic : and tho' in 
 feme inftances the King is reftrain'd, yet no- 
 thing in the? Government can move with- 
 out him: Our Laws make a diftinftion 
 between Vaffalage and Obedience, between 
 devouring Perogatives, and a licentious un- 
 governable Freedom; and as of all the 
 
 I Orders 
 
114 1^^^ CharaBer 
 
 Orders of Building, the Compofite is the 
 beft, fo ours, by a hapyy mixture and a 
 wife choice of what is beft in others, is 
 brought into a Form that is our Fehcity 
 who hve under it, and the Envy of our 
 Neighbour that cannot imitate it 
 
 The Crown has Power fufficient to proteft 
 our Liberties. The People havefo much 
 Liberty, as is neceflary to njake them ufeful 
 to the Crown. 
 
 Our Government is in a jufl: proportion, 
 no Tympany, no unnatural fwelling either 
 of Power or Liberty ; and whereas in all 
 overgrown Monarchies, Reafon, Learning 
 and Enquiry, are hang'din Effigy for Mu- 
 tineers ; here they are encouraged and che- 
 rifhed, ns the fureft Friends to a Govern- 
 ment cftablifh'd upon the Foundation of 
 Law and Jufticc. When all is done, thofe 
 who look for Perfeftion in this World, 
 may look as the Jews have for their MeJJias ; 
 and therefore our Trimmer is not fo unrea- 
 reafonably Partial as to free our Govern- 
 ment from all Objeflions : no doubt 
 there have been fatal Inftances of its Sick- 
 nefs, and more than that, of its Mortality for 
 fometime, tho' by a Miracle, it hath been 
 revived again: I3ut till we have another 
 race of Mankind, in all Conflitutions that 
 are bounded, there will ever be fome matter 
 
 of 
 
of a Trimmer. 1 1 5 
 
 of Strife and Contention ; and rather than 
 want Pretenfions, Mens Paflions and Inte- 
 refts will raife them from the moft inconfi- 
 derable Caufes. 
 
 Our Government is like our Climate; 
 there are Winds which are fometimes loud 
 and unquiet, and yet with all the Trouble 
 they give us, we owe great part of our Health 
 unto them: they clear the Air, which elfe 
 would be like a ftanding Pool, and inftead of 
 Refrefhment, would be a Difeafe unto us. 
 
 There may be frelh Gales of alTerting 
 Liberty, without turning into fuch ftorms 
 of Hurricane, as that the State fhould run 
 any Hazard of being caft away by them : 
 thefe ftrugglings which are natural to all mix- 
 ed Governments, while they are kept from 
 growing into Convulfions, do by a mutual 
 Agitation from the feveral parts, rather fup- 
 port and ftrengthen, than weaken or maim 
 the Conftitution ; and the whole Frame, 
 inftead of being torn or disjointed, comes 
 to be the better and clofer knit by being 
 thus exercifed : but whatever Faults our 
 Government may have, oradifcerning Cri- 
 tick may find in it, when he looks upon 
 it alone ; let any other be fet againft it, 
 and then it (liews its Comparative Beauty : 
 Let us look npon the moft gUttering outfide 
 of unbounded Authority, and upon a nearer 
 
 I 2 en- 
 
116 Tl-)e CharaBer 
 
 enquiry, we Ihall find nothing, but poor 
 and miferable Deformity within ; let us i- 
 magine a Prince living in his Kingdom, as 
 if in a great Gaily, his Subiefts tugging 
 at the Oar, laden with Chains, and redu- 
 ced to real Rags, that they may gain him j 
 imaginary Lawrels ; let us reprefent him 
 gazing among his Flatterers, and receiving 
 their falfe Worfhip ; like a Child never Con- 
 tradicted, and therefore always CozenM ; 
 or like a Lady Complemented only to be 
 Abufed ; Condemned never to hear Truth, 
 and confequcntly, never to do Juftice, w^al- 
 lowing in the foft Bed of wanton and un- 
 bridled Greatnefs, not lefs odious to the 
 Inftruments themfelves, than to the Ob- 
 jefts of his Tyranny ; blown up into an 
 Ambitious Droply, never to be fatisfied by 
 the Conqueft of other People, or by tlie 
 Oppreffion of his own : by aiming to be 
 more than a Man, he falls lower than the 
 meanefl: of 'em; a miftaken Creature fvvel- 
 led with Panegyricks, and flattered out of 
 his Senfes, and not only an Incumbrance^ 
 but a Nuifance to Mankind ^ a hardened and 
 unrelenting Soul, and like fome Creatures 
 that grow Fat with Poifons, he grows G rear 
 by other Mens Miferies ; an Ambitious Ape 
 of the Divine Greatnefs; an unruly Giant 
 that would ftorm even Heaven it (elf, bur 
 
 thar 
 
of a Trimmer. \ 17 
 
 that bis fcaling Ladders are not long e- 
 flough ; in fhort, a wild and devouring 
 Creature in rich Trappings, and with all 
 his Pride no more than a Whip in God Al- 
 mighty's hand, to be thrown into the Tire 
 when the World has been fufficiently fcour- 
 ged with it : This Picture laid in right Co- 
 lours would not incite Men to wdih for fuch 
 a Government, but rather to acknowledge 
 the happinefs of our own, under which we 
 enjoy all the Priviledges Reafonable Men 
 can defire, and avoid all the Miferies many 
 others are fubjeft to ; fo that our Trimmer 
 w^ould keep it wdth all its Faults ; and does 
 as little forgive thofe who give the occafi- 
 onof breaking it, as he does thofe that take 
 it. 
 
 Our Trimmer is a Friend to Parliaments^ 
 notwithftanding all their Faults and Excef, 
 fes, which of late have given fuch matter 
 of Objeftion to them ; he thinks that the' 
 they may at fometimes bs troublefome to 
 Authority, yet they add the greateft 
 ftrength to it under a wife Adminiftration ; 
 he believes no Government is p^rfeft ex- 
 cept a kind of Omnipotence refide in it, to 
 exercife upon great Occafions: Now this 
 cannot be obtained by Force alone upon 
 People, let it be never fo great ; there muft 
 be their confeat too, or elfe a elfe a Nation 
 ' I 3 moves 
 
1 I 8 The CharaBer 
 
 moves only by being driven, a fluggifh and 
 conftrained Motion, void of that Life and 
 Vigour which isnecefTary to produce great 
 things ; whereas the virtual Confent of the 
 whole being included in their Reprefenta- 
 tives, and the King giving the Sandion to 
 the united Senfe of the People, every Aft 
 done by fuch an Authority, feems to be 
 an effeci of their Choice, as well as a part 
 of their Duty ; and they do with an Eagcr- 
 nefs, of which Men are uncapable whilft 
 under a Force, execute whatfoever isfo en- 
 joyned, as their own Wills better explained 
 by Parhament, rather than from the ter- 
 rour of incurring the Penalty of the Law 
 for omitting ir ; and by means of this Politi- 
 cal Omnipotence, whatever Sap or Juice 
 there is in a Nation, may be to the laft 
 drop produc^'d, whilft it rifes naturally 
 from the Root : whereas all Power exercis'd 
 without confent, is like the giving Wounds 
 and Gallics^ and tapping a Tree at unfea- 
 fonable Times, for the prefent occafion, 
 which in a very little time muft needs de- 
 ftroy it. 
 
 Our Trimmer believes, that by the ad- 
 vantage of our Situation there can hardly 
 any fuch fudden Difcafe come upon us, 
 but that the King may have time enough 
 left to confult with his Phyficians in Parlia- 
 ment \ 
 
of a Trimmer. 119 
 
 ment ; Pretences indeed may be made, but 
 a real neceffity fo preffing, that no delay 
 is to be admitted, is hardly to be imagin'd : 
 and it will be neither eafie ro give an in- 
 ftance of any fuch thing for the time paft^ 
 or reafonable to Prefume it will ever hap- 
 pen for the time to come: But if that 
 ftrange thing fhould fall out, our Ttmmer 
 is not fo ftreight-lacM, as to let a Nation 
 die or be ftiffled, rather than it fliould be 
 help'd bv any but the proper Officers. The 
 Cafes themfelves will bring the Remedies 
 along with them ; and he is not afraid to 
 allow,That in order to its Prefervation,there 
 is a hidden Power in Government, which 
 would be loft if it was defigned, a certain 
 Myftery, by Virtue of wliich a Nation 
 may at fome Critical times be fecur'd from 
 Rume ; but then it muft be kept as a My- 
 ftery : it is rendred ufelefs w^hen touch'd by 
 unskilful Hands: And no Government ever 
 had, or deferv'd to have that Power, which 
 was fo unwary as to anticipate their Claim 
 to it. Our Trimmer cannot help thinking 
 it had been better, if the Triennial Aft had 
 been obferv'd, becaufe 'tis the Law ; and he 
 would not have the Crown, by fuch an Ex- 
 ample teach the Nation to break it : all 
 irregularity is catching; ir has a Contagi- 
 on in it, efpecially in. an Age, fo much 
 I 4 enclin'd 
 
no IheCharaBsr 
 
 enclin'd to follow ill Patterns than goo.l 
 ones. 
 
 He would have a Parliment, bccaufe 'tis 
 an Edential part of the Conftitution, even 
 without the Law, it being the only Provi- 
 fion in extraordinary Cafes, in which there 
 would be otherwife no Remedy ; and there 
 can be no greater Solecifm in Government, 
 than a failure of Juftice. 
 
 He would have had one, becaufe nothing 
 elfe can unite and heal us ; all other Means 
 are meer Shifts and Projefts, Hoiifes of 
 Cards, to be blown down with the leaft 
 Breath, and cannot refift the Difficulties 
 which are ever prefum'd in things of this 
 kind; and he would have had one, becaulc 
 it might have done the King good, and 
 could not poffibJy have done him hurCj with- 
 out his confent, which in that Cafe is not 
 to be fuppofed 5 and therefore for him to 
 fear it, is fo ftrange and fo little to be com- 
 prehended, that the Reafons can never be 
 prefum'd to grow in our Soy 1, or to thrive 
 in it, when tranfplanted from any other 
 Country ; and no doubt there are fuch irre- 
 fiftible Arguments for calling a Parliament, 
 and tho' it might be dcnyM to the unman- 
 nerly mutinous Petitions of Men, thatare 
 malicious and difaffefl:ed, it will be grant- 
 ed to the foft and obfequious Murmurs of 
 
 his 
 
df ^Trimmer. m 
 
 liis Majefty's beft Subjeds ; and there will 
 be fuch Rhetorick in their filent Grief, that 
 it will at laft prevail againft the Artifices of 
 thofe, who either out of Guilt or Intercft, 
 are afraid to throw themfelves upon their 
 Country, knowing how fcurvily they have 
 ufed it ; that day of Judgment will come, 
 the* we know neither the day nor the hour : 
 And our Trimmer would live fo as to be pre- 
 pared for it ; with full Aflurance in the mean 
 time, that the lamenting Voice of a Nati« 
 on cannot long be refifted, and that a Prince 
 who could fo eafily forgive his People when 
 they had been in the wrong, cannot fail 
 to hear them when they are in the right. 
 
 The Trimmer's Opinion concerning the 
 frotejlant ^Ugion. 
 
 REligion has fuch a Superiority above 
 other things, and that indifpenfable 
 Influence upon all Mankind, that it is as 
 neceflary to our Living Happy in this 
 World, as it is to our being Sav'd in the 
 next : without it man is an abandon'd 
 Creature, one of the worft Beafts Nature 
 bath produced, and fit only for the Society 
 of Wolves and Bears: therefore in all Ages 
 
 it 
 
12 2 Jhe CharaEler 
 
 it has been the Foundation of Government • 
 And tho' faife Gods have been impos'd upon 
 the Credulous part of the World, yet they 
 were Gods ftill in their own Opinion ; and the 
 Awe and Reverence Men had to them and 
 their Oracles, kept them within bounds 
 towards one another, which the Laws with 
 all their Authority could never have eflPeft- 
 ed, without the help of Religion : the Laws 
 would not be able tofubdue the pcrverfe- 
 neft of Mens Wills, which are wild Beafts, 
 and require a double Chain to keep them 
 down. For this Reafon 'tis faid, That it 
 is not a fufficient ground to make War 
 upon a Neighbouring State, becaufe they 
 are of another Religion, let it be never fo 
 differing ; yet if they WorfhipM nor Ac- 
 knowledg'd any Deitv at all, they may 
 be Invaded as publick Enemies of Mankind, 
 becaufe they rejeft the only thing that can 
 bind them to live well with one another. 
 The conlideration of RcUgion is fo twi- 
 lled with that of Government, that it 
 is never to be feparated j and tho' the Foun- 
 dations of it ought to be Eternal and Un- 
 changeable, yet the Terms and Circum- 
 ftances of DifcipUnc, are to be fuited to 
 the fevcral Climates and Conftirucions, 
 fo that they may keep Men in a willing 
 Acquicfccncc unto them, without difcom- 
 
 pofing 
 
o/g Trimmer. 12; 
 
 pofing the World by nice Difputes, which 
 can never be of equal moment with the 
 publick Peace. 
 
 Our Religion here in England feems to 
 bediftinguifh'd by a peculiar Effect of God 
 Almighty's Goodnefs, in permitting it to be 
 introduced or rather reftor'd, by a more re- 
 gular Method, than the Circumftanccs of 
 moil other reformed Churches would al- 
 low them to do, in relation to (he Govern- 
 ment : and the Dignity with which it has 
 fupported it felf fince, and the great Men 
 our Church has produced, ought to re- 
 commend it to the efteem of all Protcftants 
 atleaft: Our Trimmer is very partial to it, 
 for thefe Reafons, and many more ; and de- 
 fires that it may preferve its due Jurifdifti- 
 on and Authority ; fo far is he from wifhing 
 it opprefled, by the unreafonable and mali- 
 cious Cavils of thofe who take pains to raife 
 Objeflions againft it. 
 
 The Qtieftions will then be, how and 
 by what Methods this Church fhall befl: 
 fupport it felf (^the prefent Circumftanccs 
 confider'd) in relation to Diffenters of all 
 forts ? I will firft lay this for a ground, 
 That as there can be no true Religion with- 
 out Charity, fo there can be no true hu- 
 mane Prudence without Bearing and Cbn- 
 defccnfion. This Principle does not extend 
 
 to 
 
1 14 The CbaraHcr 
 
 to oblige the Church always to yeild to 
 thofe who are difpofed to Conteft with 
 her, the expediency of doing it is to be 
 confidered and determined according to 
 the occafion; and this leads mc tolay open 
 the thoughts of our Trimmer^ in reference 
 firft, to the Proteftants, and then to the 
 Popifh Recufants. 
 
 What has lately hapned among us, makes 
 an Apology neceflary for faying any thing, 
 that looks like favour towards a fort of 
 Men who have brought themfelves under 
 fuch a difadvantage. 
 
 The late Confpiracy hath fuch broad 
 Symptoms of the difaffeftionof the whole 
 Party, that upon the firft refledions, while 
 our thoughts are warm, it would almofl: per- 
 fwade us to put them out of the proceflion 
 of our good Nature, and to think that the 
 Chriftian Indulgence, which our CompaflTi- 
 on for other Mens Sufferings cannot eafily 
 deny, feems not only to be forfeited by the 
 ill appearances tliat are againlt them, but 
 even becomes a Crime when it is fo mif- 
 applied ; yet for all this, upon fecond and 
 cooler thoughts, moderate Men will not be 
 fo ready to involve a whole Party in the 
 guilt of a few, and to admit Inferences and 
 Prcfumptions to be evidence in a Cafe, 
 where the Sentence muft be fo heavy, as it 
 
 oughc 
 
of a Trimmer. 125 
 
 ought to be againft all thofe who have a 
 fixed refolution againft the Government 
 eftablifhed ; Befides, Men who aft by a 
 Principle grounded upon Moral Vertue, 
 can never let it be dearly extinguiflied 
 by the moft repeated Provocations; if a 
 right thing agreeable to Nature and gcod 
 Senfe takes root in the heart of a Man, 
 that is impartial and unbyafs'd, nooutward 
 Circumftances can ever deftroy it ; it's true 
 the degrees of a Man's Zeal for theProfecu- 
 tion of it may be differing ; faults of other 
 Men, theconfiderationof thepublick, and 
 the fcalonable prudeoce by which wife Men 
 will ever be direSed, may give great Al- 
 lays; they may leflen, and for a time per- 
 haps fupprefs the exercife of that, which 
 in general Propofition may be reafonable : 
 but ftill whatever is fo, will invietably grow 
 and fpring up again, having a Foundation 
 in Nature, which is never to be deftroy'd. 
 
 Our Trimmer therefore endeavours, to 
 feparate the deteftation of thofe, who had 
 either a hand or a thought in the late Plot, 
 from the Principle of Prudential, as well 
 as Chriftian Charity towards Mankind, and 
 for that reafon would fain ufe the means 
 of reclaiming fuch of the DiiTenters as 
 are not incurable, and even bearing to 
 a degree thofe that are as far as may coq- 
 
 fift 
 
ii6 The Char aHer 
 
 fift with thePublick Intereft and Security : 
 he is far from juftifying an affefted repara- 
 tion from the Communion of the Church ; 
 and even in thofe that mean well, and 
 are miftaken, he looks upon it as a Dileafe 
 that has feized upon their Minds, very 
 troublefome as well as dangerous^ by the 
 Confequence it may produce. He does not 
 go about to excufe their making it an 
 indifpenfable Duty, to meet in numbers to 
 fay their Prayers, fuch Meetings may prove 
 mifchievous to the State at leali ; the Laws 
 which are thebeft Judges, have determined 
 that there is a danger in them : He has good 
 nature enough to lament that the Perverf- 
 nefs of a Part, fliould have drawn Rigorous 
 Laws upon the whole Body of the Dif- 
 fent^rs ; but when they are once made, no 
 private Opinion muft ftand in Oppofition 
 to them : if they are in themfelves reafona- 
 ble, they are in that refpeft to be re- 
 garded,even without being enjoyned ; and if 
 by the Change of Time and Circum- 
 ftances, they mould become lefs reafonable 
 than when they were firft made, even then 
 they are to be obeyed too, becaufe they 
 are Laws till they are mended or repealed 
 by the fame Authority that ena£led them. 
 
 He has too much deference to the Con- 
 ftitution of our Gove.inment, to wiih for 
 
 more 
 
of ^Trimmer. 127 
 
 more Preogative Declarations in favour of 
 fcrupulous Men, or to difpence with Penal 
 Laws in fuch manner, or to fuch an end, 
 that fufpefting Men might with fome rea- 
 fon pretend, that fo hated a thing as Perfe- 
 cution could never make way for it felf 
 with any hopes of Succefs, otherwiie than 
 by preparing the deluded World by a falfe 
 proipefl: of Liberty and Indulgence. The 
 inward Springs and Wheels whereby the 
 Engine moved, are now fo fully laid open 
 and expos'd, that it is not fuppofable that 
 fuch a baffled Experiment fhould ever be 
 , tryed again ; the effeft it had at the time, 
 and the Spirit it raifed, will noteallly be 
 forgotten; and it may be prefum'd the re- 
 membrance of it, may fecure us from any 
 more attempts of that Nature for the future : 
 We muft no more break a Law to give Men 
 eafe, than we are to riffle an Houfe with a 
 devout Intention of giving the Plunder to 
 the Poor ; in this cafe, our Compaffion 
 would be as il] direGed> as our Charity in 
 the other. 
 
 In fhort, the Veneration due to the Laws 
 is never to be thrown off, ;let the Pretences 
 be never fo fpecious : Yet with all this he 
 cannot bring himfelf to think, that an ex- 
 traordinary diligence to take the uttermoft 
 penalty of Laws upon the poor offending 
 
 Neigh- 
 
r 2 8 The Charafler 
 
 Neighbour, is of it felf fuch an allfuffici- 
 ent Vertuc, that without any thing elfc to 
 recommend Men, it fliould Entitle them 
 to all kind of Preferments aud Rewards : 
 he would not detraft from the merits of 
 thofe who execute the Laws, yet he 
 cannot think fuch a piece of fervice as this, 
 can entirely change the Man, and either 
 make him a better Divine, or a more know- 
 ing Magiftrate than he was before ; cfpe- 
 cially if it be done witli a partial and un- 
 equal hand in Reference to greater and 
 more dangerous Offenders. 
 
 Our Trimmer would have thofe miftaken 
 Men ready to throw themfelves into the 
 arms of the Church, and he would have 
 thofe arms as ready to receive them that fhall 
 come to us: he would have no fupercilious 
 Look to fright thofe flrayed Sheep from 
 coming into the Fold again : no ill-natur'd 
 Maxims of an eternal fufpicion, or a belief 
 that thofe who have once been in the 
 wrong, can never be in the right again ; 
 but a vifible preparation of Mind to re- 
 ceive with joy all the Profelytcs that 
 come amongft us, and much greater 
 carneftncfs to reclaim than punidi them: 
 It is to be confeflcd, there is a great 
 deal to forgive, a hard task enough for 
 rhe Cliarity of a Church fo provoked ; 
 
 but 
 
of a Trimmer. i ip 
 
 but that muft not cut of all hopes of being 
 fieconcilM ; yet if there mull be fbme anger 
 left ftill, let it break our into a Chriilian 
 Revenge, and by being kinder rothe Chil- 
 dren of Difdbedience tiian they deferve, let 
 the iojurM Church Triurtiph; by throwing 
 Shame and Confufion of Face upon them: 
 There fhould not always be Scorrhs and 
 Thunder, a clear Sky would fo.T etime^ 
 ihake the Church look more like Hsavcn-j 
 and would do more towards the reclaiming 
 thofe Wanderersj than a pc rpecual Terroui^ 
 Which fecmid to have no intermifllon ; for 
 there is in many^ and particularly in £;?- 
 gli/b Men, . a milbken Pleafure, in refift- 
 mg the dictates of rigoYous Authority; 
 a Stomach that rifeth againlT: a hard impo- 
 fition, nay, in fonle, raife even a luft in 
 fuffering from a wrong point of Honour, 
 Which does not want the applauf-, iloiH 
 the greater part of Mankind, who h.ave 
 fiot learnt to dirtinguifh; Conftancy will be 
 tliought a Virtue even where it is a Mi. 
 ftake : and the ill judging World, will be 
 apt to think that Opinion moil: right 
 \vhich produces the greatert riumber'^of 
 thole who are willing to fuffer for it : AM 
 this IS prevented, and falls to the ground^ 
 by uhiig well-timed Indulgence; and the 
 Itubborn Advet'fory who values himfclf upon 
 
 K iiis 
 
i^o IheCharaBer 
 
 his Refiftance whilft he is opprefsM, yeilds 
 infenfibly to kind Methods, when they are 
 apply'd to him ; and the fame Man natu- 
 rally melts into C^onformity, who perhaps 
 would never have been beaten into it. We 
 "may be taught, by the CompafTion that 
 attendeth the moll Criminal Men when 
 they are Condemned, that Faults are much 
 more natural things than Punilhments, and 
 that even the nioft necelTciry acls of Severi- 
 ty do fomc kind of violence to our Nature, 
 whofe Indul.g;ence will not be confined with- 
 in the (Irait bounds of inexorable Juftice; 
 fo that this fliould be an Argument for 
 gentlenefs, befides, that it is the likelieft 
 way to make thefe Men afliamM of their 
 Separation, Vv'hilll the prefling them too 
 liard, tends rather to make them proud of 
 it. 
 
 • Our Tri?nmer would have the Clergy 
 fupported in their Lawful Rights, and in 
 all the Power and Dignity that belongs 
 to them, and yet he thinks that poflibly 
 there maybe in fomc of them a too great 
 cagernefs to extend the Ecclcfiaftical Jurif- 
 diftion ^ which tho' it may be well intend- 
 ed, yet the ftrainingof it too high, has an 
 appearance of Ambition that raifcs Men s 
 Obje'Mons to it ; and is tar unlike the Apo- 
 ftolick 2cal, which was quite othcrwifc 
 
 tni- 
 
of a Trimmer.' i ;i 
 
 employed, that the World draws inferences 
 from it, which do the Church no fer vice. 
 
 He is troubled to fee Men of all fides 
 fick of a Calentureof a miftaken Devotion, 
 and it fcems to him, that the devout Fire 
 of fervent Charity with which the Primi- 
 tive Chriftians were inflam'd, is long fince 
 extinguiQiM, and inftead of it a devouring 
 Fire of Anger and Ferfecation breaks our in 
 the World: We wrangle now one with 
 another about Religion till the Blood comeSj 
 whilft the Ten Commandments have no 
 more Authority with us, than if they were 
 fo many obfolete Laws or Proclamations 
 out of date ; he thinks that a Nation will 
 hardly be mended by Principles of Religi- 
 on, where Morality is made a Herefie ; and 
 therefore as he believes Devotion mifpla- 
 ced when it gets into a Conventicle, he 
 concludes that Loyalty is fo too, when 
 lodgM in a Drunken Club ; thofe Vertues 
 i deferve a better Seat of Empire, and they 
 are degraded, when fuch Men undertake 
 their Defence, as have too great need of an 
 Apology themfelves. 
 
 Our TrimmQr wifhes that fome Know- 
 ledge may go along with the Zeal on the 
 ' right fide, and that thofe who are in poffef- 
 'fion of the Pulpit, would quote atleaft fo 
 1 often the Authericy of the Scriptures as 
 ^ K % they 
 
1 J I T/?e CharaBer 
 
 they do c!iat of the State; there are many 
 who boriow too often Arguments from 
 the Government, to ufe againd their Ad- 
 verfaries, and negleft thole that are more 
 Proper, and wouid be more Powerful ; a 
 Divine grows lefs, and puts a diminution 
 on his own Character, when he quoteth 
 any Law but that of God Almighty, to 
 get the better of thofe who contelt with 
 him; and itisafign of a decay'd Con- 
 ftitution, when Nature with good uiet can- 
 not expel noxious Humours witliout calling 
 Foreign Drugs to her Afiftance : So it looks 
 like want of Health in a Church, when 
 inftead of depending upon the Power of that 
 Truth which it holds, and the good Exam- 
 ples of them that teach it, to fupport ic 
 (elf, and to fupprefs Errors it fliould have a 
 perpetual recourfe to the fecular Authority, 
 and even upon theflightefloccafions. 
 
 Our Trinnner has his Objections to the 
 too bufie Diligence, and to the overdoing 
 of fomeof the diffenting Clergy; aud he 
 does as little approve of thofe of ouu 
 Church, who wear God Almighty's Li' 
 veriest as fome old Warders in the Tower 
 do the King's, who do nothing in theidB 
 place but receive their wages for it ; ho 
 thinks that the Liberty of the late times 
 gave Men fomuch Light, andditiufcd itfo j 
 
 univer 
 
of a Trimmer. i; ? 
 
 univerially amongft the Pople, that they 
 arc not now to be dealt with, as they 
 might have been in Ages of lefs Enquiry ; 
 and therefore tho' in fome well chofen and 
 dearly beloved A'^ditories, goodrelblute 
 Nonienfe back'd with Authority may pre- 
 vail, yet generally Men are become lb good 
 Judges of what they hear, that the Clergy 
 ought to be very wary bow they go about 
 to impofe upon their Underftandings, which 
 are grown lefs humble than they were in 
 former times, when the Men in black l>ad 
 made Learning fuch a Sin in the Laity, tha^ 
 for fear of offending, they made a Confci- 
 encc of being able to read ; but now the 
 World is grown fa wcy, and expefts Reafons, 
 and good ones too, before they give up 
 their own Opinions to other Men's Dilates, 
 tho' never fo Magifterially delivered tothenu 
 Our Tfimmer is far from approving the 
 Hypocrifie, which feems to be the reign- 
 ing Vice amongft fome of the Diffenting 
 Clergy ; he thinks it the moft provoking 
 Sin Men can be guilty of in Relation to 
 Heaven, and yet (which may feemftrage) 
 that very Sin which fhalldeltroy the Soul 
 of the Man who preaclies, may help tofave 
 thofeof the Company that hear him, and 
 even thofe who are cheated by the falfq 
 Oftentatipn of his (Iriftnefs of Ufe, may 
 
 R J by 
 
1^4 The iharafler 
 
 by chat Pattern be encouraged to the real 
 Praftice of thole Chriftian Vertucs which 
 he does ib deceittully piofefs; fo that the 
 deteiration of this fault may poffibls becar^ 
 ry'd on too far by our own Orthodox Di- 
 vines, if they think it cannot be enough 
 exprefsM without bending the Stick another 
 way ] a dangerous Method, and a worfe 
 Extream for Men of that Charafler, who 
 by going to the outmoft line ot" Chriftian 
 l:iberc\', will certainly encourage others to 
 go beyond it ; No man does lefs approve 
 the ill-bred Methods of fome of the Diffen- 
 ters, in rebuking Authority, who behave 
 themfelves as if they thought ill Manners 
 neceffaiy to Salvation ; yet he cannot but 
 diftinguifli and defire a Mean between the 
 Sawcynefs of fome of tlic Scotch Jpo/f/es, 
 and the undeccntCourtfhipof fome of the 
 Silken Divines, who, one would think, do 
 practife to bow at the Altar, only to learn to 
 make the better Legs at Court. 
 
 Our Trimmer approves the Principles of | 
 our Church, that Dominion is not founded \ 
 in Grace, and that our Obedience is to be t 
 given to a Popifli King in other things, at I 
 the fame time that our Compliance with him \ 
 in his Religion is to be deny'd ; yet hecan- ! 
 not but think it a very exteaordinary thing, 
 ?f a Protercaut Church fhould by a voluntary; 
 
 Elcai- 
 
 i 
 
of a Trimmer. 1^5 
 
 pleclion, chufe a Papift for their Guardian, 
 and receive Direclions for fupporting their 
 RcUgion, from one who muft beUeve it 
 a Mortal Sin not to endeavour to deftroy 
 it ; fuch a refined piece of Breeding would 
 not feem to be very well placed in the 
 Clergv, who will hardly find Precedents to 
 juftine fuch an extravagant piece of Cou'^t- 
 Hip, and which is fo unhke the Primitive 
 Methods, v/hich ought to be our Pattern ; 
 he hath no fuch unreafonable tendeaiefs for 
 any forts of Men, as to expsQ: their faults 
 fhould not be impartially laid open as often 
 as they give occafion for it; and yet he 
 cannot but fmileto fee, that the fame Man, 
 whofets up all the Saih of his Rhetorick 
 to fall upon DifTenters, when Popery is to 
 be handled, he does in fo gingerly, that he 
 looks like aa Afs mumbling of Thirties, 
 fo afraid he is of letting himfelf loofe, where 
 he may be in danger of letting his Duty get 
 the better of his Difcretion. 
 
 Our Trimmer is far from relifhin^ the; 
 impertinent wandrings of thofe, who pour 
 out long Prayers upon the Congregati- 
 on, and all from their own Stock, which 
 God knows, for the moft part is a bar- 
 ren Soil, which produces weeds inftead 
 qf Flowers, and by this means they ex- 
 ppfc P,eligion ic felf, rather than promotQ 
 
 1% 4 Men'i 
 
\^ 
 
 Ihe ( har after 
 
 Men's Devotions : On the other fide, th i*e 
 may bj too great Reftraint put upoq 
 Men, whoni God and Nature hath di- 
 ftinguldied from their Fellow Labourers, 
 by bluffing them with a happier Talent, 
 and by giving them not only good Senfc, 
 but a powerful Utterance too; has ena-: 
 bled them to gulli out upon the atten- 
 tive Auditory? wi h a mighty flream of 
 devout and unaffe£led Eloquence; whea 
 a Man fo qualified, endued with Learning 
 too, and above all, adorned with a good 
 Life, breaks out into a warm and well dcr 
 liver'd Prayer before his Sermon, it has 
 the appearance of a Divine Rapture, he 
 raifes and leads the Hearts of the Affem')!/ 
 in anotlicr manner, than the mort Com- 
 posM or bcft Studied Forni of fct Words 
 can ^vcr do , and the Pray-wees, who ferve 
 up all their Sermons with the fame Gar- 
 nifhing, would look like fo macy Statues, 
 Oi Men of Straw in the Pulpit, compared 
 with thofe who fpeak with fuch a powerful 
 Zeal, that m^enare tempts- at the moment 
 to bf:Iicve Heaven it f^lf has diftated their 
 W.ord6 to \m. 
 
 Our Trip/T^er is not fo unrcafonahly in- 
 dulo'Cnt to the lJ)ilfenters, as toexcufe the 
 Ivreg^^larities of their Complaints, and to 
 approve their thrcatning Stiles, which are 
 
 " f o 
 
of a Trimmer. i ^7 
 
 fo ill-fuitsd tQ their Circumftances as well 
 as their Duty ; he would have them to 
 fliew their Grief, and not their Anger to 
 the Government, and by fuch a Submiflion 
 to Authority, as becomes them, if they 
 cannot acquiefce in what is impofed j le^ 
 them deferve a Legiflative Remedy to their 
 Sufferings, there being no other way to 
 give them perfect Redrefs ; and cither to 
 leek it, or pretend to give it by any other 
 Method, would not only be vain, but Cri- 
 minal too in thofe that go about it ; yet 
 with all this, there may in the mean time 
 be a prudential Latitude left, as to the man- 
 ner of preventing the Laws now in force 
 againft them : The Government is in fome 
 degree anfvverable for fuch an Adminiftra- 
 tionof them, as may be free from the Cen- 
 fure of Impartial Judges ; and in order to 
 that, it would be neceffary that one of 
 thefe methods bepurfued, either to letloofe 
 the Laws to their utmoft extent, without 
 any Moderation or Reftraint, in which at 
 lead the Eq.ua lity of the Government would 
 be witliout Obje^lion, the Penalties being 
 exafted, without Remiffion from the Dif- 
 feocers of all kinds; or if that will not be 
 done (and indeed there is no Rcafon it 
 fliouldj there is a neccjQTity of fomc Conni- 
 vance to the Proteftant Diflenters to exe- 
 cute 
 
^ ? -s Jhe CharaHer 
 
 cute* that which in Humanity muft be al- 
 lowed to the Papifts, even without any 
 leaning towards them, which muft be fup- 
 pofed ui thote who arc or fhall be in the ad- 
 miniftration of PubUck Bufinefs ; and it will 
 follow, that, according- to our Circumftan- 
 ces, the diftribution of fuch Connivance 
 muft bemadc in fuch a manner, that the 
 greateft part of it may fall on the Prote- 
 Jtant fide, orelfc the Objeflions will be fo 
 ftrong, and the Inferences fo clear, that 
 the Friends, as well as the Enemies of the 
 Crown, will be fure to take hold of them. 
 
 It will not be fufficient to fay that the 
 Papifts may be connivM at, becaufe they 
 aYe good Subjefts, and that the Proteftanc 
 Diffenters muft fuflFer becaufe they are ill 
 ones •, thefe general Maxims will not con-, 
 vincedifcerning Men, neither will any late 
 Inftances make them forget what pafled 
 ^t other times in the World ; both fides 
 liave had their Turns in being good and 
 ill Subjects ; and therefore 'tis cade tQ 
 imagine what fufpicions would arife in the 
 prefent conjedturc, if fuch a partial i^rgu- 
 ment as this fliould be i rposM upon us : the 
 trutli is, this Matter f[')caks fonauch of it fclf, 
 that it is not qnly unnecefTary, but it may be 
 unmannerly to fay any more of it« 
 
 Our 
 
 
of 
 
 a irimmer, 
 
 39 
 
 Our Trimmer thtr^iOi'Q could wilh, chat 
 fince, nocwithftanding the Laws which deny 
 Churches to fay Mafs in, even not only 
 the Exercife, but alfo the Oftentation of 
 Popery is as well or better performed in the 
 Chappels of fo many Foreign Minifters, 
 where the E^gli/b openly refort in fpight 
 of Proclamations and Orders of Council^ 
 which are grown to be as harmlefs things 
 to them, as the Popes Bulls, and Excornmu- 
 n,ications are to Hereticks who are out" 
 of his reach; I fay, hecould wifhthatby a 
 feafonableas well as an equal piece of Juftice, 
 there might be fo much confideration had 
 of the Proteftant Diffenters, as that there 
 might be at fome times, and at fome places, 
 a Veil thrown over an innocent and retired 
 Conventicle, and that fuch an Indulgence 
 might be praftis'd with lefs prejudice to the 
 Church, or diminutiou to the Laws, it 
 might be done fo as to look rather like 
 a kind Omiflicn to enquire more ftridly, 
 than an allowed Toleration of that which is 
 againft the Rule eftabliflied. 
 
 Such a skilful hand as this, is very ne- 
 ceOary in our Circumftances^ and the Go- 
 vernment by making no fort of Men entire- 
 ly defperate, does not only fecure it felf from 
 Villainous attempts, but lay fuch a Founda- 
 tion for heahn^ and unitin^i Laws, when 
 
 ever 
 
1 4 o The Charafler 
 
 ever a Parliament fhall meet, that the Seeds 
 of Differences and Animofities between the 
 feveral contending fides may (^Heaven con- 
 fenting) be for ever deftroyed. 
 
 7%e Trimrticr's Opinion concerning the 
 fapifts. 
 
 TO fpeak of Popery leads me into fuch 
 a Sea of Matter, that it is not eaiie 
 to torbear launching into it, being invited 
 by fuch a fruitful Theme, and by a variety 
 never to be exhaufted : But to confine it 
 to the prefent Subjeft, I will only fay a 
 ftort word of the Religion itfelf; of its 
 Influences here at this time ; and of our 
 Trimmer s Opinion in Relation to our man* 
 ner of living with them. 
 
 If a Man would fpcakMalicioudy of this 
 Religion, one may fay, it is Hke thofe Dif- 
 cafes, where as long as one drop of the 
 Infection remains, there is ftill danger oi 
 having the whole Mafs of Blood corrup- 
 ted by it. In Swcdelar^dihcTQ, was an ab- 
 folute Cure, and nnthing of Popery heard 
 of, till Queen Chnfli^.t ( whether movVl 
 by Arguments of tliis or the otiicr Woild, 
 may not be good M nncrs to enquire) 
 
 thouuht 
 
of a Trimmer. 141 
 
 thought fit to change her Religion and 
 Country, and to live at Rome^ where (he 
 might find better Judges of her Virtues, 
 and lefs ungentle Cenfures of thofe Princely 
 Liberties, to which flie was fometimes dit 
 pofed, than fhe left at Stockhdmt \ where 
 the good Breeding is as much inferiour to 
 that of Rome in general, as the Civility 
 of the Religion. The Card nals having 
 refcued the Church from thofe Clowoiln 
 M'^thods the Fifhermen had firft introduced, 
 and mended that Pattern foeffccluaHyj thac 
 a Man of that Age, if he ihould now come 
 into the World, would not poflibly know^ 
 it. 
 
 In Denmark the Reformation was entire; 
 in fome States oi Germany^ as well as Geneva,^ 
 the Cure was univerfal , but in the reft of 
 the World where the Proteftant Religion 
 took place, the Popifh humour was too 
 tough to be totally expelPd, and fo it was 
 in England. \ tho' the ChpxUge was mads 
 with all tlic advantage imaginable to die 
 Reformation, it being Countenanc'd and 
 introduc'd by Legal Authority, and by that 
 means, might have been perhaps as perfefifc 
 as in any other Place, if the fliort Reign 
 of Ed,vxrd.i\\^ 6th, and the SuccefTion of a 
 PopifliQuten had not given fuch advantage 
 to that Religion, that it has fubfilied ever 
 
 fincc 
 
14^ Tl^e Ch.u-aFler 
 
 fince under all the hardfhips that have been 
 put upon it ; it has been aftrong Compaft 
 Body, and made the more fo by thefe 
 Sufferings: It was not ftrong enough to 
 prevail, but it was able, with the help of 
 foreign fupport, to carry on an Intcreft 
 which gave the Crown trouble, and to make 
 aconfidcrable (not to fay dangerous; Figure 
 in the Nation : So much as this could not 
 iliave been done without feme hopes, nor 
 thefe hopes kept up without fomc rcafona- 
 ble grounds : In Qeen Eliz^ahettP's time, 
 the Spamjl) Zeal for their Religion, and the 
 Revenge for 88, gave warmth to the Pa- 
 fijfs here, and above all the Right of the 
 Queen of Scots to fucceed, was while fhe 
 lived fufficient to give them a better pro- 
 fpeft of their Affairs : In King Ja^fje^sihnc 
 their hopes were fupported by the Treaty 
 of the Spamjh Match ; and his gentlenefs 
 towards them, which they were ready to 
 interpret more in their own Favour, than 
 was either reafonable or became them ; fo 
 little tendcrnefs they have, even when it is 
 moft due, if the Intereft of their Religion 
 comes in competition with it. 
 
 As for the late King, tho' he gave the 
 mofl: glorious Evidence that ever Man did 
 of his being a Froteftant, yet, by the more 
 than ordinary Influence, the Queen was 
 
 thought 
 
of a Trimmer. 145 
 
 thought to have over him, and it fo hap- 
 pening that the greateft part of his Anger 
 was directed againft the Puritamj there 
 wasfucli an Advantage given to Men dif- 
 posM to fufpeft, that they were ready to in- 
 terpret it a leaning tov/ards Popery, without 
 which handle it was Morally impolTible^that 
 the ill-affefled part of the Nation could e- 
 ver have fcducM the reft into a Rebellion. 
 
 That which helpM to confirm many well 
 meaning Men in their Mifapprehefions of 
 the King, was the long and unufual inter- 
 miffion of Parliaments ; fo that every year 
 that paflcd without one, made up a new 
 Argument to increafe their Sufpicion, and 
 made them prefume that the Papifts had a 
 principal hand in keeping them off: This 
 raifed fuch heats in Men's Minds, to think 
 that Men who wereobnoxious to the Laws, 
 inftead ot being punlOied, fliould have Cre- 
 dit enough to fervethemfelves, even at the 
 price of deftroying the Fundamental Con- 
 ftitution, that it broke out into a Flame, 
 which before it could be quenched, had al- 
 moftreduc'd the Nation to Afnes. 
 
 Amongft the miferable Effefls of that 
 unnatural War^ none hath been more fatal 
 to us, than the forcing our Princes to breath 
 in another Air, and to receive the early ini- 
 prelTions of a Foreign Education ; the Bar- 
 barity 
 
^4 IhLharader 
 
 barltv of the Ert^l^jh. towards the King and 
 the Royal Family, might very \v;.ll tempt 
 him to chink the better of e/ery th ng he 
 found abroad, and might naturally produce 
 more gentlenefs, at lead, towards a Religi- 
 on by which he was hofpitably received at 
 the fame time that he was thrown off and 
 Perfecurcd by the Proreftants (tho'hisovvn 
 Subteits) to aggravate the Orfence. The 
 Queen Mother i^as generally Ladies do with 
 AgeJ grew moft devout and earnell in her 
 Religion ^ and befides, the temporal Re- 
 wards of getting larger Subfidies fiom the 
 French Clergy, Ihe had Motives of anotlier 
 kind, toperfVvade her to fhew her Zeal ; and 
 fince by the Roman Difpenfatory, a Soul 
 converted to tlie Church is a Soveraign Re- 
 medy, and lays up a mighty rtock of Merit, 
 fhe u as folicitous to fccure her fclf in all 
 Events, and therefore firft fet upon the 
 Duke of Glocejler^ who depended fo much 
 upon her Good-will, that flis might for that 
 reafon have been inducM to believe the 
 Conquell would not be difficult ; but it fa 
 fell out, that he either from his own Con« 
 Itancy, or that he had thofe near him bv 
 whomhe was otherwaicsadvis'd, chofc ra- 
 ther to run away from her importunity, 
 than by (laying to bear the continual weight 
 of it ; It IS bulivd Ihi had b>^ttcr Succefs 
 
 T?\i!fl 
 
of a Trimmer. 145 
 
 with another of her Sons, who, if he wa^ 
 not quite brought off from our RcUgion, 
 at leallfuch beginnings were made, as made 
 them very eafie to be finiflVd : his being of 
 a generous and afpiring Nature ; and in that 
 refpeft, lefs patient in the drudgery of Argu- 
 ing, might probably help to recommend a 
 Church to him, that exempts the Laity 
 from the vexation of enquiring ; perhaps 
 he might (tho' by miftake) look upon that 
 Religion as more favourable to the enlarged 
 Power of Kings, a confideration which 
 might have its weight with a young Prince 
 in his warm blood, and that was brought up 
 in Arms. 
 
 I cannot hinder my lelf from a fmall di- 
 grcdion, toconfider with Admiration, that 
 the old Lady of Rome^ with all her wrinkles^ 
 Ihould yet have the Charms, able to fubdue 
 great Princes ; fo far from Handfome, and 
 yet fo Imperious ; fo painted, and yet fo pre- 
 tending ; after having abus'd, depos'd and 
 murther'dfomany of her Lovers, fhe ftill 
 finds Others glad and proud of their new 
 Chains; a thing fo flrange to indifferent 
 Judges, that thofe who will allow no otiier 
 Miracles in the Church of Rome^ muft needs 
 grant that this is one not to be contclfed ; 
 fhe fits in her Shop, and lells at dear 
 Rates her Rattles and hc^r Kobby-florfes,, 
 
 L whilft 
 
146 IheiharaHer 
 
 vvhilft the deluded Wcrld ftill contiaucb to 
 furnifli her withCuftomcrs. 
 
 But whither am I carried by this Con- 
 templation ? It fs high time to return to my 
 Text, and to confider the wonderful man- 
 ner of the King's coming home again, led 
 by the hand of Heaven, and called by the 
 Voice of his own People, who receivM 
 him, if pofTible, with Joys equal to the 
 Bleffingof Peace and Union, which his Re- 
 Itauration brought along with it ; by this 
 there was an end put to the hopes fome 
 might have abroad, of making ufe of his 
 Icfs happy Circumirances, to throw him 
 into Foreign Interefts and Opinions, which 
 had been wholly inconfiftent with our Re- 
 ligion, our Laws, and all other things that 
 are dear to us ; yet for all this fome of thofe 
 Tinftures and Impreflions might fo far re- 
 main, as tho** they weie veiy Innocent in 
 him, yet they might have ill eifefts litre, 
 by foftningthe Animofity, which ferms ne- 
 ccfTary to the Defender of tlie Proteftant 
 Faith, in oppofition to fuch a powerful and 
 irreconcilable an Hnemy. 
 
 You may be fure, th.at among nil tlie 
 iortsof Men, whoapply'd themfelvcs to the 
 King at his (irR coming home, for his Pro- 
 tection, the Papills were not the lad, nor 
 as they fain would have HattcrM tlienifelves, 
 
 the 
 
of a Trimmer.^ 147 
 
 the leait welcome ; having their paft Suffer- 
 ings, as well as their prefenc Profeffions 
 to recommend them ; and there was feme- 
 thing that lookM like a particular ConMe- 
 ration of them, fince it fo happened, that 
 the Indulgence promis'd to DifTenrers at Bre- 
 da^ was carried on in fuch a manner, that 
 the Papifts were to divide with them, and 
 tho' the Parliament, notwithftanding its 
 Refignation to the Crown in all things, re- 
 jefted with fcorn and anger a Declaratioa 
 framed for this purpofe, yet the Birth and 
 Steps of it gave fuch an alarm, that Men's 
 fdfpicions once raifed, were not eafily laid 
 afleep again. 
 
 To omit other things, the breach of the 
 Triple League, and the Dutch War with 
 its appurtenances, carried Jealoufiesto the 
 higheft pitch Imaginable, and fed the hopes 
 of one Party, and the fears of the other to 
 fuch a degree, that fome Critical Revoluti- 
 ons were generally expefted, when the ill 
 fuccefs of that War, and the Sacrifice France 
 I thought fit to make of the Papifts here, to 
 their ownlntereft abroad, gave them ano- 
 ther Check ; and the Aft of enjoyning the 
 Teft to all in Offices, was thought to be 
 no ill Bargain to the Nation, tho' bought at 
 the Price of 1200000 Pound, and the Mo- 
 r.eyapply'd toc^pitinuethe War againftthe 
 
 I. 2 Diitchj 
 
148 The char aSler 
 
 Putch^ than which nothing could be more 
 unpopular or lefs approved. Notwithftand- 
 ing the difcouragmencs. Popery is a Plant 
 that may be mowed down, but the Root 
 will ftill remain, and in fpite of the Laws, 
 it will fproutup and grow again ; efpecial- 
 ly if it fhould happen that there fbould be 
 Men in Power, who in weeding it out of 
 our Garden, will take care to cherifh and 
 keep it alive ; and tho' the Law for exclud- 
 ing them from places of Trult was tolerably 
 kept as to their outward Form, yet there 
 were many Circumftances, which being 
 improved by the quick fighted Malice of 
 ill affefted Men, did help to keep up the 
 World in their fufpicions, and to blow up 
 Jealoufiesto fuch a height both in and out 
 of Parliament:, that the remembrance of 
 them is very unpleafant, and the example 
 fo extravagant, that it is to behop'd no- 
 thing in our Age like it will be re-attempted ; 
 but to come clofer to the Cafe in qucftion, 
 in this Condition we ftand with the Papifts, 
 what fhall now be done according to our 
 Trimmers Opinion, in order to the better 
 bearing this Grievance, finceas I have (aid 
 before, there is no hopes of being entirely 
 free from it ; Papifts we mull have among 
 us, and if their Religion keep them from 
 bringing honey to the Hive, let the Govern- 
 ment 
 
of ^Trimmer. 149 
 
 merit try, at leaft by gentle means, to take 
 away the Sting from them. The firft 
 Foundation to belaid is, thata diftinftCon- 
 fideration is to be had of the PopifhCkrgy, 
 who have fuch an eternal Intereft againft 
 all accomodation, that it is a hopelefs thing 
 to propofe any thing to them lefs than all ; 
 their Stomachs have been fet for it ever 
 fince the Reformation, they have pinned 
 themfelves to a Principal that admits no 
 mean : They believe Proteftants will be 
 damn'd, and therefore by an extrordinary 
 EfFeft of Chriftian Charity, they would 
 deftroy one half of EngUnd^ that the other 
 might befaved: Then for this World, they 
 muft be in pofTefTioa for God Almighty, 
 to receive his Rg^its for him, not to accompt 
 till the Day of Judgment, which is a good 
 dnd of. Tenure, and ye cannor well blame 
 the good Men, that will ftir up the Laicy 
 to run any hazard in order to the getting 
 :hem rcftord. What is it to the Prieft, 
 if thedeluded Zealot undoes himfelf in the 
 "Attempt ? he fings MalTes as jollily, and 
 with as good a Voice at Rome ovSt. 0,?:ers 
 as ever he did ; is a fingle Man, and can 
 have no wants but fuch as maybe eafily fup^p- 
 ply'd ; yet that he may notfecm altogether 
 mfenfible, or ungrateful to thofe that are 
 ■ liis Martyrs, he is ready to adure their 
 
 L I lExecutors^ 
 
J 5 O T^he Char after 
 
 Execiuors, and it they pleafe, M'ill procure 
 a Grunt juh Annulo P /fear oris, that the 
 good Man by being changed, has got a 
 good Bargain, and fav'd the fingeing of 
 fome hundred of years, which he would 
 elfe have had in Purgatory. Theres no 
 Cure for this Order of Men, no Expedient 
 to be proposM, fo tliat tho' the utmofi: fc- 
 verity of the Laws againft them, may 
 in fomc fort be mitigated, yet no Treaty 
 can be made with Men, who in this Cafe 
 have left themfelves no free Will, but arc 
 fo muffled by Zeal, tyed by Vows, and 
 kept up by iuch unchangeable Maxims of 
 the Priefthcod, that they are to be left as 
 defperate Patients, and look'd upon as VIcn 
 that will continue in an Eternal State of 
 Hoftility, till the Nation is entirely fubdued 
 to them. It is then only the Lay Papifts 
 that arecaj able of being treated with, and 
 we are to examine of what temper they 
 are, and what Arguments arc the moft 
 likely to prevail upon them, and how far 
 ^tis advifeable for the Government to be 
 Indulgent to them; the Lay PapiftsgeiK- 
 rally keep their Religion, father becaufe 
 they Will not break Company with thofeor 
 their Party, than out of any fettled Zeal that 
 bath Roc;C in them; moft of them do. by 
 theM'wdiatiou oi the Friefts Man y amongll 
 \ " ' ^ " one 
 
of a Trimmer. i 51 
 
 one another, to keep up an Ignorant Pofi • 
 tion bv hearing only one fide; others by 
 a miftake look upon it as the Eicutcheons 
 of the more Ancient Religion of the two; 
 and asfomeMen of a good Pedigree, v/ill 
 defpife meaner Men tho' never fo much 
 fuperiour to them by Nature, fo thefe under- 
 value Reformation as an Qpilart, and think 
 there is more Honour in fupporting an old 
 Errour, than in imbracing what feems to 
 them to be a new trath^ the Laws have 
 made them Menof Pleafure, by excluding 
 them fromPublick Bufinefs, and it happens 
 well they are fo, fince they will the more 
 eafily be perfwaded by Arguments of fiafe 
 and Conveniency to them ; they hive iiot 
 put oflF the Man in general, nor the E^^gl^fi-^ 
 mm in particular, chofe who in the late 
 ftorm againft them went into other Coun« 
 tries, tho' they had all the Advantage that 
 might recommend them to a good Recepti- 
 on, yet in a little time they chofe to fteal o- 
 .ver again, and live here with hazard, rather 
 than abroad with fecurity. There is a 
 Smell in our Native Earth, better thiq all 
 tlie Perfumes in theEaft ; there isfomething 
 in a Mother, tho' never fo Angry, that the 
 Children will more naturally truft Her, 
 phan the Studied Civilities of Strangers, 
 jet Uiem be nevqr fo Hofpitablc ; tliereforc 
 
I 5 2 T])e CharaBer 
 
 tisnot advifeable nor agreeing with the 
 Rules of Governing Prudence, to provoke 
 Men fay hardlhips lo forget that Nature, 
 which elfe is fure to be of our fide. 
 
 When thefc Men by fair Ufage are put 
 again into their right Senfes, they will have 
 quite differing Reflefticns from thofe which 
 Rigour and Ptifccution l.ad raifed in them : 
 A Lay TapiiT: will Brft confider his Abby- 
 Lands, which notwithftanding whatever has 
 orcaii bealledged, muft fink confiderably 
 in the Value, the Moment that Popery 
 prevails ; and it being a difputable Matter, 
 Vvhether Zeal might not in a little time get 
 the better of the Law in that cafe ; a con^ 
 fidering Man will admit that as an Argu 
 inent toperfwade him, to be content with 
 things as they are, rather than run this 
 or any other hazard by Change, in which 
 perhaps he may have no other Advantage, 
 than tha^ his now humble ConfcfTor may 
 be rais'd to a Bifhoprick, and from thence 
 look down fupcrcilioudy upon liis Patron, 
 or which is worfe, run to take PofTcirioc 
 ifor God Almighty of his Abby, in fuch j 
 manner. as t!ic uiurping Landlord fashewil 
 then be call d) (hall hardly be admitted t( 
 be fo much as a Tenant to his own Lsnds 
 left his Title {hould prejudge that of th 
 Church, v/hich will rhcn he the Language 
 
of a Trimmer. 15^ 
 
 he will think what difadvantagc 'tis to be 
 looked upon as a feparate Creature^ depend- 
 ing upon a Foreign Intereft and Authority, 
 and for that reafon, expos'd to the Jealoufie 
 and Sufpicion of his Country-men ; he will 
 refleft what Incumbrance it is to have his 
 Houfe a Pa (lure for hungry Priefts to graze 
 in, which have fuch a never-failng In- 
 fluence upon the Foolifli, which is the 
 greatell part of every Man's Family, that 
 a Man's Dominion, even over his own 
 Children, is mangled and divided, if not 
 totally undermin'd by them; then to be 
 fubjedto what Arbitrary Taxes thePopifh 
 Convocation fhall impofe upon them for the 
 carrying on the Common Intereft of that 
 Religion, under Penalty of being marked 
 out for half Hereticks by the reft of the 
 Party, To have no fhare in Bufinefs, no op- 
 portunity of fhewing his own Value to die 
 World; to liveatthe beft an ufelefs, and 
 by others to be thought a dangerrus Mem- 
 ber of the Nation where he is born, is a 
 burthen to a generous Mind, that cannot be 
 ^aken off by all the Pleafure of a lazy un- 
 manly life, or by the naufcous enjoyment 
 of a dull Plenty, that produceth no good 
 for the Mind) which will be confidered in 
 the firft place by a Man that has a Soul ; 
 when h^ f^iall think, that if his Religion, 
 1 -. afce;^ 
 
154 JheCharaEler 
 
 after his wading through a Sea of Blood» 
 come at laft to prevail, it would infinitely 
 IclTen, if not entirely deftroy the Glory, 
 Riches, Strength and Liberty of his own 
 Country. And what a Sacrifice is this 
 to make to Rofne^ where they are wife 
 enough to wonder there fhould be fuch Fools 
 in the World, as to venture, ftrugglc and 
 contend, nay even die Martyrs for^ that, 
 which, fliould it fucceed, would prove a 
 Judgment inftead of a BlefTmg to them ; 
 he will conclude that the advantages of 
 throwing fome of their Children back again 
 to God Almighty, when they have too ma- 
 ny of them, are not equal to the Inconve- 
 niencics they may either feel or fear, by 
 continuing their feparation from the Reli- 
 gion eftablifhed. 
 
 Temporal things will have their weight 
 in the World; and tho' Zeal may prevail 
 for a time, and get the better in a Skirmifh, 
 yet the War ends generally on the fide of 
 Flefh and Blood, and will do fo till Man- 
 kind is another thing than it is at Jprefent : 
 And therefore a wife Papift in cold Blood , 
 confidering thefe and many other Circum- 
 fiances, which 'twill be worth his pains 
 to fee if he can unmuffle himfclf from the 
 Mask of Infallibility, will think it reafona- 
 blc to fet hislmprilon'd Scnfcs at Liberty, 
 
 an(^ 
 
of a Trimmer. i 5 5 
 
 and that he has a right to fee with his own 
 ; Eyes, hear with his own Ears, and judge by 
 his own Reafon ; the confequence of which 
 might probably be, that weighing things 
 in a right Scale, and feeing them in their 
 true Colours, he would diftinguifh between 
 the nnerit of fufFering for a good Caufe, 
 and the foolifh oftentation of drawing in- 
 conveniencies upon himfelf ; and therefore 
 will not be unwilling to be convinced, that 
 our Proteftant Creed may make him hap- 
 py in the other World, and the eafier in 
 this. A few of fuch wife Profelytes would 
 by their Example draw fo many after 
 them, that the Party would infenfil3iy melt 
 away, and in a little time, without any 
 angry word, we lliould come to an Uni- 
 on, that all good Men would have Rea- 
 fon to rejoyce at : But we are not to prc- 
 fume upon thefe Converfions, without 
 preparing Men for them by kind and re- 
 conciling Arguments; nothing is fo againll 
 our Nature, as to believe thofe can be in 
 the right who arc too hard upon us; ^liere 
 is a deformity in every thing that doth 
 u? hurt, it will look fcurvily in our Eye 
 while th2 fmart continues ; and a Man 
 muft have an extraordinary Meafurc of 
 Grace, to think well of a Religion that 
 reduces him and hi§ Family to Mifcry; 
 
1 5 <J 7he CharaRer 
 
 in this rcfpeft our Trimmer would confent 
 to the mitigation of fuch Laws as were 
 made f'as it's faid King Henry VIII. got 
 Queen Elizabeth) in a heat againft Rome : 
 It may be faid, that even States as well as 
 private Men are fubjeft to Paflion 3 a juft 
 Indignation of a villainous Attempt, produ- 
 ces at the fame time fuch Remedies, as 
 perhaps are not without fome mixture of 
 Revenge; and therefore tho^ time cannot 
 Repeal a Law, it may by a natural Etfe£t 
 fofcen the Execution of it: There is lefs 
 danger to roufe a Lyon when at Reft, 
 than to awake Laws that were intended to 
 have their time of Sleeping; nay more than 
 that, in fome Cafes, their Natural periods 
 of Life ; dying of themfelves, without the 
 Solemnity of being revok'd, any otherwife 
 than by the common Confent of Mankind, 
 who do ccafe to Execute, when the Rea- 
 fons in great Meafurefail, that firft Created 
 and Juftify'd the Rigour of fuch unufual Pe- 
 nalties. 
 
 Our T/ immer is not eager to pick out • 
 fome places in Hillory againft this or any 
 other Party ; quite contrary, is very foU 
 licitous to hnd out any thing that may be • 
 healing, and tend to an Agreement ; but 
 to prcfci'ibe the means of this Gcntlenefs 
 fo as to make it cffcc];ualj, muft come froni 
 
of 4 Trimmer. i 57 
 
 the only place that can turnifh Remedies 
 for this Cure, viz. a Parliament ; in the 
 mean time it is to be wifhtd there may 
 be fuch a mutual Calmnefsof Mind, as that 
 the Proteftants might not be fo jealous, as 
 ftill to fmell the Match that was to blow 
 up the King andboth Houfesin the Gun- 
 powder Treafon, or to ftart at every ap- 
 pearance of Popery, as if it were juft taking 
 roffeflion. On the other fide, let not the 
 Papifts fufFer thcmfelvcs to be led by any 
 hopes, tho' never fo flattering, to a Confi- 
 dence or Oftentation, which muft provoke 
 Men to be lefs kind to them ; let them 
 ufe Modefl:y on their fides, and thePro- 
 tefl:ants Indulgence on theirs ; and by this 
 means there will be an overlooking of all 
 Venial Faults, a tacit Connivence at all things 
 that do not carry Scandal with them ; which 
 would amount to a kind of Natural Difpen- 
 fation with the fevere Laws, fince there 
 would be no more Accufers to be found, 
 when the occafions of Anger and Animofity 
 are once remov'd ; let the Papifts in the 
 mean time remember, that there is a re- 
 fpecl due from all Icfler Numbers to greater, 
 a deference to be paid by an Opinion that 
 is Exploded, to one that is Eftablifhed, 
 fuch a thought well digefted, will have an 
 influence upon their Behaviour, ^nd pro- 
 duce 
 
158 The Charafler ^ 
 
 duce fuch a Temper, as muft win the moft 
 eager Adverfaries out of their 111- Humour 
 to them, and give them a Title to all the 
 Favour that may be confiftent with the Pub- 
 lick Peace and Security. 
 
 Tke Trimmer's Opinion in Q^elaticn t0 
 things abroa:/. 
 
 THE World is fo compos'd, that it is 
 hard, if not impoflible for a Nation 
 not to be a great deal involvM in the Fate 
 of their Neighboui's ; and tho^ by the Felici- 
 ty of our Situation, we are more Indepen- 
 danc than any other People, yet we have 
 in all Ages been concernM for our own fakes 
 in the Revolutions abroad. There was a 
 time when £;5g/4/Z(i was the over-balancing 
 Power of Chnitendom) and that either by 
 Inheritance or Conquefl:, the better part 
 of trance received Laws from us ; after 
 tliat, we being reducM into our own Limits, 
 France and Spaw became the Rivab for 
 tlic Univcrfal Monarchy, and our third 
 Power, tho' in icfelf lefs than either of the 
 other, hapned to be Superiour to any of 
 them, -by that choice we had of throwing 
 tlic Scales on that fide to which we gave 
 
 our 
 
of ^Trimmer. 159 
 
 our FriendQiip. I do not know whether 
 this Figure did not make us as great as our 
 former Conqueft, to be a perpetual Um- 
 pire of two great contending Powers, who 
 gave us all their Courtlhip, and offerM all 
 their Incenfe at our Altar, whilft the Fate 
 of either Prince feemed to depend upon 
 the Oracles we delivered ; for the King of 
 England to fit on his Throne, as in the Su- 
 pream Court of Juftice, to which the two 
 great Monarchs appeal, pleading their Caufe, 
 and expefling their Sentence, declaring 
 which fide was in the right, or at leaft if 
 we pleasM which fide fhould have the bet- 
 ter of it, was a peace of Greatnefs which 
 was peculiar to us, and no wonder if wc 
 endeavour to preferve it, as we did for a 
 confiderable time, it being our Safety, as 
 well as Glory, to maintain it ; but by a 
 Fatality upon our Councils, or by the re- 
 finM Policy of this latter Age, we have 
 thought fit to ufe Induftry to deftroy this 
 mighty Power, which we have fo long en- 
 joyed 5 and that equality between the two 
 Monarchs, which we might forever have 
 prefer ved) has been chiefly broken by us, 
 whofe Intereft: it was above all othai's to 
 maintain it: Wlienone of them, like the 
 overflowing of the Sea, liad gained more 
 upon the otiier than our Convenience, or 
 
i6o The CharaFler 
 
 indee-i our fafety would allow ; inftead of 
 mending the Banks, or making new ones, 
 we our felves with our own hands helpc to 
 cut them, to invite and make way for a 
 farther Inundation. France and Spain have 
 had their feveral turns in making ufe of oui* 
 Miftakes, and we have been formerly ai 
 deaf to the Inftances of the then weaker part 
 of the World, to help them againft the houfe 
 oi Aujlrta^ as we can now be to the Earneft- 
 nefs of Sf^ln^ that we would aflift them a- 
 againfl: the Yowcvoi Frame, Gandomar was 
 asfawcy and as powerful too in King "James's 
 Court, as any French AmbaiTadour can have 
 been at any time fince, when Men talk as 
 wrong then on the Sfanijh fide, and made 
 their Court by it, as well as any can have 
 done fince by talking as much for xhtFrench ; 
 fo that from that time)infl:cad of weighing in 
 a wife Balance the power of either Crown, 
 it looks as if we had learnt only to weigh 
 the Penfions, and take the heaviell. 
 
 It would be tedious, as well as unweN 
 come, to recapitulate all our wrong Itcps, 
 fo that I will go no farther than the King's 
 Reftauration at which time the Balance 
 was on the fide of France^ and that by 
 the means of Crorz/nr//, who for a feparate 
 Intercft of his own, i)ad facrificcd that ut 
 the Nation, by joyning with the (Irongcr 
 
 iide^ 
 
of a Trimmer. 1 6 1 
 
 fide, to fupprefs the Power oi Spain^ which 
 he ought to have fupported. Such a Me- 
 thod was natural enough to an Ufurper, 
 and fhewed he was not the Lawful Father 
 of the People, by his having fo little care 
 of them ; and the Example coming from 
 that hand, one would think fhould for 
 that Reafon, be lefs likely to be followed. 
 But to go on, home comes the King, fol- 
 lowed with Courtfhips from all Nations 
 abroad, of which fome did it not only to 
 make them forget how familiarly they had 
 ufed him when he was in other Circum- 
 ftances, but to befpeak the Friendfhip of 
 a Prince, who befides his other Greatnefs, 
 was yet more confiderable by being re efta- 
 blifhed by the love of his People, trance 
 had an Intereft either to difpofe us to fo 
 much good Will, or at leaft to put us into 
 fuch a Condition, that we might give no 
 Oppofition to their Defigns : And Flanders 
 being a perpetual ObjeA in their Eye, a 
 lafting Beauty for which they have an in^ 
 curable PafTion, and not being kind enough 
 to confent to tlicm, they meditated to 
 commit a Rape upon her, which they 
 thought would not be eafie to do, while 
 England 2indi Ho/land wQVQ^gvQcd to refcue 
 her, wlien ever they fhould hear her cry 
 out for help to them ; to this end they 
 
 M pu 
 
i6i IheCharaSler 
 
 put in praftice Seafonable and Artificial 
 Whifpers, to widen things between us, 
 and the States. Amboyna, and the Fifhery 
 muft be talked of here ; the Freedom of 
 the Seas, and the Prefervation of Trade 
 mufl be infinuated there ; and there being 
 cumbuftible rmatter on both fides, in a 
 little time it took Fire, which gave thofe 
 that kindled it, fufficient caufe to fmile and 
 hug themfelves, to fee us both fall into the 
 Net they had laid for us. And it is obfer- 
 vable and of good example to us, if we will 
 take it, That their Defign being to fet us 
 together at Cuffs to weaken us, they kept 
 themfelves Lookers on, till our Vidiories 
 began to break the Ballance ; then the King 
 of France^ like a wife Prince, was refolved 
 to fupport the beaten fide, and would no 
 more let the Power of the Sea, than we 
 ought to lufFer the Monarchy cf Europe^ 
 to fall into one hand : In purfuancc to this, 
 he took part with the Dutch^ and in a little 
 time made himfelf Umpire of the Peace 
 between us ; fome time after, upon pretence 
 •f his Queen's Title to part of Flanders^ 
 by Right of Devolution, he falls into ic 
 with a mighty Force, for which the Sfani' 
 ard was fo little prepared, that he made 
 a very fwift Progrefs, and had fuch a Tor- 
 rent of undifputed Viftory, that Englayid 
 
 and 
 
of a Trimmer. \6% 
 
 and Holland^ though the Wounds they had 
 given one another were yec green; being 
 llruck with the apprehenfion of fo near 
 a danger to them, thought it neceflary, for 
 their own defence, to make up a fudden 
 League, into which Sweeden was taken to 
 interpofe for a Peace between the two 
 Crowns. 
 
 This had fd good anefFeft, that Frame 
 was ftopt in its Career, and the Peace of 
 Aix le ChapeUe was a little after concluded, 
 'Twas a forced put 5 and tho* Frame wifely 
 diflcmbled their inward diflatisfaftiori, yet 
 from the very moment they refolved to un- 
 ty the Triple knot, whatever itcofi: them ; 
 for his Chriftian Majefty, after his Con- 
 quering Meals, ever rifes with a Stomach ; 
 and he liked the Pattern fo well, that it 
 gave him a longing defire to have a whole 
 Piece. Amongft the other means ufed for 
 the attaining this end, the fending over the 
 Dutchefs of Orleans J was not the lead pow- 
 erful ; fhe was a very v/elcome Gueft here, 
 and her own Charms and Dexterity joyned 
 with other Advantages, that might help 
 her Perfwafions, gave her fuch an Afcendant, 
 that fhe Chould hardly fail of fuccefs. One 
 of the Preliminaries of her Treaty though a 
 trivial thing in it felf, yet was confidera- 
 ble in the Confequence, as very fmall cir- 
 
 M 2 cumftances 
 
1 64 ^^^ CharaBer 
 
 cumftances often arc in relation to the Go- 
 vernment of the World. About this time 
 a general Humour, in oppofition to France j 
 had made us throw oft^ their Falliion, and 
 put on Vefts, that we might look more 
 like a diftinft People, and not be under the 
 fervility of imitation, which ever pays a 
 greater deference to the Original, than is 
 confident with the Equality, all Independent 
 Nations fliould pretend to \ France did not 
 like this fmall beginning of Ill-Humours, at 
 lead of Emulation, and wifely confidering 
 that it is a natural Introduction firft to make 
 the World their Apes, that they may be 
 afterwards their Slaves. It was tliought 
 that one of the Inftruftions Madam brought 
 along with her, was to laugh us out of thefc 
 Vefts, which fhc performed fo effectually, 
 that in a moment, like fo many Footmen 
 who had quitted their Mafter^s Livery, we 
 all took it again, and returned to our old 
 Service ; fo that the very time of doing it 
 gave a very critical Ad vantage to Franc ey^mcQ 
 it lookt like an Evidence of our returning 
 to their Intereft, as well as to their Fafliion^^ 
 and would give fuch a diftruft of us to our 
 new Allies, that it might facilitate the d if-, 
 folution of the knot, which tied them fo 
 within their bounds, that tliey wercjvcry 
 impatient, till they were freed from the re* 
 ftraint. But 
 
of a Trimmer. i<55 
 
 But the Lady had a more extended Com- 
 miflion than this, and without doubt we 
 double-laid the Foundation of a new ftridl 
 Alliance, quite contrary to the other in 
 which we had been fo lately engaged. And 
 of this there were fuch early appearances, 
 that the World began to look upon us as fal- 
 ling into Apoftacy from the common Inte- 
 reft. Notwithftanding all this France did 
 not negleft at the fame time to give good 
 words to the Duuh^ and even to feed them 
 with hopes of fupporting them againft us, 
 when on a fudden, that never to be for- 
 gotten Declaration of War againft them 
 comes out, only to vindicate hisownGlorv, 
 and torevengethe Injuries done to his Bror 
 ther in EngUnd, by which he became our 
 Second in this Duel ; fo humble can this 
 Prince be, when at the fame time he doe§ 
 more Honour than we defcrve, he lays a 
 greater fhareof the blame upon our Shoul- 
 ders, than did naturally belong to us ; the 
 particulars of that War, our part in it while 
 we ftaid in it, and when we were out of 
 breath, our leaving the French to make an 
 end of it, are things too well known to 
 make it neceflary, and too unwelcome in 
 themfelves to incite me to repeat them; 
 \ only the wifdom of France is in this to be 
 I ,pbferved, That when we had made a fepa- 
 
 M I rate 
 
1 66 Tl?e CharaBer 
 
 rate Peace, which left them fingle toop- 
 pofe the united Force of the Confederatcsi 
 they were fo far from being angry, that 
 they would not fhew fo much as the leaft 
 coldnefs, hoping to get as much by our 
 Mediation for a Peace, as they would have 
 expe6l ed from our Affiftance in the War, our 
 Circumftances at that time confidered ; this 
 featonable piece of Indulgence, in not re- 
 proaching us, but rather allowing thofe Me- 
 ceffities of State which we gave for our Ex* 
 cufe, was fuch an engaging Method, that ic 
 went a great way to keep us ftill in their 
 Chains,when to the Eye of the World, we hacj 
 abfolutely broke loofe from them: And what 
 pafs'd afterwards at A^/w^^//^;;,tho' the Kings 
 Neutrality gave him the outward Figure of a 
 Mediator, it appeared, that his Interpofitioq 
 was extremely fufpefled of Partiality by the 
 Confederates, who upon that Ground, did 
 both at, and before the Conclufion of that 
 Treaty, treat his Minifters there with a great 
 deal of negle£l in this Peace,as well as that in 
 the Pjrenean and Aix le ChapeUe^ the King of 
 France J at the Moment of making it, had 
 the thought of breaking it ^ for a very lit- 
 tie time after he broached his Pretend- 
 ons upon Alofi, which were things that if 
 they had been offered by a l^fs formidable 
 hand, would have been foiled at ; but ill 
 
 Argu^ 
 
of a Trimmer. i67 
 
 Arguments being feconded by good Armies, 
 carry fuch a power with them, that naked 
 fenfe is a very uneqjal Adverfary. It was 
 thought that thefe airy Claims were chiefly 
 raisM with the profpeft of getting Luxen- 
 burg for the Equivolcnt ; and this Opinion 
 was confirmed by the blocking it up after-* 
 wards, pretending to the Country of Chi-* 
 ntay^ that it might be entirely furrounded 
 by the French Dominions ; and it was fo 
 preffed that it might have fallen in a little 
 timej if the King of France had not fent 
 Orders to his Troops to retire, and his 
 Chriftian Generofity which was aflign'd 
 for the reafon of it, made the World fmile, 
 fince it is feen how differently his devoui 
 Zeal works in Hungary : that fpecious Rea- 
 fon was in many refpefts ill-tim*d, and 
 France it felf gave It fo faintly, that at the 
 very time it K)oked out of Countenance ; 
 the true ground of his Retiring, is wroth 
 our obferVation; for at the inftancc of the 
 Confederates, Offices were done, and Me-» 
 morials given, but all ineffedual till the 
 word Parliament was put into them ; that 
 powerful word had fuch an eflfefl:, that eveq 
 at that diftance it rais'd the Seige, which 
 may convince us of what efficacy the King 
 of England^s words are, when he will give 
 them their full weight, and threaten with his 
 
 M 4 P^r^ 
 
1 68 The CharaRer 
 
 Parltjimenc ; it is then that he appears that 
 great Figure we ought to reprefent him in 
 our Minds, the Nation his Body, he the 
 Head, and joyncd with that Harmony, that 
 every word lie pronouncos is the Word 
 bf a Kingdom : Such words, as appears 
 by this Example, are as effeftual as 
 Fleets and Armies, becaufe they can create 
 them, and without this his Word founds 
 abioad like a faint Whifper, that is either 
 not heard, or (w^hich is worfe) not minded. 
 But tho' Fra'r2ce had made this ftep of for- 
 ced Compliance) it did not mean to leave 
 off the purfuit of their pretenfions ; and 
 therefore immediately propofed the Arbi- 
 tration to the King ; but it appeared, that 
 notwithftanding his Merit towards the Con- 
 federates, in faving Luxenburg^ the remem- 
 brances of what had pafTed before, had left 
 fuch an ill tafte in their Mouths^ that they 
 could not relifh our being put into a Con* 
 dition to difpofe of their Interelts, and there^ 
 fore declin'd it by infifting upon a general 
 Treaty, to which France has ever fince con- 
 tinued to be averfc ; our great earneftnefs 
 alfo to pcrfwade the Confederates to confent 
 to it, was fo unufnal, and fo fufpicious a 
 method, that it might naturally make them 
 believe, that France fpake to them by our 
 fllouthy and for that Rcafon, if there has 
 />'- beed 
 
of a Trimmer. 169 
 
 been no other, might hinder the accepting 
 its and fo little care hath been taken to 
 cure this, or other Jealoufies the confe- 
 derates may have enter tain'd, that quite 
 contrary, their Mimflers here every day 
 take frefli Alarms, from what they ob- 
 ferveinfmall, as well as in greater Circum- 
 ftances; and they being apt both to take 
 and improve apprehenfions of this kind, 
 draw fuch Inferences from them, as make 
 them entirely defpair of us. 
 
 Thus we now ftand, far from being In- 
 nocent Spectators of our Neighbours Ru- 
 ine, and by a fatal miftakc, forgetting what 
 a certain Fore-runner it is to our own ; 
 and now it's time our Trimmer fhouid tell 
 fomething of his Opinion, upon this pre- 
 fent State of things abroad, he firft profef- 
 fes to have no Biafs, either for or againft 
 France^ and that his thoughts are wholly 
 direfted by the Intereft of his own Coun- 
 try; he allows, and has read that S-pain 
 ufed the fame Methods, when it was in its 
 height, as Frame doth now, and therefore 
 it is not Partiality that moves him; but 
 the juft fear which all reafonable Men muft 
 be poffefs'd with, of an overgrowing Pow- 
 er ; Ambition is a devouring Beaft, when 
 it hath fwallow'd one Province, inftead of 
 being cloyed, it has fo much the greater 
 
 StomAib 
 
1 7 o The Charafter 
 
 ^lomach to another ^ and being fed, becomes 
 ftill the more hungry ; fo that for the Con* 
 federates to exped a fecurity from any- 
 thing but their own united Strength, is a 
 moft miferabie fallacy; and if tby cannot 
 refift the Inchroachments of FrAnce by their 
 Arms, it is in vam for them to dream of 
 any other means of prefervation ; it would 
 have the better grace, befidesthc faring fo 
 much Blood and Ruine, to give up all at 
 once ; make a Prefent of thcmfelves, to ap- 
 peafe this haughty Monarch, rather than 
 be whifperM, flattcr'd , or cozen'd out of 
 their Liberty. Nothing is fo foft as the firft 
 applications of a greater Prince, to engage 
 a weaker, but that fmiling Countenance 
 is but a Vizard, it is not the true Face ; 
 for as foon as their turn is ferv'd, the Court* 
 fliip flies to fome other Prince or State, 
 where the fame part is to be afted over 
 again, leaves the old miftaken Friend, to 
 Negleft and Contempt, and like an info- 
 lent Lover to a caft off Miftrefs, Reproa* 
 ches her with that Infamy, of which he 
 himfelf vyas the Author : Sweden^ Bavsria^ 
 Talatine^ &c. may by their frefh Exam* 
 pies, teach other Princes what they arc 
 rcafonably to cxpeft, and what Snakes arc 
 hid under the Flowers the Court of fr/ince ; 
 (o liberally throws upon thgrn, whillt they 
 
of a Trimmer. 1 7 1 
 
 can be uletul. The various Methods and 
 deep Intrigues, with the differing Notes in 
 feveral Countries, do not only give fufpi- 
 cion, but affurance that every thing is put 
 in practice, by which univerfal Monarchy 
 may be obtain'd. Who can reconcile the 
 withdrawing of his Troops from Luxenburg^ 
 in confideration of the War in Hungary^ 
 which was not then declared, and prefently 
 after encouraging the Turk to take VtennUy 
 and confequently to deftroy the Empire? 
 Or who can think that the Perfecution of 
 the Poor Proteftants of France^ will be ac* 
 cepted of God, as an Atonement for ha- 
 zarding the lofs of the whole Chriftian 
 Faith ? Can he be thought in earneft, when 
 he feem'd to be afraid of the Spanidrdsy and 
 for that reafon muft have Luxenhurg ; and 
 that he cannot be fafe from Germany ^ un- 
 lefs he is in poffeflion of Strasburg ? All In- 
 juftice and Violence muft in it felf be grie- 
 vious, but the aggravations of fupporting 
 *em by falfe Arguments, and infulting Rea- 
 fons, has fomething in it yet more prove- 
 king than the Injuries themfelves ; and the 
 World has ground enough to apprehend, 
 from fuch a Method of arguing, that evea 
 their Senfes are tp be fubdued as well as 
 their Liberties. Then the variety of Argu- 
 ment ufed by Frmci\xn feveral Cpuntries, 
 
171 TheCharaBer 
 
 is very obfcrvable: In E/jgland^nd Denmark 
 nothing infifted on but tlie greatnefs and 
 Authority of the Crown ; on the other 
 fide, the great Men in PoLtnd are com- 
 mended, who diflPer in Opinion with the 
 King, and they Argue hke Friends to the 
 Priviledgc of Dyet, againft the feparate 
 Power of the Crown : In Sweden they are 
 troubled that the King fliould have changed 
 fomething there of late, by his fingle Au- 
 thority, from the ancient and fetled Au- 
 thority and Conftitutions : At Ratisboney 
 the moft Chriflian Majeliy taketh the Li- 
 berties of all the Electors, and free States, 
 into his proteftion, and tells them the Em- 
 perour is a dangerous Man, an afpiring He- 
 ro, that would infallibly devour them, if 
 he was not at hand to refift him on their 
 behalf; but above all in HoUnd^ he has 
 the moft obliging tendernefs for the Com- 
 ^on-wealthy and is in fuch difquiets, left it 
 fbould be invaded by the Prince of Orangey 
 that they can do no lefs in gratitude, than 
 undo themfelves when he bids them, to 
 fhow how fenfible they are of his cxcelfive 
 good Nature ; yet in fpightof all rhefe Con- 
 tradiftions, there are in the World fuch re- 
 finM States-wen, as will upon their Credit 
 affirm the following Paradoxes to be real 
 truth ; firft that trance alone is fincere and 
 
 keeps 
 
of ^Trimmer. 175 
 
 kieps its Faith, and confequently that it is 
 the only Friend wc can rely upon ; that 
 the King of France^ of all Men living, 
 has the leafl: mind to be a Conquerour ; that 
 he is a fleepy tame Ceature, void of all 
 Ambition, a poor kind of a Man, that has 
 no farther -thoughts than to be quiet ; that 
 he is charm'd by his Friend fliip to us, that 
 it is impoffible he fhould ever do us hurt» 
 and therefore tho' Flanders was loft, it 
 would not in the leaft concern us ; that he 
 would fain help the Crown of England to 
 be abfolute, which would be to take pains 
 I to put it into a Condition to oppofe him, 
 V. as it is, and muft be our Intereft, as long 
 as he continues in fuch an cverballacing 
 Power and Greatnefs. 
 
 Such a Creed as this, if once received, 
 
 might prepare our belief for greater things 
 
 and as he that taught Men to eat a Dagger, 
 
 began firft with a Pen knife ; fo if wx can be 
 
 prevailM with to digeft the fmaller Miftakes, 
 
 we may at laft make our Stomachs ftrong 
 
 enough for that of Tranfubftantiation. 
 
 Our Trimmer cannot eafily be converted 
 
 out of his fenfesby thefe State Soph iftcrs, 
 
 and yet he has no fuch peevifh Obftinacy 
 
 as to rejeft all correfpondence with France^ 
 
 r becaufc we ought to be apprehenfive of 
 
 f! the too great power of it j he would not 
 
 have 
 
*74 Tl^ Char after 
 
 have the King's Friend fhip to the Confede- 
 rates, extended to the involving him in any 
 unreafonable or dangerous Engagements ; 
 neither would he have him lay afide the 
 confideration of his better eflabUfhment at 
 home, out of his exceiTive Zeal to fecurc 
 his Allies abroad ; but fure there might be 
 a Mean between thefe two oppofite Ex- 
 treams, and it may be wifiied, that our 
 Friendfhip with Frame^ fliould at leaftbe 
 fo bounded, that it may confift with the 
 Humour as well as the Intereft of ErtgUnd, 
 There is no Woman but has the fears of 
 contrafling too near an intimacy with af 
 much greater Beauty, becaufe it expofes 
 her too often to a Comparifon that is not 
 advantageous to her ; and fure it may be- 
 come a Prince to be as jealous of his Dig- 
 nity, as a Lady can be of her good Looks,- 
 and to be as much out of Countenance, 
 to be thought an humble Companion to' 
 fo much a greater Power; to be alv^ays 
 feen in an ill Light, to be fo darkncd by 
 the brightnefs of a greater Star, is fome- 
 what mortifying *, and when ErjgU»dm\^\\t 
 ride Admiral at the Head of the Confedc- 
 rates, to look like the Kitching Yatch to 
 the Grand Louisy is but a fcurvy Figure for 
 us to make in the Map of Qhrtfleniom ; it 
 would rife up in our Trimmer*^ ftomach, 
 
 if 
 
of 4 Trimmer. 175 
 
 ,^,,^,M^Mi^1— ^— — ■^— ~^^^— I I ■■ I | - I I " I f l 
 
 if ever ("which God forbid) the power cf 
 calling and intermitting Parliments here, 
 fbould be transferred to the Crown of 
 France J and that all the opportunities of 
 our own fettlements at home fliould give 
 way to their Projefts abroad ; and that our 
 Intcrefts fhould be fo farfacrificM to our 
 Compliance, that all the Omnipotence of 
 France can never make us full amends for it 
 In the mean time, he fhrinks at the difmal 
 profpeft he can by no means drive away 
 from his thoughts, that when Fra?fce has 
 gathered all the fruit arifing from our Mi- 
 ftakes, and that we can bear no more with 
 them, they will cut down the Tree and 
 throw it into the fire ; for all this while, 
 fome Superfine States-Men, to comfort us, 
 would fain parfwade the World, that this 
 or that accident may fave us, and for all 
 that, is or ought to be dear to us, would 
 have us to rely wholly upon Chance, not 
 confidering that Fortune is Wifdom's Crea- 
 I! ture, and that God Almighty loves to be 
 i\ ontheWifeft as well as the Strongeft fide ; 
 therefore this is fuch a miferable jfhifi:, fuch 
 a (hameful Evafion, that they would be 
 laught to death for it, if the ruining Con- 
 fequence of this Miftake did not more dif- 
 pofe Men to rage, and a deteftation of it* 
 
 Our 
 
176 The Charafler 
 
 Our Trimmer is far from Idolatary in o 
 ther things, in one thing only he comes 
 near it, his Country is in fome degree his 
 Idol ; he docs not Worfl:ip the Sun, be- 
 caufe 'tis not pecuUaf to us, it rambles about 
 the World, and is lefs kind to us than o« 
 thers ; but for the Earth of EngUnd^ tho' 
 perhaps inferior to that of many places 
 abroad, to him there is Divinity in it, and 
 he would rather dye, than lee a piece of 
 Engltfh Glafs trampled down by a Foreign 
 Trefpaffer : He thinks there are a great ma- 
 ny of his mind, for all plants are apt to 
 tafte of the Soyl in which they grow, and 
 wc that grow here, have a Root that pro- 
 duces in us a Stalk of E;2gliJI) JuicCy which 
 is not to be changed by grafting or foreign 
 infufion ; and I do not know whether any 
 thing lefs will prevail, than the Modern 
 Experiment, by which, the Blood of one 
 Creature is tranfmitted into another; ac- 
 cording to which, before the F/'e;7f/; can be 
 let into our Bodies, every drop of ourown 
 muft be drawn out of them. 
 
 Our Trimmer cannot but lament, that 
 by a Sacrifice too great for one Nation to 
 another, we fhould be like a rich Mine, 
 made ufelefsonly tor want of being wrought, 
 and that the Lite and Vigour which fhould 
 move us ';gainft our Enemies, is miferably 
 
 other 
 
of a Trimmer. 177 
 
 apply'd CO tear our own Bowels ,• chat being 
 made by our happy fituation, noc only 
 fafer, buc if we pleafe greater coo, chan 
 ocher Councries which far exceed us in ex- 
 tenc ; chat having Courage by Nature, 
 Learning by Induftry,and Riches by Trade, 
 we fhould corrupt all thefe Advancages, 
 fo as CO make chem infignificanc, and by a 
 facalicy which feemspecuUar co us,mifplace 
 our adiveRage one againft another, whilft 
 we are curn'd into Scatues on that fide 
 where lies our greaceft danger ; ro be un- 
 concerned not only at our Neighbours Ruin 
 but our own, and let our Ifland lie like a 
 greacHulk in the Sea, without Pvudder or 
 Sail, all the Men cad away in her, or as 
 if we were all Children in a great Cradle, 
 and rockt afleep to a Foreign Tune. 
 
 I fay, when our Trimmer rcprefenteth to 
 
 his Mind, our Rofes blafted and diicc- 
 
 lourM, whilft the Lillies Triumph and grow 
 
 Infolent, upon the Comparifon; when he 
 
 confiders our own once flourifning Lawrcl, 
 
 now wither'd and dying, and nothing left 
 
 us but a remembrance of a better parr in 
 
 Hiftory than we ftall make in the next 
 
 Age ; which will be no more to us than 
 
 an Elcuccheon hung upon our Door when 
 
 we are Dead ; when he forefees from hence, 
 
 growing Infamy from abroad, Confuficn 
 
 N ac 
 
1/8 The CharaEler 
 
 at home, and all this withoilc the poffibility 
 of a Cure, inrefpedof the voluntary fet- 
 ters good Men put upon themfelves by 
 their Allegiance ; without a good meafure 
 of preventing Grace, he would be tempted 
 to go out of the World like a Roman Philo- 
 fopher, rather than endure the burthen of 
 Life under fuch a difcouraging Profped. 
 But Miftakes, as all other things, have 
 their Periods, and many times the nearcft 
 way to Cure, is not to oppofe them, but 
 ftay till they are crufhc with their own 
 weight : For Nature will not allow any 
 thing to continue long that is violent; 
 violence is a wound, and as a wound, muft 
 be curable in a little time, or clfe 'tis mortal; 
 but a Nation comes near to be Immortal, 
 therefore the wound will one time or ano- 
 ther be cur'd, tho perhaps by fuch rough 
 Methods, if too long forborn, as may even 
 make the bed Remedies we can prepare, 
 to be at the fame time a Melanciioly Con- 
 templation to us ; there is but one thing 
 (God Almighty's Providence excepted) to 
 fupporc a Man from finking under thefe 
 afflicting thoughts, and that is the hopes 
 wc draw fingly from the King himielf, 
 without the mixture of any other confide- 
 ration. 
 
 Tho^ 
 
_ j/-^ Trimmer. 179 
 
 Tho' the Nation was lavifh of their Kind- 
 ftefs to him at his firft coming, yet there 
 i'emains ftill a (lock of Warmth in Mens 
 Hearts for him. 
 
 Befides, the good Influences of his happy 
 Kanet are not yet all fpent, and tho the 
 Stars of Men paft their youth are generally 
 declining, and have lefs Force,like the Eyes 
 bf decaying Beauties, yet by aBLeflingpe- 
 feuliar to himfelf, we may yet hope to be 
 faved by his Autumnal Fortune ; He has 
 fomething about him that will draw down 
 a healing Miracle for his and our Delive- 
 rance; a Prince which feems fitted forfiich 
 an offending Age, in which Men's Crimes 
 have [been fo general, that the forgiving 
 his People has been the deftroyingof them, 
 whofe Gentlenefs gives him a natural Do- 
 minion that hath no bounds, with fuch a 
 noble mixture of Greatnefs and Condcf- 
 cention^ an engaging Look, that difarms 
 Men of their ill Humours, and their Rc- 
 fentments^ fomething in him that wanrech 
 aNamey and can be no more defined than 
 it can berefifted; a Gift of Heaven, cf its 
 lad finilhing, where it will be peculiarly 
 kind : the only Prince in the VVorld thar 
 dares be familiar, or that has right to tri- 
 umph over thofe Forms which were firft in- 
 dented to give awe to thofe who could not 
 N z judge, 
 
1 8o The CharnFier 
 
 judge, and to hide Defedis from chofe that 
 couki ; a Prince that has exhaufted himielf 
 by his Libcrahty, and endangered himfelf 
 by his Mercy ; who out-lhines by his own 
 Light and natural Virtues all the varnifli 
 of ftudied Acquifitions ; his Faults are Uke 
 Shades to a good Pidurc, or hke Allay to 
 Gold, to make it tlK: more ufeful; he may 
 have Ibmc, but for any Man to fee them 
 through fo many reconciling Virtues, is a 
 Sacrilegious piece of ill Nature, of which 
 no generous Mind can be guilty; a Prince 
 that deferves to be loved for his own fake, 
 even without the help of a Comparilon ; 
 our Love, our Duty, and our Danger, 
 all joyn to cement our Obedience to him; 
 in Ihort, whatever he can do, it is no more 
 poiiiblc for us to be angry with him, than 
 with a Bank that fecures us from the raging 
 Sea, the kind Shade that hides us from 
 luc fcorching Sun, the welcome Hand that 
 reaches U5 a Reprieve, or with the Guar- 
 dian Angel, that refcues our Souls from 
 the devouring Jaws of wretched Eterni- 
 ty- 
 
 C O Nl 
 
of a Trimmer. i 8 1 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 TO Conclude, our trimmer is fo fully 
 fatisfy'd of the Truth of thcfe Prin- 
 ciples, by which he is diredied, in reference 
 to the Publick, that he will neither be He- 
 fliord and Threaten'd, Laught, nor Drunk 
 out of them ; and inftead of being conver- 
 ted by the Arguments of his Adverfaries to 
 their Opinions, he is very much confirmed 
 in his own by them ; he profefles folemnly 
 that were it in his Power to chufe,hc would 
 rather have his Ambition bounded by the 
 Commands of a Great and Wife Mafter, 
 than let it range with a popular Licenfe, 
 tho' crown'd with Succefs ; yet he cannot 
 commit fuch a fin againft the glorious thing 
 call'd Liberty, nor let his Soul ftoop fo 
 much below it felf, as to be content with- 
 out repining,to have his Reafon wholly fub- 
 du d, or the Priviledge of Ading like a fen- 
 fible Creature, torn from him by the impe- 
 rious DicStates of unlimited Authority, in 
 what hand foever it happens to be placed. 
 What is there in this that is fo Criminal, as 
 to deferve the Penalty of that moft fmgular 
 Apothegm, A trimmer u worfe than a Re- 
 iel ? What do angry Men ail to rail fo againft 
 
 N 3 Mode- 
 
I 8 z The Chara^er 
 
 Moderacion?do'sitnot look as if they were 
 going CO fome very fcurvy Extreme, that is 
 too Itrong to be digeftcd by the more con- 
 fidering part of Mankind ? Thefe Arbitrary 
 Methods, hefides the Injufticeof them, are 
 (God be thanked) very unskilful too, for 
 they fright the Birds, by talking fo lou^J, 
 from coming into the Ne(:s that are laid 
 for them ; and when Men agree to Rifle a 
 Houfe,they feldom give Warning, or blow a 
 Trumpet ; hut there arefomp fmall States- 
 men, who are fo full chargM wifh their 
 own Expediations, th^t they cannot con- 
 tain. 
 
 And kind Heaven by fending fuch a fea- 
 fonable Curie upon their Undertakings, has 
 made thier Ignorance an Antidote againft 
 their Malice; fome of thefe cannot treat 
 peaceably; yielding will not fatisfy them, 
 they will have Men by Storni; there are 
 others, that mull have Plots, to make their 
 Service more neceflary, and have an Inte- 
 reft to keep them alive, fince they are to 
 live upon them; and perfwade the King to 
 retrench his own Greatnefs, fo as to fhrink 
 into the Head of a Parry, which is thclbe- 
 traying him into fuch anUnprinccly mi-' 
 flake, and to fuch a wilful diminution of 
 himlcif, that they arc the lad Enemies he 
 ought to allow himlc'.f to foigivc ; fnch 
 
 Men , 
 
of a Trimmer. i 8 5 
 
 Men, if they could, would prevail with 
 the Sun to ftiine only upon them and their 
 Friends, and to leave all the reft of the 
 World in the dark ; this is a very unufual 
 Monopoly, and may come within the Equi- 
 ty of the Law, which makes it Treafon to 
 Imprifon the King ; when fuch unfitting 
 bounds are put to his Favour, and he con- 
 fined to the narrow limits of a particular 
 fet of Men, that would inclofe him ; thefe 
 Honeft and only Loyal Gentlemen, if they 
 may be allowed to bear Witnefs for them- 
 felves, make a King their Engine, and de- 
 grade him into a Property at the very rime 
 that their Flattery would make him believe 
 they paid Divine Worlhip to him ,• befides 
 thefe there is a flying Squadron on both 
 fides, that are afraid the World fliou'd ^- 
 gree, fmall dabblers in Conjuring, that raife 
 angry Apparitions to keep Men from being 
 reconciled, like Wafps that fly up and down, 
 buz and fting to keep Men unquiet ; but 
 thefe Inlefis are com-monly fliort liv'd Crea- 
 tures, and no doubt in a little time Man- 
 kind will be rid of them ; they were Gy- 
 ants at leaft who fought once againft Hea- 
 ven, but for fuch Pigmies as thefe to con- 
 tend againft it, is fuch a provoking Folly, 
 that the infolent bunglers ought to be laught 
 and hifs'd out of the VVorld for it ; they 
 N 4 fliould 
 
184 Tl^(^ CharaElcr 
 
 fliould confider there is a Soul in that great 
 Body of the People, which may for a time 
 be drowfie and unadiive, but when the Le- 
 viathan is rouz'd, it moves like an angry 
 Creature, and will neither be convinc d nor 
 refifted ; the People can never agree toflievv 
 their united Powers, till they are extremely 
 tempted and provoked to it; fo that to ap- 
 ply Cupping- Glalles to a great Bead natu- 
 rally dilpofed to fleep, and to force the 
 Tame thing whether it will or no to be Va- 
 liant, muft be learnt out of fome other 
 Book than Machiavil^ who w^ould never 
 have prefcribM fuch a prepofterous method. 
 Ic is to be remembred, that if Princes have 
 Law and Authority on their fides, the Peo- 
 ple on theirs may have Nature, which is a 
 fcvmidable Adverfary; Duty, Juftice, Re- 
 ligion, nay, even Humane Prudence too, 
 bids the People fuffer any thing rather than 
 rcfift ; but uncorrected Nature, where c're 
 it feels the fmart will run to the nearcfl: Re- 
 medy : Mens PaHions m this Cafe are to be 
 confidered as well as their Duty, let it be 
 never fo ftrongly cnforccd;for it their Paili- 
 ons are provoked, they being as much a 
 port of us as our Limbs, they lead Men in- 
 to a (liort way of Arguing, that admits ro 
 diftindtion^and from the foundation of .^clf- 
 dcfcncc, tb;cy \V;;1 dr^.v^' I:^<\ -, nrc;, r' at 
 
 Will 
 
of a Trimmer. i 85 
 
 Villi have miferable effeds upon the quiec 
 of a Government. 
 
 Our Trimmer therefore dreads a general 
 difcontentjbecaufe be thinks it differs from 
 a Rebellion, only as a Spotted Fever does 
 from the Plague, the fame Species under 
 a lower degree of Malignity ; it works fe- 
 veral ways ; fometimes like a flow Poyfon 
 that has its EfFeds at a great didancc from 
 the time it was given, fometimes like dry 
 Flax prepared to catch at the firft Fire, or 
 like Seed in the ground ready to fprout up- 
 on the firft Shower ; in every Ihape 'tis fa- 
 tal, and our Trimmer thinks no pains or 
 precaution can be fo great as to prevent it. 
 
 In fliort, he thinks himfelf in the right, 
 grounding his Opinion upon that Truth, 
 which equally hates to be under the Op- 
 preflions of wrangling Sophiftry of the one 
 hand, or the ilicrt didaces of miftaken Au- 
 thority on tlie other. 
 
 Our Trimmer adores the Goddefs Truth, 
 tho' in all Ages (he has been fcurvily ufed, 
 jis well as thofc that Worihipped her ; 'tis 
 of late beccmc fuch a ruining Virtue, that 
 Mankind fccms to be agreed to commend 
 and avoid it ; yet the want of Pradice 
 which Pvepeals the other Laws, has no influ- 
 ence upon tlieLaw of Truch, bccaufc ic 
 has roor in FIcaven, and an incrinfick value 
 
 in 
 
I 8 (5 The CharaEier 
 
 in ic felf, thaccan never be impaired; fiie 
 Ihews her Greatnefs in this, that her Ene- 
 mies, even when they are fuccefeful are a- 
 fliamed to own it ; nothing but Power full 
 of Truth has the Prerogative of Trium- 
 phing, not only after Vidories, but in 
 fpite of them, and to put Conqueft her felf 
 out ot Countenance ; fhe may be kept un- 
 der anJ fuppreft, but her Dignity ftill re- 
 mains with hcr,even when flie is in Chains ; 
 Falfhood wiih all her Impudence, has not 
 enough to ipeak ill of her before her Face; 
 fuch Mi^jcfty (he carries about her, that her 
 moft prolperousEncmies arc fain to whifper 
 their Trealbn ; all the Power upon Earth 
 can never excin^uifii her ; flic has liv'd in 
 all Ages ; and lee the miftaken Zeal of pre- 
 vailing Auchoiiry, Chriften any oppofition 
 to itjWith vvhar Nantc they pleare,flie makes 
 it not only an ugly and unmannerly, but a 
 dangerous thing to perfift; flic has lived ve- 
 ry retired indeed, nay fometimc fo buried, 
 that only fomefcwof thedifcerning part of 
 Mankind could have a glimpfc of her ; with 
 all that, flic has Eternity in her, flie knows 
 not how to die, and from the darkeft 
 Clouds thai iliade and cover her, flie breaks 
 from time to time with Triumph for her 
 Friends, and Terror to her Enemies. 
 
 Our 
 
of a Trimmer. i 87 
 
 Our trimmer therefore infpired by this 
 Divine Virtue, thinks fit to conclude with 
 thefe aflertions, Thac our Climate is a trim- 
 mer^ between that part of the World, where 
 Men are Roafted, and the other where they 
 are Frozen ; That our Church is a trimmer 
 between the Phrenzy of Platonick Vifions, 
 and the Lethargick Ignorance of Popifli 
 Dreams ; That our Laws are trimmers^ be- 
 tween the Excels of unbounded Power, and 
 the Extravagance of Liberty not enough re- 
 (Irained ; That true Virtue has ever been 
 thought a trimmer^ and to have its dwel- 
 ling in the middle between the two Ex- 
 treams ; That even God Almighty himfelf 
 is divided between his two great Attributes, 
 his Mercy and his Juftice. 
 
 In fuch Company, our trimmer is not 
 afliamed of his Name, and willingly leaves 
 to the bold Champions of either Extream, 
 the honour of contending with no lefs Ad- 
 verfaries than Nature, Religion, Liberty, 
 Prudence, Humanity and Common Senfe. 
 
 THE 
 
THE 
 
 ANATOMY 
 
 O F A N 
 
 EQUIVALENT. 
 
 I. ^ ■"^HE World hath of late years ne- 
 I ver been without fome extraor- 
 "*• dinary iVord to furnifti the Cof- 
 fee Houfes and fill the Pamphlets.Sometimes 
 it is a new one invented, and fometimes 
 an o/J one revived. They are ufually fit- 
 ted to fome prefent purpofe, with inten- 
 tions as differing as the various defigns 
 feveral Parties may have, either to delude 
 the People, or to expofe their Adveriaries: 
 They are not of long continuance, but at- 
 ter they have pailcd a little while, and that 
 they are grown naufeous by being fo cficn 
 repeated, they give place to Icmcthirg 
 that is newer. Thus after Ifkig^ Tory^ 
 ^LtidTrimmer have had their rime, now they 
 are dead and forgotten, being fupplantcd 
 by the word (SQUltiaiCnt, which reign- 
 eth in their ftcad. 
 
 The 
 
I ^o Tf^e Jnato)?ry of an Equivalent. 
 
 The Birth of it is in fliort this : Afte^ 
 many repeated EflSys to difpofe Men to 
 the Repeal of Oaths and Tefts, made for 
 the fecurity of tlie Proteftant Religion, 
 the general Averfion to comply in it was 
 found to be fo great, thit it was thought 
 advifable to try another manner of attemp- 
 ting it, Jlnd to fee \f hethet by putting the 
 far/fe thing into afiother l^^uld, and foftning 
 an harjh Propofttion by a plaufjhle termy they 
 might not have better lliccels. 
 
 To this end, infteadofan abfolute quit-- 
 ting of theie Laws, without any Condition j 
 which was the firfi Propofal ; now it is put 
 into gentler Language, and runneth thus; 
 If you will take away the Oaths and Tefts, 
 you /hall have as good a thing for them. This 
 put into the falhionable Word, is now cal- 
 led an eqUlMlCttt 
 
 II. So much to the Word itfelf. I wilt 
 now endeavour in fliort to examine and 
 explain, in order to tlie having it fully un-, 
 derftood. 
 
 Firft, What w the nature of atruefy///- 
 valait ; and ' 
 
 h\ the next place, What things are not to' 
 be admitted under that denomination. 
 
 Ifhall treat thcfe as general rropofitions, 
 and though I cannot undertake how far 
 they may be convincing^ I may fafcly do it 
 
 that 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent, i 9 r 
 
 that they are impartial ,• of which there can 
 be no greater evidence than that I make nei- 
 ther Inference nor Application, but leave 
 that part entirely to the Reader, according 
 as his own thoughts fliall dired and dii- 
 pofe him. 
 
 III. I will firft take notice, that this 
 Word, by the application which hath been 
 fnade of it in fome modern inftances, lieth 
 tinder fome Difadvantagey not to fay fome 
 ScanJal.lt is tranfmitted hither from France; 
 and if as in moft other things that we take 
 from them, we carry them beyond the 
 Pattern, it fliould prove fo in this, v/e 
 fhould get into a more partial ftile than 
 the Principles of Englifli Juftice willlhope 
 ever allow us to be guilty of. 
 
 The French King's Equivalents in Flan- 
 ders are very extraordinary Bargains ; his 
 manner of propofing and obtaining them is 
 very differing from the ufual methods of 
 equal dealing. In a later irrftance, Dej^mark^ 
 by the encouragement as well as by the ex- 
 ample of France^ hath proposM things to the 
 Duke of Holjlein^ which are called Equiva- 
 lentSy but that they are fo, the World is 
 not yet fufficiently convinced, and proba- 
 bly the Parties concerned do not thin'k 
 them to be fo, and confequcntly do not 
 appear to be at all difpofed to accept them. 
 
 Prmces 
 
I 9 1 The Anatomy of an Equivalent, 
 
 Princes cnjoyn and prefcribe fucli things 
 when chcy have Strength and Power to lup- 
 ply the want of Arguments ; and according 
 to Pradtice in ihele Cafes, the weaker are 
 never thought to have an i/I Bargain^ if 
 they have any thing left them. So that the 
 firfl: Qualification of an Equivalent^ rauft 
 be, that the Appraifers be indifferenty elfc 
 it is only a Soundy there can be nothing 
 real in it : For, where the fame Party that 
 propofeth a Bargain, claimcth a Right to fee 
 tiiQ Falue; or which is worfe, hath power 
 too to make it good, the other may be 
 forced to fuhmit to the Conditions, but he 
 can by no means ever be perfwaded lo treat 
 upon them. 
 
 IV. The next thing to be confidered is, 
 that to make an Equivalent in reality an 
 equal thing in the Propofer, it muft be a 
 letter thing than that which is required 
 by him ; jujl as good is fubjcd: to the hazard 
 of not being quite jo good: It is not cafic 
 to have fuch an even hand as to make the 
 Value cxadtly equal : bcfiucs, according tc 
 the Maxim in Law ; Melior conditio poffukn 
 tiSy the Offer is not fair, except the thin^ 
 ofTercd is bettor in value than the thin| 
 demanded. There mud be allowance fo 
 rcmo- ing wh;u: is i1xcd, and there mult b 
 fomcthing that m:»y be a juPwification fo 
 
 chanijin 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent. i 9 ;; 
 
 ' changing. The value of things very ofcea 
 dependeth more upon other circuraltances^ 
 than upon what is nieerly incrinfick to 
 I them ; therefore the calculation muft be 
 made upon that foot, perhaps in nioft 
 cafes; and particularly the ayjw^ which one 
 of the Parties may have of the thing he 
 requireth, maketh it more valuable to him 
 than it is in // felf If the party propofing 
 doth not want the thing he would have in 
 Exchange, his requiring it is Impertinent i 
 If he doth, his want of it muft go tntoxht 
 appraifement, and by confequence every 
 Propofer of an Equivaknt muft offer a iet- 
 ter thing, or elfe he muft not take it un- 
 kindly to be refufed, except the other par- 
 ty hath an etiual want of the fame thing, 
 which is very improbable, fince naturally 
 he that wanceth moft willfpcak firft. 
 V. Another thing ncccilary to the ma- 
 I king a fair Bargain is, that let the parties 
 '■:\ who treat, be never fo unequal in i:hcrn= 
 ' \ fel ves, yet as to the particular thing propo» 
 15 fed, there muft be an fx^(2 ^j-.v^/zV/y ; as far 
 as it relateth to the full Liberrv of taking or 
 . refufing^ concurring or oh etling, wjihouc a:iy 
 )\ confequence of Revenue, or lb much as Dil- 
 ;| fatisfadion; for it is in?pofiible to //v-jf 
 ],. where it is an A'^'ront to differ ; in that cafe 
 . there is no mean between the two cxtreams, 
 
 O cirhet 
 
194 -^^^^^ Anatoiuy of an EqutValcnt. 
 
 cither an open Quarrel or an entire Submif- 
 fion ; the way of Barggimng muft be equal, 
 elfe the Bargain itfelf cannot be fo : For ex- 
 ample, the Propofer is not only to ule equal 
 terms as to the matter^ but fair ones in the 
 tnanner too. There muft be no intimations 
 of Affger in cafe of refufaly much lefs any 
 open Ihreatning. Such a Stile is fo ill fuit- 
 ed to the ufual way of Treating, that it 
 lookcth more like a Breach of the Peace, 
 than the making a Bargain. !t would be 
 yet n'.ore improper, and lefs agreeing with 
 the nature of an Equivalent^ if whilft two 
 Men arc chaffering about the Price^ one of 
 them lliould adlually take the thing in que* 
 flionat hr.sown rate, and afterwards defire 
 to have his Poffclfion confirmed by a formal 
 Agreement ; fuch a proceeding would not 
 or.ly dejlroy that particular contract, but 
 make it impollible to have any other ^ with 
 the Party that could be guilty of fuch a 
 Pradice. 
 
 VI. F/^/^wc^ preceding deftroyeth allCon-j 
 trad, and even iho' the party that offcrcthj 
 ic iliGuld have a right to the thing he fo ta-j 
 kcch,ycc it is to be obtained by legal means, 
 elfc it may \>c forfeit edhy his irregularity it 
 the purfuit of u : The Law is llich an Hne 
 vr^yvoJlDUnce, and iblitdc to bereconcilec 
 to it, that in the Cafe of a Rape, the Pu 
 
 nifhmci: 
 
' The Anatomy of an Eqn'iVdlent, i y % 
 
 nifliment: is noc taken off, though the party 
 injured afterwards cottfenteth. The Jufticc 
 of the Law hath its eye upon the firft aiS, 
 and the Maxim of Volenti non fit injuria^ 
 doth not in this Cafe help the Offender, it 
 being a iplczfuifequeHt to the Crime, which 
 maketh it to be rejeded as a thing wrong 
 dated and out of time. 
 
 In taking away Goods or Money it is 
 the lame thing. The Party Robbed, by gi- 
 ving them afterwards to the taker,does not 
 exempt him from the Punifliment of the 
 Violence: Quite contrary, the Man from 
 whom they were taken is Puniihable, if he 
 ^ doth not Profecute, If the Cafe (hould be, 
 that a Man thus taking away a thing with- 
 out price, claimeth £l right lo take it, then 
 whether it is well or ill founded is not the 
 Queftion ; but fure, the party from whom 
 1 it is fo taken, whilft he is treating to Se/I 
 ! or Exchange it, can never make a Bargain 
 with {o Arbitrary a Chapman, there being 
 ■ no room left after that to talk of the Va- 
 ■\ lue. 
 
 VII.To make an equal Bargain there mufi: 
 j I3C a liberty of differing, noc only in every 
 ^^ thing that is really effential, but m every 
 ;:( thing that is thought jo by either '^^ny,2x\d 
 iiiinoft efpecially by him who is in pr^jjejfion 
 >pf the thing demanded : His Oj>inicn muft 
 
 Ox be 
 
1^6 1 he Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 be a Rule to him, and even his Mijlake in 
 the Value, though it may not convince 
 the Man he haih to deal with, yet he will 
 be juftified for not accepting what is offered, 
 till the Miftake is fairly redifiea and over- 
 ruled. 
 
 When a Security is defired to be changed^ 
 that fide which ^^y/r^/ib it muft not pretend 
 to impoje upon the other, fo as to didacc 
 to ihem, and tell them without debate, 
 that they zrcfafe inwhatispropcfed, fincc 
 of that the Counlel on the other fide muft 
 certainly be the mod competent 'Judges, 
 The hand it cometh from is a great Circum- 
 ftancc, either to invite or difcourage in all 
 matters of Contract ; the Qualifications ol 
 the Party offering muft fuit with the Propo- 
 fition it Iclf, cUe let it be never fo fair 
 there is ground iov Sufpicion. j 
 
 VIII. V/hen Men arc of a temper, tha 
 they think they have wrong done them, i 
 they have not always the better fide of 
 Bargain: If they happen to be fuch as b 
 experience have been found to have an i. 
 Memory for their J^Vord. If the Chara(3< 
 they bear, doth not recommend their jf, 
 Jlicey wherecver their hterejl is concern 
 In thcfe cafe3,thinking Men will avoid de^ 
 ing, net only to prevent furprize, but • 
 cut off' the cccafions of diffmltj or dispute 
 
 I 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent, i p/ 
 
 It is yec more difcouraging^ when there 
 are, either a precedent Pradice, or Jiandirtg 
 Maxims of grofs Partiality^ in afTuming a 
 privilege of exemption from the ufual me- 
 thods of equal dealings. 
 
 To illuftrate this by an Inftance. Sup- 
 pofe that in any cafe, the Church of Rome 
 Ihould have an Intereft to promote a Bar- 
 gain ; let her voay of dealing be a liccle ex- 
 amined , which will diredl thofe with 
 whom flie treateth, how far they are to 
 rely upon what fhe propofeth to th^m. We 
 may begin with the Quality in the World, 
 the lead confiftingvvith equal dealing, i/zz. 
 An incurable Partiality to her felf; which 
 that it may arrive to its full perfedion, is 
 Crowned with Infallihility. At the firft 
 fetting out, flie maketh her felf uncapa- 
 ble of dealing upon terms of Equality^ by 
 the Power ftie claimeth of binding and 
 loofing^ which hath been fo often apply'd 
 to Treaties, as well as to Sins. 
 
 If the definition of Jujliceis to deal ^^^^Z- 
 /y, flie cannot be guilty of it without ie- 
 fraying her Prerogative^ and according to 
 her Principles, llic giveth up the Superio- 
 rity derived to her by ApofioHcal Saccefion, 
 if ihe degradeth herlelf lb as to be judged 
 by the Rules of common Right, efpecially if 
 the Bargain Ihould be with Hcreticks, v/ho 
 
 O 3 in 
 
1 9 8 The Anatojiiy of an Equivalent. 
 
 in her Opinion have ferfeited the claim 
 they might othcrwifo have had to it. 
 
 IX.Befides, her Tafte hath been fo fpoil- 
 ed by tmreafonahle B^rgains^ that flic can 
 never bring down her Palate to any thing 
 that is fair or equal. She hath not only 
 judgM it an Equivalent^ but a great Bar^ 
 ^^/« for the other fide, to give tlieni Ah* 
 folutions and Indulgence for the real Pay- 
 merit of great Sums, for which file hath 
 drawn Bills to have them repay 'd with In- 
 tereft in Targatory. 
 
 This Spiritual Bank hath carried on fuch 
 a Trade upon thefe advantageous TermSy 
 that it can never fubmit to the Imail Profits 
 an ordinary Bargain would produce. 
 
 The feveral l^opes have in exchange for 
 the Peter-pence^ and all tr.cir other /?d'/;/5 
 2:'id Fines out of England^ fen: fan^ifiei, 
 Rofcs, Reliq^eSy and other fuch Wonder- 
 working Trifles. And by virtue of their 
 Charader of Holy Fathers^ have ufed 
 Princes like Children^hy lending them fuch 
 Rattles to play with, which they made 
 them buy at extravagant Rates ; befides 
 Vv'hich, they were to be thankful too, inrc 
 the Bargain. 
 
 A Chip of the Crols^a piece of Sl.La>v 
 rei^cec^ Gridiron, o Hair of Sr. Feter^ bn 
 been thought Equivalents^ for much m- 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent o 1 99 
 
 fuhftantial things. The Popes being Ma« 
 flers of the Jewel-houfe, have fee the Rates 
 jupon them, and they have palled; cho' 
 the whole Shop would not take up thcvi- 
 lue of a Bodkin in Lomhardfireet upon the 
 credit of them. 
 
 They are unconfcionahle Turchafers^ for 
 they get all the Money from the living by 
 praying for them when they are dead. And 
 it is obfervable, that the Northern Part 
 of Chriftendom, v/hich bed underftandeth 
 Jradcy were the firlt that reiufed to make 
 any more Bargains with them ; fo that it 
 looketh as if the chief quarrel to the He- 
 reticks was not as they were ill ChriJiianSj 
 but as they were unkind Merchants^ info 
 difcourteoufly rejedmg the Commodities 
 of the growth of Rome. 
 
 To conclude this Head, There's no bar- 
 tering with Infallihilitj.'ii being fo iTiUch 
 alove Equalityy that it cannot bear the in- 
 ciignicy of a true Equivalent. 
 
 X. In all Bargains there is a necefllty 
 of looking back, and reflecting hoTv fiir 
 a prefent propofal is reconcilable with a 
 former Pra^ice ; For Example, if at any 
 time a thing is odered , quite differing 
 from the Argun^ents ufcd by the propclcr, 
 and inconfiftent with the Iviaxims licid oui* 
 by him at other times. Or in apublick 
 O 4 caic, 
 
2 00 The Anatomy of an E({uiValent^ 
 
 calc, if the lame men who promote and 
 preis a thing with the utmoji violence y do 
 in a little time after with as much violence 
 prefs the contrary, and profefs a dete- 
 jlation of the very things for which they 
 had before employed all their Intereft and 
 Authority. Or if in the cafe of a Law 
 already made, there lliould be a privilege 
 claimed to exempt thofe from the Obliga- 
 tion of oblerving it, who yet fhould j/?f r- 
 vcards defire and prefs to have a new Law 
 made m exchange for the o/donc^ by which 
 they Vv'ould not be bound ; and that they 
 fhould propolc a fecurity by a thing of the 
 very fame nature as that which they did 
 not allow to be any before. Thefe hco* 
 herences muft naturally have the effcdl of 
 i^ifingfufpicion.ov rather, they are 2 certain 
 proof that in fuch circumftances it is irra- 
 tional for men to expcd an effe&ual Equi- 
 valent, 
 
 XI. If whatfoever is more than Ordinary 
 is Sufpiciouf, every thing that is unnatural 
 is more lb. It is not only unnecejfary but 
 unnatural too to perfwade with violence what 
 It is folly to refuje-, to pu(h Men WMth eagcr- 
 ncfs into a good Bargain for themfelves, is " 
 (x le very much unluitable to the nacu 
 of th.c thing. Ijuc it goerh further, anr 
 15 yet more ablurd, to grow cngry witl 
 
 mcr 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 201 
 
 men tor not receiving a propofal chat is for 
 their advantage ; Men ought to be content 
 with the Generoficy of offering good Bar- 
 gains, and fliould give their compajfion to 
 thofe who do not underftandthem: but by- 
 carrying their good nature lo far as to be 
 Cholerkk in fuch a cafe, they would follow 
 the Example of the Church of Ror/ie^ where 
 the definition of Charity is very extraor- 
 - dinary. In her Language, the Writ de Hue- 
 reticoComlurendo is a Love-letter^ ^ndlur-^- 
 ing men for differing with them in Opini- 
 on, howfoever mifcalled Cruelty^ is, as they 
 underftand it, iht perfeBionQi flami^gCha- 
 rity. 
 
 When Anger in thefe cafes lafteth longy 
 it is mod probable that it is for our own 
 fakes ; Good Nature for others is one of 
 thofe Difeafes that is cured by time^ and 
 efpeciaily where it is offered and rejeBed ; 
 but for our felves it never faileth^ and can- 
 not be extinguiflied but with our life. It is 
 fair if Men can believe that their Friends 
 \o\Qt\\Qmnext to themfclves,- to love them 
 letter is too much ; the Exprcffion is fo 
 unnatural that it is cloyhg^ and Men muft 
 have no Senfe^ who \n this cafe have no 
 Sufpicion. 
 
 XII. Another CircumdanccnecefTary to 
 a /^/r Bargain is, Thar there muft be even- 
 
 nds 
 
/- 
 
 202 The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 nefs and freedom allowed, as the oSaSt of 
 that Equality which is the Foundation of 
 Contrading. There muft be full liberty of 
 ohjetling^ and making doubts zndfcruples: 
 If they are fuch as can be anfwered^ the 
 party convinced is fo much the more con- 
 firmed and encouraged to deal, inftead of 
 being hindred by them; but if inftead of 
 an anfwcr to facisfy, there is nothing but 
 anger for a reply, it is impoffible not to 
 conclude that there is never a good one to 
 give ; fo that the objodtion remaining with- 
 out being fully confuted^ there is an abfolute 
 har put to any fui'ther Treaty. 
 
 There ca:"il3e no dcalinj^ where one fide 
 alTurr.ech a privilege to impofe^ fo as to make 
 an o^d/'y^nd not bear the examination of it, 
 tnis IS ^xvin^JHdgr/fent^noz making a bargain* 
 Whftrc \Z is c diWcd unmayincrly to oijcSly or 
 criminal ro refufe^ the ilireft way is for men 
 to (lay where they are, rather than treat 
 upon inch diradvariCogc. 
 
 If it (hould happen to be in any Country 
 where the Governing Power iliould allow 
 men Liberty of Confcicnce in the choice of 
 their Religion^ it would be ftrangc rodeny 
 rl^cm liberty of jpdcch in making a bargain. 
 Such a coarraJidion would be fo dilcoura- 
 gir^g, th.ic they mufl: be twreafonably fanguine 
 \vl o in that cafe can ciuerrain the hopes 
 cf a/j/A- Equivalcu:, XIII. An 
 
The Anatomy of an Equhalent, zoi 
 
 XIII. An equal Bargain muft not be a 
 Myfiery not 2l Secret^ the Purchafcr orPro- 
 pofer is to tell direclly and phtrdy^ what 
 it is he intendeth to give '\\\ Exchange for 
 that which he requirech. It muft be view- 
 ed and confidered by the other Party, that 
 he may judge of the value; for without 
 kHovoing what it is, he cannot determine 
 whether he {liall take or leave ir. An Af- 
 fertion in general^ that it ihail be as good 
 or a letter thing, is not in this a juffictent 
 excute for the miftake of dcahng upon 
 fuch uncertain terms. In all things that are 
 dark and not enough explained , fufpkion 
 naturally followeth : A fecret generally im- 
 plieth a defeti or a deceit , and if a falfe 
 light is an objedion, no light at all is yet 
 a greater. To pretend to give a hetter 
 thing, and to refufe to fhew ir, is very near 
 i'^ymgiii^ not fo gocd^onci at leaft fo ic 
 will be taken in common coiirtiiiction. A 
 Myjiery is yet a more dilcouraging thing 
 to a Protejlant; efpecially if the Propo- 
 rtion fliould come from a papift ; ic being 
 one of his great ObjcftiGiis ro that Church, 
 th9t there are fo many of them InviJiHe 
 and Impouihle, which are fo violently thrufi 
 upon their underftanduigs, that they are 
 overlaid wi:h them. They think that raticr- 
 val creatures 2lxq io b: convinced only by 
 
 rejfcii, 
 
2 04 T/;t* Anatomy of an EqutValrit. 
 
 reafon^ and that reafon mult be vtfihle and 
 freely expojed; die they will think them- 
 felves uiod with contempt inftead of equality^ 
 and will never allow iuch z jufpe^ed fecrecy 
 to be a fie preface co a real Equivalent, 
 
 XIV. In maccers of Conrrad, not only 
 the />rf/^A?/ value, huz xht contingences and 
 conjequences, as far as they can be fairly 
 fuppofed, are to be confidered. For Ex- 
 ample, if there fliould be a poj/iiility yth^t 
 one of the Farcies m?.y be n^ined by accept- 
 ingy and the other only d'tfappointed by his 
 refufiy!g ; the confequences are fo extremely 
 unequal^ that it is not imaginable a Man 
 fliould take that for an Equivalent^ which 
 hath fuch a fatal pofihility at the heels of it. 
 
 If it fliould happen in 2l puhlick cafe,that 
 fuch a propofal fhould come from the minor 
 part of an Aflembly or Nation, to the 
 greater y It is very juil, that the /;^2:tfr^of 
 fuch a ppfihility fliould more or lefs likely 
 fall upon the Icflcr part, rather than upon 
 the greater ; forivhnfe fake :ind advantage 
 things are, and muft be calculated in all 
 Puhlick Co}iJlitutions. Suppolein any mixed 
 Govcmmcnr, rhc Chief Magijlrate fliould 
 propoic upon a condition, in the Senate^ 
 Diety or other Suprerr.e Afiemhly^ cither to 
 Enait or Abro;^atc one cr mor.' Laws, by 
 vvhich^a /-;/?<:^///7 might be let in oi dejlr ey- 
 ing 
 
The Anatomy of an Ecptivaknt. 205 
 
 iffg their Religion and Property, which in o- 
 ther Language fignifieth no lefs than Soul 
 and Body ; where could be the Equivalent in 
 the cafe, not only for the reallojs^ but even 
 for the fear of lofing them ? Men can fall 
 no lower than to lofe all, and if lofing all 
 deftroyeth them, the venturing all muft 
 fright them. 
 
 In an Inftance when Men are fecure, 
 that how far foever they may be over-run 
 by Violence, yet they can never be un- 
 done by LaWy except they give their af- 
 fiftance to make it pofiible, though ic 
 Ihould neither be likely nor intended ; ftiil 
 the confep.ence which may happen is rco 
 big for any prefent thing to make amends 
 for it. Whilft the word iScfiTKc remain- 
 eth, itmuft/(?/^i^the Bargain. Wberecvcr 
 it fallcth out therefore, that in an Exai-i- 
 pie of a publick Nature, the Changin,^, 
 Enading, or Repealing a Law, m.^y na- 
 turally tend to the mifplacing the Legifia- 
 tive Power in the hands of thofe who have 
 a feparate intereji from the Body of a Peo- 
 ple, there can be no treating, till it is 
 demonftrably m.adc out, that fuch a con- 
 fequence fhall be alfolutely impijfille ; for 
 if that (hall be denied by thole who make 
 the propofal, if it is becaufe they cannot 
 do itj the motion at firlt was very unfair •. 
 
 If 
 
2o6 Ihc Anatomy (J an Equivalent, 
 
 If they cafj hp^I wiBnot^ ic would be yec lels 
 reafonabic to cxpcd: that fuch partial deal- 
 ers would ever give an Equivalent fit to be 
 accepted. 
 
 XV. It is iicccflary in all Dealing to 
 be ajfured'xw the firft place, that the party 
 propojing IS in a condition to make good\\\s 
 Otter; that he is neither under any former 
 Obligations or pretended ClaimSy which may 
 render hin:^ uiicapable of performing it ; 
 elle he is lb far in the condition of a Minor, 
 that wbatfocver he difpoleth by Sale or 
 Exchange, may be afterwards refumed, and 
 the Conrra6t bccometh void, being or/gi- 
 7hi/// defe^ivey for want of a fuificient le- 
 gal Power in him that made it. 
 
 In the cafe of aflrift Settlement, where 
 the parr.y is only Tenant for Life, there is 
 no poHibiHcy of treating with one under 
 fuchFcacrs; noi^uichafe or Exchange of 
 lands or any tlung cUh can be good, where 
 there is fuch an Incapacity of making out 
 a Tide ; the latcrcft veiled in him being 
 lb limited, that he can do little more than 
 pronounce the i?^f?;v/5 of a Contradt, he can 
 by no mcr.ns rcrlorm tUceffecl of it. 
 
 in moie puhlnk inftanccs, the impoffihi- 
 lit) \^ yet more cxprcfs ; as fuppole in any 
 Kingdom, where ihe Tcople have lb much 
 liberty left them, as that they may make 
 
 Con- 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 207 
 
 Contracts with the Croivn^ there fhould 
 be fotne peculiar rights claimed to be fo j6c"- 
 edx.0 the Royal Fundion, that no King 
 for the time being could have power to 
 part with them, being fo fundamentally ti«d 
 to the Office, that they can never befepa- 
 rated. Such Rights can upon no occafion 
 be received in exchange for any thing the 
 Grown may defire from the People : That 
 can never be taken in payment, which can- 
 not lawfully be given^ fo that if they flicuid 
 fart with that which is required upon tbofe 
 terms, it muft be a gift^ it cannot be a lar- 
 gain* 
 
 There is not in the whole Visionary a 
 triore untra(3:able word than Inherent^ and 
 lefs to be reconciled to the word E^uivaler^t. 
 
 The party that will Contrait \vi fpighc of 
 fuch a Claim, is content to take what is 
 impojfille to grants and if he complaincth 
 of his difappointment, he neither can have 
 Remedy, nor deiervech ir. 
 
 If a Right fo claimed happcnech to be of 
 focomprehen/tve^ nature, as chat by a cicai: 
 inference it may extend to everj thing eljc\ 
 as well as to the partictdar matcer in quiiii- 
 on, as ofcen as the Supream Magiftrare 
 fliall be fo difpofed^ there can in that calebe 
 no treatingwith a Prerogative that fwallow- 
 cth all the right thcPcopie can pretend to ; 
 
 and 
 
2o8 The A'litomy of an Eijuhrtie^it. 
 
 ■ I 1 n - -- ■ ■■ ■ - ■ - - 
 
 and it they have no ngac co any thing of 
 which they are poffeiTed, it is a Jeji and 
 not a Bargain, to obrerve any Formality in 
 parting with it. 
 
 A Claim may be lb dated, that by the 
 power and advantage of interpreting^ it (hall 
 have fuch a murthering eye, that if it look- 
 eth upon a Law, Hke a Bafilisk^ it (hall 
 ftrike it dead : Where is the polfibiUty of 
 Treating, where fnch a Right is ajfumed^. 
 Nay, let it be fuppofed, that fuch a Claim 
 is not well founded m Law^ and that upon 
 a free difquifition it could not he made out \ 
 ye: even in this cafe, none that arc well 
 advifed wiil conclude a Bargain, till it is 
 fuP,y flated and cleared^ or indeed, lb much 
 as engage in a treaty, till by way of prelimi- 
 nary all pnjfihility Ihall be removd of any 
 trouble or difpiuc. 
 
 X Vi. There is a collateral circumftance 
 in making a Contrad, which yet dclervcth 
 to be confidcrcd, as much as any thing that 
 belongcth to ic; and that is thcCharaSler 
 and Fi'Z,ureo( the parries contra6ling, if they 
 trear only by them felves;^nd if by others^ihc 
 {liulijicaticns of the Inftruments they cm- 
 ploy. 
 
 The Propofer cfpccially, mufl not be fil 
 low as to want credit^ nor lo raijed as t( 
 carry him above the 'cach of ordinary deal\ 
 
 irjt. 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent 209 
 
 ing. In the firft, There is Scandal^ in the 
 other Danger. There is no Rule without 
 fome Exception, but generally fpcaking the 
 means fliould be fuited to the ^;;^;and iince 
 all Men who treat,pretend an equal bargain^ 
 it is defirable that there may be equality in 
 the perfons as well as in the thing. 
 
 The manner of doing things hath fuch 
 an influence upon the matter, that Men 
 may guefs at the end by the inftruments 
 that are ufed to obtain it, who are a very 
 good diretlion how far to rely upon^ or 
 iufped: the fincerity of that which is propo- 
 fed. An abfurdity in the way of carrying 
 on a Treaty, in anyone circumftance, if it 
 is very grois, is enough to perfwade a 
 thinking Man to break off, and take warn- 
 ing from fuch an ill appearance. Somz 
 things arefo glaring, that ic is impofiibl^ 
 not to Jee, and conlequearly not 10 fujped 
 them; as fappofe in a private caie, th re 
 fhould be a Treaty of Marriage bee w;. en 
 two Honourable Families, and the r»ro vo- 
 fmg fide fhould think fit to lend a \Vur/},:n 
 that had been Carted, to pcrlwade the ^outig 
 Lady to an Approbation andConlcru ; ihc 
 mfitnefs of the Me(fer;ger muft nacurally 
 difpolethe other Parry to Dijlrujl the Mef 
 fagey and to refift the Temptation of the 
 iejl Match that could be oftered, when con- 
 
 P veycd 
 
2 I o The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 veyed by that hand^ and uflier'd in by fuch 
 a difcouraging frelimnary. 
 
 In a puhlkk Inftance, the Sufpicion arifing 
 from unjit Mediaton^ dill groweth more 
 reafonable in proportion, as the confequence 
 is much greater of being deceived. If a 
 Jew fliould be employed to Sollicit all forts 
 of Chrijlians to unite and agree ; the contra- 
 riety of his profejfion^ would not allow Men 
 ro ftay till they heard his Arguments; they 
 would conclude from his Religiof?y that ci 
 ther the Man hiinfelf \X2iS Mad, or that h. 
 thought thofe to be fo^ whom he had th. 
 Impudence co endeavour to perfwadc. 
 
 Or fuppofe an Adamite Ihould be very 
 foUicitous and adive, in all places, and 
 with all forts of Perfons, to fettle the Church 
 of England in particular^ and a fair Liberty 
 of Confclence for all Diffcnters ; though no- 
 thing in the World has more to be laid for 
 h than JsJaked Truths yet if fuch a Man 
 Ihould run up and down without Cloaths, 
 let his Arguments be never fo good, or his 
 Commiflion never fo Authentick, \\\%Figure 
 would be fuch a coyitraditVion to hisBu/ifiefij 
 that how ferious ibcver that might be in it 
 felf, bis interpofition would make a Jeft ot 
 it. 
 
 Though it fiioul J not go fo far as this, 
 ycc rf Men have contrarieties in their ivayo) 
 
 livinq. 
 
7he Anatomy of an Equivalent, i \ i 
 
 living not to be reconciled ; as if they 
 fliould pretend infinite zeal for Liherty,2inA 
 at that time be in great favour and employed 
 by thofe who will not endure it. 
 
 If they are affedledly fingular^ and con- 
 form to the generality of the World in no 
 one thing, but in playing the ^//^-u^?. 
 
 If demonflration is a familiar Word with 
 them, moft efpecially where the thing is 
 impoffihle. 
 
 If they quote Authority to fupply their 
 want of fenfe^ and juftify the value of their 
 Arguments, not by reafon^ but by their 
 being paid for them, (in which, by the 
 way, thofe who pay them have probably 
 a very melancholy Equivalent.^ If they 
 brandiih a Princes Word like a Sword in u 
 Crowd, to make way for their own imper- 
 tinence ; and in difpute,as Criminals former- 
 ly fled to x.\iQ. Statue of the Prince for San- 
 ctuary 5 if they fliould now, when baffled, 
 creep under the Protedion of a Kings 
 J^ame^ where out of P.efped: they are no 
 farther tobePurfued. 
 
 In thefe cafes, Though the Propoficions 
 fhould be really good, they will be ror- 
 rapced by palling through luch Conduit s^ 
 and it would be a fufficient Mifiake to enter 
 into zTreaty; but it would belictlelels than 
 ! Madnefs from fuch hands to expcd an Eqi^i- 
 valent, P 2 XVII. 
 
2 I 1 
 
 The Anatomy of an Equivalent, 
 
 XVII. Having touched upon thefe parti- 
 culars as neceflary in order to^ the ftating 
 the nature of an Equal Bargain^ and the 
 Circumftanccs belonging to it, let it now 
 be examined in two or three Inftances, 
 what things are not to be admitted by way 
 c? Contrad:, to pafs under the Name of 
 an Equivalent. 
 
 Firft, Though it will be allowed, tha: 
 in the general corruption of Mankind, 
 which will not admit Jujlice alone to be a 
 fufficienc ticto make good a Contract:, that 
 a Putiip^ment added for the breach of 
 it, is a fittings or rather a';;(?cf/7iryCiicum- 
 ftance; yet it does not follow, that in all 
 cafes, a great Penalty upon the Party Of- 
 fending is an a^folute and zn entire Security. 
 It mult be confidercd in every particular 
 caf^, how far the Circimfiances may ratio- 
 nally lead a Man to rely more or lefs upon 
 ic. 
 
 In a private Inftancc, i\it Penalty 'in^iik- 
 cd upon the breach of Contract muft be 
 firfi, luch a one as the Party injured can en- 
 forces and Secondly, fuch a one as he wit 
 enforce^ when it is in his Power. 
 
 if the Offend n(g party is in a capacity o 
 
 hindriiig t.^c other t'rom bringing the Ven 
 
 ficance of the Law upon him. If he hatl 
 
 JifCn^th or pnvikge iujiicient to over-rul 
 
 ^ tb 
 
The Anatomy of an EquiValem 1 1 5 
 
 the Letter of the Contradt ; in that Cafe, 
 a Penalty is but a Wordy there is no con- 
 fequence belonging to it. Secondly, Tlie 
 forfeiture or fum/hment muft bcfuch as the 
 Man aggrieved will take ; for Example, if 
 upon a Bargain, one of the Parcxcs fliail 
 ftipulate to fubjed himfclf, in cafe of his 
 failure tp have his Ears cuty or his JSofe flit 
 by the other, with fecurity given, that he 
 fliali not be profecuted for executing this 
 part of the Agreement j the Penalty is no 
 doubt heavy enough to difcourage a Man 
 from breaking his Contradt ; but on che 
 other fide it is of fuch a kind, that the 
 other, how much foever he may be provo- 
 ked, will not in cold Blood care to infli(5k 
 it. Such an extravagant Claufe would 
 feem to be made only for fl?ew and founds 
 and no Man would think himfelf fafer by 
 a thing which one way or other is fure to 
 prove ineffe^uai 
 
 In a puilick C^fby Suppofein a Govern- 
 ment fo conftituted that a Law may be 
 made in the nature of a Bargain^ it is in it 
 \felf no more than a dead letter, the life is 
 given to it by the execution of what it con- 
 tainech; fo chat: lee ic in it fclf be never fo 
 perfect, it dependeth upon chore who arc in- 
 xrufted with feeing ic obfcrved. 
 
 P 3 If 
 
2 I 4 I'hc Anatomy of an EiiuiValcnt. 
 
 If it is in any Country, where the chief 
 Afag/JIrate chulcth the Judges, and the JuJ- 
 ges interpret the Laws; a Penalty in any 
 one particular Law can have; no €ffe^ but 
 what iS precarious. It may have a loud voice 
 to threaten, but it has not an hanclio give 
 a blow ; for as long as the Governing Pow- 
 er is inPoflefnon of this Prerogative, let 
 who w^ill chufe the Meat, if they chufe the 
 Cooksy it is they that will give the tafte to 
 ir. So that '\z is clear that the rigour of a 
 FenaltyWiW not in all caics fix a Bargairiy 
 neither is it univcrfally a true Pofition, 
 that the increafe oi pmifhm^nt for the breach 
 oiTinevohavo, is an Equivalent for the con- 
 fent to part with the old one. 
 
 XVIII. In mofl: Bargains there is a refe- 
 rence to the tiY)H to come, which is there- 
 fore to be confidcred as well as that which 
 cometh within the compafs of the prcjent 
 valuation. 
 
 Where the party Contracling, hath not a 
 (uH power to difpolb what belongcth to 
 him or them in Reverfiony who Ihall luc- 
 ceed after him in his Right; he cannot 
 make any part of what is lb limited to be 
 the coidition of the Contrad^. Further, he 
 cannot enjoy n the Heir ov Succejj'or to for- 
 bear the Exercife of any Right that is ///- 
 hercatzo hiiDj as he is a Man: Neither cini 
 
 hcl 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 1 1 5 
 
 he rejlrain him without his own confent, 
 from doing any ad which in it felf is lawful^ 
 and liable to no oljeSlion* For Example, A 
 Father cannot ftipulate with any other Man, 
 that in confideration of fuch a thing done, 
 or to be done, his Son fliall never Marry ; 
 becaufe Marriage is an Inftitution EJtahli' 
 fhed by the Laws of God and Man, and 
 therefore no body can be fo reftrained by 
 any Power from doing fuch an Ad, when 
 he thinketh fir, being u^^rr^^W by an Au- 
 thority that is not to be Controuled. 
 
 XIX. Now as there are Rights inherent 
 in Mens Perfons in their fingle CapacitieSy 
 there are Rights as much fixed to the Body 
 Politicky which is a Creature that never 
 dieth. Forlnftance, There can be no Go- 
 vernmqnt without a Supreme Power ; that 
 Power is not always in the fame hands, it 
 is in different Shapes and Drefles, but ftill 
 whcre-cvcr it is lodged, it muft be unlimii- 
 ed : It hath a Jurifdidion over every thing 
 elfe, but it cannot have it above ir felf Su- 
 preme Power can no more be limited than 
 Infinity can be meafured; becaufe it ceaferh 
 to be the thing; its very being is diiTolv'd, 
 when any Bounds can be put to ic. 
 
 Where this vSupreme Power is mixed, or 
 divided, the /hape only d/ffereth, the ^rT.v- 
 ment is Q,i\\ the farae. 
 
 P 4 The 
 
2 I 6 The Anatomy of an EcpiivalenU 
 
 The prefcnc Scace of Fenke cannoc re- 
 ftraiii thole who fuccecd them in the lame 
 Power, from having an entire and unlimit- 
 ed Sovereignty ; they may indeed make 
 prefent Laws^ which fliall retrench their 
 prefent Power^ if they are fo difpofed; and 
 thofe Laws^ if not Repealed by the fame Au- 
 thority that Ena6ted them, are to be Ohfer- 
 veJ by the Succeeding Senate till they think 
 fit to Abrogate them, and no longer ; for if 
 the Supreme Power lliall (lili rcfide in the 
 Senate, perhaps compofed of ether Men, 
 or of other Minds (which will be fufficient) 
 the nccefTary confequencc is , that one 
 Senate muft have as niach right to j/- 
 ter luch a Law, zs another could have to 
 ivake it. 
 
 XX. Suppofe the Supreme Power in any 
 State fiTOuld make a Law, to enjoyn all fub- 
 fcqucnt Lawmakers to take an Oath never 
 ro alter it, it would produce thefe follow- 
 ing Abfurdities. 
 
 Firft, All Supreme F^iv^r being inftituted 
 to promote the fafetj and le;jejit, and to 
 prevent the prejudice and danger which may 
 fall upon thole who live under the protettu 
 on of ir ; the confequence of fuch an Oath\ 
 would be, that all Men who are lb truftedj 
 fliall take God to Witnefs, that luch aj 
 La^' once made, being judged at ibeiitm 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 2 1 7 
 
 to be advantageous for the Publick, though 
 aftervoards by the viciflitude of times, or 
 the variety of Accidents or Intercfts, ic 
 ihould plainly appear to them to be De- 
 flru^'tve^ they will fuffer it to have its 
 courfe, and will never Repeal ir. 
 
 Secondly, If there could in any Nation 
 be found a Set of Men^ who having a 
 fart in the Supreme\x%\9ir6X\s^ Vovoer^^oxAd^ 
 as much as m them lietb, betray their 
 Country by fuch a Criminal Engagement, 
 fo diredly oppofite to the tMture of their 
 Powety and to the Tra^ repofed in them. 
 If thefe Men have their Power only for 
 LifCy when they are dead fuch an Oath can 
 operate no further; and tho that would be 
 too long a Leafe for the Life of fuch a 
 Monfler as an Oath fo Ccmpofed^ yet it muft 
 then certainly give up the Ghoft. Ic 
 could bind none but the firft makers of ir, 
 another Generation would never be ty'd up 
 by it. 
 
 Thirdly, in thofc Countries where il»e 
 Si^preme Afjemhlks arc not conftant fl abid- 
 ing Courts, but called together upon occa- 
 fions, andCompofed of fuch as tlie People 
 chufc for thr*t time only, wiiha Truft and 
 CharacfJer that remaineth no longer v^'ith 
 them than till that Afiembiy is regtdarly 
 d/Jfolved; fuch an Oath taken by the Mem- 
 
 bprs 
 
2 I 8 The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 bers of a Senate, Diet, or other Aflembly fo 
 chofen, can have very little effed, becaufe 
 at the next meeting there may be quite 
 another Sec of Men^ who will be under no 
 Ohligation of that kind. The Eternity in- 
 tended to that Law by thofe that made it, 
 will be cut off by nexo Men who (hall fuc- 
 ceed them in their Power, if they have a 
 differing Tajie^ or another Intereft. 
 
 XXI. To put it yet farther, Suppofe 
 a Claufe in fuch a Law, that it fliall be 
 Criminal in the laft degree for any Man cho- 
 fen in a fublequcnt Affembly, to propose 
 the Repealing of it ; and fince nothing can 
 be £;/^^f^ which is noz(\rf\PropofeJ; by this 
 means it feemcth as if a Law might be 
 Created which fliould never Die. But let 
 this be Examined. 
 
 Firft, vSuch a Claufe would be fo De- 
 Jlrufiivc to the Being of fuch aConftitution, 
 as that it would be as rcafonable to fay, that 
 a King had Right to give or fe/l his King- 
 dom to a foreign Prince, as that any num- 
 ber of Men who arc e,:trujled with the Su- 
 preme Power, or any part of ir, fliould 
 have a right to iwpofe fuch Shackles upon 
 thcLibcrty of thofc who arc to fuccced them 
 in the fume TruJL T!ic ground of th:K 
 7/7/// is, that every Man who is chofcn 
 into fuch an AiTcmbly, is to do all ihat 
 
 1.1 
 
The Anatomy of an Equivalent, i \ 9 
 
 in him lieth for the goo J of thofe who chofe 
 him : The Englijh of fuch a Claufe would 
 be, that he is not tp do his beft for thofe 
 that chofe him, becaufe, though he Ihould 
 be convincd that it might be very Fatal to 
 continue that Law^ and therefore very ne- 
 cejfary to Repeal it, yet he mull, not Repeal 
 it, becaufe it is made a Crimea and attend- 
 ed with ^ Pe>ialtj, 
 
 But fecondly, to lliew the Emptinefs as 
 well as Injuflke of fuch a Claufe, it is clear 
 that although fuch an Invafion of Right 
 ^lould be impofed, it will never be obeyed : 
 There will only be Deformity in the Mon- 
 fler^ it will neither Jling nor hite. Such 
 Lawgivers would only have the Honour 
 of attempting a contra^Ji^io^^which can ne- 
 ver have any fuccefs ; for as fuch a Law 
 in it felf would be a Madnefs, fo the Penalty 
 would be a Jeji; which may be thus made 
 out. 
 
 XXII. A Law that carriech in it fclf Rea- 
 Jon enough 10 fupport \z^ is fo far ficm want- 
 ing the protehion of fuch aClauf;:, or from 
 needing to take fuch an extraordinary receipt 
 for a long Life, that the adtmtting it muft 
 certainly be the likeliejl and the {Imtejl 
 Vvay to dejlroy it ; fuch a Claufe in a Law 
 mufl; imply an opinion that the greatefl 
 par: of Mankind is againft ir/mce itisim- 
 
 pofiiblc 
 
2 zo The Anatomy of an Equivalent, 
 
 poflible fuch an Exorbitance fliould be done 
 for its own fake ; the end of ic muft be to 
 force Men by a Penalty^ to that which they 
 could not be perfwaded to, whilft their Rea- 
 fon is left at Liberty. This Pofition being 
 granted, which I think can hardly be deni- 
 ed, pu: the cafe that a Law fliould be made 
 With this imaginary Claufe of Irrnnortalitjfj 
 after which anorher Aflfembly ischofen,and 
 if the Majority of the Ele(flors (hall be a- 
 gainfl this Law, the greater part of the £- 
 le^ed mud h^fo coo,if the choice is fair and 
 regular ; which muft be prefumed, fincc the 
 luppoficioii of the contrary is not to come 
 within this Argument. When thcfe Men 
 iTiall meet, the Majority will be vifible be- 
 forehand of thofe who are againfl fuch a 
 Law, fo that there will be no hazard to any 
 fingte Man in propofing the Repeal of it, 
 when he cannot b:; punijhed but by the Ma- 
 jority ; and he hath fuch a kind of affurancc 
 a3 cometh near a demonftration, that the 
 greater I<!urnher will be of his Mind, and 
 confcqaenrlyjthat for their own fakes they 
 will fecure him from any danger. 
 
 For thcfe Rcafons, whcre-cver in order 
 to the nuking a Bargain, a Propofition is 
 advanccJ to make a new La\i\ which is to 
 tfc up thofe who ncicher ca>t nor will be 
 hund by i:^it miybeagood jf(f//>butit will 
 never b2 a good Equivalent. XXIII. 
 
Tie Anatomy of an EcjuiValent, 221 
 
 XXIIL In the laft place, let it be examin- 
 ed how far a Promife ought to be taken for 
 a Security in a Bargain. 
 
 There is great variety of Methods for 
 the Security of thofe that deal, according 
 to their Difpofitions and Interefts ; fome are 
 iin{iing^ox\\Qxs inducing Circuniftances, and 
 are to be fo diftinguiftied. 
 
 Firft, Ready Payment is without excep- 
 tion, fo of that there can be no difpute ; 
 in default of that, the good Opinion Men 
 may have of one another is a great ingredi- 
 ent to fupply the want of immediate Per- 
 formances. Where the Truft is grounded 
 upon Inclination only, the Generofity isnot 
 always return d;but where itfpringeth from 
 a long Experience^ it is a better foundation, 
 and yet that is not always fecure. In ordi- 
 nary dealing, one prcmife may be an Equi:- 
 valent to another^ but it is not fo for a 
 thing actually granted or conveyed ; efpe- 
 cially if the thing required in exchange fcr 
 ic, is of great value^ either in it jelf ox in 
 its confequences. A hare Promifc as a fagle 
 Security in fuch a cale, is not an equal pro- 
 pofal ; if ic is offered by way of addition ^ 
 it generally giveth caulc to doubt the Title 
 ss crazy, where fo Jlenkr a thing is brought 
 in to be a fupplcment. 
 
 XXIV. 
 
222 
 
 Ihe Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 XXIV. The Earnefl of making good a 
 Promire, mud be luch a behaviour preceed- 
 ing^ as may encourage the party to whom 
 it is made to depend upon it : Where in- 
 ftead of that, there hath been voant of Kind- 
 nefs^ and which is worfe, an Invafton of 
 Rights a Promife hath no perfwading force ; 
 and till the Ohje^ion to fuch a Proceeding 
 is forgotten^ (which can only be the work 
 of time) and the skin is a little grown over 
 the tender part, the wound mud not be 
 touch'd. There muft be fome Intermiffion at 
 Icaft to abate the fmart of unkhd t([age^ or 
 clfe aPfomilc in the Eye of the Party inju- 
 red is fo far from Jlrengthning a Security, 
 that it raifeth more doubts^ and givethmore 
 juftifiable caulc to fufpecl it. 
 
 A Word is not like a Bone, that be- 
 ing broken and well let again, is laid to 
 be fomcrimcs flronger in that very part : 
 It is far from being lb in a Word given 
 and not made good. Every fingle ASt either 
 ivejkyietb or improveth our Credit with 
 other Men ; anJ as an habit of being jujl 
 to our Word will confirm., fo tin habit of 
 too freely dijpe)ifiyig with it mufl: nccclTari- 
 ly dejlroy, A Fromife hath its eflcd to 
 pcrfwade a Man to lay fome weight upon 
 it, where the rrowifer hath not only the 
 power^ but may rcalombly be Ibppofed to 
 
 have 
 
The Anatomy of an SqutValent, 22^ 
 
 ^■^^■»^— "^^ — . 
 
 have the wi^of performing it; and further, 
 chat there be no vi/iile intereji of the party 
 promifing, to excufe himfelf from it,or to 
 evade it. 
 
 All Obligations are comparative^ and 
 where they fcem to be oppofite,or between 
 the greater and the lefler, which of them 
 ought to have precedence in all refpedls, 
 every Man is apt to be his own Judge. 
 
 XXV. If itfliouldfall out that ih^Pro- 
 mtfer with full intent at the time to per- 
 form, might by the interpofition of new 
 Arguments^ or differing Advice think him- 
 felf oblig'd to turn the matter of Confciencc 
 on the other fide, and fliould look upon h 
 to be much a greater fault to keep his word 
 than to break it; fuch a Belief will untye 
 the firi^iefl Promise that can be made; -^nd 
 though the Party thus abfolving himfelf, 
 fhould do it without the mixture cr rcmp- 
 tatioii of private Intereji^ being moved to xi 
 meerly by his Confciencc^ as then infcrmcd ; 
 yet how far foever that might diminiih clie 
 Fault in him^ it would in no degree leflea 
 the inconveniences to the party who is dif- 
 appointed^ by the breach of an Engagement 
 upon which he relyed. 
 
 XXVI. A Promife is to be underftood 
 in the plain and natural fenfe of the words, 
 and to bcfurenot in his wliomade it, if it 
 
 was 
 
2 24 The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 was given as part of a Bargain. That 
 would be like giving a Man power to raife 
 the value of his Money in the payment of 
 his Deht^ by which, tho' he paid but half 
 or lefs, he might pretend according to the 
 letter, to have made good the Contrad*. 
 
 The power of Interpreting a Promife,en- 
 tirely taketh away the virtue of it. A Mer- 
 chant who fliould once aflume that privi- 
 lege, would fave himlelf the trouble of 
 making any more Bargains. 
 
 It is ftill worfe, if this JurifMclion over a 
 Man's Promije, fhould be lo^gd in hands 
 that have Power to fupport fuch an extraor- 
 dinary Claim ; and if in other cafes, forbear- 
 ing to deal upon thofe terms is aJvifaile^ 
 in this it becomcth abfolutely necelfary. 
 
 XXVlI.Thcre muft in all refpcfts be a full 
 liberty to claim a Promifc, to make it reafo- 
 nablc CO take it in any part of pay mcnc;clfc it 
 would be like agreeing for a Renf^ and at the 
 lame time making it criminal to demand it, 
 
 A Superiority of Dignity or Power in the 
 party promifing, makcth it a more tender 
 thing for the other Party to Treat upon 
 that .Security. The firft maketh it a nice 
 thing to claim, the latter makcth it a difi- 
 cult thing to obtain. 
 
 In fome cafes, a Promife is in the nature 
 of d,Covenantj and then between equal f^t" 
 
 tics 
 
The Anatomy of an EcjuiValert. 225 
 
 ties the breach of it wiil bear a Siut ; bu: 
 where che greatnefs of the rromirer is very 
 much raifed above the level of equality, 
 there is no Forfeiture to be taken, ij: is \o 
 far from the Party grieved his beinvT able 
 to fue or recover Dama^eSj that he Will not 
 be allowed to explain or expoflulaie^ and 
 inftead of his being relieved againft the 
 breach of Prcmife, he will run the hazard 
 of being punifked for hrc2Lcho[ good Man- 
 ners. Such aDifiiculty is putting all or 
 part of the Paynicnc in the Fire, where 
 Men muft burn their Fingers before they 
 can come at it. 
 
 Thar cannot properly be called gocJ pjjy 
 menty vvhich the Party ro wliom it is due 
 may not receive wirh eafs and fafefy. \i 
 was a King's Brother of EnglaHcl who rcfu- 
 fjd to lend the Pope Money, for this rcafon, 
 That he ivnula never take the Bond of cncy 
 f.pon ?)bom he could not Diflrain. 
 
 The Argument is (lil! Jhonger 2gainQ ri^e 
 Validity of a Pro:niie, v. hen the Conrra-ft 
 is made bcwcen a Pr'nue and a 3uIjslI. 
 The very odering a Ivng's Word in Mort- 
 gage is rather zthreatning \n cafe of refulal, 
 than an hdidctng Argummt to accept it ; 
 his unfair at pjl, a-id by that givirth great- 
 er caale to becauLio'is, efpecia'dy if a ehin^ 
 of that value and dignvy as a Kuig'sWord 
 
 C^ ought 
 
2 2 6 77;e Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 ought to be, iliould be put into the hands 
 of State-Brokers to ftrike up a Bargain with 
 it. 
 
 XXVIII. When God Almighty maketh 
 Covenants with Mankind, His Prontife is 
 a [ufficient Security^ notwithftanding his 
 Superiority and his Power; becaule Firft,he 
 can neither Err nor do hjuflice. It is the 
 only Exception to his Omnipotence, that 
 by the PerfecSion of his Being he is in- 
 capacitated to do Wrong. Secondly, at the 
 itfjiant of his Promife, by the extent of his 
 Forefight, which cannot fail, there is no 
 room left for the pollibility of any thing co 
 intervene^ which might change his mind . 
 Lallly, he is above the receiving either 
 Benefit or Inconvenience y and therefore can 
 have no Interefl or Temptation to vary from 
 his Word, when once he hath granted it. 
 
 Now though Princes are God's Vicege- 
 rents, yet their CommiflTion not being fo 
 large^ as that theje Qualifications are devol- 
 ved to them, it is quite another catc, and 
 fince the ^^m/^g a Security impUeth it to 
 be examiKed by the Party to whom it is 
 propolcd, it muft not be taken ill that Ob- 
 jccSrions arc midc to it, even though the 
 Prince hinifcif (liouid be the immediate Pro^ 
 pojer. 
 
 Let 
 
I 
 
 7he Anatomy of an Equivalent. 227 
 
 Let a familiar Cafe be put; Suppofe a 
 Prince, tempted by a Paffion too ftrong 
 for him to refift, fliould defcend fo as to 
 promife Marriage to one of his Subjedls, 
 and as Men are naturally in great hade 
 upon fuch occafions, Ihould prefs to take 
 Pofleffion before the necejfary Forms could 
 be complyed with ; would the poor La- 
 dy's Scruples be called Crminaljot not ta- 
 king the Security of the Royal Word ? Or 
 would her Alligiance be tainted by her re- 
 fifltng the Sacred Perfon of her Sovereign, 
 bccaufc he was impatient of delay ? Cour- 
 tefie in this cafe might perfwade her to ac- 
 cept it, if flie was fodiljpofed; but fure the 
 ^uft exercise of Power can never clam it. 
 
 XXIX. There is one Cafe where ic i3 
 more particularly a Duty to ufe very great 
 caution in accepting the fecurity of a Pro- 
 mife, and that is, when Men are authori- 
 zed 2Xidi truflei by others to a6t for them. 
 This putteth them under much greater re^ 
 firaints than thofe who arc at liberty to rreac 
 for themselves. It is lawful^ though it is no: 
 prudent for any man to make an ill Bar- 
 gain for himfelfy but it is neither the one 
 nor the other, where the party contracting 
 treateth on behalf of another^ by whom he 
 is entrufled. Men who will unwarily ac- 
 cept an /// fecurity^ if it is for themfelves, 
 
 Q^x for- 
 
2i8 The Aiutiomy of an hiiuiValcnt. 
 
 forfeit their own Difcretion, and undergo 
 rhe Pcnalcy, but they arc nor Relponfible 
 to anybody eiie. They lie under the Mor- 
 tification and the Ids of committing the 
 Error, by which, though they may expofe 
 their Judgment to Tome Cenjure^ yet their 
 Morality luffersno Reproach by it. 
 
 But thole who are deputed by ethers co 
 treat for them, upon terms of hejl advan- 
 ttoe, though the Cohfidence placed in them 
 Ihould prevent the putiuig any limits to 
 tr.cir Power in their CommifTion, yet the 
 Condition implied if not exprejfed, is, that 
 the Pcribns to Truiled, fliail r.eieher make 
 an aiBargai^^ nor accept a Jlight Security. 
 
 The Obligation is ycc more binding when 
 the Truit is of a Puhlick Nature. The ag- 
 gravation of diiappointing a Body of Men 
 that rely upon them, carrieth the Fault 
 as high as it can go, and perhaps no Crime 
 of any kind can outdo fuch a delihe* 
 rate breach of Trufl, or would more juftly 
 m'^ke Men forfeit the Protedlion of Human 
 Scciety. 
 
 XXXI. 1 will add one tiling more upon 
 this Head, which is, that it is not always 
 a true Propofition. That 'tislafe ro rely upon 
 a Promiie, ifattlic time oi making it, it 
 Is the Ir.icrcfl of thiC Fromijer to make ic 
 good. This, chough many times it is a 
 
 good 
 

 The Anatomy of an Equivalent, itp 
 
 good Irtdncefnent^ yec it harh thefc Excep- 
 tions lo it. Firft, if the Propofer hath 
 ac other times gone plainly agalnfl Wnvtfihle 
 Interejly the Argument will turn the other 
 way, and his former Mifiakes are fo many 
 Warnings to others, not to come within 
 the danger of any more : let the Induce- 
 ments to chofe Miftakes be never fo great 
 and generous^ that does not alter the Na- 
 ture, chey are Mtflakes flill. 
 
 Intereji is an uncertain thing, It goeth 
 and cometh, and varieth according to 
 times and circumftances ; as good build 
 upon a Qutckfandy as upon a Prefumption 
 that Intereji ihall not alter. Where are the 
 Men fo diftinguiihed from the refi: of Man- 
 kind, that it is impoffible for them to 
 mifiake their hterefl ^ Who are they that 
 have fuch an exemption from human Frail- 
 ty, as that it can never happen to them 
 not to fee their Intereji for want of lln- 
 derftanding, or not to leap over it by Cic- 
 cels of Zeal.^ 
 
 Above all, Princes are tli€ mofi liable to 
 Miftake ; not out of any defeclin their Na- 
 ture, which might put them under fuch an 
 unfortunate dilliri-ition ; quiie contrary, the 
 Blood they derive from vvilb and f^reat A^i- 
 ceftors, does rather diftingnifli them on the 
 better fide; befides that, their great Cha- 
 
2 ^ o The Anatomy of an Equivalent. 
 
 rader and Office of Governing giveth a 
 noble Exercife to their Reafon, which can 
 very hardly fail to raife and improve it. 
 But there is one Circumftance annexed to 
 their Glorious Calling, which in this re- 
 fped is fufficient to outweigh all thofc Ad- 
 vantages ; it is, that Mank'tnJ^ divided in 
 mofl; things elfe, agree in this, to confpire 
 in their endeavours to deceive and yniflead 
 them ,• which maketh it above the power 
 of human underftandiiig, to be io exactly 
 guarded as never to admit a furprixe; and 
 the highefl: applaule that could ever yet 
 be given to the grcaceft Men that ever 
 wore a Crown, is that they were no often- 
 er deceived* 
 
 Thus I have ventured to lay down my 
 thoughts of the Nature of a Bargain, and 
 the due Circumjiances belonging to znEqui* 
 valent ; and Will now conclude with this 
 fliort word : '* Where Diftru fling may be 
 " the caufe of provoking Sngcr, and 
 *' Trujling may be the caufe of bringing 
 *' l^Utn, The Choice u too eafie to need the 
 [^ being Explained, 
 
I 
 
 LETTER 
 
 T O A 
 
 DISSENTER, 
 
 Uponoccafion of His Ma- 
 jefties late Gracious De- 
 claration of Indulgence. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed in the Year 1704 
 
M? 
 
 LETTER 
 
 T O A 
 
 DISSENTER, 
 
 Upon Occafion of His Majefty s 
 late Gracious Declaration of In- 
 dulgence. 
 
 ^^ I N C E Addrefles are in Fafliioa, 
 ^^^ give me leave to make one to you. 
 ij This is neither the Effed of Fear, 
 ^"^ Intereft, or Refentment ; therefore 
 you may be fure itisfincere : and for that 
 
 reafon 
 
2^4 ^ Letter to a Vijfenter. 
 
 reafon it may exped to be kindly received. 
 Whether it will have Power enough to 
 Convince, dependeth upon the Reafons, 
 of which you are to judge ; and upon 
 your Preparation of Mind, to be perfwa- 
 ded by Truth, whenever it appeareth to 
 you. It ought not to be the lefs welcome, 
 for coming from a friendly hand , one 
 whofe kindnefs to you is not leflened by 
 difference of Opinion, and who will not 
 let his Thoughts for the Publick be fo tied 
 orconfincd to this or that Sub-divifion of 
 Proteftants, as to ftiflc the Charity, 
 which befides all other Arguments , is 
 at this time become neceflary to prefcrvc 
 us. 
 
 ,.' I am neither Surprized nor Provoked,to 
 fee that in the Condition you were put 
 into by the Laws, and the ill Circumftan- 
 ccs you lay under, by having the Exclufion 
 and Rebellion laid to your Charge, you 
 were defirous to make your felves lefs un- 
 eafie and obnoxious to Authority. Men 
 Who arc fore, run to the nearell Remedy 
 with too much hade toconfider all the con- 
 fequcnccs : Grains of allowance are to be 
 given, where Nature giveth fuch ftrong 
 
 Influ- 
 
 ' 
 
A Letter to a DiJJenter, 2 ; f 
 
 Influences. When to Men under Suffer- 
 ings it offereth Eafe, the prefent Pain will 
 hardly allow time to examine the Reme- 
 dies ; and the ftrongeft Reafon can hard- 
 ly gain a fair Audience from our Mind, 
 whilft fo pofleffed, till the fmart is a little 
 allayed. 
 
 I do not know whether the warmth 
 that naturally belongeth to new Friend- 
 fliips, may not make it a harder task for 
 me to perfwade you. It is like telling 
 Lovers , in the beginning of their Joys, 
 that they will in a little time have an 
 end. Such an unwelcome Stile doth not 
 eafily find Credit : but I will fuppofe you 
 are not fo far gone in your new Paffi- 
 on, but that you will hear dill ; and there- 
 fore I am under the lefs Difcouragement, 
 when I offer to your Confideration two 
 things ; the Firfl is, The Caule you have 
 ^ to fufpec5t your new Friends. The Second^ 
 The Duty incumbent upon you, in Chri- 
 ftianity and Prudence, not to hazard the 
 Publick Safety, neither by defire of Eafc, 
 [ nor of Revenge. 
 
 To the Firfl : Confidcr that notwith- 
 
 (landing 
 
2^6 A Lctier lo a Vifj enter. 
 
 {landing the Imooch Language whicli is 
 now put on to cn^^^ge you, thefe new 
 Friends did^ not maKe you their Choice, 
 but their Refuge : They have ever made 
 their firllCourtHiips to the Church of Eh- 
 gland^ and when they were rejodcd there, 
 they made their Application to you in the 
 fecond place. The Inftances of this might 
 be given in all times. I do not repeat them, 
 becaule whatfcever is unneceffary, muft 
 be tedious, the truth of this Aflcrtion 
 being fo plain, as not to admit a Dilputc, 
 You cannot therefore realbnably flatter 
 your Iclve^, that there is any Inclination 
 to you. They never pretended to allow 
 you any Quarter, but to udier in Liberty 
 for thc.Tirelveis under that flieltcr. I re- 
 fer you to Mr. Cokmans, Letters^ and to 
 the Journals of Parliament ^ where you 
 may be convinccdj if you can be lb mi- 
 llaken as lo doubt ; nay, at this very hour, 
 they can hardly forbear, in the height of 
 their Courtiliip, to let fall hard words of 
 you. So little is Nature to be rcflrained; 
 it will ftart out fometimcs, difdaining to 
 lubmit to the Ufurpation of Art and In? 
 tcrcft. 
 
 This 
 
A Letter to a Vijjenter. 7, X r 
 
 This Aliiance, becween Liberty and /«- 
 fallihilit)^ is bringing together the Two 
 molt contrary things that are in the World. 
 The Church of Rome doth not only dif- 
 like the allowing Liberty, but by its Prin- 
 ciples it cannot do it. Wine is not more 
 exprefly forbid to the Mahometans^ than 
 giving Hercticks Liberty to the Papjjlsi 
 They are no more able to make good their 
 Vows to you, than Men Married before, 
 and their Wife ahve, can confirm their 
 Contraci with another. The continuance 
 of their kindnefs, would be a habit of Sin, 
 of which they are to repent, and their 
 Abfolurion is to be had upon no other 
 j terms, than their profijife to deltroy you. 
 \ 'You are therefore to be hugg d now, on- 
 \ ly that you may be the better Iqueezed 
 j ac another time. There miifi: be fome- 
 thing extraordinary , when the Church 
 of /?^?wf lettech up Bills, and offercth Flai- 
 : fters , for render Confcicnccs : By ail 
 that hath hitherto appeared, her skill in 
 j Chirurgery iieth chiefly in a quick hand, 
 to cut oiT Limbs ; but (lie is the worft 
 at healing, of any that ever pretended to 
 ir. 
 
 To 
 
2^8 A Letter to a Vtjfcnter. 
 
 To come fo quick from another Ex- 
 treme, is fuch an unnatural Motion, that 
 you ought to be upon your Guard ; The 
 other Day you were Sons of Belial : Now, 
 you are Angels of Light. This is a violent 
 change, and it will be fit for you to 
 paufe upon it before you believe it : If 
 your Features are not altered, neither is 
 their Opinion of you , whatever may 
 be pretended. Do you believe lefs than 
 you did, that there is Idolatry in the 
 Church of Rome> Sure yo do not. See 
 then, how they treat both in Words and 
 Writing, thofe who entertain that Opi- 
 nion. Conclude from hence, how incon- 
 fiftent their Favour is with this fingle Ar- 
 ticle, except they give you a Difpenfation 
 for this too, and by aN^« Olftanteyiccure: 
 you that they will not think the worfe of 
 you. 
 
 Think a little how dangerous it is to 
 build upon a Foundation of Paradoxes. 
 Popery now is the only Friend to Libcr-| 
 ry; an J the known Enemy toPerfecution 
 The Men of Taunton and Tiverton^ are a- 
 bove all other Eminent for Loyalty. Th( 
 V Quakers' 
 
A Letter to a Viffenter. 2^9 
 
 Quakers from being declared by the Papifts 
 not to be Chriftians, are now made Fa- 
 vourites, and taken into their particular 
 Protection; they are on a fudden grown 
 the mod Accompliflied Men of the King- 
 dom, in good Breeding, and give Thanks 
 with the beft Grace, in double refined 
 Language. So that I fliould not wonder, 
 though a Man of that Perfwafion, in 
 fpite of his Hat fhould be Mafter of the 
 Ceremonies. Not to fay harfher Words, 
 thefe are fuch very new things, that it is 
 impoflible not to fufpend our Belief, till 
 by a little more Experience we may be 
 infcrm'd whether they are Realities or 
 Apparitions : We have been under Ihame- 
 ful Miftakes, if thefe Opinions are true ; 
 but for the prefent, we are apt to be In- 
 credulous ; except we could be convin- 
 ced, that the Prieft's Words in this Cafe 
 too, are able to make fuch a fudden and 
 effedual Change; and that their Power 
 is not limited to the Sacrament, but that 
 it extendeth to alter the Nature of all 
 other things, as often as they aie fo Qi^- 
 pofed. 
 
 Lee 
 
2 40 A Lcc-i'- To a Dijl 
 
 all 
 
 Let me now fpeak of the Inftrunvmts of 
 your Friendfhip, and then leave >oa to 
 judge, whether they do not afford Maner 
 of Sufpicion. No (harpnefs is to be min- 
 gled where healing only is intended • fo 
 nothing will be faid to expofe particular 
 Men, how ftrong foever the TcmptariOn 
 may be, or how clear the Proofs to make 
 it out. A word or two in genera! , tor 
 your better Caution, fliall fuffice : Suppofe 
 then, for Argument's fake, that the Me- 
 diators of this new AUiance, (hould be 
 fuch as have been formerly imploy'd in 
 Treaties of the fame kind, and there de- 
 tedled to have A(3:ed by Order, and to 
 have been Impower'd to give Encourage- 
 ments and Rewards. Would not this be 
 an Argument to fufped them ? 
 
 If fiicy (hould plainly be under Engage- 
 ments to odc fide, their Arguments to the 
 other ought to be received accordingly; 
 their fair Pretences are to be looked upon 
 as pare of rhcir CommiiVion, which may 
 not improbably give them a Difpcnlatiotif 
 in the Cafe of Truth, when it may biing 
 a prejudice upon the Service of thofe by 
 whom they arc imployed. 
 
 31 
 
 w 
 
 \i 
 
A Letter to a Vfjfcnter. 241 
 
 If there fhould be Men who having for- 
 merly had Means and Authority to per- 
 fwadeby Secular Arguments, haveir. pur- 
 fuance of that Power, fprinkled Money 
 amongft the Diffenting Minifters ; and if 
 thofe very Men fhould now have the Tarrje 
 Authority, pradifeche fame Methods, and 
 Disburfe, where they cannot otherwife per- 
 fwade: Itfeemethto me to be rather an E- 
 vidence than a Prefumption of the Deceit, 
 
 If there fliould be Minifters amongft 
 you, who by having fallen under Temp- 
 tations of this kind, are in fome fort en- 
 gaged to continue their Frailty, by the awe 
 they are in left it (liould be expofed : The 
 perfwafions of thefe unfortunate Men muft 
 lure have the lefs force, and their Ar^^u- 
 mcnts, though never fo fpeciouSj are cob^e 
 fufpeded, when they come from Mil 
 who have Mortgaged themfelves to fev/cre 
 Creditors, that expefl a Rigorous Obfer- 
 vation of the ConcradJ, let it b^ iiever (o 
 unwarrantable. 
 
 If thefe,or any others, fliould at this time 
 J Preach up Anger and Vengeance againft 
 5 the Church of England ; may it not with- 
 ' R out 
 
* 
 
 241 A I^ettcr to a DifjoUcr. 
 
 one Injuliicc be iuipccled, that a thing 
 lb plainly out of Icslbn , r})ripuevh ra- 
 ther from Corriipt'.on than Millakc ,- and 
 that rhofc who aii this Cholcrick parr, 
 do not believe rhcmielves, buc only pur- 
 ine higher Directions, and Ci^deavour to 
 make good thar pare of their Contrad: 
 which obligeeh tbcm, upon a Forfeiture, 
 to make ule of their inflarning Rlcquence? 
 Tii.^y might ?.pprchend their VVa^-^cs would 
 be rcrrcnch'd if they IhouiJ be Moderate: 
 And therefore whillt Violence is their In- 
 tcreft, thole who have not the lame A?gu- 
 menrs, have no reafon to follow iuch a 
 parcia! Example. 
 
 If there fivould be Men , who by the] 
 Joad of their Crimes againll thg Govern- 
 mcnr, liave been bowed down to com- 
 ply vvich it againfl: iheir Confcience ; vvhoj 
 bv incurring the wane of n Pardon, have] 
 drawn upon rhcmielves a neccfiity of an! 
 entire Refignation : Such Men arc to bcl 
 lamented, but not to be believed. NayJ 
 they thcmlelves, when they have dilchar- 
 ^':d their Unwelcome Task, will be in- 
 wardly glad that their forced Endeavoui 
 do not iuccecd, and areplcai'ed when Mci 
 
 rcfif 
 
 
A L^::^r to a 'Dtfjentcr. 2 4 > 
 
 refift their Infinuations,* which are far from 
 being voluarary or Sincere, but arefquecz- 
 ed oui of them by the weight of their be- 
 ing fo Obnoxious. 
 
 If in the heighth of this great cf. nr- 
 nefs, by comparing things, it Ihould hap- 
 pen, that at this Inftant, there is much 
 a furer Friendlhip with thofe who arc fo 
 far from allowing Liberty, that they aU 
 low no Living to a Proreftant under them.- 
 Let the Scene lie in what part of the 
 World it wilL the Argument will come 
 home , and fure it will afford fufEcicnc 
 ground to fufpcd:. Apparent Contradidli- 
 ons muft ftrike us 5 neither Nature noe 
 Reafon can digeflthem: Sclf-Flattcry, and 
 the defire to Deceive our lelves, to gra- 
 j tify prefent Apperice, with all their Pow- 
 er, which is Great, caniiot get the bet- 
 ter of fuch broad Convidion, 33 lo:r»e 
 j things csrry along with them. Will you 
 I Call thele vain and empty Sufpicions? have 
 , you been at all times fo void of Fears 
 . and Jealoufics as to juftify your being 
 5; fo unreafonably Valiaat in having nor,e 
 ^ upon this occafion ? Such an e^cf raor- 
 [^ R X dinar/ 
 
2 44 ^ Lc^m- to a Vilfcntcr. 
 
 dinary Courage at this unleafonablc time, 
 to fay no more, is too dangerous a Virtue 
 to be commended. 
 
 If then, for thefe and a thoufand other 
 Reafons, there is caufe to fufpecSt, furc 
 your new Friends are not to didate to 
 you, or advife you ; for Inftance, The 
 AddrefTes that fly abroad every Week, and 
 Murther us with another to the fame ; the 
 fjrft Draughts are made by thofe who 
 are not very proper to be Secretaries to 
 the Proceftant Rehgion; and it is your 
 part only to Write them out fairer a- 
 gain. 
 
 Strange ! that you who have been for- 
 merly fo much againft Set Forms^ fliould 
 now be content the Priefts fhould Indite 
 for you. The nature of Thanks is an 
 unavoidable confcqucnce of being plea- 
 fed or obliged ; they grow in the Heart, 
 and from thence Ihew themfelves cither 
 in Looks, Speech, Writing, or Adion : 
 No Man was ever Thankful becaufc he 
 was bid to be fo, but becaufe he had, or 
 
 thoughc 
 
A Letter to a Dijfenter. 245 
 
 thought he had fome rcafon for it. If 
 then there is caule in this Cafe to pay fuch 
 extravagant Acknowledgments, they will 
 flow naturally, without taking fuch pains 
 to procure them ; and it is unkindly done 
 to tire all the Poft-Horfes with carrying 
 Circular Letters to folicit that which would 
 be done without anyTrouble orConftraint: 
 If it is really in it felf fuch a Favour, what 
 needeth fo much preffing Men to be thank- 
 ful, and with fuch eager circumftances, 
 that where Perfuafions cannot delude, 
 Threatnings are employed to fright them 
 into a Compliance. Thanks muft be vo- 
 luntary , not only unconftrained , but 
 unfolicited, elfe they are either Trifles or 
 Snares, that either fignify nothing, or a 
 great deal more than is intended by 
 thofc that give them. If an Inference 
 fliould be made, That whofoever thank* 
 cth the King for his Declaration, is by 
 that engaged to Juftify it in point of 
 Law ; it is a greater Stride, than I pre- 
 fume all thofe care to make who ar^, 
 perfwaded to Addrefs. If it fliall be fup- 
 pofed, that all the Thankers will be Re- 
 pealersof the TEST, whenever a Par- 
 Ttament ihall meet ,• Such an Expe^Siatioa 
 
 R J is 
 
l 40 
 
 A Litter 10 
 
 [hL, 
 
 is bccccr prevented before, than diiap- 
 poinied afterwards ; and the lureft w ay 
 to avoid the lying under iuch a vScandal, 
 is net to do any thing chat may give a 
 colour to the Mifiake : Thcfe belpoken 
 Thanks are Htrlc Icfs improper than Love- 
 Lctccrs that v/cre ibliciued by the Lady 
 to whom they arc to be Jiredied : ib^ 
 thatbefides the litdc ground there is to 
 give them, the manner o[ getting them 
 doth extrcn-icly icflcn their value. It 
 might be wiHied that you would have Jf 
 fuppredcd your impatience, and have been 
 content for the lake of ReIi{.^ion, ro en- 
 joy it within your felves without the Lit 
 berty of a Publick Exerciil% till a Parlia- 
 merit had allowed it ; but fince that could 
 net be, and that the Artifices of fome 
 smongft you have made ule of the well- 
 rneant 2:eal of the generality, to drawllu 
 them into this Mifiake; I am lb far fromli 
 blaming you with that fnarpnefs, which, I fc 
 perhaps, the Matter in Uridnefs would ip 
 bear, that I am ready to err on the fide of|it{ 
 
 i 
 
 fhc more gentle ccnflrucflion 
 
 There 
 
U:tiC! io a V'ffeutcr, 
 
 A u:rie> io a iJ: leurcr. 24 
 
 There is a great difTerence between 
 enjoying quietly the Advantages of an 
 Act irregularly done by others, and 
 the going about to fupport it againft 
 the Laws in being : The Law is fo 
 Sacred, that no Trefpafs agaitift it is 
 to be Defended ; yet Frailties may in 
 fome mcafure be excuied , when they 
 cannot be juftified. The Defire of 
 enjoying a Liberty , from which Men 
 have been fo long reftrained , may be a 
 Temptation that their Reafon is not at 
 ail times able to refift. If in fuch a 
 cafe, fome Objecrions are leapt over , 
 inditTerent Men will be more inclined to 
 lament the Occafion, than to fall too hard 
 upon the Fault , whilfl it is covered 
 with the Apology of a good inrencion. 
 But where ro refcue your fclvcs from 
 the Severity of one Law, you give a 
 Blow to all the Laws, by which your Re- 
 ligion and Liberty are ro be Protected; and 
 inflead of filently receiving the Bcnefir 
 of this Indulgence, you fet up for /ad- 
 vocates to fupport it, you become vo- 
 luntary Aggreflbrs , and look like Coun- 
 R 4 foi 
 
248 
 
 Letter to a Viflentcr 
 
 id retained by the Prerogative againft 
 }OJr old Fric-.d 3i^g>ia Charta y who 
 done nothing to defetve her falling 
 
 ha: 
 
 thus under your DilVlcafure. 
 
 If the Caic then fliould be, that the 
 Pnce c>:peded from you for this Li 
 berty, is giving up your Right in the 
 Laws, Cure you will think twice, be 
 fore you go any further in luch a lo 
 fing Bargain. After gning Ihanks for 
 the Breach of one Las\% you lofc the 
 Right of Ccmpiaining of the Breach 
 of all the reft ; you will not very 
 well know how to defend your fclvcs 
 when you arc prcfled ; and havin 
 given up the Qucftion when it was fo 
 your Advantage , you cannot recaj 
 it when it (hall be to your Prejudice. 
 If you will fet up at one time a Power 
 to help you, which at another time, by 
 parity of Rcafon, ihall be made ufe o! 
 to deftroy you, you will neither be pi- 
 tied, nor relieved againft a Mifchief yoL 
 draw upon your Iclves, by being fo un- 
 reaionably thankful. It is like calling it 
 A^ixiliari'vS to hcip, who arcftrong (oougl 
 
 cc 
 
d Letter to a Dijjenter, 249 
 
 to fubdue you ; In fuch a Cafe your Com- 
 plaints will come too late to be heard, and 
 your Sufferings will raife Mirth inftead of 
 Compaflion. 
 
 If you think, for your Excuft , to ex- 
 pound your Thanks, fo as to reftrain 
 them to this particular Cafe, others, for 
 their Ends, will extend them farther : 
 And in thefe differing Interpretations , 
 that which is back'd by Authority will be 
 the moft likely to prevail ; efpecially when 
 by the Advantage you have given them, 
 they have in truth the better of the 
 Argument, and that the Inferences from 
 your own Conceffions are very ftrong, 
 and exprefs againft you. This is lo 
 far from being a groundlefs Suppofition, 
 that there was a late Inftance of it, the 
 laft Seflion of Parliament, in the Houfc 
 of Lords, where the firft Thanks, tho* 
 things of courfe, were interpreted to 
 be the Approbation of the King's whole 
 Speech , and a Reftraint from the fur- 
 ther Examination of any part of it, 
 though never fo much difliked ; and it 
 was with Difficulty obtained, not to be 
 
 ex- 
 
z^o J Letter to a ^}i(jcntcr. 
 
 excluded from the liberty of objcding 
 to this mighty Prerogative of Difpcnfing, 
 meerly by this innocent and ulual piece 
 of good Manners, by which no lach 
 thing could poflibly be intended. 
 
 This fheweth, that fome Bounds arc 
 to be put to your good Breeding, and 
 that the Conftitution of England is too 
 valuable a thing ro be ventured upon 
 a Complement. Now that you have 
 for fome time enjoyed the benefit of 
 the End, it is time for you to look in- 
 to the Danger of the Means ; The fame 
 Reafon that made you defirous to get 
 Liberty, mud make you Ibllicicous to 
 preferve it ; fo that the next Thought 
 will naturally be, not to engage your 
 lelf beyond Retreat ; and to agree fo far 
 with the Principles of all Religion, as 
 not to rely upon a D:ath-bcd Repent- 
 ance. 
 
 There are certain Periods of Time , 
 which being once pad, make all Cauti- 
 ons incdcdlual, and all Remedies dcfpe- 
 
 rate. 
 
A Letter to a Vijfenter. 251 
 
 rate. Our Uaderftandings are apt to be 
 hurried on by the firft Heats, which, if 
 not reftrained in time, do not give us leave 
 to look back, till it is too lace. Confi- 
 der this in the Cafe of your Anger a- 
 gainfl the Church of England^ and take 
 Warning by their Miftake in the fame 
 kind, when after the late King's Rcfto- 
 ration, they preferved fo long the bitter 
 Tafte of your rough Ufage to them in 
 other times, that it made them forget 
 their Intereft, and Sacrifice it to their Re- 
 venge. 
 
 Either you will blame this Proceeding 
 in them, and for that Reafon not follow 
 it, or if you allow dc, you have no rea- 
 fon to be offended with them ; fo that 
 you muft either difmifs your Anger, 
 or lofe your Excufe; except you ihould 
 Argue more partially than will be fuppo- 
 fed of Men of your Morality and Un- 
 derftanding. 
 
 If you had now to do with thofe Rigid 
 Prelates, who made it a matter of Con- 
 fcience to give you the leaft Indulgence, 
 
 but 
 
z 5 I A Letter to a Vijf enter, 
 
 but kept you at an uncharitable Diftancc, 
 and even to your mod reafonable Scru- 
 ples continued ftiff and inexorable, the 
 Argument might be fairer on your fide ; 
 but fmce the Common Danger has lo 
 laid open that Miftake, that all the for- 
 mer Haughtinefs towards you is for ever 
 cxtinguifhcd , and that it hath turned 
 the Spirit of Pcrfecution into a Spirit 
 of Peace, Charity and Condefcenfion ; 
 fhall this Happy Change only affcd the 
 Church of England ? And are you fo in 
 love with Separation, as not to be raovM 
 by this Example ? It ought to be follow- 
 ed, were there no other Reaibn than that 
 it is Virtue ; but when befides that, 
 it is become neceflary to your Preferva- 
 tion, it is impolliblc to fail the having its 
 Efledl upon you. 
 
 If it fhould be faid, that the Church 
 of England is never humble but when flic 
 is out of Power, and therefore lofeth 
 the Right of being believed when flie 
 pretendcth to it: The Anlwer is, Firjiy 
 it would be an uncharitable Objedion,ancl 
 very much mir-cimcd ; an unfealbnablc Tri- 
 umph, 
 
A Letter to a Vifjenier. 25^ 
 
 umph, not only Ungenerous, but Un- 
 fafe : So that in thefe refpeds it cannot 
 be urged, without Scandal , even though 
 it could be faid with Truth. Secondly^ 
 This is not fo in Facfi, and the Argument 
 muft fall, being built upon a falfe Foun- 
 dation ; for whatever may be told you 
 at this very hour, and in the Heat and 
 Glare of your prefent Sunfhine , the 
 Church of England can in a Moment 
 bring Clouds again ; and turn the Roy- 
 al Thunder upon your Heads, blow you 
 off the Stage with a Breath, if fhe would 
 give but a Smile or a kind Word ^ the 
 lead Glimpfe of her Compliance would 
 throw you back into the State of Suffer- 
 ing, and draw upon you all the Arrears 
 of Severity , which have accrued du- 
 ring the time of this Kindnefs to you ; 
 and yet the Church of England, with 
 all her Faults , will not allow her felf 
 to be Refcued by fuchunjuftifiable means, 
 but chufeth to bear the weight of Power, 
 rather than He under the Burthen of being 
 Criminal. 
 
 k 
 
25 4 A L.t^ar to a Vtjjentcr 
 
 Ic cannoc befaid, that Ihe is unprovo- 
 ked j Books and Letters come out eve- 
 ry Day, to call for Anfvvcrs , yet She 
 will not be (tirred. From the I'uppoied 
 Authors, and the Stile, one would fwear, 
 they were Undertakers, and had made 
 a Contradt to fall out with the Church 
 of England. There arc Lailics in every 
 Addrels, Challenges to draw the Pen 
 in every I'amphlet : In (horc, the fair- 
 eft Occafions in the World given to Quar- 
 rel ; but llie wifely diftinguillicth be- 
 tween the Body of Diflenters, whom flic 
 will fuppofe to Adl as they do, with no 
 ill Intent, and thefe fmall Skirmifliers, 
 pickt and fcnt out to Picqueer, and to 
 begin a Fray amongft the Proteftants, for 
 the Entertainment as well as the Advan- 
 tage of the Church of Rome. 
 
 This Condudl: is fo good, that it will 
 be Scandalous not to applaud it. It is 
 not equal Dealing to blame our Advcr- 
 farics for doing ill, and not commend thcnt 
 when they do well. 
 
 To 
 
A Letter to a ViJJ enter. 2 s 5 
 
 To Hate them becaufe they Perfecuted, 
 and not to be Reconciled to them when 
 they are ready to Suffer, rather than re- 
 ceive all the Advantages that can be gain* 
 ed by a Criminal Compliance, is a Prin- 
 ciple no fort of Chriftians can own, fmce 
 it would give an Objedion to them never 
 to be anisvered. 
 
 Think a little who they were that pro- 
 moted your former Perfecutions, and then 
 confider how it will look to be angry with 
 the Inftruments, and at the fame time to 
 make a League with the iiuthors of your 
 Sufferings. 
 
 Have you enough confidered what 
 will be cxpeded from you ? Are you rea- 
 dy cofland in every Borough by Vertue 
 of a CoMge J' EJJhe, and inftead of Eledi- 
 on, be facisfied if you are Returned > 
 
 Will you in Parliament juftify the 
 Difpenfing Power, with all its Confe- 
 
 quences, 
 
256 A Letter to a Vijfenter. 
 
 quenccs, and Repeal the Tejiy by which 
 you will make way for the Repeal of all 
 the Laws, that were made to preferve 
 your Religion, and to Enadl others that 
 fliall deftroy it > 
 
 Are you difpofed to change the Liberty 
 of Debate into the Merit of Obe- 
 dicnce; and to be made Inftruments to 
 Repeal or Enad: Laws, when the Roman 
 Confijlory are Lords of the Articles ? 
 
 Are you fo linked with your new Friends, 
 as to rejecSt any Indulgence a Parliament 
 fhall offer you, if it fhall not be fo com- 
 prchenfive as to include the Papifts in it ? 
 
 Confidcr, that the imply'd Conditions 
 of your new Treaty are no lefs, than that 
 you are to do every thing you are dcfired, 
 without examining, and that for this pre- 
 tended Liberty of Confcience, your real 
 Freedom is to be Sacrificed : Your former 
 Faults hang like Chains (lill about you,you 
 are let loofe only upon Bavl ; the firft 
 
 A(2! 
 
 Ic 
 
A Letter to a Viffenter. 1 5 7 
 
 Ad of Non-compliance, fendech you to 
 Gaol again. 
 
 You may fee that the Papids themfelves 
 do not rely upon the Legality of this Pow- 
 er, which you arc to juftify, fmce the 
 being fo very earnefk to get it Eftablifhed 
 by a Law, and the doing fuch very hard 
 things in order, as they think, to obtain 
 it, is a clear Evidence, that they do not 
 think that the finglc Power of the Crown 
 is in this Cafe a good Foundation : cfpe- 
 cially when this is done under a Prince, 
 fo very Tender of all the Rights of So- 
 vereignty, that he would think it a Dimi- 
 nution to his Prerogative, where he con- 
 ceiveth it ftrong enough to go alone, to 
 call in the Legiflative help to ftrengthen 
 and fupport it. 
 
 You have formerly blamed the Ctmrch 
 of Enqjand, and not without Reafon, for 
 going fo far as they did in their Compli- 
 ance ; and yet as foon as they flopped, 
 you fee they are not only Delcrted, but 
 Profecuted : C'.mclude then from this Ex- 
 ample, that you mud either break ofl 
 
 S your 
 
2^.8 J Letirr ta a lijjnitcr, 
 
 youi Fncndiliip, or relolvc to have no 
 Bounds in ir. if they do not iucceed 
 in their Deugn, chcy will leave you firll;|j 
 if they do, you mud eicher leave them, 
 when it wiil be coo lace for your Safety, 
 or elfc after the fqueazinefs of (tarcing at 
 a Surplice, you muftbq forced to iwallow 
 TraiUubftantiacion. b 
 
 k 
 
 i( 
 
 Remember that the other day thofe of 
 the Church of England were Trimmers foe 
 enduring you, and now by a ludden Turn, 
 you are become the Favourites ; do not 
 deceive your felves, it i^ not the Nature 
 of lading Plants thus to flioot up in a 
 Night ; you may look gay and green for 
 a little time, but you want a Root to 
 give you a Continuance. It is not lo long 
 fince, as to be forgotten, that the Maxim 
 was, // is Impoffihle for a Diffenter not t 
 lea REBEL. Confidcr at this tim 
 in France^ even the New Converts are fo 
 far from being imploycd, that they are 
 difarmed ; their Hidden Change makctli 
 them dill to be ;:iPiruded , nocwithfland 
 ing that they arc Reconciled: What arc 
 you to cxpcd then from your dear I licnds. 
 CO when), whenever they iliall think fii 
 
 cd 
 
 ■10,1 
 
A Letter to a Difjent'r, 255^ 
 
 to throw you off ag^in , you have va 
 other times given fuch Arguments f^r their 
 
 r^ - 
 
 excuie c 
 
 Befides all this, you ktk very unskil- 
 fully againft your vifiblc Intereft, if ycu 
 throw away the Advantages, of which 
 you can hardly fail in the next probable 
 Revolution. Things tend Naturally to 
 what you would have, if you would let 
 them alone, and not by an unfcafon.-ble 
 Activity lofe the Influences of vour good 
 Star, which promifeth you every thing 
 that is Profperous. 
 
 T):\Q' Church of Ef^gland convinced of its 
 
 Error in being fevere to you; the Far- 
 
 liament, whenever ir Mee':ech, fure to 
 
 be Gentle to you; the Next Heir, Bred 
 
 in the Country which you have lo ofren 
 
 J Quoted for a Pattern of Indulgence; a 
 
 e General Agreement of all thinking Men, 
 
 Qthat we niuu no more cut our felvcs ofF 
 
 tlfrom the Proteli^n.s abroad , but rather 
 
 enlarge the Fcundstions upon v^hich we 
 
 •^^e to Build our Defences asainft the 
 
 mmon Enemy ; ib that in Truth, all 
 
 :o| S z things 
 
z6q a Later to a Vtfjciircr. 
 
 things feem to Confpire to give you Eale 
 and Sarisfadion, if by too much hafte to 
 anticipate your good Fortune, you do not 
 deftroy it. 
 
 The Prouftants have but one Article 
 of Humane Strength, to oppofe the Pow- 
 er which is now againft them, and that 
 is, not to loie the Advantage of their 
 Numbers, by being fo unwary as to Icr 
 Themfelves be Divided. 
 
 We all agree in our Duty to our Prince ; 
 our Objedlions to his Belief do not hin- 
 der us from feeing his Virtues ; and our 
 not complying with his Rehgion , hath 
 no Effe^ upon our Allegiance ; we are 
 not to be laughed out of our Palllve Obe- 
 dience, and the Dodrine of Non-refift- 
 ance ; though even thole who perhaps 
 owe the beft part of their Security to that 
 Principle, are apt to make a left of it. 
 
 So 
 
A Letter to^a Vifjenter, 16 \ 
 
 So that if we give no Advantage by 
 the Fatal Miftake of milapplying our An- 
 ger, by the natural courfe of things, this 
 Danger will pafs away like a Shower of 
 Hail ; fair Weather will fucceed, as Low- 
 ring as the Sky now Lookech, and all this 
 by a plain and eafie Receipt; Let us le 
 jiiUy quiet ^ and undivided^ firm at the fame 
 time to our Religion^ our hoyalty^ and our 
 Laws ; and fo long as we continue this Me' 
 thod^ it is next to impojfible^ that the Odds 
 of Two Hundred to One fhould lofe the Bett ; 
 except the Church of Rome, which hath 
 heen fo long Barren of Miracles^ fl)ould now 
 in her declining Age^ he Brought to Bed of 
 One that would out- do the heji fi>e can brag of 
 in her Legend. 
 
 p To conclude, the iTiorc Quefllon will 
 ^be, Whether you will joyn with thofe 
 who muft in the end run the fame Fare 
 With you ? If Proteftants of all iorts, in 
 their I3ehaviour to one another, have been 
 to Blame, they are upon more equal 
 Terms, and for that very Reafon, it 19 
 icr for thcni now to be Reconciled. Ou^ 
 
 Si Dil^ 
 
 I 
 
6iz A Letter to a lijjentcr. 
 
 Dif-iinicn is not only a Reproach, but a 
 Dp.nger ro Us ; thole who believe in Mo- 
 dem Mirac'es, have more Right, or at 
 leal\. more Exculc, ro negted al! Secular 
 Cannons; ; buciorus, it is as jultifirbie 
 to have no Rehgion, as wilfu 'y to chrow 
 away the Human Means of preicrving 
 it. 
 
 Oc-ui Sir J 
 
 Tour Mojl Jffeiliomte llumhle Servant ^ 
 
 T. W. 
 
SOME 
 
 CAUTIONS 
 
 OiFered to the 
 
 CONSIDERA TIOK 
 
 Of Thofe who are to 
 
 Chufe MEMBERS 
 
 TO S E R V E in the 
 
 Cnftting ^arltawent. 
 
 L K D N: 
 Printed in the Year 1704 
 
 I 
 
2£_5 
 
 So7ne Cautions cjfered to the Con fide- 
 ration of thoje who are to Chu/e 
 Members to SerVe for the Enjuing 
 Parliament. 
 
 I Will make no other Introdudionjthan 
 that it is hoped the Counties and Bo- 
 roughs will remember in general, That 
 befides other Confequences,they will have 
 the Credit of a good Choice, or the Scan- 
 dal that belongs to an ill one. 
 
 The Creators will be thought like their 
 Creatures; and therefore an ill Choice 
 will either be a Difparagement of their 
 Underftanding, or their Morals. 
 
 There cannot be a fuller Approbation of 
 a thing.than the Chufing of it ; fo that the 
 fault of the Members chofen, if known be- 
 fore-hand, will be judged to be of the 
 growth of that County or Borough, after 
 fuch a folemn Approbation of them. 
 
 In (hort, thofe that fend up their Repre* 
 fentatives to Wejtminjler^ fnould take care 
 they may be fuch as will do them Right, 
 and their Country Honour. 
 Now to the particulars, 
 
 L A 
 
2 66 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 I. A very extraordinary earneftnels to 
 be choibn,is no very good Symptom : A dc- 
 fire to lerv e the Nation in Parliament, is 
 ^n Er^g/j/h M^ns Ambition: Always to be 
 Encouraged, and never to be dilapproved. 
 
 A Man may not only be willing to (land, 
 but he may declare that willingnefs to his 
 Friends^that they may aliift him, and by all 
 the Means becoming a Modeft and Pru- 
 <ient Man, he may endeavour to fuccced, 
 and prevent the being dilappointcd in it. 
 
 But there is a wide difference between 
 this and the raifing a kind of petty War in 
 the County or Corporation ; Entring the 
 Lifts rather for a Combat than an Eledlion ; 
 throwing Fire-balls to put Men into heats, 
 and omicting to fpread no Reports, whe- 
 ther true or falfe, which may give an ad- 
 vantage by laying a Blemifh upon a Com- 
 petitor. 
 
 Thele Methods will ever be Su^:>icious; 
 it will never be thought a Natural thing 
 for Men to take fuch extravagant pains for 
 the meer fake of doing good toothers. 
 
 To be content to fuflcr fomcthing for a 
 good end, is that which many would do 
 without any great repugnance : but where 
 a Man can honeftly propofc nothing to 
 himidf, except Troubles, Charge, and Lois, 
 by Abfcncc from his own Affairs, to be lb 
 
 violent 
 
Members tn Parliamenr. 267 
 
 violent in the purfuit of fo ill a Bargain, is 
 not at all fuited to the languifhing Virtue 
 of Mankind lb corrupted. 
 
 Such a felf-dcnying Zeal in fuch a felf- 
 feeking Age, is fo little to be imagined, 
 that it may without injury be fufpeded. 
 
 Therefore when thele Bluftring Preten- 
 ders come upon the Stage, their natural 
 Temper and other Circumftances ought to 
 be very well confider'J. before Men truft 
 them with the difpofal of iheit Money, or 
 their Liberty. 
 
 And I am apt to believe, there could 
 hardly be found one fingle Man whofe other 
 Qualifications would over-balance the Ob- 
 jections that lie againft fuch importunate 
 Suitors. 
 
 II. Recommending Letters ought to have 
 no Effed: upon Eledions. 
 
 In this I muft diftinguifli ; for tho in 
 llridinefs perhaps there fliould be no excep- 
 tion ; yet in compliance with long pradice, 
 and out of an Indulgence that is neceflary 
 in a time when Mankind is too much loofe- 
 ned from fevere Rules, to be kept clofe up 
 to them, Letters fcnt only from equal Men, 
 doing Good Men right by giving Evidence 
 in their behalf, offering them as fitly qua- 
 lified, when they really are fo, and freeing 
 them from unjuft Afperfions^ may be ftill al- 
 lowed. The 
 
68 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 The Leccers I mean, are from Men of 
 Power, where ic may be beneficial cocom-^ 
 ply, and inconvenient to oppofe. 
 
 Choice mud not only be free from Force, 
 but from InBuencc, which is a degree of 
 Force ; There muft be no difficulty, no 
 apprehenfion that aRefufal will be ill taken, 
 or relented. 
 
 The Freeholders muft be Freemen too ; 
 they are to have no ShacKles upon their 
 Votes in an EiccSion : And the Men who 
 ftand, (hould carry their own Letters of 
 Recommendation about them, which are 
 their good CharcScr and Behaviour in the 
 World, without borrowing Evidence,erpc- 
 cislly ^ hen it comes from luipedied hands. 
 
 Thole who make ufe of thcfc Epiftles, 
 ought to have no more advantage from 
 them, than the Mufcovites have from the 
 L::tter put uuo their hands when they arc 
 buried, to recommend them to vSr. Nicolas. 
 
 Thcfitlt fliould as little get admittance 
 forM^niaro the Parliament, as thcfe Let- 
 ters can mcro Juce the Bearers into Heaven. 
 
 The Scandal of fuch Letters lieth firfl: 
 in the arrogant impofmg of thole that write 
 thcmjanu next in the wretchedMeanneis of 
 thole tliat need them. 
 
 Men mufl be fallen very low in their 
 Credit, who upon luch an occafion have a 
 
 re- 
 
Members of Parliamenr. 269 
 
 a recourle to Power to fupport it: Their 
 Enemies could not give ftronger Evidence 
 of theit not being fit for that v/hich they 
 pretend to. And if the Eleftors judge other* 
 wife, they will be pretty fure in a little 
 time to fee their Miftake, and to repent it* 
 
 III. Non-Attendance in former Parlia* 
 ments ought to be a Bar againft the Choice 
 of Men who have been guilty of it. 
 
 It is one of the worft kinds of Non-Re* 
 fidence, and the lead to be excufed : It is 
 very hard that Men fliould dcfpife a Duty, 
 which perhaps is the only ground of the 
 refped: that is paid to them. 
 
 It is fuch a piece of Sawcinefs for any 
 one to prefs for the Honour of Serving in 
 Parliament, and then to be carelefs in At* 
 tcndmg it, that in a Houfe where there were 
 fo many Officers, the Penalty had net been 
 improper to have Calhier d them for not 
 appearing at the General Mufter. 
 
 If Men forbear to come out of Lgzinet^^ 
 let them be gratified by taking their Eafe 
 at Home without Interruption ; If out of 
 fmall Cunning to avoid Difficulties, and to 
 efcape from the inconvenience of Voting in 
 Critical Cafes, let them enjoy that defpi-^ 
 cable pitch ofWifdom, and never preteiid 
 to make a Figure where the Publick is to ht 
 fervcd. 
 
 If 
 
2/0 Cdiitioiis joy (h'jicc of 
 
 If ir would not be thoughc adviiablc to 
 uufc a Man immediacely after he hath 
 been drawn out of Gaol, it may be as rca- 
 fonable to look upon one who for his Non- 
 attendance in the Houle hath been lent for 
 in Cuftody, as a kind oi Bankrupt, which 
 putcetii him upoii unequal terms with thole 
 who have been aiiiduous in the dilcharge 
 of their Ducy. 
 
 They who thought fit in one Seflion to 
 ncgled: the Fubiick iiufinefs^may be juftly 
 iufpcdcd, by their Itanding, in the nexc 
 to intend their own. 
 
 Befides theie more deliberate OtTenders, 
 there are Ibme who co not Attend even 
 when they are in the Houle ; abfent in their 
 Thoughts for want of Comprehending the 
 Bufmels that is doing, and therefore divert- 
 ed from it by any thing that is Trivial. 
 
 Such Men are Nulances to a ierious 
 AlTcmbly ; and when they are Numerous, 
 k amounteth almoft: to a DilTolution ; it be- 
 ing icarce pofiibic for good Senfe to be 
 heard, whilfl a noiic is made by the buz- 
 zing of rhcle Horic-flies. 
 
 The Roman Ccniots who degraded a Se- 
 nator for yawning vvhillT: there was aDcbatc, 
 would have much more abundant matter 
 here upon which they might cxcrcilb their 
 Juritdidion. To 
 
Members in Parliamcnc. 27 i 
 
 To conclude this Head, There are lb 
 few that ever mended in theicCaies,that af- 
 ter the firft Experiment it is noc at all rea- 
 fonable to take them upon a new Tryal. 
 
 IV. Men who are unquiet and bufie in 
 their Natures, are to give more than ordi- 
 nary proofs of their integrity, before the E- 
 leding them into a Pubiick Trult can be ju- 
 ftified. As a hot Summer breedech greater 
 Swarms of Flies, fo an adive timebreedeth 
 a greater number of thefe fliiningGentlemen, 
 
 It is pretty fure, That Men who cannot 
 allow themielves to be at reft, will let no 
 body elfe be at quiet. Such a perpetual 
 Adivity is apt by degrees to be applied to 
 the purfuit of their private Intereft. And 
 their thoughts being in a continual motion, 
 they have not time to dwell long enough 
 upon any thing to entertain a fcruple. 
 
 So that they are generally at full liberty 
 to do what is moft convenient for them, 
 without being fettered by any Reftrainrs. 
 
 Nay further ; whenever it haptieth that 
 there is an impunity foiCheatingjihefenim- 
 bleGentlemen are apt to think it a difparage- 
 mentto their Underftandingsnot to go in- 
 to it. 
 
 I doubt it is not a wrong to the prefenc 
 Age, to fay, that a Knave is a lefs unpopu- 
 lar Calling than it hath been in former 
 
 Tinics 
 
271 Cautioyis for Choice of 
 
 times. And to fay Truth, it would be In- 
 gratitude in fome Men to turn Honed, 
 when they owe all they have to their Kna- 
 very. 
 
 The People are in this Refpe(^ unhappy; 
 they are too many to do their own Bufinefs; 
 their numbers, which make their ftrength, 
 are at the fame time the caufe of their weak- 
 nefs ; they are too unweildy to move ; and 
 for this Reafon nothing can ever redeem 
 them from this incurable Impotency .- So 
 that they mull: have Solicitors to purfuc 
 and look after their Intercfts ; who are too 
 often difpofed to difpenfc with the Fidelity 
 they owe to thofe that truft them ; cfpeci- 
 ally if the Government will pay their Bills 
 without Abatement. 
 
 It is better thefe Gentlemen's Dexterity 
 fhould be employed any where than in Par- 
 liament, where the ill confequencc of their 
 being Members is too much diffufed, and 
 not reftrained to the County or Borough 
 who fhall be fo unwary as to Chufc them. 
 . V. Great Drifters are lets fit to ferve in 
 Parliament than is apprehended. 
 
 Men's Virtue, as well as their Under- 
 ftandhig, is apt to be tainted by it. 
 
 The appearance of it is Sociable and 
 wcll-naturd, but it is by no means to be 
 rely'd upon. 
 
 Nothing 
 
Members of Parliament. 27^ 
 
 Nothing is more frail than a Man coo far 
 engaged in wet Popularity. 
 
 The habit of it raaketh Men carelefs of 
 their Bufinefs, and that naturally leadeth 
 them into Circumftances, that make them 
 liable to Temptation. 
 
 It is feldom feen, That any Principles 
 have fuch a root, as that they can be proof 
 againft the continual droppings of a Bottle. 
 
 As to the Faculties of the Mind, there 
 is not lefs Objedion ; the Vapours of Wine 
 may fometimes throw out Sparks of Wic, 
 but they are like fcattered pieces of Ore, 
 there is no Vein to work upon. 
 
 Such Wit, even the beft of it, is like 
 paying great Fines ; in which Cafe there 
 muft of neceffity be an abatement of the 
 conftant Rent. 
 
 Nothing fure is a greater Enemy to the 
 Brain, than too much moifture ; it can the 
 leaft of any thing bear the being continual- 
 ly ftceped : And it may be faid.thac Thought: 
 may be refembled to fome Creatures which 
 can live only in a dry Country. 
 
 Yet fo Arrogant are fome Men, ?.s ro 
 think they are fo much Mailers of Eunnefs, 
 as that they can play with it ; they imr?ginc 
 they can drown theirReafon once a day, and 
 that it fliall not be the worfe for ic ; forget* 
 ting, that by too often dividing the Under- 
 
 T (landing 
 
2 74 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 (landing at lafl: growethtoo weak to rife up 
 again. 
 
 1 will fuppofe thisFaulc was left frequent 
 when Solon made it one of his Laws, That 
 it was Lawful to Kill a Magiftrate if he 
 was found Drunk. Such a Liberty taken 
 in this Age, either in the Parliament or 
 out of it, would do terrible Execution. 
 
 I cannot but mention a Petition in the 
 Year 1647, from the County of DevoHy 
 to the Houfc of Commons, againft the un- 
 due Eledion of Burgcfics, who are ftrong 
 in Wme, and weak in Wifdom. 
 
 The caufe of fuch Petitions is to be pre- 
 vented by Chufing fuch as ihall not give 
 handle for them. 
 
 VL Wanting-Men give fuch caufe of 
 Sufpicion wherever they deal, that furely 
 the Chufers will be upon their Guard, as 
 often as luch dangerous pretenders make 
 their application to them. 
 
 Let the Behaviour of fuch Men be ne- 
 ver fo plaufible and untainted, yet they 
 who arc to pitch upon thofc they arc 10 
 truft with all they have, may be excufcd, if 
 they do not only confider what they are, 
 but what they may be. 
 
 As wc Pray our felves we may not be 
 led into Temptation, we ought not by 
 any means to thruft others into it ; even 
 
 though 
 
Me?nbers in Parjiameiir. 275 
 
 though our own Intcreft was noc concern- 
 ed : And fure when it is, the Argument 
 hath no lefs force. 
 
 If a Man hath a fnlall Eftate, and a nu- 
 merous Family ; where it happeneth that a 
 Man hath as many Children as he haih Te- 
 nants, it is not a Recommending Circum- 
 ftance for his Eledion. 
 
 When it cometh to be the queftion with 
 fuch a Man, whether he fliall be Juft to 
 the Publick, or Cruel to his Family ^ It is 
 very poflible the decifion may be on the 
 fide of Corrupted Nature. 
 
 It is a Complement to this Age, which 
 it doth notdeferve, tofuppofe Men arcfo 
 ty'd up to Morality, as that they cannot 
 be pinched out oF it .• efpecially now when 
 it is called Starving not to be Embroidered, 
 or Served in Plate. 
 
 The Men Chofen to Serve their Courv 
 try, (hould not be loaden with Suits that 
 may tempt them to sfTumc Privileges ; 
 much kls under fuch Necefilties as nvny 
 more immediately prepare them for Cor- 
 ruption. 
 
 Men who need a Parliament for thcfr 
 own particular Inrereft, have more reafon 
 to offer their Service than others have to 
 accept of it. And though I do not doubt, 
 but there may be fome whofe Viriue would 
 T 2 triumph 
 
27^ Cautions for Choice of 
 
 triumph over their Wants, let them be ne- 
 ver fo preiTmg; yet to expofe the PubUck 
 to the hazard of being deceived, is that 
 which can never be juftifyM by thofe that 
 Chule. And tho' it muft be allow'd pofli- 
 ble for a Wanting-mantobe Honeft, yet it 
 is impoflfible for a Man to be Wife that will 
 depend upon it. 
 
 VII. There is a fort of Men that have 
 a Tinfel-Wit, which makes them (hine a- 
 mong thofe who cannot judge. 
 
 Club and CofFec-houfe Gentlemen, Pet- 
 ty Merchants of fmall Conceits, who have 
 an empty habit of pracing without mean- 
 ing ; They always aim at Wit, and gene- 
 rally make falfe Fire. 
 
 Their Bufmcfs is lefs to learn, than to 
 fet thcmfelves out; which makes them 
 chufc to be with fuch as can only be Wit- 
 nefTcs of their fmall Ingenuity, rather than 
 with fuch as might improve it. 
 
 There is a fubordinate Wit, as much 
 inferior to a Wit of Bufinefs, as a Fidler 
 at a Wake is to the lofty found of an Or- 
 gan. 
 
 Men of this Size are in no degree fuited 
 to the bufincfs of icdrcfling Grievances, 
 and makin;:^ Laws. 
 
 There is a Parliament Wit to be diftin- 
 guifli'd from all other kinds ; thofe who 
 
 have 
 
Members of Parliament. itz 
 
 hi^ve it, do not (lufF their heads only with 
 Cavils and Objedions. 
 
 They have a deliberate and an obferving 
 Wit ; a Head turned to Publick things ; 
 Men who place a greater Pleafure in mend- 
 ing a Fault than in finding it out. 
 
 Their Underftanding diredeth them to 
 Objedl in the right place, and not like thole 
 who go by no other Rule, than to con- 
 clude, That raufl be the beft Counfcl which 
 was not taken.' 
 
 Thefe Wholefale Judges fliew fuch a 
 grofs and peevifli Ignorance, that appear- 
 eth fo openly in all they fay or do, that 
 they give loud warning to all confidering 
 Men, not to chufe them. 
 
 VIII. The diflike of flight Airy Men 
 muft not go fo far, as to recommend heavi- 
 nefs in oppofition to it, efpecially where 
 Men are convi(9:ed of it by Experience in 
 former Seifions. 
 
 As a lively Coxcomb will feldom fail 
 to lay in his Claim for Wit; fo a Block- 
 head is apt to pretend, that his heavinefs 
 i§ a proof of his Judgment. 
 
 Some have an univerfal Lethargy fpread 
 upon their Underftanding without Excepti- 
 on ; others have an Infulficiency quoaJ 
 hcc, as in fome Cafes Men have ^-iOcjJ 
 ka^c ; Thelc laft can never fo cur:i their 
 T 2 thous^Urs 
 
27 8 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 ihoughcs to Publick Bufincfs, as to give the 
 attention that is neceilary to comprehend 
 ir. 
 
 There are thofc who have fuch a thick 
 Shell upon their Brains, that their Igno- 
 rance is Impenetrable, and maketh fuch a 
 flout refiftance againft Common Senfe, 
 that it will never be Subdued by ir : True 
 Heart of Oak Ignorance, that will never 
 yield, let Reafon beat never fo hard upon 
 it ; and tho their kind Neighbours have 
 at feveral Ele(3ions fent them up to School 
 again, they have (lill returned the lame in- 
 curable Dunces. 
 
 There is a falfe Gravity that is a very 
 ill fyniprom ; and it may be faid, That as 
 Rivers, which run very llowly, have al- 
 ways the molt Mud at the bottom ; fo a 
 Iblid Stiffncfs in the conftant courfc of a 
 Man's Life, is a fign of a thick Bed of 
 Mud at the bottom of his Brain. 
 
 A Dal! Man islbncar aDead Man, that 
 he is hardly to be ranked in the Lift of the 
 Living; and ashc is not to be Buri'd whilft 
 he is half alive, fo he is as little to be cm- 
 ployed whiil: he is half dead. 
 
 Parlirmenrs are nov>' grown to be quire 
 other things than they were formerly. 
 
 In ancient Times they v/erc lirtle more 
 than Grci: Aflizcs , A Roil of Grievances; 
 
Members o/ Parliamenc. 279 
 
 Magna Charta confirmed; Privileges of 
 Holy Church Preferved ; fo man)' Sacks 
 of Wooll given, and away. 
 
 Now there are Traps and Gins laid for 
 the Well-meaning Country- Gentleman ;be 
 is to Grapple with the Cunning of Men in 
 Town, which is not a little improv d by 
 being Rewarded and Encourag'd. 
 
 So that Men whofc Good Intentions are 
 notfeconded and fupportedby fome degree 
 of Ability, are as much the more dange- 
 rous, as they are lefs criminal than Cun- 
 ning Knaves. Their honed Miftakes, for 
 want of diftinguifliing, either give a Coun- 
 tenance to, or at lead leflen the Scandal of 
 the Injurious things that are done to the 
 Publick : and with leave ask'd for fo odd 
 anExpreffion, Their Innnocent Guilt is as 
 Mifchievous to the Laws and Liberties, as 
 the mod deliberate Malice of thofe chat 
 would dedroy them. 
 
 IX. There is an Abufe which daily in- 
 creafeth, of fending fuch to Parliament. as 
 are fcarce old enough to be fent to the 
 Univerfity. 
 
 I would not in this redrain the Definiti- 
 on of thefe Boys to the Age of Twenty 
 One; If my Opinion might take place, 
 I fliould wi(h that none might be choicn 
 into the Houfe of Commons under Thirty ; 
 
 T 4 and 
 
280 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 and to make forae Equality, I ftipuldfrpm 
 the fame Motives thiok it convcaieiK, 
 That no Lord fliould have a Vote in Ju- 
 dicature under that Age. 
 
 But to leave this Digreflion ; I c^mnpt fee 
 why the Chufers fliowld iw>t ^t le^ n^ke 
 it a Rule among themfelves, Not to fei|d 
 any Man to reprefent them under the Age 
 of Twenty five, which is the tiir^ of Ma- 
 jority in mod other places of the World. 
 
 Surely it is not that we are Earlier Plants 
 than our Neighbours. 
 
 Such fuppofition could neither be juftiii'd 
 by our Climate, nor by the Degree of Lati- 
 tude in which we are placed ; 1 fnuft there- 
 fore attribute it to the hafte our Ancellors 
 had (and not without reafon) to free them- 
 felves from the Severity of Wardfliip^. 
 
 But whether this, or any thing elfe, 
 w^as the caufe of our earlier flopping into 
 Man's Eftate; io it is now, that according 
 to our Laws, Twenty one is the Age of 
 Difcrerion ; and the Young Man is then 
 vcfled with a Legal, how defcdiive focvcr 
 he may be in his Natural Undcrftandin^. 
 
 With all this there ought to be a dificr- 
 cncc made between coming ou: of Pupil- 
 ag:, and leaping into Legiflatorfhip. 
 
 It 
 
Members of Parliament. 2 8 1 
 
 Ic is perhaps inconvenient enough that 
 aMan Ihould be fo foon let loofe to deftroy 
 his own Eftate ; but it is yet worfe, that 
 he (hould then have a Power of giving a- 
 way other Men s. 
 
 TheLawmuft make General Rules, to 
 which there always will be feme Obje- 
 ifiions. 
 
 If there were Tryers appointed to Judge 
 when Leading-ftrings may be left ofl, ma- 
 ny would wear them a very great while, 
 and fome perhaps with their Gray Hairs ; 
 there being no fmall Number of Old Boys 
 in all times, and efpecially in thi3. 
 
 It is neceflary therefore to make Excep- 
 tions to this General Rule, where the Cafe 
 fo much requireth it, as it doth in the mat- 
 ter in queftion. 
 
 The ground of fending thefe Minors to 
 Parliament ought not to recommend the 
 Continuance of it tothofc who are Lovers 
 of Liberty ,• fince it was by the Authority 
 and Influence of Great Men, that their 
 Stripling Sons were firft receiv'd by the 
 humble depending Boroughs, or the com- 
 plying Counties. 
 
 They called it, as many do ftill, the 
 beft School for Young Men. Now Expe- 
 rience hath ftiew'd us, that it is like a 
 School only in this refpcd, That thefe 
 
 Young- 
 
282 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 Youngfters when they areAdraitced,deferve 
 to be Whipped in it. 
 
 If the Houfc of Commons is a School, 
 it mud be for Men of Riper Age ; thefe are 
 too young to learn there, and being Eleva- 
 ted by a miftaken fmattering in fmall Poli- 
 ticks, they grow too fupercilious to learn 
 any where elie; fo that inftead of impro- 
 ving young promifing Plants, they are 
 deftroy'd by being mifplac'd. 
 
 If then they do themfelves hurt by it, it 
 is furer yet that they do the Houfe no good 
 by coming into it. 
 
 They were not Green Geefe that are laid 
 to have fav'd the Capitol ; they were cer- 
 tainly of fullAge,or elle thcirCackling could 
 not have been heard, lo as to give warning. 
 
 Indeed it look'd of late, when the Fafhi- 
 on was to have long continuM Parliaments, 
 as if wc might Plant a Boy in the Houfc 
 vvich a PfolpeT: that he might continue 
 there till he had Gray Hairs : and that the 
 fame Sapling might have fuch a Root, as 
 that he mic^ht grow up to be Timber with- 
 out being Rcmov'd. 
 
 If thei'c Young Men had skill enough to 
 pitch upon fomc Body in the Houfc, to 
 whom they might rcfign their Opinion, and 
 upon vvhofc Judgment they might lean with- 
 out Rcfcrve there might be Icfs Objeftiorj. 
 
 But 
 
Members of Parliamenr. 28^ 
 
 But to fpeak Truth, They know ashttle 
 how CO chufe, as thof: did who Eledled 
 them ; fo that there is no other Expedient 
 left, than the letting them alone. 
 
 One may fay, generally Ipeaking, That 
 a young Man being too loon qualifyM for 
 the ferious Bufmefs of Parliaments, would 
 really be no good fympcom. 
 
 It is a fign of too much Phlegm, and too 
 little Fire in the beginning of Age, if Men 
 have not a little more heat than is conve- 
 nient ; for as they grow older they will 
 run a hazard of not having fo much as is 
 neceflary. 
 
 The Truth is, The Vigour of Youth is 
 foften'd and mifapply'd,when it is not fpent 
 either in War or clofe Studies ; all other 
 Courfes have an idle mixture that cometh 
 to nothing, and maketh them like Trees, 
 which for want of Pruning run up to Wood, 
 and feldom or never bear any Fruit. 
 
 To conclude thisHcadjit muft be own'd, 
 That there is no Age of our Life which 
 doth not carry Arguments along with ic 
 to humble us ; and therefore ic would be 
 well for the Bufinefs of the World, if young 
 Men would (lay longer before they went 
 into it, and old Men not fo long before 
 they went out of it. 
 
 X> Next 
 
284 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 X. Nexc to thelc may be rank'd a fort 
 of Superfine Gentlemen, Carpet- Knights, 
 Men whole Heads may be faid to be pnly 
 Appurtenances to their Perukes, which 
 entirely ingrofs all thgir C^rc aad Appli- 
 cation. 
 
 Their Underftanding is fo ftri(31y appro- 
 priated to their Drefs, that no part of it is 
 upon pain of their utmoft Difpleafure to be 
 diverted to any other ufe. 
 
 It is not by this intended to recomOJend 
 ^n affected Clown, or to make it a necef- 
 faiy v^ualification for ^ Member of Parlia- 
 me'nr, chac he muft renounce clean Linnen 
 or good Manners ; but furely a too earned 
 Appncariofi to make every rhing fit right 
 about them, llriketh too deep into their 
 fmall (lock of Thoughts to allow it Furni- 
 ture for any thing elfe. 
 
 To do Righc to thcfe fine-fpun Gentle- 
 men, Bufinefs is too courle a thing for them, 
 which makcth it an unreafonableHardlhip 
 upon them to opprefs them with it ; lb that 
 in tcndcrncfs to them, no lefs than out of 
 care to the Publick, it is bed to leave them 
 to their Taylors with whom they will live 
 in much better Correl'pondcnce, when the 
 Danger is prevented of their falling out 
 about Frivilegcs. 
 
 XI. Men 
 
Members of Parliamenr. 285 
 
 XL Men bf Injuftice and Violence, in 
 their Private Dealings, are not to be trufted 
 by the People with a Commiffion to Treat 
 fer them in Parliamenr. 
 
 In the 4/^. of Edw. 3. The King Com- 
 m^ndeth in his Writs, not to chufe any 
 Knights who had been Guilty of 6rimc,or 
 Maintenance. 
 
 Thefe warm Men feldcfti fail to rufi into 
 Maintenance, taken in a larger Extent. 
 
 It is an unnatural Sound to come from a 
 Man that isArbitrary in hisNeighbourhood, 
 to talk of Laws and Liberties at Weftminfter; 
 he is not a proper Vehicle for fuch words, 
 which ought never to be Prophaned. 
 
 An habitual Breaker of the Laws, to be 
 made one of the Law-makers, is as if the 
 Benches in Wejiminjier-ball ^\ou[^ be filled 
 with Men out of Mewgate, 
 
 Thofe who are of this Temper cannot 
 change their Nature out of refped: to their 
 Country. 
 
 Quite contrary, they will lefs fcruple to 
 do Wrong to a Nation where no Body ta- 
 keth it to himfelf,than to particular Men. to 
 whofe Refentments they are more immedi- 
 ately expofed. 
 
 In ftiort, they lie under fuch ftrong 
 Objedlions, that the over-balance of better 
 Men cannot altogether purify an Afiem- 
 
 bly 
 
2 86 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 bly where thefe unclean Beads are admit- 
 ted. 
 
 XII. ExcelTive Spenders and unreafona- 
 ble Savers are to be Excluded, being both 
 greedy from differing Caufes. 
 
 They are both of them Difeafes of In- 
 fedion, and for that Reafon are not to be 
 admitted into Publick Aflcmblies. 
 
 A Prodigal Man muft be greedy, becaufe 
 he thin^eth he can never fpend enough. 
 
 The Wretch muft be fo, becaulb he will 
 never think he can hoard enough. 
 
 The World firft admireth Men's Wifdom 
 for getting Money, and then railech at them 
 if they do not throw it away? So that the 
 Prodigal Man is only the lefs unpopular Ex- 
 treme ; he IS every jot as well prepared as 
 the Milcr co fall out with his Morals, when 
 once a ^ood Temptation is offered him to 
 lay them afide. 
 
 On the other fide, fomcRich Men areas 
 eager to overtake thole that arc Richer, as 
 a Running Horie is to get to the Race-Poft 
 before the ouhcr that conccndcch with him. 
 
 Men often defirc to lieap, rather becaufe 
 others have more, than that they know 
 whar to do with that which ihcy Covet 
 with io m?ch Impatience. 
 
 So that tis plain, the Fancy hath as great 
 afliate m this imaginaryPJcaiure of gather- 
 ing* 
 
Members of Parliament. 287 
 
 ing, as it hath in Love, Ambition, or any 
 other Paflion. 
 
 It is pretty fure, that as no Man was ever 
 the Richer for having a good Eftate, if he 
 did not look after it, fo neither will he be 
 the Honefter if he hath never io much. 
 
 Want of Care will always^ create want 
 of Money; fo that whether a Man is 
 a Beggar becaufc he never had any Money, 
 or becaufe he can never keep any, it is all 
 one to thofe who are to truft him. 
 
 Upon this Head of Prodigality, it may 
 be no unreafonable Caution to be afraid of 
 thofe who in former Service have been ex- 
 travagantly Liberal of thePublick Money. 
 
 Truftingisfo hazardous a thing, that ic 
 fliould never be done but where it is necelfa- 
 ry : So that when Truftees are found upon 
 Trial to be very Lavifh, even without exa- 
 mining into the Caufes of ic, (^which arc 
 generally very fufpicious) icis areafonable 
 part of preventing Wit to change Hands, or 
 elfe the Chufers will pay the Penalty that 
 belongech to good-nature fo mirplaccd,and 
 the confequences will be attended with the 
 aggravation of their not being made Wifec 
 by fuch a fevere and coftly warning. 
 
 XIII. It would be of very great ufe to 
 take a general Refolution throughout the 
 Kingdom, That none ftiould be chofen for a 
 
 County 
 
2 88 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 County but luch as have cither in Poflefli- 
 on, or Reverfion, a confiderable Eftatc in 
 it ; nor for a Borough, except he be Rcfi- 
 ant, or that he hath fome Eftate in the 
 County, in prefent or expedancy. 
 
 There have been Eminent Men of Law 
 who were of Opinion, That in the Cafe of 
 a Burgefs of a Town not Refiant, the Court 
 is to give Judgment according to the Sta- 
 tute, notwithilanding Cuftom to the Con- 
 trary. 
 
 But not to infift now upon that, the 
 prudential part is Argument enough to Ice 
 up a Rule to abrogate an ill Cuftom. 
 
 There rs nor, perhaps, a greater Caufe 
 of tlie Corruption of Parliaments, than by 
 adopting Members, who may be faid to 
 have no I itie by their Births. 
 
 The Juries arc by the Law to be E\' 
 Vicineto; and (hall there be lefs care that 
 the Reprefencacives of the People be fo 
 too ? 
 
 Sure the Intercft of the County is beft 
 placed in the hands of fuch as have Ibmc 
 ihare in it. 
 
 The Outliers arc not fo eafily kept with- 
 in tliG Pale of the Laws. 
 
 They are often chofen without being 
 known, which is more like chuling V-iien* 
 tincSjthanMcmbcrs of Parliamcnc.Thc Mo* 
 
 tiyc 
 
Members of Pariiamcnc. 2 8y 
 
 It tive of their {landing is more juftly to be 
 fuppofed, that they may Redrefs their 
 
 .1 own Grievances which they knovV, than 
 thofe of the Countrey, to which they arc 
 Strangers. 
 
 They are Chofen at London to Serve in 
 Cornwall^ &c. and are often Parties, before 
 they come to be Rcprefenratives : One 
 would think the Reproach it is for a Coun- 
 ty not to have Men within their ow^n Circle 
 to Serve them in Parliament fliould be Ar- 
 gument enough to rejed: thefe Trefpaflers, 
 without urging the ill Confequences in 
 other Rcfpeds of their being Admitted. 
 
 XIV. As in fome Cafes ic is advifable 
 ; to give a total Exclufion to Men not fitly 
 Qualify'd ; fo in others it is more proper 
 to lay down a General Rule of Caution, 
 with Allowance of fonve Exceptions, where 
 Men have given fuch Proofs of themfclves, 
 as create a right for them tobe didinguinic. 
 Of this nature is that which I ihail fay 
 concerning Lawyers, who, by the fam'^ 
 Reafon that they may be Ufeful, may be 
 alio very Dangerous. 
 
 The Negligence, and want of Applica- 
 tion in Gentlemen^ hath made them to be 
 thought more ncccffary than naturally they 
 are in Parliament. 
 
 U They 
 
290 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 They have not only ingrofled the Chair 
 of the Speaker, but that of a Committee is 
 hardly thought to be well filled, except it 
 be by a Man of the Robe. 
 
 This maketh it worthy of the more fe- 
 rious Refledion of aU Gentlemen, that it 
 may be an Argument to them to qualify 
 themfelvcs in Parliamentary Learning, in 
 iuch a manner, as that they may rely up- 
 on their own Abilities, in order totheicr- 
 ving their Countrey. 
 
 But to come to the Point in Queftion ; 
 it is not without Precedent, that Pradlifing 
 Lawyers have been excluded from Serving 
 in Parliament ; and without following 
 thofc Patterns ftridly, I cannot but think 
 it reafonable, that whilft a Parliament Sic- 
 teth , no Member of Parliament fhould 
 Plead at any Bar. 
 
 The Reafon of it is in many refpecfts 
 ftrong in it Iblf, and is grown much ftrong- 
 cr by the long Sitting of Parliaments of 
 lare; buti will now dwell upon this.- The 
 Matter not in Queftion being concerning 
 Lawyers being Elected, which I conceive 
 fliould be done with fo much circumfpc- 
 dion, that probably it would not often 
 happen. 
 
 If Lawyers have great Pradlice, that 
 ought to take them up; if not, it is no 
 
 great 
 
Members of Parliament. 291 
 
 great fign of their Ability; and at theiam: 
 time giveth a Sufpicion, that they may b.* 
 more liable to be tempted. 
 
 If it ihould be fo in Fad, That no King 
 ever wanted Judges to foften the fiifFneis 
 of the Laws that were made, fo as to make 
 them fuit better with the Reafon of Stare, 
 and theConvenience oftheGovernment ; ic 
 is no Injury now to fuppofe it pofTible for 
 Lawyers in the Houfe of Commons, fo to 
 behave themfelves in the making of New 
 Laws, as the better to make way for the 
 having their Robes linM with Fur. 
 
 They are Men ufed to Argue on both 
 fides of aQueilion ; And if ordinary Fees 
 can infpirc them with very good Reafons 
 in a very ill Caufe, that Faculty exercifcd 
 in Parliaments, where it may be beacr 
 encouraged, may prove very inconveni- 
 ent to thofe that chufe them. 
 
 And therefore,without Arraigning a Pro- 
 feffion, that it would be Scandalous for a 
 Man not toHonour ; one may.by a Sufpici- 
 on, which is the more excufable when lu is 
 in the behalf of the People, imagine rhac 
 the habit of taking Money for their Opi- 
 nion, may create in feme fuch a forgetful - 
 nefs to diftinguifli, that they may take it 
 for their Vote. 
 
 U z They 
 
2^1 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 They are generally Men who by a la- 
 borious Study hope to be Advanced : They 
 have it in their Eye as a Reward for the 
 Toil they undergo. 
 
 This makcth them generally very flow, 
 and ill difpoled (let the Occafion never 
 fo much require it) to wreftle with that 
 Soil where Preferment groweth. 
 
 Now if the Suppofition be in it felf rtc- 
 unrcafonable, and that itiliould happen :- 
 be Arengthen'd and conhrm'd by Experi- 
 ence, it \vi!i be very unneccdarv tp lay 
 any more upon this Article, bur leave it 
 to the Eicdors to confider of it. 
 
 XV. I cannot forbear toputin aCavca: 
 againfi: Men ty'd to a Party. 
 
 There niufl in every Budy be a Leaning 
 to that fort of Men who profefs lome Prin- 
 ciples, more than to others who go upon 
 a diflcrcnt Foundation ; but when a Man 
 is drown'd in a Parry, plung'd in it be- 
 yond his depth, he runneth a great hazard 
 of being upon ill Terms with good Senic, 
 or Morality, if not with both of them. 
 
 Such a Man can hardly be call'd a Free 
 Agent, and for th.at rcalon is very unfit 
 to be truded with the Peoples Liberty, af- 
 ter he hath given up his own. 
 
 It is laid, Th?.r in feme part of ihc hJies 
 they do lb sficc'iirtlc Fccr, thar they keep 
 
 them 
 
Members of Pc^Tiiament /p^ 
 
 them fqueezed while they are Children, fo 
 that they ftay ac that fmall fize ^fcer they 
 are grown Men. 
 
 One may fay fomething like this of Men 
 LockM up in a Party ; They put their 
 Thoughts into fuch a narrow Mould, that 
 they can never be enlarged nor releafed 
 from their firft Confinements. 
 
 Men in a Party have Liherty only for 
 their Motto ; in reality they are greater 
 Slaves than any Body elfe would care to 
 make them. 
 
 A Party, even in times of Peace, ( tho 
 againft the Original ContradJ, and the Bill 
 of Rights) fets up and continues the Ex- 
 ercife of Martial Law: OnceEnroU'd, the 
 Man that quitteth, if they bad their Will, 
 would be hang d for a Deferter. 
 
 They communicate Anger to one ano* 
 thcr by Contagion : and it may be faid, 
 that if too much Light dazzlcth the Eye- 
 fighr, too much Heat doth not Icfs weaken 
 the Judgment. 
 
 Heat reigneth in the Fancy ; and Rcafon, 
 which is a colder Faculty of the Brain, ta- 
 keth more time to be heard, than the other 
 will allow. 
 
 The Heat of a Party is like the Burning 
 of a Fever; and not a Natural Warniih, 
 ycvcnly diftributcd to give Life and Vi^or. 
 
 \] \ Thcie 
 
Z94 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 There was a time indeed when Anger 
 jdiew'd a good fign of Honefty ; but that 
 Evidence is very much weakned by In- 
 iK^nces we have ieen fincc the Days of 
 Yore : And the Publick Spirited Cholec 
 hath been thrown off within time of Me- 
 mory, and loft almoft all its Credit with 
 Ibme People, fince they found what Go- 
 vernments thought fit to make their fo do- 
 ing a ftep to their Preferment. 
 
 A ftrongBIuflring Wind feldom conti- 
 nues long in one Corner. 
 
 Some Men knock loud only to be let in ; 
 the Buftle they make is animated by their 
 Private Intercft. The outward Blaze only 
 is for Religion and Liberty: The true laft- 
 ing Fire, like that of the Veftals which ne- 
 ver went out, is an eagernels to get Ibme- 
 what for themlelves. 
 
 A Houlc of Commons Compofed of 
 i'uch Men, would be more properly lb ma- 
 ny Merchants Incorporated in a Regular 
 Company, to make their particular Adven- 
 tures, than Men fent from the People to 
 Serve andReprcfent them. 
 
 There are fome Splenetick Gentlemen 
 who confine their favourable Opinion with- 
 in fo narrow a Compafs, that they will 
 not allow It to any Man that was not hang- 
 ed in the late PvCigns. 
 
 No.v 
 
Members 0/ Parliament* 295: 
 
 Now by that Rule one might expedl 
 they fliould Refcue themfelves from the 
 Difadvantage of being now alive ; and by 
 Abdicating a World fo little worthy of 
 them, get a great Name to themfelves, with 
 the general fatisfaftion of all thofe they 
 would leave behind them. 
 
 Among the many other illConfequences 
 of a ftated Party, it is none of the leaft, 
 that it tempteth low and infignificant Men 
 to come upon the Stage, to expofe them- 
 felves, and to fpoil Bufinefs. 
 
 It turneth a Cypher into a Figure, fuch 
 a one as it is : A Man in a Party is able to 
 make a noife, let it be never fo empty a 
 found. 
 
 A weak Man is eafily blown out of his 
 fmall Senfes, by being Mufter'd into a Par- 
 ty; he is flatter'd till he liketh himfelf fo 
 well, that he taketh it extremely ill if he 
 hath not an Employment. 
 
 Nothing is more in Fa{hion,than for Men 
 to defire good Places, and I doub: nothing 
 is lefs fo than to deferve them. 
 
 From Nobody to Somebody is fuch a 
 violent ftride, that Nature, which hath 
 the Negative Voice, will not give its Royal 
 AfTcnt to it; So that when infufficient Men 
 aim at being in Bufinefs, the word of their 
 Enemies might out of Malice to them, Pray 
 f:)r their Preferment. U 4 There 
 
296 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 There could be no end, if one did not 
 flop till this Theme had no more matter 
 to furnifli. I will only fay, Nothing is 
 more evident, than that the Good of the 
 Nation hath been Sacrificed to theAnimo- 
 fities of the feveral Contending Parties ; and 
 without entring into the Dispute which of 
 them are more or lefs in the right, it is 
 pretty fure, that whilft thcie Oppofite Sets 
 of Angry Men arc playing at Foot-ball, 
 they will break a!I the Windows, and do 
 more Iwiit than their pretended 2eal for 
 the Nation will ever make amends for. 
 
 In fiiort, a Man lb engaged is retained 
 before the People take him tor their Coun- 
 cil ; he hath inch a Reverie for his Party, 
 that it is not adviiable for thole who 
 would chufe him to depend upon his Pro- 
 fefTions. All Parties Atruming luch aDil- 
 penfing Power, that by their Sovereign 
 Authority theyCancel and Difiolve any Adk 
 or Promife that they do not afterwards 
 approve. 
 
 Tl;ele things confidered, ihofe who will 
 chule fuch Mencef^^rve whacovcr foUow- 
 eth. 
 
 XVf. Pretenders to Exorbitant Merit in 
 the larc Revolution, arc not without Ob- 
 jedtions againil t'n :ni, when they Hand to 
 iprvc in Purliarnc ./puld no; only be 
 
 a 
 
Members of Parliamenr. 297 
 
 a low, but a Criminal kind of Envy, to de- 
 ny a diftinguifliing Juftice to Men who have 
 been Inftrumentai and Adive, when the 
 Service of their Country required it. But 
 there ought to be Moderation in Men's 
 Claims, or elfe it is out of the Power of our 
 poor Ifland to fatisfy them. It is true, Ser- 
 vice of all kinds is groun much dearerjike 
 Labourers Wages, which formerly occafi- 
 oned levera! Statutes to Regulate them. 
 
 But now the Men who only carried Mor- 
 tar to the Building, when it is Finiflied, 
 think they are ill dealt with if they are not 
 made Mafter-Workmen. 
 
 They prcfently cry our, the Original 
 Contrad: is broken, if their Merit is not re- 
 warded, at their own Rate too. 
 
 Some will think there never ought to be 
 an end of their Rewards ; when indifferent 
 Judges would perhaps be puzzled to find 
 out the beginning of their Merit. 
 
 They bring in fuch large Bills, that they 
 muft be Examin'd : Some Bounds mud be 
 put to Men's Prctenftons; die the Nation, 
 which is to pay the Reckoning, w^ill every 
 way think it a fcurvy thing to be undone, 
 whether it be by beir?g over-run by our E- 
 nc'.Tiies, or by the being exhauficd by out 
 Friends. 
 
 There 
 
298 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 There ought therefore to be debudlions 
 where they are reafonable, the better to 
 juflify the paying what remaineth. 
 
 For Example, if any of thefe Paffionatc 
 Lovers of the Proteftant Religion Ihould 
 not think fit in their manner of Living, to 
 give the leaft Evidence of their Morali- 
 ty, their Claims upon that Head might 
 fure be ftruck off without any Injuftice to 
 them. 
 
 If there are any who fet down great Sums 
 as a Reward due to their 2eal for Refcuing 
 Property from the Jaws of Arbitrary 
 Power ; their Pretenfions may fairly be Re- 
 jeded, if now they are fo far from fliewing 
 a Care and Tendernefs of the Laws, that 
 they look rather like Councel Retained on 
 the Ochcr fide. 
 
 It is no lefs Strange, than I doubt it is 
 True, that fome Men ihould be fo in Love 
 with their dear Miftrefs Old England^ with 
 all her Wrinkles, as out of an Heroick Paf- 
 fion» to Swim over to Refcuc Her from be- 
 ing Ravifh'd ; and when the) have done the 
 Feat, the firft thing after Enjoyment is, that 
 they go about to Strangle Her. 
 
 For the lake of true Love, it is not 
 fit chat fuch ungentileGallants fhould be too 
 much cncourag d ; and their Arrogance for 
 I avin^donc well at firft, will have no right 
 
 JO 
 
Members of Parliament. 299 
 
 to be excufed, if their fo doing ill at laft 
 doth not make them a little more Modeft. 
 
 True Merit, like a River, the deeper it 
 is, the lefs noife it makes. 
 
 Thefe loud Proclaimers of their own De- 
 ferts, are not only to be fufpefted for their 
 Truth,but the Eledors are to confider that 
 fuch Meritorious Men lay an Aflefsment 
 upon thofe that Chufe them. 
 
 The Publick Taxes are already heavy 
 enough without the addition of thefe pri- 
 vate Reckonings. It is therefore the fafer 
 way, not to employ Men, who will exped: 
 more for their Wages, than the miftaken 
 Borough that fendeth them up to Parlia- 
 ment could be fold for. 
 
 XVn. With all due Regard to the No- 
 bleft of Callings, Military Officers are out 
 of their true Element when they are mifpla* 
 ccd in a Houle of Commons. 
 
 Things in this World ought to be well 
 fuited. There are fome Appearances fo un- 
 natural, that Men are convinced by them 
 without any other Argument. 
 
 The very Habit in fome Cafes, recom- 
 mendeth or giveth Offence. 
 
 If the Judges upon the Bench fliould, in- 
 flead of their Furs, which fignify Gravity, 
 and befpeak Refpedt, be Cloathed like the 
 Jockeys at New-Market fit wear Jack- Boots. 
 
 and 
 
:7oo Cautions for Choice of 
 
 2LndSteenkirks ; chey would not in Reality 
 have lefs Law, but Mankind would be lb 
 (truck with this unufual Objedl, that it 
 would be a great while before they could 
 think it poflible to receive Juftice from 
 Men lo Accoutct'd. 
 
 Ic is to fonie degree the fame thing 
 in this Cafe ; fuch Martial Habits, Blue- 
 Coats, Red-Stockings, &c. make them look 
 very unlike Grave Senators. One would 
 almoft Swear they were Creatures apart, 
 and of a different Species from the reft of 
 the Body. 
 
 In former times, when only the Rcfiant 
 Shopkeeper was coRcprcfcnt his Corpora- 
 tion ( which by che way is the Law ftili 
 at this day) the Military looks of one of 
 thefe Sons of A/jrj, would have ftarcd the 
 Quaking Member down again to his Bo- 
 rough. 
 
 Now the Number of them is fo encreafed, 
 that the Peaceable part of the Houfc may 
 lawfully Swear they arc in fear of their 
 Lives, from fjch an Awful Appearance of 
 Men of War. 
 
 ft makcth the Room look like a Guard- 
 Houfc by fuch an illluitcd Mixture. i>ut 
 iliis is only the out-ficic, the Barque of the 
 Argument; the root gocth yet deeper a- 
 gainU Cliufing fuch Men, whofe i'alcnts 
 ought to be othcrwife applied. Their 
 
Members of Parliament. ^ o i 
 
 TheirTwo Capacities arefo inconfiftenr, 
 that Mens undertaking to ferve both the 
 Cures, will be the Caufe in a little time, 
 that we (hall neither have Men of War, 
 nor Men of Bufinefs, good in their feveral 
 kinds. 
 
 An Officer is to give up his Liberty to 
 obey Orders ; and it is neceflarily incident 
 to his Calling that he ihould do io, 
 
 A Member of Parliament is Originally 
 to be tender of his own Liberty, that other 
 Men may the beirer rruft him with theirs. 
 
 An Officer is to enable himfelf by his 
 Courage, improved by Skill and Experi- 
 ence, to fupporr the Laws C if Invaded } 
 when they are made; but he is nor luppo- 
 fed to be at leifure enough to underitand 
 how they fliould be made. 
 
 A Member of Parlksmentis to fill his 
 thouhthts wich what may beft conduce ro 
 the Civil Adminiftration ; which is cno'jch 
 to take up the whole Man, let him be ne- 
 ver fo much railed above the ordinary Le- 
 vel. 
 
 Thefe twooppofiteQuaiificaticns, being 
 placed in one Man, make him fuch an am- 
 biguous divided Creature, that he doth 
 not know how to move. 
 
 It is beft to keep Men within their pro- 
 per Sphere ; few Men have underftanding 
 
 enough 
 
^02 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 enough cxadly to fill even one narrow 
 Circle, fewer arc able to fill two ; cfpccial- 
 ly when they are both of fo great compafs, 
 and that they arc lb contrary in their own 
 Natures. 
 
 The Wages he hath as a Member, and 
 thofe he receiveth as an Officer, are paid 
 for Services that are very differing ; and 
 in the doubt which of them fliould be pre- 
 ferably performed, it is likely the grearcr 
 Salary may dire(9: him, without the fur- 
 ther Inducements of Complying nioli, 
 where he may expedt moft Advantage by 
 it. 
 
 In fliorr, if his dependance is not very 
 great, it will make him a Scurvy Officer ; 
 if it is gi car, it will make him a Scurvier 
 Member. 
 
 XVIII. Men under the Scandal of being 
 thought Private Penfioners, are too fair a 
 Mark to efcapc being confider'd, in refe- 
 rence ro the Point in Queftion. 
 
 In cafe of plain Evidence, it is not to 
 be fuppolcd polfiblc, that Men Convicted of 
 fuch a Crime ihould ever again be Elected. 
 
 The difficulty is in determining what is 
 to be done in cafe of Sufpicion. 
 
 There are Sufpicions fo well grounded, 
 that they may pretend to have the force 
 of Proofs, provided the Penalty gocthonly 
 
 to 
 
Members of Parliament. ^o; 
 
 — — II ■ « tm ' ■' I I . I ■ ,^ 
 
 to the forbearing to Truft, but not extend- 
 ing it fo far as to Punifti. 
 
 There muft be fome things plain and ex- 
 preis to juftify the latter, but Circumftan- 
 ces may be fufEcient for the former : As 
 where Men have had fuch fudden Cures of 
 their Ill-Humours, and Oppofition to the 
 Court, that it is out of the way of ordina- 
 ry methods of recovery from fuch Diftem- 
 pers, which have a much flower progrefs ; 
 it muft naturally be imputed to fomeSpe- 
 cifick that maketh fuch a quick alteration 
 of the whole Mafs of Blood. 
 
 Where Men have raifed their way of 
 Living, without any vifible means to Sup- 
 port them in it, a Sufpicion is juftified, even 
 by the Example of the Law, which in Cafes 
 of this kind, though of an inferior Nature , 
 doth upon this Foundation, not only raife 
 Inferences, but Infiid: Puniftiments. 
 
 Where Men are Immoral, andScandalous 
 in their Lives, and difpenfe familiarly with 
 the Rules by which the World is Govern d, 
 for the better preferving the Bonds of 
 Human Society ; \t muft be a Confidence 
 very ill placed, to conclude itimpoliible for 
 fuch Men to yield to a Temptaitoa well 
 offered and purfu'd ; when, the truth is, 
 the habit of fuch Borts i;iz;^»/j,which is the 
 fafliionable Word, m^aketh ^ Sufpicion fo 
 
 likely, 
 
304 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 likely, that it is very hard not to believe 
 it to be true. 
 
 If tlierc Ihould be nothing but the gene- 
 ral Report^even that is not to be neglcded. 
 
 Common Fame is the only Ly ar that de- 
 fcrvcthto havelbme refpe(3: dill referv'dto 
 it; tho file telleth many an Untruth, flie 
 often hits right, and moft elpecially when 
 fhe fpcaketh ill of Men. 
 
 Her Credit hath lometimes been carried 
 too far, when it hach gone to the Divert- 
 ing Men of any thing of which they were 
 PoiTeis'd, without more exprefs evidence 
 to juftify fuch a Proceeding. 
 
 If there was a doubt whether ihcrc ever 
 was any Corruption of this kind ic would 
 akcr the Queftion ; but fure that will not 
 bear the being c(5ntroverred. 
 
 We arc told, That Charles the Fifth font 
 over into England ixooooo Crowns to be 
 diftributcd amongft the Leading Men, to 
 encourage them to carry on Elections. 
 
 Here was the Protcfiant Religion to be 
 bought out for a valuable Confidcracion 
 according to Law, though not according 
 to Goipel, which exaltcch i: above any 
 Price that can be let upon it. 
 
 Now, except we had reafon to believe 
 that the Virtue of rhe World is improved 
 fincc that tin^c, \vc can as ittclc doubt that 
 
 fuch 
 
Members of Parliament, 505^ 
 
 fuch Temptations may be offered, as thac 
 they may be received. 
 
 It will be owned, that there is to be a 
 great tendernefs in Sufpedling ; but it muft 
 be allow'd at the fame time, that there 
 ought not to be lefs in Trufting, where 
 ihe People are fo much concerned ; efpeci- 
 ally, when the Penalty upon the Party fu- 
 fpeded goeth no further than a Sufpenfion 
 of that Confidence, which it is neceflary 
 to have in thofe who arc to reprefent the 
 Nation in Parliament. 
 
 I cannot omit the giving a Caution 
 againft admitted Men to be Chofen, who 
 have Places of any value. . 
 
 There needeth the lefs to be faid upon this 
 Article, the truth of the Propofition being 
 fupported by fuch plain Arguments. 
 
 Sure no Man hath fuch a plentiful Spring 
 of Thought, as that all that fioweth from 
 it is too much to be applied to fhe Bufinels 
 of Parliament. 
 
 it is not lefs fure, that a Member of Par- 
 liament, of all others, ought not to be ex* 
 empted from the Rule, That no Man Ihould 
 ferve two Mailers. 
 
 It doth fo fplit a Man's Thoughts, that 
 no Man can know how to make a fitting 
 Diftribution of them to two fuch differing 
 Capacities. 
 
 X Ic 
 
506 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 It expolech Men to be fufpecaed , and 
 tempted, more than is convenient for the 
 Pubiick Service, or for the mutual good 
 Opinion ot one another, which there ought 
 to be in fuch an AfTcmbly. 
 
 It either giveth a real dependance upon 
 the Government, which is inconfiftent with 
 the neceflity there is, that a Member of 
 Parliament (hould be difengaged ; or at lead 
 it hath the appearance of it, which ma! cch 
 them not look like Freemen, though chcy 
 ihould have Virtue enough 10 be fo. 
 
 More Reafons would leflen the Weight 
 of this laft, which is, That a Bill to this ef- 
 k&y commonly called the Self-Jenyhg B'tU^ 
 pafs'd even this lad Houfe of Commons. 
 
 A greater Demonftration of the irrefifti- 
 ble ftrengch of Truth cannot poflibly be 
 given ; lb that a Copy of that Bill in every 
 County or Borough, would hardly fail of 
 difcouraging luch Pretenders fromStanding, 
 or at Icall it vvould prevent their Succcfs if 
 their ownModefty (hould not rcftrain them 
 from attempting it. 
 
 XX. If Diftindlions may be made upon 
 particular Men , or Remarks (ix'd up- 
 on their Votes in Parliament, they mud be 
 allovvM in relation to thofc Gentlemen, 
 who for Reafons bed known to themiblves 
 thought fit to be againd the tncnnial Bill, 
 
 The 
 
Members of Parliament. ^07 
 
 The Liberty of Opinion is the thing in 
 the World that ought leaft to be controU'd, 
 and efpecially in Parliament, 
 
 But as that is an undoubted Aflert ion, it 
 is not lefs fo, That when Men Sin againft 
 their own Light, give a Vote againft their 
 own Thought, they rouft not Plead Privi- 
 lege of Parliament againft the being Arraign- 
 ed for it by others, after they are Convi(3:- 
 ed of it by themfelves. 
 
 There cannot be a Man, who in his De- 
 finition of a Houfe of Commons, will ftatc 
 it to be an Aflembly, that for the better re- 
 drefling of Grievances the People feel, and 
 for the better furnifhing fuch Supplies as 
 they can bear, is to continue, if the King 
 fo plcafeth, for his whole Reign. 
 
 This could be as little intended, as to 
 throw all into one Hand, and to renounce 
 the Claim to any Liberty, but fo much as 
 the Sovereign Authority would allow. 
 
 It deftroyeth the end of Parliaments, ic 
 maketh ufc of the Letter of the Law to ex- 
 tinguifli the Life of it. 
 
 It is, in truth, fome kind of Difparnge- 
 ment to fo plain a thing, that fo much has 
 been faid and written upon it; and one may 
 fay. It is fuch an Affront to thefe Gentle- 
 mens Undcrftandings to cenfure this Vote 
 only as a Miftake, that, as the Age goeth, 
 
 X 1 it 
 
V'^ 
 
 Cautions for Choice of 
 
 j'u !s lets Difcredit to them to call it by its 
 ngnt Name ; and if that is rightly undcr- 
 itood by thofe who arc to Choofe them, I 
 luppofe they will let them exercife their Li- 
 berty of Confcience at Home, and not make 
 Men their Truftees, who in this Solemn In- 
 ftance have fuch an imwillingnefs to Sur- 
 render. 
 
 It mud be own'd, That this Bill hath 
 met with very hard Fortune, and yet that 
 doth not in the lead diminifh the Value of 
 it. 
 
 It had in it fuch a Root of Life, that it 
 might be faid, It was not Dead, but Sleeped ; 
 and we fee that the laft Seflion, it was 
 revived, aud animated by the Royal Aflent, 
 when once fully informed of theConfe- 
 quence, as well asof the Juftice of it. 
 
 In the mean time, after having told my 
 Opinion, Who ought not to be Chofen. 
 
 If I fliould be asked, Who ought to be, 
 my Anfwcr muft be, Chufe Englijh-men ; 
 and when I have faid that, to deal Honeft- 
 ly, I will not undertake that they are cafic 
 to be found. 
 
Rough Draught 
 
 O F A 
 
 NEW MODEL 
 
 A T 
 
 S E A» 
 
 1694. 
 
 LONDON: 
 Printed in the Year 1 704. 
 
1 1 
 
 Rough Draught 
 
 O F A 
 
 NEW MODEL 
 
 A T 
 
 SEA, KJ94. 
 
 I Will make no other Introdudion to 
 the following Difcourfe, than that as 
 the Importance of our being (Irong at 
 Seay was ever very great, fo in our pre- 
 fent Cireumftances it is grown to be much 
 greater; becaufe, as formerly our Force of 
 X 4 Shipping 
 
^ I z A ^ough Vr aught. 
 
 Shipping contributed greatly to our trade 
 and Safety. So, now it is become indifpen- 
 fibly ncccflary to our very Being. 
 
 It may be faid now to England, Martha, 
 Martha, thou art bufie about many things, 
 but one thing is neceflary to theQueftion, 
 What fhall we do to be Saved in thisWorld ? 
 There is no other Anfwer but this, Look 
 to your Moat. 
 
 The firft Article of an Englifh-mans Po- 
 litical Creed muft be, That he bclieveth in 
 the Sea, ^c. without that there needed no 
 General Council to pronounce him capa- 
 ble of Salvation here. 
 
 We are in an Ifland confin d to it by 
 God Almighty, not as a Penalty but a 
 Grace, and one of the greateft that can be 
 given to Mankind. Happy Confinement 
 that has made us Free, Rich, and Quiet ; 
 a fair Portion in this World, and very well 
 worth the Preferving, a Figure that ever 
 hath been envied, and could never be imi- 
 tated by our Neigbours. Our Situation 
 hath made Greatnefs abroad by Land Con- 
 qucfts unnatural things to us. It is true,we 
 made Excurfions, and Glorious ones too, 
 which make our Names Great in Hiftory, 
 but they did not laft. 
 
 Admit the Enqjtfh to be Giants in Cou- 
 rage, ycc they m^uft not hope to Succeed in 
 
 makini; 
 
of a New Model at Sea^ i 694. 313 
 
 making War againft Heaven, which feem« 
 cth to have enjoyned them to acquiefce 
 in being happy within their own Circle. 
 It is no Paradox to fay, that England hath 
 its Root in the Sea, and a deep one too, 
 from whence it fendeth its Branches into 
 both the Indies, We may fay further in our 
 prefent Cafe, That if Allegiance is due to 
 Proteilion^ ours to the Sea is due from that 
 Rule, fince by that, and by that alone, we 
 are to be protcdled ; and if we have of late 
 fuffered Ufurpation of other Methods,con- 
 trary to the Homage we owe to that which 
 muft preferve us. It is time now to reftore 
 the Sea to its Right ,• and as there is no 
 Repentance effedlual without Amendment, 
 fo there is not a Moment to be loft in their 
 going about it. 
 
 It is not pretended to launch intofuch 
 a Voluminous Treatife, as to fet down 
 every thing to which fo comprehenfive a 
 SubjecSt might lead me ; for as the Sea hath 
 little lefs Variety in it than the Land ; fo 
 the Naval Force of England extendeth it 
 felf into a great many Branches, each of 
 which are important enough to require a 
 Difcogrfe apart, and peculiarly applied to 
 it.- But there muft be preference to fome 
 Confiderarion above others, when the 
 weight of thcni is fo vifibly Superior that 
 
 it 
 
314 ^ ^ou^h Draught 
 
 — 1 — --_ 
 
 it cannot be conteded. It is there, firft, 
 that the Foundations are to be laid of our 
 Naval Oeconomy; aniongft thefe, there is 
 one Article which in its own Nature muft 
 be allowed to be the Gorrt«tftonc of thfc 
 Building. 
 
 The Choice of Officers^ with thfc t)ifcu 
 flint and Encouragement belonging to them. 
 Upon this Head only, I ihall then take the 
 Liberty to venture my Opinion into the 
 World, with a real Submiffion to thofe,who 
 may offer any thing better for the advan- 
 tage of the Publick- 
 
 The firft Queftioh then will be, Out of 
 what fort of Men the Ofieers of the Fiiet 
 are to be Chofcn ; and this immediately 
 leadeth us to the prefent Controverfie be- 
 tween the Gentlemen and the TarpdA- 
 tins. 
 
 The Ufual Objedions on both fide^ ate 
 too general to be tely'd upoA. Partiillity 
 and Common Prejudices dircdl moft Mens 
 Opinions, without entring into the paiiti- 
 culaiRealons which ought to be the ground 
 of it. There is fo much eale in acquiefcing 
 in Generals, that the Ignorance of thofe 
 who cannot diftinguiftl, and the Largcnels 
 of thofe who will not, ftiaketh Men very 
 apt to decline the trouble of ftridter En(Jui- 
 ries, which they think too great a price 
 
 for 
 
of aKewModelatSea^ 16^4. 515 
 
 for being in the right, let it be never fo 
 valuable. 
 
 This maketh them judge in the Lump, 
 afnd either let their Opinions fv\im along 
 with the Stream of the World, or give 
 them up wholly to be diredied by Succefs. 
 The Effed of this is, that they change 
 their Minds upon every prefent uneafinels, 
 Wanting a ftcady Foundation upon which 
 their Judgment fhould be formed. This 
 is a Pearching upon the Twigs of things, 
 and not going to theRoct. But fure the 
 Matter in queftion deferveth to be exami- 
 ned in another manner, frnce fo much de- 
 petiderh upon it. 
 
 To ftate the thing impartiaHy, it muft 
 be owned that it feemeth to lye faired for 
 the Tarpaulin: It giveth an Imprcffion 
 that muft have fo much weight as to make 
 a Man's Opinion lean very much on that 
 fide, it carrieth fo much Authority with it, 
 feemeth to be fo unqucfticnablc, that 
 thofe are fitteft to Con mand at Sea, who 
 have not only made it their Ca//hg, but 
 their Elemeftt ; that there muft riaturally 
 be a Prejudice to any thing that can be 
 ftid againft it. There m.uft therefore be 
 fbme Reafon extraordinary to Ibpport the 
 Argument on the other fide, or elfe the 
 Gentlemen could never Enter the Lifts 
 
 againft 
 
. ■ - ^ ^ , 
 
 ^ I 6 A ^ugh Draught 
 
 againft fuch a violent Objedlion , which 
 feemech not to be refifted. I will intro- 
 duce my Argument with an Aflertion, 
 which as I take to be true almoft in all 
 Cafes, fo it is necefTary to be explained 
 and inforced in this. The JJfertion is, that 
 there is hardly a fingle Propofirion to be 
 made, which is not deceitful, and the ty- 
 ing our Realon too clofe to it, may in ma- 
 ny Cafes be Deftrudive. Circumftances 
 mart come in, and are to be made a part 
 of the matter of which we arc to judge ; 
 pofitive Deciftons arc always Dangerous, 
 more efpecially in Politicks. A Man, who 
 will be Maftec of an Argument, muft do 
 like a skilful General, who fendeth Scouts 
 on all fides, to fee whether there may not 
 be an Enemy. So he muft look round to 
 fee what Objcdions can be made, and 
 not go on in a ftreight Line, which is 
 the ready way to lead him into a n)i- 
 ftake. 
 
 Before then, that we conclude what fort 
 of Men arc ficteft to Command at Sea, a 
 Principle is to be laid down, that there is 
 a differing Confideration to be had of fuch 
 a Suhjcft-matter, as is in it felf diftinfl and 
 independent, and of fuch a one as being a 
 Limb of a Body, or a Wheel of a Frame, 
 there is a neccffity of fuiting it to the reft, 
 
 and 
 
of a New Mo del at Sea^ \ 694. '^ \ 7 
 
 and preferving the Harmony of the whole. 
 A Man muft not in that Cafe reftrain him- 
 felf to the feperate Confidcration of that 
 fingle Part, but muft take care it may fall 
 in and agree with the Shape of the whole 
 Creature, of which it is a Member. Ac- 
 cording to this Propofition, which I take 
 to be indifputable, it will not, I hope, ap- 
 pear an Affedlation, or an Extravagant Fit 
 of unfeafonable Politicks, if, before I enter 
 into the particular State of the prefent Quc- 
 ftion, I fay fomcthing of the Government 
 of England ^2Lnd make that the Ground work 
 of what fort of Men are moft proper to be 
 m^de ufe of to Command at Sea. 
 
 The Forms of Government to which 
 England muft be SubjedJed, arc either Alf- 
 folute Monarchy , a Commonwealth , or a 
 Mixt Monarchy , as it is now ; with thofe 
 natural Alterations that the Exigency of 
 Affairs may from time to time luggeft. As 
 to Abfolute Monarchy, I will not allow 
 my felf to be tranfported into fuch Inve- 
 d:ives, as are generally made againft ic ; 
 neither am I ready to enter into the aggra- 
 vating Stile of calling every thing Slavery^ 
 that reftraineth Men in any part of their 
 Freedom : One may difcer n in this, as in 
 moft other things, the good and bad of ic. 
 We fee by too near an Inftance,what France 
 
 doth 
 
3 I 8 A ^ouo^h Draught 
 
 I .,j. 
 
 doth by ic ; it dorh noc only ftruggle with 
 the reft of Chrijlendonty but is in a fair way 
 pf giving Law co it. 
 
 This is owing in great Meafure to a 
 Defpotkk and Undivided Power ; the un- 
 concroulable Authority of the Dire<3:ive 
 Councils maketh every thing move with- 
 out Diforder or Oppofuion, which muft 
 give an advantage, that is plain enough 
 of it felf, without being proved by the 
 Melancholy Experience we have of it at 
 this time. 
 
 I Ice and admire this ,• yet I confjjcr at 
 the fame time, that all things of this kind 
 are comparative : That as on one fide, 
 without Government Men cannot enjoy 
 what bclongeth to them in particular, nor 
 can a Nation be lecure, or prcfcrve it Icif 
 in general : So on the other fide, the end of 
 Government being, that Mankind Ihould 
 live in lome competent State of Fredom, 
 it is very unnataral to have the £w^ de- 
 ftroyed by the Means that were originally 
 made ufe of to attain it. In this rclpedl, 
 lomething is to be ventured, rather than 
 lubmit to fuch a precarious State of Life 
 as would make it a Burthen to areafonablc 
 Creature ; and thcrerore, after 1 have own- 
 ed the Advanrapes in r.me kind of an uu- 
 limited Government ; ycr, while they arc 
 
 attended 
 
 ^ 
 
of a New Model at Sea, 1694. :^ig 
 
 ^^tcnded with fo many other difcoiiraging 
 Circumft^nces, I cannot think but tha^ 
 ttiey nd^y be bought too dear; and if i^ 
 fliould be fo, that it is not poffible for st 
 Sf^U to be Great and GloriouSy unlefs tha 
 ^ubjedls are wretchedly Mtferahle, I aq| 
 ^(bu^me^ to owti my Low-ljpirited Frailty, 
 in preferring fuch^ Model of Governmcnr, 
 zs naay agree with the reafonable Enjoy- 
 ment of a Free People^ before luch a one, 
 by which Empire is to be Extended at fuch 
 ^n unnatural Price. Befides whaevcr Mens 
 Opinions may be one way or another, in 
 the general Queftion, there is an Argu- 
 ment in our Cafe that ihutteth the Door to 
 any Anfwer to it. (Viz?) We cannot fub- 
 fift under a Defpotick Power , our very 
 Being would be Dcftroyed by it ; for we 
 are to confider, we are a very little Spot; 
 in the Map of the World, and make a p/cat 
 Figure only by Trade^ which is the Crea- 
 ture of Liberty; one deftroyed, the other 
 falleth to the Ground by a natural Conl'e- 
 quence, that will not admit a Difpute. If 
 we would be meafurcd by our Acres, we 
 are poor inconfiderable People; we are ex- 
 alted above our natural Bounds, by our 
 good Laws, and our excellent Conftitut 
 tion. By this we are not only happy ae 
 Home, butconfidcrable Abroad. Our Si- 
 tuation, 
 
320 A %pugh Vr alight 
 
 tuation, our Humour, our Trade, do all 
 concur to ftrengthen this Argument. So 
 that all other Reafons muft give place to 
 fuch a one as maketh it out, that there is 
 no Mean between a Free Nation and iJo 
 Nation, 
 
 We are no more a People, nor England 
 can no longer keep its Name from the mo- 
 ment that our Liberties are extinguifh'd ; 
 the Vital Srength that fhould fupport us 
 being withdrawn, we (hould then be no 
 more than the Carcafs of a Nation, with 
 no other Security than that of Contempt^ 
 and to fubfift upon no other Tenure, than 
 that we ftiould be below the giving Temp- 
 tation to our ftronger Neighbours to de- 
 vour us. In my Judgment, therefore, there 
 is fuch a fliort decifion to be made upon 
 this Subjedi, that in Relation to England, 
 an Alfolute Monarchy is as an unreafonable 
 thing to be wiQied , as I hope it will be 
 impollible to be obtained. 
 
 It muft be confidered in the next place, 
 whether England likely is to beturn'd into 
 a C ommonwcakh. It is hard at nny time 
 to determine what will be the Shape of 
 the next Revolucion, much more at this 
 time would it be ir.cxcuiably Arrogant to 
 undertake it. Who can forciec whether it 
 will be from without, or from within, or 
 
 from 
 
of a New Model at Sea^ \6pA, ^21 
 
 from both ? Whether with or without the 
 Concurrence of the People > Whether regu- 
 larly produced,or violently impofed ? i (hall 
 not ihtiQioxQ Magtjterialh declare it impof- 
 fible that a Commonwealth fliould be letled 
 here; but I may give my humbleOpinion, 
 that according to all appearances, it is very 
 improbable. 
 
 I will firft lay it down for a Principle, 
 That it is not a Ibund way of arguing, to 
 fay, That if it can be made out, that the 
 Form of a Commonwealth will beft fuit with 
 the Intereft of the Nation, it muft for that 
 reafon of necefficy prevail. 
 
 I will not deny but that Interejl will not 
 lie, is a right Maxim^ whereever itisfure 
 to be underftood ; elfe one had as good af- 
 firm. That no Man m particular, nor Man- 
 kind in general, can ever be millaken. A 
 Nation is a great while before they can fee, 
 and generally they muft feel firft before 
 their Sight is quite cleared, lliis maketh 
 itfo long before they can fee their Intcreji^ 
 that for the moft part ic is too late for them 
 to puifue it : If Men muft be fupporjd al- 
 ways to follow their true Interejl^ it muft 
 be meant o^' a New Manufactory of Man- 
 kind by God Airnighty; there muft be 
 fome new Clay, the old Stuff never yec 
 made any fuch Infallible Creature. 
 
 Y This 
 
J 12 A ^oiigh Draw:kt 
 
 This being Prcniis d, ic is to be enquired, 
 Whether inftead of lnclmarion,or a Leaning 
 towards a Common- wealthy there is not in 
 England a General Dillike to it ; if this be 
 lb, as I take it to be, by a very great difpari- 
 ty m Numbers; it will be in vain to di- 
 fputc the Reafony whilll Hymour is againft 
 it; allowing the weight rhac is due to the Ar- 
 gument, which may beallccigcd for ic ,• ) cc, 
 \i i\\c Herd\% againft it. ihc goii^g abouE 
 ro convince them, would have '^o othci ef- 
 fe(fl than to flicw that nothing can be more 
 impertinent than good Reafons^ when tht:y 
 are milplaced or ill-timed. 
 
 I mufl. obferve, That there muft be funic 
 previous Dilpofirions in all great Changes 
 to facilitate and to make way for them : I 
 think it not at all abfurd, if I affirm, Thar 
 fuch Rcfolutions are leldom made ac ai!, ex- 
 cept by the general l^reparations of Mens 
 Minds they are half made before, and it is 
 plainly vifible, that Men go about them. 
 
 Though ic feemeth to me that the Argu- 
 ment alone makech all others unnecelfary, 
 yet I muft take notice that befides what hath 
 been faid upon this Subjed, there are cer- 
 tain Preliminaries to the firft Building a 
 Commonwealth, Some Materials abfolutely 
 neccHary for the carrying on fuch a Fahrick^ 
 which ac prefcnt arc wanting amongft us, 
 
 1 mean 
 
of a 2^ew Model at ^ea. 1604, -^^i-^ 
 
 I mean Virtue^ Moraliiy^ Diligence, or at 
 leaft Hjpocrifie, Now this Ag^ isfo plain 
 dealing, as nor to DifTemble io far as ro an 
 outward Pretence of Qualities which feem 
 at prefent fo Unfa/hicnatky and under fo 
 much Difcountenance. 
 
 From whence we may draw a plain and 
 natural Inference, ThsLt ^CommoMwealth is 
 not fit for us, becaufe we are not fie for a 
 Commonwealth. 
 
 This being granted, the Suppofition of 
 this Form of Government of England, with 
 all its Confequences as tb the prefent Que- 
 ftion, muft be excluded, and Ahfolute Mo' 
 narchy having been fo too by the Realbns 
 at once alledged, it will without further 
 Examination fall to a Mixt Govenment^ 
 as we now are. I will not fay, that there 
 is never to be any Alteration ; the Confti- 
 tutionof the feveral Parts that concur to 
 makeup the Frame of the Prefent Govern- 
 ment, may be altered in many things, in 
 fome for the better, and in others, perhaps 
 for the worfe, according as Circunidanccs 
 fhall arife to induce a Change ; and as Paf- 
 fion and Intereft Ihall have more or lefs In- 
 fluence upon the Publick Councils ; but 
 ftili, if it remaineth in the whole fo far a 
 a mxt Monarchy^ that there ihall be a re- 
 ftraint upon the Prince^ as to the Exercifc 
 
 Y i of 
 
? 2 4 A ^Hpugh Vraught 
 
 of a Pejpotick Power^ it is enough to make 
 it a Groundwork for the prelent Queftion. 
 It appearcih then that a loundect Monar- 
 chy is [hat kind of Government which will 
 moil probably prevail and continue in£«- 
 glasd ; from whence it muft follow (as hath 
 been hinted before} that every confidera- 
 b!e Part ought to be fo Compofed, as the 
 better to conduce to the preferving the Plar- 
 mcny of the whole Confticution. The ]<^avy 
 is of \o great Importance, that it would be 
 difpari-gcd by calling it itfs than the Li^e 
 and Eoni of Government. 
 
 Therefore to apply the Argument to the 
 Subjed w^e are upon ; in Gate the Officers 
 be all tarpaulins, it would be in reality 
 too great a tendency to a Commonwealth ; 
 luch a part of theConftitution being Demo- 
 cratically difpokd, maybe lulpedied to en- 
 deavour to bring ic into that ihape ; where 
 the Iniiuencc muft be lb ftrong, and the 
 Suppofition will be the more juflifiablc. In 
 iliorc, if the Mariiim Force^ which is the on- 
 ly thing, that can defend us, lliould be whol- 
 !y direded by the lowerlbrt of Men, with 
 an entire Exciufion of the Nobility zn^Gen- 
 try; it will not be eafie to anlwer the Ar- 
 j^uments ibpported by lb great a probabili- 
 ty, that luch a Scheme would not only 
 lean tovyards a Der,)ocracy,h\M(\\XQ(X\y lead 
 ijjr into it. Let 
 
of a Kciv Model at Sea, }6qa. 725 
 
 Lee us now txaminethe conirary Propo- 
 fition, i^viz,) That all Officers jhou Id le 
 Gent lew en. 
 
 Here iheCbjedion lieth fo fair of its 
 Introducing aii Arhttrary Government^ that 
 it is as little to be anlwered in that rerped", 
 as the former is in the other. Gentlemen in 
 a general Definition, will be iufpedted to 
 lie more than other Men under the Temp- 
 tations of being made Inftruments of unli- 
 mited Power ; their Relations, their way of 
 Living, their Tafte of the Entertainments of 
 theO^r^, infpire an Ambition that gene- 
 rally draweth their Inclinations toward it, 
 befides the gratifying of their Interefts. 
 Men of Quality are often taken with the 
 Ornaments of Government, the Splendor 
 dazleth them fo, as that their Judgments 
 arc furprized by it ; and there will be al- 
 ways fome that have fo little remorfe for 
 invading other Men's Liberties, that itma- 
 keth them lefs foUcitous to preferve their 
 own. 
 
 Thefe things throw them naturally into 
 fuch a dependance as might give a dange- 
 rous Bias ; if they alone were in Command 
 at Sea,it would make that great Wheel turn 
 by an irregular Motion, and inftead of bid- 
 ing the chief means of preferving thd whole 
 
 Y 3 Frame, 
 
p ^ A %puv^h Draught 
 
 Frame, mighc come to be the chief Inftru- 
 raenrs co dilcompolc and diflolveit. 
 
 The two further exclufuc Propofuions 
 being necclTarii); to be excluded in this 
 Qucilion, there rcmaincch no other Expe- 
 dient,' neither can any other Conclufioa 
 be cii awn from the Argument as it hath been 
 flaued, than that theie mull be a mixture 
 in the Navy of GentUryien and tarpaulins^ as 
 thv^re is in the Conilitution pf theGovcrn- 
 mciit, of Foiver and Liherty. This Mix- 
 ture is not CO be fo ngoroufiy defined, as 
 to He down the cxaft Proportion there is 
 to be cf each ; the greater or lefier Num- 
 ber mult be dirc(fled by Ciicuniftances, of 
 which the Government is to judge, and 
 u l)ich makes it improper to fet fticliBounds 
 as thar upon no occafion it fhail on citlier 
 fide be IcUened or enlarged. Ic is polliblo 
 the Men of iVapp'mg nay think they are in- 
 jur'd^ by giving them any Partners in the 
 Dominion of the Sea] they may take it 
 unkindly to be Joftled in their own Element 
 by Men of I'uch a different Education, that 
 they may be laid to be of another Species ; 
 they will be apt to think it an Ufutpaiion 
 upon them, and notwithflanding the In- 
 ftanccs that are againft tbcn>, and which 
 give a kind of Prctbrsption en the othc^ 
 
 fide. 
 
of a New Model ot Sea^ * 694- ^ ^7 
 
 fide, they will not eafily acquiefcein what 
 they conceive to be a hardihip to them. 
 
 Out I fliall in a good meafure reconcile 
 my lelf to them by what follows ; (viz ) 
 The Gentlemen fliall not be capable of bear- 
 ing Office at Sea, except they be tarpau- 
 lins too ; that is to fay, except they are fo 
 trained up by a continued habit of living at 
 Sea^ that they may have a right to be ad- 
 mitted free Denizens of lVappi}ig, Upon 
 this dependeth the whole Matter; and in- 
 deed here lieth the dijfficulty, becaufe the 
 <jentlemenhxoug\M up under theConnivance 
 of aloofer Difcipline, and of an eafier ad- 
 mittance, will take it heavily to be redu- 
 ced within the Fetters of fuch a !<Jew Model; 
 and I conclude, they will be extremely 
 averfc to that which they call an unreafo- 
 nable Yoke upon ihem, that their Original 
 Confent is never to be expedited. But if it 
 appeareth to be convenient, and w^hich is 
 more, that it is neceffary for the Prefcrva- 
 tion of the whole, that it fnould be fo ; the 
 Government muft be call'd in Aid to Tup- 
 prefs thefe firft Boilings of Difcontent; the 
 Rules muft be impofed with fuch Autho- 
 rity, and the Execution of them muft bsfo 
 well fupported, that by degrees their Impa- 
 tience will beSubdued,and they will concur 
 
 y 4 in 
 
p 8 A %o\i^^ Vrau^bt 
 
 in an Eftabliihment ro which they will eve- 
 ry day be more reconciled. 
 
 They will find it will takeaway theOb- 
 je(3:ions which are now thrown upon them, 
 of ferting up for Mafters without having 
 ever been Apprentices ; or at lealt, without 
 having ("erved out their Time. 
 
 Mankind narurally fwellcth againft Fa- 
 vour and Partiality ; their belief of rheir 
 own Ment maketh Men object them to a 
 profperous Competitor, even when there 
 is no pretence for it; but when there is 
 the leaft handle offered, to be fure it will be 
 taken. So, in this Caie, when a Gtntleman 
 is preferred at Sea^ the Tarpaulin is very apt 
 to impute it to Friend or Favour ; But if 
 that GentUiran hach before his Preferment 
 pafled through all the Steps which lead to 
 ir, that he Ihieileth as much of Pitch and 
 Tjr, as thofe that were Swadled in Sail- 
 death ; his having an Efcutcheon will be lo 
 far from doing him harm, that it will let 
 him upon the advantage Ground : It will 
 draw a real RclpccS to his Quality when fo 
 fupportcd, and give him an Influence and 
 Authority infinitely lupcrior to that which 
 the meer- Seamen can never pretend to. 
 
 When 
 
of a TSLew M^del at Sea, 1694. ^29 
 
 When a Gentleman hach learned how to 
 Ohey^ he will grow very much fitter to 
 Command', his own Memory will advife 
 him not to inflict too rigorous Puniihments. 
 He will better refift the Temptations of Au- 
 thority (which are great) when he refleA- 
 eth how much he hath at other times wifti- 
 ed it might be gently exercifed, when he 
 was liable to the Rigor of it. 
 
 When the undiftinguifh'd Difcipline of a 
 Ship hath tamed the young Mafterfliip, 
 which is apt to arife from a Gentleman^ 
 Birth and Education ; He then groweth 
 Proud in the right place, and valueth him- 
 felf firft upon knowing his Duty, and then 
 upon doing it. 
 
 In plain Englifl), Men of Quality in their 
 feveral Degrees muft either reftore rhem- 
 felves to a better Opinion, both for Mora- 
 lity and Diligence, or elle Qj^ality it felf will 
 be in danger of being extinguiflied. 
 
 The Original Gentleman is almoft loft in 
 ftridnefs, when Poftetity doth not ftill fur- 
 ther adorn by their Virtue the Efcutche- 
 on their Anceftors firft got for them by 
 their Merit; they deferve the Penalty of be- 
 ing deprived of it. 
 
 To exped: that Qjiality alone fliould waft 
 Men up into Places and Imployments^ is 
 as unreafonable, as to think that a Ship, 
 
 becaule 
 
J ^ o A '^ti^h Draught 
 
 becaufe it is Carved and Guilded, (hould 
 be fie to go to Sea without Sails or Tackling, 
 But when a Gentleman maketh no other ul'c 
 of his duality, than to incite him the more 
 to his Duty, it will give luch a true and 
 fettled Superiority^ as muft deftroy all Com- 
 petition from thofe that are below him. 
 
 It is time now to go to the Probationary 
 Qualifications of^nOficer at Sea: And I 
 have fome to offer, which I have digeftcd 
 in my Thoughts, I hope Impartially, that 
 they may not be Speculative Notions, but 
 things eaficand practicable, if the directing 
 Powers will give due Countenance and En- 
 couragement to rhc Execution of them : 
 But vvhilft I am going about to fet them 
 down, though this little Ejfay was made to 
 no other End, than to introduce them, I 
 am upon better RccoUcdtion, induced to 
 put a rcftrainc upon my fclf, and rather 
 rctradt the Promife I made at the begin- 
 ning, than by advifmg the particular Me- 
 thods, by which I conceive the good EnJ 
 that is aimed ac may be obtained, to incur 
 the Imputation of the thing of the World, 
 of which I would leaft be guilty, which is 
 cf anticipating, by my privacc Opinion, 
 the Judgment of the Parliament, or fecm- 
 iiig our of my (lender Stock of Rcafon to 
 didate to che Suprcam Wildomof the Na- 
 tion- 
 
of a New Model at Sea^ 1 694. ^51 
 
 tion. They will> no doubt, confider the 
 prefent Eftabhfliments for Difcipline ^tSea^ 
 which are many of them very good, and 
 if well executed, might go a great way 
 in the prefent Queftion. But I will not 
 fay they are fo perfect, but that other may 
 be added to make them more effedlual, and 
 that fome more Supplemental Expedients 
 may be neceffary to compleat what is yet 
 defective : And whenever the Parliament 
 fhall think fit to take this Matter into their 
 Confideration , I am fure they will not 
 wane for their Diredion,the Auxiliary Rea- 
 fons of any Man without Doors, much lefs 
 of one, whofe Thoughts are fo entirely 
 and unaffectedly refigned to whatever they 
 fliall determine in this, or any thing elfc re- 
 lating to thePublick. 
 
 MAXIMS 
 
MAXIMS 
 
 O F 
 
 STATE. 
 
 By a late Perfon of Honour. 
 
 ^. r"* ^\ ."^^ 
 y''. s^. ^\ 
 
 m 
 
 L K V N: 
 Printed in the Year 1704 
 
??5 
 
 MAXIMS 
 
 O F 
 
 S TA T E 
 
 I. nf^ HAT a Prince who falleth out 
 i with LawSy breaketh with his 
 "^ bed Friends, 
 
 z. That the exalting his own Authority 
 above his Laws^ is like letting in his £;;^- 
 my to Surprize his Guards. The Laws are 
 the only Guards he can be fure will never 
 run away from him. 
 
 3. A Prince that will fay he can clo no 
 Good, except he may do every thing; 
 teacheth the People to fay, They are Slaves^ 
 if they muft not do whatever they have 
 a mind to. 
 
 4, That 
 
^ ^ 6 Maxims of State. 
 
 4. That Power and L'tlerty arc like Heat 
 and Moijhre ; where they are well mixr, 
 every thing proipers ; where they are fingle, 
 they are dcfttudlive. 
 
 5. That Arbitrary Power is like moft 
 other things, that are very hard, they are 
 alio very apt to break. 
 
 6. That the Profit of Places fliould be 
 meafured as they are more or lefs conducing 
 to iho Publkk Service ; and if Bufinefs is 
 more neceflary than Splendor, the Inftru- 
 ment of it ought in Proportion to be better 
 paid ; that the contrary Method is as im- 
 pertinent, as it would be to lee the Car- 
 ving of a Ship coft more than all the reft 
 
 of It. 
 
 7. That where the lead uleful parr of 
 the People have the moft Credit with the 
 Prince^ Men will conclude, That the way 
 to get every thing, is to be good for no- 
 thing. 
 
 8. That an extravagant Gift to one Man, 
 raifeth the Market to every body clfe ; lb 
 that inconlequcncc, the unlimited Bounty 
 of nn unthinking Prince makerh him a Beg- 
 gar^ let him ha\c never to much Money. 
 
 9. That if ordinary Begc;ars are IVhippJ^ 
 the daily Beggars in fine Cloarhs (out of a 
 proportionable Rcfpect to ivxn Qj^ality) 
 ought to be IlangcL 
 
 10. That 
 
Maxims of State. 537 
 
 10. That pr^Je is as loud a Beggar as 
 Want, and a great deal more Sawcy. 
 
 11. That a Prwcey who will give more 
 to Importunity than Merit, had as good fet 
 out a Proclamation to all his Loving Sub- 
 je<9:s, forbidding them to do well, upon the 
 Penalty of being undone by it. 
 
 12. That a wife Prince will not oblige 
 his Courtiers J who are Birds of Prey^ fo as 
 to difoblige his People^ who are Beajls of 
 Burthen. 
 
 13. That it is fafer for a Prince to Judge 
 of Men by what they do to one another, 
 than that they do to him. 
 
 14. That itisagrofs Miftake to think, 
 That a Knave between Man and Man, can 
 be honeft to a King, whom of all other Men 
 generally they make the lead Scruple to 
 deceive. 
 
 15-. That a Prince who can ever truft'the 
 Man that hath once deceived him, Icfeth 
 the Right of being Faithfully dealt with by 
 any other Perfon. 
 
 16. That it IS, not ppfTible for a Prince 
 to find out fuch an Honeft Knauc, as will 
 let no body elfe Cheat him. 
 
 17. That if a Prince does not (liew an 
 AverfiOn to Knaves, there will be an Infe- 
 rence that will be very Natural, let it be 
 never fo Unmannerly. 
 
 Z 18. That 
 
^ ^ 8 Xfnxnus of Sfc-i^r. 
 
 - ■ 
 
 1 8. Than a Prince who toiloweth his own 
 Opinion coo loon, is in dar.ger of repenring 
 ic too late. 
 
 19. That ic is Icfs Dangerous for a 
 Prince to mind coo much what the People 
 lay, than coo httle. 
 
 20. Thac che Prince is to cake care that 
 the greacer parr of the People may not be 
 angry at the lanie time; for chough the 
 firit beginning of their /'7/2'?//77^i^/-f!iould be 
 againft one another, yet if not ilopr, ic 
 Will naturally end in Anger againft him. 
 
 21. Thac if Princes ^'ou\d Reflect how 
 much they arc in the Power of their Mini- 
 Jhrs^ they would be more circumfpedl in 
 the Choice of them. 
 
 22. That a wile Prince will fupport good 
 Scivanrs againft Men's Anger, and not fiip- 
 fjort ill ones againft their Complaint. 
 
 23. Thac Parties in a 5fj/(? generally, 
 like FrtC'booters, hang out Falfe Colours ; the 
 preccnce is chc Pdlick Good -^ the real Bufi- 
 rtejs ill, to cacch Prizes ; like che Tartars^ 
 where ever chey ibccccd, inftcad of Impro- 
 ving their lltUry, they prefently fall upon 
 t'.ie Bazji^a2C. 
 
 24. Tnac a Pr'iKcc may play lb long be- 
 tvvee.i Tivo Parties. c!iac they may in time 
 i)yn together, andb: inearneft with him. 
 
 2<. That 
 
ht.xnns of ^Hate. i \ .) 
 
 25. That there is more Dignity in open 
 Violence^ than va the imskiliul Cunrrrrig of a 
 Prince^ who gocth about to Impoje upon 
 the People^ 
 
 x6. That the Fcopk will ever fiifpcc!: 
 the Remedies for the Difeajes of the ^/^^/^r, 
 where they arc wholly excluded from feeing 
 how they are prepared. 
 
 x/. That changing i/^Wj- without chan- 
 ging MeafureSy\s as if a Drunkard in 2^Dropfey 
 fliould change his Doctors and not his 
 Dyet: 
 
 28. That a Fri^^c^ is to watch that his 
 Reafon may not be fo fubdued by hv^Nature^ 
 as not to be fo much a Man of Peace , as 
 to be a Jeft in an Army ; nor fo much a Mafi 
 of War, as to be out of his Element in his 
 Council 
 
 29. That a Man who cannot mind his 
 own Bufinefsy is not to be trufied vvuh ib.c 
 Kings, 
 
 30. That Qualify alone (hould only llrve 
 to make a flievv in the Embroidered part of 
 the Government ; but that IgnGra>Ke.^ lhoiJ:;ii 
 never fo well born, fliould never be adnnr- 
 ted to fpoil the Puhlick EiAfwefs, 
 
 31. That he who thinks his Place below' 
 him, will certainly be below his Place. 
 
 3 X. That when Princes Examples ccafeth 
 to have the force of a Law, it is a furc 
 
 Z 2 fign 
 
^40 Maxmis of State. 
 
 fign that his Power is wafting, and that 
 there is but little diftance between Men's 
 neglcding to Imitate , and their refufing 
 to Obey. 
 
 :{3. That a People may let a King fall, 
 yet ftill remain a People; but if a King let 
 his People flip from him, he is no longer 
 King. 
 
 A LETTER 
 
?4 
 
 A Letter fent by his Lordjhi^ 
 to Charles Cotton, Efqmrey 
 upon his New Tranjlation and 
 Dedication of Montaigne/ 
 Effap. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I Have coo long delay'd my Thanks to 
 you for giving me fuch an obliging 
 Evidence of your Rememhrance : Thac 
 alone would have been a welcome Prefent^ 
 but when joyn'd withtheB(?c^in the World 
 I am the belt entertained with, it raifeth a 
 ftrong defire in me to be better k^owity 
 where I am fure to be fo much pkafeJ, I 
 have till now thought H^it could not be 
 Tranjlated, and do (till retain fo much of 
 that Opinion, that I believe it impoflTiblc, 
 except by one whofe Genius cometh up ro 
 that of the Author. You have fo kept the 
 Ongin^\ Strength of his Thought, thac it 
 almoft tempts a Man to believe the Tranf 
 migration oi Souls, and that his being us'd 
 to Hills y is come into the Moor- Lands iq 
 Reward us here in England, for do:n^. him 
 
34- ^ Letter to C Coccon, 
 
 more Righc than his Country will ariord 
 b.im. He hath by your means mended his 
 Iirft Eilition: To crani plant and make 
 him ours, is nor only a Valuable Acquifttion 
 to us, bur a Juft Cenjureo^ the Critical Im- 
 pcrtiYience of thofc French Scr'tllers wlio 
 have taken pain^i to make little Cavils and 
 Except 10)15^ to Icflen the Reputation of this 
 Great M.v7y whom N?.rure hath made too 
 big to Confine himlcij <o the Exadnels of 
 a .Studied Stile. He let his Mind have its 
 full Flighty and fliewechby a generous kind 
 of Negl/geffce that he did not Write for 
 Praifc, buc to give to the World a true 
 Picture of himlelf and of Mankind. He 
 Scorned Affected Periods, or to plcafe the 
 mii^akeu Reader with an empty Chime of 
 Words. He ha:h no Affetinion to fet him- 
 Iclf out, and dcpendcth wholly upon the 
 hhitural Force of what is his own, and the 
 Excellent Application of what he borrow- 
 cch. 
 
 You fee, Sir, I have kindncfs enough 
 for Morifieur de Montaigne to be your Rivals 
 but no body can pretend to be in equal 
 Competition with you : I do wilUngly yield, 
 whic'i is no fmall matter for a Man to do to 
 a more profpcrous leaver ; and if you will 
 repijy ciiis pit:cc cf Juilice wich another, 
 
 pray 
 
A Letter to C. Cotton, E/q-^ ^45 
 
 pray believe, chat he who can tranflate 
 fuch an Author without doing him wrong, 
 mull not only make mc Glad but Proud of 
 being his 
 
 Very Humble Servant^ 
 
 Hallifax. 
 
 4 Sacell 
 
 urn 
 
345 
 
 Sacellum Jppllmare. 
 
 A 
 
 Funeral POEM 
 
 T O T H E 
 
 MEMORY 
 
 OF THAT 
 
 Great Patriot and Statefman, 
 
 GEORGE^ 
 
 Marquifs of HALLIFAX. 
 
 As HEAVEN itSeirson£w/>/re's 
 AxisRoU'd, 
 (For Godhead's but Dominion Uncon- 
 troul d ; . 
 
 So 
 
;j4^ ^ F/^?/p;*^/ 'Pct/^z, &:c. 
 
 SothcCrowndHeaJ, the Sublunary JOFE, 
 Docs, in his Loyal Ori of G/(7ry, move • 
 With all his Bolts of Fate, in his High^Poft 
 Of Sovereign Powr^ the Weildcd Thunder 
 
 boaft. 
 But» in the highcft tow'ring Flight of^. 
 
 KINGS, 
 'Tis the Great Statefman plumes their Ea- 
 gles Wings ; 
 They move the Great MACHINE,//^ 
 
 Sets the Springs, 
 And thus, whilft Pregnant E MP IRE*s 
 
 Lahonring Heady 
 With lomc vaft Off- ff ring Teems ; the Statef- 
 
 tnanS Aid, 
 To bring the Fair Divine Minerva forth, 
 Is caird the Great Lucina to the Birth. 
 Wifdom and Counfel ! 'Tis their Min'ftring 
 
 Ray, 
 Thofc Bright C R O W N-G^;//;, Cheer th. 
 
 Imperial Sway : 
 
 The 
 
A Funer^J Toe^n &c. 3 47 
 
 The Harmony of WORLDS is only Theirs. 
 Empire but Guides, 'cis They chat Tune the 
 
 6pheres. 
 Couftjel^ in Church or State, the Warmth^y 
 
 Whom 
 Aaron s and Mofess Budding Wands both 
 
 B!oom : 
 Thus xMONARCHY, what, tho' She^ 
 
 Reigns Alone^ 
 'Tis by her ^r^«^-Eyes She Guards her 
 
 Throne : 
 Her Lights an Hundred, tho' her Hands 
 
 but One. 
 
 OfthoreRichZ./gi!7/5, Giq2lI HALLIFAX 
 
 ftiin'd there ; 
 In Powrs whole (LonfleUation^ None more 
 
 Fair : 
 In Qalms or Storms, in every varying Gale^ 
 The Furl d, theHoyfted, or the Slacken d 
 
 Sail ,• 
 
 The 
 
54^ A Funeral Toem, &c. 
 
 The Helm to Manage, or the Mates to 
 
 Cheer, 
 No P Hot' Hand coyxd ever worthier Steer : 
 TRUST, the Magnetick Load- Star of his 
 
 Soul ; 
 And FAITH, and ZEAL, his UeedUs to 
 
 the Pole. 
 
 The Studied World ^^s his Long Theam^ 
 and All 
 The Politick Movements of the Mighty 
 
 Ball: 
 
 Yes, t\\t Old World Uq, had Fathom'd o're 
 and o're ; 
 
 Nay, had there been yet Unknown Glohe*s 
 
 t explore, 
 To give that Head^thzt Reach^ thofe Depths, 
 
 their Due, 
 He'd flood a Fair Columhus^ for the Mew. 
 
 In 
 
A Funeral Toem, Sec- ^ 49 
 
 In SENATES, There, with all his 
 Brighteji Beams, 
 Not Michael, to th' Embattl'd Seraphims^ 
 A Mightier LeaJing CHIEF : Oraculous 
 
 Senfe: 
 Vidorious Right ! Amazing Eloquence I 
 All from that cleared Organ fweetly Sung ; 
 
 From that bold EN GLISHC/C£/?0's 
 
 Silver Tongue, 
 Well might Great TRUTH, and Genuine 
 
 Jujlice flow ; 
 
 For he look'd UpwarJ.^htn he Tz^kiBelowy 
 
 ^Pto ASTR^A, Heaven's tranflated 
 Pridcj 
 
 Her Righteous Bal/ance his Gtc^t Stan Jar J 
 Guide. 
 
 In Redrefs'd Wrongs, and SuccoUf'd 
 ^^ghts APPEAL, 
 No Hand, in the Judiciary Scale, 
 
 More 
 
MoreWeigh'd andPois'd,than HALLIFAX 
 
 alone ; 
 Ev'n Half the Great TrihunaU'^^L^ his Own. 
 Bur, in that more Exalted Pj//-/(?/-Caufe, 
 The Moulding of thofe Stamps Imfenal^ 
 
 Laws ; 
 Then, when the whole Divirtitj of Powr^ 
 In \\QiCoIletlive StreHgtb^i\\2X Lab'r ingHour^ 
 In her All- wife Confulting ProviJertcCj 
 Sits,fomeNew ¥z\t Creations to Commence; 
 lnt[\2iz I/igb Work^ for the Great FIAt 
 
 Fixr, 
 No Hand liJ;c His, the Sovereign ELE- 
 MENTS mixt. 
 
 This FamM GAMALIEL in the Great 
 
 State Schools^ 
 Thus by unerring PRUDENCE Sacred 
 
 Rules, 
 
 No 
 
A Fioicra! ^oem^ &c. ^ 5 i 
 
 N6 wonder, on chic CarcCml Hinge He 
 
 mov'd ; 
 In Powr Craft Skill'd, that Bold Arts^MaJler 
 
 proved : 
 The Great Performing Fart He had Study'd 
 
 thro' ; 
 And no lefs learnt the Greater Duty tod. 
 The PMick Spirit^ and the A^ive Soul^ 
 More lively iVarmthy than e're Promethetis 
 
 ftole, 
 ThofeC)!^^w^/(7«jbothof£^r//7 and Heav'ns 
 
 Juft Right, 
 Bound by their Great Indenture tripatite^ 
 Their equally divided FAITH mud bring. 
 Betwixt their GOD, their 0^«/ry, and their 
 
 King, 
 
 In Povor and Truft, thro' his whole Lifers 
 long Scene, 
 Never did Honour wear a Hand more Clean : 
 
 He 
 
^ 5 ^ ^ F>ineral Tocm^ &c. 
 
 He from the Ifrael- Prophet's Copy drew ; 
 The Suppliant Naaman for his Grace might 
 
 Sue. 
 Dijlrefsy 'tis true, his Succour ne'r cou d 
 
 lack 
 
 But then her Laded Chariots muft go Back- 
 No Syrian Brihe s^^as on his Shoulders worn ; 
 That Tainted Robe fuch TRUTH and 
 
 VIRTUE Scorn. 
 Thus, hke the Eden Pair, Why is Truth 
 
 drawn 
 A Naked Beauty, in Tranfparent Lawn > 
 Yes, tiil her hnocence, for Impious Gold, 
 That Tempting, Falfe Hesperian Jpple,So\d; 
 'Tis from diat Fall, Original Blujhes came : 
 'Twasthcn She wantcJ Fig-Leaves for her 
 
 Shame. 
 A Briie I That mod loathed Thof^^ht ! Ev*n 
 
 his whole Roof, 
 His humblcfl: Ulaua^s, i*i;t Tcmptatioa- 
 
 Proof, 
 
 CSo 
 
A Funeral Toem^ &c. ; 5 ^ 
 
 ( So Fair their Leading LORD'S Example 
 
 (lands) 
 Oblige with Frank Full Hearts, but Empty 
 
 Hands. 
 His Favours in that Generous Current run. 
 As Providence vouchfafes her Rain and Sun. 
 His Favours Cheaper ev'n than Heavns 
 
 Conferred : 
 For, though, like Heavn, rh' Imploring 
 
 Prayr H(? heard ; 
 Yet no Tkankfgiving Offerings Returned : 
 To his Kind GRACE, no GumSy not In- 
 
 cenfe burn'd. 
 Ay, and 'twas Nobly Brave! What can 
 
 more high, 
 Than an Unmerccnary Greatnefs fly > 
 If ought his Obligations mull Dctray, 
 He rather choie that Heavn^ than M:in 
 fliould Pay: 
 
 A a ^es 
 
2 ^ :i A Funeral ^Voan, »^c. 
 
 Yes, vricli a Fair Jwiu/on, Juft Difda'tn, 
 Scorn'd Icfs chan JOVE, hisGoldenShoivrs 
 
 fhou'd Rain- 
 And well fo High, that FairAmhition towr'd > 
 For HALIFAX To 5c(7r«V, and JOVE 
 
 \^o Skowrd: 
 V/luJU thac vaft Affluence Warm'd bis r////;- 
 
 'T\\\ l-.is i?ic/7 Gkle, and Ir^jir^ Harvejl- 
 
 Pile, 
 Willi chat Increafc^x\\:ii^ MHky Canaan flovv'd : 
 /^rrt/]p(?r//yclius Reaped, where /^"/W.v^ Sovv'd. 
 
 NATURE and FORTUNE, here, boch 
 R.vals joynM. 
 Wiuch CO their Doling fl A L I FA A; 
 
 more kind, 
 Should heap the Ampler Alajs: Natf^rP. 
 
 her more t 
 
 Prf!/^,\ and Furtu>ie\i\ \\ct Courfer Oar, ^ 
 T Uc iVur/cl hat SmiFd, where I/favjj had I 
 
 SiriFd before. J 
 
 Great 
 
A VumrA Toem, &c 2 ^ ^ 
 
 - 
 
 Great Blefings, wh^n hy Greattr MERIT 
 
 fhar'd, 
 (Noc Vrovidencc^ Gift, but her Reward,) 
 Are all Heavn's Faired Blazon, Nobleft 
 
 Pride ; 
 Th' Eternal D 1 S P E N S AT I O N Juftif/J, 
 The Righteous Dijlrihution ought no lefs : 
 So Great 'cis to Deferve^ and then Pcjfefs, 
 
 Nor in Proud Courts^ nor Siates alone, 
 that Great 
 Dilator! Evnin the DESPOTIC Seat, 
 In his own narrower Domejlkk Sway^ 
 His HoufhoU S^cn Penates deck: fo Gay* 
 To VICEjIike Hannllal toj?(/w^,that Sworn 
 Eternal /b^^ and VIRTUE^s Chaivpion born / 
 To his own Filial Nurferj, fo Kind 
 A FATHER, with thofe Leading I ights 
 
 HeShin'd: 
 HONOUR, fo Lovely by that Pencil drawn, 
 The Early Phofphor to their Morning Dawn - 
 A a X S<3 
 
^)6 A Funeral Tocw.. &c. 
 
 So Fam'd his equally Paternal Care, 
 
 * His M> X' Inftrua the Great, and to A- 
 
 *vics to a 
 
 Djughter. dom thc * Fair. 
 
 Thus beauty's Toilet fprcad fo all Di- 
 
 vine, 
 Her Cahinet^Gems (b furniilit from That 
 
 MINE; 
 The Virgin^ and the Bridal Corotiet^ 
 Were by Kind HALIFAX ^o richly 
 
 Sec ; 
 VIRTUE and INNOCENCE at that full 
 
 View, 
 As ev n th' Original E^eft LanJfcape drew . 
 All her whole Hierarchy of Graces ; not 
 0;ie leaftEnameird Heavenly Spark rorgot ; 
 Each Star in the whole Feminine Renown^ 
 From Cajfiopxas CHAIR, to Ariadne^ 
 
 CROWN. 
 
 In 
 
A Funeral ^oem^ &c. j 5 7 
 
 In the Rich Furniture of that Fair MIND^ 
 
 Thofe ciaziing InteSedualGr^es fliin d, I 
 
 To draw the Love and Homage of Man- 1 
 
 kind ; J 
 
 Nothing cou'd more than his firm PRIEND- 
 SHli^ Charm: 
 
 Ckearftd, as Bridal-Songs j as Souih-SunSj 
 
 Warm ; 
 And Fixt^ as Northertt-StZTS - When e'rc 
 
 He deign'd 
 The Solemn Honour of his Plighted HanJy 
 He (lood a more than Second Tjlades ; 
 UHJhaken^ as Immiitalk DECREES, 
 
 But whilft thefe \2.{iPerfedions\ Recount, 
 The Heights to which thofe Soaring Glories 
 
 mount : 
 My Mttje thus rapt into thdiiChearful Sphere ; 
 Is this her Wailing Dirge ? her Funerd Tear ? 
 For his ^j^ DEATH, to Draw his Ghriom 
 
 LIFE! 
 Paint Lights for Shades, and Ext j^ fie s for 
 
 Grief! A a 3 Arc 
 
558 A Funeral foem, &c. 
 
 Are thefe the Melancholy Rites She brings, 
 Fit A/rs to Tune the Mournful theme She 
 
 Sings ! 
 Yes, the True Mourners in th* Hifiorian 
 
 PJay'd : 
 What's Prefent Grief, hwtVz^i Delight D\{' 
 
 play'd : 
 Counting what once wasO/^rj, we need no 
 
 more ; 
 To Sura th' Enjoymenty docs the Lofs De- 
 plore. 
 
 Bcfides, What all our S^hle Cavalcade, 
 To the Great DEAD, our Darkeft Funeral 
 
 Shade ^, 
 
 T Illuftriousr/r/w^,Grief's an£^>Dcbr; 
 
 Her Glorious Amulet but Cheaply S 
 
 She finds the Diamond^ and ^Ve the Ji 
 
 Vlhcn J^earfii^g, iVifdom, Eloquence ^Ex-^^ 
 pirc, 
 
 And the Great SOULS, (Sparks of Ce- i 
 
 Icjllal ri:e ) I 
 
 Jkck to thcif Elemental Source Retire : j 
 
 To 
 
 EaJieDQhr;! 
 yly Set : > 
 the fet, \ 
 
A Funeral ^oem^Scc. 559 
 
 To fuch Rich DUST, in vain we Pyramids 
 
 Rear ; 
 For Maufolaums are but Pageants there. 
 What's a poor Short- livM Pile of Crumbling 
 
 Earthy 
 AMouldWingTomh, x! ApoUinary WORTH > 
 Worthy that fo far from fuch a Ifarrow Bound, 
 Spreads a Large Field \ moves th' Univerfal 
 
 Round! 
 Fills every tongue\T\iW%'wh^l no CZr;; con- 
 tains, 
 The Worlds the Casket to thofe Great R E- 
 MAINS. 
 
 Nor let Poetick Vanity Rehearfe 
 Her Boafted Dreams ^ Her Miracles of 
 
 VERSE: 
 Think, in fome poor Recorded EPITAPH^ 
 That fliallow Page of Brafs^ or Marlle 
 
 leaf; 
 Or in fome more Fcluwincm Folio Pile, 
 A Davideisy or Arthurs Swearing Toil, 
 
 A a 4 Some 
 
5^0 A Funer.fl Toem, &c. 
 
 Some Sacred WORTHY*s Deaihlefs Fame 
 t' Enftal ; 
 
 Raised by her LyreSy like the Old Theian 
 
 Wall. 
 No; when Great NAMES ne'r Dye, That 
 
 Work alone, 
 Is all a Fair Creation of their Own, 
 True GLORY Shines by her Ou>» Lighted 
 
 Beam : 
 'Tis not the Mi^fess Song^ but Mufes 
 THE AM: 
 
 When in Great HALIFAX, WIT's 
 
 Pantheon fell, 
 And Death now huflitthat Silenc'd ORA- 
 CLE; 
 
 From Fair Elizas Hallow'd * Ileli- 
 fir i^ckooi c(?«-VValls, 
 Mcthinks I hear a Fatal Summon calls : 
 
 When, lo! ihc Delphnk* SEER, 
 
 ' Dr. Pus- t n J 
 
 hy, ir,jrf that Reverend Bara^ 
 
 y.,i Zy. or Sacred Literatures rich K^/^w/, 
 prepared Th 
 
A Fu'iernl ^oem, 8cc i^i 
 
 TW Expiring HALIFAX, in Death to 
 
 wait. 
 
 No lefs Attendant on his Funeral State, 
 Fate to that ever Honour d HEAD cou'i 
 
 owe : 
 LEARNING it felf muft (hake, at fuch a 
 
 Blow, 
 
 But, tho' with all this Mtne of Learmng 
 ftor'd; 
 
 He Livdy and DyV, no Niggard of that 
 
 Hoard: 
 
 Witnefs his own /(?w Pious Foiin- * ^" ^''^ 
 
 ^ School Foun- 
 
 ded* PileSy dations. 
 
 WlKre Nurrur'd ARTS, by his Aufpkious 
 
 Sinilcs, 
 Tune their Toung Voices to the Mufes Song, 
 Nerv'd by his HAND lo Books md Virtue^ 
 
 (Irong. 
 
 Thus, as th' Old Ifrael Patriarchy to his 
 once 
 
 Iliuftriousfwe/x/^jH E to his Hundred Son^^ 
 
 His 
 
7 6i A Funeral ^oem^ &cc. 
 
 His Fruhful CHARITY^s Adopted Race, 
 (With all his Tendered Diffujtve Grace,') 
 Doals, with a true Paterftal Glory Ctown'd^ 
 His Livifig and his Dying Blefling round. 
 Yes, from that//j«^, i\\q Scatter d Bread. 
 muft fall ; z' 
 
 He Furnifhes thofe Numerous Pencils, all 
 To Copy from his Great Original : ) 
 
 Refolv'd, if pofilble, Refolv'd t' I.Jpire, 
 To this Toung Nurfery, his Cheri/h'd Choir. 
 His own RichSoul^thcitTranfmigratedFire. 
 
 But, why ( if 'cis not a too Bold Offence, 
 To dare Expojlulate with O M N I P O- 
 
 TENCE,) 
 Why fliould Prodigious Worth, from th' 
 
 Orl it warm'd, 
 Snatch'd from the Soil it Cheriflit, Eyes it 
 
 charm'd, 
 From its Deferted Charge, unkindly Fly, 
 Quit the Earth it Blcft, Impoveriih Pfir/^i, 
 
 and Dye? 
 
A Funeral Toenty Sec. 565 
 
 No^theKind Heavens^ in Mercy,to Rebate 
 That Mighty LofSythc too keen EJge of Fate^ 
 Have circled Firti4e in a Fence foHigh, "V 
 As (lands fo fafe^it knows not how toDiej; 
 But founds its own Proud Immortality. 
 For, as fome Lofty CeJary long had ftood 
 The Land' mark of the Flain^ and Glory of 
 
 the Wood; 
 Till the Dread foice of Fate^ Heaven s An- 
 gry Blafi, 
 The Bolt of the Deftroying thunder caft, 
 All the tall PRIDE lies Faln.~Ytt ttill 
 
 fome Shooty 
 Some tender 5c;f» from the Sacred ROOT, 
 By its Ntitriwental PARENT Succours fed. 
 Springs, Grows, Spreads, Flouriflies ; till 
 
 th' Uprear'd Heady 
 Dos's t' all its Great Original HEIGHTS 
 
 improve, 
 A Second Fearch for the Fair Bird of 
 
 jorE. 
 
 So 
 
?64 W Funeral ^oem^ &c. 
 
 So may Great HALL I FAX Himfelf 
 Survive ^ 
 Thus Fa!l^ and thus his Deathlefs Virtues 
 
 Live : 
 LIVE iahis Fair SUCCESSION, 
 
 ever Bleft ; 
 Whirft //o«(?«r Builds its own Rkh PHJE- 
 
 mx Nca. 
 
 F I N I S. 
 
i