O miNCETON. N. J. Lynd : ^' It is designed to set forth symbolically the doctrine of redemption through the death of Christ for our offenses, and his resurrection for our justification, and also our faith in this doctrine. ... Of this promi- 204 DESIGN OF BAPTISM. nent fact in relation to redemption, baptism is a memorial; and not only a memorial, but a voluntary- demonstration upon our part of our faith in liis resur- rection for our justification. It is, in fact, the outward development of internal faith in this doctrine/^ Section 2. Curtis: " Baptism is not merely retrospective, but also pro- spective; not only a profession of the past, but a promise and a pledge of things yet future; and hence its im- portant bearing on the Christian to the very end of life.^' — Progress of Baptist Principles ^ page 221. Dr. Adam Clark : " If there be no resurrection of the dead, those who, in becoming Christians, expose themselves to all man- ner of privations, severe sufferings, and a violent death, can have no compensation, nor any motive sufficient to induce them to expose themselves to such miseries. But as they receive baptism as an emblem of death, in voluntarily going under the water, so they receive it as an emblem of the resurrection and eternal life in com- ing np out of the water. - Thus they are baptized for the dead, in perfect faith of the resurrection.^' — Quoted by Dr. Lynd, Design of Baptism ^ page 31. Williams : " The ordinance of baptism, like some of the other ordinances to which we have alluded, while it com- memorates, also typifies and promises. . . ..So baptism, while it commemorates the burial and resurrection of •Jesus, typifies and pledges our resurrection from the grave. This I take to be the import of 1 Cor. xv : 29 : ^ Else what shall they do which are baptized for APPENDIX. 205 the dead, if the dead rise not at all? Why are they then , baptized for the dead?^ Remember, in this chapter the apostle labors to prove the resurrection from tlie dead — an event denied by- some in the Corin- thian Church. He uses, first, the argument drawn from the acknowledged resurrection of Christ. These two events, accordiug to Paul, were associated together as cause and eifect, and they stood or fell together. The one could not be denied without the other being denied. He draws, secondly, an argument from ba})tism ; as if he had said : ^ Your denial of the resurrection, in effect, is a denial of the resurrection of Christ. Then you make baptism a ridiculous farce. You have commemorated an event that never occurred. You have been baptized on account of Oue that still sleeps in the grave ; and if the dead rise not at all, as you say, your baptism has no meaning. It is a resurrection in type; but what signifies a type if there be no anti- type?' " And, now, how important does baptism appear under this view ! Every newly converted person is required in this rite to bear witness to the resurrection of Jesus. He believes in his heart that God has raised Christ from the dead (Rom. x : 9), and now he declares his faith in action ; and when he remembers that God never gives a pledge he does not redeem, how delight- fully should he accept of this pledge ! Standing in the water, with his soul full of faith in the resurrection of Jesus, and of hope of his own future resurrection, how cheerfully can he submit to be buried in it, and raised again when he feels that in the same act he com- memorates the one and ty])ifies the other !'^ — Exposition of Camphellism, pages 34:9, 350. 206 DESIGN OF BAPTISM. H Corresponds with " Concluding Reflections/^ under Chapter VIII. Section 3. Dr. J. M. Pendleton, meeting the as- sumption of Dr. Summers that, '^ on grounds of con- venience and congruity, (sprinkling) is greatly pref- erable^' to immersion, says: " The congruity of the action of baptism must arise from the fitness of that action to represent the facts emblematically set forth in baptism ; and what are these facts? The burial and resurrection of Christ — the believer's death to sin and resurrection to newness of life. Baptism symbolizes these facts, and has also an anticipatory reference to the resurrection of the saints on the last day, as we learn from 1 Cor. xv : 29. (See Adam Clark's comment in loco.) It doubtless has this reference, because the resurrection of Christ is the procuring cause and the certain pledge of the resurrec- tion of his followers. Kow, if baptism represents these facts, it must be immersion. '^ — Review of Dr. Sum- mers on Baptism, Christian Repositoryy vol. i, January, 1853, page 57. Section 4. Dr. Owen : " There is nothing in religion that hath any efficacy for compassing an end but it hath it from God's appointment of it to that purpose. God may in his wisdom appoint, and accept of, ordinances and duties unto one end which he will refuse and reject when they are applied to another. To do any thing ap- pointed unto an end without aiming at that end, is no better than the not doing it at all; in some cases, much APPENDIX. 207 worse." — Quoted in the Encyclopedia of Heligious KnowledgCj under the head of Design of Baptism, page 185. Dr. Daniel Dana. The following remarks of this learned and candid author on changing '^ the Lord's Supper/' in his review of Chapin's essay on sacramental use of wine, are equally appropriate to baptism, which is a positive institution : " Who sees not,'' says he, " that in regard to positive t divine institutions, our duty is equally plain and im-'i perious — the duty of unqualified, implicit submission?' Here all a priori reasonings are out of place ; all objec- tions are palpably fallacious, and every plan, and every thought of chancre or modification ought to be resisted with horror. The positive institutions of heaven are emphatically trials, both of our faith and our obedience. They bring home the question whether we will submit our understanding to the divine guidance, as well as our will to the divine pleasure. To oppose them is to dispute infinite authority. To attempt their improve- ment is to prefer our ignorance to the wisdom of heaven. To dispense with them, or any of them, is to repeal the laws of the Sovereign of the Universe." — Quoted by Dr. Graves, in his Introductory Keview of Stuart on Baptism J page 31. Dr. J. L. Reynolds : " Baptism is a positive institution. . . . Positive in- stitutions derive their validity solely from the authority of the Lawgiver. They are obligatory, because he has made them so ; and they are valid only in the form in which he has thought fit to appoint them. To mutilate or abridge them is not simply to modify but to subvert them. ... To alter the ordinance or substitute any 208 DESIGN OF BAPTISM. tiling else in its place, is not to obey the command of Christ, and such a procedure involves either a reflection upon his wisdom, or a contempt of his authority." — Church Polity, pages 148, 149. Section 5. Dr. Lynd, speaking of the farther sig- nificance of baptism, says : ^^ This is giving ourselves to the Lord, and not to his people, which we afterward do according to God's will, when we unite with them in a church capacity. It is important to keep the idea of 'the kingdom of God,' or ^the kingdom of heaven,' distinct from that of an organized congregation of believers, or a church. The terms are never used as identical. The kingdom of Jesus Christ has no visible organization ; it is com- posed of multitudes already in heaven, with believers on earth. To become members of a church, we must first be formally recognized by Jesus Christ as the sub- jects of his spiritual kingdom, in the ordinance of bap- tism. In primitive times, baptized believers were called ^the saved ;' and it is said the Lord added to th6 church daily — the saved, not * such as should be saved.' Baptism has a much more important design than that of being a door into a Christian congrega- tion." Dr. Reynolds: ^^A church is composed of baptized believers. Bap- tism is indispensable to their admission into it, but it does not make them church-members." — Church Polity y pages 146, 147. Section 6. Calvin, speaking of infants, says : " The grace of adoption is sealed in their flesh by baptism ; otherwise Anabaptists would be right in ex- APPENDIX. 209 eluding them from baptism." — Quoted by Hinton, History of Baptism, page 344. Presbyterian Confession of Faith : " Baptism is a sacrament of the New Testament, or- dained by Jesus Christ, not only for the solemn admis- sion of the party baptized into the visible church, but also to be unto him a sign and seal of the covenant of grace, of his engrafting into Christ, of regeneration, of remission of sins, and of his giving up unto God, through Jesus Christ, to walk in newness of life." — Quoted by Hinton, History of Baptism, page 342. Dwight, speaking of baptism, says : " Here the sign is the seal of God, set by his own authority upon those who, in this world, are visibly his children. It has all the properties mentioned above, and is possessed of more efficacy than can be easily comprehended, and incomparably more than is usually mistrusted, to keep Christians united, alive and active in the great duties of religion, and in the great interests of the churcli of God." — Works, vol. iv, page 309. Confession of Faith of Church of Scotland, prepared chiefly by John Knox, and adopted in 1560, holds the following language : " The vanity of those who affirm that the sacraments are mere signs, we entirely condemn. Nay, rather, we firmly believe that by baptism we are inserted into Jesus Christ, and are made partakers of his righteous- ness, by which all our sins are covered and remitted." — Chase on Baptismal Regeneration, in his work on the Design of Baptism, pages 187, 188. Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England. The 18 210 DESIGN OF BAPTISM. same author quotes the twenty-seventh of the Thirty- nine Articles^ adopted in 1562, as follows: " Baptism is not only a sign of profession and mark of difference whereby Christian men are discerned from others that be not christened, but is also a sign of re- generation or new birth, whereby, as by an instrument, they that receive baptism rightly are grafted into the Church ; the promises of the forgiveness of sin, and of our ado})tion to be the sons of God by the Holy Ghost, are visibly signed and sealed/^ — Design of Baptism, page 188. Neander says : "But when, now, on the one hand, the doctrine of the corruption and guilt cleaving to human nature, in consequence of the first transgression, was reduced to a more precise and systematic form, and on the other, from the want of duly distinguishing between what is outward and what Is inward in baptism (the baptism by water, and the baptism by the Spirit), the error be- came more firmly established, that without external bap- tism no one could be delivered from that inherent guilt, could'be saved from the everlasting punishment that threatened him, or raised to eternal life ; and when the notion of a magical influence, a charm connected with the sacraments continually gained ground, the theory was finally evolved of the unconditional necessity of infant baptism. About the middle of the third century this theory was already generally admitted in the North African Church." — History of the CJiristian Re- ligion and Church, vol i, page 313. John Wesley, in his comment on the New Testa- ment, page 350 : ^' Baptism administered to real penitents is both a APPENDIX. 211 means and a seal of pardon. Nor did God ordinarily, in the primitive church, bestow this (pardon) on any, unless through this means/^ — Quoted by Dr. Fuller, Baptism and the Terms of Communion^ page 86. Dr. Crawford : '^ The position which baptism occupies in the gospel scheme has been a matter of dispute ever since men began to confound the sign with the thing signified, the profession with the reality. Especially have mis- takes on this point been rife, and pregnant with un- numbered evils, since men, departing from the sim- ple teachings of Revelation, have invented a theory which, without precept or example in the word of God to sustain it, changes baptism from a profession of grace experienced and allegiance pledged, and makes it either an oims — operation — by which actual regeneration is produced, or a seal of a promise (which God never made) which exists only in the superstitious notions of the conscious actors in the solemn farce." — Essay on the Remission of Sins, pages 58, 59. The quotations under this last section have been in- troduced for the purpose of showing the justice and propriety of the discussion under the corresponding section of the main work. GEO. E. STEVENS & CO.. PUBLISHEES, BOOKSELLEES & STATIONERS, 39 WEST FOURTH ST., CINCINNATI, OHIO, Will send by mail, postage paid, to any address, any of the follow- ing VAiiUABiiE Books, at the price aflixed. CBTTDEX'S CONDEXSEn CONCORDANCE. A Complete Con- cordance to the Holy Scriptures. By Alexander Critden'. Re- vised and re-edited by the Rev. Davib King, LL.D. Octavo, sheep $2 00 The condensation of tlie quotations of Scripture, arranged under tho most obvious heads, while it diminishes the bulk of the work, greatly facilitates the find- ing of any required passage. MACKETT'S ILLUSTJtATIOXS OF SCRIPTIJRE. Suggested by a Tour tlirough the Holy Land. With nu^iierous Illustrations. A new, improved, and enlarged edition. By H. B. Hackett, D. D., Prof, of Biblical Literature in the Newton Theological Institution. 12mo., cloth U 50 Prof. Hackett's accuracy is proverbial. "We can rely on his statements with confidence, which is in itself a pleasure. He knows and appreciates the wants of readers; explains the texts which need explanation; 'gives life-like pictures, and charms while he instructs. — N. Y. Observer. MAZCOM'S NEW BIBLE DICTIONARY of the most impor- tant Names, Objects, and Terms found in the Holy Scriptures; in- tended principally for Sabbath-school Teachers and Bible Classes. By Howard Malcojt, D. D., late President of Lewisburg Uni- versity, Pa. IGmo., cloth $1 25 B®" The former Dictionary, of which more than one hundred thousand copies were sold, is made the basis of the present work. KITTO'S HISTORY OF PALESTINE, from the Patriarchal Age to the Present Time ; with Chapters on the Geography and Natural History of the Country, the Customs and Institutions of the He- brews. By John Kitto, D. D. With upwards of two hundred il- lustrations. 12mo., cloth 81 75 B®" A work admirably adapted to the Family, the Sabbath, and the week-day School Library. THE BIBLE; ITS DIVINE ORIGIN AND INSPIRATION; Deduced from Internal Evidence, and the Testimonies of Nature, History, and Science. By L. Gaussen, D.D. New and Revised Edition, with Analysis and Topical Index. 12mo., cloth $1 75 Every lover of the Divine Word should possess this book. SPURGEON'S SERMONS. Eight volumes now published. Per volume ?1 50 GRACE TRUMAN, OR LOVE AND PRINCIPLE. «1 50 "A book for every Baptist." Oeo. E. Stevens & Co., WHOLESALE AND RETAIL No. 39 West Pourtli Street, Cincinnati, 0. O. E. S. «fe CO. call attention to their well-assorted stock of Books and Stationery. Their established reputation and long experience guarantee faithful and Intelligent dealing witli their customers. Boolibuyers will find upon their shelves a select stock of Standard Works in every department of Literature. History, Poetry, Sci- ence, Belles-Lettres, &c., are well represented. All New Publica- tions are promptly received. Parties residing at a distance from, the city will find it very much to their advantage to correspond with G. E. S. & Co., in reference to whatever they may wish in their line. Particular attention is given to supplying College, Society, and Private Libraries. To Purchasers for Libraries, Professional men, Teachers, and Students, liberal terms are offered. Every va- riety of Stationery, Blank Books, Writing Papei'S and Envelopes will be furnished at the lowest rates. THEOI.OGICAI. BOOKS. G E. S.&Co. pay special attention to the Department of Tlieological and Religious Boolts. A liberal dis- count is always made to Ministers and Library Committees. All Books of established value are kept on hand, and new issues are constantly arriving. Letters of inquiry in regard to prices will receive cheerful and prompt attention. Catalogues sent to any address when desired. Ministers visiting the city are invited to examine our stock. SUNOAY-SCHOOIi BOOKS. G, E. S. & Co. have constantly on hand a large supply of all the popular Sabbath-school Music Books, Question Books. Testaments, Reward Cards, Church Music Books, and an endless vai-iety of books suitable for Sabbath-school Libraries is constantly on their shelves, including issues of all the different Societies and private publishers. Superintendents or com- mittees not able to visit the city, can have tlieir Libraries replen- ished by forwarding catalogues of boolis already in their possession, and designating the amount to be expended. Bibles and Hymn-Books are tept in great Tariety. Teachers and Students will find it advantageous to order Educa- tional Books, Works of Reference, and whatever they need for thoi'ough work in their studies. A complete stock of Text-books is kept, and they are furnished on most favorable terms. The Public are requested to call and examine our Stock; or, if nnable to visit Cincinnati, to communicate with us by letter. All orders will receive prompt attention, and information of the prices at which articles can be furnished will be cheerfully given. Pack- ages can be sent C. O. D. to any Express Office. Geo, E, Stevens & Co,, No. 39 West Fourth Street, Cincinnati, O. ^^A Book for the llillion!^^ CHURCH COMMUNION: As Practiced by the Baptists, Explained and Defended. BY W. W. GARDNER, PROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY IN BETHEL COLLEGE, RUSSELLVILLE, KT. REVISED EDITION — SEVENTH THOUSAND. A handsome 12mo volume of 300 pages, printed on excellent paper, in large, open type, and substantially bound in cloth. Published for the Author by Geo. E. Stevens & Co., Cincinnati, O. ; and for sale by Gould & Lincoln, Boston ; Sheldon & Co., New York; Sherrill & Son, Louisville, Ky. ; J. J. & S. P. Richards, Atlanta, Ga. ; Southwestern Pub- lishing Company, Memphis, Tenn. ; Starke & Ryland, Rich- mond, Ya. ; A3IERIc.A^^ Baptist Publication Society, Philadel- phia, and by Booksellers generally. PRICE ONLY ONE DOLLAR For single copy, with liberal deductions to dealers, by the quan- tity. No hooks let out on commission or taken back. A single cojpy sent by mail, post paid, to any pari of the United States, on receipt of $1.25. All orders promptly filled. Packages sent C. 0. D. to any express office designated. All orders and remittances must be addressed to GEO. E. STEVENS & CO., JVb. iS9 W. Fourth St., Cincinnati, O., Giving specific directions as to shipping. All monies should be Bent by Drafts, Postal Orders, or by Express. 1 on. Handbook of Baptist History, By D. B. ray, of Lexington, Ky. The "Succession" is a convenient handbook of Baptist history. First, It answers the objections to Baptist antiquity. Second, It points out the most direct line of Baptist suc- cession up to the apostolic age. Third, It shows that the Baptist peculiarities are sus- tained by the Word of God. Fourth, It is the collection of reliable authorities neces- sary to defend the Baptist claims. Fifth, It contains an account of the dreadful persecutions waged against the Baptists. Sixth. "It is the Book op Baptist History for the People. Baptist Succession is a book of 467 pages, on good paper, well bound, and is sent by mail, post-paid, single copy, at $2, ^ ^ » For terms and directions to agents, address GEO. E. STEYENS & CO., PuMisliers, CUVCINNA-TI, OHIO, ;-•1#i^■,. .'. . :^..