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 :xercises in commemoration 
 of the one hundred and 
 

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1734- 1909 
 
 Exercises in 
 Commemoration of 
 the One Hundred 
 and Seventy-fifth 
 Anniversary 
 
 Silver Spring 
 Presbyte rian Church 
 
 CUMBERLAND COUNTY 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Thursday, August 5, 1909 
 2.00 P. M. 
 
PASTOR. 
 Rev. T. J. Ferguson. 
 
 ELDERS. 
 
 W. Jay Meily, 
 M. S. Miimma, 
 A. L. Brubaker. 
 
 TRUSTEES. 
 
 John C. Parker, 
 Wm. Bryson, 
 George Mumper, 
 Vance C. McCormick 
 Levi Bricker, 
 Samuel Lindsey, 
 E. E. Lower, 
 W. Jay Meily, 
 M. S. Mumma. 
 
PROGRAM 
 
 The Pastor, Rev. T. J. Ferguson, presiding 
 
 Invocation Rev. George H. Bucher 
 
 Reading of Scripture Rev. Thomas C. McCarrell 
 
 HYMN. 
 
 God of Bethel, by whose hand 
 
 Thy people still are fed, 
 Who through this weary pilgrimage 
 
 Hast all our fathers led. 
 
 Our vows, our prayers, we now present 
 
 Before Thy throne of grace ; 
 God of our Fathers be the God 
 
 Of their succeeding race. 
 
 Such blessings from Thy gracious hand 
 
 Our humble prayers implore ; 
 And Thou shalt be our chosen God, 
 
 And portion evermore. 
 
 A Word of Welcome by the Pastor. 
 
 History of Silver Spring Church. . . .E. Rankin Huston 
 
 Solo, "Just as I Am,"— Hawley. . Mrs. Wilbur F. Harris 
 
 The Eaily Patriots of Silver Spring J. Zeamer 
 
 Solo, "But the Lord Is Mindful of His Own," 
 
 (St. Paul), Mendelssohn. .Mrs. Roy G. Cox 
 
 At'dress Rev. J. Ritchie Smith, D. D. 
 
 Duet, "?Tark ! Hark ! My Soul,"— Shelley 
 
 Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Cox 
 
 (3) 
 
Address Hon. Edwin S. Stuart, 
 
 Governor of Pennsylvania 
 
 HYMN. 
 
 All hail the power of Jesus name 
 
 Let angels prostrate fall; 
 Bring forth the royal diadem, 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 Let every kindred, every tribe, 
 
 On this terrestrial ball 
 To Him all majesty ascribe 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 0, that with yonder sacred throng 
 
 We at his feet may fall ; 
 We'll join the everlasting song 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 Prayer Rev. R. G. Ferguson, D. D. 
 
 Benediction Rev. Thomas C. McCarrell 
 
EXERCISES IN COMMEIVIORATION OF THE ONE 
 HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-FIFTH ANNIVER- 
 SARY OF SILVER SPRING CHURCH. 
 
 Thursday, August 5, 1909, at two p. m., the mem- 
 bers of the Silver Spring Church and their friends as- 
 sembled in the Silver Spring Woods to celebrate the 
 one hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the or- 
 ganization of the Church. 
 
 The anniversary services commenced promptly at 
 two o'clock in the Church auditorium, but the con- 
 gregation was so large as to crowd the auditorium 
 uncomfortably — in fact, even to the point of danger. 
 An adjournment was therefore taken to re-assemble 
 under the trees between the Church and the Memorial 
 Chapel. 
 
 The Pastor of the Church presided. He intro- 
 duced the Rev. George H. Bueher, Pennington, N. J., 
 who offered the prayer of invocation. This prayer 
 was as follows : 
 
 "0 God of our fathers ! We rejoice that we are per- 
 mitted in Thy good providence this day to gather 
 around the hearthstone where our fathers worshipped 
 Thee, to offer unto Thee grateful and glad praise for 
 all Thy goodness toward us, toward our families and 
 toward Thy Church in the years that have gone by. 
 Thou ehangest not. We rejoice in this truth that we 
 are creaiures of change. The centuries pass and the 
 generations follow one another. Our fathers wor- 
 shipped Thee here and they have gone to their re- 
 ward. We trust that in Thy good providence Thou 
 wilt spare and bless this Church, that in coming years 
 coming generations shall worship Thee here. We 
 thank Thee that Thou art the unchangeable God, the 
 Eternal One; and grant unto us a sense of the pre- 
 ciousness of eternal things this day, and while we 
 love this life that is constantly filled with change, 
 may we be filled with that power and love that 
 changeth not and our hearts be drawn unto the beau- 
 tiful place where Thou, our Saviour, art seated at 
 
 (5) 
 
the right hand of God. Direct us in the services of 
 this hour; give unto us, we pray Thee, the hearts that 
 shall respond to all the appeals that may be made to 
 us, and may we go forth from this service of re- 
 membrance with a new loyalty and a new courage 
 for our Master's service; and direct and help us as 
 we meet and join together in the prayer that Thou 
 hast taught us, Our Father, who art in heaven, hal- 
 lowed be Thy name. Thy kingdom come. Thy will be 
 done on earth, as it is in heaven. Give us this day our 
 daily bread. And forgive us our debts, as we forgive 
 our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but 
 deliver us from evil ; for Thine is the kingdom, and the 
 power, and the glory, forever, and ever. Amen." 
 
 The Chairman then introduced the Rev. Thomas C. 
 MeCarrell, pastor of the Mechanicsburg Presby- 
 terian Church, who read the eighty-fourth Psalm. 
 
 The Congregation then sang the hymn, "0 God of 
 Bethel, By Whose Hand." 
 
 God of Bethel, by whose hand 
 
 Thy people still are fed, 
 ^^^lO through this weary pilgrimage 
 
 Hast all our fathers led. 
 
 Our vows, our prayers, we now present 
 
 Before Thy throne of grace; 
 God of our Fathers be the God 
 
 Of their succeeding race. 
 
 Such blessings from Thy gracious hand 
 
 Our humble prayers implore; 
 And Thou shalt be our chosen God, 
 
 And portion evermore. 
 
 The Chairman then delivered an address of wel- 
 come, as follows: 
 
 "Friends of Silver Spring: — My people have given 
 me the pleasant privilege of introducing this service 
 with a word of greeting. In their name I bid you 
 welcomy to Silver Spring to-day to these hallowed 
 and histtrie grounds to enjoy to-day's exercises, and 
 later to our hospitality. 
 
 "We feel honored by your presence, and especially 
 
 (6) 
 
in that 3'our company includes our trusted and be- 
 loved Governor, and we bid you a very hearty wel- 
 come. 
 
 "Some of you can claim this place in a sense that 
 others of us cannot, and I recognize that this place 
 is yours as well as ours. Some of you go back to the 
 days when these foundations were laid to the honor 
 and glory of God, and yet there is a sense in which 
 all of a^i. can claim it, as the foundation of all that 
 we enjoy in Church and State to-day. 
 
 "There were three things we had in mind when we 
 decided to arrange for this day of pleasure, and the 
 first was the thought of the day of pleasure. It will 
 be a day full of precious memories to all of us. And, 
 in the second place, the Old Home Week with the 
 home-coming seems to be one of the things that is 
 recognized in our American life, and so we desired 
 to welcome some of you to the scenes of your child- 
 hood ; others, to the sacred place where your fathers 
 worshiped God, and still others who can trace your 
 ancestry back to the earliest days of this Church, 
 when the father of our country was unknown, an in- 
 fant known only to admiring parents and a few 
 friends and neighbors, to the time when this beautiful 
 Cumberland Valley was simply a wilderness. When 
 there were no roadways, and the way of travel was 
 marked by blazed trees. 
 
 "Third. We desired to commemorate the heroic 
 deeds of our ancestry. Macaulay says: 'A people 
 which takes no pride in the noble achievements of re- 
 mote ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to 
 be remembered with pride by remote descendants.' 
 
 "The men and women who laid the foundation of 
 this Church were brave men and women. There were 
 perils on all sides, but they stood in their lot, and 
 served their generation and laid all succeeding gen- 
 erations under obligations to them. 
 
 "Celebrations of early events are appropriate and 
 wise, and especially those of a religious character — 
 not only because of the importance of religion in the 
 lives of men, but also that to this principle we owe 
 our American liberty and independence. Our fathers 
 preached and prayed and fought this land through 
 the days of settlement and of revolution. They loved 
 
 (7) 
 
the Church of God, and its life and worship was 
 prominent in their lives, and made them what they 
 were — b'-ave, courageous and patriotic. 
 
 "It is well for us to go back in thought to those 
 early days and recall their faith and courage, and 
 devotion to their country, that we may not be too 
 much puffed up by our modern progress and ad- 
 vantages of life, and lose a proper appreciation of 
 what was done before us, and for us, under condi- 
 tions and limitations that could only be overcome 
 by faith in God, courage, patriotism and a together- 
 ness. 
 
 "I have no sympathy with those who say that in 
 either Church or State the first days were better than 
 these. Neither with those who would belittle or ridi- 
 cule the noble men and women who laid foundations; 
 but rather would we recognize their virtues and 
 acknowledge the debt of gratitude we owe to them. 
 
 "Let us have the spirit of the Roman mothers who 
 trained their children in the presence of the busts of 
 their ancestors, and taught them never to rest satis- 
 fied whil&t the virtues and victories of the past were 
 more numerous or more glorious than those of the 
 present. May such inspiration come to us to-day as 
 we recall the heroism of those who have given to us 
 a noble history! Again, I bid you welcome to these 
 historic grounds, to the shade of these stately oaks 
 that have sheltered your fathers, to the pleasures of 
 these exercises, and to our hospitality! I assure you 
 of the pleasure of your presence." 
 
 The Chairman introduced the next speaker, as fol- 
 lows: 
 
 "We will proceed with the programme, and the first 
 in order to follow this word of greeting and welcome 
 is the history of Silver Spring Church, by Mr. E, 
 Rankin Huston, Mechanicsburg, Pa., whose family 
 name is connected with the entire history of this 
 Church. He has asked his pastor, Rev. Mr. McCar- 
 rell, who has an eloquent tongue, to read his paper 
 for him." 
 
 REV. T. C. McCARRELL: "It would be a splendid 
 thing if a lot more preachers would get their laymen 
 to write their sermons for them." 
 (8) 
 
1734—1909 
 
 HISTORY OF SILVER SPRING CHURCH. 
 
 By E. Rankin Huston. 
 
 Among the primitive Presbyterian churches, that at 
 Silver Spring claims priority. The first adventurers 
 who went up the Cumberland Valley were Indian 
 traders, who took with them articles of traffic. These 
 traders did not fail to give it a name and reputation, 
 and curiosity soon prompted others to follow. In 
 1728-30 some Irish and Scotch adventurers crossed 
 the Susquehanna river at Paxtang and commenced 
 settlement in this valley. They were persevering and 
 adventurous, and the wilds of the Cumberland Valley, 
 as far as the eye could reach, beheld nothing but a 
 vast wilderness, but their quick penetration observed 
 its natural beauties, its advantages and the fertility 
 of its soil. They did not stand upon the banks of the 
 Susquehanna debating the advantages to be derived 
 from making it their home, or the risk they were tak- 
 ing upon themselves in doing so, but plunged boldly 
 down into the valley and called it their own. They 
 found it peopled with dusky warriors and their fam- 
 ilies who received them with open arms, and the golden 
 hues of hope for the future lightened their cares, and 
 made their privations no longer a burden. The church 
 at Silvers' Spring was first known about 1734 as "the 
 people OA er the Susquehanna." Afterwards, 1736, as 
 connected with the congregation at Carlisle, it was 
 known as the "Lower part of the settlement of Cono- 
 doguinet " Still later, 1739, we find it designated as 
 "Lower Pennsborough." The name which it now 
 bears was received at an early date, and is accounted 
 for by the fact that the land around near where the 
 church edifice now stands was originally owned by 
 James Silvers, one of the first settlers in that sec- 
 tion, not taking into consideration the location of In- 
 dian traders such as Letort, Chartiers and others, to 
 
 (9) 
 
the west of the Susquehanna. Among the earliest 
 permanent settlers in the Cumberland Valley was 
 James Silvers, a native of the north of Ireland, who, 
 from a hotter written by James Steel to the Proprie- 
 taries Secretary, James Logan, appears to have gone 
 "over the Sasquahannah" in 1724. Under date of 
 "11th, 12 mo., 1724-5." This was no doubt the James 
 Silver who located at the sjaring bearing his name and 
 whose lands was among the earliest surveys in the 
 Cumber!. -aid Valley. He seems to have been a person 
 of prominence in the valley; a man of indomitable en- 
 terprise and courage. His descendants have all dis- 
 appeared from this locality. He owned a tract of 532 
 acres, which extended north as far as the Conodo- 
 guinet eieek. For some reason, probably from a re- 
 gard to convenience, nearly all the old Presbyterian 
 churches in the Cumberland Valley were erected near 
 a sprint-, and from their location derived their name. 
 As the lands west of the Susquehanna Avere not pur- 
 chased by the Proprietary of Pennsylvania from the 
 Indians before October, 1736, the land ofifiee was not 
 open for the sale of them under existing laws, and the 
 settlemer.ts made on such lands before their purchase 
 were by special license to individuals from Samuel 
 Blumston, or other proprietary agents, and of limited 
 number. After the office was open, however, for the 
 unrestricted sale of lands at the close of 1736, the 
 applications and grants multiplied, and the influx of 
 settlers from Lancaster county, Ireland and Scotland 
 was great for several succeeding years, nearly all of 
 whom wore Presbyterians. Thus by energy and in- 
 trepidity which cannot be looked for except among 
 men schooled by difficulties and accustomed to perils, 
 was possession taken by our pioneer ancestry of this 
 rich and beautiful valley, which their descendants now 
 inhabit. 
 
 Among some of the main reasons the salubrity of 
 its climate and the fertility of its soil stand promi- 
 nent. How changed the scene! How different an 
 aspect this universally-admired region now wears 
 from that which it presented one hundred and seventy- 
 five years ago when it stood in its wildness and 
 gloom ! 
 
 The mniutes of Donegal Presbytery show that their 
 
 (10) 
 
first meowing was held October 11, 1732, and it was not 
 long after their organization until they sent ministers 
 across the Susuuehanna. At a meeting October 16, 
 1734, thf^y licensed Mr. Alexander Craighead and ap- 
 pomted him to preach "over the Susquehanna River" 
 two or three Sabbaths in November. This is the first 
 record of preaching west of the Susquehanna. There 
 was no church and the exact spot where the first con- 
 gregation worshiped cannot be told as it is known only 
 by the recording angel. That was before a public road 
 was laid out through the valley. The Lancaster 
 county c(mrt records show that on November 4, 1735, 
 a commission consisting of six men was appointed, 
 among whom was James Silvers, to lay out a road 
 from Harris' ferry toward the Potomac River. On 
 February 3, 1736, they reported, but their views were 
 opposed by a considerable number, and another set of 
 viewers was appointed, who reported May 4, 1736, 
 that part of the road was very crooked and therefore 
 altered and marked it, and that road is very nearly 
 identical with the present turnpike. Rev. Alexander 
 Craighead was early introduced into the ministry un- 
 der his lather, and on April 4, 1735, was again ap- 
 pointed "to supply said people for the next two en- 
 suing Scibbaths." 
 
 June 10, 1735, Rev. William Bertram, of Paxton, 
 was ordered "to supply the people over the river two 
 Sabbatht." September 3, 1735, Rev. Alexander Craig- 
 head was ordered to supply "the people of the 
 Conodoguinet or beyond the Susquehanna, two Sab- 
 baths," and reported at the next meeting of the 
 Presbytery that he did not have time to prepare for 
 same. Afterward he received a call from a congrega- 
 tion in Lancaster county, and from there moved to 
 Virginia, then to North Carolina, where he died March, 
 1760, much respected and beloved. At as early a 
 period as 1742, while residing in Lancaster county, 
 he published such advanced sentiments on the sub- 
 ject of political freedom that he incurred the dis- 
 pleasure of the Governor of the Province, and also of 
 his fellow ministers; so they finally removed to North 
 Carolina, where his opinions and teachings were said 
 to have leen more influential than those of any other 
 mdividual in the final production of the celebrated 
 
 (11) 
 
Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence. October 
 7, 1735, Rev. Thomas Craighead, father of Alex. 
 Craighead, was appointed to supply "the people of 
 the Conodoguinet three Sabbaths and give two Sab- 
 baths to the upper end of said people." He received 
 and accepted a call from the people of Hopewell, but 
 his pastorate there, however, was of short duration. 
 On one occasion (near the close of April, 1739) he 
 became exhausted and hastened to pronounce the 
 benediction, exclaimed, "Farewell! Farewell!" and 
 sank do^\n and expired. His remains are reported to 
 repose under the present house of worship at New- 
 ville. 
 
 The next pastor was Rev. John Thompson, who, on 
 Decembe" 10, 1735, was appointed to supply "the 
 people -^f the Conodoguinet three Sabbahs and give 
 two Sabbaths to the upper part of said people." The 
 history of these two congregations at that time was 
 almost the same. They were divided into an upper 
 and lower settlement. April 14, 1736, Mr. Thompson 
 reported to Presbytery that he did not fulfill his ap- 
 pointment by reason of the severity of the winter and 
 scarcity of provision in those parts. April 14, 1736, 
 Rev. Samuel Gelston was ordered to supply four Sab- 
 baths at Conodoguinet, and his report shows that he 
 filled these appointments and was again ordered to 
 preach there the second Sabbath in September. This 
 was a period of great scarcity of money and provision. 
 Paxton congregation employed a pastor for sixty 
 pounds, one-half in money, balance in hay, flax, yarn 
 or cloth. This church united with Monagan in a call 
 for a minister, who declined their call, for three hun- 
 dred and twenty-five bushels of wheat. April 6, 1737, 
 Rev. Mr Sankey was ordered to supply at Conodo- 
 guinet the first two Sabbaths in May. The name of 
 this people was then changed from Conodoguinet to 
 Pennsbo-ough, as the valley was divided at Newville, 
 Avest of which was Hopewell, while that portion east 
 to the river was called Pennsborough. November 17, 
 1737, Rev. Samuel Thompson was ordered to Penns- 
 borough lor four Sabbaths. He received a call from 
 this congregation June 29, 1738, and was ordained as 
 the first regular pastor. He has born in Ireland and 
 continued in this charge until March 26, 1745, when 
 
 (12) 
 
on account of ill health he was released. November 
 14, 1749. he went to reside at Great Conewago, Adams 
 county, Avhere he was installed as pastor. In 1779 he 
 resigned his charge on account of his infirmities, after 
 a ministry of forty-six years. He died April, 1787, 
 and was buried in the churchyard at Hunterstown. He 
 had at least one son, William, who was sent to Eng- 
 land for his education and there took the orders as a 
 minister of the Episcopal church. He was then sent 
 to this country, was the rector of St. John's church 
 in Carlisle and was eminently useful in ministering to 
 the people of Cumberland and York counties during 
 the Indian wars. June 14, 1748, a call was presented 
 to Rev. Mr. Tate, which he declined. On April 4, 1749, 
 a call to Presbytery for Rev. Samuel Cavon was ac- 
 cepted and he was installed August 5, 1749. He was 
 from Templera, County Tyrone, Ireland, and prior to 
 coming here had been pastor at Chambersburg and 
 Greenca'-lle. His pastorate was of short duration, as 
 he died November 9, 1750, the insci'iption on his tomb- 
 stone in that burial-ground shows, in the 49th year 
 of his age. The records of Donegal Presbytery, cover- 
 ing the [)eriod from 1750 to August, 1759, have been 
 lost, and no record of this church can be found. In 
 1760 the church was vacant. In 1764, forty-two mem- 
 bers of this chui'ch and Carlisle (the writer's great- 
 grandfather being one of this number) united in a 
 call and gave their promissory note for one hundred 
 and fifty pounds annually to the Rev. John Steel, who 
 continued in charge until he died. He resigned the 
 Lower Pennsborough part of the charge several years 
 before hi.-^ death. He came to Carlisle in 1758 from 
 West Conocoeheague, where he had been in the midst 
 of the perils of Indian depredations, which were then 
 so terrible that not unfrequently the inhabitants were 
 obliged to quit their habitations and crowd into the 
 more settled parts of the province. The people never 
 assembled for worship without being fully equipped 
 and watched by sentries against surprise. Que of the 
 meeting houses in which Mr. Steel preached was forti- 
 fied as a fort, and after a while was burned to the 
 ground. A number of whole families under his charge 
 were barbarously murdered. Such was his courage 
 and skill that he was chosen to be the captain of the 
 (13) 
 
company formed among the settlers, and several ex- 
 peditions are mentioned under his command. In Penn- 
 sylvania Archives, vol. II, page 601, will be found a 
 copy of his commission as captain of a company in 
 the pay ff the Province during the French and Indian 
 war, dated March 25, 1756. The disorders incident 
 to the period of the Revolutionary war broke up his 
 more peaceful occupation. His well-known intrepidity 
 and pubUe spirit were more than once called into 
 public service in repressing some popular commotion. 
 In February, 1768, he was commissioned by Governor 
 John Penn to visit certain families who settled in the 
 western part of the state contrary to law, and in- 
 duce them to remove peaceably. The mission was not 
 altogether successful, but was performed on his part 
 to the satisfaction of the civil authorities. During the 
 pending of measures for asserting the rights of the 
 colonies against the mother-country, he sjTiipathized 
 ardently with the patriots. A large meeting was held 
 in Carlisle, July 12, 1774, in which the boldest senti- 
 ments were avowed and active measures taken to de- 
 fend their rights. Of the companies formed, that which 
 was in the lead was under the command of the Rev. 
 Captain John Steel. He was, however, too far ad- 
 vanced in years for protracted service as a soldier, 
 and we have no evidence that he was much in the 
 field. The common title of "Reverend Captain," which 
 was given him by popular voice, was never a reproach, 
 for he was never known to act unworthily of either 
 part of the designation. Many, indeed, were the 
 changes he witnessed during a long and useful career; 
 but the common lot of humanity was his, and he now 
 "sleeps the sleep that knows no waking" in the old 
 cemetery in Carlisle, where once the lordly savage 
 roamed and made the dim old woods echo with his 
 whoop, many, many years ago. He died August, 1779, 
 leaving a reputation for stern integrity, zeal for what 
 he deemed truth and righteousness, and a high sense 
 of honor. It is a significant fact that nearly every 
 Presbyterian minister in the Cumberland Valley, and 
 indeed in this country, was an ardent patriot in the 
 war for independence. He could scarcely have been 
 different, descended as he was from a Scotch-Irish 
 ancestry, who in Scotland, Ireland and in this country 
 
 (14) 
 
were ever foremost in their resistance to all forms of 
 oppression and in the maintenance of civil and re- 
 ligious liberty. 
 
 April 9, 1782, Pennsborough and Monaghan united 
 in a call to the Rev. Samuel Waugh, which was ac- 
 cepted, and he continued as pastor until his death 
 January 3, 1807. He was the first native American 
 pastor this congregation had; was born in Adams 
 county. Pa.; graduated at Princeton College, and was 
 licensed by Donegal Presbytery. April 14, 1783, he 
 was married to Eliza Hoge, daughter of David Hoge, 
 Esq., a highly respected and influential citizen, from 
 whom the place called Hogestown derived its name, 
 years be tore it became a village, because he and his 
 relatives resided there, as proprietors of a large tract 
 of land. It was about the beginning of Mr. Waugh's 
 labors there that the name of East Pennsborough was 
 dropped and the church was known as Silver's Spring. 
 The settlement was emphatically a settlement of sub- 
 stantial people, who required preaching in the Eng- 
 lish language, and aecordmg to the Presbyterian form 
 and faith. The churches which now exist were un- 
 heard of at that time. At Harrisburg there was no 
 settled minister until 1787; and, the Susquehanna be- 
 ing in the way and not at all times safe to cross in 
 ferry boats, from Middlesex — three miles from Car- 
 lisle — to Harrisburg the people attended Silvers 
 Spring, as they did also from an equal distance north 
 and south. 
 
 The Rev. John Hays was Mr, Waugh's successor 
 in the charge made vacant by his decease. He grad- 
 uated at Dickinson College in 1805, and was instructor 
 in that institution from 1805 to 1807, when he was 
 elected professor of languages, which position he held 
 until he became pastor of this church and Monaghan 
 in 1808. May 6, 1814, he resigned on account of ill 
 health, and went to Cumberland, Md. He was a poet 
 of considerable ability, and in 1807, when he was pro- 
 fessor in Dickinson College, published a volume en- 
 titled "Rural Poems Moral and Descriptive." The 
 same mysterious power, which often chastens out of 
 plentitude of love, called him on September 4, 1815, 
 by a voice gentle and meek from the sorrows of his 
 earthly estate to the joyous assembly of the just. 
 
 (15) 
 
After Mr. Hays' resignation the Rev. Henry Wilson, 
 who wa? born near Gettysburg, graduated at Dickin- 
 son College and, licensed to preach the gospel by the 
 Carlisle Presbytery, became pastor. From 1806 to 
 September 22, 1814, he had been a professor at Dick- 
 inson College, when he came to minister to this peo- 
 ple. November 30, 1823, he preached his farewell 
 sermon, having received a call from the church at 
 Shippensburg. He died March 22, 1849, in Philadel- 
 phia, and was buried at Hartsville, Bucks County, 
 among the people whom he had last served. 
 
 Rev. James Williamson was Mr. Wilson's successor. 
 He was born at Newville, Pa., 1795; graduated at 
 Washington College in 1817; ordained by the Presby- 
 tery of Luzerne June, 1821 ; became pastor at Silver 
 Spring 1824, and continued in that relation until 
 April 21, 1833, when he received a call from Milton, 
 Pa, October 31, 1838, Rev. George Morris, a foreign 
 licentiate from Scotland and under the care of Phila- 
 delphia Presbytery, was called. He was imbued with 
 Scotch i'leas, and never became familiar with Ameri- 
 can habits, manners and customs. His pastorate 
 ended in 1860, when he was called to Mansfield, Ohio ; 
 from there he went to Baltimore, where he died in 
 1883. December 10, 1860, a call was made to Rev. W. 
 H. Dinsmore, which was accepted. He was born in 
 Oreen county. Pa. ; graduated at Princeton College 
 and Theological Seminary. His pastorate terminated 
 here April, 1865. While pastor, he labored for some 
 time for the Christian Commission among the soldiers 
 in North Carolina. He died May 26, 1877, while pastor 
 at Deerfield, N. J. During the spring of 1861 a vaca- 
 tion of three months was granted to Rev. Mr. Dins- 
 more, and Rev. John S. Stewart, a graduate of Prince- 
 ton Seminary, was elected to supply that period. Rev. 
 Mr. Dinsmore was succeeded by Rev. W. G. Hillman, 
 who began his pastorate April 17, 1866. Mr. Hillman 
 was born in Darthmont, Devonshire, England; grad- 
 uated at Plymouth College, and after preaching a few 
 years in England came to America. He remained at 
 Silver Spring until October, 1867; went west, and died 
 in Jefferson, Iowa, November 2, 1882. Rev, W. B, Mc- 
 Kee was Mr. Hillman's successor. He was born in 
 Boalsburg, Pa., and graduated at the Western Theo- 
 
 (16) 
 
logical Seminary in 1858. He had been ordained as an 
 evangelist and in October, 1868, was called to Silver 
 Spring, where he remained two years. December 28, 
 1871, Rev. R. P. Gibson was engaged as a supply, and 
 on September 27, 1872, received a call to become pas- 
 tor, which he accepted. He was born in Chemung 
 county, New York; graduated at Yale College and 
 Princeton Theological Seminary. His first charge was 
 Silver Spring, and he labored there until October, 1875. 
 The next pastor of this historic charge was Rev. 
 Thomas J. Ferguson, son of Judge Ferguson, long an 
 elder in the United Presbyterian Church at Dry Run, 
 Franklin county, at which place the present pastor 
 first saw the light of day. Mr. Ferguson acquired his 
 higher education at the Chambersburg Academy and 
 at Westminster College, New Wilmington, in this state. 
 After graduating from the college in 1875, he entered 
 the Western Theological Seminary at Allegheny, grad- 
 uating from that institution in 1878. He was ordained 
 a minister of the gospel by the Shenango Presbytery 
 in April of that year. Receiving a call from Silver 
 Spring church, he began his pastoral work October 
 1, 1878, and from that day to the present time has 
 ministered to the people of that congregation in a most 
 acceptable and successful manner. The then young 
 pastor entered upon his work with an earnestness and 
 enthusiasm that won the confidence of his parishioners 
 and which has not abated in all these years of stren- 
 uous labor. He studied his people as well as his books, 
 that he might render them efficient service. He is al- 
 ways found in the front rank in all reform move- 
 ments calculated to lift people into a higher and purer 
 moral and intellectual atmosphere. The warm friend 
 of education, he is keenly alive to the advancement of 
 the public schools, willing to serve as a director that 
 he may have better opportunities to secure teachers of 
 high standing in the profession. He can always be 
 found at educational meetings, striving to stimulate 
 teachers and patrons to do their best to improve the 
 colleges of the common people. He is deeply inter- 
 ested in the cause of agriculture, a leader of Farmers' 
 Institutes, and as a counselor at farmers' clubs he 
 has done much to make life on the farm more pleasant 
 and more remunerative. His readiness to help in 
 
 (17) 
 
every work for the uplift of others has won for him 
 the esteem of the community. He does not, however, 
 permit his activities in these fields of usefulness to in- 
 terfere with his life work, the preaching of the gospel 
 and the onerous duties of a pastor. A beautiful and 
 commodious chapel was erected near the main church 
 edifice in 1885, mainly through his energetic efforts, 
 by the liberality of Henry McCormick, Esq., in memory 
 of his daughter, Mary. A full description of this 
 handsome building would demand more space than can 
 here be given. Rev. Thomas J. Ferguson has gone in 
 and out before this people for more than thirty years, 
 rejoicing with them when they rejoiced and sorrowing 
 with them when they sorrowed. He is their minister, 
 their counselor and friend, and has held their esteem, 
 confidence and affection for more than a score and a 
 half of 3 ears. What higher praise for work well 
 done could one have or desire? 
 
 A warrant was granted to this church for a tract of 
 land by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania on September 
 21, 1770. to James Galbraith and others in trust for 
 a Presbyterian congregation. It was surveyed Novem- 
 ber 3, 1770, and contained seven acres. The present 
 church was built in 1783, during the incumbency of 
 Rev. Mr Waugh. It was remodeled in 1866, the gal- 
 lery which extended on three sides was torn out, the 
 doors were moved from the west to the south side, a 
 vestibule built on that side and the walls frescoed. 
 The chu7ch edifice, which preceded the present one 
 and which both tradition and the records show was the 
 first meeting house west of the Susquehanna and north 
 of York county, was a small log building near where 
 the present house stands. No record of the building 
 of that house or of the organization of a church in it 
 can be found. The only vestige of this building is 
 some of the poplar logs which were used in building 
 a barn on the farm now owned by George Hoover, 
 Esq., and in the erection of Mary McCormick chapel 
 several years ago some of the same logs were sawed 
 into boards and used for the construction of a pulpit 
 in that building. The members of the congregation 
 which worshiped within its walls have long ago dis- 
 appeared, and with them the memory of this venerable 
 edifice and the interesting incidents which were doubt- 
 
 (18) 
 
xess associated with its history have well nigh 
 perished. 
 
 The cemetery adjoining has a history for antiquity 
 as well as the church. The first grave we find on en- 
 tering bears the following inscription : "In memory of 
 James Wood, who died February 24, 1750." He was 
 an Engli-.hman by birth and over his grave is placed 
 a large sandstone with the above inscription, and a 
 coat-of-arms showing prominence in his ancestry. A 
 little farther to the left lie the remains of "John Ham- 
 ilton, who departed this life December 29, 1747, aged 
 47 years ' "Here lie the remains of William McMean, 
 who departed this life 1747, aged 35 years." Near by 
 that of "Margaret Mateer, wife of Samuel Mateer, who 
 was born in County Down, Ireland, died July 3, 1802, 
 aged 100 years." West of the above that of "Jonathan 
 Hoge, born July 23, 1725; died April 19, 1800." He 
 received a liberal education; was brought up as a 
 farmer; was a justice of the peace from 1764 to the 
 Revolution ; was a member of the constitutional con- 
 vention of July 15, 1776; member of the Assembly in 
 1776; and again from 1778 to 1783; a member of the 
 Supreme Executive Council from March 4, 1777, to 
 November 9, 1778; and from November 3, 1784, to 
 October 20, 1787; member of the Council of Safety 
 from October to December, 1777; one of the commis- 
 sioners to remove the public loan office in 1777; and 
 by Governor Mifflin appointed one of the Associate 
 Judges of Cumberland county, August 17, 1791. 
 
 The following Revolutionary soldiers are buried 
 there and doubtless there are others whom we failed 
 to locate — 
 
 Capt. John Carothers died January 11, 1782, aged 
 38 years and 7 months. He was in actual service July, 
 1776, and in 1777 and 1778 was first lieutenant in 
 Capt. Wi'liam McClure's 5th company, 2nd battalion 
 militia, and a captain of militia in 1780 and 1781. 
 
 Major Andrew Galbraith, Esq., died March 8, 1806, 
 aged 54 years. At an early period in his life he de- 
 voted himself with enthusiastic ardor to the service 
 of his country and the hardships which he endured, 
 in common with many others, during the Revolutionary 
 War, gave the first shock to a constitution naturally 
 strong and athletic. On his return to domestic life, 
 
 (19) 
 
being pos,sessed with an ample patrimony, he was 
 assiduou'^ of it and by unremitting attention and in- 
 dustry gieatly increased its value. According to fam- 
 ily tradition he was on Washington's staff. The family 
 of Galbraith is of the remotest antiquity, the name 
 being derived from the Celtic. The Galbraiths, in the 
 Gaelic language, are called "Britons," and were once 
 reckoned a great name in Scotland. His paternal 
 ancestor^ James Galbraith, was born in 1666, in the 
 north of Ireland, from whence he emigrated about the 
 year 1718, settling in Chester county. A number of 
 his relatives were married in prominent and distin- 
 guished families. His niece, Rebecca Galbraith, on 
 June 26, 1765, married Ephraim Blaine. He was in 
 Col. Watts' battalion in 1776 and captured at Fort 
 Washington. He was one of the original trustees. 
 
 Ensign William Harkness died May 4, 1822, aged 82 
 years, 7 months and 3 days. He was a member of 
 Capt. John McTeer's company, and saw service dur- 
 ing 1777 and 1778. Prior to that time he owned a 
 tract of 600 acres, extending from Marble street, Me- 
 chanicsbiirg, south beyond Chestnut Hill, and re- 
 sided at what is now the farmhouse northeast corner 
 of Chestnut Hill Cemetery. Also owned a number of 
 slaves. There was no public road near the buildings 
 at that period. He was elected a trustee in 1790. 
 
 James Hume died June 25, 1811, aged 71 years. He 
 was a private in Capt. John McTeer's company. Was 
 of English nationality and entered the service July, 
 1777. Along with the distinction of having been a 
 Revolutionary soldier, James Hume was a prominent 
 citizen. He owned a large tract of land and engaged 
 in farming; also carrying on tanning and other enter- 
 prises and did much toward the development of the 
 country. 
 
 Capt. John Lamb died July 14, 1813, aged 64 years, 
 6 months and 17 days. His company was fourth in 
 the 3rd 1 attalion, 1777, and was in the service 1780. 
 Capt. Lamb had a patriotic sister who said to him: 
 "Go, and sooner come home a corpse than a coward." 
 He was elected a trustee in 1802. 
 
 Matthew Loudon was 2d lieutenant in Capt. Floid's 
 company, 3d battalion, in 1778, and died January 10, 
 1801, aged 72 years. He and his two wives, Elizabeth 
 (20) 
 
McCormick and Ann Copenger, lie buried in the same 
 grave. Elected a trustee in 1797. 
 
 Samuel Martin died September 28, 1828, aged 84 
 years. He was a member of Lieut. James Irvine's 
 company, 3rd battalion, Cumberland county militia, 
 1778, and in 1780 was a member of Capt. James 
 Lloyd's company. 
 
 Howard Moor died January 27, 1804, in his 59th 
 year. Was a member of Capt. James McCurdy's com- 
 pany, 3rd battalion militia, 1780. 
 
 Abraham McCue died December 3, 1795, aged 55 
 years. He was in Capt. Thomas Laird's company, 
 3rd battalion, militia, 1780. 
 
 Capt. John McTeer died April 10, 1790, aged 54 
 years. His company was first class in service, 1777 
 and 1778. He was from the neighborhood of Lis- 
 burn and continued to live there until his death. Had 
 a family of seven children, most of whom inter- 
 married with prominent and honored families of the 
 county and reared families who were long conspicu- 
 ous in the social and business life of that section. 
 
 Lieut. James Oliver, Esq., died February 11, 1786, 
 aged 54 years, 11 months and 15 days. Was 1st 
 lieutenant in Capt. James Floid's company, 1776. He 
 lived along the creek north of Hogestown, was a 
 worthy citizen and an eminent .mathematician. His 
 daughter, Isabella, was the first poet of the Cumber- 
 land Valley, and celebrated a number of places on 
 the Conodoguinet in verse. 
 
 John Orr died November, 1794, aged 68 years, and 
 was a member of Capt. William Sanderson's company, 
 3rd battalion, militia, 1778. 
 
 Lieut. Christopher Quigley, Esq., died September 
 25, 1813, aged 73 years. He was in Capt. John 
 Trindle's company, 1777, and Capt. McTeer's com- 
 pany, 1778. Elected a trustee 1788. 
 
 Capt. John Trindle died in 1784, aged 53 years, 
 and his company was 2nd in the 3rd battalion. 
 
 Capt. Alexander Trindle died August 5, 1785, aged 
 46 years. A member of the Light Dragoons, 4th com- 
 pany. The above brothers were from the neighbor- 
 hood of Trindle Spring, were prominent, and it is to 
 be regretted our genealogical data is so meager. 
 
 Capt. Samuel Wallace died October 3, 1798, aged 
 
 (21) 
 
about 68 years. He came to America in 1756 from 
 Ireland and in 1768, purchased lot No. 13, in "Lowther 
 of Manor" located in what is now Lower Allen 
 township. Mr. Wallace was an ardent advocate 
 of independence and when the third battalion of 
 Cumberland county was formed he was chosen cap- 
 tain of company 5 and mustered into service under 
 Col. William Chambers, July 31, 1777. This company 
 was in service six weeks near Bedford. In May, 1778, 
 company 5 was called a second time under the same 
 regimental officers. In July, 1778, he, with all of his 
 neighbors, who were enrolled as "Associators," took 
 the oath of allegiance to the State as required by the 
 Government. The Silver Spring Presbyterian Congre- 
 gation was incorporated September 25, 1786, and 
 Samuel Wallace was one of the original trustees. 
 
 David Hoge died December 5, 1804, aged about 69 
 years. He received a good education; took a very 
 active part in the Revolutionary contest, and was 
 sheriff of the county of Cimiberland from 1768 to 
 1771. His son John entered the Revolutionary 
 army at the age of sixteen; became second lieutenant 
 in Col. William Irvine's (sixth) battalion, and was cap- 
 tured in the Canada campaign at Three Rivers, June 
 8, 1776. He was not exchanged until 1779. In 1783 
 he was chosen a member of the Council of Censors, 
 under the Constitution of 1776, and was one of the 
 members of the Constitutional Convention of 1789-90. 
 He was chosen to the State Senate in 1791, and 
 again in 1794, and served in Congress in 1804 and 
 1805. The grandfather of David Hoge was a native 
 of Musselburg, Scotland; came to America shortly 
 after 1682. On the same ship came a family con- 
 sisting of a Mr. Hume, his wife and daughter. On 
 the passage the father and mother both died, and 
 William Hoge took charge of the daughter and 
 landed in New York, where he left the girl with a rela- 
 tive and settled himself at Perth Amboy, N. J. He 
 subsequently married the daughter, Barbara Hume, 
 removed to Penns Three Lower Counties, now the 
 State of Delaware; from thence to Lancaster 
 county, and finally to the Valley of Virginia, south of 
 Winchester, where he and his wife lived and died. 
 They had a large family, many of whose descendants 
 
 (22) 
 
became distinguished in church and state. David's 
 father's name was John, who was born in 1699, 
 while his father lived at Perth Ambo3\ He went with 
 his father to the Three Lower Counties and there 
 married Gwenthleen Bowen Davis, who claimed to 
 belong to the royal family of Wales, and retained her 
 maiden name after marriage, as due to her royal 
 birth. The Hoge tract is south of what is now the 
 village of Hogestown and was purchased from the 
 Proprietors about 1729, and here John Hoge, his 
 sons, John, Jonathan and David, and all of his fam- 
 ily lived for many years. David Hoge was one of 
 the original trustees. He was a member of Capt. 
 James Sample's company, 1778, and Capt. James 
 Bell's company, 1780, 3rd battalion, militia. His life 
 was an active and busy one, and it is a sad fact that 
 his remains repose in Silver Spring cemetery in an 
 unmarked grave. 
 
 Several years ago a large oak tree stood a short 
 distance from the entrance — in later years, owing to 
 its immense size and outspreading branches and the 
 danger accruing incident to its fall, it was re- 
 moved. Now the spot is bare and cheerless and ex- 
 posed to the rays of the scorching sun. Previously 
 it was shaded and cool, and a lovely spot for the 
 visitor to linger and meditate upon the life and char- 
 acter of the departed, and also upon the interesting 
 scenes which were long ago enacted there. This tree 
 no doubt stood there when the old log church was 
 erected, and had sheltered that ancient congregation 
 from the oppressive heat of many a Summer day. 
 Perhaps here the pastor and his flock assembled and 
 exchanged the courteous salutations of friendly in- 
 tercourse upon each successive Sabbath day. Here,, 
 too, the venerable sires and matrons of the congre- 
 gation may have met before the hour of service, or 
 during intermission at noon (as in those days there 
 were two sermons preached and worshipers carried 
 their lunch), and talked over the exciting events of 
 the Revolution, and expressed their kind interest in 
 those of their brethren and neighbors who were fight- 
 ing for our independence under the illustrious Wash- 
 ington. As we wander through this ancient grave- 
 yard a feeling of awe pervades our mind when we 
 
 (23) 
 
look upon the resting places of many who lived al- 
 most two centuries ago. Here sleep many brave 
 spirits who ventured their all to secure the precious 
 freedom which we enjoy. Here are they who settled 
 around us on every side, the stroke of whose axe first 
 broke the stillness of the forest, who first cleared the 
 fruitful fields which during summer are covered with 
 luxuriant harvest and which are in possession of 
 these then unborn. Here rest the remains of the 
 ancestors of some of our community, who have long 
 since ceased the struggle incident to human life. 
 Here lie the remains of brave men of other nations 
 who came to our land, and among the wilds of a 
 savage and uninhabitable region built a house of 
 worship. The graves of many of these bear no in- 
 scription by means of which the name and station of 
 the occupant can be ascertained. Many are only 
 marked by rude lime stones, others of slate which 
 Lave almost crumbled to pieces after the long lapse 
 of years since they were erected. 
 
 In this paper prominence will be noticed in the 
 Scotch-Irish element, but there was a necessity for so 
 doing which we feel sure all will acknowledge, inas- 
 much as the early population that flocked into this 
 beautiful territory was so largely composed of this 
 class of people. Never need their descendants feel 
 ashamed of so noble an ancestry. Never, either, 
 can they over-estimate the sacrifices which they made 
 in taking possession of this beautiful valley in which 
 their spirit still lingers. No privations seemed to 
 iiepress them, no exposure to intimidate them, no 
 toil to .discourage them. They were accustomed to 
 hardships from the beginning, not only in clearing 
 the forest and preparing the land for cultivation, but 
 also in their contests and warfare with the Indians. 
 As a distinguished speaker once said, "The Cumber- 
 land Valley became the bloodiest battleground we 
 have had since the beginning of our civilization;" and 
 the history of this pioneer church, established one 
 hundred and seventy-five years ago, the heroic strug- 
 gle of its founders, the hardships and sufferings they 
 endured, the valor they displayed in meeting a ruth- 
 less, savage foe, and the final triumph they had in 
 upholding and advancing Christian civilization, is a 
 
 (24) 
 
theme worthy of the pen of the most illustrious his- 
 torian and the voice of the most eloquent of men. 
 From 1753 to 1758 this rich valley, now made at- 
 tractive by beautiful homes, fertile farms, prosperous 
 villages and a teeming population of industrious, in- 
 telligent and happy people, was the scene of con- 
 stant alarms and cruel bloodshed. Without provoca- 
 tion and without much Avarning there were pre- 
 cipitated upon the early settlers all the horrors of an 
 Indian war. Under its blasting influence the lands 
 were scarcely tilled, the plow rested idly in the fur- 
 row and there was little return to the husband- 
 man. On every hand were suffering and distress; 
 men were shot down as they toiled in the field, 
 and women and children were carried into captivity 
 by the remorseless foe. Ministers of the gospel laid 
 aside their robes of office and became leaders of their 
 people in scenes of blood made necessary in defend- 
 ing their homes and firesides. Many of the once 
 powerful warlike tribes that roamed through this val- 
 ley were known and feared from the seaboard to the 
 lakes, have been exterminated and their very names 
 blotted from existence, save where they appear upon 
 the pages of history. Others have been driven toward 
 the setting sun, where they reside in a semi- civilized 
 state, and are but sorry representatives of the once 
 proud and stately warriors, the crack of whose 
 sharp and unerring rifles made the woods ring, and 
 whose canoes danced upon the waves of the pic- 
 turesque Susquehanna, two hundred years ago. But 
 they are all gone, and the bones of their ancestors 
 are the only relics which they have left behind them. 
 The hano of the same inscrutable Providence that 
 suffered them to march as mighty conquerors from 
 the west to the east, crushing out the existence of a 
 weaker people in their triumphant march, blighted 
 them in the noonday of their glory, and, like the re- 
 ceding waves of the sea, drove them back in the 
 direction whence they came, where they scattered, 
 and the lies which bound them together as tribes dis- 
 solved CA en as would ice beneath the rays of a tropical 
 sun. 
 
 But what of the pioneers and founders of this his- 
 toric chnrch? They, too, are all gone. Each forever 
 
 (25) 
 
in his narrow bed is laid. While we reflect upon the 
 fact that it was through the privations and hardships 
 they endured that we enjoy the rich blessings of this 
 beautiful and teeming valley, let us hope they are 
 enjoying a peace they knew not on earth, in that val- 
 ley "where the wicked cease from troubling and the 
 weary are at rest." 
 
 Mrs. Wilbur F. Harris, of Harrisburg, Pa., sang the 
 solo, "Just as I Am," — Hawley. The accompanist for 
 this and all the special musical numbers was Miss 
 M. Elizabeth Orth, of Harrisburg, Pa. 
 
 The Chairman introduced the next speaker: 
 
 "It is said that the authorities were glad to have 
 the Scotch and Irish come in and settle this valley. 
 They were a wall of defense against the Indians. They 
 had the reputation — they had it then, they have had 
 it ever since — of rather enjoying a "scrap," and con- 
 sequently they have been ever since on the firing line 
 in every battle for truth and righteousness, and it is 
 fitting that we should have a word to-day about the 
 early patriots of Silver Spring. We are glad to hear 
 from Mr. Jerry Zeamer, of Carlisle." 
 
 (26) 
 
THE EARLY PATRIOTS OF THE SILVER 
 
 SPRING. 
 
 By J. Zeamer. 
 
 Since early in the settlement of the Kittochtinny 
 Valley, Silver Spring has been both a religious center 
 and a center of patriotism. Within the adjacent 
 country lived James Silver, John Hoge, William 
 Walker, Tobias Hendricks, Joseph Irvine, Samuel 
 Huston, George Croghan, William Trent, Edward 
 Ward, James Galbreath, James McTeer, William 
 Trindle, Moses Starr and Robert Callender, whose 
 lives contributed to the upbuilding of our government 
 of civil and religious liberty. After them came 
 Ephraim Blaine, Alexander Blaine, George Gibson, 
 John, Jonathan and David Hoge, John, Robert and 
 Andrew Galbreath, William Hendricks, Alexander 
 and Joh.i Trindle, James Sample, Oliver Pollock, and 
 others whose names and services might be held up to 
 your admiration did time permit. Almost without ex- 
 ception they were of Scotch-Irish ancestry, the 
 nationality so noted in history for piety and courage 
 and love of justice and liberty. When two or three 
 were gathered together they founded a church, and, 
 that attended to, they formed military associations for 
 the protection of their homes and sanctuary and the 
 maintenance of law. 
 
 William Trent was the earliest to enter the military 
 service of the Province, for it is recorded that in 
 June, 1746, Governor George Thomas appointed him 
 captain of one of the companies that were raised in 
 Pennsyhania for a campaign against Canada. At 
 that time he yet lived in Chester county, and the 
 company under his command was from that part of 
 the Province. The several companies went as far as 
 Albany, New York, where they were held until the fol- 
 lowing summer, when the expedition against Canada 
 was abandoned. Trent then returned to his home and 
 (27) 
 
soon afterwards he and George Croghan came and set- 
 tled in the vicinity of the Silver Spring. They were 
 brothers-in-law and here jointly purchased from 
 William Walker a large tract of land which had for 
 its northern boundary the Conodoguinet creek. Upon 
 this tract of land George Croghan established for him- 
 self a home, which he called Pennsborough. William 
 Trent's sojourn at the Silver Spring was more brief 
 than Croghan's, for after the town of Carlisle was 
 laid out he moved to it and there engaged at keep- 
 ing a store. 
 
 As early as 1747 and 1748 there was organized an 
 Associated Regiment in Lancaster county, "over the 
 river Susquehanna," and in which were two com- 
 panies from the vicinity of the Silver Spring, one 
 commanded by Capt. James Silver, and the other by 
 Capt. James McTeer. Of the former Tobias Hen- 
 dricks was the lieutenant, and Joseph Irvine the en- 
 sign ; and of the latter William Trindle was lieutenant 
 and Moses Starr the ensign. The public records 
 show that all these officers were citizens of East 
 Pennsboro, and had the ecclesiastical records been 
 kept with the same fidelity the civil records were it 
 could also be shown that they were members of the 
 Silver Spring Presbyterian Church. It does not any- 
 where appear who constituted the rank and file of this 
 associated regiment. 
 
 East Pennsboro towmship then extended from the 
 Stony Ridge to the Susquehanna river and from the 
 North to the South mountain and the Silver Spring 
 congregation included in its membership persons 
 from all parts of this large district and also some 
 from beyond its bounds. In the aforesaid regiment 
 was a company commanded by Captain Matthew 
 Dill, who was an adherent of "Low-er Pennsborough" 
 — by which name the Silver Spring congregation was 
 then known — but who lived where now is the town of 
 Dillsburg, in York county. 
 
 Up to July, 1754, the regions to the north and the 
 west of the Kittochtinny mountain range was Indian 
 territory. This was well known to the whites, but not- 
 withstanding their knowledge of the fact and not- 
 withstanding the warnings of the authorities, white 
 settlers pressed over the border and without right 
 
or title squatted upon the choicest spots in those In- 
 dian lands. They were on the Juniata, in the Sher- 
 man's Valley, in the Path Valley, and in the far- 
 away Bip and Little Coves. The Indians repeatedly 
 complained of these encroachments, but the trespass- 
 ing continued till it looked as if it might become the 
 cause of an Indian war. After the formation of 
 Cumberland county it was decided to take steps to 
 remove the trespassers. For this purpose a confer- 
 ence was held in May, 1750, at the house of George 
 Croghan, at which were present James Galbreath, 
 William Wilson, Hermanns Alricks, Benjamdn Cham- 
 bers, Matthew Dill and John Finley, who were jus- 
 tices of the peace; and Richard Peters, secretary to 
 the Proprietaries, and Conrad Weiser, interpreter and 
 Indian agent; also five Indians, three from Shamokin, 
 and two irom the Ohio. One of the Ohio Indians was 
 Andrew Montour, a half breed who was much in the 
 employ of the Province. At this conference it was 
 agreed that the offending settlers should be removed 
 promptly and permanently, and that the Indians 
 present should accompany the magistrates to the dif- 
 ferent settlements and see that it was done in good 
 faith. It was done promptly and in good faith, and 
 the Indians were pacified. Taking into consideration 
 the character of the persons present and the char- 
 acter of the business transacted, this meeting at 
 George Croghan's was undoubtedly the most im- 
 portant conference which up to this time had been 
 held between the whites and the Indians west of the 
 Susquehanna river and it is a part of the history of 
 the Silver Spring. 
 
 George Croghan, at whose house this memorable 
 conference was held, was an extraordinary man. He 
 was born in Ireland and educated at the University 
 of Dublin. He came to America while yet a youth, 
 and as early as 1744 was already a licensed Indian 
 trader. In 1765 a petition was presented to the 
 Pennsylvania Assembly in behalf of the members of 
 the Church of England in Cumberland county, asking 
 for assistance to complete a church in Carlisle, which 
 they had in part erected but from the smallness of 
 their number and distressed state of the country 
 consequent upon the Indian wars, were unable to 
 (29) 
 
finish; and among the names to this petition were 
 those of George Croghan and Robert Callender. 
 
 Croghan's business required him to move much 
 from place to place, and he consequently nearly al- 
 ways had several places that he could truthfully call 
 his home. At the Silver Spring he at one time owned 
 over 800 acres of land, but the French and Indians 
 captured such large quantities of his goods, and the 
 Indians to whom he had sold on trust went off with- 
 out paying him, which losses so involved him financial- 
 ly that he was compelled to surrender his Penns- 
 borough property to liquidate his debts. One of the 
 points on the frontier at which he lived and traded 
 was Aughwick, which was situated on the celebrated 
 Kittanning Path, in what is now Huntingdon county. 
 This path crossed the mountain at what is now Ster- 
 rett's Gap, and was so much used in going to and 
 coming from Croghan's, at Aughwick, that that 
 familiar notch in the mountain came to be known as 
 Croghan's Gap, which name it bore for years before 
 it became Sterrett's Gap. 
 
 George Croghan enjoyed the implicit confidence of 
 the Provnicial authorities. In August, 1749, Gov. 
 James Hamilton sent him from Silver Spring to the 
 Ohio to inform the Indians there that hostilities be- 
 tween Great Britain and France had ceased, and to 
 inquire of them why they permitted Celeron de Bien- 
 ville to march through their country. That was more 
 than four years before Gov. Dinwiddie, of Virginia, 
 sent George Washington into that region to ask of 
 the Frenchmen there to explain their presence and 
 conduct. In April, 1751, Gov. Hamilton sent him a 
 second time to the Ohio, this time with a present of 
 goods for the Indians. On this occasion one of the 
 Indian chiefs warmly expressed to him the wish that 
 the Governor of Pennsylvania would build a fort on 
 the Ohio to protect the Indians and the Indian traders 
 from the insults of the French. This wish, no doubt, 
 was the origin of the idea of the fort which after- 
 wards was built at the forks of the Ohio. 
 
 On the frontier Croghan met and became ac- 
 quainted with George Washington. In the spring of 
 1754 he had a large store of flour at his post at 
 Aughwick, preparatory to trading with the army as 
 
 (30) 
 
well as with the Indians. Washington, with a com- 
 pany of Virginia soldiers, was on the march towards 
 the forks of the Ohio, and contracted with Croghan 
 for a supply of flour, but Croghan, for some cause not 
 mentioned in history, failed to deliver the flour at 
 the place designated. At one time the troops were for 
 six days without flour, and Washington wrote urgent- 
 ly to Croghan to forward all he could furnish, but 
 notwithstanding the admonition no flour came. In the 
 following year, when Braddock was preparing to go 
 upon his ill-fated expedition to Fort Duquesne, the 
 Pennsylvania Assembly appointed commissioners to 
 explore the country and lay out the required roads. 
 At the head of this body of commissioners was George 
 Croghan, who, with all his knowledge of the country, 
 failed to please the vain and haughty British officers. 
 Later, at the instance of Gov. Morris, he enlisted a 
 company of fifty Indians to meet Gen. Braddock and 
 on his march render him assistance as scouts. He 
 also secured the services of Capt. Jack, "the Wild 
 Hunter of the Juniata," and his band, all resolute men, 
 well acquainted with the country and inured to 
 hardships. Of Capt. Jack's men Croghan wrote: 
 "They require no shelter for the night, they ask no 
 pay. If the whole army were composed of such men 
 there would be no cause of apprehension. I shall be 
 with them in time for duty.. And these men, secured 
 by George Croghan, of the Silver Spring, were the 
 only troops from the Province of Pennsylvania that 
 were with the Braddock expedition at any stage of 
 its prog'-ess. 
 
 When in the fall of 1770 Washington made a trip 
 to the West in behalf of the Virginia soldiers who had 
 land claims pending, he was entertained at Fort Pitt 
 at a dinner at which he met George Croghan. Crog- 
 han was then Col. Croghan, deputy-agent to Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnson, and had a pretentious plantation on the 
 banks of the Allegheny river about four miles from 
 the fort, where Washington on the following day 
 visited him. When Washington and his party took 
 their departure Croghan engaged for their service two 
 Indians and an interpreter. They proceeded down the 
 liver in a large canoe, Croghan and some officers of 
 the garrison accompanying them as far as Logstown, 
 (31) 
 
where they breakfasted together, after which they 
 separated, Col. Croghan and his companions cheer- 
 ing the \ oyagers from the shore as the canoe floated 
 upon the current down the beautiful Ohio. 
 
 Croghan had figured in many capacities and ex- 
 perienced many vicissitudes on the frontier. He had 
 suffered at the hands of the white man and the 
 savage. Once, while convoying presents from Sir Wil- 
 liam Johnson to the Delawares and Shawanese, his 
 caravan was captured by a band of backwoodsmen 
 dressed in the garb and habits of Indians. At another 
 time a band of Kickapoo Indians shot and killed sev- 
 eral of his men and wounded him, believing his party 
 to be a party of Cherokees with whom the Kickapoos 
 were at bitter enmity. Pontiac, the celebrated chief 
 of the Ottowas, suspected Croghan of coming into 
 his country to win from him with presents the 
 sachems who had joined with him in his famous con- 
 spiracy against the whites. As a warning that great 
 chieftain significantly declared that he had a large 
 kettle boiling in which he intended to seethe Croghan 
 for his pernicious interference. Subsequently, when 
 Pontiae's spirits were broken by reverses, the two 
 met and smoked the pipe of peace together, and Crog- 
 han claimed the credit of having persuaded Pontiac 
 to bury the hatchet. 
 
 George Croghan and William Trent were much as- 
 sociated in business and cannot well be disasso- 
 ciated in history. The story of the one in a large 
 measure includes the story of the other. When Capt. 
 Trent — largely through his association with Croghan 
 — had established for himself a reputation of having 
 great inlluence with the Indians, he was engaged by 
 Gov. Dinwiddie, of Virginia, to attend a council of 
 the Ohio Indian tribes as agent for Virginia. He was 
 also to see the French commander and expostulate 
 with him for encroaching upon territory that be- 
 longed to the Iving of England. He proceeded to 
 Logstown and from there to the Indian country, which 
 had twice been visited by Croghan, but wherever he 
 went he found the aspect of affairs so threatening 
 that he lost heart and returned home without seeing 
 the offending French commander, which was the most 
 important part of the errand upon which he had been 
 (32) 
 
sent. Gov. Dinwiddle then selected George Washing- 
 ton, and on October 30, 1753, sent him upon the mis- 
 sion in which Trent had failed. 
 
 In January, 1754, Gov. Dinwiddie commissioned 
 Trent to raise a company of one hundred men and 
 march with all speed to the forks of the Ohio and 
 finish as soon as possible the fort which had there 
 been commenced. Capt. Trent was selected for this 
 service— it was said — chiefly because he was brother- 
 in-law to George Croghan, who had grown to be a 
 person of great consequence on the frontier and was 
 supposed to have such influence with the western 
 tribes as to be able to persuade them to take up the 
 hatchet for the English. Trent promptly raised his 
 company and in it, as ensign, was Edward Ward, a 
 young man who also had lived at the Silver Spring. 
 At the same time that Trent was authorized to raise 
 a company for service at the Ohio, Washington was 
 empowered to raise a like force at Alexandria, Va., 
 for the tame service. He was ordered to forward 
 munitions, and supplies for the projected fort, and, 
 when the two companies were joined, was to have 
 command of both. When on the frontier he was to 
 take council of George Croghan and Andrew Mon- 
 tour, the interpreter, in all matters relating to the In- 
 dians, they being considered perfect oracles in that 
 department. 
 
 On tho' 17th of February, 1754, in the angle formed 
 by the meeting of the Monogahela and Allegheny 
 rivers, under the auspices of the Ohio company, was 
 begun the erection of a fort. Two months afterwards 
 the French in overwhelming force, came down the 
 Allegheny river and captured the fort before it was 
 completed. Capt. Trent's company was in charge, but 
 he and his lieutenant being absent at the time, it fell 
 to Ensign Ward (of Silver Spring) to make the sur- 
 render. Trent at the time was at Wills Creek, to 
 which point he had been ordered to provide pack 
 horses, and await the arrival of Washington. He 
 failed to have the pack horses in readiness, and while 
 the troops were waiting for wagons to come up from 
 Winchester and supply the deficiency, Ensign Ward 
 and his men arrived in camp, the French, on the sur- 
 
 (33) 
 
render of the fort, having permitted them to depart 
 and take with them their working implements. 
 
 While lying at Wills Creek, Capt. Trent's men were 
 the cause of much complaint. They had enlisted as 
 volunteers and considered themselves as exempt from 
 the rigors of martial law, and their refractory conduct 
 threatened to demoralize Washington's entire com- 
 mand. He tolerated them as best he could till he 
 was ready to march, and then ordered them to re- 
 main in camp and await the coming of Colonel Fry, 
 the chief officer of the expedition. They, however, did 
 not remain, but in the true spirit of volunteers from 
 the back woods soon dispersed to their homes. Trent 
 then returned to his home at Carlisle and for nearly 
 two years served as a member of the Provincial 
 Council. In 1757 he was again in the employ of Vir- 
 ginia, but in the summer of that year acted as secre- 
 tary to George Croghan at a council with the In- 
 dians a+ Easton. In 1758 he accompanied General 
 Forbes' expedition to Fort Duquesne, and in the fol- 
 lowing year entered the service of Sir William John- 
 son, British Agent for Indian Affairs in America. He 
 speculated much in land and for some years, in 
 various parts of the Province, was assessed with 
 large tracts, sometimes aggregating more than eight 
 thousand acres. Being extensively engaged in the In- 
 dian trade he was financially ruined through the 
 depredation of the Indians. To reimburse him for his 
 losses the Indians, at the treaty of Fort Sanwix, ceded 
 to him a large tract of land lying on the Kanawha 
 river, in what is now West Virginia. 
 
 Owing to the character of his business, he (Captain 
 Trent), like Croghan, found it necessary to frequently 
 change the place of his abode. He lived longer at 
 Carlisle than anywhere else, having been there con- 
 tinuously from shortly after the town was laid out 
 till 1769. In 1770 and 1771 he is missing from Car- 
 lisle, and it is probable that in those years he was on 
 his lands on the Kanawha, as it is known that he was 
 located there for a short time. In 1772 and 1773 he 
 lived in Middleton township, on a tract of land lying 
 in what is now called Holly Gap, which he owned from 
 a very early date. That gap as early as 1757 was 
 known as Trent's Gap, and the broken mountain 
 
 (34) 
 
range which separated Cumberland from York county, 
 was knoTun as Trent's Hills. Broken in fortune, health 
 and spirit he figured but little in the war of the 
 Revolution, and that little only in the western depart- 
 ment. "W'hile on a trip to the east in 1778 he took ill 
 at his old home and died, and, it is said, "was buried 
 in an old graveyard not far from the Silver Spring 
 churchyard, if not in that identical burial ground." 
 
 Edward Ward, the ensign who surrendered the 
 fort at the forks of the Ohio, is likewise entitled to 
 special mention in a history of the Silver Spring. 
 When Trent's company disbanded at Wills Creek, Ward 
 also returned to his home, but only for a brief period. 
 In the s]^ring of 1756 he was again in the service of 
 the Province, this time as captain under Lieut. -Colonel 
 John Armstrong. Robert Callender, of Silver Spring, 
 Rev. John Steel, Hugh Mercer, John Potter, Hance 
 Hamilton and Joseph Armstrong were also captains in 
 the same battalion, while William Thompson, James 
 Potter, Edward Armstrong and others whose names 
 have since been familiar in Pennsylvania's history, 
 were lieutenants. Capt. Ward Avas with Armstrong 
 in his memorable expedition against Kittanning, and 
 accounts agree that his company suffered severely in 
 the attack upon that Indian stronghold. After the 
 defeat of Braddoek the Provincial authorities ordered 
 the construction of a chain of forts, extending in a 
 semi-circle from near the Maryland line in what is 
 now Fulton county around to the Delaware river. One 
 of these frontier posts was located on the Juniata 
 river, one mile west of where Lewistown now stands, 
 and was named Fort Granville. In July, 1756, Fort 
 Granville was garrisoned by Capt. Edward Ward's 
 company. The settlers in the Tuscarora Valley want- 
 ing a guard while harvesting their grain, Capt. Ward, 
 with abort half his men, marched to their protection, 
 and after they were gone the French and Indians cap- 
 tured the fort, killing Lieut. Armstrong and taking 
 prisoners the entire garrison. It will be proper to 
 here state that the Lieut. Armstrong that was killed 
 at Fort Granville was Edward Armstrong, a brother 
 of Col. John Armstrong; and also, that with Capt. 
 Ward, as ensign of the company, was John Loudon, 
 
 (35) 
 
whose brother, Matthew Loudou, lies buried at the 
 Silver Spring. 
 
 Edward Ward continued in the military service of 
 the Province while soldiers were needed, which then 
 was all the time. Through the years 1757 and 1758 
 his company was stationed to the westward of the 
 Susquehanna, at the forts which were scattered along 
 the edge of the frontier, rendering the terrified and 
 distressed inhabitants what protection they could. In 
 the fall of 1758 he joined Forbes' expedition against 
 Fort Duquesne, and when possession was taken of its 
 abandoned ruins he was privileged to stand in triumph 
 on the very spot where in April, 1754, he had been 
 humiliated in defeat. 
 
 Like Capt. Trent, Edward Ward dealt extensively 
 in lands and in 1769 was assessed with nearly 6,000 
 acres within the present bounds of Bedford county; 
 also a large tract in the Juniata Valley. He lived 
 longer at Carlisle than at any other place, but in 1767 
 he settled in Allen township, and on the Cedar Run, 
 where now is the village of Eberly's Mills, built the 
 first mills that were erected in the eastern end of 
 Cumberland county. There he continued until 1771 
 when his name disappears from the records, and of 
 his subsequent history nothing is known. He was a 
 married man, his wife being a Silver, in all probability 
 a daughter of James Silver, the pioneer of the Silver 
 Spring. He stands in history as Major Edward 
 Ward, and as a man with a clean record. 
 
 Another early patriot of the Silver Spring was 
 Robert Callender, who was a native of Maryland but 
 came into Pennsylvania to engage in the Indian trade. 
 At the commencement of hostilities in 1755 he en- 
 listed as a soldier and upon the organization of his 
 company was commissioned captain-lieutenant, and 
 in the following September was with Col. Armstrong 
 at the storming of Kittanning. A month later he was 
 made a captain in the same battalion in which Ed- 
 ward Ward had been commissioned a captain in May 
 of that year. He continued in the military service till 
 after the fall of Fort Duquesne, and worked out for 
 himself a most distinguished and honorable career. 
 He was not only a soldier but also a business man, 
 and did much to promote the settlement and develop- 
 
ment of the country. He located on the Silver 
 Spring about the year 1763, and in 1704 or '65 built 
 the first grist mill on the Silver Spring. A year 
 or so afterwards he also built a saw mill. Be- 
 ing rich and enterprising he in 1769 boug'it the 
 mills located at the mouth of the Letort Spring, 
 after which the grist mill on the Silver Spring is 
 designated on the records as "Callender's lower mill." 
 
 Robert Callender also was a great land owner. In 
 1770 his assessments in Cumberland and Bedford 
 counties, and in the Juniata Valley, aggregated 3,300 
 acres. He also at the same time owned a tract of two 
 thousand acres lying on the east side of th-j Mis^sis- 
 sippi river below Natchez, in what is now the State of 
 Mississippi, but at the time he acquired the land 
 was yet in the Province of West Florida. 
 
 While Robert Callender lived at the Silver Spring 
 he was a slave holder. In 1766 he owned five negroes, 
 in 1767 two, in 1768 four, and in 1769 one. Slavery 
 then was permitted under the laws of Pennsylvania 
 and many leading citizens in the vicinity owned 
 negro slaves. At the time Robert Callender numbered 
 among his goods and chattels five negroes, James Gal- 
 breath owned four, Tobias Hendricks two, Francis 
 McGuire one, John Orr one, and John Sample one. 
 Later David Hoge, John Carrothers, "of the creek," 
 Matthew Loudon, Robert "V\Tiitehill, Robert and Wil- 
 liam Patterson, John Buchanan, John Waugh, John 
 Galbreath, John Quigley, Henry Quigley, William Me- 
 Teer, William Harkness, Moses Starr and Robert 
 Galbreath owned negro slaves. These were all good 
 citizens and patriots, and, with the exception of 
 Robert Callender, were also all Presbyterians. Slave 
 owning then was not considered the great wrong that 
 it was afterwards. It does not appear that the Sil- 
 vers, the Walkers, the McCormicks and the Clendenins 
 at any time owned negro slaves. 
 
 Robert Callender lived only a few years after he 
 removed from the Silver Spring. He died at Middle- 
 sex in June, 1776, at the age of fifty years. His first 
 wife died at the Silver Spring, aged thirty-four, and 
 both are buried in the Old Graveyard at Carlisle. For 
 his second wife he married Frances Gibson. He had 
 seven children, three by his first marriage and foui- 
 
 (37) 
 
by his second. His daughter, Ann, married Gen. Wil- 
 liam Iivine, of the Revolution; Elizabeth married Rev. 
 John Andrews, D. D., Provost of the University of 
 Pennsylvania; Isabella married William Neill, a lead- 
 ing merchant of the city of Baltimore; Robert — the 
 only son — became a lawyer and settled at Pittsburg. 
 He married Harriet Butler, a daughter of Gen. Wil- 
 liam Butler, one of the five famous Butler brothers, 
 who in the Revolution were known as "the fighting 
 Butlers." Catharine married William Noland, of Vir- 
 ginia; Martha married Thomas Duncan, a brilliant 
 Carlisle lawyer who became a judge of the Supreme 
 Court of Pennsylvania; and Mary, the youngest, mar- 
 ried George Thompson, son of the Gen. William 
 Thompson, who was colonel of the first regiment that 
 Pennsylvania sent to the war of the Revolution. 
 
 James Hendricks is another man who deserves 
 honorable mention in this connection. He was a son 
 of Tobias Hendricks, and was a captain in the First 
 Pennsylvania battalion in Col. Henry Bouquet's ex- 
 pedition in 1764, and Richard Butler, afterwards so 
 celebrated as an officer of the Revolution, was his 
 Ensign. To James Hendricks belongs the distinction 
 of engaging in the Provincial wars and also in the 
 Revolution, yet history has hardly been just to him, 
 for very little concerning him can be found recorded 
 in its pages. 
 
 There were in the Silver Spring section families 
 who, though not distinctively and prominently asso- 
 ciated with the military affairs of the country, per- 
 formed civic duties with a fidelity that entitles them 
 to be classed with the patriots of the land. On what 
 was then the "Big Road," a short distance west of 
 where now is the village of Hogestown, in the colonial 
 days, lived William Walker. He long kept a tavern at 
 that point, as did also his son John after him. Wil- 
 liam Walker was a son-in-law of the first John Hoge, 
 being married to John Hoge's daughter Elizabeth. 
 Among the children of William Walker and Elizabeth 
 Hoge was a son Jonathan, who, although he did not 
 tarry long at the place of his birth after he had fitted 
 himself for the sober realities of life, is yet entitled 
 to honorable mention in this connection, because of 
 the high distinction he himself achieved, and because 
 
of a great and honored son he gave to the world. 
 Jonathan Walker graduated from Dickinson College in 
 1787, in the first class that that institution graduated. 
 He studied law, was admitted to the bar at Carlisle 
 and began th» practice of his profession at Northum- 
 berland, Pa. In 1806 he was appointed president 
 judge of the judicial district composed of Center, 
 Mifflin, Pluntingdon and Bedford counties. He then 
 removed from Northumberland to Bellefonte and later 
 to Bedford. Wliile living at Bedford he was appointed 
 Judge of the United States Court for the western 
 district of Pennsylvania. He then removed to Pitts- 
 burg, where he died in 1824. Jonathan Walker mar- 
 ried Lucy Duncan, a sister of Judge Thomas Duncan, 
 and on the 23d of July, 1801, there was born to them, 
 at Northumberland, a son whom they named Robert 
 John Walker, who for forty years of his life was one 
 of the most able and conspicuous public men of the 
 nation. He graduated from the University of Penn- 
 sylvania with the first honors of a large class; began 
 the practice of law at Pittsburg, but in a few years 
 went South and settled at Natchez, Mississippi, where 
 he rose to high distinction professionally and political- 
 ly. He was elected and re-elected United States Sena- 
 tor; was appointed Secretary of the United States 
 Treasury by President Polk; Minister to China by 
 President Pierce, and Governor of the Territory of 
 Kansas by President Buchanan. From the very first 
 he strenuously opposed nullification and secession, 
 and had much to do with shaping the policy of the 
 government during the war between the States. In 
 1863 he was appointed financial agent of the United 
 States in Europe, and succeeded in negotiating abroad 
 $250,000,000 in government bonds. He died in Wash- 
 ington city on November 11, 1869. A lineal descendant 
 of old Silver Spring. The Silver Spring of to-day 
 honors his memory with filial pride and rejoices in his 
 greatness. 
 
 When, in 1769, Robert Callender moved to the 
 mouth of the Letort Spring, he rented his Silver 
 Spring mills to Ephraim Blaine, who operated them 
 for five or six years. Ephraim Blaine's wife was Re- 
 becca Galbreath, a niece of James Galbreath, and in 
 locating on the Silver Spring he did not locate among 
 
 (39) 
 
strangers, but near his wife's relatives. By 1774 he 
 had completed a mill on the Conodoguinet, on the 
 site now occupied by the Carlisle water works, and 
 removed from the Silver Spring to Middleton town- 
 ship. Ephraim Blaine also had the distinction of 
 serving both in the Provincial wars and in the Revo- 
 lution. When only eighteen years of age he was 
 appointed commissary sersreant, and served under 
 Col. James Burd, while that officer was charged with 
 building a road through the wilderness to the Monon- 
 gahela river. Afterwards he shared in the dangers 
 and triumphs of Col. Bouquet's first expedition to the 
 Ohio. 
 
 When the Revolution broke upon the country 
 Ephraim Blaine assisted in raising a battalion of as- 
 sociators, in which he was made a lieutenant. In 
 December, 1775, the Committee of Correspondence re- 
 ported that in addition to the twelve companies Cum- 
 berland county had already sent it had in readiness 
 for the front another battalion. The battalion was ac- 
 cepted and Ephraim Blaine was elected its lieutenant 
 colonel. About the same time he was also appointed 
 county lieutenant. The latter he declined and the 
 former he did not hold very long. His remarkable 
 executive ability coming to the knowledge of Congress 
 that body, on April 1, 1776, appointed him Commissary 
 of Provisions. He then resigned as lieutenant colonel 
 and entered the Commissary Department, and from 
 that time till American independence was achieved 
 devoted all his energies to supplying the patriot army 
 with food, largely from out of the Cumberland Val- 
 ley. "VNTiile Washington's army lay at Valley Forge 
 his "barefoot and otherwise naked" soldiers were fed 
 through the strenuous exertions of Col. Ephraim 
 Blaine, who from 1769 to 1774, inclusive, operated the 
 mills on the Silver Spring. 
 
 Ephraim Blaine had a brother named Alexander, 
 who in 1770 and 1771 also lived at the Silver Spring. 
 He was designated in the tax list as a "freeman," and 
 being a single man we are justified in assuming that 
 he had his home in the family of his brother, Ephraim. 
 Alexander Blaine married Mary Hoge, oldest daughter 
 of David Hoge, and of their descendants much might 
 be said if the scope of this paper permitted it. As 
 
early as 1768 Alexander Blaine was a licensed Indian 
 trader, and during the Revolution was Assistant Com- 
 missary of Issues under his brother, Ephraim. 
 
 The closing of the port of Boston by the British 
 Parliament aroused to action the patriots of this part 
 of the country, who held a meeting in the Presby- 
 terian church at Carlisle on July 12, 1774, at which a 
 committee w^as appointed to correspond with similar 
 committees in other parts of the country. This 
 committee consisted of thirteen members and three of 
 the thirteen were Robert Callender, Ephraim Blaine 
 and Jonathan Hoge. Jonathan Hoge was not a soldier, 
 but along civil lines rendered service to his country 
 that entitles him to be classed with the early patriots 
 of Silver Spring. He was a member of the Constitu- 
 tional Convention of July, 1776; a member of the As- 
 sembly in 1776, and again from 1778 to 1783. He was 
 a member of the Supreme Executive Council from 
 March 4, 1777, to November 9, 1778, and again from 
 November 3, 1784, to October 20, 1787. In 1777, after 
 the Americans had been defeated at the Brandywine 
 and the British were moving upon Philadelphia in 
 triumph, he and John Loudon were appointed commis- 
 sioners to remove the public loan office from Philadel- 
 phia, so the records of that important department 
 would not fall into the hands of the enemy. In 1777 
 he, for several months, was a member of the Council 
 of Safety; also, in October, 1786, a member of the 
 committee to superintend the drawing of the Dona- 
 tion Land Lottery; also, in 1785-86, a member of the 
 Board of Property, and in August, 1791, was ap- 
 pointed a justice of the peace, in which capacity he 
 acted as an associate judge of Cumberland county. 
 He died on the 19th of April, 1800, and is the only 
 Hoge buried in the Silver Spring cemetery whose grave 
 now is marked. 
 
 Jonathan Hoge had a son, John, who enlisted in 
 Col. William Irvine's battalion and was made a second 
 lieutenant. In the second expedition against Canada 
 he was captured at Three Rivers, June 8, 1776, and 
 remained a prisoner for three years. 
 
 About the year 1778 there settled in the vicinity of 
 the Silver Spring a young Irishman named David Red- 
 dick, whose subsequent career entitles him to a refer- 
 
 (41) 
 
ence in the history of Silver Spring. He was an intelli- 
 gent and ambitions youth and engaged at school teach- 
 ing and surveying. He married Ann Hoge, oldest daugh- 
 ter of Jonathan Hoge, and when his wife's uncle, David 
 Hoge, acquired large land interests in what is now 
 Washington county, Pennsylvania, he went with him to 
 that part of the country and surveyed his land for 
 him. He then located there and rose to be one of the 
 most distinguished and honored citizens of Western 
 Pennsylvania. He became a member of the Supreme 
 Executive Council of the Province, and was vice presi- 
 dent of that body at a time when Benjamin Franklin 
 was its president. He also held other important and 
 responsible positions, and did much to settle the 
 troubles of the Whiskey Insurrection, he and William 
 Findley being delegated to wait on President Wash- 
 ington at Carlisle and assure him that the insurgents 
 had submitted to the laws. 
 
 Rachel Hoge, also a daughter of Jonathan Hoge, 
 married Robert Bell, who served as a soldier in the 
 war of the Revolution. Robert Bell lies in an un- 
 marked grave at Pine Hill. [Editorial note: — Located 
 in Silver Spring Township near Samples Bridge.] 
 
 Sarah Hoge, another daughter of Jonathan Hoge, 
 married John Carothers, a man of exceptional ability, 
 and long a central figure in the vicinity of the Silver 
 Spring. In March, 1777, the Supreme Executive Coun- 
 cil created the office of county lieutenant, a most 
 arduous and responsible position. The county lieuten- 
 ant, with the aid of his sub-lieutenants, was required 
 to district the county, to enroll the militia and or- 
 ganize them into companies, hold elections for officers, 
 collect fines, purchase arms, munitions and sup- 
 plies, and represent generally the State government in 
 military matters. The office was first offered to John 
 Armstrong, of Carlisle, who declined it. It was then 
 offered to Ephraim Blaine, who also declined it. It 
 was next offered to James Galbreath, who because of 
 his age hesitated to undertake the task but without 
 formal introduction into office performed its duties 
 for a few months. John Carothers was then ap- 
 pointed to it and for over two years discharged its 
 trying duties very acceptably. While he was lieu- 
 tenant, James Gregory and John Trindle, who also 
 (42) 
 
were of the Silver Spring congregation, were two of 
 his sub -lieutenants. 
 
 The Hoges were a large, intelligent and eminently 
 patriotic family. During the Revolution they were so 
 active in the various lines of public duty that it is 
 difficult for the historian to allot to each individual 
 of them all the honor that is his due. David Hoge, 
 the brother of Jonathan, had a son, John, who is 
 apt to be confounded with Jonathan's son, John. 
 David's son, John, when sixteen years old, entered the 
 patriot army, and before the end of his term of 
 service rose to the rank of lieutenant. At the close 
 of the war he settled in Washington county, Pennsyl- 
 vania, from which section, in 1789, he was a delegate 
 to the State Constitutional Convention. Subsequently 
 he was a member of the State Senate, and also a 
 member of Congress. 
 
 When, in 1774, Ephraim Blaine relinquished the 
 mills on the Silver Springs, they passed into the 
 possession of George Gibson. George Gibson was of 
 a family which then already was distinguished for 
 its enterprise and patriotism. He was at the Silver 
 Spring only two years, but because of his honorable 
 lineage, and because of his distinguished connections 
 and distinguished personal career Silver Spring 
 treasures his memory and gladly reserves for him a 
 place in its history. On the breaking out of the 
 hostilities with the mother country, George Gibson en- 
 tered the service of the Province of Virginia at Fort 
 Pitt, where was stationed his brother, John, who 
 had preceded him into the service. The colonies being 
 in great need of powder for the army, George Gibson 
 was given command of a force of men and sent 
 down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to New Orleans, 
 which was then a Spanish possession, to there ob- 
 tain a supply. The agents of the British government 
 at New Orleans suspected Gibson and his men, and 
 kept them under surveillance, and to deceive them 
 Gibson was arrested and thrown into a Spanish 
 prison. Through the assistance of Oliver Pollock a 
 large quantity of powder was secured, part of which 
 was loaded into a schooner that lay in the harbor, 
 and the rest upon flat boats to be rowed up the 
 river by the hardy men from the backwoods of Vir- 
 (43) 
 
ginia and Pennsylvania. Simultaneously with the de- 
 parture of his men up the river Gibson mysteriously 
 escaped from prison, got upon the powder-ladened 
 schooner while the British spies slept, and sailed 
 away. Both the flat boats and the schooner safely 
 reached their destinations, the former at Fort Pitt 
 and the latter at Philadelphia. After his return from 
 this mission George Gibson became colonel of a Vir- 
 ginia regiment, the men of which were so noted for 
 good discipline, and orderly conduct that they were 
 called "Gibson's lambs." 
 
 George Gibson was a brother-in-law to Robert 
 Callender, Callender's second wife being a sister of 
 George Gibson. In all probability it was this re- 
 lationship that brought Gibson to the Silver Spring, 
 for the mills which he here operated were then still 
 the property of Robert Callender. While young Gib- 
 son lived at the Silver Spring he was yet a single 
 man, but was paying attention to Ann West, a 
 daughter of Judge Francis West, of the Sherman's 
 Valley, in what is now Perry county. A family 
 tradition relates that in visiting his sweetheart 
 George Gibson would go from the Silver Spring 
 to the Sherman's Valley on horseback, which then 
 was the most elegant method of travel young 
 swains could avail themselves of. His way lay across 
 the Sherman's creek, and there being no bridges he 
 had to ford the stream whether deep or shallow. 
 Upon one occasion he found the creek much swollen 
 by heavy rains, and in attempting to ford it his horse 
 plunged and threw him into the raging flood, where he 
 would have drowned had he not luckily caught hold 
 of his horse's tail and held on till the horse towed 
 him out upon the bank on the other side. He married 
 Miss West and from their union came Judge John 
 Bannister Gibson, chief justice of the Supreme Court 
 of Pennsylvania, and one of the most brilliant 
 jurists that ever graced the American bench; also 
 Gen. George Gibson, who for more than fifty years 
 was at the head of the commissary department of the 
 United States army. At the close of the Revolution 
 George Gibson settled in the Sherman's Valley, on 
 the West estate, which he acquired through his mar- 
 riage into the family. There he engaged at milling 
 (44) 
 
and farming. In October, 1785, he was appointed 
 county lieutenant, which office he held in 1791, when 
 the Indians of the Northwest Territory became 
 troublesome. Responding to the call of duty he 
 raised a regiment in Cumberland county, went to 
 assist in the efforts to subdue them, and in the dis- 
 astrous battle on the Miami, known in history as St. 
 Clair's defeat, he fell mortally wounded. 
 
 The James Galbreath, who was present at the con- 
 ference held at the house of George Croghan in May, 
 1750, was for more than thirty years a central figure 
 among the patriots of the Silver Spring. He was 
 twice sheriff of Lancaster county before Cumberland 
 county was taken from Lancaster, and after the 
 creation of Cumberland was one of the new county's 
 first justices of the peace. He died in 1786 and his 
 remains, and the remains of his wife, are buried at 
 the Derry Church, in what is now Dauphin county. 
 When he came into the Silver Spring section he 
 settled on the Conodoguinet on a tract of land of 
 which the farm now owned by S. A. Basehore was a 
 part. His advanced age prevented him from par- 
 ticipating actively in the war of the Revolution, but 
 the cause had his hearty S3rmpathy and the active 
 support of his six patriotic sons and two sons-in- 
 law. His son, Bertram, who remained at Donegal, 
 became lieutenant of Lancaster county, and his son, 
 Andrew, who was probably the youngest, enlisted 
 early and continued in the service to the very end of 
 the conflict. In 1776 he was appointed a major in 
 the organization known as the Flying Camp; was 
 captured and confined in the famous Jersey prison 
 ship, but exchanged, and for a time was on Gen. 
 Washington's staff. After the war he came into 
 possession of his father's estate on the Conodoguinet, 
 where he lived to the end of his days. He died in 
 March, 1806, and his remains rest in the burying 
 ground of the Silver Spring church. After his 
 death his widow removed to Carlisle where she lived 
 out the rest of her days. She died in the city of 
 Baltimore, but her remains Avere brought home and 
 buried beside those of her husband. 
 
 Major Andrew Galbreath left surviving him six 
 daughters, all of whom married into distinguished 
 
 (45) 
 
families, viz: Jane married Matthew Miller; Eliza- 
 beth married Dr. Kelso, of Harrisburg; Mary married 
 Michael Ege, of Middleton township, a famous iron 
 manufacturer; Sarah married John Bannister Gib- 
 son, the brilliant lawyer who became chief justice of 
 the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania; Barbara mar- 
 ried Charles P. Gordon, of North Carolina, and Ann 
 married Charles Hall, of Baltimore. 
 
 James Galbreath had a son, Robert, who mar- 
 ried Mary Hendricks, a daughter of Tobias Hendricks, 
 the pioneer. Robert's children, like those of his 
 brother, Andrew, were all girls, and consequently 
 neither perpetuated the Galbreath name beyond his 
 own generation. Robert Galbreath lived at Lisburn, 
 where for many years he owned a mill and carried 
 on an extensive and prosperous business. 
 
 Probably the greatest distinction that can be 
 claimed for patriotic services for any one from the 
 vicinity of the Silver Spring belongs to Capt. Wil- 
 liam Hendricks. On the 13th of July, 1775 — less 
 than a month after the battle of Bunker Hill was 
 fought — Capt. Hendricks left Cumberland county for 
 the war in command of a company of 90 men. At 
 Reading it and eight other companies were organized 
 into the First Rifle Regiment of Pennsylvania, with 
 William Thompson, a veteran of the Provincial wars, 
 as colonel. This regiment joined Washington's army 
 at Boston early in August, but Capt. Hendricks' 
 company was not permitted to long remain at Bos- 
 ton. It was one of the companies that were selected 
 by lot for the expedition against Quebec, through the 
 woods of Maine, under Col. Benedict Arnold. After 
 indescribable privations and hardships, the command 
 of which it was a part arrived at Quebec on the 8th 
 of December, and in the assault on that great strong- 
 hold, in the early morning hours of January 1, 1776, 
 Capt. Hendricks was killed, and he was the first 
 officer from west of the Hudson river to fall in the 
 cause of American liberty. 
 
 William Hendricks was not only brave and pa- 
 triotic but exceptionally magnanimous. In years he 
 was the youngest of all the captains on that 
 memorable march through the wilderness, but held 
 the oldest commission, which, according to military 
 
 (46) 
 
rule, entitled him to the command of the detachment, 
 but for the sake of j^eace he acquiesced in the selec- 
 tion of another, who had seen previous military 
 service. And when John McClelland, the gallant 
 lieutenant of his company, was dying and being car- 
 ried through the wilderness on the shoulders of his 
 men, this young captain from the vicinity of the Sil- 
 ver Spring, bore a share of the burden and helped 
 to care for him with the tenderness of a brother. 
 
 Judge Henry describes Capt. Hendricks as "a 
 young man, tali in stature, of mild and beautiful 
 countenance and a soul that was animated by a gen- 
 uine spark of heroism." His remains were interred 
 on the Plains of Abraham in the same enclosure with 
 those of Gen. Montgomery, but to this day there is 
 nowhere any memorial erected to Capt. William Hen- 
 dricks, the first officer from west of the Hudson to 
 fall in the Revolution. 
 
 Among the very prominent early Cumberland county 
 families were the Pollocks. They were numerous, as 
 well as prominent, and the name is a familiar one 
 upon the early records. One Oliver Pollock while 
 yet a young man, left this county to seek a field for 
 his ambitions in the West Indies. For some time he 
 engaged in the mercantile business in Havana, but 
 later went to New Orleans, where he remained longer, 
 also engaged at merchandizing. He prospered and 
 became very wealthy and influential. Although living 
 under a foreign flag Oliver Pollock never lost his love 
 for the land of his birth, and when the American 
 colonies rebelled against British intolerance he joined 
 them in the struggle and gave them the full benefit 
 of his influence and fortune. He was the authorized 
 agent for the colonies at New Orleans and it was 
 he who so successfully helped George Gibson to a sup- 
 ply of powder in that city. In his aid of the colonies 
 Oliver Pollock ruined his business and impoverished 
 himself. With the hope of recuperating pecuniarily 
 he left New Orleans at the close of the Revolution and 
 came to Philadelphia. From Philadelphia he, in 1791, 
 came to the Silver Spring, where he purchased the 
 large Silver estate and all it included. He then en- 
 tered zealously into business, and also into politics, 
 but the luck of his earlier years had changed and he 
 
 (47) 
 
failed in nearly everything he undertook. His debts 
 hampered and harrassed him in season and out of 
 season and in the year 1800 he for awhile was con- 
 fined in the debtor's prison in Philadelphia. He three 
 times was a candidate for Congress, but every time 
 was defeated, twice by another Silver Spring Presby- 
 terian, Robert Whitehill. 
 
 Oliver Pollock first married Margaret O'Brien, a 
 representative of two distinguished Irish families. 
 She was an intelligent, cultured, Christian woman- 
 pious, benevolent and kind. She died in January, 
 1799, and is buried at the Silver Spring, and her 
 grave is not marked. A son, James, who was killed at 
 the Silver Spring by being thrown from a horse, is 
 buried by the side of his mother, also in an unmarked 
 grave. Oliver Pollock for his second wife married 
 a Baltimore woman, whom he also outlived. After 
 the death of his second wife he removed to Pinkney- 
 ville, Mississippi, where, in December, 1823, he died in 
 the home of his son-in-law, Dr. Samuel Robinson, at a 
 great age. 
 
 The story of the patriots of the Silver Spring is 
 radiant with shining examples, and could be amplified 
 indefinitely. Those who have been touched upon in 
 this paper are only a few of the many whose deeds 
 of valor and sacrifice deserve to be recorded. During 
 the Revolution nearly every man who was capable of 
 bearing arms, or in some way doing something for 
 the cause, was at the front at some time or another. 
 There were no Tories at the Silver Spring; all were 
 patriots. They were in the Continental Line, in the 
 Flying Camp, and especially numerous in the militia. 
 There were Irvines, and Armstrongs, and Carothers, 
 and Clendenins, and Hustons, and Humes, and Jun- 
 kens, and Lambs, and Loudons, and Mateers, and 
 Moors, and McCormicks, and Walkers, and Works, 
 and Olivers, and Orrs, and Quigleys, and Scotts, and 
 Starrs. Among the militia Silver Spring has to its 
 credit a Capt. John Clendenin, a Capt. John Carothers, 
 a Capt. John McCormick, a Capt. James Sample, a 
 Capt. Alexander Trindle, a Capt. John Trindle, a 
 Capt. John McTeer, a Capt. John Lamb, a Capt. 
 Samuel Wallace, a Lieut. William Harkness, and 
 
 (48) 
 
others we know not of. Compiling history is not a 
 matter of a week, or of a few weeks, but of years. 
 
 At the Donegal Presbyterian church stands a large 
 granite monument, erected by the Daughters of the 
 American Revolution, to the memory of the patriot- 
 ism of Donegal. Upon its sides are inscribed the 
 names of soldiers, from Donegal, who served in the 
 Indian and the Revolutionary wars, and it is a gal- 
 lant array of names and the monument is a tribute 
 to their memory worthily bestowed. Some day the 
 Daughters of the American Revolution will erect a 
 similar monument to the memory of the patriots of 
 the Silver Spring, and when they do they will erect 
 one of great size and with ample sides, for the names 
 that deserve to be inscribed upon it are many. 
 
 Mrs. Roy G. Cox, of Harrisburg, Pa., sang the fol- 
 lowing solo : "But the Lord Is Mindful of His Own" 
 (St. Paul), Mendelssohn. 
 
 The Chairman, introducing the next speaker, spoke i 
 as follows: 
 
 "The able and beloved pastor of Market Square 
 Presbyterian church, and Moderator of the Presby- 
 tery of Carlisle, Rev. J. Ritchie Smith, D. D., will now 
 address us." 
 
 (49) 
 
ADDRESS OF REV. J. RITCHIE SMITH, D. D. 
 
 ^ "Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen : The occa- 
 sion is one that calls for hearty congratulation. Men 
 grow old with the flight of years, but institutions and 
 churches may grow younger and stronger as time 
 rolls by, ever recruiting their energies with fresh lives 
 that are devoted to their service. We are in peculiar- 
 ly fitting circumstances here to-day, because I sup- 
 pose we are reproducing, in part, at least, the scene 
 amid which the earliest worship on this spot was 
 conducted. In that day, I presume there was no Gov- 
 ernor present to grace the occasion; I presume there 
 were no reporters to take down what they could and 
 fill up the rest; and I am very sure that we entertain 
 to-day no apprehension about that scarcity of pro- 
 vision of which one of the first ministers called to 
 this spot stood in fear and refused to come. But 
 certainly under these beautiful trees and amid this 
 magnificent scenery we are worshiping God to-day 
 under somewhat similar circumstances to those under 
 which the fathers of the valley worshiped here so 
 long ago. Our imagination kindles when we think of 
 the origin of this church. It was in the day when 
 the American continent was divided between the 
 Frenchman, the Spaniard and the Englishman, when 
 the French held that great country of Canada and 
 the great river, the father of waters; when the 
 Spaniard held the southwest of this vast continent; 
 and when the Englishman was shut up within a narrow 
 fringe of territory along the shore of the Atlantic. 
 It was the day when George the Second sat upon the 
 throne of England, "Snufify old drone from the Ger- 
 man hive," as Oliver Wendell Holmes elegantly calls 
 him; when George Washington was a babe in aiTus; 
 before Wolfe climbed the heights of Abraham and un- 
 der the walls of Quebec leveled to the dust the vast 
 fabric of the French empire on this western continent. 
 (50) 
 
"We are looking back to a time when the Indian roved 
 far and wide. 
 
 I was in the city of Pittsburg not very long since 
 and I visited some of the spots which modern in- 
 dustry and art have made famous the wide world 
 around, but I confess the most interesting thing I 
 saw there was an old relic, a block house, built by 
 the French, bearing upon it the date of 1763. That 
 block house was the outpost of civilization on the 
 western frontier of the continent, and that was nearly 
 thirty years after this church had had its birth. 
 
 If we should go over to England we should discover 
 that the bright lights in the literary firmament of that 
 generation and the generation succeeding were Pope, 
 Fielding, Gray, Goldsmith, Swift and other men asso- 
 ciated with them and scarcely less renowned, and the 
 dictator of the world of letters, old Samuel Johnson. 
 And we are thus reminded that we are carried back 
 in the history of this church to the Augustan age of 
 English literature. 
 
 Now these things kindle the imagination, I say, 
 when we remember through what an eventful period 
 of time this church has lived. Back to the beginning 
 of this republic, back to the generation beyond it, ex- 
 tending to the frontier pioneer days when men fought 
 the savage in the wilderness, through this vast period 
 of history this church has held on the tenor — not, I 
 suppose, always the even tenor — but the unbroken 
 tenor of its way, and stands to-day still in un- 
 duninished strength and vigor. This church has wit- 
 nessed the rise and fall of kingdoms and empires. It 
 has seen some of the greatest wars in history. It has 
 known revolutions of peace more significant than any 
 conquest on the fields of battle, and among them all 
 this church through vicissitudes of war and peace has 
 held on its way. And I take it we have here the figure 
 of the kingdom of God, and the church of God, which 
 stands essentially unchanged amid all the changes of 
 human affairs that are going on around it, the same 
 church, here and everywhere essentially the same, in 
 all the centuries, worshiping the same God, follow- 
 ing the same Saviour and pointing men to the same 
 heavenly home. 
 
 But I think we are to remember that this church 
 (51) 
 
has not only witnessed this marvelous history, but 
 this church has had a part in shaping this marvelous 
 history, this development which six generations, one 
 after the other, have helped to fonxi. We in America 
 with our pride of wealth and boast of industrial de- 
 velopment and our magnifying of those things which 
 make for wealth and comfort, we are to remember 
 and never to lose an occasion of reminding ourselves 
 that the foundation, and the inspiring and shaping 
 influences of our country from the beginning of its 
 history, have not been industrial or financial or legis- 
 lative, but have been intellectual, moral and religious, 
 and we are standing here to-day on this historic spot 
 commemorating the anniversary of this church to bear 
 witness that among all the forces that have gone to 
 the shaping of this nation, this church and the other 
 churches like it the country over, have been the most 
 potent. 
 
 And we remember here to-day not only the little 
 work, comparatively speaking, that has been done in 
 this single spot, but we remember, also, that from this 
 church as a center of influence and power men and 
 women have been going forth all over this land, and I 
 presume far beyond the bounds of the republic, and 
 have been bearing with them generation after genera- 
 tion the truth here taught, the lessons here learned, 
 the character here formed, the inspiring influences 
 here begotten in them, and have made the name and 
 the power of this church felt whithersoever they have 
 gone. To remember that for nearly two centuries in 
 this place the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ has 
 been preached, the rites of the church have been ad- 
 ministered, the sacraments have been observed, the 
 dead here laid away to rest, men and women united in 
 holy matrimony according to the teachings of God's 
 word, their offspring consecrated in holy baptism, and 
 that there has been entering into the hearts and lives 
 of the men and women of generation after generation 
 the influence of the gospel of Christ — that is some- 
 thing, I say, to kindle the imagination and make us 
 give thanks to God for the magnificent work of the 
 church that he has planted here among the sons of 
 men. We remember how far the influence of this 
 church has reached. We remember how many lives 
 
 (52) 
 
have beeu touched by it, what a large part it has 
 played in the intellectual and spiritual unfolding of 
 the land in which we live as its sons and daughters 
 have gone out far and wide the world over. And we 
 remember that the church of the Lord Jesus Christ is 
 the only agency whose sole business it is to advance 
 the kingdom of God among the sons of men. There 
 are other agencies that are doing it. Civil govern- 
 ment is doing it so far as it is conformed to the 
 teachings of God's word. Business enterprises are 
 doing it in their measure. Many influences are at 
 work, but there is only one agency whose sole busi- 
 ness and purpose it is to advance the kingdom of God, 
 which is righteousness and peace and joy, the reign 
 of God in the soul of man, only one agency, and that 
 is the church of the Lord Jesus with its allied and 
 affiliated organizations. And this church to-day we 
 honor because for nearly two hundred years it has 
 been true to that mission. We remember the godly 
 men of its ministry. We remember the fathers and 
 mothers who have been faithful here. We remember 
 the children who have grown up beneath the shadow 
 of these trees and under the influences of this church, 
 and we thank God for all that He has done here for 
 His people and through His people to strengthen this 
 community and to strengthen this commonwealth and 
 to strengthen this republic in which we live. And may 
 God grant that this church may long abide in strength. 
 May He grant grace to this beloved minister whom 
 everybody honors and everybody loves, who has 
 walked among these people as a man of God for more 
 than thirty years, the lifetime of a whole generation; 
 and may He grant that the church may increase in 
 love and power, ever enriched with the gifts and 
 graces of the Holy Spirit and ever bearing fruit unto 
 the glory of God in the salvation of men. 
 
 Mrs. Harris and Mrs. Cox then sang the duet, 
 ''Hark ! Hark ! My Soul," Shelley. 
 
 The following introduction was then made by the 
 Chairman : 
 
 (53) 
 
"Pennsylvanians can congratulate themselves that 
 they have at the head of this Commonwealth a wise 
 and a good and a great man, a man who recognizes 
 government of the people and by the people, and whose 
 rule has been in wisdom and in righteousness and for 
 the good of the people — the people's Governor. He 
 has honored us by his presence and it is a great 
 pleasure to introduce to you Honorable Edwin S. 
 Stuart." 
 
 (54) 
 
ADDRESS BY HONORABLE EDWIN S. STUART, 
 GOVERNOR OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 Mr. Chainnan, Ladies and Gentlemen: I did not 
 catch exactly whether my friend, the Keverend Doctor 
 Smith, said that the founders of this church did not 
 have a Governor with them, or that they ought to have 
 been thankful that they did not. However, I am very 
 happy to be with you to-day, and, while I did not 
 come for the purpose of making an extended address, 
 I did come to have the pleasure of mingling among a 
 people who have done so much for Pennsylvania. 
 
 I am reminded of a story concerning an old Scotch 
 woman, Jennie McPhersou, who had experienced hard 
 times and was in poor health — naturally, hard times 
 and ill health had somewhat soured her disposition, but 
 no matter what the weather was, she was always in 
 the "kirk" on Sabbath morning. One dreary, drizzling, 
 Sabbath morning, she was in the church at her usual 
 place, with not very many other people present. The 
 minister came up the aisle, and seeing Jennie in her 
 accustomed place near the center, he approached her 
 and said : "Jennie, it is a very disagreeable, wet morn- 
 ing." "Oh, well," she said, "never mind; it will be 
 dry enough when you get in the pulpit." (Laughter.) 
 
 As a Pennsylvanian, and, I may say, as a descendant 
 of the Scotch-Irish race, I am here to-day to show 
 by my presence the great interest that all Pennsyl- 
 vanians ought to take in them. The Scotch-Irish 
 which composed so much of this part of the country 
 in the beginning, and did so much for Pennsylvania, 
 started the emigration which came to Philadelphia 
 and gradually extended northeastwardly and then 
 along through Lancaster and down the Cumberland 
 Valley all the way into Virginia, Tennessee and North 
 and South Carolina. Every place they went they 
 were pioneers. They carried with them the rifle, axe, 
 and Bible. They believed in doing right because it 
 was right to do so. 
 
The old Log College, organized in Bucks county 
 thirteen years before this church was founded, con- 
 cerning which, no doubt, you are all familiar, was the 
 cradle of American Presb.yterianism. It was only 
 some twenty by eighteen feet in size. Stille, in his 
 Life of Dickinson, in 1740, says that one-fourth of 
 the entire population of Pennsj'lvania at that time 
 were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, and they were found 
 mainly in what was then Cumberland and York 
 counties, now including Franklin and Adams counties, 
 and from 1736 until 1740, no less than eight strong 
 churches were organized in this immediate valley. 
 My friends, the State of Pennsylvania has grown 
 from that time, from a population of a few thousand 
 on the banks of the Delaware, until to-day, with a 
 population of about seven millions, making her one 
 of the leading Commonwealths in the Union; and that 
 which brought those sturdy emigrants to our shores, — 
 civil and religious liberty, the right . to worship God 
 according to the dictates of one's own conscience, 
 guaranteed by the founder, William Penn, stands true 
 at the present time, for in this State and in this 
 country we have room for any and all who choose 
 to come to us, and are willing to act as your ancestry 
 and take upon themselves the responsibility of Ameri- 
 can citizenship, but we say to them, as was practiced 
 by the people who founded this church and this valley, 
 if they come here they must do as we do, bow their 
 knee to the majesty and supremacy of the law. There 
 is no room here for those who want to violate the 
 law. The flag which stands for liberty, which guar- 
 antees liberty to every citizen and every person, 
 means liberty and not license — means that you must 
 behave yourself and be a good, sturdy American citi- 
 zen, and with that understanding we welcome you. 
 The law is strong enough and can never be success- 
 fully defied b}'^ any man, and at the same time it is 
 strong enough to protect the most humble within our 
 borders. 
 
 One of the great characteristics of the Scotch- 
 Irish people was that every place they emigrated and 
 every place they went they founded a church, and 
 alongside of it erected a school house. The cause of 
 education we must all endeavor to develop, because 
 
 (56) 
 
every school house erected is an additional prop 
 toward the perpetuity and support of the Republic. 
 The State of Pennsylvania appropriated to the com- 
 mon school education, for two years, the enormous 
 sum of fifteen millions of dollars, — the largest amount 
 appropriated by any State in the Union, and I con- 
 tend there is no money spent by the State for which 
 there are better returns. 
 
 And that, my friends, the cause of education, is the 
 one thing you want to develop in this republic, be- 
 cause every schoolhouse built, every public school, is 
 an additional prop towards the perpetuity and sup- 
 port of this republic. The State of Pennsylvania ap- 
 propriates to the common school system in Pennsyl- 
 vania for two years the enormous sum of fifteen mil- 
 lions of dollars, the largest amount appropriated by 
 any State in the Union, and I contend that there is no 
 money spent by the State for which there are better 
 returns than for the money appropriated to the 
 common school education, and if we build a church 
 and alongside of the church plant a schoolhouse and 
 teach the children in the nurture and admonition of 
 the Lord this republic is safe, and the only way that 
 it will be safe. 
 
 Rev. T. J. Ferguson remarked: "I think, as a 
 matter of fact, the first congregation that gathered 
 here was glad there was no representative of the 
 State present, for the pastor had fallen into disfavor 
 with the officials and the authorities threatened to 
 send the constable and drag him out of his pulpit and 
 lead him by the horse's tail to Newtown, — wherever 
 that was. But I am glad to say that we are on bet- 
 ter terms with the governing power and the simple 
 reason is that the ministry and the church have 
 nothing to criticize in the administration of Governor 
 Stuart." 
 
 HYMN. 
 
 All hail the power of Jesus name 
 
 Let angels prostrate fall; 
 Bring forth the royal diadem, 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 (57) 
 
Let every kindred, every tribe, 
 
 On this terrestrial ball 
 To Him all majesty ascribe 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 0, that with yonder sacred throng 
 
 We at His feet may fall; 
 We'll join the everlasting song 
 
 And crown Him Lord of all. 
 
 The Chairman then said: "My brother. Rev. R. G. 
 Ferguson, will lead us in prayer." 
 
 "0 Lord, we recognize Thee as the Lord of all. We 
 have been tracing the history of Thy people as Thou 
 hast led them during almost two centuries in this 
 place and in this region. We can recognize the hand 
 of God in this history. We would believe after all 
 that Thou only art great. There are indeed great 
 men as comijared one with another, but we, every one 
 of us, bow our heads down before Thee. Thou art the 
 Almighty, the Infinite, the Holy, the Just. Thou art 
 the God and the Father of our Lord and Saviour, 
 Jesus Christ. Thou hast sent Thy Son into this 
 world to be our Redeemer. Thou hast laid our 
 iniquities upon Him and provided for us sinners a 
 complete salvation. Thou hast put into our hearts 
 the gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ. Thou hast sent 
 faithful men in Thy name to tell the good tidings of 
 Thy love and compassion. For all this we bless Thee 
 and praise Thy great and holy name. We bless Thee 
 for our godly ancestry, for the ancestry that 
 worshiped God, that loved our Saviour Jesus Christ, 
 that lived by faith in His name. They were devoted to 
 His cause, that wherever they went they built an altar 
 to the honor of God, they built a church in which to 
 praise and worship His holy name. 
 
 'We bless Thee for the ancestry that were pa- 
 triotic, that were law abiding, that laid the founda- 
 tion of our republic in liberty and in righteousness. 
 We bless Thee for this inspiring day that recalls to 
 us all these things concerning our ancestry. Lord 
 grant that we here to-day may get a new inspiration 
 from what we have heard of the past; may we learn 
 to dedicate ourselves more fully and more loyally to 
 (58) 
 
the God of our fathers and to the kmgdom of our 
 Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. May we stand for 
 truth and liberty and righteousness in all the com- 
 munities in which Thou dost place us, and, God, 
 we beseech Thee that Thy blessing may abide in this 
 place. We thank Thee for the succession of godly 
 men who have here proclaimed the gospel, for the suc- 
 cession of godly generations that have here gathered 
 together to worship; and we pray that this generation 
 may abide, that long may it be true that here the 
 gospel is preached and Jesus' glory is advanced, long 
 may it be true that Thy people shall gather here to 
 worship Thy name. 
 
 **May an especial blessing abide upon the present 
 pastor of the people and upon all the people con- 
 nected with this church at this time; and grant that 
 here Thy kingdom may be established and that the 
 grace of our Lord Jesus Christ may be given 
 abundantly and that this, Thy people, may grow in 
 faith, holiness and service to our Lord and Redeemer, 
 and grant that they may be established in all their 
 ways. And all these things and infinitely more, that 
 Thou art ready to give and that Thou knowest they 
 may need, grant unto them in the years that are to 
 come. We ask it all in the name of jesus Christ, our 
 divine Redeemer. Amen." 
 
 By REV. T. J. FERGUSON: "As has been in- 
 timated, one of the early supplies at Silver Spring 
 appointed to preach here did not fill the appointment, 
 and the reason he gave to the Presbytery was that 
 there was a scarcity of provender at that time, and, 
 in view of the facts, the reason was sustained. I 
 know there is no scarcity of provender to-day and 
 this company of friends who have honored us with 
 their presence are invited to enjoy our hospitality. I 
 have been requested to ask those who have chairs and 
 seats to remain seated after the benediction and they 
 will be served, and those who are standing will look 
 about the church and chapel until their turn comes to 
 occupy those seats and enjoy the refreshments. 
 
 "I will call your attention to some of the things that 
 you may find in the chapel. The old communion 
 service, bearing the date of 1748, made in London by 
 (59) 
 
John Townsend, and the communion tokens, with 
 some letters upon them, "S. W." on them, standing for 
 Samuel Waugh, who was one of the pastors. And 
 there is also a book, the story of Count Zinsendorff. 
 It was a reward given by Rev. George Morris to a boy 
 of eight years for coming to the parsonage and re- 
 citing the Epistle of James, and the holder of that 
 book, Mr. Joseph Bosler, of Carlisle, prizes it among 
 his precious possessions." 
 
 BENEDICTION. 
 
 REV. THOMAS C. McCARRELL. "And now may 
 the grace of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, the 
 love of God our Father, and the communion of the 
 Holy Ghost, our Comforter, abide with each one of 
 you evermore. Amen." 
 
 (60) 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 HISTORICAL NOTES 
 
 PETITION FROM INHABITANTS OF EAST 
 
 PENNSBOROUGH TOWNSHIP, AUGUST 
 
 24, 1756. 
 
 The Humble Supplication of the remaining part of 
 the Inhabitants of East Penborrow township, in Cober- 
 land County, Leting your Worship Know Some part of 
 our Melancoly State we are in at present by the 
 Savage Indians, which has not only Kild our Christian 
 Neighbours, but are coming nearer to us in their Late 
 Slaughter, and Almost every Day Members of our 
 frontiers are Laving their places and traviling further 
 Down amongst the Inhabitants, and we are made 
 Quite incapable of holding our frontiers Good any 
 Longer, unless Your Worship can prevail with our 
 Hon. Governour and Assembly, be please to Send us 
 Speedy Relife. May it pleas all to whom this shall 
 Come to Consider what an Evil Case we will be Ex- 
 posed to in Leaving our places, and Grain and Cattle, 
 for we are not able to boy Provisions for our familys, 
 much Less for our Cattle. And to live here we Can- 
 not, we are so Weake handed, and what is unmoved 
 is not provided with Guns and Amunition, and we 
 have agreed with a gard of fourteen men in number, 
 and if it were in our power to pay for a Geard we 
 should be Satisfyed but we are not able to pay them. 
 Beging for God's sake you may take pity upon our 
 familys, and their necessities may be considered by 
 all Gentlemen that has the Charge of Us. 
 
 Dated August Ye 24th, 1756. 
 
 by the humble Requist of what Remaines of the 
 Inhabitants of our township, to the Rev. Richard 
 
 (61) 
 
Fetters, Secratory, in Pheledelphia. beging God to 
 Command A blessing upon your Endeavours. 
 
 William Chasnat, Tobias Hendrix, 
 
 John Sample, John McCormick, 
 
 Francis McGuire, Rodger Walton, 
 
 James McMullen, Robert McWTiiney, 
 
 Samuel McCormick, James Silleyn.* 
 
 *Probably John Silvers. 
 
 A PROMISSORY NOTE TO REV. JOHN STEEL. 
 
 A promissory note was given to Rev. Mr. Steel in 
 1768, and signed by forty-two persons in this con- 
 gregation. The names of many of them are familiar 
 to us, and the descendants of some of them are with 
 us to-day. It is as follows: 
 
 "Whereas at the union of the Congregations of Car- 
 lisle and Lower Pennsborough in April 1764 it was 
 agreed that each congregation should pay £75 pounds 
 to Mr. John Steel, our minister, as stipends, yearly 
 and every year from time of said union, and said 
 agreement was signed by six men of each congrega- 
 tion in the name and behalf of said Congregation, 
 
 Now in order to give ease and relief to said six 
 men who signed in behalf of the Congregation of 
 Lower Pennsborough, and at the same time to secure 
 to our said minister his yearly stipends, said Congre- 
 gation have this day concluded that forty two men 
 shall give their promissary note to said John Steel 
 for his yearly stipends, and that said forty-two men 
 shall be a fix'd committee of said Congregation, and 
 have power to regulate seats and order all the other 
 affairs of said congregation. Therefore, in conse- 
 quence of said agreement, and to answer the above 
 said ends, we the subscribers, with the consent and 
 by the appointment of said congregation, do offer 
 ourselves and accordingly become jointly bound to Mr. 
 John Steel, our present minister, to pay him, yearly 
 and every year, the sum of seventy-five pounds, good 
 and lawful money of Pennsylvania, at or upon the first 
 day of April, in every year following the date hereof. 
 
including the stipends of seventy-five pounds due to 
 our said minister for the year past April, 1768 and 
 what arrears may be due to our said minister for the 
 years 1765 and 1766, all which we bind ourselves to 
 pay or cause to be paid unto said John Steel, accord- 
 ing to the true intent and meaning of the agreement 
 made nt the union of said congregations, as witness 
 our hands this twentieth and seventh day of June, 
 1768. 
 
 Moses Star, 
 James Crawford, 
 Joseph MeClure, 
 
 Abernethy, 
 
 Andrew Armstrong, 
 John Caruthers, 
 John McTeer, 
 James McCurdy, 
 William McCormick, 
 John Carothers, 
 James Nailer, 
 Jaines Oliver, 
 Samuel Fisher, 
 John Dickey, Sen., 
 Thomas Donaldson, 
 William McTeer, 
 Thomas McCormick, 
 David Hoge, 
 William Orr, 
 John Nailer, 
 John Trindle, 
 
 William Gray, 
 Christopher Qiiigley, 
 Edward Morton, 
 Samuel Geddis, 
 Andrew Ervin, 
 James Caruthers, 
 Jonathan Hoge, 
 Samuel Huston, 
 John Semple, 
 John McCormick, 
 William Trindle, 
 Alexander Trindle, 
 Hugh Laird, 
 Thomas Stewart, 
 James McTeer, 
 Patrick Holmes, 
 David Bell, 
 Nathaniel Nelson, 
 William Geddis, 
 Mathew Loudon." 
 
 ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS TO REV. JOHN 
 
 STEEL, PASTOR OF SILVER SPRING 
 
 CHURCH 1764-1776. 
 
 With these instructions, you will receive a Com 
 mission appointing you Captain of a Company in tht 
 pay of the Province, which is to be made up by 
 Draughts of thirteen men out of Each of the Com- 
 panys composed of James Burd, Hanse Hamilton, 
 James Patterson and Hugh Mercer, Esqr., to whom I 
 
 (63) 
 
now send orders to make the Draughts aecordmgly, 
 and also a Commission appointing James Holloday 
 your Lieutent. You v,'ill, therefore, as soon as may 
 be after your arrival in Cumberland county, send an 
 officer with my Orders to the several Captains to 
 whom they are directed, to receive from them the 
 Draughts agreeable to my orders. 
 
 When you have formed your Company you are to 
 take post at McDowell's Mill, upon the road to the 
 Ohio, which you are to make your Head Quarters, 
 and to detach Patroling partys from time to time 
 to scour the woods, in such manner as you shall 
 judge most consistent with the safety of the in- 
 habitants. In case any of the men you receive should 
 be unfit for service you are to pay & discharge them, 
 and inlist others in their stead, taking care to observe 
 the form of Inlistment prescribed to Capt. Potter, from 
 whom you will receive Copys of the papers necessary 
 to guide you in this particular. 
 
 You are to inform me from time to time of what 
 you do, and of everything material that happens upon 
 that part of the frontier, and of the number and Mo- 
 tions of any Body of French or Indians that you 
 shall receive intelligence of. 
 
 You are to apply to Mr. Adam Hoops, for the 
 Provincial allowance of Provision for the men under 
 your comamnd. 
 
 Given under my Hand, this twenty-fifth day of 
 March, 1756. Indorsed: Orders of Instructions to 
 John Steel, Esqr., 25 March 1756. 
 
 REV. JOHN STEEL TO GOV. MORRIS, 1756. 
 
 May it please Your Honour: 
 
 Upon my Return to Cumberland County, I applied 
 immediately to Capt. Burd & Capt. Patterson, for the 
 draughts of their companies, according to your 
 Honour's instructions; But the time for which most 
 of their men had been Enlisted Being Expired, they 
 eou'd not fulfill your Honour's Orders. 
 
 Most of the Forts has not Receiv'd their full com- 
 pliment of Guns, but were in a great measure Sup- 
 (64) 
 
plied by the Arms the Youne: Men had brought with 
 them. Capt. Patterson had Keceiv'd but thirty-three 
 fire-arms. Capt. Mercer has not so many, but is 
 Supplied by Mr. Croghan's Arms, & Capt. Hamilton 
 has lost a considerable number of his at the Late Skir- 
 mish beyond Sideling Hill. As I can neither have 
 the Men, Arms, nor Blankets, I am obliged to applv 
 to your Honour for them; the Necessity of our Cir- 
 cumstances has obliged me to muster, before two Mag- 
 istrates, the one half of my Company whom I En- 
 listed, and oblig'd to Borrow Guns. I pray that with 
 all possible Expedition, fifty-four fire-anus & as many 
 Blankets & a Quantity of tlints may be sent to me, for 
 since McCord's Fort has been taken, & ye men de- 
 feated, yt pursued. Our Country is in the utmost con- 
 fusion. Great Numbers have left the country & many 
 are preparing to follow. May it please your Honour, 
 to allow me an Ensign, for I find yt a Serjeant's pay 
 will not prevail with men to Enlist in whom much con- 
 fidence is to be Respos'd. I Beg Leave to Recommend 
 Archibald Erwin to your Honour for this purpose. As 
 Mr. Hoops can give your Honour a particular Account 
 of the Late incursions of the Enemy, I need not truble 
 your Honour with any Account of mine. I am your 
 honour's, 
 
 Most Obliged Humble Serv't, 
 
 John Steel. 
 Peters Township, in Cumberland, April 11th, 1756. 
 
 Directed: To the Hon. Robt. H. Morris, Esq., 
 Governor of Pennsylvania, &e., favr of Adam Hoops, 
 Esq. 
 
 Indorsed: Letter from the Reverend Capt Steel to 
 the Gov, April 21, 1756. 
 
 (65) 
 
PASTORS OF THE CHURCH SINCE ITS 
 FOUNDATION. 
 
 Rev. Sam'l Thomson, 1739. . . .1745 
 
 Rev. Sam'l Caven 1749. . . .1750 
 
 Rev. John Steel, .1764 1776 
 
 Rev. Sam'l Waugh, 1782 .... 1807 
 
 Rev. John Hayes, 1808. . . .1814 
 
 Rev. Henry R. Wilson, 1814. . . . 1823 
 
 Rev. James Williamson, 1824 .... 1838 
 
 Rev. George Morris, 1838. . . .1860 
 
 Rev. Wm. H. Dinsmore, 1861 . , . . 1865 
 
 Rev. W. G. Hillman, 1866. . . .1867 
 
 Rev. W. B. McKee, 1868. . . .1870 
 
 Rev. R. P. Gibson, 1872. . . .1875 
 
 Rev. T. J. Ferguson, 1878 
 
 RULING ELDERS 01" THE CHURCH SINCE ITS 
 FOUNDATION. 
 
 1814. 
 
 James Gregory, 
 
 1814. 
 
 Walter Gregory. 
 
 Wm. Mateer, 
 
 1835. 
 
 John Elliott. 
 
 Benjamin Anderson 
 
 I. 
 
 Isaac W. Snowden. 
 
 William Bryson. 
 
 
 John Mateer, Sen. 
 
 Thomas Fisher. 
 
 
 Isaac Adams. 
 
 Andrew Carothers. 
 
 1840. 
 
 Francis Eccles. 
 
 William Orr. 
 
 
 Robert G. Young. 
 
 James Griffen. 
 
 1860. 
 
 Charles Hyers. 
 
 John Clenendin. 
 
 
 James Eckels. 
 
 James Graham. 
 
 
 John Clendenin. 
 
 John Culbertson. 
 
 
 Robert Bucher. 
 
 Samuel Adams. 
 
 1883. 
 
 Wm, Irvine. 
 
 James Dunlap. 
 
 
 W. H. Loose. 
 
 James Mateer. 
 
 1886. 
 
 W. Jay Meily. 
 
 
 1901. 
 
 Milton S. Mumma. 
 
 
 1902. 
 
 Albert L. Brubaker. 
 
DIAGRAMS SHOWING PEWHOLDERS IN 1819, 
 1829-1866, 1866-1884 
 
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My Dear Mr. Zeamer: 
 
 Permit me to thank you for your History of the Men of Silver Spring, 
 coupled with an account of the exercises on the occasion of the Anniversary. 
 I read the pamphlet with great interest, which certainly is attractively com- 
 posed and gives evidence of great labor and research. You indeed deserve the 
 highest commendation for your energy and devotion in keeping alive the men 
 and memories of other and cherished days. Your success is most flattering. 
 From letter of HORACE J. CULBERTSON, Esq., 
 
 Lewistown, Pa. 
 
 Mr. Jere Zeamer, 
 Dear Sir: 
 
 About the finest publication I have received of late was the "One Hun- 
 dred and vSeventy Fifth Anniversary of the Silver Spring Presbyterian Church, 
 August o, 1909," due to your great kindness. Your paper is splendid. It is 
 great. You are ahead of us all in writing out local history. In that paper you 
 give us the earlier chapters of the lives of our own pioneers. 
 
 From letter of HON. BOYD CRUMRINE, 
 President Wa.shington Co. Historical Society, 
 
 Washington, Pa. 
 
 Mr. J. Zeamer, 
 
 My Dear Sir:— I had the reading of your paper a few days ago and find 
 it exceedingly full and interesting, and a valuable contribution to local history, 
 and in fact general history. 
 
 From letter of REV. T. J. FERGUSON, 
 
 Pastor Silver vSpring Presbyterian Church 
 
Princeton Theological Seminary Libraries 
 
 1 1012 01185 2524 
 
px 9211 .P47055 S506 1909 
 
 Exercises in commemoration 
 of the one hundred and