Cibrarjp of t:he t:heolo3ical ^eminarjp 
 
 PRINCETON . NEW JERSEY 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARY OF 
 ROBERT ELLIOTT SPEER 
 

 VITAL TRUTHSU 
 
 APR 13 13,9 
 
 RESPECTING GOD AND MAN 
 
 IN SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT 
 
 WITH CLEAR CONCISE STATEMENTS 
 
 By J. GLENTWORTH BUTLER, D.D. 
 
 ^ Bible ®ext Book 
 
 FOR 
 
 MISSIONARY TRAINING AND BIBLE-STUDY SCHOOLS; 
 
 ADVANCED CLASSES IN CHURCHES, ENDEAVOR AND CHRISTIAN 
 
 ASSOCIATIONS, AND HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS; 
 
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 ALL BIBLE TEACHERS, STUDENTS, AND THOUGHTFUL READERS. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA 
 
 THE WESTMINSTER PRESS 
 
 igo4 
 
" Piety is nourished by Scriptural truth. . . . The high- 
 est type of rehgion — reHgion which fills the soul and stirs every 
 muscle of holy enterprise ; which absorbs us in rapturous con- 
 templation of the Divine Glory, and embraces the world in its 
 benevolent zeal ; which renders one's own heart an altar on 
 which daily incense rises to God. and pants to hear the voice' 
 of praise ascending from all mankind — is inspired by the 
 Divine Spirit in connection with the highest forms of truth." 
 Prof. Henry B. Smith. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Explanatory ■ • 3 
 
 Scheme of Truths Herein Presented 4> 5 
 
 Vital Scripture Truths . . 6 
 
 Alphabetical Index to Topics 267 
 
 Copyright by J. Glentworth Butler, igo^ 
 
EXPLANATORY. 
 
 The Method of the Volume is simple but thorough. All the 
 texts bearing upon each subject or truth have been carefully 
 gathered and closely studied as to the explicit and implicit teach- 
 ings of each text. From this study an analysis is made of the 
 several distinctive points of the subject or truth. These points 
 are then drawn out in definite, concise statements or proposi- 
 tions, arranged in a natural order, to each of whicli are 
 directly attached the texts which suggested and svistain it. 
 If the subject or truth has relations or affinities with other 
 truths, these also are definitely stated and the texts attached. 
 Closely allied subjects are grouped together in order to their 
 better comprehension. In this orderly and thorough way, 
 by a method that seems to be natural and exhaustive, are 
 deduced leading and subordinate propositions touching each 
 vital truth directly from the body of inspired statements relat- 
 ing to that truth. And it has this desirable advantage, that 
 the correctness and sufficiency of its propositions can be deter- 
 mined for himself by every intelligent student and reader. 
 
 All essential and helpful subjects have been treated with 
 a fullness proportioned to their relative importance, and to the 
 number and the reach of the texts which disclose them. In 
 these restatements of Bible truths, the sole intent and en- 
 deavor has been to keep within the limits of what is clearly 
 revealed, and sustained by definite and applicable texts. In 
 the form of these statements, technical, formal, and obsolete 
 phraseology has been avoided. The aim has been, in all defi- 
 nitions and summaries of teaching to use a simple, clear, and 
 appropriate diction. 
 
 As a distinct and widely helpful feature, these pages pro- 
 vide for preachers and all Bible students an incomparable col- 
 lection of reliable proof texts for every definite Bible teaching. 
 
 Notes. — i. The Roman numerals and ordinary figures attached to texts 
 (e. g. vii. 240) refer to Volume and Page of the Bible-Work, containing 
 full comments, exegetical, explanatory and suggestive. 
 
 2. As almost every cited text refers to its own volume and page in the 
 Bible- Work, the book furnishes an exhaustive Index to that work. 
 
 3. Omitted points and comment contained in the Topical Analysis of 
 THE Bible are referred to throughout these pages. The omission is neces- 
 sary to lessen the cost of this volume. A few readjustments have been 
 made and brief impressive paragraphs added. 
 
SCHEME OF TRUTHS AS HEREIN PRESENTED. 
 
 PART FIRST. 
 VITAL TRUTHS RESPECTING GOD. 
 
 Being: Essential Elements; Inhering Properties (Natural Attributes) ; 
 Qualities of Character (Moral Attributes). 
 
 Works: Creation; Providence; Redemption (bare statement). 
 
 Trinity in Unity. Office Work of Trinity in Human Redemption. 
 
 Particulars of Christ's Redemptive Work: Incarnation; Influences 
 and Effects of His Earthly Life; Self-Sacrificial Atonement; 
 Justification; Adoption; Indwelling and Oneness with the Be- 
 liever. 
 
 Particulars of the Holy Spirit's Redemptive Agency : 
 
 1. Act of Regeneration, or Creation of New Life. Man's Con- 
 
 ditional Part: Repentance and Faith. 
 
 2. Process of Sanctification, or Daily Renewal of Spiritual Life. 
 
 Work of Christ and the Holy Spirit summarized: REDEMPTION 
 and SALVATION. 
 
 Related Topics, Disclosing the Mind, Will and Heart of God : Law 
 of God ; Will of God ; Love of God. 
 
 Group of Special Topics touching the Love of God: Grace and Mercy; 
 Covenants ; Promises ; Beatitudes ; Call of God to Men ; Calling 
 and Election of God, including Agency, Divine and Human; 
 Kingdom of God ; Heaven of God. 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 BIBLE TEACHINGS CONCERNING MAN. 
 
 As Created by God ; Primary Spiritual Experience, before and after 
 the Pall ; the Sin of Man, its Source, Genesis, Process and Ef- 
 
Scheme of Truths. 5 
 
 fects; God's Merciful Relation to and Gracious Dealings with 
 Fallen Man. 
 
 Truths Bearing upon Man's Life Here and Hereafter : Native Dignity 
 and Greatness ; Earthly Life a Sphere of Obligation and Respon- 
 sibility, and a Period of Education, Discipline and Training; His 
 Plan of Life ordered by God, and his heart ever open to God's 
 Inquisition and Judgment ; Exposed to evil influence of Satan and 
 Wicked Men ; Two Types of Life, God-centered and Self-centered 
 (expanded under Self) ; Life a Moral Sowing and Reaping; 
 Brevity as Mortal ; Death ; Judgment ; Resurrection ; Immortality. 
 
 Man as Spiritually Transformed. 
 
 Process and Results, under the Heading 
 
 CHRISTIAN LIFE. 
 
 Introductory: Terms applied to Believers; Figures of the Christian 
 Life. 
 
 Christian Experience: Its Inauguration, Agents, Means and Effects. 
 Its Continuity and Progress. Its Attainments and Limitations. 
 
 Christian Character. 
 
 Christian Walk or Conduct. 
 
 Christian Work or Service (highest form, Soul Winning). 
 
 Christian Graces as Incifements and Helps to Christian Living: Faith; 
 Hope; Love, to God and Man; Joy; Peace; Humility; Patience 
 and Waiting on God ; Childheartedness ; Wisdom ; Longing after 
 God. 
 
 Afflictions and Temptations as Conditions and Helps. 
 
 Specific Personal Obligations demanded by Christian Living: 
 
 I. Believer's Duties toward God: (i) Essential Features of 
 
 heart exercise and experience : Obedience, Truthfulness, 
 Unworldliness, Watchfulness, Steadfastness. (2) Wor- 
 ship: Offering of Praise, Thanksgiving and Service (in 
 heaven and earth) ; Prayer (for men on earth). (3) La- 
 bor or Work, as commanded. 
 
 II. Personal Obligat'ons toward Men : Right, Wise and Helpful 
 
 use of Speech, of Money, of Mental Gifts, and of attained 
 Position and Influence. 
 
6 Truths Respecting God. 
 
 PART I. 
 VITAL TRUTHS RESPECTING GOD. 
 
 PRELIMINARY. 
 
 Inferential Evidences, through Reason, Conscience and 
 Experience, of a Self-Existing, Supreme Intelligence with 
 unlimited Power, Wisdom and Goodness. 
 
 1. Through Reason. From existing Worlds, and Living Crea- 
 tures with their varied structures and capacities of growth and repro- 
 duction. Confirmed by Scripture : Rom. i : 20. 
 
 2. Through Reason. From the Course of Events in Personal and 
 National History, manifestly ordered and controlled by a Supreme 
 Intelligence and Power. Confirmed by Scripture : Ps. 22 : 28. Dan. 
 4:35. Acts 17:25, 26, 28. 
 
 3. Through Conscience. Man's personal sense of Accountability 
 to a Supreme Moral Ruler. Rom. 2:15. Note. — The inward conscious 
 conviction of personal responsibility is an inherent product of the 
 conscience or moral judgment that exists and spontaneously acts in 
 every man by nature. This sense of accountability implies of neces- 
 sity a Being to whom the account must be rendered, or a rightful and 
 supreme Moral Ruler and Judge. 
 
 4. Through Conscious E.xperience. Man's personal sense of De- 
 pendence upon a Supreme Controlling Power: Jer. 10:23. VIII. 446. 
 Ps. 31:15. Ps. 75 : 7. Note. — This recognized fact of dependence, pro- 
 duced and set in every man's conviction by known and felt helpless- 
 ness, intimates the further relation of Creator. Upholder and Provider. 
 
 5. Man's instinctive acknowledgment of Accountability and De- 
 pendence leads to Worship of a Supreme Creator, Ruler and Con- 
 troller. Worship universal among men. 
 
 BEING AND CHARACTER OF GOD. 
 
 This First Part unfolds clearly, fully and concisely the two only 
 vital facts of supreme interest and moment to the created human 
 spirit: First, The Being and Character of Cod; Second. The Working 
 of God in Human Redemption. 
 
Being of God — Elements. 7 
 
 The knowledge and realization of the Being and Character of 
 God is a fundamental condition of any just conception and appre- 
 hension of His Redemptive Working. Hence our first, deepest, most 
 thorough thought should be given to His Being and Character as 
 disclosed in His Self Revelation. And not only at the outset, but con- 
 tinuously in the entire progress of a genuine Christian experience, 
 the thought and realization of God Himself as He is, as by the teach- 
 ing of His Word and Spirit w^e have learned Him to be, should be 
 present as the basis of all other thoughts respecting His gracious 
 dealing with us. 
 
 This immediate, abiding, personal thought and consciousness of 
 God in the fullness of His Being and Character is emphatically com- 
 mended to daily practice and habit by all who count themselves Chris- 
 tians for their comfort and spiritual growth. And for those who are 
 seekers of other souls, this same thought and apprehension of God 
 Himself in His Being and Character should be the first point of in- 
 struction, though followed immediately by the story of the Cross. 
 This counsel is confirmed by the words, " He that comcth to God must 
 hclicvc that He is, and is a rcwarder of them that seek after Him." 
 The seeker who finds God must knozv, in order to trust in, His Being 
 and Character. This is the true, initial point of conviction and action 
 by seeking souls. Directly connected with, but following this, comes 
 the method of rewarding and saving through the Cross of Christ. 
 
 Note. — In Revelation God assumes and asserts His own exclusive 
 Being, Working and Absolute Supremacy, without suggestion of argument 
 or proof. See Bible- Work, Vol. I. p. 90. 
 
 Essential Elements of His Being. 
 
 1. A Spirit, with threefold characteristics of Mind, Heart, and 
 Will. From man's spiritual nature, " made in the likeness of God " 
 we infer the meaning of Spirit as applied to God. The terms Infinite 
 and Finite intimate the immeasurable difference and distance between 
 the uncaused Creator and the creature. John 4:24. God is a Spirit. 
 X. 102. 
 
 2. Living and Life-Giving. The only Being who possesses un- 
 created and unbounded life, with inherent unlimited power and capa- 
 city to conceive, to plan, to will and to act, and so to originate, create, 
 and forever control all forms of life and of matter. Jer. 10: 10. The 
 living God. VIII. 444. Deiit. 5: 26. Josh. 3: 10. i Sam. 17: 26. 2 K. 
 19:4. Ps. 42:2. Acts 14: 15. Mat. 16:16. Rom. 9:26. 2 Cor. 6:16. 
 I Thes. 1:9. I Tim. 3 : 15 ; 4 : 10. 
 
8 Elements — Properties. 
 
 3. Self -Existent, Self -Upholding, Self-Moved and Self-Sufficient. 
 Uncaused and Unbeginning, absolutely Independent and Without 
 Limitation. The great text covering this point and the preceding one : 
 His own definition of Himself: Ex. 3:14. I AM THAT I AM. 
 I. 586. See also Isa. 40: 13.14. Rom. 11:33-36. 
 
 4. Personality. He speaks, is addressed, and spoken of as a 
 Person, in the words, I, Thou, He. Personality (of God and man) 
 strongly emphasized in Old Testament Religion, H. 14. " The saying 
 I AM stamps for all ages the Personality and Unity of God as the 
 center of belief respecting Him." — H. Alford. See B.-W., IV. 99, 2d 
 col. 
 
 5. One Only. But One and the same Being speaks and is referred 
 to throughout, and His sole Godhead asserted. This Unity, too, is a 
 necessary inference from each of the preceding Elements. Deut. 6:4. 
 The Lord our God is One Lord. II. 202. Deut. 4:39. The Lord 
 is God, there is none else. Ps. 86: 10. Thou art God alone. Isa. 
 44:6. I am the first and the last, and besides me there is no God. 
 Isa. 45: 5, 21, 22. I am God ... a just God and a Saviour, and 
 there is none else, no God besides me. John 17:3. Thee, the only 
 true God. i Cor. 8:6. One God. Gal. 3:20. God is One. 
 
 Properties (Attributes) Inherent to His Being. 
 
 1. Eternal. Directly asserted in the Name I AM, and in many 
 express declarations. An unquestionable conclusion from each of His 
 Essential Elements. Isa. 40:28. The everlasting God, the Lord, the 
 Creator. Isa. 57:15. The High and Lofty One that inhabiteth 
 eternity. VIII. 323. Ps. 90:2. From everlasting to everlasting, 
 Thou art God. Deut. 33:27. The Eternal God. Rev. 1:8, 11. I am 
 Alpha and Omega, the first and the last, the beginning and the ending, 
 saith the Lord God, which is, and which was. and which is to come, 
 the Almighty. 
 
 2. Infinite : 
 
 (i) In Knowledge and Wisdom. (Omniscient.) Proven by His 
 Nature and Working. Job 11:7, 8. Canst thou by searching find 
 out God? VI. 73, 74. Isa. 40:28. There is no searching of His 
 understanding. Isa. 46:10. Declaring the end from the beginning. 
 VIII. 244. Amos 4: 13. Dcclarcth to man His thought. Ilcb. 4: 13. 
 
Properties — Qualities. 9 
 
 All things are open before the eyes of Him. Ps. 139. Jer. 32: 19. 
 Thine eyes are open upon all the ways of the sons of man. 2. Chron. 
 16:9. VII. 285. Jer. 23:24. VIII. 511, VII. 507. Rom. 11:33. O the 
 depth both of the wisdom and knowledge of God ! How unsearchable 
 are His judgments, and His ways past finding out. Acts 15:18. 
 Known unto God are all His works from the beginning of the world. 
 
 (2) In Power. (Omnipotent.) Proven by His Nature and Work- 
 ing. Jer. 32: 17, 18. The Great, the Mighty God, the Lord of Hosts 
 is His name. Nothing too hard for Thee. Creator of heaven and 
 earth. VIT. 444-446. Ps. 50: i. Deut. 7:21. i Chron. 29: 11. Thine 
 is the greatness, the power, the glory, the victory and the majesty, 
 for all that is in heaven and in the earth is Thine. HI. 491. Isa. 40: 
 28. The everlasting God, the Creator of the ends of the earth, fainteth 
 not, neither is weary. Ps. 62: 11. Power belongeth unto God. Gen. 
 17:1; 35: II. I am the Almighty God. 2 Cor. 6:18. Rev. 4: 8; 15 : 3. 
 Ps. 66: 7. He ruleth by His power forever. 65: 66; 106: 6. Acts 14: 
 16. 2 Kings 6: 16. VII. 202, 203, 205. Ps. 104: i. V. 191. 
 
 (3) In the Reach of His Presence. (Omnipresent.) Proven as 
 before. Jer. 23:24. Do not I fill heaven and earth? VIII. 511. 2 
 Chron. 6 : 18. Heaven and the heaven of heavens cannot contain Thee. 
 HI. 555. Ps. 139. Acts 17:27, 28. Acts 7:49. 
 
 3, Unchangeable, in Principles and Motives, the Sources 
 and Guides of Action. Mai. 3 : 6. I am Jehovah, I change not. IX. 
 640, 641. Heb. 13:8. The same, yesterday, to-day and forever. Ps. 
 102: 2"]. V. 178. James i : 17. With Whom can be no variation, neither 
 shadow cast, by turning. All His action controlled by immutable 
 principles. Illus. by His Repenting. I. 22,}^, HI. 166, 469, VIII. 491, 
 IX. 396, 458. 
 
 [Because God is unchangeable. His purposes are flexible. He 
 treats differently those who treat Him differently, and this precisely 
 Ijecause He changes not. Reichcl.'] 
 
 Qualities of Character (Moral Attributes) Including 
 Every Element of Absolute Perfection. 
 
 I. Holiness. Immaculate Purity of His Moral Nature. 
 Lev. 19:2. I, the Lord your God, am holy. Ex. 15:11. Glorious 
 in holiness. H. 57. Josh. 24: 19. He is an holy God. Ps. 99: 3, 5, 9. 
 
lO Qualities of Ch:ir2cter. 
 
 V. 162-166. Isa. 5: 16. Ps. 111:9. ^ in. T,2;^. Isa. 6:3. Holy, holy, 
 holy, is the Lord of Hosts, VHI. 41. Rev. 4:8. Isa. 57:15. VHI. 
 323. 4- 
 
 2. Righteousness, in His Dealings with Angels and Men. 
 Ex. 9: 15. Thou an righteous. Xch. 9:8. I's. 119: 137. jer. 12: i. 
 Righteousness belongeth to Thee. Dan. 9: 7. Jer. 9: 24. I. the Lord, 
 exercise righteousness. Isa. 45: 19. I speak righteousness. Ps. 11:7. 
 The righteous Lord loveth righteousness. Ps. 145: 17. Is righteous in 
 all His ways. Ps. 48: 10. Thy right hand is full of righteousness. Ps. 
 119: 142. Thy righteousness is everlasting. Ps. 71 : 19. Thy righteous- 
 ness is very high. Ps. 36.8. Like great mountains. Ps. 19:9. The 
 judgments of the Lord are righteous. Ps. 96: 13. Ps. 119: 7. 62. 106, 
 160, 164. Ps. 97: 2. Kigliteousness and judgment are the foundations 
 of His Throne. V. 155. 156. Ps. 111:3. Ps. 143:11. 
 
 3. Justice, in the Administration of His Law over Intelli- 
 gent, Accountable Beings. Deut. 32: 4. A God just and right is tic. 
 II. 725. Rev. 13:3. Just and true are Thy ways. Ps. 89: 14. justice 
 and judgment are the habitation of Thy throne. Isa. 45:21. A just 
 God and a Saviour. Vlll. 239. Zech. 9: 9. Just and having salvation. 
 I John 1 : 9. He is just to forgive sins. Deut. 4: 24. A jealous God. 
 
 4. Truth and Faithfulness, in Fulfilling His Promises to 
 Redeemed Believing Men. Deut. 7,2 : 4. A God of truth is He. Jer. 
 10: 10. \1II. 445. I's. 146:6. The Lord keepeth truth. Ps. 31 : 5. O 
 Lord God of Truth. Ps. 89: 14. Plenteous in mercy and truth. Ps. 
 25: 10. Paths of the Lord are mercy and truth. Ps. 100: 5. His truth 
 endureth to all. V. 169. Ps. 117:2. V. 2yy. Isa. 25: i. Isa. 65: 16. 
 VIII. 378. Ps. 89:2. Thy faithfulness is established in the heavens. 
 V. 96. Ps. 12:2. IV. 127. Deut. 7:9. The Faithful God that keepeth 
 covenant and mercy. Deut. 32:4. II. 725. Ps. 36:5. Heb. 10:23. 
 He is faithful that promised. 2 Tim. 2: 13. Jllns. i Kings 8:56. I 
 Thes. 5:24. Faithful is He that calleth you, who will do it. i Cor. 
 1:9. XI. 279. 2 Thes. ^■. T^. The Lord is faithful, who shall stablish 
 and guard you. i Cor. 10: 13. i John 1 : 9. Ps. 119:89. 90. V. 323. 
 
 5. Goodness, in His Providential Ministries to Good and 
 Evil Men. I's. 86: 5. I lum, l.oivl. art good. T'^. 31 : 19. I low great 
 is Thy goodness. Ps. ^2 '■ 5- Farth is full of the goodness of the 
 Lord. Ps. 65: II. Crovvncst the year with Thy goodness. Ps. 68: 10. 
 Prepared of Thy goodness for poor. Ps. 107:8. Praise the Lord for 
 His goodness, (jen. i : 31. God saw everything, that it was very good. 
 
Works of God. ii 
 
 Ps. 103 : 5. Satisfieth with good things. Ps. 23 : 6. Surely goodness 
 and mercy will follow. IV. 186. i Tim. 6:17. Giveth us richly all 
 things to enjoy. James i : 17. Every good gift from Father. Acts 
 17: 25. He Himself giveth to all life and breath and all things. Matt. 
 5 : 45. He maketh sun to shine on evil and good, and sendeth rain on 
 just and unjust. 
 
 6. Grace to Undeserving, and Mercy to Ill-deserving. 
 
 Ex. 34:6. Jehovah, Jehovah God, merciful and gracious, long-suffer- 
 ing and abundant in goodness and truth. Ps. 86: 5, 15. V. 81. Ps. 57:10. 
 Thy mercy is great unto the heavens. Ps. 103:8, 11, 13, 17. IV. 182- 
 185. Ps. 116: 5. V. 265. Ps. 143: 7. V. 463. Ps. 145:8, 9. 2 Chron. 
 30:9. Neh. 9: 17, 31. Micah 7: 18, 19. IX. 490. Isa. 43:25. VIIL 
 227. Isa. 63: 7, 9. VIIL 367. Hosea i: 10. IX. 338. Hosea 11:4. 
 IX. 368-370. Isa. 30: 18. Waits to be gracious. VIIL 152. Eph. 2:4. 
 Rich in mercy. V. 7. Exceeding riches of His Grace. Reserve of 
 Mercy. Jer. 4:27; 30:11. VIIL 420. Illus. Jonah 4:4. IX. 462. 
 Manasseh. VII. 378, 379. 
 
 7. All, save Holiness, Summed up in Love, i John 4:7, 8. 
 Love is of God, God is love. Jer. 31:3. I have loved thee with an 
 everlasting love. VIIL 539-541. Hosea 11:4. IX. 368. John 15:9. 
 As the Father hath loved me, so have I loved you. Isa. 49: 15. VIIL 
 260, 121, 294, 5. John 3 : 16. God so loved the world, i John 3:1; 
 4: 10, 16. Rom. 5:8. 2 Cor. 13: 11. The God of love shall be with 
 you. Deut. 7: 8. The Lord loveth you. Zeph. 3: 17. Will rest in His 
 love. IX, 534. 
 
 Holiness and Love comprise the essence of His Moral Nature, as they 
 constitute the vital principles which underlie and sustain the Moral Law 
 by which His Government is maintained. See B. W. Vol. II. pp. 202-216. 
 
 WORKS OF GOD. 
 
 I. CREATION. Worlds, Animated Existences, Men^ 
 Angels. Gen. i : 2. Spirit of God moved upon the face. Ps. 104: 24, 
 30. Thou sendest forth Thy Spirit, they are created. Ps. 33 : 6. By the 
 word of the Lord were the heavens made, by the breath of His mouth. 
 IV. 248. Ps. 111:2. V. 243. Neh. 9: 6. Thou hast made the heaven, the 
 earth, and all things. VII. 565. Isa. 44:24. VIIL 203. Isa. 42:5- 
 
12 Works of God — Creation. 
 
 Created the heavens, spread forth the earth and that which cometh out 
 of it, giveth hreath to the people upon it. Acts 17:25. Giveth to all 
 life and breath and all things. Isa. 45: 12. I have made the earth and 
 created man upon it. V. 18. Formed the ea'rth to be inhabited. Job 
 9:6-10. Shaketh the earth, commandeth the sun, sealeth up the stars. 
 VI. 61-63. Amos 4:13. Formeth the mountains, createth the wind. 
 Isa. 40: 12, 22-31. Measured the waters and weighed the mountains. 
 VIII. 209, 211. Jer. 10: 12, 13. VIII. 445. Gen. 2:7. The Lord God 
 formed man, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man 
 became a living soul. Job 33 : 4. The Spirit of God hath made me. 
 VI. 172. Angels. Heb. 1:5. Text of Creative Acts and Comment. 
 Vol. I. 85-138. God in the manifoldness of His working, in the heavens 
 and earth and in the world of Animal Life, shown in many references 
 of Psalmist, Teacher, and Prophet, but especially in the Almighty's 
 Address to Job, chaps. 38-41. VI. 190-218. Chap. 38 a poetic parallel 
 to the prose of Moses. Also in Psalms 8 and 19: 1-6. IV. 76-86, 146- 
 152. 
 
 We subjoin a large treatment of the 
 
 Visible Creation, or Heaven and Earth. World of Nature. 
 
 Three impressive facts demand thoughtful consideration at the 
 outset; fads which form tlic basis and motive of all Scriptural state- 
 ments concerning the visible creation. 
 
 1. The attractive visions and objects of Nature, all things grand 
 and beautiful in the heavens and on the earth, are matched by corre- 
 sponding spiritual capacities and susceptibilities in man to apprehend 
 and rejoice in them. The same Being who " made all things beauti- 
 ful " (Eccles. 3: II. VI. 456-458) created in man an intense sensitive- 
 ness to and appreciative delight in their wondrous and varied beauty. 
 VI. 127. 
 
 2. The descriptions of God's working in heaven and earth, so 
 frequently recurring in the Poetical and Prophetical pages of the Old 
 Testament, incomparably surpass the uninspired literature of all time 
 in every element of sublimity, elegance and force, and are as incom- 
 parably adapted to the highest education and refinement of the human 
 spirit if studied under the elevating influence of the All-Creative 
 Spirit of God. But 
 
 3. Higher than this instructive and refining office is the ulterior 
 end of God Himself, the mastering practical aim and purpose of the 
 manifold references to His own working which He has caused to be 
 
World of Nature. 13 
 
 intertwined with recitals, entreaties and promises of Psalmists and 
 Prophets throughout. Everywhere are these interwoven as a ground- 
 work of argument, a motive for appeal, to men, to awaken their 
 thought and inspire their confidence in the God who entreats and 
 promises and warns, because in His visible works are clearly and 
 convincingly shown His resistless power. His marvelous wisdom, and 
 His amazing goodness to His every creature. This argument and 
 appeal for confidence is twofold in form. On one hand, the great 
 visible structures of earth and moon, of sun and stars, with their 
 interconnecting and ceaseless movements, reveal Might and Wisdom, 
 unlimited and eternal. Rom. i : 20. Clearly seen through the things 
 that are made. His everlasting power and Divinity. XI. 201. On the 
 other hand, the fixed ordinances of day and night, summer and winter, 
 seed-time and harvest, together with the fertility and varied products 
 of the soil, and the atmospheric phenomena, reveal His goodness and 
 bounty, alike unlimited and gracious. 
 
 Testimonies, in a comprehensive way, largely figurative in 
 form, to the wonder-working God in His processes of Creation and 
 Upholding; showing His Creative and Sustaining Energy and its 
 beautiful beneficent product, as a ground of personal confidence in 
 Him. Each statement is definitely connected with some Divine as- 
 surance of help and blessing. Gen. i : i, 31. God created the heavens 
 and the earth. Everything was ve'ry good. I. 90, 1-159. 2 Kings 19: 
 15. VH. 366. Neh. 9:6. VH. 565, 6. Ps. 65 : 6-13. IV. 437-441. Ps. 
 89:11. V. 97. Ps. 115:15. V. 262. Ps. 121:2. V. 365. Ps. 124:8. 
 
 V. 376. Ps. 134:3. V. 421. Ps. 146:6. V. 481. Job 9:8-10. VI. 61-63. 
 Job 26: 7-14. Illustrates the scientist's assertion, " Whenever the Bible 
 speaks clearly it affords a valuable clue to the scientific observer." 
 
 VI. 141-143. Job 38: 1-7, 31-38. VI. 196-200, 204-208. Isa. 40: 12, 22, 
 28. VIIL 209-212. Isa. 42:5. VIII. 221. Isa. 44:24-28. VIII. 233. 
 Isa. 45: 12, 18. VIIL 237, 8. Isa. 48: 13. VIIL 251. Isa. 51 : 13. VIIL 
 270. Jer. 10:11-13. VIIL 445. Jer. 23:24. VIIL 511. Jer. 27:5. 
 
 VII. 430. Jer. s^: 19-25. VIIL 556. Jer. 51 : 15, 16. Ps. 104: 24. In 
 wisdom Thou hast made them all. V. 199. Ps. 136:5. V. 427. Ps. 
 119: 90, 91. It abideth. V. 324, 5. Read V. 203, 4, 364, 5. Job 38. A 
 poetic parallel to the prose of Moses. Ps. 19:1-6. IV. 146-149. Ps. 
 104. A Hymn of Creation. V. 190-205. 
 
 Nature and Revelation. The Works and the Word proceed 
 from the same Author and Source, and so must harmonize and be at 
 one. Yet it is not the direct and essential purpose of the Word to 
 disclose the nature and the method of the Working, but simply the 
 
14 Nature — Revelation, Law. 
 
 fact and the Author. Ilcb. 11:3. By faith we understand that the 
 worlds have been framed by the Word of God, so that what is seen 
 hath not been made out of things which do appear. XI. 597. Ps. 19: 
 i-io. The heavens declare the glory of God"; the firmament sheweth 
 His handiwork. Day unto day uttereth speech, and night unto night 
 sheweth knowledge. IV. 146-152, 158- 161. 
 
 [The study of Nature is one of the best comments on the Great 
 Book. The Bible shows us the unity of nature in the plan and crea- 
 tion of God; the presence of one pervasive Spirit of force and life 
 everywhere, and personal because it is the fount of personality. Bp. 
 Good sell.] 
 
 Nature and Law. Laws of Nature, or the principles of orderly 
 movement and progress uniformly operative in the natural world, are 
 simply God's Ways of Working in Nature. They are not self-opera- 
 tive, nor have they any immanent vital force. They are the orderly 
 methods of the Divine Agent and Designer, acting upon and withii. 
 the material structures He has planned and produced. Without His 
 energy directly and continuously exercised, nature would cease to be. 
 Hence there can be no such entity of fact, or even of thought, as a 
 natural law having " life in itself;" much less, therefore, has " natural 
 law " any place or function in the " spiritual world." Concisely and 
 ■clearly. Dr. Bchrends states and expands this point: 
 
 " The living God works in and through nature, and apart from 
 Him nature would neither work nor be. My only objection to the for- 
 mula. ' Natural law in the spiritual realm,' is that it states the truth in 
 an inverted form. It puts the cart before the hprse. Law has its fons 
 ct origo in the spiritual realm, and thence it issues to crystallize and 
 rule in the domain of nature. All law is ethical in its source and out- 
 working. The imiverse, from center to circumference, from star dust 
 to souls, in all the provinces and ranges of being, is a moral empire. 
 The division of law into natural and moral, with its subdivisions into 
 mechanical and vital and economic and political, is a convenient de- 
 vice for tabulation; but law as law is inherent in things as consti- 
 tuted, and is only another name for that rational order which is the 
 precipitate of the dynamic reason of God. So Kepler was right when 
 he described the astronomer as a man who ' thinks God's thoughts 
 after him.' This is the endeavor and the goal of all science." A. J. 
 F. Bchrends. 
 
 Nature, or the Earth and Heavens, as Involved in Man's 
 Moral Career. The earth, we are told, was changed in its products 
 .and nicthods of production, and, wc may infer, in its animal creation, 
 
Nature — Man, Christ. 15 
 
 as the result of Man's disobedience and sin. Gen. 3: 17. Cursed is 
 the ground for thy sake; in toil shalt thou eat of it all the days of 
 thy life; thorns and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; in the sweat 
 of thy face shalt thou eat bread, until thou return unto the ground. 
 II. 192-194. Rom. 8: 19-23. For the earnest expectation of the creation 
 waiteth for the revealing of the sons of God. For the creation was 
 subjected to vanity, not of its own will, but by reason of Him who 
 subjected it, in hope that the creation itself also shall be delivered 
 from the bondage of corruption into the liberty of the glory of the 
 children of God. For we know that the whole creation groaneth and 
 travaileth in pain together until now. [The plain implication of this 
 passage is that nature is a sufferer with man on account of sin ; that 
 there is a solidarity between man and the outward world, both in his 
 Fall and in his Redemption. So far the passage is an echo of the 
 statement in Genesis that the earth lies under a curse on account of 
 human sin. Prof. Orr.} 
 
 Further we are told: 2 Pet. 3:7, 10, 13. The heavens that now 
 are, and the earth, have been stored up for fire, being reserved ao-ainst 
 the day of destruction of ungodly men. The heavens shall pass away 
 with a great noise, and the earth and the works that are therein shall 
 be burned up. But, according to His promise, we look for new 
 heavens and new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness. Other pas- 
 sages of similar import, Isa. 24:19; 65:17; 66:22 clearly carry a 
 spiritual import, with broad reference to marked epochs in the 
 church's history. But it seems impracticable to avoid the inference 
 that the Future of the Earth and Heavens is in some way involved 
 in the ultimate destiny of tiie Race for whom the Creator of all worlds 
 died upon the earth. We know, at least, that the instability of the 
 solar system is an open admission of scientific men. 
 
 And this leads to a final and supreme Point : 
 
 The Relation of Nature to Christ. All things have been 
 created through Christ, and unto Christ. All things are summed up 
 in Christ, as their source, as the sole principle and center of their 
 unity, and as the Agent and Producer of their final and abiding con- 
 summation. 
 
 Col. 1 : 16, 17, 20. For in Him were all things created, in the 
 heavens and upon the earth, things visible, and things invisible; all 
 things have been created through Him, and unto Him; and He is 
 before all things, and in Him all things consist. Through Him to 
 reconcile all things unto Himself. Eph. i : 10. To sum up all things 
 in Christ, the things in the heavens, and the things upon the earth. 
 
i6 God in Providence. 
 
 [It is none other than the Creator and Upholder of the universe 
 that has died to save us. All nature assumes new sig^nificance now, 
 as instinct with the same love and care that led our Lord to endure 
 the Cross. A. H. Strong.'] 
 
 II. GOD'S WORK IN PROVIDENCE. Gen. i : 29. 30; q:.^. 
 Ps. 136:25. Giveth food to all flesh. Ps. 147: 8. g. Ps. 104: 14. 15. 
 27, 28. Causest grass to grow for cattle and herb for the service of 
 man. Ps. 145: 15, 16. All wait on Thee, and Thou givest them meat 
 in due season. Thou openest Thine hand, and satisfies! the desire of 
 every living thing. Ps. 107. A Psalm of Providence. Matt. 6:31-33. 
 All things (needful) shall be added. Ps. 37: 5. Commit thy way unto 
 the Lord and He shall bring it to pass. IV. 275. Prov. 3: 6. He shall 
 direct thy paths. Luke 12: 17. Even the very hairs of your head are 
 all numbered. X. 238. 
 
 We subjoin full treatment of this large theme: 
 
 Providence is one of Two Elements contained in the compre- 
 hensive term Grace, which includes Goodness and Mercy. The 
 Scriptural Word for Providence is Goodness, which expresses the 
 kindly and beneficent treatment of God. toward all His creatures 
 rational and irrational, in upholding and disposing of them, and con- 
 trolling all events which affect their condition and destiny. 
 
 Scripture texts and passages intimate Three Distinctions in the 
 Method of God's Providential Dealing: i. With reference to the Ir- 
 rational Animal Creation. 2. With reference to all men, irrespective 
 of moral character. 3. With reference to individual believers, and the 
 believing body, the Church. 
 
 1. The Providence of God toward Irrational Creatures 
 
 is limited to Provision adapted to each class, or species, and bestowed 
 in accordance with the instinct imparted to each. Gen. i : 29. Fruits 
 of earth. 9:3. Flesh of animals. Job 38:41. Provideth for the 
 raven. VI. 2X0. Ps. 36:6. Preservest man and beast. IV. 265. Ps. 
 104: 14, 28. Grass for cattle, herb for man. V. 200. Ps. 145: 15. V. 
 475, 6. Ps. 147: 9. Giveth to the beast his food. V. 488. 
 
 2. Providence toward Men, the Evil and the Good. 
 Above texts: Ps. 36:6 and 104:28; 145: 15. Ps. 21 : 3. Thou comest 
 to meet him with blessings of goodness. IV. 167. Ps. 65:9-11. Pro- 
 
Providence — Men, Believer, Church. 17 
 
 videst corn, etc. IV. 438-441. Ps. 107:4-31. Series of deliverances 
 from peril. Followed, vs. 33-41, by instances of God's goodness. Con- 
 cluded with Call to oliserve His hand in all events, vs. 43. Matt. 5 : 
 45. He maketh His sun to rise on the evil and the good, and sendeth 
 rain on the just and the unjust. X. 154. All confirming the original 
 pledges to Noah of the perpetuity of day and night, of the seasons 
 and a fruitful earth, and the charters of food to Adam and Noah. 
 Paul intimates God's purpose in His Providential dealings. Rom. 2: 
 4. The goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance, or change of mind 
 and life. 
 
 3. Special Providence of God to the Believer, His Child; 
 and to the Believing Body, His Church. This is affirmed in mani- 
 fold texts and extended passages, especially in many Psalms, and is 
 largely illustrated in the Historical Records of both Testaments. 
 
 To the Believer, as the Child of God. Ps. 97:10. He preserv- 
 eth, delivereth His saints. V. 157. Deut. 33:25. As thy day, thy 
 strength. II. 735. Ps. 121 : 3-8. The Lord is thy Keeper. V. 363-368. 
 Ps. 127: I. 2. Except the Lord build — keep. He giveth sleep to His 
 beloved. V. 386-388. Ps. 3:5. Slept — awaked, the Lord sustained 
 me. IV. 56. Ps. 4 : 8. Thou, Lord, makest me dwell in safety. IV. 62. 
 Ps. 139: 10., V. 445. Ps. 31 : 15, 19. .My times in Thy hand. Goodness 
 laid up for them that fear and trust thee. IV. ^^-233. Ps. 34: 10. 
 That seek the Lord shall not want any good. IV. 254. Rom. 8 : 28. 
 All things work together for good to them that love God. XL 240. 
 Ps. 73:23,24. Thou hast holden me. Shalt guide me. V. 10, 11. Ps. 
 ■^y : 23, 24. Steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord. IV. 280. 
 Job 23: 10. He knoweth the way that I take. VI. 134. Job. 31 : 4. See 
 my ways and number all my steps. VI. 162. Ps. 48: 14. God our guide 
 even unto death. IV. 345. 6. Ps. 37:5. Commit thy way unto the 
 Lord, etc. IV. 274, 5. Prov. 3:6. Acknowledge Him. V. 248-251. 
 Prov. 16:3. Commit thy works unto Jehovah. VI. 337. Ps. 32:8-10. 
 IV. 243-245. Ps. 68:19. Ke daily beareth our burdens. IV. 464. 
 Matt. 6:25-34. Seek first the Kingdom, and all these things (that ye 
 need) shall be added. X. 160, 162, 3, 197, 8. Ps. 23. Absolute confi- 
 dence in God's Providence and Mercy. IV. 179-187. Ps. 103:2-5. 
 Grateful review of Providential goodness. V. 180, 181. Ps. 91. As- 
 sured Deliverance from all perils. V. 1 18-124. 
 
 Providence of God to His Church, or the Body of Believ- 
 ers in all Ages disclosed in every particular of Human History from 
 
1 8 Providence Controlling Nations and Men. 
 
 the Calling of Abraham until now. To His chosen People, for the 
 establishment, training, increase and perpetuity among them of the 
 (O. T.) Church. To this end He ordered the marked events in the 
 career of Abraham, of Jacob and his sons. Ps. 105: 13-24. His Provi- 
 dential care of the "Church in the Wilderness" (Acts 7:38) under 
 Moses is intimated by many gracious declarations. Ps. "j-j : 20. Thou 
 leddest Thy people by the hand of Moses. V. 38. E.\. 19:4. What I 
 did to the Egyptians and how I bare you on eagle's wings. 11. 123. 
 Deut. 32: II, 12. 11. 726. Isa. 45: 1-6. VUl. 236. Isa. 63:9. He bare 
 them and carried them all the days of old. VUl. 366. Ps. 105: 26-45. 
 Ps. 106:7-33. V. 212. Ps. 68: 7-9. IV. 457, 8. Deut. 8:2. 11. 648. 
 Thence onward through the periods of the Judges and the Kings, oft- 
 repeated assertions of Psalmists and Prophets assure us of His direct- 
 ing overruling Providence in the interest of the faithful few. The 
 scope of their testimony includes not only manifold individual experi- 
 ences, but all the history of the many nations whose careers were 
 involved with Israel's life. Only a few personal incidents and sum- 
 marized statements can be here referred to. Ruth 2:2, 3. Her hap 
 was to light on the field of Boaz. III. 199. 2 Kings 7: 3-20. VH. 211, 
 212. Esther 2: 7. Vll. 593. 6: 2. VII. 600. 601, 614. Ps. 93 : i ; 97: i. 
 V. 132, 155. Ps. 106:41-46. V. 214. 2 Kings 17:7-23. VII. 256. 7. 
 2 Chron. 36: 15-17. Vll. 452-455- Isa. 60: 22. Vlll. 351, 2. Vll. 19, 
 495. New Testament Records and all Subsequent History only con- 
 tinue and increase the testimony. 
 
 Providence Ordering and Determining National Pros- 
 perity and Existence. Ps. 147: 14. Maketh peace in thy borders, 
 and fillclh thee with finest of wheat. V. 489. Ps. 22:28. Governor 
 among nations. IV. 177. Ps. 33: 12. Blessed the nation whose God 
 is the Lord. IV. 249. Ps. 147:20. Not dealt so with any nation. V. 
 490. Isa. 2:4. Shall judge between the nations. Vlll. 28. Isa. 26: 
 15. Thou hast increased the nation. Isa. 60: 12. Nation that will not 
 serve Thee shall perish. VIII. 348. Jer. 12:7-17. Vlll. 454. Jer. 
 18: 7-10. Vlll. 489-491. 
 
 Providence Shaping and Determining Human Life and 
 Destiny. God in History. VII. 19. 211, 213. Isa. 63:4. VIII. 365. 
 IX. 237, 253. Dan. 4: 35. Docth His will among the inhabitants of 
 earth. IX. 253. Ps. 75: 7. Puttcth down one and liftcth up another. 
 V. 27. Prov. 16: 33. Disposing (of lot) is of the Lord. VI. 344. Jer. 
 18: 1-6. Potter and clay. VIII. 488, 9. Jer. 10:23. Not in man to 
 direct his steps. VIII. 446. III. 435- God's sovereign working and 
 
Providential Limitations. 19 
 
 man's unconstrained working. VII. 154, last note. Ps. 31 : 15. My 
 times in Thy hand. IV. 231. Illus. Gen. 45: 5. I. 525. Gen. 50:20. 
 I. 557. God's plans interwoven with man's. VII. 426. 
 
 Providence and Mystery. Ps. 77: 19. Thy way in the sea. V. 
 37, 38. Ps. 97: 2. Clouds and darkness about Him. V. 155, 6. Isa. 45: 
 15. Thou . . . Hidest Thyself, a Saviour. VIII. 237. Jer. 12:1-4. 
 VIII. 452. Lam. 3:38. VIII. 613. 
 
 Rule of Providential Distribution, Day by Day. Ex. 16: 
 4, 16-19. Gather a day's portion every day. They gathered every man 
 according to his eating. II. 69, 73, 74. Ps. 104:28. That thou givest 
 them they gather. Matt. 6:11, 25-34. Give us this day our daily 
 bread. Be not anxious for the morrow. X. 158, 160, 162, 163. 
 
 Note. — No distinction of Special Providence, as between one recipient 
 of bounty and another, for God is never partial or arbitrary in His giving, 
 in Providence or in Grace. All His Providential bestowments are general, 
 and all are special. God has no favorites save those that obey and love and 
 serve Him ; and all these share His favor alike, with results that accord 
 with the degree and fruit of their obedience and service. 
 
 Providential Opportunities, also, Day by Day. As needed 
 
 supplies for body and soul are received one by one, day by day, so 
 proffered opportunities for using the good received, with profit to our- 
 selves and advantage to others, are possessed and exhausted one by 
 one, with the passing hour and moment. This, too, is a vital sugges- 
 tion, of immense practical concern, belonging to this wide-reaching 
 theme, the Providence of God. 
 
 Divinely Established Limitations to Divine Working in 
 
 Providence. 
 
 God's Working in Providence must always be in harmony 
 with His Methods of Working in Nature, i.e., in accordance 
 with His Established Natural Laws. God will not interfere to 
 protect or deliver any one from the hurtful effect of the infraction 
 of Natural Law, though it be done ignorantly and without wrong 
 purpose. Such interposition could only be through the temporary 
 setting aside of the infringed laws, i.e., by miracle. Yet it is at this 
 point that so many sufferers or their friends question or deny the 
 goodness of God in reference to particular Providential events. The 
 
20 Work of Redemption. 
 
 simplest consideration shows the baselessness of this unjust implica- 
 tion and charge. The taking of disease by exposure to its germs, or 
 by heedless disregard of the laws of health,- or the careless unwitting 
 encounter with any of a thousand sources of bodily peril must lead 
 to sickness, hurt and even death. But in the prevention of these 
 and kindred results it is plain that God cannot intervene, save by 
 miraculous energy. And this involves an utter overturning of the 
 established order. 
 
 God's Providence finds further Limitation in the Divinely 
 ordered Independence of Man's own will. By God's directly ap- 
 pointed and authorized free-will, the responsibility is placed upon 
 man for all forms and results of his acting, alike in his dealings with 
 outward affairs and with his moral obligations. ?Ie cannot, there- 
 fore, rightly charge the effects of his own improvidence to the Provi- 
 dence of God, nor can he attribute the consequences of his wilful 
 wrongdoing to either the Providence or the original purpose of God. 
 Apart from these Divinely established limitations, through God's 
 own creation and appointment of second causes in nature and in 
 man's independent will, His Providence absolutely directs and con- 
 trols all particular events to the production of all actual issues of 
 smaller or greater moment, alike affecting individuals and nations. 
 Thus, and thus alone. History, personal and national, is and ever has 
 been wrought upon the earth. 
 
 Providence and Prayer. See IV. 447, 448. The above considera- 
 tions equally apply to Providential answers to prayer. 
 
 Great Movements in Providence interpreted by and reveal the 
 Progress of the Kingdom of God. See Top. An. p. 262. 
 
 God's Work in Creation and Providence a preparation 
 for His Greater Work in 
 
 III. MAN'S REDEMPTION. 
 
 This Central and Essential Theme of Revelation is fully unfolded 
 in the following pages. We note here only brief general statements 
 of Old and New Testament. Isa. 41 : i. Thy Redeemer, the Holy 
 One of Israel. Isa. 47:4. Thy Redeemer, the Lord of Hosts. Isa. 
 49:26. I. the Lord, am thy Redeemer. Ps. 31:5. Thou hast re- 
 deemed me, O Lord God. Rom. 3:24. Justified through redemption 
 in Christ Jesus, i Pet. i : 18. Redeemed with precious blood, even 
 
God's Sole Sovereignty. 21 
 
 the blood of Christ, i Cor. i : 30. Christ is made to us redemption. 
 Heb. 9: 12. Obtained eternal redemption for us. Summarized in the 
 Baptist's announcement : John i : 29. Behold the Lamb of God, who 
 taketh away the sin of the world ! 
 
 Because He is the Only, Living, Eternal God, Infinite in wisdom 
 and might, in resource and reach, because He is Holy and Just, 
 Loving and Good, Merciful and Gracious, and because He is Creator, 
 Upholder and Redeemer, He holds 
 
 Sovereignty, Sole, Supreme, and Universal, in heaven 
 and earth, over all worlds and beings, through all 
 duration. 
 
 Dan. 4 : 3, 35. His kingdom is an everlasting kingdom, and His 
 dominion is from generation to generation. He doeth according to 
 His will in the army of heaven and among the inhabitants of the 
 earth. IX. 252, 253. Ps. 10: 16. Jehovah is King forever. Ps. 103: 
 19. His kingdom ruleth over all. V. 186. Jer. 10: 10. Ps. 93: i, 2. 
 The Lord reigneth. V. 131, 132. Ps. 97:2. V. 155, 6. Ps. 75:7. 
 V. 27. Ps. y6: 10. V. 30, 31. i Tim. i : 17. The King eternal, incor- 
 ruptible, invisible, the only God. XI. 508. i Tim. 6:15, 16. The 
 blessed and only Potentate, the King of kings, and Lord of lords. Who 
 only hath immortality, dwelling in light unapproachable. 
 
 The Glory of God. " Glory is the outpouring of light. The 
 glory of God is the outpouring of His divine attributes. It is a giv- 
 ing, not a receiving."' And the whole Bible shows that it is the 
 forth-putting of His Love and Mercy toward man, it is the giving 
 of Himself for man, in the Person and Sacrifice of Christ, which 
 constitutes His highest glory. Ex. 33: 18, 19. Show me Thy Glory! 
 II. 261, 262. (Answered by Proclamation of His Name.) Ex. 34: 
 6, 7. Jehovah, Jehovah, a God full of compassion and gracious, slow 
 to anger and plenteous in mercy and truth, forgiving iniquity and 
 transgression and sin ; and that will by no means clear the guilty. 
 II. 264-266. Hence the Angels' Song at the Advent: Luke 2:14. 
 Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace among men in whom 
 He is well pleased. This glory is to fill the earth. Num. 14: 21. Isa. 
 6:3. Hence the repeated command: Ps. 96:3. Declare His glory 
 among the heathen. Ascriptions: i Chron. 29:11. Thine is the 
 
2 2 God Triune. 
 
 power and the glory. Matt. 6: 13. Thine is the kingdom and the 
 glory. Ps. 72:19. Rom. 11:36. Gal. 1:5. Eph. 3:21. i Tim. i: 
 17. 2 Tim. 4: 18. Heb. 13:21. i Pet. 5: 11. Jude 25. Rev. 1:6; 
 4: 11; 5: 12; 7: 12. 
 
 Glorifying God, Man's Work on Earth, i Cor. 6:20. Glorify God 
 in body and Spirit. Matt. 5: 16. Glorify your Father in heaven, i 
 Cor. 10:31. Do all to the glory of God. i Pet. 4:11. That God in 
 all things may be glorified, i Pet. 2: 12. Glorify God in the day of 
 visitation. Isa. 24: 15. Glorify God in the fires. Ps. 50: 15. Call in 
 trouble. I will deliver, and thou shalt glorify Me. i Sam. 2:30. III. 
 256. John 15:8. Herein is my Father glorified that ye bear much 
 fruit. I Pet. 2:9. Show forth praises. 2 Thes. i: 12. XI. 500. 
 
 God Proprietor and Disposer. Hag. 2 : 8. The silver is Mine and 
 the gold is Mine. IX. 543. Ezek. 18:4. All souls are Mine. IX. 81. 
 Isa. 64:8. We the clay. Thou the Potter. Jer. 18:6. VIII. 373. 488- 
 491. I Sam. 2: 6. Killeth and maketh alive. Ps. 68: 20. To the Lord 
 belong the issues from death. Ps. 33: 11. IV. 248, 9. Isa. 45: 7. 20- 
 25. I form the light. I make peace and create evil; I, the Lord, do all 
 these things. I am God, and there is none else. VIII. 239-241. Isa. 
 46: 10. My counsel shall stand, and I will do all My pleasure. VIII. 
 244. Jer. 10:23. ^ot ^^ rns" ^^ direct his steps. VIII. 446. Ps. 94: 
 I. V. 135. Illustrative passages. Gen. 24:50; 45:8. "From the 
 Lord": N^um. 16:35. Pire. i Kings 2:33. Peace. Ps. 121:2. Help. 
 Ps. 24:5. Blessing. Prov. 16:1. Answer of tongue. Prov. 20:26. 
 A man's judgment. 
 
 End (Final Cause) of His Universal, Everlasting Domin- 
 ion: His own Glory and Blessedness as Reflected in the Per- 
 fected Character and Blessedness of all pure Spirits, Angelic 
 and Redeemed. Ezek. 36: 22. 1 do this for Mine holy Name's sake. 
 IX. 155. Isa. 43:7. Created for My glory. (God alone the cause 
 and reason, motive and end of His own love to men, and all its fruits.) 
 
 GOD TRIUNE. TRINITY IN UNITY. THE GOD- 
 HEAD EXISTING FROM ETERNITY, DISCLOSED 
 IN REDEMPTION. 
 
 Old Testament intimations of Plurality in the Godhead. 
 Gen. 1:26. Let Us make. I. 122-128. II. 202-204. Ps. 45:6, 7. IV. 
 329, 330. Isa. 6:3. Holy, Holy, Holy. VIII. 42, 43. Isa. 9:6. VIII. 
 
God the Father. 23 
 
 61-69. Zech. 2:11. IX. 559. See V. 169. See Theophanies, Top. 
 An. p. 517. [We could know nothing positively of this self-distinc- 
 tion in the nature of God save as He Himself discovers it to us in 
 the facts of His self-revelation. We do now know it through the dis- 
 covery of Himself as Father, Son and Spirit. /. OrrJ] 
 
 New Testament Disclosures. John 3:5, 6, 14, t6. Born of 
 the Spirit. Son of Man lifted up. God sent His Son. Matt. 28: 19. 
 Baptizing in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy 
 Ghost. X. 583. Essay. X. 589. 2 Cor. 13 : 14. The grace of the 
 Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the communion of the 
 Holy Ghost. XI. 390. Almost innumerable expressions in the Gos- 
 pels, Act5?, Epistles and Revelation plainly distinguish and discrimi- 
 nate each of the Persons of the Godhead, noting a peculiar relation 
 subsisting between them and a special Office and Mission of each in 
 the Divine Work of Redemption. A few texts are subjoined. John 
 14:15-17, 23. Me; the Father; the Spirit: My Father; We. X. 483. 
 Rom. 5:1, 5; 8: 1-3. Eph. 2: 18. Through Christ we have access by 
 one Spirit to the Father. Eph. 3: 14-17. i Pet. i : 2. Foreknowledge 
 of Father; sanctification of Spirit, blood of Jesus Christ. Gal. 4:6. 
 God; Spirit; Son; Father, i Cor. 8:6. One Father, One Lord Jesus 
 Christ. There is one, and only one, God; but there are three dis- 
 tinctions in the Godhead, which are disclosed to us, chiefly in the New 
 Testament, under the names of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. We 
 use the term Persons, though not strictly proper, for lack of another 
 of equal fitness. 
 
 Fellowship in the Godhead. Gen. i : 26. Let us make man in 
 our image, after our likeness. Matt. 3 : 16. This is my beloved Son, 
 in whom I am well pleased. John 17:24. Thou lovedst Me before 
 the foundation of the world. John 8: 16. I am not alone, but I and 
 the Father. John 14:23. We will come and make our abode with 
 him. [Only through the Trinitarian distinction are we brought into 
 communion with a Being who has within Himself a life of com- 
 munion. /. Orr.'] 
 
 I 
 
 God the Father. ' 
 
 Old Testament References. Ps. 103:13. Like as a Father 
 pitieth his children. V. 183. Isa. i : 2. VIII. 19. Isa. 63 : 16. Thou 
 art our Father. VIII. 369. Jer. 3 : 4. My Father, Thou art the guide 
 of my youth. VIII. 408. Jer. 31:9. I am a Father to Israel. VIII., 
 542. Mai. 1 : 6. IX. 627. 
 
24 God the Son. 
 
 Christ the Revealer of the Fatherhood and of the Father. 
 John I : 12-14, iS. Tlic only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of 
 the Father, He hath declared Him. X. 6^, 66. John 5:23, 26. X. 
 130, 131. John 14:6, 13. No one comcth unto the Father, but by Me. 
 X. 482. Matt. 11:27. No one knoweth the Son, save the Father; 
 neither doth any know the Father save the Son, and he to whomso- 
 ever the Son willeth to reveal Him. X. 180. 
 
 New Testament Epistles, i Cor. 8:6. One God, the Father. 
 James 3:9. Bless we God, even the Father. Rom. 15:6. Father of 
 our Lord Jesus Christ. 2 Cor. 1:3; 11:31. Eph. 1:3. i Pet. 1:3. 
 Eph. 3:14. Eph. 4:6. James 1:17. Father of lights. James 3:9. 
 Heb. 12:9. Father of spirits. Eph. 1:17. Father of glory, i Pet. 
 1:2. Foreknowledge of God the Father. Jude i. Sanctified by God 
 the Father. 
 
 God the Son. 
 
 Jesus Christ the God-Man: Son of God and Son of Man. (See 
 Person of Christ. X. 591.) Luke 1:35. (The angel to Mary:) 
 The holy thing which is to be born shall be called the Son of God. 
 Isa. 6: 1-5. Mine eyes have seen the Lord of Hosts. VHT. 41. John 
 12:41. Isaiah saw His (Christ's) glory and spake of Him. Isa. 7: 
 14. Call His name Immanuel, God with us. VIII. 50-54. Matt. 1:23. 
 Rom. 8:3. Gal. 4:4. Isa. 8:8. O Immanuel. YIII. 57. Isa. 9:6. 
 His name shall be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God. VIII. 
 61-69. John I : I. In the beginning the Word was with God and the 
 Word was God. X. 62, v. 14. Became flesh and dwelt, i John i : 2. 
 I Tim. 3:16. God manifest in flesh. Rom. 9:5. Who is over all, 
 God blessed forever. Phil. 2:11. i Tim. 2:^. God our Saviour. 
 XI. 509. Col. i: 19; 2:9. In Wliom dwelleth all the fullness of the 
 Godhead bodily. Zech. 13:7. The Man, My Fellow. IX. 606-610. 
 Micah 5:2. Whose goings forth are from everlasting. IX. 479-481. 
 Heb. 13:8. Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, to-day and forever, i 
 Tim. 6: 15, 16. King of kings, Who only hath immortality, to Whom 
 be honor and power eternal. Heb. I : 2-13. Thy throne. O God, is for 
 ever and ever. Rev. 1:8, 17, 18; 22:13, 16. Alpha and Omega. 
 Which is and was and is to come, the Almighty. Titus 2: 13. Our 
 great God and Saviour Jesus Christ. Son of Man. John 1:51. X. 
 78. John 3: 13. X. 89, etc. Also compare Ps. 78: 56 with i Cor. 
 10:9. 2 Cor. 5: 19. God was in Christ. 
 
God the Son. 25 
 
 Testimony of the Father. Matt. 3:16, 17. Voice from heaven, 
 This is My beloved Son. X. 65. Matt. 17:5. X. 283. 2 Pet. i: 17. 
 
 Testimony of the Baptist. John i : 34. I have seen and bear witness 
 that this is the Son of God. Testimony of John. John i : 18. The 
 Son Who is in the bosom'of the Father. 20:31. BeHeve that Jesus 
 is the Christ, the Son of God. Testimony of Peter. Matt. 16: 16. 
 Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. 2 Pet. i : 16-18. 
 
 Testimony of Christ Himself. Mark 14:61, 62. I am the Christ, 
 the Son of the Blessed. John 6:57. The Father sent Me, and I live 
 by the Father. 5:37; 12:49; 14:24. i John 4:14. John 5:26. 
 As the Father hath life in Himself so hath He given to the Son to 
 have life in Himself. 5 : 17. The Father v^^orketh and I work. John 
 10: 15. As the Father knoweth Me so know I the Father. Luke 10: 
 22. John 16:15. ^1' things the Father hath are Mine. X. 129, 132. 
 (Testimonies to Sonship.) John 8: 16, 29. I am not alone, but I and 
 the Father. John 16:32. I am not alone, because the Father is with 
 Me. John 10: 36. The Father is in Me and I in Him. 14: 11. I am 
 in the Father and the Father in Me. John 10:30. I and My Father 
 are One. 14:13. The Father is glorified in the Son. John 16:28. 
 I came from the Father and go to the Father. X. 503. John 17:5- 
 Glory I had with Thee before the world was. X. 507. 
 
 Possessing all Power. Jolin 1:3, 4. All things were made by 
 Him. In Him was life. Rom. 11:36. Of Him and through Him 
 and unto Him are all things. Heb. 1:3. Eph. 3:9. Col. i: 16, 17. 
 All things created through Him and unto Him, and by Him all 
 things subsist. Heb. 2:10. Matt. 28:18. All power is given unto 
 Me in heaven and earth. Rom. i : 4. Declared the Son of God with 
 power. Proven by His wonder-working deeds. 
 
 All Knowledge and Wisdom. Col. 2:3. In Whom are all the 
 treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden, i Cor. i : 30. Proven by 
 His discernment of men and events and His unfoldings of all truth, 
 of duty and destiny. 
 
 Honored and Worshiped. John 5 : 23. All should honor the 
 Son even as they honor the Father. Acts 2:24. XI. 15. "Jehovah." 
 Matt. 2: II. Wise men worshiped Him. Matt. 8: 2 ; 9 : 18; 15 : 25 ; 28: 
 9, 17. John 20: 28. My Lord and My God. Rom. 11 : 36. To Him be 
 glory for ever and ever. In heaven. Heb. i : 6. Let all angels wor- 
 ship Him. Rev. 5 : 6, 9-13 ; 7 : 9, 10 ; 14:1-3; 19 : 6, 7. 
 
26 God the Son 
 
 Divine Acts for Men, Mark i : 34. Healed the sick and cast 
 out devils. Matt. 11:5. Restores the bl-ind. deaf, lame, lepers, and 
 raises the dead. Matt. 9: 6. Forgive sins. John 14: 26; 15: 26; 16: 7. 
 Matt. 3:11. Acts 1:5. Sends and baptizes with the Holy Ghost. 
 John 20 : 22. 
 
 Mediator between God and Man. i Tim. 2 : 5 XI. 509. 
 
 Final Judge. John 5 : 22. The Father had committed all judg- 
 ment to the Son. V. 25. Dead hear Son of God. Rom. 14: 10. All 
 stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. 2 Cor. 5: 10. Matt. 25: 
 31-46. Allegory of the Judgment of the Son of Man. 
 
 Eternal King, i Tim. 1:17. The King eternal, the only God. 
 Matt. 25 : 34. The King. X. 462. Luke i : 33. Of His Kingdom, no 
 end. Rev. 11: 15, 17. Fie shall reign for ever and ever. Dan. 7: 13, 
 14. Given Him an everlasting dominion. IX. 275-278. Heb. 13:21. 
 To Whom be the glory for ever and ever. Read VIII. 364, 365. 
 " The Christ of Rationalism." 
 
 [The specious theories of Schleiermacher, Ritschl, Rothe and 
 Lipsius have all failed; the early Unitarianism of Priestley and Chan- 
 ning, with its modified divinity of Christ, has not endured the tests 
 of time. There is no middle ground between the doctrine of very 
 God and very man on the one hand and pure humanitarianism. J. 
 Orr. 
 
 Christ is the image of the invisible God, the One who embodies 
 and perfectly expresses the Divine nature; whose relation as Son ante- 
 dates that of every creation (Col. i : 18), who existed before the uni- 
 verse was created (Col. i: 17). Previous to His Incarnation He ex- 
 isted in a Divine form of being, which He surrendered for a servant- 
 form (Phil. 2:6, 7), thus renouncing for the time His equal dignity 
 with God. In return for the Redeemer's free giving of Himself to 
 humiliation and death, God has elevated Him to the Mediatorial 
 throne and conferred upon Him a name above all others (Lord Jesus 
 Christ, v. 11) that all creatures should acknowledge His sovereign 
 authority (Phil. 2:9-11). Elsewhere described as a sitting at the 
 right hand of God (Col. 3:1; Eph. 1:20-22). There in the regions 
 of heavenly glory and power (heaven) elevated to supreme headship 
 over the King of Redemption and with sovereign authority over all 
 terrestrial powers. He will fulfill his " ministry of reconciliation " 
 
God the Spirit. 27 
 
 until the purposes of God's redeeming love to man shall be accom- 
 plished. G. B. Stevens.'] 
 
 God the Holy Ghost. His Deity Shown: 
 
 By Proofs of Trinity. See above, p. 23. 
 
 By Names: " Spirit of God." i Pet. 4: 14. i Cor. 3: 16. Rom. 
 8:9. Eph. 4:30. "Spirit of Christ." Rom. 8:9. i Pet. i:ii, 12. 
 Phil. 1:19. "Holy Spirit," "Holy Ghost." i Thes. 4:8. Given us 
 His Holy Spirit, i John 3:24; 4:13. "Eternal Spirit." Heb. 9:14. 
 "Spirit of'Truth." John 14:17; 15:26; 16:13. 
 
 By Direct Assertion,: Eph. 4:4. There is one Spirit, i Cor. 12: 
 II. Worketh one Spirit. Eph. 2: 18. Access by one Spirit. 
 
 By Christ's full conclusive testimony. John 14: 16, 17, 20; 15:26;. 
 16:7-14. 
 
 By attribution of Divine Power: In Creation. Gen. i : 2. Spirit 
 of God moved upon waters. Job 33 : 4. Spirit of God hath made me. 
 Job 27:3; 32:8. VI. 170. In Regeneration. John 6:63. The Spirit 
 quickeneth. John 3 : 5, 6, 8. Titus 3 : 5. In SanctiUcation. i Cor. 
 6:11. Sanctified by the Spirit of God. Rom. 15:16. i Pet. 1:2. 
 2 Thes. 2:13. In Inspired Disclosure of Truth. 2 Pet. 1:21. Holy 
 men spake as moved by Holy Ghost. 2 Sam. 23 : 2. Spirit of Jehovah 
 spake by me. HI. 495. r Thes. i : 5. Our gospel came in the Holy 
 Spirit. In supernatural strength and help. Eph. 3 : 16. Strengthened 
 by the Spirit. Rom. 8 : 26. 
 
 By Demand for Divine Honor and Obedience. Implied in references 
 to "Grieving." Eph. 4:30. "Vexing." Isa. 63:10. "Quenching." 
 I Thes. 5:19. "Resisting." Acts 7:51. "Doing despite to." Heb. 
 10:29. "Blasphemy." Mark 3:29. Matt. 12:31. X. 187. Illus. 
 Ananias. Acts 5 : 3, 4. 
 
 In the works of Creation and Providence, the equality of the Son 
 and Spirit with the Father appears to be absolute and perfect. No 
 intimation is suggested of any subordination. 
 
28 Office Work of Father — Son. 
 
 OFFICE WORK OF THE TRINITY IN HUMAN 
 REDEMPTION. 
 
 I. The Father Gives and Sends the Son. Sends the 
 Spirit. Read I. 126. 7. H. B. S. 
 
 John 3: 16. God so loved that He gave His Son, v. 17. Sent His 
 Son into the world. Matt. 3:16, 17. X. 65, 283. Gal. 4:4. When 
 the fullness of time was come, God sent forth His Son ... to 
 redeem. Ps. 2:6, 7. John 6:57. Zcch. 13:7. Awake, O Sword, 
 against the Man, My Fellow. IX. 606. Gal. 4: 6. God hath sent forth 
 the Spirit of His Son into your hearts. Luke 11 : 13. Your heavenly 
 Father gives the Holy .Spirit to them that ask. John 14: 16, 26. The 
 Father shall give you. i John 4:9, 10, 14. 
 
 Further, the Father is said to " foreknow." i Pet. i : 2. To 
 "Sanctify." Jude i. To give "Peace, faith and love." Eph. 6:23. 
 Indwelling. John 14:23. We will come. 
 
 II. The Son, Jesus (Saviour) the Christ (Messiah or 
 Anointed) of God. 
 
 Sends the Spirit. John 14:26; 15:26. Luke 24:49. Acts 2:33. 
 
 His Redemptive Work Epitomized : Matt, i : 21. Call His 
 name Jesus, for lie shall save His people. Ps. 40:7. I come to do 
 Thy Will. IV. 300. John i : 29. Behold the Lamb of God that taketh 
 away the sin of the world. X. 73, 4. Rev. 19: 10. The testimony of 
 Jesus is the spirit of Prophecy. XI. 766. Job 19:24. My Redeemer 
 liveth. I Tim. i: 15. Christ Jesus came into the world to save sin- 
 ners. Luke 19: ID. The Son of Man is come to seek and to save 
 that which was lost, i Cor. i : 30. Christ Jesus of God is made unto 
 us wisdom and righteousness and sanctification and redemption. XI. 
 283. Mark 10:45. The Son of Man came to minister, and to give 
 His life a ransom for many. X. 394. Acts 3: 26. To bless every one, 
 in turning away from his iniquities. XL 30. Isa. 61 : 1-3. Anointed 
 to preach good tidings, to proclaim liberty, etc. VIII. 353-356. Luke 
 4: 16-22. X. 109, no. Isa. 42: I, 6, 7; 49: 6, 9. VIII. 257. (Saviour 
 nf Gentiles and Jews.) 
 
Prophet — Priest — King. 29 
 
 Foreshown and Declared Before Incarnation: By the First 
 Promise at the Fall (Gen. 3: 15 confirmed i John 3:8) of a Personal 
 Deliverer; this promise made more definite and full in successive 
 covenants with Abraham, Jacob and David. 
 
 Typically by the Supreme and Vital Offices of Prophet, 
 Priest and King. Sec XI. 418. F. D. H. 
 
 Prophet: Revealer of God and Teacher of Truth. Deut. 18: 15-19- 
 A Prophet like unto me. II. 66y. Isa. 48: 17. VIII. 252. Acts S'^3- 
 I Cor. I : 30. Christ the wisdom of God. Matt. 11 : 27. No man know- 
 eth the Father, save he to whomsoever the Son will reveal Him. 
 Luke 10: 22.. Heb. 1:1. Speaks to us in the Son. XI. 560. (His 
 authority asserted and recognized, "I say unto you." X. 118.) John 
 6: 63. The words I speak are life. (Germs and principles of all New 
 Testament doctrine contained in the words of Christ. X. 507. John 
 16: 13, 14.) Also X. 588. 
 
 Priest: Mediator and Sacrifice, Himself both Offerer and Offering; 
 also Intercessor and Surety. Ps. 110:4. Heb. 5:10. Called of God 
 an High Priest after the order of Melchizedek. Heb. 4: 15; 7: 24, 25. 
 I Tim. 2:5. One Mediator, the Man Christ Jesus. Fleb. 8:6, 8; 
 9: 15; 10: 16, 17, 24. Mediator of a new covenant, etc. XI. 585-593. 
 Heb. 2: 17. A merciful and faithful High Priest, to make propitiation 
 for the sins of the people. XI. 562, 570. Heb. 9: 12. Through His 
 own blood, entering in once for all, obtained eternal redemption. 
 Heb. 9 : 24. Heb. 7 : 25. Ever liveth to make intercession for them, 
 that come unto God by Him. Rom. 8: 34. Isa. 53: 12. Made inter- 
 cession. Job. 9:33. Daysman. VI. 66. (Priesthood of Christ. XT. 
 788-792, also V. 239.) 
 
 [The nature which had sinned was the nature to be redeemed, 
 and it could be redeemed only by that which was effected in the 
 nature which had sinned. Divinity alone could not be a mediator ; 
 humanity alone could no^ bp. The nature of the office, implying two 
 parties, supposes of necessity a svmpathv with both; and as God and 
 man are the parties, none but the God-man can possibly be the medi- 
 ator. Hence " the Word became flesh." Erskine Mason.l 
 
 King; Messiah, or Anointed (of God). (David the kingly type.) 
 See XI. 536. T. B. Ps. 2 : 6. I set My King upon My holy hill. 
 Ps. 2:12. His Anointed. Matt. 22:43-45. Ezek. 37:24. My ser- 
 vant David shall be King. IX. 166. Micah : 2:13. Breaker. King. 
 IX. 473. Ezek. 21:27. Zech. 9:9, 12. Behold, thy King cometb 
 
30 Office Work of Christ. 
 
 to thee. IX. 589-591. Matt 21:5. John 12:15. Ps. 89:18. Holy 
 One of Israel is our King. Ps. 24: 10. The Lord of Hosts, He is the 
 King. Ps. 45. IV. 326-332. Ps. y2. 478-486. Jer. 46:18; 48:15. 
 Ps. 5:2; 84:3. My King and my God. Ps. 47:7. God is King. 
 Rom. 14:9. Lord both of dead and living. XL 268. i Tim. 6:15. 
 Rev. II : 15. XI. 753; 17: 14. 
 
 Christ affirms His Kingship. Matt. 25:34. The King shall say. 
 John 18:37. I am a King, Kingdom not of this world. X. 529. See 
 XL 586. 
 
 Old Testament References to Messiah. Jacob's Blessing. I. 548- 
 550. Star and Scepter Prophecy. II. 602. Named first by Hannah. 
 I Sam. 2: 10. HI. 251. Cov. with David. 2 Sam. 7: 12-16. III. 387- 
 392. Predicted by David. 2 Sam. 23: 3, 4. HI. 496. In Isaiah: 7: 14. 
 A Son, Immanucl. VIII. 50-54. 9:6, 7. Name, Wonderful. VIII. 
 61-69. 11: 1-9- Rod, Stem of Jesse. VIII. 77-80. 32:2. Man, hiding 
 places. \TII. 155. 42:1-7. Qualification for Mission. VIII. 218. 48: 
 16. Author of Prophecy. VIII. 251. 50:6. Back to smiters. VIII. 
 264. 52: 13-53. Suffering. VIII. 276-291. 61 : i : 3. Preacher, Healer, 
 Deliverer and Comforter. VIII. 353-356. 63: 1-6. Victor. VIII. 363- 
 366. In Jeremiah: 33: 15-18. VIII. 555, 6. In Ezekiel: 34:23. IX. 
 150. In Daniel: 7: 13, 14. IX. 277-281. In Micah: 5:2-5. IX. 479- 
 481. In Haggai: IX. 547. In Zechariah: 2: 10. 11. IX. 558. 6:11- 
 13. IX. 576-578. 11: 12. IX. 598. 12:10. IX. 604. 13:7. IX. 606, 
 610-612. In Malachi: 3: i. IX. 636, 7. 4:2. IX. 649, 50, 53, 54. In 
 Psalms: Above. Also Ps. 22-40, etc. Also, see I. 184-191, 251, 294, 
 545- 
 
 Christ affirms Himself the Messiah. John 4: 26. X. 95. Luke 4: 
 21. X. 109. Mark 14:61, 62. X. 525. Quotes Ps. no in proof. X. 
 433. See also Dan. 9:24-26. IX. 299-303. And Dan. 7: 13, 14. IX. 
 275-280. Read further. Essays X. 592, 594, 607. 
 
 Kingly and Priestly Dignify predicted. Ps. no. V. 231-242. 
 Zech. 6: 13. Priest on His throne. IX. 577. Heb. 10: 12. 
 
 The Offices of Prophet, Priest and King combined in the words: Re- 
 deemer, O. and N. T. ; Saviour. Redemption, X. T. ; Salvation, both Old 
 and New Testaments. Isa. 44:22. Zech. 10:8. I have redeemed thee. 
 IX. 594. Compare i Pet. i: 18. Rev. 5:9. Isa. 41: 14; 43: 14. The 
 Lord your Redeemer, the Holy One of Israel. Isa. 49:26. Isa. 43: 
 3. II. Holy One of Israel thy Saviour. Beside Me no Saviour. Isa. 
 59: 16. His own arm brought salvation. VIII. 342. Isa. 63:5. Zech. 
 9:9. King, just, and having salvation. Ps. 3:8. Ps. 27: i. Acts 4: 
 
How Achieved. 31 
 
 12; 5:31. 2 Tim. 2: 10. I Cor. 1:30. Christ is made to us redemp- 
 tion. Heb. 9: 12. Obtain eternal redemption for us. 
 
 Christ's Official Subordination to the Father in Execut- 
 ing the Offices of Prophet, Priest and King, as Mediator and 
 Redeemer. This is intimated by such expressions as " I came not 
 to do Mine own will but the will of My Father" (John 5:30; 6: 
 38). " Lo, I come to do Thy will (Heb. 10: 9). This fact furnishes 
 a sufficient explanation of the words, " My Father is greater than I," 
 and I Cor. 11:3; Heb. 5:8, etc. But a single statement remains as 
 an unsolved difficulty. In Matt. 24: 36 and Mark 13 : 32 we read, " Of 
 that day knoweth no one, not even the angels of heaven, neither the 
 Son, but the Father only." X. 458. Christ's meaning may, perhaps, 
 be qualified by His last words to His disciples at His ascension, " It 
 is not for you to know the times and seasons, which the Father hath 
 set within (or, appointed by) His own authority" (Acts 1:7). Still, 
 the statement of Matthew and Mark remains the one sole intimation 
 in the New Testament of any limitation in the omniscient knowledge 
 of the Son, even in His Mediatorial capacity. Setting over aj^ainst 
 this unexplained statement such declarations as " In Him all the 
 treasures of wisdom and knowledge hidden" (Col. 2:3), and the 
 abundant proofs of His Divine discernment of the hearts of men, 
 and especially the fact that in direct connection with this inexpli- 
 cable statement appears His absolute foreknowledge of the very events 
 to which the statement refers, the essence of the difficulty is certainly 
 minimized in its effect upon an intelligent and justly thinking mind. 
 And there we may be content to leave it. 
 
 [Paul teaches a certain subordination to the Father. He is the 
 executive of the Father's will, the Mediator of the salvation He has 
 resolved upon. He resigns His authority to the Father (i Cor. 15: 
 28). But this subordination is expressly limited to His work in Re- 
 demption. It is the Mediatorial throne which He resigns. He vacates 
 it because His work is " finished," that the perfect result may appear 
 to " the praise of the Father," who has initiated and directed it. G. 
 B. Stevens.'] 
 
 Achieved through His Incarnation, in Earth and Heaven. 
 
 Read XI. 797, 8. 
 
 By His Advent as God-Man. X. 63, Sec. 168, p. 591. " Son of 
 Man." X. 78, 89, 131. Dan. 7:13. Heb. 2:16, 17. Rev., chaps, i 
 and 14. Named Immanuel, God with us. Isa. 7:15. Isa. 9:6, 7. 
 
32 
 
 Office Work of Christ. 
 
 VIII. 50-54, 61-69. Xamed Jesus, Saviour. Luke 2: 11. Unto you is 
 born a Saviour, Christ the Lord. Matt., i : 21. For He shall save. 
 
 By His sinless life and perfect example. 1 Pet. 2 : 22. Did no sin, 
 neither was guile found in his mouth. 2 Cor. 5:21. Know no sin. 
 Heb. 7:26. John 8:46. i Pet. 2:21. Left us an example. John 
 13: 15. I have given you an example. Rom. 15:3. Phil. 2:5. 
 
 By His Disclosures of God, of the Law, of sin and salvation. John 
 3:7-16. Matt., chaps. 5, 6. John, chaps. 5-10. 
 
 By His Deeds of Help and blessing. Summed up, Acts 10:33. 
 He went about doing good. 
 
 Pre-eminently by His Suffering, Humiliation and Death. 
 Read X. 514, 5. H. Phil. 2:7, 8. Emptied Himself, taking the form 
 of a servant ; and He humbled Himself, becoming obedient even unto 
 death, yea, the death of the cross. Isa. 53:4, 5, 6, 12. Poured 
 
 out His soul unto death. Bare the sin of many. VIII. 276-288. Acts 
 8:35. Of the same Scripture preached Jesus. Dan. 9:24-26. 
 
 Make reconciliation for iniquity and bring in everlasting righteous- 
 ness. The Anointed One (Messiah) shall be cut off. IX. 299, 303. 
 2 Cor. 5 : 18, 19. God was in Christ, reconciling the world unto Him- 
 self. Christ foretells His death (Matt. 20: 18, 19; 26:2), and 
 fully interprets its meaning and purpose from the O. T. Scriptures 
 (Luke 24: 26, 27, 44-47). For His previous statements, see John 3: 
 14, 15; 8:28; 12:32, 34. Read II. 575, X. 90, 315, 396, 442. Also 
 see Acts 3:18; 17:3; 26:22. XI. 171. r Cor. 15:3. Died for 
 our sins, according to the Scriptures. Rom. 5:6, 8; 14:9. Zech. 
 13: I. IX. 605. I Cor. 2:8. I Pet. 2:24. Bare our sins in His 
 body on the tree. Gal. i : 4. Gave Himself for our sins that He might 
 deliver us. Heb. 9:26. Manifested to put away sin by the 
 sacrifice of Himself, i Pet. 3: 18. That He might bring us to God. 
 Rom. 5:10. Reconciled to God by the death of His Son. Col. 1: 
 22. Heb. 2:9. By the grace of God should taste death for every 
 man. 2 John 2:2. For the whole world, i Tim. 2 : 6. A ransom 
 for all. Titus 2: 14. Gave Himself for us, to redeem from all 
 iniquity. Gal. 2 : 20. Loved me and gave Himself for mc. Eph. 5 : 
 2. Loved you and gave Himself an offering and sacrifice to God. 
 I John 1 : 7. The blood of Jesus Christ clcanseth us from all sin. 
 ("This is the vitalizing element of the Lcvitical Ritual, the burden 
 of Prophecy, the teaching of Christ, the inspired testimony of Hiii 
 Apostles, and the song of the redeemed in heaven.") Rev. 1 : 8. Unto 
 
How Achieved. 23 
 
 Him that loveth us and washed us from our sins in His blood. (For 
 Illus. see HI. 373, 4.) Heb. 10: 10, 14. XI. 592. See also IX. 605, 6. 
 With the forgiveness and cleansing- of sin, by His Death we re- 
 ceive, through His Spirit, Divine Renewal, Adoption into Childship, 
 and Heirship of all things. Rom. 8: 1-4, 14-17, 32-39. And the 
 Divine Indwelling, insuring present guidance, control, help and 
 abiding righteousness and peace. I Cor. 1:30. John 14: 18, 21, 23. 
 Eph. 3:17. 2 Cor. 5:21. John 14:27. Col. 1:27. 
 
 By His Resurrection, Abolishing Death and Insuring Life 
 Immortal. 
 
 Proofs 0/ Christ's resurrection. Rom. 14:9. Both died and rose 
 again. 8:34. Christ died, risen, i Cor. 15:4. Rev. i : 18. I am the 
 Living One, I was (became) dead, and behold, I am alive for ever- 
 more. Rom. 14:9. Christ died, rose and revived, that He might be 
 Lord of the dead and living. XI. 263. i Cor. 15 : 5-7. Witnesses of 
 His resui^rection. Acts 10:40. Chief theme of apostles in Acts and 
 epistles. XI. 36. Acts 2: 31 ; 4: 3, 10, 33; 5:30, etc. See VIII. 289, 
 290. 
 
 Fruits of His victory over death. Heb. 2 : 14. Through death de- 
 stroy Him that had the power of death. 2 Tim. i : 10. Who hath 
 abolished death and brought life and immortality to light. Isa. 25 : 8. 
 He hath swallowed up death forever'. VIII. 1 18-120. i Cor. 15:54, 
 57. Death is swallowed up in victory . . . through our Lord 
 Jesus Christ. See Hos. 13:14. IX. 376. John 11:25. I am the 
 Resurrection and the Life. John 14: 19. Because I live, ye shall live 
 also. I Thes. 4: 14. If Jesus died and rose again, even so them that 
 are fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with Him. Rom. 4 : 25. 
 Raised for our justification. 
 
 Other definite proofs: 
 
 Predicted by Christ. Luke 18:33. They shall kill Him, and the 
 third day He shall rise again. X. 394. Testimony of chief priests 
 and Pharisees. Mark 15:63. That deceiver said. After three days 
 I will rise again. X. 556. Asserted by the Angel at the sepulchre. 
 Luke 24:6. He is risen, as He said. X. 557. Witnesses of His sub- 
 sequent appearances: Mary Magdalen and the other women. John 
 20:11-18. Matt. 18:9, 10. X. 562-566. Simon Peter. Luke 24:34. 
 Two unnamed disciples. Luke 24:13-35. X. 567-569. The Eleven 
 Apostles, twice. Luke 24 : 36-43. John 20 : 26-29. X. 570-574. Seven 
 Apostles at the Sea of Tiberias. John 21 : 1-24. X. 575-579. The 
 Eleven with five hundred brethren in Galilee, i Cor. 15:6. X. 581. 
 3 
 
34 Office Work of Christ. 
 
 The Eleven in Jerusalem. Acts i : 3-8. Luke 24 : 44-49. X. 580-582. 
 Note His own testimony. Luke 24. vs. 44-48. Immediately following, 
 His Ascension at Bethany. X. 584, 5. Add the great declaration: 
 Rev. 1 : 18. I am He that liveth and was dead. His Resurrection the 
 prominent theme of Apostolic Preaching. Peter's first sermon at 
 Pentecost. Acts 2:31, 32. XT. 21, 22. Thence onward, preached by 
 P»ter, Philip and Paul. Acts 4:3. 10, 33. XL 36. Acts 5:30. XL 
 119. Act? 17:3. 31. XL 127. Acts 26: 22. XL 171. Resurrection 
 with the death, the vital theme of the Epistles and Revelation. For 
 further i)oints see Top. An., pp. 451-455. Also read VHL 289. 
 
 By His Ascension. Luke 24:50, 51. Acts 1:9. XL 11. Ps. 
 24:7-10. IV. 192. Ps. 47:5. IV. 339. Ascension Gifts. Ps. 68:17, 
 18. IV. 461-464. Eph. 4:8. 
 
 By His Abiding Intercession. Heb. 7:25. Ever liveth to 
 make intercession for them that come unto God by Him. XL 580. 
 
 By His Second Coming for Judgment and Eternal Con- 
 summation of the Divine Redemptive Scheme. i Thes. 4: 16. 
 Lord shall descend. XL 493. i Chron. 16:33. Cometh to judge the 
 earth. Ps. 96: 13. 14, 98:9. Acts i: 11. XL 12, 640. 713. Jnde 14. 
 Rev. 1:7. John 5:22. All judgment to the Son. Rom. 14: 10. All 
 stand before the judgment-seat of Christ. 2 Cor. 5: 10. 2 Tim. 4: i. 
 Who shall judge the quick and the dead at His appearing and king- 
 dom. XL 540. Matt. 25:31-46. X. 460. Heb. 9:28. Will appear a 
 second time, apart from sin, unto salvation. XL 590. Phil. 3:20. We 
 wait. Titus 2:13. Lookin"- for the blessed hope and appearing of 
 our great God and Saviour Jesus Christ. XL 548. 2 Pet. 3: XL 677, 
 9. Rev. 20:768. 9. For comment see Top. An., p. 172. 
 
 Figurative Titles and Terms, Further Showing the Breadth 
 and Completeness of Christ's Redemptive Work. 
 
 Branch. Zech. 6: 12. 13. The man whose name is the Branch, 
 He shall build up the temple of the Lord, bear the glory, sit and rule 
 on His throne, and shall be a Priest upon His Throne. IX. 577-579. 
 Isa. 4:2. VIII. 32. Isa. it: I. VIII. 76. Jer. 23:5-8. VIII. 504. 
 Jer. 33:14-26. VIII. 555. Zech. 3:8. IX. 562. 
 
 Lion of Juduh. Rev. 5:5, 6. Behold the Lion of the tribe of 
 Judah, and I beheld, and lo, a Lamb as it had been slain. XL 741. 
 
 Paraclete (Gr.) Advocate, Comforter, Helper, i John 2: i. Ad- 
 vocate with the Father, Jesus Christ. Isa. 32 : 2. A man shall be an 
 
Figurative Titles. 35 
 
 hiding-place, covert, as water in a dry place, the shadow of a great 
 rock in a weary land. VIII. 155. Isa. 50:4. To sustain him that is 
 weary. VIII. 26^. Isa. 51:12. He that comforteth you. Matt. 11: 
 28. I will give you rest. John 14: 18. I will not leave you comfort- 
 less. 
 
 Arm of the Lord. Isa. 53 : 2. VIII. 280. Avenger of His Re- 
 deemed. Isa. 63: 1-6. VIII. 363-366. (His judgments in the interest 
 of Redemption.) 
 
 Servant of Jehovah. Isa. 42: i. VIII. 218-223. Isa. 53: 11. Jus- 
 tify many. VIII. 286. 
 
 Corner-Stone. Isa. 28: 16. Precious, of sure foundation. VIII; 
 140. Ps. 1 18: 22. V. 280. Eph. 2: 220. XI. 423. I Pet. 2: 6. XI. 653. 
 
 Shepherd. Ezek. 34:23. One Shepherd over them, even my 
 servant David. IX. 150. Ezek. 37:24. IX. 166. Isa. 40:11. Feed 
 His flock like a Shepherd. VIII. 209. Micah 5:2, 4. IX. 479. Zech. 
 13:7. IX. 592. Matt. 26:31. X. 474. John 10:11. I am the good 
 Shepherd and lay down my life for the sheep. X. 333-342. 
 
 Master. Matt. 23:8, 10. One is your Master, Christ. Col. 4:24. 
 Ye serve the Lord Christ. 
 
 Brother. By calling disciples His brethren. Matt. 12:49; 25: 
 40; 28:10. Luke 8:21. John 20:17. Heb. 2:11. XI. 561. 
 
 Burden-bearer and source of strength. Ps. 68: 19. Daily beareth 
 our burdens. IV. 464. Ps. 84:5. Strength in Thee. V. 68. Ps. 73: 
 26. Strength of my heart. V. 12, 13. Phil. 4: 13. Christ strengthen- 
 eth me. 
 
 Friend. Prov. 18:24. VI. 356, 7. Isa. 41:8. Abraham my 
 friend. John 15: 14. Ye are my friends. V. 15. I have called you 
 friends. 
 
 Peace. Micah 5:5. This Man our peace. IX. 481. Eph. 2: 14, 
 15. Our peace. John 16:33. I" Me ye have peace. Col. 1:20. XI. 
 470. 
 
 Light of the World. John i : 4. The light of men. X. 62. John 
 1:9. The true light which lighteth every man. John 8: 12. I am the 
 Light of the world. X. 312. John 12:46. I am come a light into the 
 world. X. 444. Isa. 49 : 6. A light to the Gentiles, my salvation to the 
 ends of the earth. Acts 13 : 47 Mai. 4 : 2. Sun. IX. 649, 653. Rev. 
 21 : 23. The Lamb is the Light thereof. XI. 774. i John i : 7. XI. 
 683. 
 
36 Office Work of the 
 
 Bread of Life. John 6: 35, 51. X. 251-256. Living Water. John 
 7:^7, 38- Isa. 55: I. Rev. 21 : 6. I uill give. 
 
 JVay, Truth, Life. John 14:6. I am the Way, the Truth, the 
 Life. X. 481. (Read first note, v. 6, on "I ams " of Christ.) Col. 
 3:4. Christ our Life. XL 478. 
 
 Resurrection and Life. John 11:25. X- 348. John 14:19. Be- 
 cause I live, ye shall live also, i Thes. 5:10. John 5:28; 17:3. 
 
 Read summary, Top. An., p. 175. 
 
 III. OfRce-Work of the Holy Spirit in Man's Redemption. 
 
 Intimations in the Old Testament : Gen. 6:3. My Spirit 
 shall not strive with man forever. L 228-231. Isa. 63:10. Grieved 
 His Holy Spirit. VHL 368. Hosea 4:17. Let him alone. 9:12. 
 Woe when I depart. IX. 348. III. 200. Ps. 51 : 11, 12. Take not Thy 
 lioly Spirit from mc. Uphold me with Thy Spirit. IV. Xum. 11 : 
 29. Would God that the Lord would put His Spirit upon all His 
 people. II. 543. Isa. 63: 11, 14. 
 
 Workmen and Leaders specially appointed and qualified for ser- 
 vice. Ex. 31:1, 2, 6; 35:36. II. 284-286. III. 179, 210, 230. 
 
 Zech. 4:6. N^ot by might but My Spirit. IX. 565. Not in earth- 
 quake, fire or tempest, but in the still small voice. VII. 123. Xch. 9: 
 20, 30. Gavest Thy good Spirit to instruct them. Testifiedst by Thy 
 Spirit. VII. 566. Cf. 2 Kings 6:17. VII. 201. Job 32:8. vf. 170. 
 Neh. 7:5. My God put into my heart. 
 
 Promise of Full Manifestation of the Holy Spirit. Joel 2 : 28. I wilf 
 pour out My Spirit upon all flesh. IX. 397-399. Isa. 44: 3. VIII. 230. 
 Isa. 32: 15. VIII. 158. Zech. 12: 10. IX. 603. Ezek. 36:27. IX. 156. 
 Fulfillment of Promise Began at the Pentecost. Acts 2: 16-21. 
 
 Teaching of Christ and New Testament Writers, concern- 
 ing the Holy Spirit's Work. Christ's Words (as always) con- 
 taining the Germs and Substance of all Divine Revelation. 
 
 The Holy Ghost, as " the Spirit of Truth," Inspirer, Instructor and 
 Guide, Helper and Indweller. 
 
 Inspires all ."Sacred JVritini^s and IVriters. 2 Pet. I : 2i. ^len 
 spake from God, being moved by the Holy Ghost. Mark 12:36. 
 David said by Holy Ghost. Acts 1 : 16. The Holy Ghost spake 
 
Holy Spirit in Redemption. 37 
 
 by the mouth of David. Acts 28:25. Spake the Holy Ghost by 
 Isaiah, i Thes. i : 5. Gospel came in the Holy Ghost. 2 Sam. 23 : 2. 
 Spirit spake by me. III. 495, XL 813. 
 
 Inspires thought, zvord and deed in all consecrated workers, i 
 Cor. 12:7. The manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to 
 profit withal, i Cor. 2:11, 12. We have received the Spirit that we 
 might know the things given us of God. 2 Cor. 3 : 17. Where the 
 Spirit of the Lord is there is liberty, i Thes. 4:8. i John 4: 13. 
 God hath given unto us His Holy Spirit. Luke 11:13. Heavenly 
 Father gives the Holy Spirit. Luke 12: 12. Holy Ghost shall teach 
 you. Mark 13: 11. Not ye that speak but the Holy Ghost. X. 236, 
 446. Illus. Acts 8:26-29. Acts 13:4. Acts 20:28. (Inspiration 
 claimed for a body of believers. Acts 15:28.) Man inspirable. Job 
 33:4. VL 172. 
 
 Guides into all truth. John 16:13. He will guide you into all 
 truth. John 14:26. Shall teach you all things. Job 34:32. VI. 181. 
 VII. 201. 
 
 Christ's Words and Work the Theme of the Holy Ghost's teach- 
 ing. John 14:26. He shall bring to remembrance all that I said. X. 
 486. 15 : 26. He shall testify of Me. X. 494. 16: 14. He shall glorify 
 Me, for He shall take of Mine and declare it unto you. X. 500. These 
 words of Christ taken with Luke, 11:13 (Father gives the Holy 
 Spirit) clearly intimate an official subordination of the Spirit to the 
 Father and the Son. Like that of the Son to the Father, this sub- 
 ordination is expressly limited to His Office-Work in Redemption. 
 
 The Holy Ghost Applies and Makes Effective Christ's 
 Redeeming Work. See XL 22. 
 
 Calls Men to Repentance and to Christ. Heb. 3 -.y. Holy Ghost saith, 
 To-day if ye will hear His voice, harden not your hearts. Rev. 22: 
 17. The Spr'rit and the Bride say. Come. 
 
 Convinces of sin, of righteousness, and of judgment. John 16:8-11. 
 Of sin, because they believe not on Me. (This the supreme, all- 
 inclusive sin.) Read X. 495-500. 
 
 Regenerates, Quickens from death to life. John 3 : 5-8. Except a 
 man be born anew ... of water and the Spirit. (Water, sym- 
 bol of the Spirit. John 7:3s. 39.) Titus 3:5. Saved us though the 
 washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost. XL 550. 
 Illus. Ezek. 37:1-14. IX. 164. See Ps. 119:40. V. 304. 
 
38 Office Work of the Spirit. 
 
 Seals and Testifies to our Adoption or Childship. Rom. 8: 14-16. 
 Ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we crv. Father. 
 The Spirit Him.'^elf beareth witness with our spirit, that we are chil- 
 dren of God: and if children, then heirs. Eph. i : 13. 14. Sealed with 
 the Holy Spirit of promise, which is an earnest of our inheritance. 
 
 Sanctifies, i.e., Renews, Invigorates and Intensifies Spiritual Life. 
 Rom. 15: 16. Sanctified by the Holy Ghost, i Cor. 6:11. Sanctified 
 by the Spirit of God. 2 Thes. 2: 13. i Pet. i : 2. Through sanctifica- 
 tion of the Spirit. Eph. 3: 16. Strengthened with power through His 
 Spirit in the inward man. i Cor. 4: 16. Inward man renewed day by 
 day. I Cor. 3: 18. Changed . . . by the Spirit of the Tord. 
 
 Inspires and Helps in Prayer. Zech. 12: 10. Pour the Spirit of sup- 
 plication. TX. 603. Rom. 8:26. Spirit helpeth. XI. 239. Eph. 6: 18; 
 Jude 20. Praying in the .Spirit. XI. 444, 710. 
 
 Abides in us. John 14: 17. He dwclleth with you and shall be in 
 you. Rom. 8:9. i Cor. 3: 16. The Spirit of God dwelleth in you. 
 I Cor. 6: 19. Your body is a temple of the Holy Ghost Who is in you. 
 Eph. 2 : 22. Ye are a habitation of God in the Spirit, i Thes. 4 : 8. 
 I Pet. 4:14. The Spirit of God resteth upon you. 2 Cor. 1:21. 
 Earnest of the Spirit in our hearts. See Isa. 63: 10. \TII. 368. 
 
 Abides, as a Comforter and Helper (Paraclete). John 14: 16. An- 
 other Comforter, with you forever, even the Spirit. X. 484. Rom. 
 8:26. The Spirit helpeth our infirmity. Himself maketh intercession 
 for us. Jude 20. As an Inworker. Eph. 3 : 20. The power that 
 worketh in us. Acts 1:8. Receive power after the Holy Ghost is 
 come upon you. Gal. 5:24. If we live by the Spirit, walk by the 
 Spirit. 
 
 As a believer, always assume, realize and act upon the assured 
 fact that the Holy Spirit is abiding in you. Pray, therefore, not that 
 He will come to you, but that He will 'd'ork His appropriate and 
 promised work in you. Paul never exhorts Christians to pray for 
 the Spirit; He exhorts them to be " led by the Spririt "; to " walk in 
 the " Spirit "; to " live in the Spirit "; to be " filled with the Spirit." 
 As believers, then, our daily aim and endeavor should be to cultivate 
 the habit of seeking the Spirit's guidance and inworking in the com- 
 mon experiences of life as well as in praise, prayer and devout medi- 
 tation, and in all forms of Christian service. To the Spirit's inwork- 
 ing we should respond with a glad surrender ; a more complete de- 
 pendence upon His help; a more earnest and faithful cooperation with 
 
Work of the Spirit. 39 
 
 Him in all His gracious purposes and interpositions in our lives, and 
 in the lives of those whom we are privileged to help as His co- 
 workers. 
 
 Promised to those that ask. Luke 11: 13. X. 328. Command to 
 seek His fullest gifts. Eph. 5: 18. Illus. Luke i: 15, 41, 67. Acts 
 2:4; 4:8; 6:5; 10:44. Filled with, full of the Holy Ghost. The 
 Infilling or Enduement by the Holy Spirit, pledged to every pleading 
 believer, is the one fundamental and essential condition of spiritual 
 growth and progress, and of all effective and fruitful service to God 
 and helpfulness to men. 
 
 Fruits ^f Spirit. Gal. 5 : 22. Eph. 5 : 9. Rom. 5 : 5. Love of God 
 shed in our hearts by the Spirit. His Tender Earnestness indicated. 
 Eph. 4:36. Grieve not the Spirit, i Thes. 5:10. Quench not the 
 Spirit. 
 
 All the influences which bear upon the renewed soul, the guid- 
 ance, the strength, the energy, the succor, the comfort, by which the 
 life of the believer is sustained and developed — all are ascribed alike 
 by Paul and Peter, James and John, solely to the power of the in- 
 dwelling Spirit. The power of the Holy Ghost, they affirm again and 
 again, is put forth in the soul of every believer through life. The 
 beautiful and effective graces, the enriching experiences and the benefi- 
 cent results of a sanctified life are attributed alone to the immediate 
 personal inworking of the Divine Spirit in the human. The light to 
 discern duty and the energy to perform it, the courage to dare, to do 
 or to speak for God and the right, the fervent persistent engagement 
 in the Christ-appointed life work of soul winning and saving, the 
 determination to avoid or resist evil, the fortitude to endure trial, 
 which characterize the faithful believer's conduct, the satisfaction, 
 the peace, the hope, the solace and the joy which enter into his experi- 
 ence — all that marks the process of renewal going on day by day in 
 the inner man is the sole product of the Spirit's inworking, continually 
 exerted therein, through the truth He has revealed. 
 
 Note. — The Office- Work of the Trinity, as delineated above, discloses 
 all that God is to man, sustaining every needful desirable relation and 
 manifesting every attractive, endearing and satisfying character. The 
 thoughtful student will find these points of vital significance and interest 
 summarized in another and more compact form {Top. An., pp. 181-184) 
 under the heading: God and -Man. 
 
40 Christ's Redemptive Work. 
 
 CHRIST'S REDEMPTIVE WORK. 
 
 In its Particulars, or Cardinal Facts. 
 
 I. INCARNATION. 
 
 Chief Texts and their Significance. The Pre-existent 
 Son of God Assumed a True and Complete Human Nature. 
 
 John I : I, 14. The Word was God. And the Word became 
 (egeneto, began to to be) flesh, and dwelt among us, and we beheld 
 His glory, glory as of the Only Begotten from the Father. Began to 
 be, " in contradistinction to that timeless mode of being in which He 
 had previously subsisted." Flesh, " humanity in its widest possible 
 significance, the humanity of the race, body and soul with all their 
 powers (Luther), human nature in its entirety (Godet, Luthardt, 
 Meyer, Weiss, IVestcott, and others)." X. 61-63. 
 
 I John I : I, 2. That which was from the beginning, that which 
 we have heard, that which we have seen with our eyes, that which 
 our hands handled, concerning the Word of Life (and the Life was 
 manifested, and we have seen and bear witness, and declare unto 
 you the Life, the Eternal Life which was with the Father, and was 
 manifested unto us) : that ye also may have fellowship with us; and 
 our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son Jesus Christ. 
 XL 681. 682. 
 
 I Tim. 3:16. Great is the mystery of godliness; He who was 
 manifested in the flesh, justified in the Spirit, seen of angels, preached 
 among the nations, believed on in the world, received up into glory. 
 XL 514. 
 
 Rom. 1 : 3, 4. Who was born of the Seed of David according to 
 the flesh, declared (determined) to be the Son of God with power, 
 by the resurrection of the dead. XT. 198. Rom. 9:5. Of whom 
 (Israelites) is Christ as concerning the flesh. Rom. 8:3. God. send- 
 ing His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh and as an offering 
 for sin, condemned sin in the flesh. Gal. 4:4. Born of a woman, 
 born under the law. " His assumed humanity was derived through 
 the process of a human birth." 
 
 Heb. 2: 14. 17. Since the children are sharers in flesh and blood. 
 He also Himself in like manner partook of the same. It behoved 
 
His Incarnation. 41 
 
 Him in all things to be made like unto His brethren, that He might 
 . . . make propitiation for the sins of the people. XI. 561, 562. 
 I Pet. 3 : 18. Christ suiTered for sins once, the righteous for the un- 
 righteous, that He might bring us to God ; being put to death in the 
 flesh. I Pet. 4: I. Christ suffered in the flesh. 
 
 Phil. 2:6-8. Who being in the form of (being originally) God, 
 counted it not a prize (a thing to be grasped) to be on an equality 
 with God, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant (slave), 
 being made (becoming) in the likeness of men; and being found in 
 fashion as a man, He humbled Himself, becoming obedient even unto 
 death, yea, the death of the cross. XI. 452. 
 
 [It is -to. the life-long obedience of Christ, terminating in that last 
 and greatest act of obedience, death, that the apostle here directs us. 
 The life and the death thus connected with each other, though differ- 
 ing in many things, yet resembled each other in this, that they were 
 both vicarious. Christ was our substitute from His cradle to His 
 cross. It was as our sin-bearing substitute that He entered on His 
 life of obedience, and as the same He finished that life upon the 
 cross. Pie was the obedient One all His life through; and that obedi- 
 ence was for us. Anon. He accomplished our salvation by all that 
 He was and all that He performed; by His actions and His words; 
 by what He did and what He suffered; by His life as by His death. 
 A. Vinet. 
 
 The birth of Jesus Christ inaugurated the history of our Redemp- 
 tion. It is the turning-point of the ages. It is the miracle of the 
 universe. It was a stupendous act of Divine condescension. The 
 Incarnation was a humiliation. For, in consenting to be born, the 
 Son of God voluntarily accepted the limitations of human life, and 
 surrendered Himself to all that these limitations involved. But the 
 humiliation did not stop there. He not only became man, but He 
 took upon Him the form of a servant. He accepted poverty, and 
 obscurity, in a mechanic's home. Deeper still was His humiliation. 
 He became obedieijt unto death. No such necessity grew out of His 
 being man, nor of His taking the servant form. For He was sinless 
 and holy, and death is the wages of sin. He might have warded it 
 off; but He would not. Saving others, Himself Pie would not save. 
 And even death does not measure the depth of His humiliation. He 
 was obedient to the death of the cross ; a shameful, an infamous and 
 accursed death, in the estimation of Roman and Jew. Humiliation 
 could go no farther. The Holiest drank the bitterest dregs. But in 
 all this humiliation there was no degradation. His Incarnation did 
 not degrade Him. His poverty did not degrade Him. His death did 
 
42 Christ's Redemptive Work. 
 
 not degrade Him. His crucifixion did not degrade Him. His Cross 
 has become His Throne, in which we glory. Bchrcnds.'] 
 
 Conceived by the Holy Ghost. 
 
 Matt 1 : 20-23. She was found with child of the Holy Ghost. An 
 angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou 
 son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife; for that 
 which is conceived (begotten) in her is of the Holy Ghost. And she 
 shall bring forth a son; and thou shalt call His name Jesus; for it 
 is He that shall save His people from their sins. Emmanuel, God 
 with us. X. 31, 32. Luke i : 30-35. The angel said unto her, Fear not, 
 Mary: for thou hast found favor (grace) with God. . . . The 
 Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Most High 
 shall overshadow thee; wherefore also the Holy thing which is to be 
 born (or is begotten) shall be called the Son of God. X. 23. Luke 
 2: 10-12. There is born to you this day in the city of David a Saviour, 
 which is Christ the Lord. X. 35. 
 
 Fullness of Deity with Humanity. 
 
 Col. 2:9. In Him dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily. 
 See VHL 291. IX. 610-612. 
 
 Christ's own Testimony. 
 
 Christ asserts His humanity, calling Himself about eighty times 
 The Son of Man. As emphatically He asserts His Deity, calling 
 Himself The Son of God, who alone knows, reveals, is one with, the 
 Father. For texts see God the Son, p. 25. 
 
 For following points see Top. An., pp. 212-217. 
 
 The Incarnation: a Union of Divine and Human Elements of 
 Being; a complete Revelation of God; Discloses the dignity and great- 
 ness of the human soul; Incarnation and Creation; Incarnation in the 
 light of its revealed Ends. 
 
Effects of His Earthly Life. 43. 
 
 II. INFLUENCES AND EFFECTS OF HIS EARTHLY 
 
 LIFE. 
 
 His Character. Brief points: Song of Solomon 5:16. Al- 
 together lovely. \'I. 566. Gentle, patient, yet strong. Isa. 42 : 2-4. 
 VIII. 219-221. Tender to children. Mark 10: 14. Suffer to come. 
 X. 387, 8. Loving. John 13: i. To the end. Gal. 2:20. Loved me. 
 Jer. 31 : 3. VIII. 539-541. Love of Christ. Rom. 8: 35. 2 Cor. 5: 14. 
 Eph. 2:4; 3:19; 5:2. Serving. Luke 22:27. ^ ^"^ 'is C)ne that 
 serveth. Seeking to Help. Acts 10:38. Went about doing good. 
 Sympathetic. Heb. 4: 15. Touched with feeling of our infirmities. 
 Wept with Martha. X. 351. Over the City. X. 411. Mark y.l'j. 
 For Special Endowments. Read Isa. 11:2-10. VIII. 77-81. Isa. 6t : 
 1-3. VIII. 353-356. Also Heb. 2: 10. XL 560. X. 597. 
 
 [Christ as the ideal of spirituality must be accounted for. His 
 conception of the Father, of communion with Him. of heaven, of holy 
 living finds a response in every exalted human heart. The attractive- 
 ness of this spirituality is a revelation of man's spirituality, of his 
 spiritual needs and possibilities. Anon.'] 
 
 His Teachings: 
 
 1. Parables, Objective, Practical Instructions touching the Kingdom 
 of God, the Privileges, Duties, and Responsibilities of its Subjects, and 
 the Final Issue of their Life Choice and Conduct. (Chronologically ar- 
 ranged.) Meaning and Use of Parables. X. 204. Two Debtors, pp. 
 182, 3. Rich Fool, 194. Barren Fig-Tree, 202. Sower, 204, 207. 
 Tares, 208. Seed growing secretly, 212. Mustard Seed and Leaven, 
 212. Hid Treasure and Pearl, 213. Net, 213. Old and New Gar- 
 ments and Bottles, 224. The Unmerciful Servant, 294. Good Samar- 
 itan, 323. Great Supper, 362 (Excuses). Lost Sheep, Coin and 
 Son, 365-371. Unjust Steward, 372. Dives and Lazarus, 378. Im- 
 portunate Widow, 383. Prayers of Pharisee and Publican, 383. La- 
 borers in Vineyard, 391. The Pounds, 401. Two Sons, 417. The 
 Faithless Husbandmen, 419. Marriage Feast and Garment, 421. Ten 
 Virgins, 456. The Talents, 458. Allegory of the Judgment. Matt. 
 25:31-46, 461-463- 
 
 2. Discourses, Colloquies, Brief Addresses and Sayings, Mainly Sub- 
 jective and Personal, a Progressive Series of Self-Disclosures. (Chrono- 
 logically arranged.) 
 
 Colloquy: John 1:47-51. With Nathanael (Bartholomew). X. 
 yy, 8. With Jews at Jerusalem. John 2 : 14-22, pp. 83-85. Dis- 
 
44 Discourses and Sayings. 
 
 course with Nicodemus. John 3:1-21. A clear and complete com- 
 pendium of the Work of the Trinity in Redemption, pp. 87-91. 
 Colloquy with Woman of Samaria. John 4:7-26. God a Spirit, 
 and Worship of the heart. Declares Himself Messiah, pp. 97-103. 
 Brief of Discourse and Colloquy at Nazareth. Luke 4: 17-27, pp. 109- 
 III. Announces His Messiahship. Colloquies with Jews at Jeru- 
 
 salem. John 5:17-47, pp. 129-134. Proves His Divine Sonship and 
 authority. Reproves their unbelief. Colloquy with Pharisees. 
 
 Luke 6: i-ii, pp. 135-138. Expounds the true Law of the Sabbath. 
 Luke 13:14-17, p. 355. Sermon on the Mount (Objective). 
 
 Matt., chaps. 5-7, pp. 143-170. Shows the Kingdom of God as the 
 aim and the substance of the Old Dispensation, and its consummation 
 as the end and crown of the New. Presents the point of connection 
 and transition between Judaism and Christianity. Address to 
 
 the people, concerning John the Baptist. Luke 7:34, 35, p. 175. 
 Upbraids the Three favored Cities (on the Lake) for unbelief. In- 
 vites the Heavy-laden. Matt. 11:20-30, p. 177. Refutes and 
 Reproves Pharisees and Scribes for their blasphemous charge of 
 alliance with Satan. Matt. 12:24-37, p. 186. Defines and limits the 
 meaning of blasphemy. Rebukes Scribes and Pharisees for ask- 
 ing a sign. Declares disciples His brethren. Matt. 12:38-50, p. 789. 
 Denounces Pharisees and lawyers for hypocrisy. Luke 1 1 : 37-54, 
 p. 192. Cautions Disciples against hypocrisy, forewarns and as- 
 sures them respecting their future. Luke 12:1-12, p. 194. In- 
 structs the Twelve in sending them forth. Matt. 10: 5-42, pp. 234-238. 
 Later the Seventy. Luke 10: 1-16, p. 296. Colloquy with people 
 (Jews) at Capernaum. John 6:25-59. Faith in Christ their only 
 Work. Christ the Bread of Life. His flesh meat and His blood 
 drink, pp. 249-255. Charges Pharisees with rejecting God's com- 
 mandments through regard for their traditions. Matt. 15:5-9. Mark 
 7: 7-13, p. 258. Therefore their worship was heartless and worthless. 
 Accuses them again of hypocrisy. Matt. 16: 1-6, p. 266. Re- 
 sponds to Peter's Great Confession. Matt. 16: 16-20, pp. 268, 271- 
 273. Urges Disciples to Self-denial. Mark 8: 34-38, p. 275. Luke 
 14:25-27, pp. 362-364. Foretells His Death and Resurrection. 
 Luke 9:43-45, p. 287. Again, Mark 10:32, 33. Luke 18:31-34, p. 
 393. John 12:23-33. Rebukes Ambition and Intolerance of 
 disciples and Denounces Persecutors. Mark 9:33-50. etc., p. 288. 
 Colloquy with Jews in the Temple. John 7: 11-39. pp. 302-307. Jus- 
 tifies His teaching and working as of God. Invites the thirsting to 
 come and drink. Words to Accused Woman. John 8:3-11. X. 309. 
 Colloquy in the Temple. John 8:12-19. p. 309. "I am the Liglit 
 
Discourses and Sayings, 45, 
 
 of the World." " The Father beareth witness of Me." Colloquy 
 
 renewed. John 8: 21-58, pp. 313, 317. " Believe in Me or die in your 
 sins." " Continue in My word and ye shall know the truth and be 
 free" from sin. (To Jews) Abraham your father in the flesh, but 
 the devil in the spirit. " Abraham rejoiced to see My Day." " Be- 
 fore Abraham was, I AM." Colloquy in the Temple. John 9 : 
 39:41; 10: 1-38, pp. 333-343. "I am the Door; by Me if any enter 
 in he shall be saved." " I am the Good Shepherd." " I lay down 
 My life for the sheep." " There shall be One Flock and One Shep- 
 herd." Reply to Martha (Lazarus four days buried). John 11: 
 21-27, p. 347. " I am the Resurrection and the Life." Speaks 
 to Disciples. Luke 17: i-io, p. 379. Concerning a Forgiving, Believ- 
 ing and Serving Spirit. Luke 17:22-37, p. 381. Destruction of Jew- 
 ish State by Romans. Matt. 19:3-15, p. 385. Divorce and Marriage. 
 Blessing Little Children. Answers Peter's selfish question, 
 "What shall we have?" Matt. 19:27-30, p. 391. "An hundred-fold 
 now, and everlasting life." Answers ambitious request of James 
 and John. Mark 10: 35-45, p. 393. Serving greater than Ruling. Luke 
 22 : 24-27, p. 468. Colloquies in the Temple. Refutes and silences 
 chief priests, scribes, elders, Pharisees and Sadducees. Luke 22:1-8, 
 p. 417. On the question of His authority. Matt. 22:15-22, p. 424. 
 About Tribute Money. Luke 20 : 27-39, p. 426. About the Resurrec- 
 tion. " God the God of the living, for all live unto Him." Matt. 
 22:41-45, p. 429. "Whose Son is Christ?" Mark 12:28-34, p. 
 430. Which is the great commandment? Final and Fearful De- 
 nunciations against Scribes and Pharisees. Matt. 27, : 1-38, p. 434. 
 Announces His Death and its Effect upon men. John 12 : 23-33. " ^^ 
 it die, it bringeth fruit." " If I be lifted will draw all men unto Me." 
 " Signifying what death He shall die," pp. 439-442. Foretells 
 Destruction of Jerusalem. Matt. 24: 1-36, pp. 445-453. Urges dis- 
 ciples to fidelity and watchfulness. Matt. 24:37-51. Luke 21:34-36, 
 
 P- 453- 
 
 Last Discourse. John, chaps. 14-16, pp. 478-504. Trust in Trou- 
 ble. A place secufed with Him. " The Way, the Truth, and the 
 Life." " What ye ask in My Name, I will do." " Keep My com- 
 mandments." An Abiding Comforter, the Holy Spirit, " with you 
 and in you." " He shall teach you all things." " He shall testify of 
 Me." " Convince the world of sin, of righteousness and of judg- 
 ment." " He will guide you into all truth." " My peace I give unto 
 you." " Because I live, ye shall live also." " I am the Vine, ye the 
 branches." " Abide in Me and I in you. severed from Me ye can do 
 nothing." " I have spoken that your joy might be full." " Love one 
 
46 Miraculous Works. 
 
 another, as I have loved you." " It is expedient that I go away." 
 ■■ In the world ye shall have tribulation, but be of good cheer." (The 
 last heart word to His disciples.) 
 
 The Intercessory Prayer. John 17: 1-26, pp. 505-511. " Keep those 
 Thou hast given Me." "Sanctify them through Thy truth." "That 
 they may be one in Us, that the world may believe." " That they be 
 with Me where I am." 
 
 Answers at His Trial. To Annas. Jolin 18:19-23, p. 522. To 
 Caiaphas and the Sanhedrim. Luke 22:66-68, p. 523. "I am the 
 Christ, the Son of God." To Pilate. John 18: 33-38. " I am a King." 
 
 Words upon the Cross : " Father, forgive them, for they know 
 not what they do." Luke 23:34, p. 540. "Thou shalt be with Me 
 To-day in Paradise." Luke 2^ : 43. p. 543. " Behold thy son. Behold 
 thy mother." John 19: 26, 2^, p. 548. " My God, why hast Thou for- 
 saken Me?" Mark 15:34, p. 549. "It is finished." "Father, into 
 Thy hands I commend my spirit." John 19:30 and Luke 23:46, p. 
 
 547- 
 
 After the Resurrection: His Message to Mary Magdalene. John 
 20: 14-17, p. 563. To the other women. Matt. 28: 10, p. 565. Inter- 
 view with Two Disciples on the Walk to Emmaus. Luke 24:13-32, 
 p. 567. Here we read of a last prolonged Discourse in which He 
 expounded to them from the entire O. T. Scriptures " the things 
 concerning Himself." We here find Christ Himself the first preacher 
 of the Cross, from the words. " Ought not Christ to have suffered 
 these things " (v. 20, condemned and crucified) ? With the Twelve. 
 Luke 24 : 36-43. John 20 : 22-29, PP- 570"574- W'ith Seven, on the 
 Lake Shore. Colloquy with Peter. John 21 : 15-22, pp. 575-580. " Lov- 
 est thou Me? " " Final Conference with the Apostles. Luke 24: 44-49. 
 Acts 1 : 5, 8. Matt. 28: 18-20. " All things must be fulfilled concern- 
 ing Me." " I send the promise of My Father upon you, ye shall be 
 baptized with the Holy Ghost." " Go, teach all nations, to observe 
 all things whatsoever I have commanded you, and lo, I am with you 
 alway." 
 
 Works of Wonder and Blessing. 
 
 General Assertions. John 2:23. Miracles He did. John 3:2; 
 20-30. Acts 2 : 22. Approved of God by mighty works and wonders 
 and signs. Mark 6:2. Matt. 4:23, 24. 
 
 Miracles in Order. Changing water into wine, John 2 : 8-10. X. 79. 
 Heals nobleman's son, John 4:47-54. X. 107. Draught of Fishes 
 (ist), Luke 5:4-10. X. 116. Demoniac, Luke 4:33. X. 117. Peter's 
 
Summaries Touching Life and Work. 47 
 
 wife's mother, and many others healed, Mark 1:29-34. X. 117. 
 Leper. Luke 5:12. X. 121. Paralytic, Luke 5:17-20. X. 124. Im- 
 potent man at Bethesda, John 5:5-9. X. 127. Withered Hand re- 
 stored, Mark 3:1-7. X. 135. Centurion's Servant, Luke 7:1-10. X. 
 171. Widow's Son raised, Luke 7: 11-15. X. 172. Blind and Dumb 
 Demoniac, Matt. 12:22, 23. X. 186. Tempest stilled, Mark 4:36-41. 
 X. 215. Demoniac of Gadara, Mark 5:1-17. X. 218. Woman by 
 Touch of His Garment, Mark 5 : 25-34. X. 227. Jairus's Daughter, 
 Mark 5 : 22-24, 35-43- X. 228. Two Blind, and a Dumb Demoniac, 
 Matt. 9:27-34. X. 229. Five Thousand Fed, Mark 6:39. X. 241. 
 Walks on the Sea, and Sustains Peter on the Water, Mark 6:47-51. 
 Matt. 14 : 24-33. X. 245. Syrophenician Woman's Daughter, Matt. 
 15:21-29. X. 261. One Deaf and Dumb, Mark 7:31-37. X. 263. 
 Multitudes Healed, Matt. 15:29-31. X. 265. Four Thousand Fed, 
 Mark 8:1-10. X. 265. Blind Man at Bethsaida, Mark 8:22-26. X. 
 269. Transfiguration, Luke 9 : 28-35. X- 279. Demon the Nine could 
 not cast out, Mark 9 : 14-27. X. 284. Tribute Money from a Fish, 
 Matt. 17:24-27. X. 287. Ten Lepers, Luke 9:11-19. X. 299. One 
 born Blind, John 9: 1-7. X. 329. Raises Lazarus, John 11:39-44. X. 
 350. Infirm Woman, Luke 13: 10-13. X. 355. Dropsical Man, Luke 
 14: 1-5. X. 361. Blind Bartimeus, Luke 18:35-43. X. 397. Fig-tree 
 Withered, Mark 11: 12-14, 20-26. X. 411. Healing the ear of Mal- 
 chus, Luke 22: 51. X. 518. And the. Crowning Miracle of His Resur- 
 rection. 
 
 For Sequence of Acts and Events, sec Top. An., pp. 59, 60. 
 
 Thoughtful Summaries Bearing upon the Life and Work 
 of Christ. 
 
 Life of our Lord. X. 16-18. Person of Christ. X. 591. Doctrine 
 of Messiah under the Theocracy. X. 592. Christ : Prophet, Priest, 
 and King. X. 594. Christ, the Divine Man. His Doctrine and 
 Character. X. 595. Admissions of Skeptics. X. 599. V. 459. Christ's 
 Doctrine of the Kingdom, the key to His Ministry. X. 607. Christ 
 and His Kingdom in Subsequent Human History. X. 609. The Mir- 
 acles of Christ. X. 615. Christ the Center of Christian Theology. XL 
 787. The Priesthood of Christ. XL 788. Christ the Center and Solu- 
 tion of Human History. XL 792. Resurrection of Christ. VIII. 289. 
 Contrarieties Centered and Harmonized in Christ. VIII. 291. Christ's 
 Character and Sacrifice the only Moving Power with Men. VIII. 288. 
 
48 Atonement. 
 
 III. SELF-SACRIFICIAL ATONEMENT. 
 
 Read XI. 562. H. P. L. Also X. 514, 5. H. 
 
 God has made the Death of Christ the Procuring Cause of 
 Human Salvation. This is the Central and Cardinal Fact of Divine 
 Revelation. Its expression is concentrated in the heralding Baptist's 
 sublime Announcement when, pointing to the approaching Christ, he 
 exclaimed, Behold the Lamb of God, Who taketh away the sin of the 
 World! This Vital Fact comprehensively stated: Lsa. 53: 5, 6, 10, 12. 
 He was wounded for our transgressions. The Lord laid on Him the 
 iniquity of us all. His soul an offering for sin. He poured out His 
 soul unto death. He bare the sin of many, i Pet. 2:24. Who His 
 own self bare our sins in His body upon the tree, that we might live 
 unto righteousness. XI. 656. i Pet. 3:18. Christ suffered for sins 
 once, the righteous for the unrighteous, that He might bring us unto 
 God; being put to death in the flesh, but quickened in the spirit. 
 Phil. 2:8. He humbled Himself, and became obedient unto death, 
 even the death of the cross. XI. 450, 452. Heb. 12:2. Who for the 
 joy set before Him endured the cross. 2 Cor. 5: 21. Him Who knew 
 no sin. He made to be sin on our behalf; that we might become the 
 righteousness of God in Him. XI. 366. 
 
 Meaning of Terms Employed in Old and New Testaments. 
 
 Atonement. (In O. T. exclusively) {Hcb. Kippnrim, Coverings; 
 Kaphar, In Cover. Lev. 23:27, 28. [The idea of atonement is the 
 foundation-thought in all the sacrifices and in all the services, both 
 in the ritual of the altar and of the Holy-place. One day of the year, 
 and that the most sacred of all, the great fact of atonement was 
 presented alone and in the most solemn manner before the minds of 
 the people. /. M. Gibson. II. 414-419. It was in all its services 
 and ceremonies the fullest representation, the most perfect shadow, 
 of the great work of Redemption. G. Bush. II. 414-419.] 
 
 Reconciliation. To Reconcile, Make Reconciliation. Heb. Kaphar; 
 Gr. Katalasso, Katallage, signifying To Cover. Make Atonement; to 
 Change thoroughly; to Appease, Propitiate. Dan. 9:24. To make 
 reconciliation for iniquity and bring in everlasting righteousness. IX. 
 299. Rom. 5: 10, II. Reconciled to God by the death of His Son; 
 through Whom we have now received the (atonement) reconciliation. 
 XI. 218. 2 Cor. 5: 18, 19. Reconciled us to Himself through Christ; 
 
Disclosed in O. T. Type. 49 
 
 God was in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself; not reckoning 
 to them their trespasses. XI. 365, 6. Eph. 2:16. That He might 
 reconcile both unto God. XI. 422. Col. 1:20, 21. Through the blood 
 of the cross by Him to reconcile all things to Himself. You that were 
 enemies by His death hath He reconciled. XI. 470. Heb. 2: 17. Make 
 reconciliation for sins. XI. 562. Heb. 9: 12. Through His own blood 
 entered in once for all into the Holy Place, having obtained eternal 
 redemption. XI. 588. 
 
 Propitiaticn. Gr. Hilasmos, What Appeases, Propitiates. Rom. 
 3:25. A propitiation through faith in His blood. XI. 212, 3. i John. 
 2 : 2. He is the propitiation for our sins. XI. 686. i John 4 : 10. 
 Sent His Son to be the propitiation for our sins. XI. 696. Heb. 2: 17. 
 XI. 562, 570. 
 
 Mercy-Seat. Hch. Kapporcth (Kaphar). Place of Covering. Gr. 
 Hilastcrion. Place of Propitiation or Appeasement. Ex. 25 : 17. Make 
 a mercy-seat of pure gold. (The word Kapporcth or covering used 
 only in the spiritual sense of atonement.) II. 300, i. Heb. 9:5. 
 Cherubim of glory overshadowing the mercy-seat (propitiatory). 
 
 Cross of Christ; Crucified. Gal. 6: 12, 14. Glory save in the cross 
 of our Lord Jesus Christ, etc. XI. 412, 3. Phil. 2: 8. Became obedient 
 unto death, even the death of the cross. XI. 452. Col. i : 20. Peace 
 through the blood of the cross. XL- 470. Heb. 12:2. Endured the 
 cross. XI. 605. I Cor. 2:2. Know nothing save Jesus Christ and 
 Him crucified. XI. 284, 5. 
 
 Atonement as Disclosed in Type through Old Testament 
 
 Sacrifice. 
 
 The only use and justification of Animal Sacrifice, by the Patri- 
 archs from Adam to Jacob, and through the elaborate Sacrificial 
 System of the Ceremonial Law of Sinai, was in the fact that it was 
 a needed method of' symbolizing to the Old Testament generations 
 God's plan of Redemption by substitution of life for life. Nothing 
 else could be devised so simple, clear and impressive, and so suited 
 to man's relation to God and His Laws as a disobedient offender. 
 The ideas plainly presented to the offerer in the typical act of sacrifice 
 and strongly suggested to him by its details were mainly three: i. 
 Substitution of an unoffending animal for the human offender in the 
 matter of suffering for wrong-doing. 2. Nothing less than the life- 
 blood (Read IT. 369, 370. Lev. 17:11. "Blood maketh atonement by 
 
50 Fulfilled in Christ's Sacrifice. 
 
 reason of the life."') of the substituted victim sufficed for the remis- 
 sion of deserved penahy to the human offender. 3. The offerer's act 
 of laying his hand upon the substitute animal in the exercise of faith 
 and with words of penitent confession intimated a transfer of guilt 
 from the offerer to the victim, and on account of such transfer the 
 otTender's reliance for immunity from the penal effects of his own 
 wrong-doing. These ideas substantially convey and exhaust the 
 typical teaching of Old Testament Sacrifice as regards the fact and 
 meaning of Atonement. The full interpretation of that teaching we 
 find, partly in the Psalmists and Prpphets either by inference and 
 suggestion or by distinct prophetic declarations, but chiefly in thei 
 words and sufferings of Christ and their full exposition by the in- 
 spired writers of the Gospels, the Acts, the Epistles and the Revela- 
 tion. 
 
 For a large consideration and explanation of the Old Testament 
 Sacrificial System, see Vol. II. pp. 358-366. Day of Atonement. II. 
 414-419. Further, study 9th and loth chapters of Hebrews, specially 
 9: 12-14, 26, 28 and 10: 10, 12, 14, 19, 20, 29, of which the key thought 
 is found in 9 : 22. All things are cleansed with blood, and apart from 
 shedding of blood (life-blood) there is no remission. XI. 586-593. 
 
 [The sacrifices of Israel were intended and adapted to point on- 
 ward to Him in whose death a real want of mankind was met, in 
 whose death a real sacrifice was offered, in whose death an angry 
 God was not indeed propitiated, but in whose death the loving Father 
 of our souls Himself provided the Lamb for the offering, without 
 which, for reasons deeper than we can wholly fathom, it v.'ere im- 
 possible that sin should be remitted. There is no gospel worth calling 
 so, worth the preaching, worth believing, or that will ever move the 
 world or purify society, except the gospel which begins with the fact 
 of an atonement, and points to the cross as the altar on which the 
 sacrifice for the sins of the world, without whose death pardon is 
 impossible, has died for us all. Alaclorcn.l 
 
 Atonement as Realized and Fulfilled by the Self- 
 Sacrificial Offering of Jesus Christ. 
 
 Distinct Intimations, References, and Declarations of Old 
 Testament. (An Outline for study.) 
 
 First intimated in the primal root-promise of God to Adam. Gen. 
 3:15. II. 188-192. Referred to in covenant promises to Al)rabani. 
 Chiefly Gen. 22:17, 18. In thy seed shall all nations of the earth 
 
Assertions of New Testament. 51 
 
 be blessed. I. 396-399. Explained Gal. 3:7-9, 16, 29. To David. 
 2 Sam. 7: 12-16. III. 387-392. 
 
 Prophetic References and Declarations: Ps. 22:1, 7, 8, 16, 18. 
 IV. 169-175. Isa. 52:13-15; 53:1-12. VIII. 276-293. Dan. 9:24-26. 
 
 IX. 299. 303. Zech. II : 12, 13. IX. 598. Zech. 13: i, 7. IX. 605-608. 
 See II. 340 (last note), 341. XL 586, 587. i Pet. i : 11. The Spirit 
 of Christ in the prophets testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ. 
 XI. 648. 
 
 Plain and Multiform Assertions of the New Testament, 
 under Varied Aspects and Statements, i John 2 : 2. XL 686. 
 
 Our Reconciler v/itli Gcd. For texts see above, p. 48. 
 
 The Propitiatiou for our sins. For texts see above, p. 49. 
 
 Our Efficient, Sufficient and Accepted Sacrifice, i Cor. 5 : 7. Christ 
 our Passover is sacrificed for us. XL 295. Eph. 5 : 2. Christ gave 
 Himself up for us, an offering and a sacrifice to God. XL 436. Heb. 
 9: 12-14, 26. He appeared to put away sin by the sacrifice of Him- 
 self. XL 588. 
 
 Died for us. Gave Himself for us. Rom. 5 : 6. Christ died for the 
 ungodly. XL 217. 2 Cor. 5:14, 15. Died for all. XL 364, 365. i 
 Thes. 5 : 10. Who died for us that we should live with Him. XL 
 495. Heb. 2:9. He should taste death for every man. XL 560. Gal. 
 1 : 4. Who gave Himself for our sins that He might deliver \is. Gal. 
 2:20. Who loved me and^ave Himself up for me. XL 397. Eph. 5: 
 2. Who loved you and gave Himself an offering and a sacrifice to 
 God. Rev. 1 : 5, 6. Loved us and loosed us from our sins in His own 
 blood. 
 
 Died for Our Sins. i Cor. 15:3. Christ died for our sins accord- 
 ing to the Scriptures. XL 331. Isa. 53:4-6. He was wounded for 
 our transgressions.. V. 12. He poured His soul unto death, yet He 
 bare the sin of many. VIII. 281-284, 287. Dan 9:24-26. IX. 299, 
 303. I Pet. 2 : 24. Bare our sins in His own body on the tree. XL 
 656. To take away our sins. John i : 29. The Lamb of God, who 
 taketh away the sin of the world. Heb. 9 : 26. He was manifested to 
 put away sin. i John 2 : 2. He is the propitiation for our sins. XL 
 686. Matt. 26:28. My blood .. shed .. for the remission of sins. 
 
 X. 476. To save us from our sins. Matt, i : 21. He shall save His 
 people from their sins. X. 32. Luke 19:10. Son of Man is come 
 to save the lost, i Tim. i : 15. Christ Jesus came into the world to 
 
52 Christ's Own Testimony. 
 
 save sinners. XI. 507. To cleanse us from sin. Tit. 2:14. Gave 
 Himself for us that He might purify unto Himself a people for His 
 own possession, i John i : 7. The blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth 
 us from all sin. XL 683. Heb. 9: 14. The blood of Christ cleanse 
 your conscience. XI. 588. Heb. 10:10, 14, 29. We are sanctified 
 through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. By 
 one offering He hath perfected them that are sanctified. The blood 
 of the covenant wherewith he was sanctified. XL 592. Rev. i : 5. 
 Unto Him that loved us. and washed us from our sins in His own 
 blood. XL 718. To turn us away from sinning. Acts 3:26. God 
 sent Him to bless you in turning away every one of you from his 
 iniquities. XL 29, 30. To counteract the power of sin in us. Rom. 
 8:2-4. XI- 232-234. Rom. 6:14. XL 225. To redeem us, as our 
 Ransom, from the penal claim of Law. Gal. 3: 13. Christ redeemed 
 us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us, etc. XL 
 399. Eph. 1 : 7. We have redemption through His blood. XL 416. 
 I Tim. 2:6. Who gave Himself a ransom for all. XL 51T. Titus 2: 
 14. Who gave Himself for us that He might redeem us from all 
 iniquity. XL 548. Heb. 9: 12. By His own blood obtained eternal 
 redemption. XL 588. i Pet. i : 18, 19. Redeemed with the precious 
 blood of Christ. XL 650. Rev. 5:9. Thou wast slain and didst pur- 
 chase unto God with Thy blood. XL 741, 742. 
 
 Christ's Testimony to the Meaning and Virtue of His 
 Death. 
 
 Isa. 50: 6-8. I gave My back to the smiters, etc. VIII. 264. John 
 3: 14, 15. Son of Man must be lifted up. X. 90. John 8:28. When 
 ye have lifted up the Son of Man. X. 315. John 12:32-34. If I be 
 lifted up. Signifying what death He should die. X. 442. Mark 10: 
 33. Foretells His crucifixion. X. 394. Matt. 26:2. After two days 
 the Son of Man is betrayed to be crucified. X. 465. Mark 10:45. 
 The Son of Man came to give His life for many. X. 396. John 6: 
 33. Giveth life unto the world. X. 251. John 6:51. My flesh I will 
 give for the life of the world. X. 254. John 10: 11, 15, 17, 18. Good 
 Shepherd giveth life for the sheep. I lay down My life for the 
 sheep. X. 338. 339. Matt. 26:26-28. This is My body, broken for 
 you. This is My blood, shed for you. X. 476, 477. After-Resurrec- 
 tion, comprehensive and conclusive testimony: Luke 24:25. 27. O 
 foolish men, and slow of heart to believe in all that the Prophet"^ 
 have spoken ! Behoved it not the Christ to suffer these things, and 
 to enter into His glory? And beginning from Moses and from all the 
 Prophets, He interpreted unto them in all the Scriptures the things 
 
Atonement and the Law. 53 
 
 concerning Himself. X. 568, 569. Luke 24:44-47. All things must 
 needs be fulfilled which are written in the Law of Moses, and the 
 Prophets, and the Psalms, concerning Me. And He said, Thus it is 
 written, that the Christ should suffer, and rise again from the dead 
 the third day, and that remission of sins should be preached in Hi? 
 name. X. 582. 
 
 In these plain words explicitly and unqualifiedly does Christ, the 
 central and supreme theme of all Old Testament disclosure, affirm 
 His Atoning Death to be the one fact that gives vital significance, 
 substance and value to the entire body of the then Inspired and 
 Written Scriptures. An echo of these final utterances we read in the 
 words of Peter, Acts 3: 18, and of Paul, Acts 17:3 and 26:22. In 
 preaching "Christ Jesus and Him Crucified" as his epitome of the 
 Gospel, Paul only followed the Master's preaching through all His 
 ministry, after His resurrection, and in His departing charge. 
 
 [To preach Christ crucified as a marvelous " governmental ex- 
 pedient," or a mighty " moral influence," or a matchless " vicarious 
 sacrifice," would be to preach the truth of the Atonement indeed, but 
 not all the truth. To set forth that marvel and miracle of grace in 
 its Scriptural fullness is to put into the doctrine of the Atonement 
 expiation for sin. The world is full of vicarious sacrifice, but there 
 never was but one exhibition of it that affected sin, and made it pos- 
 sible for God to forgive the sinner: The absolutely unique and tran- 
 scendent thing in Christ's sacrifice is this, that it is expiatory. And 
 to preach the doctrine of the Atonement with this left out is -to preach 
 the doctrine with its heart left out. Herrick Johnson.'] 
 
 Atonement, Agreed upon and Determined in the Counsels 
 of Eternity. Rev. 13 : 8. The Lamb slain from the foundation of 
 the world, i Pet. i : 20. Who was foreordained before the foundation 
 of the world. XI. 650. Heb. 10: 7, 9. I come to do Thy will, O God. 
 XI. 592. Acts 2:23. Him, being delivered up by the determinate 
 counsel and foreknowledge of God, ye did crucify and slay. XI. 21. 
 
 Relation of the Atonement to the Law and Government of 
 
 God. That the Death of Christ has to do directly with Sin and what 
 it achieves in behalf of the Sinner has been made manifest. But the 
 Atonement has also a vital Relation to the Law of which Sin is the 
 transgression, and to the Md'-al Government of God into which Sin in- 
 troduces the elements of discord, disorder, anarchy, utter subversion 
 and extinction. The Law must be vindicated in connection with the 
 
54 Atonement as Related to 
 
 pardon of its transgression. The Justice which demands penalty of 
 the transgressor must be satisfied before he can be forgiven and 
 released from its claim. The Just God must Himself be justified in 
 remitting the punishment pronounced by that Law which is the verv 
 basis of His Throne and the security of the Moral Universe over 
 which He reigns. 
 
 The high place and the close relation of Atonement and Law in 
 the Divine Redemptive System are intimated with force and beauty 
 in the near connection of the Mercy-Seat, or Propitiatory, and the 
 Tables of the Law, one being the cover, and the other the enclosed 
 content of the Ark, in the Inner Sanctuary or Holy of Holies; and 
 both immediately beneath the Shckinah, or V^isiblc Emblem of Jeho- 
 vah's presence. Together they concentrate the ultimate and highest 
 significance of the Sanctuary and its service, as together they dis- 
 close the only conditions of restored Divine Fellowship with His 
 people. And in this unquestionable interpretation of these Sacred 
 Symbols, placed apart and alone in the hallowed Presence-Chamber 
 of Jehovah, in Tabernacle and Temple, wc discern the intimate and 
 essential relation as well as the supreme place of Atonement and Law 
 in God's transactions with sinful men. Read Vol. H. 299-301. This 
 Relation explicitly twice afiirmed in the Old Testament. Tsa. 45:21, 
 22. No God beside me; a just God and a Saviour. VHL 239, 240. 
 Zech. 9:9. Thy King cometh. He is just and having salvation. 
 
 The main Scriptures which shozv the relation of the Death of 
 Christ to the Lazv: Gal. 3: 10-13. Christ redeemed us from the curse 
 of the law, having become a curse for us, etc. XL 309. Gal. 3 : 24. 
 The law hath been our tutor to bring us to Christ. XL 409. Gal. 4 : 
 4, 5. God sent forth His Son, born of a woman, born imder the law, 
 that He might redeem them which were under the law. Rom. 3 : 30- 
 26. Being justified freely by His grace through the redemption that 
 is in Christ Jesus; whom God set forth to be a propitiation, through 
 faith, by His blood, to show His righteousness because of the passing 
 over of sins, . . . that He might Himself be just, and the justi- 
 ficr of him that hath faith in Jesus. XL 207-209. Rom. 4:5, 22-25. 
 Who was delivered for our trespasses, and was raised for our justifi- 
 cation. XL 213, 214. Rom. 8: 1-4. There is therefore now no con- 
 demnation to them that are in Christ Jesus. For what the law could 
 not do, God, sending His own Son as an offering for sin. condemned 
 sin in the flesh, that the ordinance of the law might be fulfilled in us 
 who walk after the Si)irit. XL 232-234. 
 
 Of the many questions which have been largely theorized upon 
 in this connection, only one, with a twofold bearing, seems to have 
 
Divine Law and Government. 55 
 
 distmct notice in the Scriptures. It is that which respects the fitness 
 of Christ to intervene as a representative on the sinner's behalf, in- 
 volving the sufficiency of His intervention as a vindication of the 
 honor and supremacy of the Divine Lazv. Four passages refer to this 
 question: Phil. 2:6-11, Heb. 1:1-4. Rev. 22:16, and, most fully, 
 Col. I : 13-20. Verses 13, 14 speak of the Redemptive deliverance 
 achieved by Christ, and v. 20 affirms that it pleased the Father through 
 Christ "to reconcile all things (things summed up in vs. 16-18) unto 
 Himself, having made peace through the blood of His cross; through 
 Him, whether things upon earth or things in heaven" (including the 
 universal moral empire of God). The intermediate verses, 15-19, 
 contain a magnificent outline presentation of the exalted Nature and 
 Dignity of* Christ as the Eternal Word in whom all Divine fulness 
 dwells, the Creator, Sustainer and Moral Ruler of all spiritual beings, 
 and the Head of the Church, or the Purified Human Race. Assuredly 
 the Apostle seems, in this connection of thought, to imply that in 
 Christ, as the Root and Source of all created spirits and as the Head 
 of the vast fellozvship of Redeemed man, as well as the Moral Gov- 
 ernor, the Upholder and Administrator of Law, there is revealed an 
 essential fitness, an adequate reason, and a sufficient right for His 
 beneficent and gracious intervention, through His own marvelous 
 Self -Sacrifice. Here we read at least a worthy interpretation of the 
 golden words : " that God might be just and yet the justifier of him 
 that believeth in Jesus." In conclusion, we may be grateful and 
 satisfied that the Truth of the Atonement stands as a Fact, clear, un- 
 movable and supreme among the stupendous verities of Divine Dis- 
 closure, and that it is indissolubly interwoven with them all. 
 
 [Two great facts stand out clearly in the .Scriptural statements 
 covering the death of Christ. The first is that He died for us, in our 
 place as covering us, and so receiving in His own person the penalty 
 of the violated law of God. He is our substitute, not by exchange 
 of place, but by covering. He occupies His own place, which place 
 covers also our own. The second outstanding fact is that He who 
 dies for us is none "other than the instrumental cause of our being. 
 The crucified is none other than He by whom the worlds were made,, 
 and in whom all things are headed up. Not Adam, but Christ, is the 
 Root of the race. The agent of God in creation is the agent of God 
 in redemption. The two facts are placed side by side, as inseparably 
 blended in the mysterious personality of Jesus. He is the representa- 
 tive and substitute of man in atoning action ; and He is the creative 
 source of our being. By necessary implication, the representative 
 function is rooted in the creative relation ; unless both can be traced 
 
■56 Christ's Atoning Act. 
 
 to something deeper, which cannot be done. For creation is primary. 
 There can be nothing prior to that, either logically or chronologically. 
 The Pauline view, therefore, shared equally by John and Peter, com- 
 pels the grounding of our Lord's representative relation in redemption 
 upon His creative relation. He who dies in the place of all is, in 
 the core of His personality, the creative root of all in whose behalf' 
 He acts. There is no imputation of guilt. There is no transfer of 
 penalty. There is no substitution of one form of punishment for 
 another. Christ, in the agony of conscious abandonment by the 
 Father, endures and exhausts that death, which is the proper penalty 
 of the violated law ; and He endures it as covering our place. That 
 place He can assume because the creative relation which He sustains 
 to sinners, qualifies Him to act as their representative and substitute. 
 It has often been said that Christ must be man to represent man, and 
 that He must be God to represent God. But the more Scriptural 
 statement is, that Christ must be God as well as man in order to repre- 
 sent man. God needs no representative. Man does. And Christ, as 
 God-Man, as the Eternal Word become Flesh, died for sinners, was 
 their representative and substitute under the Law. Bchrcncis.] See 
 XL 562. H. P. L. and H. B. S. 
 
 [It is not any sense of a commercial transaction, there completed, 
 which gives to the cross its tender and sublime appeal to the world. 
 It is not when viewed in legal or forensic relations, important as these 
 are, that it most deeply stirs the heart. It is in the revelation which 
 it makes, unique, supreme, for all the world, for all the ages, of the 
 heavenly conception of the guiltiness of sin, and of its immeasurable 
 sequences of evil ; of the immaculate purity of God, and of the self- 
 surrendering love which would give up even thrones and glories to 
 save the lost. When this is seen, the worlds above are interpreted to 
 us, in what in them is v<n<:f transcendent. When this is seen, an ap- 
 propriate response in us is inspired, the mission of Christ for us is 
 answered and a light flows back on all that had wonderfully gone be- 
 fore — to the advent itself, to the prophecies which had foretold His 
 coming. R. S. Storrs.'] 
 
Justification. 5 7 
 
 IV. JUSTIFICATION. 
 
 Meaning of the Words, Justify, Justification. [In Paul's 
 usage, the word "justify" denotes a forensic act, the making of a 
 declaration, the pronouncing of a judgment, rather than a moral 
 process of making just through an infusion of righteousness. Stev- 
 ens, "Pauline Theology." The verb "justify" means properly to 
 pronounce righteous. It has relation to a verdict pronounced by a 
 judge. In so far as the person " pronounced righteous " is not 
 really righteous it has the sense of " amnesty " or " forgiveness." 
 But it cannot mean to make righteous. There may be other influ- 
 ences which go to make a person righteous, but they are not con- 
 tained, or even hinted at, in the word " justify." That word means 
 " to declare righteous," " to treat as righteous " ; it may even mean 
 " to prove righteous " ; but whether the person so declared, treated 
 as, or proved to be righteous is really so, the word itself neither 
 affirms nor denies. . . . The facts of language are inexorable; 
 the words "justify," " to be justified," are rightly said to be forensic; 
 they have reference to a judicial verdict, and to nothing beyond. 
 William Sanday, " Com. on Romans."'\ 
 
 Justification and Law. 
 
 As a forensic term. Justification has direct relation to Haw, and 
 implies that in some way satisfaction has been made to a broken and 
 therefore condemning Law. 
 
 [In the doctrine of justification, the gospel is most radically dis- 
 tinguished from a merely^ legal system, and from any moral system 
 which rests on merely legal ideas. These make personal obedience, 
 conformity to law, to be the only ground of acceptance. In justifica- 
 tion, acceptance is on the ground of what Christ has done, of His 
 merits — of what another has done for us in our stead. The ends of 
 the law are so far satisfied by what Christ has done, that the sinner 
 can be pardoned. The law is not merely set aside, but its great ends 
 are answered by what Christ has done in our behalf. An internal 
 change is always a sine qua non of justification, but not its meritorious 
 ground. Justification is a finished, work ; sanctification is a gradual 
 work. In justification, sins are pardoned; in sanctification, they are 
 subdued. Justification is from guilt; sanctification is from defilement. 
 //. B. Smith.'] Read XI. 582. 
 
eg Justification. 
 
 No Self- Justification by the Subjects of Law, through 
 Deeds required by the Law. 
 
 Job 9:2. Can man be just with God? VI. 59. Job 25:4-6. VI. 
 140. Ps. 143:2. In Thy sight no man living is justified. V. 462. 
 Rom. 3: 20, 23. By the works of the law shall no flesh be justified in 
 His sight; for through the law cometh the knowledge of sin. For 
 all have sinned, and fall short of the glory of God. XI. 209. Gal. 3 : 
 10-12. As many as are of the works of the law are under a curse; 
 for it is written, Cursed is every one which continueth not in all 
 things that are written in the l)ook of the law, to do them. Now 
 that no man is justified by the law in the sight of God, is evident; for. 
 The righteous shall live by faith ; and the law is not of faith ; but. He 
 that doeth them shall live in them. XI. 399. 
 
 God the Sole, Adequate Justifier. Rom. 8: 34. It is God that 
 justifieth; who is he that .<hall condemn? Rom. 3: 26. That He might 
 Himself be just, and the Justifier of him that hath faith in Jesus. 
 
 Justification an Act of Grace. Rom. 3:24. Being justified 
 freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ Jesus. 
 Rom. 5:20, 21. The law came in beside, that the trespass might 
 abound; but where sin abounded, grace did abound more exceedingly; 
 that, as sin reigned in death, even so might grace reign through 
 righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. 
 
 Justification is absolute and free. It is simply an act of grace 
 which rescues us at once and forever from all the penalties of law, 
 and ensures the Divine mercy through all the changes of our ever- 
 lasting being. Less than this would not be an adequate expression 
 of Infinite Love, nor an adequate exponent of the value of Christ's 
 sacrifice. 
 
 Ground of Justification Twofold. 
 
 I. Essential and Meritorious. 2. Conditional and with- 
 out Merit. Like the other Related Truths touching Man's Salva- 
 tion, Justification has a Divine and a Human Side. 
 
 I. The Essential and Meritorious Ground of Justification. 
 Its Divine Side. 
 
 This is the Self-Sacrificial, Atoning Act of Christ in man's behalf, in- 
 cluding His Death and His Resurrection. Isa. 45: 21, 24. 25. A just God 
 and a Saviour. Only in the Lord is righteousness and strength. In 
 
Justification. 59 
 
 the Lord shall all the seed of Israel be justified and shall glory. V^III. 
 239-241. Jer. 23:6. The Lord our Righteousness. VIIL 505. Isa. 
 53:11. My righteous servant shall justify many. VIIL 297. 
 
 Rom. 3 : 24, 25. Being justified freely through the redemption 
 that is in Christ Jesus. Whom God set forth to be a propitiation, 
 through faith, by His blood, to show His righteousness, because of 
 the passing over of the sins done aforetime. XL 209. Rom. 5 : 9. 
 Justified by His blood. Acts 13 : 39. By Him every one that believeth 
 is justified from all things. XL 97. 2 Cor. 5:21. Him who knew 
 no sin He made to be sin on our behalf, that we might become the 
 righteousness of God in Him. XL 366. Gal. 3:11, 13. Christ re- 
 deemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us, 
 as it is written, etc. XL 399. Rom. 5: 16-21. XL 215. i Cor. 6:11. 
 Justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 [Paul's thought of God's nature is that the love of God in effect- 
 ing man's salvation and in remitting punishment for sin must affirm 
 and maintain its inviolable holiness. This is done by affording in 
 the work of Christ a substitute for punishment, which at the same 
 time meets the ends of punishment. Thus the work of Divine love 
 which God wrought in Christ meets at once the ends of the Divine 
 mercy and of the Divine righteousness, not because Christ ac- 
 complishes a reconciliation of them as if they had been until then in 
 antagonism, but because since they are in eternal harmony the Divine 
 love could choose and pursue a mode of salvation which should ade- 
 quately reveal, vindicate, and satisfy both. God is both just and 
 Justifier, with no suggestion of contradiction or inconsistency, be- 
 cause His eternally harmonious moral attributes are alike operative, 
 and in their operation alike satisfied in the saving work of Christ. 
 Stevcns-I 
 
 Christ's Resurrection also related to Justification. Rom. 4 : 
 25. Raised for our justification. XL 213. Rom. 5: 10, 11. If recon- 
 ciled by His death, much more, saved by His life. XL 217. Rom. 5: 
 17. They that receive the gift of righteousness shall reign in life 
 through Jesus Christ. XL 221. Titus 3:7. Being justified we might 
 be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life. See Top. An., 
 p. 451. Stevens. 
 
 2. Conditional Ground of Justification. Its Human Side. 
 
 This is Faith in the Lord Jesus Christ; that is, Personal Trust in 
 a Personal God, in the God-Man as a Redeemer and Saviour, an Eternal 
 
6o Justification, 
 
 Deliverer from the Consequences and from the Power of Sin, together with 
 an Assured Conviction of the Sufficiency of His Self-Sacrifice, and Con- 
 fident Reliance upon His Redeeming Work for us and in us. 
 
 This Faith " is an acceptance, a renunciation of claim, a confes- 
 sion of unworthiness, an act of homage to God's grace. It is without 
 merit, but not without excellence. It is the very opposite to a meri- 
 torious claim upon God's mercy; but there is an ethical excellence 
 in the renunciation of such claim because it is the essence of the 
 obedient and teachable spirit." 
 
 In the Old Testament we find the statement. Ps. 143:2. In 
 Thy sight no man living is justified (or righteous). And in the Book 
 of Job, the question is twice asked, once by Job himself (chap. 9:2). 
 and again by Bildad (jchap. 25:4), How can man be just with God? 
 \T. 59. 60, 140. And in one of the later Prophets we find the answer 
 in indirect form. The trusting, spiritually-minded, far-seeing and 
 exultant believer. Habakkuk. " standing in his watch upon the tower," 
 where God had set him, looking and listening for the vision and voice 
 of Jehovah, is bidden to record the vision and the utterance as vouch- 
 safed, "that lie may run that readeth it." And the central truth of 
 his message for the time and the generations to come is this: 
 
 The just shall live by his faith. IX. 509-512. Twice does Paul 
 cite and interjiret more fully these words of the Prophet. Roin. i-: 17. 
 For therein (in the Gosn^^F* is revealed a righteousness of God by 
 faith unto faith ; as it is written. The righteous shall live by faith. 
 XI. 201. Gal. 3: II. 12. Xow that no man is justified by the law in 
 the sight of God, is evident; for. The righteous shall live by faith; 
 and the law is not of faith ; but. He that doeth them shall live by 
 them. XI. 399. A third time the Prophet is cited and his vision re- 
 ferred to: by the writer to the Hebrews (loth chap., 37th and 38th 
 verses) : For yet a verv little while. He that cometh .shall come, and 
 shall not tarry. But the (my) righteous one shall live by faith. 
 
 The N^ew Testament Epistles abound in texts and whole passages, 
 both affirming and implying the exercise of Faith to be an essential 
 condition of the Divine act of Justification. Rom. 3:22. The right- 
 eousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ unto all them that 
 believe. V. 25. Justified freely by His grace through the redemption 
 that is in Christ Jesus, ... a propitiation, through faith, by His 
 blood. Rom. 4:3, 5. Abraham believed God. and it was reckoned 
 unto him for righteousness. To him that worketh not, but bclieveth 
 on Him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteous- 
 ness. Rom. 10:4. For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness 
 
Justification. 6r 
 
 to every one that believeth. Gal. 2: 16. We believed on Christ Jesus, 
 that we might be justified by faith in Christ. Phil. 3: 9. Not having 
 a righteousness of mine own, even that which is of the law, but that 
 which is through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God 
 by faith. 2 Pet. 1:1: Like precious faith with us in the righteousness 
 of our God and Saviour Jesus Christ. Righteousness defined. Top. 
 An., p. 120. 
 
 Effects of Justification by Faith. 
 
 A series of uplifting, sustaining and satisfying spiritual experiences. 
 Rom. 5: 1-5, 9, II. Being, therefore, justified by faith, we have peace 
 with God through our Lord Jesus Christ; through whom also we have 
 had our access by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice 
 in hope of the glory of God. We glory in tribulations also ; knowing 
 that tribulation worketh patience; and patience, probation; and proba- 
 tion, hope; and hope putteth not to shame; because the love of God 
 hath been shed abroad in our hearts through the Holy Ghost which 
 was given unto us. Being justified by His blood, we shall be saved 
 from the wrath of God through Him. And not only so, but we also 
 rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ. XL 214-218. Rom. 8: 
 30, 34, 38, 39. Whom He justified, them He also glorified. It is God 
 that justifieth ; who is he that shall condemn? It is Christ Jesus that 
 died, yea rather, that was raised from the dead, who is at the right 
 hand of God, who also maketh intercession for us. For I am per- 
 suaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor 
 things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any 
 other creature, shall be aWe to separate us from the love of God, 
 which is in Christ Jesus. XL 240-243. i Cor. 13: 13. Now abidetK 
 faith, hope, love, these three. XL 327. i Pet. i : 7, 8. That the trial 
 of your faith might be found unto praise and honor and glory at the 
 appearing of Jesus Christ ; in whom believing, ye rejoice with joy 
 unspeakable and full of glory; receiving the end of your faith, even 
 the salvation of your souls. XL 647. 
 
 Evidence or Proof of Actual Justification found in the Life 
 and Works of Faith. The Scriptural support of this truth is 
 abundantly found in the Epistle to the Hebrews, and in the Epistle 
 of James, with many direct and inferential statements of Paul, Peter 
 and John. The Eleventh Chapter of Hebrews records, in briefest 
 form, the deeds of many signal exemplars of the fact, the force and 
 the marvelous effects of a justifying faith. And the record proves 
 the faith by the deeds and suffering endurances of the life. Abel 
 
^2 Justification. 
 
 "offered an excellent and acceptable sacrifice." Enoch's life "had 
 been well-pleasing unto God," and his exalted faith and faithful life 
 (Jude 14, 15) was rewarded with translation. Noah builded the Ark, 
 in believing obedience to the Divine command, and so " became heir 
 of the righteousness which is by faith." Abraham, at the same com- 
 mand, " went out, not knowing whither he went," " became a so' 
 journer in the land of promise, not his own; for he looked for the 
 City which hath the foundations, whose builder and maker is God." 
 His faith was tried and proved when he " offered up Isaac." And 
 so we may follow on through the wonderful, most suggestive and 
 impressive record, including Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Rahab, 
 Gideon, Barah, " David also and Samuel, and the Prophets, who 
 through faith subdued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained 
 promises, from weakness were made strong." "And these all had 
 zvifiicss home to them through their faith," the witness or evidence 
 of their sublime life-deeds and sufferings to the vital energy of their 
 faith. 
 
 James 2: 17, 22, 23. Faith, if it hath not works, is dead in itself. 
 Faith wrought with his (Abraham's) works, and by works v/as faith 
 made perfect ; and the Scripture was fulfilled which saith, Abraham 
 "believed God, and it was reckoned to him for righteousness. XI. 627, 
 630. 631. 
 
 Paul alone treats this theme radically and exhaustively, in Ro- 
 mans, chap. 3: 20-31, and the entire Fourth and Fifth Chapters. With 
 the outline presented here and on the pages that treat of Faith, its 
 study ought to be relieved of difficulty, and this great and most pre- 
 cious truth understood, appreciated and gratefully rejoiced in by every 
 right-hearted Christian believer. This theme mastered may well be 
 followed by the Sixth of Romans, of which the essential truth is 
 sanctification. This again, by the Seventh Chapter, of which the 
 practical teaching concerns the great soul conflict carried on through 
 the life in the flesh. The chapter is replete with encouragement and 
 help, because it discloses the fact of inward conflict, the impotence of 
 our own unaided effort in struggle, and the assurance of needed and 
 al)unflantly promised Divine aid, to give us repeated victories and 
 final triumph. This triumph comprises the core and substance of 
 the Apostle's exalted and inspiring utterances in the Eighth Chapter. 
 
Adoption. 63 
 
 V. ADOPTION. 
 
 Admission, by gracious Reinstatement, to full rights and privi- 
 leges of Childship and Home Fellowship with God. 
 
 Relation to the Law and to Faith. 
 
 Adoption, or Restored Filial Relations with God, is an essential 
 sequence, a vital and inexpressibly precious result of Justification ; 
 and it has a precisely similar relation to the Law. Both the precedent 
 gracious act of pronouncing free from guilt and condemnation, and 
 the subseqlient gracious act of re-admission to childship with God, 
 are prompted by and flow from Christ's redeeming Self-Offering. 
 And both are conditioned upon the exercise of faith in and penitent 
 glad acceptance of Christ. One affects the place or standing of the 
 believer; the other his personal condition and inmost experiences. 
 One sets the believer in a position of accepted standing before the 
 Law and of Divine approval. The other bestows the result of that 
 standing and approval, a reinstatement of the justified spirit into all 
 the rights and privileges of a child in the heart and household of 
 God. In thus interpreting the relation between Law and Adoption, 
 we simply give a full exposition to two passages, which elsewhere 
 find ample support and confirmation : Gal. 3 : 26 and 4:4, 5. God sent 
 forth His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, that He might 
 redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adop- 
 tion of sons. For ye are. all the children of God by faith in Christ 
 Jesus. John i : 12. As many as received Him, to them gave He the 
 right to become children of God, even to them that believe on His 
 name. X. 62. 
 
 By the Witness and Leading of the Holy Spirit. Rom. 8: 
 14-16. As many as are led by the Spirit of God, are the sons of God. 
 Ye have received the Spirit of adoption, whereby we cry, Abba, 
 Father. The Spirit beareth witness with our spirit that we are the 
 children of God. XL 236. Gal. 4:4-7. God sent forth His Son, that 
 we might receive the adoption of sons. And because sons, God sent 
 forth the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, Abba, Father. XL 
 402, 3. I John 3: i, 2. Now are we the sons of God. XL 690. Eph. 
 I : 5. The adoption of children by Jesus Christ. Gal. 3 : 26. Ye are 
 the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. XL 400. i Pet. i : 14. 
 Obedient children. XL 649. Eph. 5 : i. Beloved children. XL 435. 
 
64 Adoption. 
 
 Rom. 9:26. Called children of the living God. Eph. 2:19. Of the 
 household of God. Heb. 12: 7. God dealeth with you as with sons. 
 
 Lost childship still recognized by God. Prov. 23 : 26. My 
 
 son, give Me thy heart. \'I. T)'^^,. Luke 15: 20-24. His father saw him, 
 and had compassion, and ran and fell on his neck and kissed him. 
 . . . This my son was dead, and is alive again. X. 370. With many 
 teachings regarding the process and results of genuine conversion, the 
 Parable mainly emphasizes God's yearning over His lost child anrl 
 His delight in regaining the child's affection and fellowship. 
 
 Childship ensures heirship with Christ. Rom. 8 : 17. H children then 
 heirs with Christ. 
 
 [To the grace of pardon, and the grace of renewal, succeeds the 
 grace of adoption in the order of the blessings of His covenant; 
 whereby God is pleased to stand to redeemed sinners in the relation 
 of a Father. Goodc. Adoption includes the pardon of sin and the 
 acceptance of our persons before God, which are the constituents of 
 justification. It includes the new birth through the quickening power 
 of the Holy Spirit, which is regeneration. It includes the advance in 
 holiness toward " the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ." 
 which is sanctification. And finally, it involves the saint's translation 
 to heaven, to take possession of the child's inheritance, which is glori- 
 fication. All therefore that the word salvation implies is potentially 
 included in the idea of Adoption ; and is in every particular wrought 
 out when that idea comes to be realized in its final results. /?. .1/. 
 Palmer. 
 
 There is no inheritance without sonship. there is no sonship with- 
 out spiritual birth, there is no spiritual birth without Christ, and there- 
 is no Christ for us without faith. Maclarcn. It is God's good 
 pleasure to give to those who were strangers to His family and rebels 
 to His crown, a joint heirship with His only Son. Every person in 
 the Holy Trinity shows His love to the child of God. The Father 
 adopts; the Son dies to purchase our right; the Holy Spirit witnesses 
 that we are children of God ! Thos. Manton.J 
 
Christ One with tne r>eiiever. 65 
 
 VI. INDWELLING AND ONENESS WITH THE 
 BELIEVER. 
 
 The sublimest conceptions presented to human thought respect: 
 I. The Being, Character and Moral Working of the Self-existent, 
 Self-Sufficient God; 2. The immortal nature and destiny of created 
 Man ; and 3. The Relation of God and Man in this world and the 
 world to come. In the Bible, our only source of knowledge of these 
 high themes, enough is revealed in the simple form of fact for all our 
 spiritual needs. Especially, patent upon all its pages, lies the supreme 
 fact of a gracious Redemption for enslaved and sinful man, provided 
 and proffered through the voluntary self-sacrifice of an Incarnate 
 God. And equally patent and radiant throughout these pages we 
 read the glad fact that with every penitent and believing soul who 
 humbly and obediently accepts the proffered grace of Christ there is 
 established by the Divine Love a new, abiding and transforming rela- 
 tion with God in Christ. The fruit of this established relation in 
 the soul's experience appears in its increasing likeness in character, 
 its growing oneness with Christ in thought, desire, sympathy, aim 
 and affection. This relation of close dependence and fellowship is 
 indeed vital to us, since it takes hold upon every fiber of our spiritual 
 being, directs and governs our present life, molds and matures our 
 character for an ultimate perfected likeness to and an open fellowsliip 
 with God. Isa. 57: 15. I dwell with him that is of an humble and 
 contrite spirit. VIII. 323, ^24. 2 Pet. i : 4. Partakers of the Divine 
 nature. XL 671. Read XI. 679. 
 
 The Relation of Christ to the Believer disclosed in 
 His entire Office-Work as Redeemer. 
 
 The corresponding Relation of the Believer to Christ is equally 
 shown in the responsive feeling and action demanded of the believer 
 — that is, the required response of faith, repentance, surrender, obedi- 
 ence, love and consecration by the believer. And this is strongly 
 confirmed by the actual effects wrought within the true believer's soul 
 as the result of this penitent trust and self-devotion. 
 
 The Relation of Christ and the Believer is illustrated 
 
 by several Figures, indicating various degrees of organic or vital 
 connection. 
 
 5 
 
66 Christ and Believer One. 
 
 1. Building and Living Stones; Temple of God. i Pet. 2: 
 4, 5. Unto Whom coming, a Living Stone, ye also, as living stones, 
 are built up a spiritual house. XI. 653. Eph. 3 : 20-22. Built upon the 
 foundation, . . . Jesus Christ being the chief corner-stone; in 
 whom ye are I)uilde(l together for an habitation of God. XI. 423, 424. 
 I Cor. 3:9. Ye are God's building. XI. 289. i Cor. 3: 16. Ye are the" 
 temple of God. XI. 290. 
 
 2. Head and Members, of Body or Church, i Cor. 12: 12, 
 2^. Ye arc the l)ody of Christ, and severally members thereof. XI. 
 322. Eph. 4: 16. XI. 430. Rom. 12:5. We are one body in Christ, 
 and severally members one of another, i Cor. 10: 17. XI. 311. Col. 
 1 : 18, 24. Head of the body, the church. XI. 470. Col. 2 : 19. The 
 Head, from whom all the body, being supplied and knit together, in- 
 creaseth with the increase of God. 
 
 3. Marriage Relation. Isa. 62:5. As the bridegroom rejoiceth 
 over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee. VIII. 360. Jer. 3: 
 14. VIII. 411. Eph. 5:22-33. XI. 439, 440. 2 Cor. 11:2. Rev. 21: 
 2, 9. As a bride adorned for her husband. The bride, the Lamb's 
 wife. XI. y-j-j. i Cor. 6, 17. He that is joined to the Lord is one 
 spirit. 
 
 4. Shepherd and Flock. Ps. 23: 1-4. The Lord my Shepherd. 
 IV. 179-186. Isa. 40:11. He shall feed His flock like a shepherd. 
 VIII. 209. Ezek. 34: 12-16, 23. Behold, I Myself, even I, will search 
 for My sheep, and Avill seek them out. He shall feed them and be 
 their Shepherd. IX. 149. 150. Luke 12:32. Fear not, little flock. X. 
 197, 198. John 10: 14, 15. 16. I am the good Shepherd, and I know 
 Mine own. and Mine own know Me. And they shall become one flock. 
 one Shepherd. X. 337-339. Heb. 13:20. Our Lord Jesus the great 
 Shepherd of the sheep, i Pet. 2:25. Ye are now returned unto the 
 Shepherd and Bishop of your souls. 
 
 These Figures, replete as they are with profound and uplifting 
 exposition of the vital theme under consideration, find their fullest 
 emphasis and our precious theme its deepest, most expressive and 
 impressive interpretation in 
 
 Our Lord's Marvelous Words in His Last Discourse. 
 
 Figure of the Vine and its Branches. John 15: i-ii. Abide 
 in Me, and I in you. T am the Vine, ye are the branches. He that 
 abideth in Me, and 1 in liim, the same beareth much fruit; for apart 
 
Christ in the BeHever. 67 
 
 (severed) from Me ye can do nothing. If ye abide in Me, and My 
 words abide in you, ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be done unto 
 you. Even as the Father hath loved Me, I also have loved you; abide 
 ye in My love. If ye keep My commandments, ye shall abide in My 
 love. These things have I spoken unto you, that My joy may be in 
 you. X. 489-491. John 14:20, 23. Ye shall know that I am in My 
 Father, and ye in Me, and I in you. My Father will love him, and 
 We will come unto him, and make Our abode with him. X. 485. 
 
 These are wonder-words, fraught with a depth, breadth and in- 
 tensity of meaning that may well surcharge the heart of every thought- 
 ful, fervent, responsive believer with immeasurable thankfulness and 
 joy. Clearjy and unqualifiedly Christ declares that He comes into 
 the believer's life and takes the believer into His life, and this abid- 
 ingly, both here and in the eternal hereafter. He affirms that He will 
 establish between Himself and the believer an indissoluble union or 
 oneness of spiritual life. This union consists, not in an organic blend- 
 ing of the two natures. Divine and human, but in such an identity 
 and mutual responsiveness of thought, desire, affection and aim touch- 
 ing God and godlike living as constitute a real oneness of the Divine 
 and human spirit. This is the cardinal fact, the blessed truth that 
 underlies and vitalizes all other facts and truths of die believer's 
 spiritual experience. 
 
 For a deeper emphasis and larger interpretation of this sublime 
 and precious theme, we cite 
 
 Abundant Confirmatory Scriptures under Significant 
 Heads. 
 
 Christ in You. John 6: 56. I in him. X. 255. John 17: 23, 26. 
 I in them. X. 510, 511. 2 Cor. 13: 5. Jesus Christ is in you. XI. 388. 
 Gal. 1:27. To reveal His Son in me. XL 393. Gal. 4:19. Christ 
 formed in you. Gal. 2 : 20. Christ liveth in me. XI. 396. Eph. 3 : 17. 
 That Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. XL 425. Col. i : 
 27. Christ in you the hope of glory. XL 471. i John 3: 24. We know- 
 that He abideth in us, by the spirit which He gave us. XL 694. [To 
 those in whom He dwells. Christ is made of God, zvisdom, to cure 
 their ignorance and folly; righteousness, to abolish their guilt; sancti- 
 fication, to renew their natures; and redemption, to free them at last 
 from the grave, and bring them to glory. Bates.l 
 
 In Christ. 
 
 John 6:56. Dwelleth in Me. X. 255. Rom. 8: l. No condemna- 
 tion to them that are in Christ Jesus. XL 232. i Cor. 15:22. In 
 
68 Believer— In Christ; With Christ. 
 
 Christ made alive. XL 334. i Cor. i : 30. Of Him are ye in Christ 
 Jesus. XI. 283. 2 Cor. i : 21. StabHsheth us in Christ. XI. 350. 2 Cor. 
 2: 14. Triumph in Christ. XI. 351. 2 Cor. 5: 17. 21. In Christ a ne\^ 
 creature. That we might liccome the righteousness of God in Hiu:. 
 ^I- 365, 366. Gal. 3: 26, 28. Ve are sons of God, in Christ Jesus. XI. 
 400. Eph. 2: 6, 10. Created in Christ Jesus. XI. 420, 421. Phil. 3: 9/ 
 May be found in Him. XI. 458. Col. 2:6, 10. Walk in Him, roolc! 
 and builded up in Him. Ye are complete in Him. XI. 473, 474. [W'j 
 are complete in Him. The secrets of our inmost being, the enigmas 
 of our destiny, are revealed to us in Christ and in Him alone. As an 
 old proverb says, with a profound prophetic wisdom. The secret of 
 man is the secret of the Messiah. He stands alone majestic, yet full 
 of love, with one hand reaching to the very heavens, with the other 
 laying hold of our fallen humanity and raising it from the depths of 
 despair to the beatitudes of redemption. And men in every age have 
 scouted every other deliverer; and men in every age have received 
 Him, and Him alone, as the Lord of their souls. H. B. Smith.'] 1 
 Thes. 4: 14. Sleep in Jesus. XL 492. i John 2:28. Abide in Him. 
 XL 688. I John 3: 24. We are in Him, even in Jesus Christ. XL 702. 
 Note that many of the above texts refer to the fruit or effects of the 
 believer's abiding in Christ — " Saved, sanctified, rooted, builded up, 
 made perfect, live, walk, work, suffer, sorrow and rejoice, conquer, 
 triumph, sleep, and die, in Christ." XL 488. [Believers are in Christ 
 so as to be partakers in all that He does, and has, and is. They died 
 with Him, and rose with Him, and live with Him, and in Him are 
 seated in heavenly places. When the eye of God looks on them they 
 are found in Christ, and there is no condemnation to those that are 
 in Him, and they are righteous in His righteousness, and loved with 
 the love that rests on Him, and are sons of God in His sonship. and 
 heirs with Him of His inheritance, and are soon to be glorified with 
 Him in His glory. T. D. Bernard.'] 
 
 With Christ. 
 
 Crucified, Dead. Rom. 6:4, 6, 8. Our old man was crucified with 
 Christ. Dead with Christ. Buried with Christ. XL 224. Gal. 2:20. 
 I am crucified with Christ. XL 396. Col. 2:20. Died with Christ. 2 
 Tim. 2:11. If we died with Him, we shall also live with Him. XL 
 534. Quickened together with Christ. Eph. 2:5. When we were 
 dead through our trespasses, quickened us together with Christ. Col • 
 2:13. XL 475. 2 Tim. 2:11. If we died with Him, we shall also 
 live with Him. XL 534. Suffer and reign with Christ. 2 Tim. 2:12. 
 If we suffer with Him, we shall also reign with Him. XL 534. i Pet. 
 
Like Christ. Christ our Life. 69 
 
 4: 13. Rejoice, as partakers of Christ's sufferings. Rom. 8:17. If 
 we suffer with Him, we may be glorified with Him. XL 237. Joint- 
 Heirs with Christ. Rom. 8 : 17. XL 236. Raised and Made to Sit with 
 Him in the Heavenly places. Eph. 2 : 6. XL 420. Col. 3:1. H ye were 
 raised together with Christ, seek the things that are above. XL 477. 
 PVitJi Him in Glory. John 14: 3. Where I am ye may be also. X. 480. 
 John 17:24. Be with Me where I am. X. 510. Col. 3:4. Ye shall 
 appear with Him in glory, i Thes. 5 : 10. Died for us, that we should 
 live together with Him. XL 495. 
 
 Like Christ. 
 
 Rom. 8:29. To be conformed to the image of His Son. XL 240, 
 241. 2 Cdr. 3 : 18. We all, with vmveiled face, reflecting as a mirror 
 the glory of the Lord, are transformed into the same image from 
 glory to glory. XL 355. Gal. 3 : 27. Put on Christ (made like Christ). 
 XL 400. I John 3 : 2. We shall be like Him, for we shall see Him 
 as He is. XL 690, 691. Beholding the grace and beauty of Christ, at- 
 tracted by Him who is "altogether lovely," we are won to love; and 
 loving, we are constrained to imitate and so become like Him. 
 
 Christ our Life. 
 
 John 1:4. In Him was life. X. 62. John 6:35. I am the bread 
 of life. X. 251. John 11:25. I ^"i the resurrection and the life. X. 
 348. John 14: 6. I am the way, the" truth, and the life. X. 481. John 
 6:57. Live because of Me. John 10: 10. I came that they may have 
 life, and may have it abundantly. X. 337. John 5:40. Ye* will not 
 come unto Me, that ye may have life. X. 133. Rom. 5: 10. Saved by 
 His life. XL 217. Rom. 8:2. The law of the spirit of life in Christ 
 Jesus. XL 233. [The power or principle which is implanted in the 
 soul by the life-giving Holy Spirit, who works in and through our 
 fellowship with Christ. Stevens.] Gal. 2:20. I have been crucified 
 with Christ; yet I live; and yet no longer I, but Christ liveth in me; 
 and that life I now live in the flesh I live in faith, the faith which is 
 in the Son of God,- who loved me, and gave Himself up for me. XL 
 396. Col. 3 : 3, 4. For ye died, and your life is hid with Christ in God. 
 When Chri'^t. Who is our life, shall be manifested, then shall ye also 
 with Him be manifested in glory. XL 478, 569-571. I John 5: 12, 20. 
 He that hath the Son, hath the life. We are in His Son Jesus Christ. 
 This is the true God, and eternal life. XL 701, 2. 
 
 Promised Effects of Abiding in or Union with Christ. 
 
 John 14: 3, 18, 19, 27. I come again, and will receive you innn Myself. 
 
yo Condition of Christ's Abiding. 
 
 I will not leave you desolate, I come unto you. Because I live, ye 
 shall live also. My peace I give unto you. X. 480, 485, 487. John 15 : 
 5, 7. He that abideth in Me and I in him, the same beareth much 
 fruit. If ye abide in Me, and My words abide in you, ask whatsoever 
 ye will, and it shall be done unto you. X. 490, 491. Rom. 8:55-39. 
 Xo separation from the love of Christ. XI. 243. i Cor. 15:56, 57. 
 Victory over death and sin. XI. 340. 2 Cor. 12 : 9. Christ's grace and 
 strength sufficient. XI. 386. Eph. i : 3. Blessed with every spiritual 
 blessing. XI. 415. Eph. 5: 14. Christ shall give thee light. XI. 437. 
 I T4ies. 1 : 3. Work of faith, labor of love, and patience of hope in 
 our Lord Jesus Christ. XI. 485. I Pet. i : 8. The unseen Christ loved, 
 trusted and rejoiced in. XI. 647. i John 3:6. Whosoever abideth in 
 Him sinneth not. XI. 691. 
 
 Condition of Christ's Abiding' in us. John 14:21,23. He 
 
 that keepeth My commandments. X. 485. John 15: 10. If ye keep My 
 commandments, ye shall abide in My love. X. 491. Heb. 3: 14. Wc 
 are partakers of Christ if wc hold fast, i John 3 : 24. He that keepeth 
 His commandments dwcllcth in Him, and He in him. XI. 694. 
 
 [To "have the commandments" of Jesus implies diligent inquiry 
 and docility. To " keep His commandments " involves the true spirit 
 of obedience — the one deep, changeless purpose to do all His known 
 will. This is the legitimate evidence of true love to Christ. He will 
 joyfully accept this evidence, and give every obedient, loving soul the 
 testimony that He accepts it. . . . Keeping His commandments 
 we come into most intimate relations to Him; we dwell in Him; He 
 dwells in us; and of this indwelling His Spirit, working in us, is the 
 witness. Henry Coivles. 
 
 Christ is the perennial source of that new life within, which 
 consists in communion with God, likeness to God, in gratitude, in love, 
 in peace, and joy, and hope — in trusting, serving, submitting and en- 
 during. This life hangs ever and wholly upon Him; all good and 
 gracious affections, every pure and holy impulse, the desire and 
 ability to be, to do, to suffer — coming to us from Him to whose light 
 we bring our darkness, to whose strength we bring our weakness, to 
 whose sympathy our sorrow, to whose fullness our emptiness. ]Vm. 
 Hanna.'] 
 
Regeneration. 7 1 
 
 THE HOLY SPIRIT'S REDEMPTIVE AGENCY. 
 
 TWO CARDINAL FACTS. 
 
 I. ACT OF REGENERATION, OR CREATION OF 
 
 NEW LIFE. 
 
 . Terms of equivalent or kindred meaning: Re-creation, Palingenesia, 
 Tit. 3:5. Born Again, Born from Above, Born Anew. Gcnnethe, 
 anothen, John 3:3, 7. Begotten Again, Anagennao, i Pet. i : 3, 23. 
 Created, Creature, Ktizo, Ktisis, Make, Produce, Eph. 2: 10. 2 Cor. 
 5: 17. Gal. 6: 15. Transformed, metamorphoo, Rom. 12: 2. All these 
 are terms of equivalent or of kindred meaning. Their significance is 
 a New Birth or Creation of the human spirit by the Divine Spirit, a 
 spiritual quickening from death to life, a radical transformation of 
 spiritual character by Divine renewal, a restoration to the lost image 
 and likeness of God. 
 
 The Spirit of God, tiie New Creator, the Sole Regen- 
 erating Agent. 
 
 John I : 12,13. To them gave He the right to become the children 
 of God: which were born not of the will of man, but of God. John 
 3:6. That which is born of the Spirit is spirit. X. 88. (See, John 7: 
 38, 39. X. 307, and Ezek.^ii: 19; 36:22-27; 37: 1-14. IX. 56, I55-I57. 
 164.) Titus 3: 5. Saved us through the washing of regeneration and 
 renewing of the Holy Ghost. XI. 551. Eph. 2: 10. His workmanship, 
 created . . . unto good works, i Cor. 5 : 17. New creation. XI. 
 365. Eph. 4:24. The new man, created in righteousness and holiness 
 of truth. 2 Thes. 2: 13. Chosen unto salvation through sanctification 
 of the Spirit. Rom. 8: 10, 11. The Spirit is life. XI. 235. Eph. 2: i, 
 5. You hath He quickened who were dead. Quickened us together 
 with Christ, i Pet. 3 : 18. Quickened by the Spirit. Ezek. 11 : 19. IX. 
 56. Ezek. 36:26, 27. A new heart will I give you, and a new spirit 
 will I put within you, etc. IX. 155-157. Ezek. 37:4-14. IX. 162-165. 
 Zech. 4: 6. IX. 565. Also VII. pp. 201, 496. 
 
 The New Creation is "in Christ Jesus." 
 
 Eph. 2: 10. Created in Christ Jesus. 2 Cor. 5: 17. If any man 
 is in Christ he is a new creature. Gal. 6: 15. In Christ Jesus, a new 
 
72 Regeneration. 
 
 creature. XI. 413. Rom. 8:2. The law of the Spirit of life in Christ 
 Jesus made me free from the law of sin and death. John 10: 10. I 
 came that they may have life. Col. 3:4. Christ our life. Christ as 
 Prophet reveals the love of God, as Priest exhibits and impresses it 
 in His humiliation and death, and as King subdues and wins the heart 
 to responsive trust and love. John 16:13, M- The Spirit shall not 
 speak of Himself. He shall glorify me. 
 
 The Word Employed by the Spirit as an Instrument 
 or Means in Regeneration. 
 
 The Word brings assured Divine testimony and evidence to in- 
 form the reason and impress the judgment. It presents supremely 
 desirable objects to interest and engage the affections. And it presses 
 fitting and adequate motives to act effectively upon the will. All of 
 these, the judgments, the affections, with the aims and purposes, are 
 radically changed in Regeneration. 
 
 Ps. 119: 50. Thy Word hath quickened me. V. 310. Vs. 93. With 
 Thy precepts hast thou quickened me. James i : 18. He brought us 
 forth by the Word of truth. Vs. 21. The implanted Word which is 
 able to save your souls. XI. 624. i Pet. i : 23. Begotten again through 
 the Word of God, which liveth and abidcth. XI. 651. 2 Cor. 3: 18. Wc. 
 with unveiled face reflecting as in a mirror the glory of the Lord, are 
 transformed into the same image from glory to glory, even as from 
 the Lord the Spirit. 2 Thes. 2: 13, 14. XL 502. 
 
 Designed Effects of Regeneration, which are also 
 Evidences of its Actual Experience. 
 
 X'ew Creature, a new Song. Ps. 40:3. IV. 297. Eph. 2:10. 
 Created unto good works, i John 2:29. Every one that doeth right- 
 eousness is begotten of Him. i John 3 : 9, 14. Whosoever is begotten 
 of God doeth no sin. We know that we have passed out of death into 
 life because we love the brethren, i John 4: 7. Every one that loveth 
 is begotten of God. i John 5:1,4, 18. Whosoever believeth that Jesus 
 is the Christ is begotten of God. W^hosoever is begotten of God over- 
 cometh the world. Whosoever is begotten of God sinneth not, and 
 the evil one toucheth him not. 
 
 Regeneration and Sanctification. 
 
 One the beginning, the other the continuance, progress and de- 
 velopment of spiritual life. The same Divine Agent, employing the 
 same Instrument, the Truth of God as Revealed. 
 
Regeneration. 73 
 
 2 Cor. 4: 16. Our inward man is renewed day by day. Eph. 4: 
 23. Renewed in the spirit of your mind, and put on the new man. 
 
 2 Pet. 1:4. Through these (His precious and exceeding great 
 promises) ye may become partakers of the Divine nature. 2 Cor. 3: 
 18. (Above) Transformed from glory to glory. Rom. 12:2. Trans- 
 formed by the renewing of your mind. 
 
 Regeneration as Related to Repentance, or Metanoia, 
 and Conversion. 
 
 As we have often seen, in treating these great and vital truths, 
 there is connected with every phase of the Divine acting touching 
 human salvation, an essential condition of demanded responsive 
 human action. So is it in the process of Regeneration or Spiritual 
 Transformation. Thus far we have regarded it from the Divine side. 
 But the process has a human side. It calls for responsive action of 
 the human subject while it ensures the result of such action to every 
 willing soul. Repentance, or better, Metanoia and Conversion, Gr. 
 Epistrophc, as human acts must always be responsive to the Divine 
 Regeneration, Palingenesia, if an actual spiritual change of new 
 creation is to issue. The Divine agency is not irrespective of the 
 freedom of the human subject, but is exercised in combination and 
 liarmony with the laws of his rational and moral constitution. The 
 man himself must go back upon his previous life-controlling views, 
 desires, purposes and pursuits. He must change his standpoint and 
 goal, and reverse his course. This is the plain, oft-repeated demand 
 01 God: Repent, change your mind; Be converted. Turn yourselves; 
 Put away the old man, put on the new ; Be renewed ; Be ye trans- 
 formed by the renewing of your mind. This demand, like every other 
 demand of God, carries with it the pledge of Divine and gracious 
 strength for its own fulfillment. But it must be accepted, and its 
 obedience, willingly, gratefully, gladly attempted, and the result of 
 Divine Regeneration will be assured. 
 
 Regeneration and Faith. 
 
 Faith is a second essential condition, on the human side, of the 
 Holy Spirit's act in Regeneration. 
 
 This leads us to the consideration of 
 
74 Repentance toward God. 
 
 MAN'S CONDITIONAL PART IN CONNECTION 
 WITH THE SPIRIT'S WORK IN REGENERA- 
 TION. 
 
 Note. — This strictly belongs to our Second Main Division, and is- 
 sufficiently unfolded in its place. But its treatment is demanded at this 
 point for a complete and effective exposition of the vital theme under 
 consideration. 
 
 1. Attention to and reflection upon the truth able to make wise 
 unto salvation. Ps. 119: 59. I thought upon my ways and turned my 
 feet. V. 312. Isa. 55:2, 3. VIII. 301. Heb. 2: i. XL 559. 
 
 2. Glad reception and heart belief of this truth, under the illumin- 
 ing power of the Holy Spirit. Acts 16:14. Whose heart the Lord 
 opened to give heed unto the things spoken. XL 113. 
 
 3. Decision to surrender mind, heart, and zvill, under the same 
 gracious influence. Acts 9: 6. What wilt Thou have me to do? XL 63, 
 171. Luke 15: 17-20. X. 370. Acts 26: 19: XL 171. 
 
 4. Coincident with the choice or decision, and under the same 
 gracious influence, is the act of penitent surrender, the actual change 
 of mind or "repentance toward God" (Acts 20:21), together with 
 "faith tozvard the Lord Jesus Christ." 
 
 Repentance and Faith comprise the two essential con- 
 ditions of man's own action that must precede and accom- 
 pany the Work of the Holy Spirit in man's Regeneration. 
 To these vital themes we subjoin full treatment : 
 
 I. REPENTANCE TOWARD GOD, One essential con- 
 dition of Regeneration. 
 
 Two original words of the New Testament, widely diverse in 
 their meaning, are translated by the English word Repent or Repent- 
 ance. One word, used only seven times and in verbal form, is 
 Metameloviai. It signifies " after care," i.e., painful .sorrow or re- 
 morseful regret. As nearly as possible it is the exact equivalent of 
 the word Repent or Repentance. Thus Matt. 27:^. Ju<las {metame- 
 lethcis) repenting himself, i.e., remorsefully regretting his act of be- 
 trayal. Repentance is simply re-penitence. Penitence, from poena 
 (pain with conscious liability to punishment), carries the idea of grief 
 over a regretted and punishable act. Rc-pcnitence, looking again (or 
 back) with sorrow for that which has been wrong. Metamclomai, 
 
Repentance — Metanoia. 75 
 
 says Dr. Alex. Roberts, means simply to rue or regret a course that 
 has been followed. 
 
 But the common N. T. word, used more than fifty times, is Meta- 
 noia or Metanceo. This is one of the most significant words of In- 
 spiration ; one of immense breadth in its meaning and in its relations. 
 In its true significance there is absolutely no trace of sorrow or regret, 
 no single element contained in the word Repentance. Hence its trans- 
 lation by that word has been, from the first until now, an utter mis- 
 translation. For the perpetuation of this grave error the sole excuse 
 of the Revisers is that no other single word can fully or rightly in- 
 terpret Metanoia. Literally, the word signifies Change of Mind, a 
 change in the trend and action of the whole inner nature, intellectual, 
 affectional'and moral, of the man, a reversal of his controlling esti- 
 mates and judgments, desires and affections, choices and pursuits, in- 
 volving a radical revolution in his supreme life aims, purposes and 
 objects. Trench says: "Metanoia expresses that mighty change in 
 mind, heart and life wrought by the Spirit of God." De Quincey: 
 "Metanoia concealed a most profound meaning of prodigious compass, 
 which bore no allusion to any ideas whatever of repentance. . 
 It expresses a revolution of thought, a great intellectual change in the 
 accepting a new center for all moral truth from Christ." Bp. IVest- 
 cott : "The word describes characteristically, in the language of the 
 New Testament, a general change of mind, which becomes in its full- 
 est development an intellectual and moral regeneration." Chalmers: 
 "It describes that deep and radical change whereby a sinner turns 
 from the idols of sin and self unto God, and devotes every movement 
 of the inner and outer man to the captivity of His obedience." The 
 distinctive meaning of the two words illustrated, 2 Cor. 7:8-10. Vs. 
 8. I do not regret (mctamelomai). Vs. 9. Ye were made sorry unto 
 Metanoia. Vs. 10. Sorrow toward God (i.e., genuine repentance) 
 worketh or produceth Metanoia unto salvation, not to be repented 
 of or regretted {amctamelcton). XI. 372. 
 
 This Metanoia, or radical reversal of life-controlling thoughts, 
 affections, choices and pursuits, one great theme of New Testament 
 preaching, the high call and imperative demand of God. (Note 
 that this demand, like all others, has behind it God's pledge of help 
 and assurance of success.) 
 
 It was the Only Theme of the Forerunner, John the Bap- 
 tist. Matt. 3 : 2. John came, saying, Change your whole inner being 
 and life ; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. X. 60. Mark i : 4. John 
 preached the baptism of Metanoia. Matt. 3:8, 11. Bring forth fruits 
 
76 Repentance^Metanoia. 
 
 worthy of Metanoia. I baptize with water unto Metanoia, but He 
 (Christ) shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost and with fire. (Refer- 
 ring to the "born of water and the Spirit" of John 3:5.) 
 
 It was the First Utterance of Christ, according to Matt. 4: 17. 
 Jesus began to preach and to say, Take another mind upon you. To 
 this injunction, also at the very outset, Christ added the demand of 
 faith, thus summing up all that God asks of man. Mark i : 14, 15. 
 Jesus came preaching the gospel of God, and saying. The time is ful- 
 filled, and the Kingdom of God is at hand. Take a new mind upon 
 you, and believe in the gospel (the glad tidings). X. 115. Matt. 9: 13. 
 To call sinners to metanoia. 
 
 Metanoia Emphasized by the Twelve and by Christ. Mark 
 6:12. They went out preaching that men should (repent) change 
 mind and life. Luke 13:3, 5. Except ye change heart and life, ye 
 must peri.sh.' Luke 15: 7. Joy in heaven over one sinner that changes 
 heart and life. Acts 2:38. Change your mind and be baptized. XI. 
 23. Acts 17: 30. God commandeth all everywhere to (repent) change 
 mind and life. XL 127. 2 Pet. 3 : 9. That all should come to metanoia. 
 
 Metanoia and Faith the Theme of Paul. Acts 20: 21. Testify- 
 ing metanoia toward God and faith toward our Lord Jesus Christ. XI. 
 146. Acts 26:20. That they should (repent) and turn to God, doing 
 works worthy of metanoia. See X. 115. The Old Testament Gospel 
 of the Psalmists and Prophets express the same demand of God for 
 Trust or Faith, and Turning back or change of heart and life. This 
 suggests the close relation of 
 
 Metanoia and Conversion. 
 
 The words Convert and Conversion in the Old Version, Gr., 
 epistrepho, carry the simple meaning, Turning about or back, or Re- 
 turning unto. They plainly express the eifect of the metanoia or 
 change of mind, the actual turning back to God. The two are linked. 
 Acts 3: 19. Change your mind and turn again, that your sins may be 
 blotted out. XL 146. Also, Acts 26:20. Should change your mind 
 and turn to God, doing works worthy of the changed mind. The Old 
 Testament is in harmony with the New as to the meaning of both 
 metanoia and epistrepho. Ezek. 18: 30-32. Make you a new heart and 
 a new spirit. Turn yourselves and live. IX. 85-89. Ezek. 14:6. Re- 
 turn ye, and turn yourselves from your idols. IX. 65, 86, 7. Read 
 
Repentance — Metanoia. 77 
 
 Isa. 55 : 7, Let the unrighteous forsake his thoughts, and return unto 
 the Lord, and He will have mercy. VIIL 304, 5. Deut. 30: i, 6, 15-20. 
 IL 711-715. Phil. 3: XL 456. 
 
 Metanoia and the Holy Spirit, 
 
 the human and Divine agency. The always responsive aict or work 
 of the Holy Spirit, imparting needful efificacy to man's desire and 
 purpose in change of mind. Jer. 31 : 18, 19. Turn Thou me, and I shall 
 be turned. After I was turned, I repented. VHL 544, 5. Ezek. 11: 
 19, 20. I will put a new spirit within you. IX. 56. Ezek. 36:26, 27. 
 A new heart will I give you. IX. 155-158. Ps. 51 : 10. Create in me 
 a clean heart and renew a right spirit. IV. 372. Rom. 12:2. Be ye 
 transformed by the renewing of your mind. Eph. 4 : 23, 24. Be re- 
 newed in the spirit of your mind and put on the new man, which, etc. 
 XL 432, 3. 2 Tim. 2:25,26. If God may give them metanoia unto 
 knowledge of truth. 2 Cor. 4: 16. The inward man is renewed day 
 by day. XL 360. In this connection may well be recalled the ancient 
 Christian prayer. Demand what Thou wilt, but give what Thou de- 
 mandest ! And the corresponding fact that God's call to any action 
 is itself a prophecy and pledge of ability for its performance to be 
 given by Himself. 
 
 Metanoia and Godly Sorrow, 
 
 or Penitence for sin. (Referred to above.) 2 Cor. 7: 10. Godly sor- 
 row worketh metanoia unto salvation. XL 372. Evidently sorrow for 
 sin, as against God's autliority and law, must precede any change in 
 the soul's estimates, feelings and action with reference to God, and, 
 more than any other human cause, lead to the change. Illiis. Acts 2; 
 37. Pricked in their heart, cried. Change your mind. XL 23 : IX. 605. 
 
 Metanoia and Confession of Sin. 
 
 Isa. 6:5. VIIL 43, 4. Ps. 32:5. IV. 240, I. Penitent Confession 
 includes renunciation of evil-doing and substitution of good. Hos. 14: 
 1-3. IX. 378, 9. Judges 10:6-16. III. 229. Jer. 18:11. VIIL 491. 
 Isa. i: 16, 17. VIIL 22, 3. Jer. 4:3, 14. IX. 416, 418. Hos. 10: 12. 
 IX. 365. Amos 5:14, 15. IX. 419. Isa. 55:7. VIIL 304, 5. Luke 
 19 : 8. X. 400. Luke 3 : 8. Acts 26 : 20. 
 
 Metanoia and Remission of Sins. 
 
 Mark i : 4. Preached the baptism of metanoia unto remission of 
 
78 Fdith. 
 
 sins. Luke 24:47. Metanoia and remission of sins should be preached 
 in His name. Acts 2:38. XI. 2},, 24. The remission of sins and the 
 gift of the Holy Ghost. 
 
 Supreme Motive to Metanoia. 
 
 Rom. 2 : 4. The goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance. XI. 
 204. 5. 2 Cor. 5 : 14. The love of God constraineth us. . . . He 
 died for all, that they which live should live unto Him. XI. 364. 5. 
 
 Signal Illustrations of Metanoia. 
 
 (i) Adam's fall a metanoia from holiness to sin, involving a 
 calamitous change of life and destiny for himself and his race. (2) 
 Manasseh. VII. lyj. (3) Paul. Acts 9:6: XI. 62, 63. Acts 26: 19, 20. 
 I was not disobedient to the heavenly vision, but declared that they 
 should repent (change, etc.) and turn to God, doing works worthy of 
 repentance. XI. 171. 
 
 2. FAITH TOWARD THE LORD JESUS CHRIST, 
 the second and co-ordinate condition of the Holy Spirit's act 
 in Regeneration. 
 
 Trust, the Old Testament word. Faith or Belief, the 
 Word of New Testament. Comprehensively, including intellectual 
 assent to revealed truths respecting God and Redemption; submission 
 of the will, or self-commitment and consecration; and confidence of 
 the heart (Rom. 10: 10. XI. 249), or loving trust in and leaning upon 
 God and His words of promise. Briefly, Trust in a Redeeming God 
 and assured confidence in His Work for and in us. Ps. 18:2. Act 
 and habit of soul. IV. 137. XI. 399. vs. 14. 
 
 The sole Biblical definition. Heb. 11 :i. Now faith is the 
 assurance of (the giving substance io) things hoped for, the proving 
 (or test) of things not seen. XL 596. For further uninspired descrip- 
 tion of trust or faith, see Old Test, paragraphs: Ps. 18:2. IV. 137; 
 22 : 8. IV. 173. Ps. 23 ; 25 : 2. IV. 94. . 28 : 7. IV. 214. 31 : 19, IV. 234. 
 Ps. 32:10. IV. 245. 34:8, 22. IV. 253, 258. 37:3. 5. IV. 272-275. 
 40:4. IV. 298. 55:23. IV. 393. 56:3. 4. IV. 395. 62:8. IV. 418. 
 112: 7. \ . 252, 3. Job 13: 15. VI. 83. Prov. 3: 5. VI. 249. Prov. 29: 
 25. VI. 419. Isa. 12:2. VIII. 82. Isa. 26:3, 4. VIII. 124-126. Isa. 
 50: 10. VIII. 265, 6. Isa. 57: 13. VIII. 322. Jer. 17:7, 8. VII. 477. 
 Eph. 1:12. XL 417. 
 
Faith. 79 
 
 The Supreme Object of Faith, Christ and Salvation 
 
 by His Grace. Acts i6: 31. Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and 
 thou shalt be saved. Acts 15: 11. We believe that through the grace 
 of the Lord Jesus Christ we shall be saved. Rom. 10:4. Christ the 
 end of the law for righteousness to every one that believeth. i John 
 5:1. Whoso believeth that Jesus is the Christ is begotten of God. 
 2 Tim. 1 : 12. I know Him whom I have believed and am persuaded, 
 etc. Gal. 2. I live by the faith of the Son of God, who loved me and 
 gave Himself for me. John 1:7. Heb. 11:6. i John 4: 16. Prov. 
 3 : 26. Faith in Christ the Key to Old Testament. 2 Tim. 3: 15. XL 
 538- 
 
 Personal Faith or Trust in the Saving Christ an Es- 
 sential Condition of Saving Grace. (Man's part and act.) 
 
 Eph. 2:8. By grace are ye saved, through faith; and that (salvation) 
 is the gift of God. 2 Thes. 2: 13. Chosen to salvation through sancti- 
 fication of the Spirit and belief of the truth. Passages shov>^ing the 
 co-operation of God in help of man's own act of faith, as in every 
 spiritual act. Gal. 5:22. Fruit of Spirit faith. Heb. 12:1. Christ 
 the author and perfecter of faith. Phil, i : 29. To you it is given not 
 only to believe but to suffer. Every influence and help God will im- 
 part to prompt and secure faith, except its direct creation in the soul, 
 else man has no responsibility. 
 
 Faith a Living and Active Principle. Productive and 
 
 Capable of Increase and Growth. 2 Cor. 4: 13. We believe and there- 
 fore speak. Gal. 5 : 6. Faith worketh through love. XL 406. James 
 2 : 14-26. Without works dead. XL 629. Christ calls it the work that 
 God demands of man. John 6:9. This is the work of God, that ye 
 believe on Him whom He hath sent. Luke 17: 5. Increase our faith. 
 2 Cor. 10: 15. Your faith is increased. 2 Thes. i : 3. Your faith grow- 
 eth exceedingly, i Thes. 1 : 10. Perfect what is lacking in your faith. 
 2 Tim. 1:6. XL 529. Differing Measures. Little faith. Matt. 6:30, 
 etc. Great faith. Matt 8:10. Full assurance of faith. Heb. 10:22. 
 Strong in faith. Rom. 4: 20. Mark 4: 40. Luke 17: 6. 
 
 Faith must be unceasingly exercised. Heb. 3 : 14. Hold 
 
 our confidence unto the end. Jude 20. Building up yourselves on your 
 faith. Col. 1:23. Continue in faith, i Tim. 6:11. 2 Tim. 2:22. 
 Follow faith. Heb. 10:23. Hold fast faith, i Cor. 16:13. Stand 
 fast in faith, i Pet. 5 : 9. Resist, steadfast in faith. lUiis. Col. 2 : 5. 
 
8o Faith and Righteousness. 
 
 Effects, Fruits, Final Reward, of Faith. Effects: James 
 
 1:3. Workcth patience. XI. 617, 619. Acts 15:9. Purifies the heart. 
 I John 5:4, 5. Overcometh the world. XI. 699. i Pet. i : 5. By the 
 power of God guarded through faith. XI. 647. The unseen controls 
 our life. 2 Cor. 5 : 7. We walk by faith. XI. 362. Matt. 8: 13. Accord- 
 ing to faith, be it to you. Mark 9: 23. All things possible to him that 
 believeth. X. 285, 6. Fruits: Remission of Sins. Acts 10:43. 
 Strength. Isa. 30: 15. In confidence your strength. YIII. 150. i. Peace 
 and Joy. Rom. 5: i, 2; 15: 13. i Pet. i : 8. Thankfulness, i Tim. 4: 
 3. Readiness to testify. Ps. 116:10. 2 Cor. 4:13. We believe and 
 therefore speak. V. 267. XL 358. 9. I Thes. i : 7. Godly edifying or 
 building up godly character, i Tim. 1:4. Jude 20. XI. 710. The 
 Father's love. John 16:27. The Father loveth you becau.se you have 
 believed. Promise, Reception, Sealing of the Spirit. Gal. 3: 14. John 
 7:39. Eph. i: 13. XI. 417. 399. Children of God. John i: 12. Gal. 
 3:26. Ye are . . . by faith. XI. 400. Indwelling of Christ. Eph. 
 3:17. Christ in your hearts. X. 425. Christ present intercession. 
 John 17:20. I pray for them that shall believe. Present spiritual life. 
 Gal. 2 : 20. I live by faith in Son of God. XI. 396. John 7 : 38. Re- 
 ward, or Ultimate Result: i Pet. 1:5, 9. Receiving the end of your 
 faith, even the salvation of your souls. XI. 648. Heb. 10: 39. Believe 
 to saving of the soul. XI. 595. Heb. 6: 12. Through faith inherit the 
 promises. XI. 576. Rom. 6: 10. XL 224. Heb. 4:3. Enter into rest. 
 John 11:26. Never die. John 3:36. Everlasting life. 
 
 Relations and Connections of Faith. 
 
 With Righteousness. Gr. Rightness, Being right. The word 
 in its normal meaning stands for the fundamental quality of moral 
 character, and includes, in its ordinary use, absolute correctness and 
 justness in all estimates, desires, motives and choices affecting moral 
 conduct — in a word, moral perfection. To man, under the Law of 
 a Divine Creator and Ruler, it is an essential element in securing 
 favor and an acceptable standing. 
 
 But in this meaning, since the sin of man there has been no 
 righteousness exemplified on the earth. The one testimony of God 
 in His entire W^ord is, that there is none rigliteons. 
 
 Special Scriptural Use and Gracious Meaning. 
 In place of man's own righteousness, and because of his unright- 
 eousness or sin, the grace of God has provided and proffered a " right- 
 
Faith and Righteousness. 8i 
 
 eousness which is of faith,"' " the righteousness of God through faith 
 in Jesus Christ unto all them that believe," Rom. 3 : 20-26. Romans 
 4:3-8, 22-25. 5:15-21. 10:4-10. Also XL 199. 
 
 The righteousness requisite for an accepted standing before God 
 and His Law is not therefore righteousness in its normal sense of 
 moral perfection, for this no man has wherewith to offer, but it is a 
 substituted state of gracious acceptance and of treatment as though 
 always righteous on account of the sacrificial self-offering for man's 
 sin of the Incarnate Son of God, into which state the believing and 
 penitent transgressor is admitted. The full and simple explanation 
 we read in the wonderful words of 2 Cor. 5:21. Him who knew no 
 sin He made to be sin on our behalf, that we might become the right- 
 eousness of 'God in Him. Also, i Cor. i : 30. Christ Jesus was made 
 unto us righteousness. Phil. 3 : 9. That I may gain Christ, and be 
 found in Him, not having a righteousness of mine own, even that 
 which is of the law, but that which is through faith in Christ, the 
 righteousness which is of God by faith. Matt. 6: 31. Ps. 24: 5. Jer. 
 23:6. VHL 505. Isa. 45:24. VHL 241. Isa. 32:17, 18. VHL 159. 
 
 In other words: Righteousness expresses the condition of one 
 who stands accepted by the perfect Law, and is therefore approved 
 of God. This condition or standing is attained, either by exactly 
 meeting the Law's demands, or by the reckoning of such perfect 
 obedience on account of the sacrificial self-offering of the Incarnate 
 Son of God, accepted and trusted in by the penitent transgressor. 
 Thus the whole Scripture discriminates between " the righteousness 
 which is of the Law," and " the righteousness which is of* faith." 
 Paul, who most fully disclgses and most clearly interprets this great 
 theme, cites Moses as saying in reference to the former (Rom. 10: 5), 
 The man who doeth these things (who perfectly keeps God's com- 
 mandments) shall live by them. So Christ, ISIatt. 19: 17, If thou wilt 
 enter into life, keep the commandments. But Paul quotes the asser- 
 tion of many who wrote before him, Rom. 5 : 9-20. There is none right- 
 eous; all are gone out of the way. And he concludes (vs. 20). There- 
 fore by the deeds of the law shall no flesh be justified in His sight. 
 Hence it is that the great and central theme of the Scripture is '" the 
 righteousness which is of faith," and upon the pages of Old and New 
 Testament, in manifold forms of announcement, appears the supreme 
 and vital connection of Faith. 
 
 We add a single practical point : 
 
 The Righteousness of Faith involves righteousness in daily living. 
 The Righteousness thus provided by Christ's suffering and death, and 
 6 
 
82 Faith and Justification. 
 
 reckoned to the account of the believing penitent, is provided and 
 reckoned only to those who desire and aim and, to the utmost, en- 
 deavor to realise a true and complete righteousness in daily living. 
 Peter says, His own Self bare our sins in His body upon the tree, 
 that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteousness (i Pet. 
 2:25). Hence the injunction of the Prophet: Hosea 10: 12. Sow to. 
 yourselves in righteousness. IX. 365-367. Zeph. 2 : 3. Seek righteous- 
 ness. Prov. 21 : 21. He that followeth after righteousness shall find 
 righteousness. Matt. 5:6. Blessed are they that hunger and thirst 
 after righteousness, for they shall be filled. 
 
 Faith and Justification. 
 
 Specially should we note Paul's large treatment, with many Old 
 Testament citations, of the Righteousness which is of Faith, and the 
 Justification by God of the Believer, to whom that Righteousness is 
 accounted. Rom. 8: 33. It is God that justifieth. Titus 3: 7. Justified 
 by His grace. Rom. 5: i. XI. 215. Heb. 8: 12. XL 584. Also Gen. 
 15:6. I. 322. 
 
 Comprehensive Statement of the Great and Vital Truth. 
 
 Rom. I : 17. {Rev. Vers.) For therein (in the Gospel) is revealed 
 a righteousness of God by (from) faith unto faith; as it is written 
 (Hab. 2:4. IX. 509-511) : The righteous shall live by (from) faith. 
 XI. 201. Also cited, Gal. 3: II. XI. 399. Heb. 10:38. Job 9: 2 125: 
 4. VI. 59-140. 
 
 Passages and Texts in detail. 
 
 Rom. 3:21-26. Vs. 22. The righteousness of God through faith 
 in Jesus Christ unto all them that believe. Vs. 24-26. Being jus- 
 tified freely by His grace through the redemption that is in Christ 
 Jesus; whom God set forth (purposed) to be a propitiation, through 
 faith, by His blood, to shew His righteousness; . . . that Ik- 
 might Himself be just, and the Justifier of him that hntli failh in 
 Jesus. XI. 209. [Paraphrase: "We arc to be justified, regarded and 
 treated as holy, provision is made for our deliverance from sin, we can 
 be forgiven, renewed, and made perfect in holiness, freely, not as 
 something to which we can lay claim by purely personal merit. We 
 are utterly dependent upon grace, upon the voluntary, undeserved, 
 self-moved compassion of God. That compassion has taken form in 
 the redeeming act of Christ Jesus, which redeeming act consisted in 
 our Lord's sacrifice of Himself unto death, the power of which we 
 
Faith and Justification. 83 
 
 appropriate by simple faith: which redeeming act Gcxl had in mind 
 or purposed from all eternity as a means of giving force to His re- 
 deeming mercy (propitiation). That which has taken place in time 
 was freely determined from everlasting. But God's eternal way of 
 dealing with men, and saving them from sin, has now been shown 
 in act, it has been clearly and unanswerably made manifest. In the 
 light of that act, giving force to God's redeeming mercy, we can now 
 understand the riddle of God's past treatment of a wicked world, 
 when His forbearance had the appearance of indifference to the sins 
 of men ; and in the light of this act it is also clearly seen that in 
 saving him who believes in Jesus, God is dealing righteously." A. J. 
 F. Bchrcnds.'] Rom. 4:3, 9, 13, 20-25. Vs. 3. Abraham believed God, 
 and it was ccJunted unto him for righteousness. (See Gen. 15: 16. I. 
 322, 3, 328, 340). Vs. 9. His faith was reckoned for righteousness. 
 Vs. 23-25. Now it was not written for his sake alone, that it was reck- 
 oned unto him; but for our sake also, who believe on Him that raised 
 Jesus our Lord from the dead, who was delivered up for our tres- 
 passes, and was raised for our justification. XI. 212, 213. Gal. 3:6- 
 12. XL 399. Rom. 4: 5-8. To him that worketh not, but believeth on 
 Him that justifieth the ungodly, his faith is reckoned for righteous- 
 ness. Even as David also pronounceth blessing upon the man unto 
 whom God reckoneth righteousness apart from works, " Blessed is 
 the man to whom the Lord will not reckon sin. Rom. 5: i, 16-19. 
 XL 215. Rom. 8:33; 9:30; 10:4, 10. For Christ is the end of the 
 law unto righteousness to every one that believeth. With heart man 
 believeth unto righteousness. XL 249, 250. Rom. 8: i. Now no con- 
 demnation to them that are iji Christ Jesus. XL 232. 
 
 Confirmatory and Connected Statc.nents. 
 
 Isa. 45:24. In the Lord shall be justified. VIII. 241. Jer. 23:6. 
 The Lord our righteousness. VIII. 241. Isa. 53:11. My righteous 
 servant shall justify many. VIII. 286, 7. Isa. 54: 17. Righteousness 
 which is of Me. VIII. 297. Micah 7 : 7-9. I shall behold His right- 
 eousness. IX. 489. Acts 13:39. By Him every one that believeth is 
 justified from all things. XL 97. i Cor. i : 30. Christ made righteous- 
 ness. XL 283. 2 Cor. 5:21. Him who knew no sin He made to be 
 sin on our behalf, that we might become the righteousness of God 
 in Him. XL 366. Gal. 3: il. 13. Christ redeemed us from the curse 
 of the law, having become a curse for us, for it is written, etc. XL 
 399. Gal. 2: 16. Not justified by works of law, but only through faith 
 in Jesus Christ. Phil. 3:9. That I may gain Christ, and be found 
 Ml Him, not having a righteousness of my own, but that which is 
 
84 Relations of Faith. 
 
 through faith in Christ, the righteousness which is of God by faith. 
 XI. 458. 2 Pet. I : I. Like precious faith with us in the righteousness 
 of our God and Saviour Jesus Christ. Heb. 11:7. Xoah (named 
 with Abraham), heir of the righteousness which is by faith. Matt. 6: 
 33. Seek first His kingdom and His righteousness. 
 
 Fruits of Justification by Faith, 
 
 Rom. 5:11. Peace, Access, Hope. T.ove of God in the heart, 
 Saved from wrath, Joy in God. XI. 214-218. The abiding Trinity of 
 Spiritual Graces, i Cor. 13: 13. Faith, Hope, Love. XI. 12"]. Glory. 
 Rom. 8 : 30. 
 
 Christian Virtues to be Associated with Faith. 
 
 2 Pet. 1:5:7. Add to faith virtue (energy), knowledge (practical 
 wisdom), temperance (self-control), brotherly kindness, love (uni- 
 versal charity). XI. 671, 2. Here faith is the foimdation and vital 
 support, and these virtues the superstructure of the Life-Building of 
 Christian character. 
 
 Faith and the Word: John 20:31. i John 5:13. Written 
 that ye might believe. X. 588. Rom. i : 16, 17. Power of God to sal- 
 vation to every one that believeth. 2 Tim. 3: 15. Able to make wise 
 unto salvation through faith. XI. 538. i Thes. 2:13. Effectually 
 worketh in you that believe. Rom. 10: 17. Faith cometh from hear- 
 ing . . . the word of God. 2 Thes. 2: 13. Chosen through sanc- 
 tification of spirit and belief of truth. XI. 502. Heb. 4: 2. Word not 
 profit because not believed. 2 Thes. 2: 12. Condemned who believed 
 not the truth. Rom. 16: 26. Made known to all nations for the obedi- 
 ence of faith. Read Faith and Revelation. XI. 819. 
 
 Faith and Prayer: Mark u : 2i. l\Tatt. 21 : 22. All things ye 
 ask in prayer, believing, ye shall receive. X. 416. James 1:6. Ask 
 in faith. XI. 620. James 5: 15. XI. 641. Eph. 3: 12. Boldness and 
 access with confidence by faith in Him. XI. 425. Rom. 5 : 2. Mark 
 9:24. I believe, help my unbelief, i John 5: 14. Heb. 10: 22. Draw 
 near in fullness of faith. XI. 593. 
 
 Faith 8.nd Trial: James 1:3. Trial of your faith worketh 
 patience. XI. 617, 619. i Pet. 1:7. Trial of faith, though with fire, 
 might be found unto praise and honor and glory. XI. 647. John 11 : 
 
Relations of Faith. 85 
 
 15; 13: 19; 14:29; 19:35. Came to pass that ye may believe. Ps. 37: 
 
 5. IV. 274, 5. Job 13 : 5. 
 
 Faith and Work or Works: Ps. 37:3, 272. James 2:14- 
 
 26. Faith wrought with works, and by works was faith made per- 
 fect. Faith without works is dead. XI. 629-631. So Paul counts only 
 as saving the " faith which worketh by love." Gal. 5 : 6. XI. 406. I 
 Thes. 1:3. Work of faith. XI. 485. 2 Thes. i:ii. Work of faith 
 with power. XI. 499. i Tim. 6:11, 12. Follow after faith, etc. Fight 
 the good fight of faith. XI. 523, 526. Rom. 16: 26. For the obedience 
 of faith. XI. 275. Faith's place and office in the Christian's armor: 
 Eph. 6: 16. Shield, i Thes. 5 : 8. Breast-plate of faith and love. Note 
 that Faith has no relation to the works of the Law. It demands, and 
 proves its own existence and vital power, by bringing forth its own 
 appropriate works. Paul and James agree. 
 
 Faith and Repentance. Two Topics of New Testament 
 Preaching; vital conditions on man's part of salvation. Acts 20:21. 
 Testifying to Jews and Greeks repentance toward God, and faith to- 
 w-ard our Lord Jesus Christ. Mark i : 14, 15. Jesus came into Galilee 
 preaching the gospel, and saying. Repent ye and believe the gospel. 
 
 Faith and Obedience. Obedience is an essential element in 
 the exercise and manifestation of Faith or Trust. Paul speaks, Rom. 
 16:26, of "the obedience of faith." Matt. 7:21. Not every one that 
 saith unto Me, Lord, Lord^ shall enter into the kingdom of heaven, 
 but he that doeth the will of My Father. Vs. 24, 25. James 2 : 26. 
 Faith apart from works is dead. Faith begets love. Love begets 
 obedience. Obedience begets Christ-likeness. 
 
 Faith and Temptation. James i : 2, 3. Count it all joy when 
 ye fall (not run or enter willfully) into manifold temptations; know- 
 ing that the proof of your faith worketh patience. XI. 619. i Pet. i : 
 
 6, 7. If need be, ye have been put to grief in manifold temptations, 
 that the proof of your faith might be found unto praise. XI. 646, 647. 
 Luke 22:31, 32. Simon, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift 
 you ; but I made supplication for thee, that thy faith fail not. 
 
 Faith and Grace, and Salvation. Eph. 2: 8. By grace are 
 
 ye saved through faith. XI. 420. Heb. 10:39. Of them that believe 
 to the saving of the soul. XL 595. Gal. 3 : 14. Through Christ we 
 
86 Relations of Faith. 
 
 receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. XI. 399. John 3: 15, 
 36, etc. 
 
 Faith and Adoption, justification and Adoption are the two 
 Law-Relations connected with our redemption. Our introduction into 
 both is by faith, as an essential condition on our part. As our con- 
 demnation is removed (Rom. 8:1) so our rights and privileges oi 
 Childship are restored, and by the same exercise of trust in Christ. 
 John: 1-12. As many as received Him (Christ) to them gave He the 
 right to become children of God, even to them that believe on His 
 name. X. 62. Rom. 8: 14-16. As many as are led by the Spirit of 
 God, they are the sons of God. XI. 2'j6. 
 
 Faith and Sanctification. Acts 26 : i8. Them that are sanc- 
 tified by faith in Mc. XI. 171. Xot only Justification and Adoption 
 demand faith in the Divine Justifier and Father, but all accompanying 
 spiritual blessings are conditioned upon the exercise of faith, em- 
 phatically the Renewing and Refining work of the Holy Spirit which 
 we call Sanctification. 
 
 Faith the Ally of Hope and Love. The Trinity of Abid- 
 ing Graces: i Cor. 13:13. But now abidelh faith, hope, love, these 
 three; and the greatest of these is love. XI. Gal. 5: Faith worketh 
 through love. XI. 406. i Thes. i : 3. Remembering your work of 
 faith and labor of love and patience of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ. 
 XI. 484. The alliance of hope, faith, love and joy, and the issue in 
 salvation : i Pet. i : 3-9. XI. 645-648. 
 
 Faith and Reason, i Pet. 3: 15. Be ready always to give a 
 reason concerning the hope that is in you. XI. 659. 2 Tim. i : 13. 
 Hold fast the pattern of sound words, in faith and love which is in 
 Christ Je.sus. Jude 3. Contend earnestly for the faith. XI. 769. The 
 reasonableness of faith and the reasons for its exercise form the basis 
 of every appeal for faith in the Old Testament and New. Upon t!ie 
 sufficiency of these reasons rests the obligation of our faith, and the 
 consequent responsibility for neglect and failure to heed the Divine 
 demand of trust in God. 
 
 Faith and Sight. Faith in the unseen Christ: John 20:29. 
 Blessed arc they who have not seen, yet have believed. X. 574. i Pet. 
 
Relations of Faith. 87 
 
 1 : 8. Whom having not seen ye love. 2 Cor. 5 : 7. For we walk by 
 faith, not by sight. XI. 362. 
 
 Faith and the Life in Christ. Gal. 2: 19, 20. For i through 
 
 law died to law, that I might live unto God. I have been crucified 
 with Christ, yet I live; and yet no longer I, but Christ liveth in me: 
 and that life which I now live in the flesh I live in faith, the faith 
 which is in the Son of God, Who loved me and gave Himself up for 
 me. XI. 396. 
 
 Faith and Dying. John n : 25, 26. He that believeth on Me, 
 though he xlie, yet shall he live; and whosoever liveth and believeth 
 on Me shall never die. X. 348, 349. Heb. 11 : 13, 14, 16, 33, 35, 37, 39. 
 These all died in faith. Others were beaten to death, not accepting 
 their deliverance, that they might obtain a better resurrection. XL 
 599-602. Of the believer it is said: Prov. 14:32. Hath hope in his 
 death. VI. 327. i Cor. 3:22. Death is yours. XI. 291. 
 
 Faith and the Resurrection. John 6:40. Every one that 
 
 believeth on the Son should have eternal life; and I will raise him up 
 at the last day. X. 252. John 14: 19. Because I live ye shall live also. 
 
 X. 485. I Thes. 4: 14, 17. If we believe that Jesus died and rose 
 again even so them that are fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with 
 Him. XI. 492, 493. Phil. 3:21. Who shall fashion anew the body 
 of our humiliation, that it may be conformed to the body of His glory, 
 
 XI. 461. Rom. 8: 23. Redemption of the body. XI. 238. 
 
 Faith the Essential Condition of Christ's Works of Heal- 
 ing and Help. 
 
 Luke 5:20. Saw their faith. X. 124. ]\Iark 6:5. X. 232. Matt. 
 15:28. Great is thy faith, for this be it unto thee even as thou wilt.. 
 X. 261, 263. Mark 9:23. X. 285. Acts 3:6, 16. XL 27, 28. 
 
 Christ's One Command and Pleading. 
 
 John 14: I. Trust Me. X. 480. Mark 5:36. Only believe. John 
 20 : 27. Be not faithless, but believing. Luke 24 : 25. Slow of heart to 
 believe. Everywhere He asks for loving heart-trust in Him, not mere 
 belief in any statenaent of doctrine concerning Him. 
 
 Examples of Faith. Heb. ii:/i-tt. 17-31. Abel, Enoch. Noah, 
 Abraham, Moses. I. 575-578, 635. Rahab. III. 45» 62-64, XL 596- 
 
88 Relations of Faith. 
 
 602. David. III. 306. Elijah and the Widow, VII. 96, 99, 108, also 
 295. Dan. 3:17, 18. IX. 248. Dan. 6:23. IX. 268, 9. Stephen. 
 Acts 6: 5, and many more, i Cor. 5:6. 2 Tim. i : 12. 
 
 Facts the Foundation of Faith, 
 
 and the ground of God's appeal to men. The Psalmists said, " Come 
 and hear what God hath done," "Taste and see that the Lord is 
 gracious." Christ said to first inquirers, " Come and see." He an- 
 swered John's inquiry by pointing to His works, and His last plea 
 with the disciples was, Believe me for the works' sake. " Things hoped 
 for, things not seen," the basis of the definition of faith. Heb. 11: i. 
 
 Philosophy and Faith. 
 
 The problems of the union of the finite with the infinite, of the 
 reconciliation of a holy God with a sinful race, and of our personal and 
 immortal destiny, which philosophy can only state, the Christian sys- 
 tem solves. The full perception and conviction of this great fact 
 about Christianity would end, and this alone can terminate, the un- 
 natural war between philosophy and faith; for philosophy and faith 
 are set at variance only by sin, and kept in discord only from not 
 seeing Christ as he is! Philosophy and faith! both are from God; 
 the one may descry the end, and the other gives 11s the means; the 
 one states the problems which the other solves ; philosophy shows us 
 the labyrinth, and Christ gives us the clew; the former recognizes the 
 necessity of redemption, the latter gives us the redemption itself. The 
 two at variance ! When every Christian knows, what one has said, 
 that " when we speak the language of the Bible, we speak our mother 
 tongue"; at variance! only when philosophy goes "sounding on its 
 dim and perilous way," averting the heart from him who of God is 
 made unto us wisdom, as well as, and because, righteousness and re- 
 demption; at variance ! only as the light of the sun is at variance with 
 the heat of the sun, or as the light and heat of the great ruler of the 
 day are at variance with the lesser lights that rule the night ; at vari- 
 ance ! only as redemption is at variance with sin, eternity with time, 
 the incarnation with creation, and the God of grace with the God of 
 justice; at variance! ever and only as the solution of a problem is at 
 variance with the problem itself: since all that Christ proposes and 
 (loos is to solve, in a practical, living method, the absorbing problem of 
 the relation of man to God and of sin to redemption. For thi"^ end was 
 he ])orn, and for ibis cause came lie into the world, that he might be the 
 King of the eternal truth. H. B. Smith. 
 
Sanctification. 89 
 
 2. PROCESS OF SANCTIFICATION, OR DAILY RE- 
 NEWAL OF SPIRITUAL LIFE. SECOND CARDI- 
 NAL FACT OF THE HOLY SPIRIT'S AGENCY. 
 
 A preliminary thought touching the 
 
 Continuity of the Renewing or Sanctifying Process. Here 
 also are the same Agents and methods of action, the same demand of 
 God to " work out our own salvation," " to keep ourselves in the love 
 of God" (Jude 21), and the same sure pledge that " God worketh in 
 us to will and to do," Phil. 2: 12; that He will " shed abroad His love 
 in our hearts by the Holy Spirit." Rom. 5 : 5. Here also the same 
 means, the Word of truth, through which we are sanctified. To the 
 Word may be added the ordinances of worship, the opportunities of 
 fellowship, and effects of service, which pertain to the new Christian 
 Life. Worship, Fellowship and Work, like the truths and promises 
 of the Word, not only bring privilege and blessing, but in their daily 
 practice are eminent means of spiritual growth, progress and efficiency, 
 by stimulating all high and holy desires, affections and aims to more 
 vigorous and fruitful exercise and to larsrer results. Furthermore, 
 we know that spiritual life, like all other, is dependent upon its own 
 unceasing energy and productiveness. Jas. 2: 26. Matt. 7: 16; 21 : 20. 
 
 Sanctification. 
 
 Gr. Agiazo, Agiasmos, Setting apart. Separation. For God's in- 
 habitation, control and service. Regeneration is the Divine implant- 
 ing of a new spiritual life. Sanctification is the Divine continuance, 
 increase and development of the new life, in face of the persistent 
 resistance of the previously controlling old, self-seeking and self-in- 
 dulging nature. The former is an act of the Divine Spirit; the latter 
 a process carried on through life, and perfected thereafter. [Justifi- 
 cation is a finished work. Sanctification is a gradual work. In Justi- 
 fication sins are pardoned ; in Sanctification they are subdued. Justi- 
 fication is from guilt; Sanctification is from defilement. H. B. Smith.'] 
 Also XI. 582. Goode. 
 
 Other Scriptural terms, partially equivalent or closely re- 
 lated : 
 
 Renewing. Heh. Chadcsh, Repair. Ps. 51 : 10. Renew a right 
 spirit within me. Heh. Chalaph, Change, Pass on. Isa. 40:3. They 
 that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength. Gr. Anakainoo, 
 
go Sanctification. 
 
 Ananeoomai, Make new again, Renczv again. 2 Cor. 4: 16. Our in- 
 ward man is renewed day by day. Eph. 4: 23. Col. 3: 10. 
 
 Transformation. Rom. 12:2. Transformed by the renewing of 
 your mind. 2 Cor. 3 : 18. Transformed from glory to glory. 
 
 Perfecting, Perfection. Gr. Katartismos, Complete adjustment ; 
 Teleiotcs, Completeness. Eph. 4: 12. Eor the perfecting of the samts. 
 I John 4: 12. God dwelleth in us and His love is perfected in us. 2 
 Cor. 13:9. This wish, even your perfection. Heb. 6:1. Let us go 
 on unto perfection. 
 
 Sanctification or Renewal the Will of God and the 
 Work of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 I Thes. 4:3. 7. This is the will of God, even your sanctification. 
 God called us in sanctification. Heb. 10: 10. By (His) will we are 
 sanctified. 2 Thes. 2: 13, 14. God chose you unto salvation in sanctifi- 
 cation of the Spirit, i Pet. i : 2. Through sanctification of the Spirit. 
 Rom. 15: 16. Sanctified by the Holy Ghost, i Cor. 6:11. Sanctified 
 by the Spirit of God. Eph. 3: 16. Strengthened through His Spirit in 
 the inner man. i Cor. 3: 18. Changed into the same image, by the 
 Spirit of the Lord. Titus 3 : 5. Renewing of the Holy Ghost. Col. 3 : 
 5-10. XL 478. I Thes. 5:23. The God of peace sanctify you wholly, 
 etc. Jude i. Assured, i Sam. 2:9. God will keep the feet of His 
 holy ones. 
 
 Sanctification through Christ's Sacrificial Offering. 
 
 I Cor. 1:2. Sanctified in Christ Jesus, i Cor. 6:11. Sanctified 
 in tlie name of Christ and by the Spirit. 2 Cor. i : 30. Christ Jesus 
 made unto us . . . sanctification. Heb. 13:12. That He might 
 sanctify the people with His own blood. Heb. 10: 10, 14. Sanctified 
 through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. By one 
 offering He hath perfected them that are sanctified. XL 592. Eph. 5: 
 26, 2y. 
 
 Sanctification through Belief in the Truth. John 17:17. 
 
 Sanctify them through Thy truth; Thy Word is truth. 2 Thes. 2: 14. 
 Through belief of the truth, i Pet. i : 22. Ye have purified your souls 
 in obeying the truth. 2 Pet. 1:4. By these (promises) ye may become 
 partakers of the Divine nature. 
 
Sanctification. gi 
 
 The Process of Divine Sanctification from the Human 
 Side. 
 
 As in the Person of Christ, and in the product of Revelation there 
 is a Divine and a human side, so every form of Divine acting in man's 
 behalf has a side of demanded responsive human action. Here, as 
 everywhere, we read a command of God to desire, to purpose and to 
 endeavor to do that which God alone can do. And here, too, the 
 desire, purpose and attempt to fulfill His command is assured of His 
 interposing help to make fulfillment possible and certain. 
 
 The Command of God, in Manifold Forms of Expression. 
 
 I Pet. 3 : 15. Sanctify the Lord God in your hearts. Eph. 4:23. 
 Be ye renewed in the spirit of your mind and put on the new man. 
 Xi 432. Rom. 12 : 2. Be ye transformed by the renewing of your 
 mind. Matt. 5 : 48. Be ye perfect, as your Father in heaven. 2 Cor. 
 13: II. I Thes. 3: 10. Perfect that which is lacking. 2 Cor. 7: t. 
 Perfecting holiness in the fear of God. i Pet. i : 16. (Citing the 
 words of Moses.) Be ye holy, for I am holy, i Tim. 5 : 22. Be pure. 
 
 The Command Obeyed: 
 
 By the exercise of faith in Christ and the unremitting practice of 
 fellowship and communion with God. Acts 26: 18. Sanctified by faith 
 in Me. More particularly, by the daily habitual offering of an open 
 mind and a consecrated heart and will to the sole guidance and abso- 
 lute control of the Spirit of God. The unceasing recognition by the 
 ignorant, weak and tempted believer of the sublime and precious fact 
 of the actual indwelling of the Holy Spirit, together with the glad, 
 restful submission of every thought and feeling, desire and motive, 
 aim and purpose, plan and word and deed, to the Spirit's prompting, 
 ordering and actuating, and this alone, assures the believer's steadfast 
 progress in the Divine process of sanctification. And this vital prac- 
 tical point, above almost every other, demands the believer's thought- 
 ful consideration, and responsive action day by day, if he would be 
 " renewed in the inner man day by day " by the Holy Spirit. 
 
 Increasing Sanctification the Sole Evidence of Ad- 
 vancing Spiritual Life and the Sole Force of Expanding 
 Fruitfulness in the Christian Life. It Alone Realizes the 
 Supreme Assurance of God's Indwelling. 
 
 As Sanctification is a progressive Divine process, carrying on- 
 ward, deepening and expanding the spiritual life, so an increasing 
 
9 2 Sanctification. 
 
 measure of holiness is the sole evidence of spiritual growth, as it is 
 the sole source and energy of enlarging fruitfulness in the Christian 
 life. Yet it should ever be borne in mind, as stated above, that the 
 sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit is always vitally connected with 
 the truth revealed, and conditioned upon the believer's heartfelt re- 
 ception and obedience to the truth unfolded by the Spirit. 
 
 To the spiritually growing and fruitful believer, who habitually 
 welcomes and earnestly searches the Word, and hcartilv accepts the 
 guidance and teaching of the Spirit, to the steadfast Christian disciple 
 who thus seeks after increasing holiness of heart and purity of life, 
 are uttered the strong, sweet, encouraging and assuring pledges of the 
 Divine Indwelling. John 14: 21. He that keepeth My commandments, 
 he it is that loveth Me, and I will manifest Myself unto him. Vs. 23. 
 Ha man love Me, he will keep My word; and My Father will love 
 him. and We will come unto him and make Our abode with him. John 
 15: 3, 4. Ye are clean because of the word which I have spoken unto 
 you. Abide in Me and I in you. Rom. 8:9. Ye are not in the flesh, 
 but in the spirit, if so be that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you. I 
 Cor. 3: 16. \e are a temple of God, and the Spirit of God dwelleth 
 in you. 2 Tim. i : 14. Guard through the Holy Ghost which dwelleth 
 in us. Eph. 3: 17. Christ dwells in your hearts by faith. Col. 1:27. 
 Christ in you, the hope of glory. To realize this Indwelling of God, 
 the Father, the Son and the Holy Ghost, to rest upon it, and respon- 
 sively to desire and seek the In-jjorking of the Holy Spirit, day by 
 day and hour by hour, is the simple but assured method of imceasing 
 progress in sanctification, or holy and fruitful living. Through this 
 ever welcomed Divine indwelling, and ever longed-for Divine inwork- 
 ing it is that " our inward man is renewed day by day " (2 Cor. 4 : 16). 
 Job 17:9. Wax stronger and stronger. VI. 103, 4. XI. 689. Goode. 
 
 Perfection, or Complete Sanctification. 
 
 Manifestly this includes: an unfailing regard and obedience to 
 the Divine Law of Love in its utmost detail; an unintermitting exer- 
 cise of the graces of the Spirit, and a never-ceasing fruitage from 
 those graces in daily living; and an attained character of likeness to 
 Christ, that is, a perfect responsiveness and unison of thought, desire, 
 affection and will with Him. Manifestly, too, according to the testi- 
 mony of Scripture, such perfected union of the believer with Christ 
 has never been realized on earth. " Not that I am already perfect." 
 is the confession of the most intelligent and saintly apostle of the 
 Lord, written in old age. twenty-six years after his conversion and 
 six years before his death. " But," he adds, " I press on that I may 
 
Sanctification. 93. 
 
 apprehend that for which I am apprehended by Christ Jesus." To 
 make the confession more clear and impressive he repeats it: " Breth- 
 ren, I count not myself yet to have apprehended; but, forgetting the 
 things which are behind and stretching forward to the things which 
 are before, I press on toward the goal unto the prize of the high 
 (upward) calling of God in Christ Jesus." And then he invites all 
 saints to like experience and godly living: " Let us therefore, as many 
 as (would) be perfect, be thus minded" (Phil. 3:12-15). XL 458. 
 Thus Paul interprets the one command of God in the whole Scripture : 
 " be holy," " be perfect," " be renewed," " be transformed by the re- 
 newing of your mind," " go on unto perfection." XL 574, 6. 683. Ac- 
 cording to the plain testimony and teaching of Paul, in harmony with 
 that of the wisest and purest examples of saintly character in both 
 Testaments, this great and oft-repeated command is obeyed by the 
 believer's supreme aim and unceasing effort to press onward and up- 
 ward toward the perfect Life. 
 
 So it is that while we may not say that perfection is niiatfainable 
 in this life, the trend of the entire Scripture teaching produces and 
 strongly emphasizes the positive conviction that it never has been 
 attained. And the Scripture assigns and deals largely with one in- 
 superable reason why it is not attained, namely, the uneradicated 
 power of the remaining " old " nature and its continued conflicts with 
 the " new " so long as the believer abides in the flesh. See XL 459. 
 1st note. 478. vs. 5-10. 
 
 Li complete accord with the Scriptural meaning of Perfection as 
 given above, should be interpreted the 
 
 Old and New Testament Assertions of Integrity and 
 
 blameless living, made by and in behalf of a few individuals. There 
 is here no claim of sinless character and life, but of a believer's true 
 and honest purpose and endeavor to honor the law of God and to 
 meet the demands of duty to man. A reference to the texts and com- 
 ment makes this clear. Ps. 17:3. IV. 126, 127. Ps. 18:21-23. I^'- 
 140. Ps. 26: I, J I. I have walked, I will walk in my integrity. IV. 
 200-202. Ps. 32:2. IV. 239. Ps. 37:37. IV. 283. Ps. 41: 12. Thou 
 upholdest me in my integrity. Ps. 101:2. V. 171. Ps. 119: 121, 122. 
 V. 338. Prov. 20:7. Job i: 1-8. VI. 18. Job 2:3. VI. 25. Job 10: 
 7. VI. 69. Job 23: 10, II. VI. 135. Job 27: 5, 6. VI. 145. Isa. 38:3. 
 Gen. 6:9. I. 235. Gen. 7: i. 
 
 Perfection, or Complete Sanctification is Attained in 
 
 the Presence of Christ, i John 3 : 2. We shall be like Him, for 
 
p4 Redemption. 
 
 we shall see Him even as He is. Jude 24. Him that is able to keep 
 you from falling, and to present you faultless before the presence of 
 His glory with exceeding joy. 
 
 For summary of the Spirit's Agency, read pages T,y, 38, 
 under heading: The Holy Spirit applies and makes effective 
 Christ's Redeeming Work. 
 
 We conclude study of the Redemptive Work of Christ 
 and the Holy Spirit with brief treatment of the general Topics: 
 REDEMPTION and SALVATION. 
 
 REDEMPTION; REDEEMER; REDEEM. Hcb., Gaal, 
 Fiidali, to free or become freed, by avenging or repaying. Gr., Liitroo, 
 io loose by a price, deliver. Agorazo, to buy. Also RANSOM, 
 Heb., Padah, to free. Kopher, a covering. 
 
 Redemption or Deliverance, and the Redeemer or Deliverer, in- 
 clude the scope and substance of the Old and New Testament Religion. 
 IX. 594. Redemption or Deliverance from bondage first applied to 
 the deliverance of Israel from Egypt as a basis of claim for obedience. 
 Ex. 20:2. II. 2/, 28, 157, 158. Afterward to subsequent deliverances 
 from other nations upon condition of obedience. The external de- 
 liverance always prefigured and pointed forward to a spiritual deliver- 
 ance and obedience. Ps. 19: 14. IV. 158. Ps. 49:8, 15. IV. 350, 352. 
 Ps. 77: 15. V. 37. Ps. 111:9. V. 244. Ps. 130: 7, 8. V. 403, 404. Isa. 
 43:1. Isa. 47:4. VIII. 246. Isa. 49:26. VIII. 261. Isa. 63:9, 16. 
 VIII. 366-368. Jcr. 50:34. VIII. 580. 
 
 Redemption Comprehensively Regarded. 
 
 . A term that includes all the processes and results of human salva- 
 tion. On the causal side, it comprises the Sacrificial and Intercessory 
 Office-Work of Christ, and the Regenerating and Sanctifying Work 
 of the Holy Spirit. On the side of effects it includes the results 
 wrought for the soul in its pardon, justification and adoption, and 
 7vitliin the soul in its new creation, purification and increasing likeness 
 to God. And these effects are finally made complete by " the redemp- 
 tion of the body," i.e., its resurrection in the likeness of Christ's glori- 
 fied body unto an immortal life. 
 
Redemption. 95 
 
 Specifically and Mainly. 
 
 In the New Testament the word Redemption refers to the entire 
 work of Christ in our deliverance from the guilt, the penalty, the 
 power and all the hurtful consequences of sin. The chief passage is 
 I Cor. I : 30. Its points are these : Christ is our Wisdom because as 
 a Prophet He reveals the love of God in the device of a gracious salva- 
 tion from sin and condemnation. Christ is our Righteousness, because 
 as a High Priestly Offerer and Offering to God in our behalf. He 
 restores us to right relations with God and His Law of holiness and 
 love, and thus secures our restoration to favor and childship with 
 God. Christ is our Sanctification, because as a subduing and inruling 
 King He guides and prompts us to, and works within us, a new obedi- 
 ence and consecration to the will and service of God. And as the 
 final and consummate result of these three Offices, achieving for us 
 complete and abiding deliverance from sin and all its evil, " Christ 
 is made unto us Redemption." Heb. 9: 12. Obtained eternal redemp- 
 tion for us. This redemption applies even to our bodies. Rom. 8: 23. 
 Waiting for the redemption of our body. Hos. 13 : 14. I will ransom 
 from the grave. IX. 376, 377. i Cor. 15: 52. Phil. 3: 12. Who shall 
 fa:,hion anew the body of our humiliation. 
 
 New Testament Texts. 
 
 Luke 1 : 6. Wrought redemption for His people. Matt. 20: 26. To 
 give His life a ransom for many, i Cor. 6:20. Ye are bought with 
 a price. Gal. 3 : 13. Christ hath redeemed us. Gal. 4:5. To redeem 
 them that were under the law. Eph. i : 7. In whom we have redemp- 
 tion through His blood. Titus 2: 14. To redeem us from all iniquity. 
 I Pet. I : 18. Redeemed with the precious blood of Christ. 2 Pet. 2 : i. 
 Denying the Lord that bought them. Rev. 5 : 9. Hast redeemed us to 
 God by Thy blood. Rev. 14 : 3. Redeemed from the earth. 
 
 Character and Future of the Redeemed. 
 
 The redeemed .of the Lord a holy people. Isa. 62: 12. VHI. 361. 
 362. Isa. 35: 9, 10 and 51: 11. The redeemed shall walk there; and 
 the ransomed of the Lord shall return, etc. VIII. 176, 177, 269. 
 
 For other points and comment see Top. An., p. 438, 9. 
 
gt) Salvation. 
 
 SALVATION, Hcb., Safety, Deliverance; Gr. Safety, Sound- 
 ness. 
 
 Chief Scriptural Significance may be variously expressed: 
 
 1. Deliverance from the Condemnation Pronounced by 
 the Lraw of God upon tlie unholy oil'cndcr. that is, Lxoniplion from 
 the punishment and misery consequent on sin. The " no condemna- 
 tion " of Rom. 8: i suggests in a negative form the meaning of salva- 
 tion, and carries a very large and blessed meaning as the context 
 shows. It includes the pardon, remission, cleansing and delivering 
 from sin. 
 
 2. Restoration to Likeness, to Favor, to Childship, and 
 to Fellowship with God, adds to the reacli and comfort of its 
 meaning. Herein is comprised the Divine process of regeneration, 
 or new creation, and of assimilation to the image of God, and the 
 Divine Adoption, or restored childship, with its high privileges and 
 satisfying experiences of intimate communion. 
 
 3. Eternal Life Begun, still further expands and :ompletes 
 the significance of the golden word " Salvation." 
 
 Salvation the Free Gift of God, through Grace. 
 
 It is an unearned gift of life to one who is received as a child, 
 while condemnation, or death, is the earned wages of a bond slave 
 to sin. Rom. 6:23. The wages of sin is death, but the free gift of 
 God is eternal life. Eph. 2:8, 10. By grace have ye been saved: and 
 that (salvation) not of yourselves; it is the gift of God. For we are 
 His workmanship. Titus 2: 11. The grace of (^od bringeth salvation. 
 O. T. Ps. 3:8; 27 : I ; 35:3; 37 : 40 ; 62 : i , 2 ; 68 : 19, 20 ; 85 : 7 : 98 : 
 2, 3; 119:41. Isa. 12:2. Isa. 45:22. Look unto Me and be ye 
 saved. VIII. 240. 
 
 The Gift of God in His Son Christ Jesus, the Lord and 
 the Saviour of Men. 
 
 Rom. 6:^3. 'riic free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus 
 our Lord. Eph. 2: 10. We are His workmanship created in Christ 
 Jesus for good works. Matt, i : 21. Jesus shall save His people from 
 
Salvation. 07 
 
 their sins. John 3:17. The world through Him might be saved. 
 John 10: 9. By Me he shall be saved. Matt. 18: 11. The Son of Man 
 came to save, i Tim. i : 15. Christ Jesus came into the world to save 
 sinners. Heb. 7:25. Able to save to the uttermost. Acts 4:12. 
 None other name under heaven; whereby we must be saved. Acts 
 5:31. Him God exalted *to be a Prince and a Saviour. See also: 
 Isa. 43:11. Isa. 59:16. Isa. 60:16. Hos. 13:4. Zeph. 3:17. Zech. 
 9 : 9. Rom. 5 : 9. Saved from wrath through Him. Heb. 5:9. He 
 became unto all them that obey Him the author of eternal salvation. 
 Titus 3: 5. According to His mercy He saved us through the washing 
 of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Ghost, which He poured 
 upon- us richly through Jesus Christ our Saviour. XI. 550, 551. 2 Cor. 
 5 : 19. God was in Christ reconciling the world unto Himself. 
 
 Conditioned upon Faith and Repentance (Metanoia) 
 Attested by Good Works or Obedient and Godly Living. 
 
 Eph. 2:5, 8, 10. By grace have ye been saved, through faith. 
 Created in Christ Jesus unto good works. Acts 16: 31. Believe in the 
 Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved. Rom. 10:9. H thou con- 
 fess with thy mouth Jesus as Lord, and shalt believe in thine heart 
 that God raised Him from the^dead, thou shalt be saved. Mark i : 15. 
 Repent and believe. Luke 13:3, 5. Acts 26:20. Isa. 30:15. In 
 returning shall be saved. Ps. 34 : 18. Saveth such as be of a contrite 
 spirit. Heb. 10:39. Believe to the saving of the soul, i Pet. 1:5. 
 Kept through faith unto salvation. 2 Cor. 7: 10. Godly sorrow work- 
 eth repentance unto salvation. Ps. 50:23. To him that ordereth his 
 conversation, or life, aright will I show My salvation. IV. 362. Phil. 
 2: 12. Work out your own salvation with fear. 
 
 The Gospel God's Instrument in Salvation. 
 
 Rom. 1 : 16. The gospel is the power of God unto salvation to 
 every one that believeth. Eph. i : 13. The word of truth, the gospel 
 of your salvation. In vs. 12-14 we have steps in the history of a 
 saved soul. Ye heard the word — ye believed — ye were sealed with 
 the Holy Spirit of promise, unto the praise of His glory, i Cor. i : 18. 
 The word of the cross- is unto us who are being saved the power of 
 God. 2 Tim. 3: 15. The sacred writings which are able to make thee 
 wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. James i :. 
 21. The ingrafted word which is able to save your souls. 
 7 
 
98 Salvation. 
 
 Salvation the Costly Fruit of Divine Love; its Cost 
 the Passion of the Son of God. 
 
 The central and vital fact of ail Divine action and disclosure was 
 the shedding of His precious life-blood for the race of sinful and 
 condemned men. His voluntary surrender of life for life we find 
 symbolized in the Old Testament Sacrifice. This was signally em- 
 phasized and unfolded in the ritual of Moses, of which we read the 
 key word in Ex. 12: 13, 21-24. When I see the blood I will pass over, 
 n. 632-635. The death of Christ for sinners is the theme and the 
 end of all New Testament teaching; the chief and ultimate point of 
 thought suggested by the words and deeds of Christ, and by the 
 preaching, the letters and the lives of His apostles. 
 
 Salvation Begins and is Assured at Regeneration and 
 Conversion. 
 
 l>oin tlic moment when the Holy Spirit re-creates, and the S4n- 
 ner. under the Divine wooing, reverses his heart and life course by 
 returning to God, he is saz'cd. Once held by the hand of God, he is 
 " kept by the power of God, through faith, unto salvation," and " none 
 can pluck him away from that Divine loving hand." His life is noio 
 " hid with Christ in God." " You hath He quickened who were dead," 
 " Christ is in you, the hope of glory," " Ye are the children of (jod," 
 " He that hath the Son Jiath life," " now is the day of salvation " — 
 these and many like declarations require the believer humbly yet 
 boldly to affirm with Paul. " I know whom I have believed, and He 
 will keep that which I have committed unto Him. Or he may con- 
 fidently say with John. " We kiiozv the love that God hath to us." With 
 this imbedded conviction of a present salvation ever dominant within, 
 the heart and the life of every Christian believer would be steadily 
 and greatly enlarged, enriched and made more fruitful and blessed. 
 
 No Future Salvation Disclosed in the Word of God. 
 
 " Xozi' is the day of salvation," "God commands all men nozc 
 to repent," " How can ye escape if ye neglect so great salvation ? " 
 " The harvest is passed, the summer is ended, and we are not saved " 
 (ler. 8:20. VIII. 437). These and many kindred expressions aro 
 expanded and confirmed by innumerable entreaties, warnings and 
 promises, all limited to tlu- " now." and by many references to a com- 
 ing future of incjuisition and judgment, wlun " there is n(» work, 
 nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom," when " he that is unrighteous 
 
Salvation. gg 
 
 shall do unrighteousness still," when each shall " receive the things 
 done in the body, according to what he hath done, whether it be good 
 or bad." 
 
 Salvation Provided for, Proffered to, and Pressed 
 upon. All Men. 
 
 2 Cor. 5: 19. God was in Christ, reconciHng the world unto Him- 
 self. I Tim. 2:4. Who will have all men to be saved. However 
 weak, ignorant, depraved, every man hath an ear to hear the Divine 
 message, " Come unto Me," and a heart that can appreciate the truth 
 and tenderness of the Son of God. The only inability lies in his own 
 persistent unwillingness. " Ye will not come to Me, that ye may have 
 Hfe." 
 
 [The " unspeakable gift " of Salvation was procured through the 
 costly sacrifice of Redemption. Redemption, purposed and planned in 
 Eternal Counsels, the Word Revealed declares to be the chiefest work 
 and delight and the highest glory of the Infinite Godhead. It is the 
 lasting joy of angels, the supreme hope and blessedness of men and 
 the abiding moral bond of the ever enduring Empire of God over the 
 Spiritual Universe. 
 
 As the theatre of this Redemption, our world is honored above 
 all worlds. Though in itself an obscure corner of creation, it is made 
 the center of the highest interest. A moral force is gathering in it to 
 uphold the universe in love and obedience. It is heaven's laboratory, 
 in which are worked ,out the great principles which are to exist in and 
 rule God's kingdom. It is the battle-field of the universe, on which 
 holiness and sin, truth and error, life and death, Christ and Satan 
 wage their one great and decisive warfare. For more than sixty 
 centuries has the conflict raged already, and it will continue to rage 
 we know not how long. And who can conceive the extent of the in- 
 terests at stake in this warfare? The honor of God, the maintenance 
 of law and order and the happiness of all worlds are involved. Our 
 highest conceptions of the grandeur and importance of this contest 
 fall amazingly short of the reality. There is a breadth of purpose, a 
 depth of meaning, a height of glory and a fullness of love and blessing 
 in this work of Redemption, which eternal ages will hardly disclose. 
 Anon.'] 
 
lOO Law of God. 
 
 TOPICS VITALLY RELATED TO AND MORE FULLY 
 UNFOLDING THE MIND AND HEART AND 
 WILL OF GOD IN HIS REDEMPTIVE DEAL- 
 INGS WITH MAN. 
 
 LAW OF GOD. PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING HIS 
 MORAL GOVERNMENT EXPLAINING AND EN- 
 FORCING HIS RIGHTEOUS DEMAND OF OBE- 
 DIENCE, LOVE AND SERVICE. 
 
 How we Reach the Idea of Law, and of its Origin and 
 Source in God. 
 
 Upon all movements in the known Universe, material and spir- 
 itual, appears the manifest impress and active energy of a principle 
 of order in the sequence of events and effects, a principle which acts 
 uniformly in determining and producing all events and effects. To 
 this principle in its application to nature and to moral beings we give 
 the comprehensive name of Law. Behind this Law, or principle of 
 orderly and determining action, manifestly stands an intelligent and 
 powerful Agent, i.e., an Almighty, Self-Existent, Personal Being who 
 has created and controls the universe of matter and spirit. .From 
 these simple, obvious truths we not only derive the radical meaning 
 of Law, but the fact of a Personal Originator and Source of Law 
 itself, as well as of the material and spiritual creation upon which this 
 Law is unchangeably impressed. In plainer words, we discern in the 
 outstanding fact of a uniformly acting and surely determining prin- 
 ciple of order in the known universe, a supreme Law-giver, who is 
 at the same time Creator, Upholder and Sovereign Controller. Thus 
 it appears that God has established Law, or an immanent principle 
 of order, as the basis of His rule over the Universe which He has 
 created and controls. 
 
 Further, as the Created universe comprises two widely difi'cring 
 creations, two worlds of matter and spirit, differentiated by the words, 
 on the one side, " material and perishable." and on the other, " spir- 
 itual and imperishable " because intelligent, susceptible, responsible 
 and immortal, so of necessity a wide difference is demanded in the 
 character and working of the Laws to which they are subjected and 
 by which they are controlled. And thus we find the essential distinc- 
 tion and division of Law into Natural or Physical, and Moral or 
 
Nature of the Law. loi 
 
 Spiritual. Concerning Natural Law, as pertaining directly to Crea- 
 tion and indirectly to Providence, we refer to its proper place in our 
 study of Biblical themes. 
 
 The Moral or Spiritual Law of God, the Law which He has 
 established over the Universe of created Spirits, is the present sub- 
 ject for consideration. Coiiccniiiig iJiis Lazv the folloicing points 
 call for statement and emphasis: 
 
 1. The Nature of the Moral and Spiritual Law of God. 
 
 The marked outlines of that Law we find first embodied in the 
 " Ten Words " of Jehovah, uttered and inscribed at Sinai. In the 
 Ten Commandments the Moral Law is mainly conveyed (from neces- 
 sity as to its apprehension) in the indirect and negative form of pro- 
 hibition. The First Table says : Thou shalt not worship any God but 
 the true Jehovah, nor worship Him under any visible emblem. Thou 
 shalt not treat His Name, i.e., Himself, with irreverence. Thou shalt 
 holily observe His appointed Day of Rest and Worship. But Moses, 
 who received the Tables on which God had Himself inscribed the 
 Law, subsequently interpreted in their positive form the broad, deep 
 spiritual meaning of these Commands of the First Table respecting 
 man's supreme relation and duty to God. He said, Hear, O Israel! 
 The Lord our God is one Lord: and thou shalt love the Lord thy 
 God zvith all thine heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy might! 
 Deut. 6 : 4, 5. H. 202-217. Christ Himself repeats, confirms and em- 
 phasizes this great and vital declaration; adding. This i-i the great and 
 first commandineiit., Matt. 22:37, S^- N. 430. This is chief, then, of 
 the two elements of the Moral Law spoken directly by Jehovah at 
 Sinai; and not only chief, but inclusive of the Second, its only source 
 and impulse. "A second like unto it," said Christ, is this, " Thou shalt 
 love thy neighbor as thyself." The last Five of the Ten Command- 
 ments embodies the spirit of this " Second " of Christ, also in nega- 
 tive or prohibitive form. These Five, too, expressly refer to external 
 acts, which evince the temper, motive and spirit of the actor. To this 
 actuating spirit the " second command " of Christ is directly ad- 
 dressed : " Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Here, too, though 
 the fact is strangely overlooked by many who fail to apprehend the 
 radical spirituality of the Old Testament teaching, Christ's interpre- 
 tation of the Second Table is only a repetition and confirmation of 
 the identical words of- Moses to Israel, Lev. 19: 18. See Com]m.\nd- 
 MENTS, Top. An., p. 92, 3. 
 
 Furthermore, in harmony with Moses and Christ we read the 
 didactic statement of Paul: Rom. 13:10. Love is the fulfillment of 
 
I02 Reach and Minuteness of the Law. 
 
 the law; and i 'lini. 1:5. The end of the commandment is love, out 
 of a pure heart and a good conscience and faith unfeigned. XI. 506. 
 
 The One Essential Requirement, then, of the Moral Law is Love, 
 Supreme Affection and Devotion to God, and under the impulse of 
 this, love to man, as the image of God. Love, all-inclusive in its con- 
 trolling effect upon the thoughts, desires, aims and acts, whether con- 
 cerning God or man, this is the single essential element which con- 
 stitutes full obedience, cnm'^Vto self- •■'"warding response to the Law 
 of God. And this is enough to verify the Scripture characterizations 
 of its nature, as " holy, just, and p^ood." as the " Royal law, the perfect 
 law of liberty," for love in its own large nature embodies all these, 
 holiness, justice, goodness and liberty. Of this royal, perfect Law 
 of Love it may be said, no thought of man can reach its height of 
 grandeur, its breadth of reach and power of blessing, its depth of 
 sweetness, and its exceeding loveliness and beauty. Of this Law 
 Hooker said, " Her seat is the bosom of God, and her voice the har- 
 mony of the world. Both angels and men, though each in different 
 sort and manner, with i.iiiform consent admire her as the mother 
 of their peace and joy.'' 
 
 We note in passing, as a Corollary of the above, that the very 
 terms and substance of the Law of God. as Love, prove assuredly that 
 His Law is not a mere decretive enactment of His Will, but a requi- 
 sition as well as a revelation of His heart. 
 
 Read Top. An., p. 493, last note. 
 
 2. The Broad Reach and Extreme Minuteness of the 
 Spiritual Law. 
 
 This Law of Supreme, All-inclusive Love, having its source and 
 energy in the Eternal God, is now, ever has been, and ever will be 
 the guiding and controlling principle of the Divine Administration in 
 His Sjjiritual I^npire, on earth and in heaven, over angels and over 
 men. Ps. 103:20. Ve angels of His: ye mighty in strength, that 
 fulfill His word, hearkening unto the voice of His word. V. 186. Ps. 
 119: 96. Thy commandment is exceeding broad. V. 326-328. Through 
 the Law comes to the race of sinful men the knowledge of God as 
 holy, just, good and loving. Through the Law comes the knowledge 
 of man as sinful, condemned, helpless and hopeless. Rom. 3:2. By 
 the law is the knowledge of sin. Through the Law comes the knowl- 
 edge of Christ and Redemption from sin and condemnation. Gal. 3: 
 24. The law hath been our schoolmaster to bring us unto Christ. 
 
 Minutene.<:s of its .Searcli and Application. Ilcb. 4: 12. The word 
 
Sanctions of the Law. 103 
 
 of God (the Law which is its subject) is quick to discern the thoughts 
 and intents of the heart. Ps. IQ-.H-M- By them is thy servant 
 warned, etc. IV. 154-158. . / r , t > 
 
 Tames 2- 10. Whosoever shall stumble in one point (of the Laws 
 requirements) he is become guilty of all. The principle of obedience 
 and the penalty of disobedience apply with as full force to one offense 
 as to many. A sad and sufficient illustration we read in the Fall of 
 Eve and Adam. See Reading, X. 429- 30- 
 
 [If we offend in one point we are guilty of all. First, because 
 of the unity of the zvill from zvhich the sin goes out; the whole man 
 is engacred in it. Second, on account of the unity of the lazv against 
 zvhidi the sin proceeds; it is the law taken as a whole that is violated. 
 Third, on account of the unity of the moral nature upon zohich sin 
 recoils- it is the whole moral nature that is injured. Fourth, on ac- 
 count of the unity of a man's record which the stain of sin despoils; 
 it is the whole record that is tarnished. F. F. Emerson.-] 
 
 3. The Fact, Basis and Character of its Sanctions. 
 
 Since all its lumian subjects have broken the Law, and the Law 
 itself provides for no pardon, it can have no other sanction save the 
 penalty adjudged to transgressors. It must unqualifiedly condemn 
 all who knozvingly and zvillfully disobey its high mandates, or it must 
 annul itself Be it further noted, that the basis of its penalty lies not 
 in any desire, or even mere will, of the Divine Moral Ruler and Law- 
 cxiver to inflict punjshment upon transgressors. It rests upon the 
 actual bearing and certain effect of transgression upon the Divinely 
 established order of the Moral Universe. The upholding of this es- 
 tablished order is essential, not only to the harmony and stability of 
 God's Spiritual Empire, but to its very existence and continuance. 
 Of this vast, holy Empire, the Law of God is the bond, the funda- 
 mental vital 'principle which holds it in being and perpetuates its liv- 
 m<r energy. The unpunished breach of this binding Law, therefore, 
 must lead' to the ultimate disruption and extinction of the Holy So- 
 ciety of which God is the vital Head, and to His dethronement from 
 Supreme Kingly Headship. 
 
 Hence the necessity of a sanction or penalty, plainly pronounced 
 and surely to be inflicted by the Law of God, proportioned in its 
 awfulness and severity to the magnitude and extent of the interests 
 at stake in the Moral Universe. The holy Law must be inexorable 
 in the visiting of severest penalty, or the holy Community of which 
 it is the vital bond must itself be disrupted and destroyed. Hence its 
 
I04 Law and Justification — Grace. 
 
 sentence of death, called " the second death," including the final utter 
 deprivation of all that can impart peace, rest and happiness to the 
 immortal spirit. Ezek. 18:4. The soul that sinneth shall die. Rom. 
 6:23. The wages of sin is death. Rev. 20: 14. The second death. 
 
 Nor, on account of this fearful sentence, is the Law of God the 
 less a Law of Love. For it is the Divine Love, the all-inclusive ele- 
 ment of the Divine Character, which supremely demands and exacts 
 penalty for willful, defiant transgression. We set down this demand 
 and exaction to the account of Justice and Righteousness. Rut these 
 are only differing aspects and names of Love. Love, as Law, is 
 eternal and universal in its reach and sway. It cannot be changed 
 in its pure nature, nor swerved from its high and holy aims and ends. 
 It cannot righteously e.xtcnd favor to the offender, who stands self- 
 condemned, helplessly without excuse, in himself without justification, 
 merit, or offering, before the bar of an adjudging Law. 
 
 But the Divine Love has revealed to us another side, another and 
 new relation to sinners of our human race, a side of Grace, a relation 
 and attitude of Mercy, with a blessed Plan of Divine Intervention. 
 The same Divine Love from which the Law proceeds. Himself has 
 intervened to satisfy the Law's demand for penalty against those who 
 have despised its high imperatives of righteousness, truth and purity. 
 in the service of God. This leads us to consider 
 
 4. The Law of God as Related to the Death of Christ, 
 or, Law and Justification. 
 
 For comprehensive treatment of this point, read pp. 57-62. \\c 
 cite a few leading texts: Rom. 8: 1-4. What the law could not do, in 
 that it was weak through the flesh, God, sending His own Son in the 
 likeness of sinful flesh, and as an offering for sin, condemned sin in 
 the flesh, that the ordinance of the law might be fulfilled in us, who 
 walk after the spirit. Rom. 10:4. For Christ is the end of the law 
 for righteousness to every one that believeth. Gal. 3: 13. 24. Christ 
 redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us. 
 The law hath been our tutor to bring us unto Christ, that we might 
 be justified by faith. Gal. 4:4. 5. God sent forth His Son. born of a 
 woman, born under the law, that He might redeem them that were 
 under the Law. 
 
 5. Law and Grace. Presented from Two Standpoints. 
 
 (i) As Connected with Practical Christian Living. 
 
 Rom. 6: 14, 15. " For sin shall not have dominion over vou ; for ye 
 
Law and Adoption. 105 
 
 are not under law, but under grace." As justified believers, against 
 whom the law has no longer a sentence of condemnation, the law's 
 place as accuser and judge is vacated. Grace, represented by the 
 Father, watches for approval or disapproval, and summons to grate- 
 ful thanksgiving or to childlike sorrow and confession. " What then? 
 shall we sin because we are not under law, but under grace? God 
 forbid." The gratitude and peace resulting from deliverance by grace 
 from the law's condemnation, as well as the remembered misery caused 
 by past transgression, strongly constrain the forgiven soul to earnest 
 avoidance and resistance of sin. But the statement of Paul touching 
 our new life goes far deeper in the thirteen preceding verses. By our 
 faith in Christ and appropriation of His work, we become personally 
 identified with Him, in His death, burial and resurrection. Our faith 
 crucifies self and puts sin to death. So from henceforth we have a 
 new principle of life. And this deliverance from the old bondage 
 of sin. this emancipation from the condemning power of the Law, is 
 all of grace. See i Tim. i : 8, 9. XL 506. 
 
 [The law says, " Do these things and live," but the language of 
 the gospel is, " Live, and do these things." The gospel declares that 
 we are saved, not by our works, but before our works. Conquered by 
 gratitude, the believer is seized with a desire to do everything for Him 
 who hath first loved him and given Himself for him. The law will 
 become to him more dear and sacred. But he will observe it in an- 
 other spirit— as the law of love, as the law of a Father and a Saviour. 
 A. Vinet.] ' 
 
 (2) Law and Grace as United in the Cross and upon the 
 Throne. 
 
 This double union is beautifully referred to by the Psalmist. Ps. 
 85:10. IMercy and truth are met together; righteousness and peace 
 have kissed each other. V. 77-79. Ps. 89 : 14. Righteousness and judg- 
 ment are the foundation of Thy throne; mercy and truth go before 
 Thy face. V. 98: Ps. 101:1. I will sing of mercy and judgment : unto 
 Thee, O Lord, will I sing praises. V. 170, 171. And John, in the 
 Apocalypse (15:3), shows that the relation is recognized in the 
 heavenly worship: and they sing the song of Moses the servant of 
 God, and the Song of the Lamb. He had before testified in his Gospel, 
 " The lav/ was given by IMoses ; grace and truth came by Jesus Christ." 
 
 6. Law and Adoption. 
 
 Adoption, or Restored Filial Relations with God, is an essential 
 sequence, a vital and inexpressibly precious result of Justification; 
 
io6 Law and Faith. 
 
 and it has a precisely similar relation to the Law. Both the precedent 
 gracious act of pronouncing free from guilt and condemnation, and 
 the subsequent gracious act of re-admission to childship with God, 
 are prompted by and flow from Christ's redeeming Self-Offering. And 
 both are conditioned upon the exercise of faith in and penitent glad 
 acceptance of Christ. One affects the place or standing of the be- 
 liever; the other his personal condition and inmost experiences. 
 One sets the believer in a position of accepted standing before the 
 Law and of Divine approval. The other bestows the result of that 
 standing and approval, a reinstatement of the justified spirit into all 
 the rights and privileges of a child in the heart and household of God. 
 In thus interpreting the relation between Law and Adoption, wc 
 simply give a full exposition to two passages, which elsewhere find 
 ample support and confirmation: Gal. 3: 26 and 4:4, 5. God sent forth 
 His Son, born of a woman, born under the law, that He might redeem 
 them that were under the law. that we migli't receive the adoption of 
 sons. For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. 
 John 1 : 12. As many as received Him, to them gave He the right 
 to become children of God, even to them that believe on His name. 
 
 7. Law and Faith. Relation of the Law to the Be- 
 liever. 
 
 This is plainly stated by Paul: Rom. 3:31. Do we make the law 
 of none effect through faith? God forbid: nay, we establish the law. 
 XI. 210. Again he says: Rom. 8:4. That the righteousness of the 
 law might be fulfilled in us, who walk not after the flesh, but after 
 the spirit. XL 234. Hence, and this is a conclusion of intense prac- 
 tical worth, the believer is bound, even more strongly than before he 
 believed, to the fulfillment of the law of God, as set forth by Moses 
 and by Christ. But he is now bound to it simply as a rule of life, 
 not, as before, as a covenant with sanctions of life or death. For, 
 as we learned above, with this original character and working of law 
 the believer no longer has to do, since he " is no longer under law but 
 under grace." Yet it should be emphasized, as a rule of daily living 
 his obligation to obedience is intensified by gratitude for deliverance, 
 and also by the fact that through obedience alone are faith, peace and 
 purity maintained and increased. Eph. 2:10. XL 421. 
 
 To put this matter compactly and plainly from Paul's full state- 
 ment: Christ died under the law for our sin. He magnified the law 
 by dying as a sacrifice for sin. We, by faith in Him. die unto sin, 
 nnd consef|ucntly we also magnify the law as Christ did. and the 
 
Law and Love. 107 
 
 law remains in force as a rule of conduct. We are freed from its 
 condemnation but not from its authority, because by our dying unto 
 sin, i.e., by our self-crucifixion, we affirm its abiding authority. Hence 
 the supreme passion of the believer's life should be to be obedient to 
 the Law of Love, and his passionate devotion to that Law perpetually 
 manifests itself in his dying unto sin and living unto righteousness. 
 
 8. Threefold Statement of the Law's Obligation of 
 Love. Personal Duty Threefold in Form. 
 First. To God. 
 
 Thou shalt love the Lord thy God, with all thy heart, and with all 
 thy soul. This, said Christ, is the great and first commandm.ent, to 
 which the " second is like " but not equal. It is " great and first " 
 because it is supreme over and inclusive of the second. It is supreme 
 and all-inclusive because all creature duty and obligation is owed 
 originally and fundamentally to God only, as all transgression is orig- 
 inally and fundamentally against God and God only. Ps. 51 : 4. Against 
 Thee only have I sinned. But under this supreme obligation, and 
 included in it, man owes duty to himself and his fellow-man. Tit. 2: 12. 
 
 Second and Third. To his Fellow-man, and to Himself. 
 
 These are combined in the Second Commandment of Christ (the 
 summary of the Second Table by Moses). Thou shalt love thy neigh- 
 bor as thyself. 
 
 As to Love to Neighbor. 
 
 Both Old Testament and New abound in specific injunctions to 
 the practice of helpfulness to others, covering every need of human 
 experience. The obligation is mutual and universal among all mem- 
 bers of society. It demands a ceaseless endeavor to supply the desti- 
 tute, to lift up the degraded, to instruct the ignorant, to manifest 
 sympathy with infirmity, grief and wretchedness, and, above all, to 
 win the soul from the death of sin to the life of righteousness and 
 trust, of love and consecration to Christ, the loving God and Saviour. 
 
 As to the Love of Self. 
 
 The second demand of Christ distinctly reveals a positive require- 
 ment of Self-Love by the Law of God, since the required Love of 
 Neighbor is compared with and in a sense measured by the Love of 
 Self. Hence there is a Self-Love that is not selUsh ; a love of self 
 that is based upon a just conception of the soul's inherent dignity and 
 worth, as made in God's image, with capacity for knowledge and af- 
 
io8 Law and Morality. 
 
 fection, for holy character, beneficent activity and Divine fellowship. 
 And this high conception is confirmed and still more exalted by the 
 knowledge of Christ's willing offering of Himself unto humiliation 
 and death for the soul's restoration to life and abiding fellowship with 
 God. Thus it convincingly appears that a pure, unselfish love of self 
 is demanded of every human spirit by the great Law of Love. 
 
 9. Law and Morality. 
 
 Morality is a general term (of large use among men, but not 
 found in Scripture) expressing the fulfillment of duties imposed 
 by the precepts of the Second Table. Christ affirmed supreme love 
 to God to be the first, great, all-inclusive Commandment, plainly imply- 
 ing that except this be first obeyed there could be no acceptable obedi- 
 ence to the Second. In other words. He declared that genuine love 
 to fellow-men must be preceded by and based upon supreme love to 
 God ; that mere outward regard to the rights, and help to the needs 
 of fellow-men, though good and desirable, are of no avail with God, 
 are not reckoned as obedience to His Law, unless prompted and vital- 
 ized by a supreme, all-mastering love to Him. In still other words, 
 genuine, acceptable morality must be rooted in and spring from piety 
 or godliness. This great truth, with all its breadth of application, is 
 specially emphasized in two passages: Matt. 19:16-22. The young 
 ruler had kept all the precepts of the Second Table, and Christ loved 
 him for so much of natural goodness. But he turned from the Lord's 
 appeal for supreme heart affection. X. 389. i Cor. 13:1-3. "If I 
 bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and give my body to be burned, 
 but have not love, it profiteth me nothing." Xo other love than an 
 all-mastering love to God can possibly interpret the sublime utterances 
 of this whole chapter. 
 
 The same truth underlies two other expressions of Christ: Matt. 
 16:24. Deny himself, take up the cross. X. 276. Matt. 25:40. Ye 
 have done it unto Me. X. 462. Hence all specific moral statutes are 
 only minute and special applications of the principles of action em- 
 bodied in the Law of God, and find their vital force and motive power 
 in that Law. XI. 476, 609. 
 
 Read further: Prov. 14:12. VI. 322. Prov. 16:25. \1. 341. 
 Prov. 30: 12. VI. 423. Also II. 108. For comment sec Top. An., pp. 
 326-328. 
 
 10. The Law of God and the Word of God. 
 
 The relation between them is neither direct nor positive. It is 
 
Will of God. lOQ 
 
 simply this : that in the Word of the Old Testament, the Law is spoken 
 of or referred to as a representative element and factor of Divine 
 Revelation. The prominent passages are: Ps. 19: 7-13. Ps. 119: i, 2, 
 33-36, 92, 93, 96-98, 112, 126-128, 165, 172, 176. In the Psalmist's 
 comparison (19th Psalm) betvi^een the tvi'O Revelations of God, in 
 Nature and in His Book, as to the character and effect of their testi- 
 mony, he singles out the Law itself as the central, most representative 
 and vital fact of inspired Old Testament disclosure, saying, The Lazv 
 of Jehovah is perfect. Then in a succession of statements, applying 
 various specific terms, of equivalent reference, he exalts the inherent 
 spiritual efficiency and fruitfulness of the Divine Word, as thus 
 viewed from the standpoint of this central truth of Law as Love. 
 And the 119th Psalm presents a large detail of spiritual requirements 
 included in the comprehensive Commandment of love to God and 
 man, and dilates even more largely upon the precious results in spir- 
 itual experience of habitual response to those requirements. So in 
 the personal utterances of many other Psalms we may trace the same 
 references to specific requirements and the same resultant experiences. 
 Indeed, it would seem that the great purpose of this Old Testament 
 Book of Praise and Prayer, of confession and supplication, of holy 
 desires and heavenward breathings, is to furnish, in object-lesson 
 form, a manual for spiritual instruction and help to the saints of after 
 ages — and above all other teaching, because itself at that period the 
 chief theme of thought, to exalt the Law of Love as the rule of daily 
 spiritual living, and to show how that Law enters into all the various 
 moods and experiences of actual Godlike life. 
 
 WILL OF GOD. Scripture References: 
 
 No Definite Reference to Creation. " God said, Let Light 
 be," " God created," etc., are the forms in which His will is revealed 
 in Creation. 
 
 The Will of God in Providence. 
 
 Dan. 4: 35. He doeth according to His will in the army of heaven 
 and among the inhabitants of the earth. IX. 253. Rom. 9: 19. Who 
 withstandeth His will? Rom. 15:32. That I may come unto you by 
 the will of God. James 4: 15. If the Lord will we shall do this or 
 that. I Pet. 3: 17. Better, if the Lord should so will, that ye suffer, 
 etc. I Pet. 4: 19. Let them that suffer according to the will of God 
 
no Will of God. 
 
 commit their souls to Him. Lam. 3 : 2,3- Doth not afflict willingly 
 (though it be His will to afflict), i Cor. 12: 11. Dividing to each 
 one severally, even as He will. 
 
 The Will of God in Man's Redemption. 
 
 In the Sacrifice of Christ: 
 
 Gal. 1 : 4. Who gave Himself for our sins, according to the will 
 of God. Heb. 10: 7. I come to do Thy will, O God. 
 
 In Regeneration : 
 
 John I : 13. Born (begotten) not of the will of flesh, nor of man, 
 but of God. 
 
 In Sanctification : 
 
 I The?. 4: 3. For this is the will of God, even your sanctification. 
 Heb. 10: 10. By which (whose) will we have been sanctified through 
 the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 
 
 In Adoption: 
 
 Eph. I : 5. Having foreordained us unto adoption as sons, through 
 Jesus Christ, unto Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, 
 to the praise of His grace (not His zuill). 
 
 In Perfecting and Assurance: 
 
 Col. 4: 12. That ye may stand perfect and fully assured in all the 
 will of God. 
 
 In Resurrection to Eternal Life: 
 
 John 6: 39. This is the will of Him that sent me, that of all that 
 which He hath given me I should lose nothing, but should raise it up 
 at the last day. Repeated in vs. 40. 
 
 All Summed up in Salvation: 
 
 I Tim. Who willeth that all men shall be saved. John 6: 40. This 
 is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the Son, and 
 believeth on Him should have eternal life. Eph. i : 9-1 1. Made known 
 unto us the mystery of His will, to sum up all things in Christ, in 
 whom also we were made a heritage, having been foreordained ac- 
 cording to the purpose of Him who worketh all things after the 
 counsel of His will. 
 
Will of God. Ill 
 
 The Will of God for Man's Redemption only Withheld 
 by Man's Refusing and Rejecting that Will. John 5 : 40. Ye 
 will not come unto Me that ye may have life! Matt. 23:37. How 
 often would I have gathered thy children together, . . . and ye 
 would not ! It is the wilful element in sin or disobedience that is 
 everywhere emphasized as the basal cause of condemnation. 
 
 The Will of God Touching Christian Living. 
 
 I Thes. 5: 14-18. (Exhortations to) Admonish the disorderly, en- 
 courage the faint-hearted, support the weak, be long-suffering to all; 
 see that none render unto any one evil for evil, but always follow 
 that which is good toward all; rejoice alway ; pray without ceasing; 
 in everything give thanks; for (writes Paul) this is the zvill.of God- 
 in Christ Jesus to you-ward. i Pet. 2: 15 : So is the will of God that 
 by well-doing ye should put to silence the ignorance of foolish men. 
 I Pet. 4:2. Ye no longer should live the rest of your time in the flesh 
 to the lusts of men, but to the will of God. 
 
 Results of Doing the Will of God, mainly in the form 
 of Promise. 
 
 I John 2:17. He that doeth the will of God abideth forever. 
 Matt. 7:21. He that doeth the' will of My Father shall enter into 
 heaven. Mark 3:35. Whosoever shall do the will of God, is My 
 brother. My sister, My mother. John 7:17. If any man willeth to 
 do His will, he shall know of the teaching, whether it be of God. i 
 John 5: 14. If we ask anything according to His will. He heareth us, 
 Rom. 12. 2. Be not fashioned according to this world, but be ye 
 transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what 
 is the good and acceptable and perfect will of God. Heb. 10:36. Ye 
 have need of patience, that, having done the will of God, ye may 
 receive the promise. Heb. 13 : 21. The God of peace make you perfect 
 in every good thing to do His will. Col. i : 9. I cease not to pray that 
 ye may be filled with the knowledg^e of His zvill, in all spiritual wis- 
 dom and understanding, to walk worthily of the Lord unto all pleasing. 
 Eph. 5: 17. Understand what the will of the Lord is. Eph. 6:6. As 
 servants of Christ, doing the will of God from the heart. The daily 
 cry of a submissive, trusting heart: Teach v.ir to do Thy will, O Lord! 
 (Ps. 143: 10.) Thy will.be done! (Matt. 6: 10.) 
 
112 Love of God. 
 
 LOVE OF GOD. 
 
 Love. Its Distinguishing Characteristics as Inti- 
 mated in the Scriptures. 
 
 Love is the Normal Condition and Action of God Himself, 
 
 and of every creature spirit as created by Him. it is a spontaneous 
 outcome of the outlooking benevolent heart, longing and seeking to 
 commtniicate itself and all that it can give and do for the joy and 
 blessing of the Creator and His creature, i John 4:8. God is love. 
 XI. 694-698. 
 
 Love and Holiness Comprise the Chief Qualities in the 
 Divine Character, prompting and permeating all other qualities; 
 as Justice, Righteousness, Faithfulness, Truth, Goodness and Grace. 
 Together they furnish the source and the motive force of the Divine 
 Working in Creation, Providence and Redemption. We may not as- 
 sign precedence or pre-eminence to either. Both are vital elements 
 of His Law, which is the principle and basis of His Acts, and the 
 rule of His dealing with and government over His spiritual creation. 
 Both have a side of sweet and reverent attractiveness, and a side of 
 stern severity. And both equally manifest, extol and glorify the in- 
 finite, changeless God, in whose heart they have eternally and bless- 
 edly co-existed. 
 
 Love is the Substance and End of the Law's Requirements 
 
 of men and angels, and by Love the Law's purposes arc defined and 
 achieved. I Tim. i : 5. The end of the commandment is love. Rom. 
 13: 10. Love is the fulfillment of law. 
 
 Love has a constraining force, which irreprcssibly leads to 
 its own appropriate acting. It prompted God to Creation and Re- 
 demption. And the force of God's manifest love prompts the re- 
 deemed believing man to responsive love and to obedience. 2 Cor. 
 5:14. The love of Christ (shed abroad in the heart by the Holy 
 Spirit) constraineth us (to "live unto Him who died" for us). 
 Specifically, love energizes faith, imparts to it impelling motive and 
 working force. Gal. 5:6. Faith worketh through love. 
 
 Love, in God and Man, is revealed as including an Ele- 
 ment of Self-Sacrifice. In God this appears as original, voluntary 
 and exemplary. In man it is the effect of the wonderful Divine 
 
Love of God. 113 
 
 example and of constrained gratitude for the self-offering of Christ. 
 Rom. 5 : 8. God commandeth His own love toward us, in that, while 
 we were yet sinners, Christ died for us. John 4: 19. We love Him, 
 because He first loved us. Gal. 2 : 20. Who loved me, and gave Him- 
 self up for me. Phil. 3 : 8-10. I count all things loss, that I may know 
 Him, and the fellowship of His sufferings, becoming conformed unto 
 His death. [Love, which is the happiness of God himself, must also 
 be the supreme felicity of the being whom God has made in His own 
 image. Every other happiness is unworthy of this being, and does 
 not satisfy him. Selfish enjoyment requires to receive, and has never 
 received enough; love requires to give, and has never given enough. 
 Sacrifices exhaust the one and maintain the other; and while the first 
 would gain nothing by gaining the world, the second grows rich upon 
 its very losses. A. Vinct.'] 
 
 The Love of God to Men. 
 
 Note. The Scripture phrase " love of God " refers to and means 
 God's love to us, not our love to God. As it is God's love that is 
 " shed abroad in our hearts" (i John 4: 18, 19. XI. 697, 8), so it is 
 Christ's love to us that He enjoins us to "continue in," John 15:9; 
 and God's love that Jude (v. 21) instructs us to " keep ourselves in." 
 Our love to God has neither merit nor strength, neither staying nor 
 resisting power, nor sufficiency of any sort. God's love possesses all 
 these. It is Christ's hold of us (Phil. 3:12; John 10:28, 29). not 
 our hold of Christ, that avails for our deliverance, assurance and 
 comfort. And this hold is exerted through the constraint of His in- 
 dwelling and inworking love. 
 
 God's Love Everlasting and Immeasurable. 
 
 Jer. 31 : 3 (a text to be associated and indelibly memorized with 
 John 3: 16, each "a little Gospel"). / have loved thee zvifh an ever- 
 lasting love; therefore zvith loz'ing-kinducss have I drazvn thee. VIII. 
 539-541. John 13:1. He loved them to the end (or uttermost). X. 
 467. Deut. 7:7. 8. 13. Set His love upon you, . . . loveth you; 
 . will love and bless thee. II. 645. Hosea 11 : 4- I (l^ew them 
 with bands of a man, with cords of love. IX. 368. Zeph. 3: 17. He 
 will rejoice over thee with joy: He will rest in His love. IX. 534. 
 John 15:9. Even as the-Father hath loved Me, so have I loved you. 
 X. 491. Eph. 3: 18, 19. Ye, being rooted and grounded in love, may 
 be able to apprehend what is the breadth and length and height and 
 depth, and to know the love of Christ which passeth knowledge. XT. 
 
114 Love of God. 
 
 425. I John 3: I. Behold what manner of love the Father hath be- 
 stowed upon us, that we should be called children of God. XL 689, 
 690. Titus 3 : 4. The kindness of God our Saviour and His love 
 toward man appeared, i John 4:16. And we know and have be- 
 lieved the love which God hath toward iis. XI. 697. Ezck. 36:22. 
 For Mine holy Name's sake. IX. 155-157. [Ephes. 3:17-19. The 
 love of Christ is unspeakable in its Icm^tli. It had no beginning, has 
 no break, knows no end. It is unspeakable in its breadth; it includes 
 each and all. It is unspeakable in its depth; it saves to the uttermost. 
 It is unspeakable in its height; it makes us joint-heirs with Christ. 
 To know the love of Christ is the one secret of Christian peace and 
 power. By so much as we are rooted and grounded by faith in that 
 amazing and unspeakable love, we have Christ dwelling in us, we are 
 filled with all the fullness of God, we are made strong in Christian 
 character and service. This is our one great task, to make real to 
 ourselves the love of Christ for us. Behrends.} 
 
 The Love of God clearly shown in the wise and orderly 
 adaptations of the Natural Creation to Man's needs and 
 
 COmtort. As illustrative points we refer to the seeding and fruit- 
 fulness of the earth, the adjustments of day and night, the diversities 
 of temperature, the succession of the ppn^ons. together with the 
 corresponding fitnesses of rpnn's physical structure and capacities. 
 
 The Love of God more clearly manifested in the 
 ample Goodness of Providence. 
 
 1. In the original charters of food, and of dominion over the 
 earth and the animal creation. Gen. 1:28-31. I. 155. Gen. 9:3. I. 
 252. 
 
 2. In the establishment of the Family and the Community, and 
 of Civil Government, and in the general ordering of human govern- 
 ments and their history. 
 
 3. In the special ordering of the events of personal history, and 
 the allotment of individual experience and condition in harmonious 
 connection with personal freedom of choice and action. 
 
 The Love of God most signally manifested, and with 
 the deepest, most attractive and tender emphasis dis- 
 closed to heaven and earth, in the Incarnation and Aton- 
 
Love of God. 115 
 
 ing Death of the Lord Jesus Christ, the God-Man Re- 
 deemer. 
 
 Only Love prompted, devised and executed the wondrous Plan 
 of Grace. Only Love sent the Son, and led Him to willing obedience 
 unto death, the shameful death of the Cross. John 3: 16. For God 
 so loved the world, that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoso- 
 ever believeth on Him, should not perish, but have eternal life. Heb. 
 12:2. Who, for the joy set before Him, endured the cross, despising 
 the shame. John 15 : 13. Greater love hath no man than this, that 
 a man lay down his life for his friends. Rom. 5 : 8. God commandeth 
 His own love toward us, in that, while we were yet sinners, Christ 
 died for us. Gal. 2:20. The Son of God. who loved me, and gave 
 Himself up for me. i John 4: 9, 10. Herein is love, not that we loved 
 God, but that He loved us, and sent His Son to be the propitiation 
 for our sins. Herein was the love of God manifested, that God hath 
 sent His only begotten Son into the world, that we might live through 
 Him. XL 696, 7. Eph. 2 : 4. God, being rich in mercy, for His great 
 love wherewith He loved us, even when we were dead through our 
 trespasses, quickened us together with Christ. Rom. 8 : 38, 39. Rev. 
 1 : 5. Thus the Cross of Christ authenticates and confirms in all its 
 fullness Jehovah's own wonderful utterance by the prophet Jeremiah, 
 "I have loved thee with an everlasting love, therefore with loving- 
 kindness have I drazvn thee." 
 
 [God loves with an everlasting love. The Son of God and the 
 Man of Sorrows devoted Himself for those who had no claim on 
 Him but that of guilt and misery. He came from a throne to a cross 
 for them, and we see written on it, " Herein is love, not that we loved 
 God, but that God loved us." This love comes from a Divine foun- 
 tain through a Human heart, that human hearts may feel the respon- 
 sive throb, " We love Him who first loved us." Ker. 
 
 When God, the Perfect Being, loves the creature of His hand. 
 He must perfor.ce love with the whole directness, and strength, and 
 intensity of His Being; for He is God, and therefore incapable of 
 partial and imperfect action. He must give Himself to the single 
 soul with as absolute a completeness as if there were no other being 
 besides it. Therefore we find Paul writing to the Galatians as if his 
 own single soul had been redeemed by the sacrifice of Calvary : " Lie 
 loved me, and gave Hirnself for me." H. P. Liddon.'] 
 
ii6 Grace of God. 
 
 GROUP OF SPECIAL TOPICS REVEALING THE 
 LARGE AND BLESSED OUTCOME OF THE 
 LOVE OF GOD. 
 
 GRACE AND MERCY OF GOD. 
 
 GRACE. A comprehensive word of boundless reach and an 
 infinite depth of significance, signifying unHmited favor to the un- 
 deserving, all who by reason of transgression have forfeited every 
 claim to Divine favor, and have lost all capacity for meritorious 
 action. Grace includes Goodness, or the kindly and beneficent treat- 
 ment of God in His Providence, equally to just and unjust, evil and 
 good; and Mercy, or favor to the ill-deserving, the guilty and con- 
 demned. Ps. 23 : 6. Goodness and Mercy will follow me all the days 
 of my life. IV. 186, 7. Grace first used. Gen. 6:8. I. 234. ["Grace 
 is a name for the energy of love as it goes out toward the undeserv- 
 ing; mercy a name for the pitying disposition of God toward sinners, 
 or ill-deserving." Stcz'cns.'] 
 
 God, the Fountain and Giver of Grace. Rom. 1:5. 7. 
 
 Grace from God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ. By w^hom 
 we received grace. John i : 17. Grace and truth came through Jesus 
 Christ. X. 66. Rev. i : 4. Grace from Him which is and which was 
 and which is to come and from the seven Spirits. XI. 718. Spirit of 
 grace. Zech. 12: 10. IX. 603. Heb. 10:29. Word of His Grace. Acts 
 20:32. XI. 148. Rom. 6:23. The free gift of God is eternal life in 
 Christ Jesus our Lord. XI. 226. 
 
 Grace Sufficient and Abounding. John i : 14. Wc have 
 
 received grace for grace. X. 66. Rom. 5: 17. Receive abundance of 
 grace. Rom. 5:20. Where sin abounded, grace did much more 
 abound. 2 Cor. 4:15. All things for your sakes that the abundant 
 grace might redound to the glory of God. Eph. 1:6. To the praise 
 of the glory of His grace, freely bestowed on us in the Beloved. XT. 
 416. Eph. 2:7. The exceeding riches of His grace toward us in 
 Christ Jesus. XI. 420. I Tim. I : 14. The grace of our Lord abound- 
 cth exceedingly. XL 507. James 4:6. He givcth more grace. XT. 
 636. Ps. 84: II. Giveth grace and glory, no good doth He withhold. 
 
Grace of God. 117 
 
 V. 71. 2. 2 Cor. 9:8. God is able to make grace abound, i Pet. 5: 
 10. God of all grace. XI. 669. 
 
 [" Riches of grace " is a figure in which Paul seems to delight. 
 The Lord, he says, is " rich in mercy unto all that call upon Him." 
 He tells of the " riches of His goodness," " the exceeding riches of 
 His grace," " the unsearchable riches of Christ." The gospel which 
 proclaims His mercy he calls " a treasure," and says that in that 
 Saviour of whom it testifies " are hidden all the treasures of wisdom 
 and knowledge." C. Bradley. '\ 
 
 Grace linked with every particular of spiritual ex- 
 perience. IVith calling and election. Gal. 1:15. Called me 
 through His grace. 2 Tim. i : 9. Called us according to His own 
 purpose and grace. XI. 530. With faith. Acts 18:27. Rom. 4: 16. 
 Of faith, by grace. XI. 213. With Justification and Pardon. Rom. 
 3 : 24. Justified freely by His grace. XL 209. Titus 3 : 7. Eph. i : 7. 
 Forgiveness of sins according to the riches of His grace. With 
 Quickening. Eph. 2:5, 6. Hath quickened us together with Christ 
 (by grace) and raised us up with Him. With needed strength. 2 
 Cor. 12:9. My grace is sufficient for thee. With hope. 2 Thes. 2: 
 16. Good hope through grace. XL 502. i Pet. i : 13. With salvation 
 and Eternal Life. Eph. 2:8. By grace are ye saved ... it is 
 the gift of God. XL 420. Titus 2:11. The grace of God hath ap- 
 peared to all men, bringing salvation. XL 548. Rom. 5: 21. So might 
 grace reign through righteousness unto eternal life through Jesus 
 Christ. Rom. 2:7. XL 205. Illus. Grace at consummation. Zech. 
 4:7- IX. 567,8. 
 
 God's Mercy-seat His Throne of Grace, open to our 
 
 approach. Heb. 4 : 16. Come boldly unto the throne of grace and find 
 grace to help in time of need. [The grace we are encouraged to ask is 
 grace for present need, and not grace for future supposed necessities. 
 Grace to suffer is for a suffering season ; grace to die is for dying mo- 
 ments ; then, but not before, is the " time of need." Grace for present 
 duty or trial ought to be the immediate object of our prayer ; grace 
 proportioned to our present necessity; either to resist temptations, to 
 strengthen and guide us for duty, or to support us under infirmity and 
 affliction. R. Walker.'] 
 
 Unbelievers besought to seek the grace of God. 2 Cor. 6:1. 
 We beseech you that ye receive not the grace of God in vain. XL 
 
ii8 Mercy of God. 
 
 368. Heb. 12: 15. Lest any man fail of the grace of God. XL 609. 
 Heb. 10: 29. 
 
 Other Connections of Grace. With Law. Rom. 6 : 14. Not 
 under law but under grace. IP'ith Christ's death for all. Heb. 2:9. 
 By the grace of God tasted death for every man. With the Word. 
 Acts 14 : 3 ; 20 : 32. Word of His grace. With peace, i Pet. i : 2, 
 etc. With glory, i Pet. 5:10. The God of grace who called us to 
 glory. Ps. 84:11. Giveth grace and glory. With Christlike char- 
 acter and living, i Cor. 15: 10. By the grace of God I am what I 
 am. Heb. 13 : 9. Good that the heart be established by grace. With 
 Christian service. Heb. 12 : 28. Let us have grace, whereby we may 
 offer service well-pleasing to God with reverence and awe. With 
 Christian grozvth. Grow in grace, etc. James 4:6. He giveth more 
 grace. Prov. 3 : 34. He giveth grace to the lowly, i Pet. 5:5. To 
 the humble. With prayer — an " exceeding great and precious prom- 
 ise." Zech. 12: 10. I will pour the Spirit of grace and of supplication. 
 IX. 603. 
 
 MERCY. 
 
 Infrequently applied to the beneficences of God to men as de- 
 pendent and needy. Its chief and specific reference is to men as sin- 
 ners under God's frown and the Law's condemnation. In this refer- 
 ence it expresses God's favor to the ill-deserving, or guilty and con- 
 demned. That this and nothing less than this is its radical and vital 
 meaning in all the great texts of both Testaments will appear by the 
 thoughtful reading of a few of these texts: Ex. 20: 6 and 34: 7. Keep- 
 ing mercy for thousands, taking away iniquity, transgression, and sin. 
 TI. 168, 9, 265. Ps. 100: 5. Mercy endureth forever. V. 169. Ps. 103: 
 Ti, 17. Mercy from everlasting to everlasting. V. 182-185. Ps. 13:5. 
 IV. 105. Ps. 32: 10. IV. 245. Ps. 51: 1-3. IV. 367. Ps. 57: 10. IV. 
 403. Ps. 62: 12. IV. 423. Ps. 85: ID. Mercy and truth have met. V. 
 yj. Ps. loi : I. Mercy and judgment. V. 170. Ps. 103: 11. As heaven 
 above earth, so great His mercy. V. 182. Ps. 130:7, 8. Mercy, plen- 
 teous redemption. V. 403. Ps. 145:8. V. 473. Prov. 28:13. Ep^i- 
 2:4. Rich in mercy. XL 419. Titus 3:5. According to His mercy 
 hath saved us. XL 550. Jude 21. Looking for mercy of our Lord 
 Jesus Christ unto eternal life. 
 
 Thus defined as favor to the ill-deserving or the guilty and con- 
 demned, Mercy includes two specific acts of God as Lawgiver and 
 Father : 
 
Beatitudes. 
 
 119 
 
 1. Pardon, or remission of the penalty of sin, i.e., of the pun- 
 ishment pronounced against the transgressor ; together with restora- 
 tion to an accepted standing before the Law. 
 
 2. Forgiveness, whereby the Father's disapproval and dis- 
 pleasure are replaced by His approval and favor. With these con- 
 stituent elements of mercy the texts will be found in harmony. 
 
 Neh. 9: 17. A God ready to pardon. Micah 7: 18. Who is a God 
 like Thee, that pardoneth iniquity ? IX. 490. Isa. 55 : 5. Abundantly 
 pardon. VIII. 305. Ps. 25: 11. For Thy name's sake, pardon my in- 
 iquity. IV. 197. Ps. 32: I, 5. I acknowledged my sin, and Thou for- 
 gavest.' IV. 238-241. Ps. 86:5. Ready to forgive. V. 82. Ps. 99:8. 
 V. 164. Ps. 103:3. Forgiveth all thine iniquities. V. 180. Ps. 130:4. 
 Forgiveness with Thee. V. 400, i. Acts 13:38. Through Him for- 
 giveness of sins. XI. 97. Eph. 4 : 2i2. For Christ's sake, forgiven you- 
 XI. 434. I John I : 9. Faithful and just to forgive. XL 684. 
 
 BEATITUDES, of Old and New Testaments. Who are 
 Blessed, or Happy: 
 
 Old Testament. In the Laws of Moses. II. 682, 686, 694. Ps. 
 1 : 1-3. The man whose delight is in the law of Jehovah, and doth 
 mediate day and night. Whatsoever he doeth shall prosper. IV. 42, 
 43, 45. Ps. 2: 12. They that put their trust (take refuge) in Him. 
 Ps. 34:8. IV. 253, 29S. Ps. 40:4. Ps. 41:1. That considereth the 
 poor. Ps. 32 : I, 2. He whose transgression is forgiven, imto whom 
 the Lord imputeth not iniquity. IV. 238. Ps. 84: 5, 12. Whose strength 
 is in Thee; in whose heart are the highways to Zion. V. 68. Ps. 94: 
 12. The man whom Thou chastenest and teachest. V. 136. Ps. 106 : 
 3. They that keep judgment and do righteousness. V. 212. Ps. 112: i. 
 The man that feareth Jehovah, that delighteth in His commandments. 
 V. 248. Ps. 119: I, 2. They that are upright, who walk in the Law, 
 keep His testimonies, seek Him with the whole heart. V. 287. Ps. 
 128: I. That feareth the Lord and walketh in His ways. V. 391. Isa. 
 32:20. That sow beside all waters. VIII. 160. Isa. 56:2. That keep- 
 eth 'the Sabbath, from profaning it, and keepeth his hand from doing 
 evil. VIII. 315; Jer. 17:7, 8. That trusteth in, and whose hope the 
 Lord is. VIII. 477. 
 
 New Testament. Matt. 5 : 3-10. The poor in spirit, for theirs 
 is the Kingdom of Heaven. They that mourn, for they shall be com- 
 
I20 Covenants of God. 
 
 forted. The meek, for they inherit the earth. They who hunger and 
 thirst after righteousness, for they shall be filled. The merciful, for 
 they obtain mercy. The pure in heart, for they shall see God. The 
 peacemakers, for they shall be children of God. The persecuted for 
 righteousness, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. XL 143-147. Luke 
 11:28. They that hear the Word of God and keep it. Luke 12:37. 
 Those whom the Lord when He cometh shall find watching. John 20: 
 29. They that have not seen (Me) and yet have believed. X. 574. 
 James 1:12. The man that endureth temptation. XL 621. Rev. 14: 
 13. The dead who die in the Lord; their works follow them. XL 759. 
 Rev. 22 : 14. They that do His commandments. 
 
 These gracious Beatitudes cover every phase, touch every point 
 and reach every depth of experience in living and dying. They are 
 Benedictions in promise, and to the soul of great faith in effect they 
 are Divine realities. 
 
 COVENANTS OF GOD. 
 
 " The ways of God with man take the particular form of a Cove- 
 nant," etc. I. 12. 
 
 With Noah Personally. Covenant of Preservation. Gen. 6: 
 18, 22. I establish my covenant with thee ... to keep alive. L 
 237, 251. Heb. 11:7. Prepared an ark for the saving of his house 
 and became heir of righteousness by faith. 
 
 With Noah for the Race. Covenant of God's Forbearance. Gen. 
 9:8-17. The waters shall no more destroy all flesh. And Gen. 8: 20- 
 22. Neither will I smite any more every thing living. I. 251, 2, 255, 6. 
 Flesh for food. Gen. 9: 3, 4. i Tim. 4: 5. XL 516. 
 
 The One Unchangeable Covenant of Grace. Based upon 
 
 the Promise at the Fall. Gen. 3: 15. L 188-192. Series of Covenant 
 Promises made to Abraham as Representative Believer, including ( i ) 
 the Making of his Seed a great Nation and the Gift of Canaan for 
 its possession, a Promise Typical of the Innumerable Host in the 
 Heavenly Canaan. (2) The Spiritual Blessing to come to All Peo- 
 ples through Christ the Pre-eminent Seed of Abraham. Gal. 3:7-9. 
 16. 29. He saith not. And to seeds, as of many; but as of one. And 
 to thy seed, which is Christ. First at Haran. Gen. 12: 1-3. Will show 
 
Covenants of God. 121 
 
 thee land and make of thee a great nation, and in thee shall all the 
 families of the earth be blessed. I. 288-292. At Bethel. Gen. 13: 15, 
 16. Will give thee land and make thy seed as the dust of the earth. 
 I. 310. At Hebron. Gen. 15:5, 18. Thy seed as the stars, that day 
 the Lord made covenant w^ith Abraham. Vs. 8-17. Confirmed by sacri- 
 ficial symbol, as a sign and seal. I. 321, 324-329. Covenant Renewed 
 and sealed by Circumcision. Gen. 17:2-11, 19, 21. I will establish My 
 covenant between Me and thee and thy seed after thee for an ever- 
 lasting covenant, to be a God to thee and thy seed after thee. I. 339- 
 342, 344, 347-350. Gen. 18: 18. All nations shall be blessed in him 
 (Abraham). I. 355. At Moriah. Gen. 22:17. 18. In thy seed shall 
 all nations of the earth be blessed. I. 396, 398, 399. Renewed to Isaac 
 at Gerar. Gen. 26: 3, 4. Renewed to Jacob at Bethel. Gen. 28: 13, 14. 
 I. 444. A second time. Gen. 35: 11, 12. I. 480. A third time. Gen. 
 46: 1-4. I. 528. Covenant with Abraham referred to: 2 Kings 13:23. 
 VII. 241. I Chron. 16:16. Neh. 9:8. Luke 1:73. Rom. 4:1, 12, 
 13, 16. Gal. 3: 16, 29. Acts 7:8. XI. 48. 
 
 Covenant Transaction 
 
 between Jehovah and the newly Redeemed " Church in the Wilder- 
 ness " (Acts 7:38) under Moses. A covenant with this Church as a 
 representative body, standing for the Church in all ages, made at Sinai 
 and founded on the Covenant made with Abraham. Ex. 19:3-8. 11. 
 122-127. Ex. 24:3-8. Ratified by sprinkling of sacrificial blood upon 
 altar and people. II. 234-237. Read II. 133-139 and 238-240. Sum- 
 mary of Covenant Engagements between God and His people. Deut. 
 26: 16-18. Thou hast avouched the Lord to be thy God, and the Lord 
 hath avouched thee, to be a peculiar people unto Himself. II. 677. The 
 vital Relation and Significance of Blood Sacrifice in connection with 
 the " Old "' Covenant with Israel, under and after Moses. Read II. 
 358, 9, 362-364, 369, 370, 375, 389, 392, 416-418, 456-458. 
 
 Covenant with David, 
 
 whose person and reign were typical of Messiah and His Reign. 2 
 Sam. 7: 12-16. III. 387-390, 392. Ezek. 37:22-26. VIII. 166. 7. V. 
 102, last note. 
 
 The New and Better Covenant of the Gospel Age. 
 
 Full Realization of Spiritual Blessings imperfectly disclosed to Abra- 
 ham and Moses, in symbol and type through the Sacrificial Ritual, 
 and typically through David and his reign. Pre-announced by Jere- 
 
122 Promises of God. 
 
 miah and Ezekiel. Jer. 31 : 31-34. I will make a new covenant with 
 Israel. This is the covenant that I will make; I will write My lav/ 
 in their heart, and they shall know Me, for I will forgive their iniquity. 
 I will be their God and they shall be My people. VIII. 546-550. Ezek. 
 11:19, 20. I will put a new spirit within you, and take the strong heart 
 out of their flesh, that they may walk in My statutes and do them. 
 IX. 56. Ezek. 36:25-27. I will sprinkle clean water upon you, and 
 ye shall be clean. A new heart will I give you. And I will put My 
 Spirit within you, and ye shall keep My judgments and do them. And 
 ye shall be My people and I will be your God. IX. 155-158, 160. Clear 
 statement of the typical and temporary character of the Mosaic Ritual, 
 and comparison of the " first," " old " Covenant of Sinai with the 
 "new and better covenant established upon better promises" (Heb. 
 8:6). The latter is described in the words of Jeremiah, given above. 
 Heb. 8: I, 2, 6-13. XI. 582-584. Heb. 9: 1-26. IX. 586-589. Heb. 12: 
 24. XI. 611. Many assurances that the covenant is "everlasting," 
 and that God is " ever mindful of His covenant." Covenant of peace. 
 Isa. 54: 10. VIII. 295, 6. Jer. 33: 19-22. Sure. VIII. 556. See XL 
 474. R. W. 
 
 PROMISES OF GOD. 
 
 Promises as Related to Revealed Truths. 
 
 Promise is a vital element of all essential truth. Every Divine 
 commandment or precept is a commandment or precept " with prom- 
 ise." Every truth touching God's relations with, and His doings to- 
 ward men discloses His love, and all disclosures of His love involve 
 and express large, rich, sweet promises. 
 
 An Appropriating Faith the Condition that Brings 
 Fulfillment to Promise. 
 
 Promises are vitalized and made effectual through a faith that 
 grasps and pleads them without hesitation or faltering. Heb. 6: 12, 
 15. That ye be not sluggish, but imitators of them who through faith 
 and patience inherit the promises. XI. 576. James i : 6. Ask in faith, 
 nothing wavering. XI. 620. Matt. 21:22. X. 416. Gal. 3:14. We 
 receive the promise of the Spirit through faith. XI. 399. A Faith 
 that purifies. 2 Cor. 7: i. Having these promises, let us cleanse our- 
 selves. XL 369. Promises conditioned upon obedience which springs 
 from faith. 
 
Promises of God. 12-^ 
 
 Effects of Promises accepted, trusted in, and pleaded, 
 in obedient spirit. 
 
 Hope, with its effective results of encouragement, inspiration 
 and stimulus to faithful endeavor. Rom. 15:4. That through com- 
 fort of the Scriptures we might have hope, i Pet. 3: 15. Give a rea- 
 son concerning the hope that is in you. Ps. 119:40, 74. 81. 114, 147. 
 
 Promise a Means and Instrument of increasing Sanctifica- 
 tion. 2 Pet. 1:4. He hath granted unto us His precious and exceed- 
 ing great promises, that through these ye may become partakers of 
 the Divine Nature. XI. 671. 
 
 Definite Subjects of Promise. 
 
 Covenants of Promise, See above, Covenants. 
 
 Promise of the Holy Spirit. Luke 24 : 49. Acts i : 4. Acts 
 2:t,7i. The promise of the Father. XI. 9, 22. 
 
 Other Specific Promises: James i : 12. The crown of life. XI. 
 621. James 2:5. The kingdom. XI. 627. i John 2:25. Eternal life. 
 XL 688. I Tim. 4:8. 2 Tim. i : i. Promise'of life. 
 
 Divine Promises Surely Fulfilled. 
 
 Heb. 10:23. He is faithful that promised. XL 593. Tit. 1:2. 
 God, who cannot lie, .promised before times eternal. XL 545. 2 Cor. 
 1:20. How many soever be the promises of God, in Him (Christ) is 
 the Yea, also through Him is the Ameu. XL 349. Illnsfrative Testi- 
 mony. Josh. 23: 14. Not one thing hath failed. HI. 151. i Kings 8: 
 56. Not failed one word of all His good promise. III. 561. Acts 7: 
 17. XL 50. Acts 13 : 23, 32. XL 96. 7. Ps. 105 : 142. He remembered 
 His holy promise. 
 
 Some Signal Promises, broad, deep, most needful and 
 helpful. 
 
 Set down here as suggestion and stimulus to further research, 
 especially in the old Testament. 
 
 Deut. 33:25. As thy days, thy strength shall be. II. 735. 
 
 Rom. 8:28. To then that love God all things work together for 
 good. 
 
 Josh. I : 5. I will not fail thee, nor forsake thee. III. ^y. 
 
 Ps. 40: 17. The Lord thinketh upon me. IV. 304. 
 
124 ^^^^ °f ^°^ ^° Man. 
 
 Isa. 41 : 9, 10. Fear not, for I am with thee. I will strengthen 
 thee. VIII. 214, 215. 
 
 Isa. 43:1, 2. I have redeemed thee; I have called thee by thy 
 name; thou art Mine. When thou passest through the waters, they 
 shall not overflow thee; when thou walkest through the fire, thou 
 shalt not be burned. VIII. 225. Ps. 46: i. God is a very present help 
 in time of trouble. 
 
 Isa. 54:7, 8, 10. With everlasting kindness will I have mercy 
 upon thee. My kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall my 
 covenant of peace be removed. VIII. 294-296. John 14:27. Peace I 
 leave with you; My peace I give unto you. XL 483. Isa. 58: 11. 
 
 Jer. 29 : 13. Ye shall find Me, when ye search with all your heart. 
 VIII. 520. 
 
 Ezek. II : 16. I will be to them a sanctuary. IX. 55. 
 
 For the varied and abounding Promises of God, we refer to al- 
 most every theme treated in these pages, for, as stated above, promise 
 is interwoven with every truth that touches God's gracious relation 
 with man. 
 
 CALL OF GOD TO MAN. 
 
 Personal and Urgent; Ever Seeking to Win Back to 
 Obedience, Childship and Heart-Fellowship. 
 
 Commenced at the Fall. God Sought Adam. 
 
 Gen. 3 : 9. The Lord God called linto the man. I. 186. God sought 
 Cain the first-born man and offender. Gen. 4:6, 7. The Lord said to 
 Cain, If thou doest well, shalt thou not be accepted? I. 209. God 
 warns the evil generation of Noah, and announces a period of patient 
 waiting. Gen. 6:3. The Lord said. My Spirit shall not strive with 
 man forever, yet shall his days be an hundred and twenty years. I. 
 228-231. The Covenant of God's forbearance announced to Noah. 
 Gen. 9:8-17. I. 255, 256. The Covenant of Grace made with Abra- 
 ham. Gen. 15:9, 10. 1. 324. Repeated and Expanded. Gen. 17:4-7. 
 L 339, 340, 347-350. Gen. 22: 16-18. In thy seed shall all the nations 
 of the earth be blessed. I. 395, 396, 398. Renewed to Isaac. Gen. 26: 
 3, 4. To Jacob. Gen. 28: 13, 14. I. 444. 
 
 Expressed through Moses. 
 
 Ex. 19: 3-5. II. 123. II. 527, 8. Deut. 11:26, 27. I set before you 
 a blessing and a curse. II. 658. Deut. 30: 15, 19. Choose life. II. 712- 
 
Call of God to Man. 125 
 
 715. Through Joshua. Josh. 22:5. III. 143. Josh. 24: 15. Choose 
 whom ye will serve. III. 152-155. Elijah, i Kings 18:21. How long 
 halt ye? If the Lord be God, follow Him. VII. no. Proverbs i: 
 20-33. VI. 238-242; 3: 17. VI. 256; 21:29. VI. 389; 8:4, 17. To you, 
 O men, I call. Seek Me diligently. VI. 287, 8. Psalms 27:8. IV. 
 207-209. 95:7, 8. To-day, hear His voice. V. 142, 3. Ps. 119:6. I 
 made haste and delayed not. V. 314. Through the Prophets. Isa. 
 1:18-20. Come, let us reason together. VIII. 24. Isa. 28:13. Line 
 upon line. VIII. 139. Isa. 43:26. Let us plead together. VIII. 228. 
 Isa. 45:22. Look unto Me, and be ye saved. VIII. 240. Isa. 48: 
 17. yill. 258. Isa. 55:7. Incline your ear and come unto Me. 
 Hear and your soul shall live. Seek ye the Lord while He may 
 be found. VIII. 298-306. Jer. 6: 16. VIII. 427, 8. Jer. 7: 13, 25. I 
 spake unto you, rising up early and speaking. VIII. 435. VII. 453. 
 Jer. 21 : 8. Set before you the way of life and the way of death. VII. 
 438, 9. Ezek. 18:31, 2)^. Cast away your transgressions, for why 
 will ye die? IX. 85-89. Ezek. 33:10, 11. Turn ye from your evil 
 ways, for why will ye die? IX. 142, 3. Hosea 6: i. Come, return 
 to the Lord. IX. 352. Joel 2 : 13. Turn unto Me with all your heart. 
 IX. 395, 6. Amos 4:12. IX. 415. Amos 5:6. Seek the Lord, and 
 ye shall live. IX. 418. See also Jer. 29: 12, 13. VIII. 528, 529. Hosea 
 11:4. IX. 368, 369. 
 
 Christ's Pleading and Warning Words : 
 
 Matt. 11:28. Come unto Me, and I will give you rest. X. 180, 
 39O' 579- John 7:37'. If any man thirst let him come unto Me and 
 drink. X. 307. John 6: 37. Him that cometh to Me I will in no wise 
 cast out. X. 252. Matt. 6 : 33. Seek ye first the Kingdom of God and 
 His righteousness. X. 163. Matt. 6:24. Luke 16:13. Ye cannot 
 serve God and mammon. X. 162, 375. Matt. 12:30. He that is not 
 with Me is against Me. X. 187. John 5 : 40. Ye will not come unto 
 Me. X. 133. Lament over Jerusalem. Luke 19:41. X. 411. Matt. 
 23:37. X. 434, 437. Rev. 22: 17. The Spirit and the bride (church) 
 say. Come. And let him that heareth say, Come. (The believer's 
 great commission.) And whosoever will, let him take of the water 
 of life freely. XL 783, 785. 
 
 All these words of direct pleading show that God has ever been 
 first to love (Jer. 31 : 3. IX. 539), first to seek, and first to call to the 
 salvation promised at the Fall, through His own sacrifice. He gives 
 His heart to every sinning child, before He pleads, " My son, give 
 Me thy heart ! " VI. 389. He expresses His good will to men in the 
 abundance of natural and providential gifts, gratifying every sense 
 
T26 Call of God to Man. 
 
 and supplying every need. Matt. 5 : 45. Ps. 145 : 16. His very law 
 uttered from Sinai is prefaced upon an assurance of past goodness 
 and mercy, and followed by many pledges (conditioned only on obedi- 
 ence) of all possible mercy and blessing. Thus the Commandments 
 (all instinct with promise) impressively voice His call to men. And 
 the chief central symbol of the Ceremonial Institutes, the Altar for 
 Sacrifice, signifying His approach to man, not man's approach to Him, 
 gives the most signal and sublime emphasis to His Call. II. 362. The 
 altar an Oracle of Grace. 
 
 And the whole Bible is filled with the spirit of this great truth 
 and fact. It finds utterance in manifold forms, in History, Psalm and 
 Proverb, Prophecy and Epistle. Examples : Ps. 34 : 8. IV. 253. Prov. 
 23: 26. VI. 383. I Cor. 6: I, 2, 17. XI. 368, 9. 
 
 [To every penitent soul God says, " Put Me in remembrance ; let 
 us plead together." Tell Me not forever of thine unworthiness, thine 
 unfitness for My Kingdom. Tell me of My invitations to the guilty 
 and My promises to the lost. Tell Me of the blood that was shed 
 to save thee. Tell Me of the tears and prayers and righteousness, 
 the cross and passion, of My Son. Show Me that thou canst trust My 
 word. Only believe, and though thou wert as sinful as the cursing 
 Peter or as unworthy as the persecuting Saul, I, even I, am He that 
 blotteth out thy transgressions for Mine own sake, and will not re- 
 member thy sins." C. Bradley. 
 
 The " Friend of publicans and sinners " invites all who feel their 
 wretchedness to enter His communion; and announces Himself as the 
 " meek and lowly " One, repelling none because of their misery, con- 
 descending to the necessities of all, taking off the load from the weary 
 and burdened soul, and giving them joy and rest in His fellowship. 
 He makes no extravagant, impracticable demands. Obedience, in- 
 deed, He does require ; but an obedience which is easy and pleasant, 
 flowing spontaneously from the divine life within, and rendered in 
 the spirit of love. "Come unto Me (He says), and I will free you 
 from your burdens, and give you the peace for which you sigh. 
 Enter the fellowship of My disciples, and you shall obtain rest for 
 your souls." Meander.'] 
 
Foreknowledge — Foreordination. 127 
 
 CALLING AND ELECTION OF GOD. 
 
 FOREKNOWLEDGE; FOREORDINATION; CALLING; 
 
 ELECTION. 
 
 These are indissolubly linked in the order of Divine Procedure. 
 Rom. 8 : 29, 30. Whom He foreknew, He also foreordained, . . . 
 and whom He foreordained, He also called. 
 
 Foreknow; Foreknowledge. 
 
 Mainly five texts : Rom. 8 : 29. Whom He did foreknow. He also, 
 foreordained. Rom. 11:2. God has not cast off His people, whom 
 He did foreknow. Acts 2 : 23. Him, being delivered up by the deter- 
 minate (ordained, orizo) counsel and foreknowledge of God. i Pet. 
 1:1, 2. Elect (eklcctos) according to the foreknowledge of God. 
 I Pet. 20: 20. Christ foreknown before foundation of world. In these 
 only Netv Testament references to God's foreknowledge, two, the 
 first and fourth, intimate some connection between His foreknowledge 
 and His subsequent acting (foreordination in one case and election 
 in the other) in securing the believer's salvation. The Second text 
 refers to His foreknowledge of His ancient chosen people. The Third 
 and Fifth connect His ordaining act with His foreknowledge in the 
 delivering up of Christ to death for us. In all the explicit references 
 of Scripture, the Foreknowledge of God has to do exclusively v/ith 
 His merciful and gracious action in behalf of the saving of His own 
 chosen people. The Scripture is utterly silent here, and in all other 
 passages which refer to His unsearchable knowledge, as to the con- 
 nection between His foreknowledge and foreordination. It is surely 
 wisdom on our part to imitate its silence, in our satisfaction with the 
 result of that connection to us as saved believers. Proof of the fact 
 of God's Foreknowledge of all events, thoughts and deeds in all dura- 
 tion we find in His Eternal and Omniscient Being. In the glad con- 
 viction of the fact, we may find comfort, help and rest. 
 
 Foreordination. (A. v. renders the word "predestinate"; 
 R. v., more judiciously,- " foreordain," since the former word has 
 with many minds a flavor of arbitrary or partial acting.) Here also 
 the N. T. texts are very few, only four. Rom. 8 : 29, 30. Foreordained 
 to be conformed to the image of His Son. Whom He did foreordain, 
 
128 Calling and Election. 
 
 He called. Eph. 1:5, 11. Foreordained us unto adoption as sons. 
 Foreordained according to the purpose of Him, made a heritage in 
 Christ. XL 415. With even greater emphasis it should be noted that 
 these only direct Scriptural references to God's forcordination are 
 connected exclusively with .His saving processes, and immediately 
 afifect the spiritual transformation and adoption of the saved soul. 
 While the Scripture is silent as to God's reasons, it plainly unfolds 
 the gracious end or object of His foreordaining action. There is 
 absolutely no clue to His motive or reason except as we gather it 
 from the end or its effect (holiness and sonship) referred to above, 
 and from His revealed character. As disclosed it is a gracious fore- 
 ordination, and cannot be partial to any. Its operation must be im- 
 partial and universal, since no one is entitled by character or deed to 
 more than any other, all alike being sinners and unworthy. It should 
 be further noted that, while forcordination respects the gracious acts 
 and gifts of God in man's behalf, we read of no forcordination to faith 
 or repentance, or to any act required of man as a condition of salva- 
 tion. Forcordination, therefore, cannot possibly infringe upon the 
 free action with which man is solemnly invested by God. 
 
 That God's Forcordination includes the absolute and unlimited 
 control over all events and over the actions of all spiritual creatures, 
 appears conclusively in the fact that He is the Self-existent. Self- 
 sufficient, Eternal and Omnipotent Upholder and Ruler of the Uni- 
 verse which He Himself has created. In this assurance also our 
 comfort, help and rest may well be increased and our satisfaction in 
 God intensified. Read VIII. 488-492. Jer. 18:1-10. 
 
 Call, Calling, Called. Gr. Kalco. Call or invite. 
 
 Choose, Gr. Eklego. Chosen, Eklectos. Elect, Eklcctos. 
 Election, Ekloge. Note that the original word is one and the same 
 for all these renderings. Its primary meaning is Laid out or chosen. 
 
 Scriptural Uses of the Words Kaleo, or Calling, and 
 Eklego, or Choosing. Three texts only seem to discriminate by 
 combining them : Matt. 22 : 14. Many are called but few chosen. 2 
 Pet. i: ID. Make your calling and election sure. Rev. 17: 14. Called 
 and chosen. Careful study of the many passages containing one or 
 other of these words (Kaleo or Eklego) shows an almost general in- 
 terchangeableness in the use and in the application (practically in 
 the intent or meaning) of the two words. Taken together, all the 
 passages in which the two words arc found suggest and seem to 
 
Calling and Election. 129 
 
 intimate a Threefold Significance in the Words Kaleo and 
 Eklego, as interpreted by the entire text and context in each case. 
 In plainer words, the Scriptures appear to intimate 
 
 Three Kinds of Calling and Election. 
 
 1. A Calling or Choosing to Place, Function and Service. 
 Heb. 11:8. Abraham,, when he was called, obeyed to go out unto a 
 place. Heb. 5 : 4. Called of God, as was Aaron. John 6 : 70. Have 
 I not chosen you the twelve, and one of you is a devil. John 15: 16. 
 I chose you, and appointed you, that ye should go, etc. Jacob chosen 
 before Jiis birth as the progenitor of God's elect people. Rom. 9:11. 
 That the purpose of God according to election might stand, not of 
 works, but of Him that calleth, it was said unto her (Rebecca), The 
 older shall serve the younger. So also Pharaoh was appointed to his 
 place and service. Rom. 9:17. Hosea 11 :i. When Israel was a 
 child I loved him, and called My Son out of Egypt. XI. 368. Gal. i : 
 15-19. Paul's call to apostleship included herein. Also Ex. 35:30, 
 31. Bezalel. II. 284-286. 
 
 2. A Calling to Salvation, or Invitation to the Unsaved. 
 
 Matt. 9: 13. I came not to call the righteous, but sinners. This one 
 utterance of Christ at least is clear and conclusive upon this point. 
 And it furnishes a large interpretation of His words in Matt. 22 : 14. 
 Many are called but few chosen. The substance of this call variously 
 and repeatedly expressed by Christ, in personal invitation, " Come 
 unto Me," etc. In the, bidding of the Parables of the Great Supper, 
 etc. The call addressed to every one who wills to accept it. Matt. 
 16: 24. Rev. 22: 17. 
 
 3. An Effectual Call and Choice of God, Based upon His 
 
 Eternal Gracious Purpose, and carried into effect by His own Divine 
 energy through the Enlightening, Renewing and Sanctifying Spirit. 
 
 All the texts of the New Testament touching this subject, in- 
 cluding the terms Call (Kaleo) and Choice or Election (Eklego).. 
 except the few cited above, carry this profound and vital meaning.. 
 They intimate plainly an acting of God's Spirit within the soul, a call,, 
 based upon an eternal choice, that is efifective in the result of bringing 
 men to repentance and faith ; an actual intervention of Divine enero-y 
 in new-creating and sanctifying the spiritually dead and natively un- 
 holy soul. 
 
 In reading and pondering the texts which follow (and which' 
 include the main essential teachings of the New Testament Epistles. 
 
i^o 
 
 Calling and Election. 
 
 upon this theme), let it be definitely noted that they are addressed 
 or refer distinctly to " saints," i.e., actually sanctified believers. 
 
 Rom. 8:28, 30, 33. To them that love God all things work to- 
 gether for good, even to them that are called according to His pur- 
 pose. Whom He foreordained, them He also called ; and whom He 
 called, them He also justified. Who shall lay anything to the charge 
 of God's elect? XI. 240-242. Rom. 11:47. ^ Cor. 1:2, 2y, 28. 
 Them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints. God 
 chose the foolish, the weak, and the base things of the world, that 
 He might bring to nought the things that are, that no flesh should 
 glory before God. XI. 278. Gal. 1:15. It was the good pleasure of 
 God, who called me through His grace, to reveal His Son in me. XI. 
 393. Eph. 1 : 4-7. He chose us in Christ before the foundation of 
 the world, that we should be holy and without blemish in Him : hav- 
 ing in love foreordained us unto adoption as sons, through Jesus 
 Christ unto Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will, to 
 the praise of the glory of His grace. XI. 415, 416. Phil. 3:14. I 
 press on toward the goal unto the prize of the high (upward) calling 
 of God in Christ Jesus. XI. 460. i Thes. i : 4. Knowing, brethren 
 beloved of God, your election, because our gospel came not unto you 
 in word only, but also in power -^t--' i'- '■■ -- - Ghost, and in much 
 assurance. XI. 485. i Thes. 2:12. Walk worthily of God, who 
 calleth you into His Kingdom and glory, i Thes. 4:7. God called 
 us not for uncleanness, but in sanctification. i Thes. 5 : 24. Faithful 
 is He that calleth you, who also will do it. XL 497. 2 Thes. 2: 13, 14. 
 God chose you from the beginning unto salvation in sanctification 
 of the Spirit and belief of the truth. XI. 502. 2 Tim. i : 9. Who 
 saved us, and called us with a holy calling, not according to our 
 works, but according to His own purpose and grace, which was given 
 us in Christ Jesus before times eternal. XI. 530. Titus 1:1. Ac- 
 cording to the faith of God's elect. XL 545. i Pet. i : 2. Elect ac- 
 cording to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of 
 the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ. 
 XL 645. I Pet. 2 : 9. Ye are an elect race, a people for God's own 
 possession, that ye may show forth the excellencies of Him who 
 called you out of darkness into His marvelous light. XL 654. i Pet. 
 5 : ID. The God of all grace, who calleth you unto His eternal glory 
 in Christ, after that ye have suffered a little while, shall Himself 
 perfect, stablish, strengthen you. XL 669. 2 Pet. i : 10. Give the 
 more diligence to make your calling and election sure. XL 672. Jude 
 I. To them that are called, beloved in God the Father, and kept for 
 Jesus Christ. XL 708. Rev. 17:14. They also shall overcome that 
 
Election of God. 131 
 
 are with Him (the Lamb, Lord of lords) called and chosen and 
 faithful. 
 
 This group of inspired sentences, containing both proof and ex- 
 plication, may be fitly closed with the substance of Rom. 8:28-39, 
 that comprehensive chain of vital truths which sublimely summarizes 
 the " glorious Gospel of the blessed God." Note the successive points 
 in this marvelous disclosure: i. Comprehensively. To the called, 
 those that love God, all things are achieved and adjusted of God 
 for their present and eternal blessing. 2. In particular: The called, 
 or the lovers of God, are foreknown by Him. They are foreordained 
 by Him to a restored Childship. They are effectually called, justi- 
 fied (two- lacking links: regenerated, sanctified), and glorified. 3. 
 Wonderful zvords of coniirmation and assurance: None can harm, 
 since God is for them. Giving His unspared and devoted Son as 
 our Passover, He will surely and freely give them all other needful 
 things. None shall lay any charge against God's elect, since God 
 Himself is their Justifier. None can condemn, for Christ has died, 
 has risen, and evermore intercedes in their behalf. Neither suffer- 
 ing, poverty, peril, nor persecution here can part or sever them from 
 His love. And from that everlasting love, neither death nor life, nor 
 all created spirits throuq-hout all duration, shall be able to separate 
 them. All these, now incomprehensible blessings, are the sequences 
 of God's foreordination and election of believing, loving, quickened 
 and sanctified men. 
 
 Careful study of the above points and texts, of the entire topic 
 as thus far treated, suggests certain instructive and helpful 
 
 Considerations and Conclusions Respecting this Vital 
 Ground-Truth of Divine Election. 
 
 I. Suggestive Considerations. 
 
 (i) The spiritual temper and tone of these disclosures are 
 wholly alien to the thought of a God absorbed in the mere exercise 
 of sovereignty or satisfied with the mere indulgence in an arbitrary 
 will. His whole willing and acting, as here represented, are per- 
 vaded with the thought of a deep, intense, loving sympathy for, and 
 a yearning purpose to help His self-blinded and imperiled creatures. 
 It is the heart of God far more than His will that appears in His 
 eternal purpose of grace, and in all the steps His electing love pursues 
 to assure the achievement of that purpose in the redemption and 
 sanctification of sinful men. 
 
 (2) God declares, through the message of Moses to Israel, that 
 
132 Election of God. 
 
 His choice or election is based upon His love. Deut. y. y, 8. The 
 Lord did choose you because He loveth you. This message is re- 
 peated and emphasized by the Prophets and Apostles, and even more 
 distinctly and tenderly in the words and deeds of the Christ. And 
 since we are assured that " God so loved the world that He gave His 
 Son," and that " He by the grace of God tasted death for every man," 
 is not the conclusion natural and reasonable, that in the desire and 
 will of God His electing grace included in its purposed reach the 
 entire race of sinners? We may present this conclusion in another 
 form. 
 
 (3) As election is of grace, and as grace, having an equal reach 
 with promise, includes and enspheres the entire human race, it would 
 seem that in the desire and plan and will of God there is no limita- 
 tion of the sphere and reach of His gracious election. Acts 2 : 39. 
 To you is the promise, and to all that are afar ofif, even as many as 
 the Lord our God shall call unto Him. Rom. 5:20, 21. Where sin 
 abounded, grace did abound more exceedingly. Rom. 11:32. God 
 hath shut up all unto disobedience, that He might have mercy 
 upon all. 
 
 (4) Three utterances of Christ suffice to relieve the truth of the 
 Divine Election from possible connection with the conception of a 
 Divine " fate." " He that cometh unto Me shall in no wise be cast 
 out." " Ye will not come unto Me that ye may have life." " How 
 often would I have gathered thy children, etc., but ye would not." 
 Add to these the manifold declarations of God in both Testaments, 
 concisely expressed 2 Pet. 3:9. " The Lord is not slack concerning 
 His promise, but is longsufifering to you-ward, not wishing that any 
 should perish, but that all should come to repentance." These 
 abounding expressions absolutely rule out any conception or inter- 
 pretation of Election that makes it proceed from the mere arbitrary 
 decree or impassible purpose of God, irrespective of man's responsive 
 willing and acting. They assuredly connect it, in a manner unknown 
 to us, with the response of the individual man to the proffered grace 
 of God. And we know that in no inspired statement is found the 
 least intimation that God has planned, purposed, or prepared for any 
 human soul aught but salvation and everlasting life. Only the king- 
 dom of light and blessedness, Christ declares, Matt. 25 : 34, is prepared 
 for men. The realm of darkness and woe, to which the willfully dis- 
 obedient evildoers are consigned, was prepared for the devil and his 
 angels, v. 41. It would seem, then, that nothing but the resisting 
 rejecting will of the individual man has caused any actual limitation 
 in the exercise of the Divine election to eternal life. 
 
Election of God. 133 
 
 (5) Christ indeed says, John 6:44, No man can come to Me, 
 except the Father draw him. But note here: (a) Whatever the 
 "drawing" means, it is God as a Father who draws. (&) The 
 " drawing " is immediately, v. 45, explained : Every man that hath 
 heard (listened and heeded) from the Father, and hath learned (ac- 
 cepted the Father's gracious revelation of the Son) cometh unto Me. 
 Christ Himself strongly confirms this interpretation, John 12:32. I, 
 if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto Me. He 
 further illustrates this drawing influence in the Lost Son's remem- 
 brance of the Father's love, sharply emphasized by his wretchedness; 
 in a like sense of sin and remembrance of God's forgiving mercy that 
 bows the Publican's head in the temple, and constrains from his heart 
 the returning cry, " God be merciful to me, the sinner ! " On the 
 same lines of loving influence and gracious inducement, the Old 
 Testament Prophets explain this " drawing " of God. " I drew them," 
 Jehovah Himself affirms, " with cords of a man, zvitJi bauds of love." 
 Hosea 11:4. IX. 368. And further, to show the impossibility of at- 
 taching any idea of arbitrariness or partiality to God's electing act, 
 the same Jehovah declares — and the declaration summarizes the core 
 and substance of all His revealed words and deeds — " Yea, I have 
 loved thee with an everlasting love, therefore with lovingkindness 
 have I drawn thee." Jer. 31:3. VHI. 539-541. 
 
 (6) Christ teaches the supreme unlimited sovereignty of God 
 always, but He declares it to be the sovereignty of a Father, whose 
 tender mercies are over all His works ; of a Master an'd King who 
 is lonsiderate and equitable as well as benevolent and generous in all 
 His dealings with disciples and subjects ; a sovereignty exercised on 
 earth and in heaven with the desired end and designed aim of es- 
 tablishing a final, enduring Celestial Empire of pure, active and 
 happy spirits. This is the ultimate object, the final cause for which 
 His eternal, unlimited Sovereignty exists, for which it ever has been 
 and ever will be exercised. 
 
 (7) Other- practical questions bearing upon the truth of the 
 Divine Election have neither statement nor reference in the Scrip- 
 ture. They respect the inequalities that largely characterize and 
 qualify the distribution of capacities, opportunities and means in the 
 realms of Providence and Grace. The figure of the potter and the 
 clay, as used Jer. 18:4-10. VHI. 488-490, and referred to Job 10:9, 
 Isa. 64:8, Rom. 9:20-23, teaches plainly God's absolute sovereignty 
 over the life of every man. while as plainly it intimates that God's 
 action is determined by man's conduct, Jer. 18:7-10. It does not 
 teach (as has been said) that, since He is under no obligation to any, 
 
134 Election of God. 
 
 He may apportion advantages and disadvantages simply as He 
 pleases; that is, that He may deal arbitrarily and partially in dis- 
 criminating His gifts to men. Such action, as already intimated 
 above, is utterly discordant with and directly opposed to the entire 
 Scriptural revelation of His character and acting as a God of equity 
 and of grace. While this interpretation and these considerations 
 relieve the character of God from unjust conceptions in this matter 
 of the unequal distribution of His gifts, they furnish no explanation 
 of the inequalities which everywhere exist. In the silence of reve- 
 lation, and in the knowledge of His abundantly proved wisdom, fair- 
 ness and love, we may wpII refer tho "^nlution of all unanswered and 
 unanswerable problems to our Lord's promised future disclosure: 
 " What I do thou knowest not now, but thou shalt understand here- 
 after." And let us rest in the comforting assurance that He will be 
 justified and forever praised for all His working toward every man 
 in all the generations of time. So resting, we may fervently join in 
 the triumphant ascription of Paul as he closes his exposition of this 
 theme, Rom. ii : 33-36. O the depth of the riches both of the zi'isdom 
 and the knouiedge of God! How nnscarchablc are His judgments, 
 and His ways past tracing out! For of Him and through Him, and 
 unto Him, are all things. To Him be the glory forever! Amen! 
 
 2. Conclusions of Fact, Confirmatory and Helpful. 
 
 To the intelligent, thoughtful, experienced, and loyally self-con- 
 secrated believer, the truth of the Divine Election, as set forth above 
 in the texts and their suggestions, must become, with increasing ap- 
 preciativeness, one of his most sublime, vital and assuring convictions. 
 Such a believer cannot but recognize the force and accept the help 
 of these inspired statements with all their instructive inferences. 
 Upon the face of these Scriptures he reads these simple confirmatory 
 facts : 
 
 (i) That the actual subjects of God's electing grace are those 
 and only those who have themselves accep^orl divinely proffered mercy 
 and fulfilled the conditions of repentance, faith, love and obedience, 
 upon which the proffer was based. 
 
 (2) That all who have so accepted, repented, believed, loved and 
 obeyed are Divinely elected unto holiness and salvation. These two 
 facts intimate a vital, though not causal connection between God's 
 choice of the believer, and the believer's faith and obedience toward 
 God. 
 
 (3) The further fact that all the passages that distinctly in- 
 timate an effectual calling, or Divine election— that is, His gracious 
 
Election of God. 135 
 
 ensuring through the seeking, teaching and winning influences of 
 the Holy Spirit the acceptance of the call — are addressed directly and 
 exclusively to saints or believers, those who Jiave already accepted 
 and are elect. The only possible aim and purpose in the statement 
 of or reference to the doctrine must therefore be the spiritual in- 
 struction and help of those who are addressed, believers and saints. 
 And this purpose can be discerned in every text with its connections 
 of thought. Not only the reason for so large and varied a statement 
 of the doctrine, but its only legitimate and healthful effect, is found 
 in the inspiration, courage, strength, peace and rest which it brings 
 into the heart and life of the weak and wavering but true believer. 
 Such, in part, was its effect upon the penitent Peter, which drew 
 from his loyal heart in to the searching yet loving question 
 
 of the Christ the pathetic reply, which was both confession of his 
 own sin and a new confession of His Incarnate Lord, " Lord. Thou 
 knowcst all things; Thou knowest that I love Thee!" And such 
 must be its effect in every watchful, fervent, trustful spirit, since it 
 assures the helping eye and ear and arm of One whose wisdom, 
 might and love are alike infinite, and who actively puts forth all for 
 the believer's restoration to holy character and to an eternal heavenly 
 fellowship. 
 
 Urgent Counsels to Believers, as Elect of God. 
 
 Coh 3: 12-17. Put on therefore, as God's elect, holy and beloved, 
 a heart of compassion, kindness, humility, meekness, long-suffering; 
 forbearing one another and forgiving one another; and above all 
 these things love, which is the bond of perfectness. And let the 
 peace of God rule in your '----fc nnd be ye thankful. Let the word 
 of Christ dwell in you richly. And whatsoever ye do, in word or 
 deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the 
 Father through Him. XL 479. Eph. i : 4. He chose us in Him 
 (Christ), that we should be holy and without blemish before Him. 
 XL 415. Eph. 2: ID. Created in Christ Jesus for good works which 
 God afore prepared {Proctoiniazo, here and Rom. 9:23), that wc 
 should walk in them. XL 421. Eph. 4: i. Walk worthily of the call- 
 ing wherewith ye were called, with all lowliness and meekness, giving 
 diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. XL 
 530. I Thes. 2: 12. Walk worthily of God, who calleth you into His 
 own kingdom and glory, i Thes. 4 : 7. God called us not for unclean- 
 ness, but in sanctification. XL 491. 2 Tim. 2: 19. XL 534. Heb. 3: 
 I. Holy brethren, partakers of a heavenly calling, consider the Apostle 
 and High Priest of our confession, even Jesus, i Pet. i : 15. Like as 
 
136 Election of God. 
 
 He who called you is holy, be ye yourselves also holy in all manner of 
 living. XI. 649. I Pet. 2:9. Ye are an elect race, that ye may shew 
 forth the excellencies of Him who called you out of darkness into His 
 marvelous light. XI. 654. 2 Pet. i : 10. Give the more diligence to 
 make your calling and election sure. XI. 672. And we have the in- 
 spiring assurance, Faithful is he that calleth you, who also will do it. 
 2 Thes. 5 : 24. 
 
 No Directly Alternative or Converse Statement to the 
 Doctrine of Election Discernible in the Scriptures. 
 
 There is no corresponding positive statement touching those who 
 are not included among the elect, or the " saved by grace through 
 faith." No sentence or passage of the Bible can be reasonably con- 
 strued into a positive declaration that God has decreed any to doom 
 simply in the exercise of His own will, and irrespective of the char- 
 acter and conduct of the doomed. It is " ungodly men, turning the 
 grace of God into lasciviousness, and denying our only Master and 
 Lord, Jesus Christ, who were of old set forth (ordained, not /pre- 
 ordained) to this condemnation." Jude 4. It is " for such as dis- 
 believe," who " stumble at the word, being disobedient," to whom 
 Christ becomes " a stone of stumbling," " whereunto they were ap- 
 pointed." I Pet. 2:7, 8. It is the "wicked, slothful and unprofitable 
 servant" who is "cast into the outer darkness" (Matt. 25:26, 30) ; 
 "the cursed" who "go away into eternal punishment" (Matt. 25: 
 41, 46). In other words, no doctrine of "reprobation" proceeding 
 from the mere arbitrary will or decree of God is explicitly stated, nor 
 can it be exegetically nor reasonably inferred from any passage in 
 the Word of God. 
 
 As presenting further confirmatory and helpful consider- 
 ations respecting this Doctrine, and even more, for the broad 
 reach and large practical application of its own teachings, 
 a thoughtful study should here be given to the theme: 
 
Agency, Divine and Human. 
 
 137 
 
 AGENCY, DIVINE AND HUMAN, in Providence and Re- 
 demption. Divine Willing and Working the Source and 
 Cause. Human Willing and Doing a Condition and Means. 
 
 Human Agency Demanded. Divine Agency Assures Results. 
 
 In Providence. 
 
 Gen. 3: 19. In the sweat of thy 
 face eat bread. 
 
 2 Tim. 2: 6. Husbandman that la- 
 boreth must be the first to par- 
 take of the fruits. 
 
 2 Thes. 3: 10. If any will not 
 work, neither let him eat. 
 
 Ps. 104: 14. He causeth grass to 
 grow and herb for the service 
 of man. 
 
 Isa. 55 : 10. Giveth bread to the 
 eater and seed to the sower. 
 
 Matt. 6:11. Give us our daily 
 bread. 
 
 In Redemption. 
 
 Phil. 2: 12. Work out your own 
 
 salvation. 
 Lev. 19:14. Thou shalt fear thy 
 
 God. 
 Isa. 1:16. Wash yoir, make you 
 
 clean. 
 Ezek. 18:31. Make you a new 
 
 heart. 
 Eph. 4 : 2^. Be renewed in the 
 
 spirit of your mind. 
 Eph. 4 : 24. Put off the old man, 
 
 put on the new. 
 Prov. 4 : 23. Keep thy heart. 
 
 Prov. 3:1. Let thy heart keep 
 
 My commandments. 
 I Tim. 5 : 22. Keep thyself pure. 
 
 I Pet. 1 : 5. Kept through faith 
 Phil. 4: 13. I can do all things 
 
 God worketh in you to will and 
 
 to do. 
 Jer. 32 : 4. I will put my fear in 
 
 their hearts. 
 Ps. 51 : 10. Create a clean heart 
 
 in me, O God. 
 Ezek. 26 : 36. A new heart will I 
 
 give you. 
 2 Cor. 4: 16. Our inward man is 
 
 renewed day by day. 
 Col. 3: 10. The new man is being 
 
 renewed. 
 Phil. 4:7. Peace of God shall 
 
 keep your hearts. 
 Jer. 31:33. I will write My law 
 
 in their hearts. 
 Jude 24. To Him that is able to 
 
 keep you. 
 By the power of God. 
 Through Christ who strengthen- 
 
 eth me. 
 
138 Agency, Divine and Human. 
 
 Phil. 3: 12. I press on that I may 
 
 apprehend that For which I was apprehended by- 
 
 Christ Jesus. 
 I Cor. 16:13. Stand fast, quit 2 Cor. 12. My strength is made 
 
 you like men, be strong. perfect in weakness. 
 
 1 Pet. 1 : 22. Ye have purified 
 
 yourselves through the Spirit. 
 
 Rom. 8: 13. Ye mortify the deeds 
 
 of the body by the Spirit. 
 
 2 Thes. 2: 13. Belief of the truth 
 
 and sanctification of the Spirit. 
 
 Luke 13:23. Strive to enter in by John 10:9. By Me if any man 
 
 the narrow door. enter in, he shall be saved. 
 
 Matt. 11:28. Come unto Me. John 6:44. No man can come to 
 John 5 : 40. Me except the Father draw 
 
 him. 
 Matt. 5:48. Be perfect, Heb. 13:21. God make you per- 
 
 fect. 
 2 Tim. 1 : 14. That good thing 
 
 keep By the Holy Ghost who dwelleth 
 
 in us. 
 Jude 21. Keep yourselves in the Rom. 5:5. The love of God is 
 love of God. shed abroad in our hearts by 
 
 the Holy Ghost. 
 John 15:4. Abide in Me and I in you. 
 
 " Demand what Thou wilt, only give what Thou demandest."' 
 Augustine. 
 
 The Potter and clay. Jer. 18:1-10. Divine side, vs. 1-6. God 
 Sovereign in National and Individual life. VHI. 488. Also Job 10: 9. 
 Isa. 64:8. Rom. 9: 10. Human side, vs. 7-10. Influenced by man. 
 VIII. 489-492. 
 
 Intervolution of Divine and human plans illustrated: VII. 61, 62, 
 154, 211-214. 
 
 A careful and exhaustive study of the texts and points presented 
 above can hardly fail to remove all real practical difficulties touching 
 the seemingly irreconcilable facts of Divine Sovereignty and Human 
 Freedom. The Bible neither directly presents, nor does it attempt 
 to harmonize the related and combined action of God and man. It 
 simply ignores the question of difficulties. Only curious and specu- 
 lative thinking has raised and interminably discussed these, to no 
 
Kingdom of God. 139 
 
 spiritual profit, and without any conclusive or advantageous result. 
 By throwing an impenetrable veil over this question, it puts it out 
 of the sphere of reasonable consideration, and so removes it out of 
 the list of possible perplexities and doubts for every right-minded 
 believer. On the one hand the Bible claims for God an absolute 
 Sovereignty over all being and events. On the other, it recognizes 
 and affirms man's freedom by its direct oft-repeated demand that this 
 freedom itself be faithfully exercised in meeting and fulfilling, to the 
 utmost of his ability and endeavor, all the righteous purposes and 
 gracious provisions of the Sovereign God in redeeming, sanctifying 
 and. saving men. And in vital conjunction with this demand the 
 Book of God assures the compliant, fervent, believing man that the 
 Sovereign power and grace of God are engaged to second and secure 
 the promised blessed result. 
 
 [When treating of the divine efficiency in redemption and of the 
 divine origination of it, Paul speaks freely and unreservedly from 
 the standpoint of God's good pleasure in the choice of men to salva- 
 tion; when speaking of the human conditions of its appropriation he 
 speaks as unreservedly from that point of view, laying full, strong 
 emphasis upon the capacity of men to receive or reject the offered 
 grace, and upon their responsibility for their choice. . . . When 
 the aim is to humble human pride and pretension before the sovereign 
 might of God, he overleaps all human conditions, and without defini- 
 tion or qualification asserts the divine absoluteness, gs though God 
 dealt with men as the potter deals with passive clay. But when the 
 aim is to silence h'uman excuses for neglect and disobedience, he 
 brings into full prominence the free wrong choices and conduct of 
 men as the reason for God's rejection and condemnation. These two 
 truths Paul asserts with equal energy and plainness. He adds no 
 word of comment upon their relation to each other. He betrays no 
 consciousness of any conflict or contradiction between them. G. B. 
 Stevens.'] 
 
 KINGDOM OF GOD. 
 
 Messiah, King of the Kingdom; Christ, Head of the 
 Church. 
 
 Ps. 2:6. I set My King upon holy hill. IV. 51-54. Ps. no: i, 2. 
 V. 231-233. Ps. 24: 10. IV. 192. Isa. 6: 5. VIII. 44, 65, 66. Jer. 23: 
 5. VIII. 504. Ezek. 2)7 '■~^- I^- ^66. Daniel. IX. 237, 252, 3. Zech. 
 
i^o Kingdom of God. 
 
 9:9. John 12:15. Thy King cometh. IX. 589, 590. John 11 : 13-15. 
 John- 18:37. Matt. 25:31-34. i Tim. 6:15. Rev. 17:14- King of 
 kings. Rev. 11: 15. XI. 753. 
 
 The Kingdom of the Psalms. 
 
 A City, Zion or Jerusalem. Ps. 46:4-7- IV. 333-337- Ps. 48: 1-3, 
 11-14. IV. 342-346. Ps. 87: 1-3. V. 85-89. 
 
 A Universal Dominion. Ps. 72:1, 8. IV. 479-486. Ps. 89:36. 
 V. loi. 
 
 A Bride of the King. Ps. 45: 10-15. V. 326-331. 
 
 Sphere of the Kingdom. Not outward and visible, but within 
 the spirit, invisible. Luke 17:20, 21. Cometh not with observation. 
 Is within you. X. 381. i Cor. 4:20. Not in word, but in power. 
 John 18:36. My Kingdom not of this world. 
 
 Regeneration a condition of membership. John 3 : 5. Ex- 
 cept a man be born (anew) of the Spirit, he cannot enter. X. 88. 
 I Cor. 6:9, 10. Unrighteous cannot inherit the K. Nor extortioners, 
 covetous, drunkards, etc. Eph. 5 : 5. 
 
 Fruits of membership, and quaUfications for it. Rom. 14: 
 17. Not meat and drink, but righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy 
 Ghost. Mark 10: 14. Of such (the childlike) is the K. of God. Luke 
 6:20. Yours (poor in spirit) is the K. Read note XL 467. Ps. 15. 
 IV. 113-117. Ps. 24:3-6. IV. 189-191. 
 
 Extension of the Kingdom through the GospeL Col. 1 : 
 5, 6. Gospel in all the world bearing fruit and increasing. 2 Thes. 
 3: I. The word of the Lord have free course. Mark 16: 15. Tn all 
 the world, preach the Gospel to the whole creation. 
 
 Its Ultimate Reach and Final Triumph. Isa. 11:9. Earth 
 full of the knowledge of God. VIII. 80. Jer. 31:34- AH shall know 
 the Lord, from least to greatest. VIII. 550. Dan. 2:44, 45. Stone 
 cut out of mountain. IX. 234-237. Rev. 11:15. Kingdoms of this 
 world become the K. of our Lord and His Christ. XT. 750, 753. Ps. 
 72: II, 17. All nations shall serve Him. Call Him blessed. IV. 483- 
 486. Isa. 45:23. Rom. 14:11. Phil. 2:10. Every knee shall bow 
 and every tongue confess. VIII. 241. Ps. 87. V. 87-89. 
 
 Other Missionary Passages: Isa. 2:2-4. VIII. 27, 28. IX. 479- 
 .481. Isa. 42:4, 10-13. VIII. 221, 223. Isa. 60. Golden Age. VIII. 
 
Heaven of God. 141 
 
 345-352. Isa. 62:1, 2, 7. VIII. 359-361. Isa. 65:17-25. VIII. 378- 
 380. Zech. 4:7. IX. 567. Zech. 9: 10. IX. 591. Zech. 14:8-21. IX. 
 616-619. Hag. 2:22. Mai. 3: 10. IX. 643. (A broad and assuring 
 basis for the prayer, "Thy Kingdom come.") Ps. 45. For full treat- 
 ment of Missions, sec Top. An. pp. 
 
 The Kingdom Stable and Enduring. Heb. 12 : 28. A king- 
 dom that cannot be shaken. XI. 612. Ps. 145: 13. Everlasting through 
 all generations. Dan. 4:34. An everlasting dominion. 2 Pet. i: 11. 
 Of Christ. Luke i : t^t^. Of His Kingdom shall be no end. Tri- 
 umphant over Foes. VII. 201-203. 
 
 ' For other instructive points, see Top. An., pp. 258-263. 
 
 [The highest Kingdom we can conceive to exist is one whicii 
 aims at the holiness of all that belong to it; which has love for its 
 common principle; which has for its head a Being who unites all 
 human with all divine perfections ; who has himself suffered for all 
 the members of this Kingdom and in their stead; and who will reign 
 over and within them, not only for this life, but also for that which 
 is to come. In such a Kingdom all are bound together by the strongest 
 ties for the highest objects. And such is the Kingdom of which 
 Jesus Christ is the Head and redeemed men the body. Beyond the 
 idea of such a system, centering in such a Being, human thought is 
 impotent to advance and the human heart has nothing real to desire: 
 it satisfies all within us which is not sinful, and it is its crowning 
 glory that it subdues our sinfulness itself. . . . Never is the soul 
 so conscious of its -full capacities of thought and feeling, never does 
 it throb with such unwonted and divine life, as when it has most 
 fully grasped the majestic reality of the Christian faith as a wondrous 
 and harmonious whole, tending to the highest imaginable end, and 
 centering in that glorious Being who unites divinity with humanity 
 and reconciles heaven with earth. Henry B. Smith.'] Read the zvhole 
 uplifting and inspiring paragraph, XL 467. 
 
 HEAVEN OF GOD. 
 
 The word is Heavens in O. T. ; Hcavoi in the N^ew. It has two 
 uses or meanings : 
 
 I. Definite. The immeasurable Expanse or Universe, enclosing 
 innumerable Stellar Bodies visible and invisible, including our Sun 
 and its Planetary System. Gen. 1:1. God created the heaven and' 
 
142 Heaven of God. 
 
 the earth. I. 93, 98. Isa. 40: 12, 22, 26. The heavens as a curtain. 
 Bringeth out their host by number, calleth them all by name. VIII. 
 209-211, V. 486. Ps. 19: 1-6. The heavens declare the glory of God. 
 Firmament, Sun. IV. 146-151. Ps. 8:3. The heavens, the moon and 
 stars Thou hast ordained. IV. 76-81. Jer. 2-^: 24. Do not I fill heaven 
 and earth? VIII. 511. Jer. 32:17. VII. 445. Isa. 34:4. Host of 
 heaven dissolved. VIII. 169, 170. 2 Pet. 3:7, 10-13. XI. 677, 8. 
 
 2. The Undefined Sphere (Eternal Dwelling-Place) 
 of the Peculiar Presence of the Most High God, in Per- 
 sonal Fellowship with Worshiping Hosts, Angels and 
 Saints, and in Responsive Relations to Redeemed Men 
 on Earth. 
 
 The general texts are many, and varied in points of appli- 
 cation: Gen. 28: 17. Gate of heaven. I. 446. 2 Chron. 30: 27. Prayer 
 came up to His holy habitation, even to heaven. Ps. 20 : 6. Will hear 
 from His holy heaven. IV. 165. Ps. 73:25. In heaven but Thee. V. 
 12. Ezra I : 2. God of heaven. VII. 493. Mai. 3 : 10. Open the win- 
 dows of heaven. Luke 3 : 3. Kingdom of heaven. X. 57. John 3 : 3. 
 Cannot see Kingdom. Matt. 5 : 12. Reward in heaven. X. 147. Father 
 in Heaven. Matt. 5:45; 7:21; 6:9, 10. X. 157, 8. Matt. 6:20. 
 Treasure in heaven. X. 161. Luke 20:36. Angels of God in heaven. 
 X. 428. Luke 10:20. Nam.es written in heaven. X. 321. Luke 20: 
 
 4. Baptism of John, from heaven. John 3:31. Cometh from heaven. 
 6:38. I came down from heaven, i Cor. 15:47. Second man, Lord 
 from heaven. Eph. 3:15. Family in heaven. XL 425. Col. 1:5. 
 Hope laid up in heaven. Heb. 9 : 24. Christ is entered into heaven 
 for us. Heb. 12:23. First-born written in heaven, i Pet. 1:4. In- 
 heritance in heaven. XL 646. Rev. 4:2. Throne in heaven. XL 738.^ 
 11:12. Temple in heaven. XL 753. 
 
 Figurative Representations: Heavenly Country. Heb. 11: 
 14-16. They seek, desire a better country, even an heavenly. XL 599. 
 Heavenly Places. Eph. i : 3. All spiritual blessings in the heavenly 
 places in Christ. XL 415. Eph. 2:6, 7. Sit together with Christ in 
 h. p. XL 420. Eph. 3: 10. Principalities in h. p. XL 424. John 14:2. 
 In My Father's house are many abiding places. I go, etc. X. 480. 
 Rest for God's people. 
 
 The rest that remaineth for the people of God. Ps. 95: 11. V. 144, 
 
 5. Heb. 3: II, 18; 4: I, 5, 9. 10, II. XL 566-568. Job. 3: 17. VI. 31. 
 
Heaven of God. 143 
 
 2 Thes. 1:7. To troubled, rest with us. Rev. 14:13. Blessed who 
 die in the Lord; they rest from their labors. XI. 759. An Inheritance. 
 I Pet. I : 4. An inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, that fadeth not 
 away, reserved in heaven. XI. 645. Rom. 8: 16, 17. If children, heirs 
 of God and joint-heirs with Christ, that we may be glorified together. 
 XI. 237. A Kingdom that cannot he moved. Heb. 12 : 28. XL 612. 
 
 Chief Figure, Definite and Impressive. The City of 
 the Living God, the Heavenly Jerusalem. Heb. 12 : 22. The 
 
 Church or Kingdom of God, on earth prefigured by the Zion and 
 Jerusalem of David. (IV. 343, V. 85, VIII. 123, 271, 349; Ezek. 48: 
 35. IX. 198.) The Church, or Kingdom in heaven, expands the 
 figure. Heb. 11: 10, 16. He hath prepared for them a city. Whose 
 builder and maker is God. XL 598, 599. Heb. 13 : 14. Here no con- 
 tinuing city, but seek one to come. XL 615. Rev. 3:12. Name of 
 the City of my God, the new Jerusalem. XL 734. Rev. 21 : 2, 10-12, 
 22, etc. Holy City, new Jerusalem. Great City, holy Jerusalem. XL 
 775-779- 
 
 Manifold promises of deliverance from present trial refer 
 to the soul's entrance into the Nev/ Jerusalem above. 
 
 From that Heavenly City of God it is declared that all ills, evils 
 and sufferings shall be forever banished. Isa. 33 : 24. The inhabitant 
 shall not say, I am sick. VIII. 166. Rev. 21 : 4. He shall wipe away 
 every tear; and death shall be no more; neither shall there be mourn- 
 ing, nor crying, nor {fain any more. XL 778. Rev. 22 : 3. There shall 
 be no curse any more. V. 4. There shall be night no more, and they 
 need no light of lamp, neither light of sun. XL 781, 2. Rev. 7: 16. 
 Hunger no more, neither thirst any more ; neither shall the sun strike 
 them, nor any heat. XL 7x7. Isa. 49: 10. Job 3: 17. Wicked cease 
 from troubling (including evil spirits, evil men, evil thoughts, desires, 
 passions, every form of temptation and tempter to sin), and the weary 
 are at rest. VI. 31. 32. Rev. 21:27. Nothing that defileth, worketh 
 abomination or maketh a lie. Thus the Scriptures affirm the removal 
 of all known sources of disquiet and unhappiness in the present life. 
 
 Clear and Abundant Intimations, in positive forms, 
 of abiding happiness in the experiences of the heavenly 
 
 life, (i) At the outset of that life is heard the zvelcome of Christ 
 (Matt. 25:34) : Come, ye blessed of My Father, inherit the Kingdom 
 prepared for you. X. 462. (2) A glorified body assured, i Cor. 15: 
 
144 Heaven of God. 
 
 49-53. We shall bear the image of the heavenly. XI. 339, 340. Phil. 
 3 : 21. Who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, conformed 
 to the body of His glory. XL 461. (3) Immeasurably augmented 
 knowledge for the adequately enlarged intellect, i Cor. 13: 9, 10, 12. 
 Then shall I know (fully) even as also I have been known (fully). 
 XL 325-327. John 13: 7. What I do thou knowest not now; but thou 
 shalt understand hereafter. X. 469. (4) Love perfected and pure, 
 with an abiding vision of Christ, a restored intimacy with the loved 
 on earth, and an unlimited expansion of affectionate fellowship with 
 all pure spirits, angelic and redeemed. Face to face. IL 276. i Cor. 
 13: 13. Abideth love. XL 327. Phil, i : 23. To be with Christ . . . 
 is very far better. XL 449, XL 610, last note. Rev. 21 : 3. He will 
 dwell with them. XL yyy. (5) Enlarged capacities and opportunities 
 for service by the utterly consecrated will. Rev. 22 : 3. His servants 
 shall serve Him. XL 781. Rev. 7: 15. Serve Him day and night. 
 And herein is affirmed a changeless spiritual body, and is implied an 
 endless development and progression in force and exercise of every 
 godlike faculty of the immortal human spirit. 
 
 Other Scriptures intimating the positive abiding 
 blessedness of redeemed saints, isa. 35:10. The redeemed 
 
 shall walk there; and everlasting joy shall . . . they obtain. 
 VHL 176, 7. Dan. 12:3. They that turn many to righteousness shall 
 shine as the stars forever. IX. 324, 5. Rev. 14: 13. Their works do 
 follow them. XL 759. Rom. 2:7. To them who by patience in well- 
 doing seek for glory, honor, and incorruption, eternal life. XL 205. 
 Ps. 16: II. In Thy presence is fullness of iov. in Thy right hand there 
 are pleasures for evermore. IV. 122-125. Ps. 17: 15. I shall be satis- 
 fied, when I awake, with Thy likeness. IV. 129-133. Ps. 23:6. I will 
 dwell in the house of the Lord forever. IV. 186, 187. Ps. y^i '■ ^4- Anrf 
 afterward receive me to glory. V. 11-13. Isa. 33: 17. See the King 
 in His beauty. VIII. 165. Mai. 3:17. Mine when I make up My 
 jewels. IX. 648. 
 
 The inspired disclosures touching the Heavenly State may be 
 summed up in the 
 
 Comprehensive Affirmation of Heb. 12:23, 24, illus- 
 trated by the sublime pictures of Rev. 5: 5-14; 7:9-17: 14: 1-5. 
 
 Heb. 12:23, 24. Ye are come unto the city of the Living God, 
 the heavenly Jerusalem. Described Rev. 21: 10-27; 22: 1-5. XL 774- 
 782. To innumerable hosts of angels. Rev. 5:11. Many angels round 
 
Heaven of God. 145 
 
 about the throne. 7:11. To the general assembly and church of the 
 first-born who are enrolled in heaven. The innumerable Company of 
 the Redeemed. Rev. 7 : 9. A great multitude, which no man could 
 number, of all nations, kindreds, peoples and tongues. XI. 746. Rev. 
 14: I, 3. XL 759. To God the Judge of all. Rev. 20: 11-15. A great 
 white throne. The dead, small and great, before God. XI. 770. To the 
 spirits of just {justified) men made perfect. XI. 610. An intimation, 
 possibly, of special fellowship with saints, or kindred spirits. 
 
 Supreme emphasis should be given to the final particular. 
 
 To Jesus, the Mediator of a New Covenant and to the 
 
 Blood of Sprinkling. XI. 611. Christ the One Figure and His 
 Sacrifice the One Theme, Central and Vital to the Vision, the Sig- 
 nificance, and the Realization of Heaven. Rev. 5 : 6-14. Lo, in the 
 midst of the throne a Lamb standing, as though it had been slain. 
 And I heard a voice of many angels, and the living creatures (repre- 
 senting all animate and sentient creatures), and the elders (the 
 church of all ages) ; saying. Worthy is the Lamb that hath been slain 
 to receive power, riches, wisdom, might, honor, glory and blessing. 
 XI. 741. Rev. 7:9-12. XI. 746, 7. Rev. 14: i, 4. Behold the Lamb 
 standing on the Mount Zion. XI. 759. Responsive expressions are 
 many, and embody most precious promises and hopes. Isa. 33:17. 
 See the King in His beauty. VIII. 165, 6. John 14:3. Receive you 
 unto Myself. X. 480. John 17:24. Be with Me where I am, that 
 they may behold My glory. X. 510. Rom. 8: 17. Glorified together 
 with Him. XI. 2T,y. ' 2 Cor. 5 : 8. Willing to be at home with the 
 Lord. XL 362. I John 3 : 2. We know that we shall be like Him, for 
 we shall see Him as He is. XI. 690. Rev. 22:4. His servants shall 
 see His face. XI. 774, 5. i Thes. 5: 10. Who died for us that we 
 should live together with Him. XI. 495. i Thes. 4:14-18. Them 
 that are fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with Him. And so shall 
 zve ever be with the Lord. XI. 493. V. 18. Wherefore comfort one 
 another with these words. Effect of the Vision of God. II. 276. 
 
 Conclude the study of this sublime theme with the impressive 
 and inspiring comment upon Chapters 21 and 22 of the Revelation, 
 Vol. XI. pp. 773-786. 
 
146 Man: Creation and Constitution. 
 
 PART II. 
 BIBLE TEACHINGS CONCERNING MAN. 
 
 MAN : Creation and Constitution. 
 
 Direct Creation by God. Hcb. Bara, prepare, form, fash- 
 ion, create. Gen. 1:27. God created man. I. 131-133. Gen. 5:1. 
 Deut. 4:32. Isa. 45: 12. Original Estate and Antiquity of Man. I. 
 139-148. Job 8: 9. VI. 55, 6. Dawson. 
 
 Constituent Elements of His Complex Being. 
 
 I. Body. Heh. Basar, flesh; Gr. Soma. Gen. 2:7. And the 
 Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground. I. 132-134. Eccles. 
 12: 7. The dust return to the earth as it was. VI. 515. Eccles. 3 : 18- 
 20. VI. 463. 
 
 I Cor. 15:44, 47, 49. There is a natural body. The first man 
 is of the earth, earthy. We have borne the image of the earthy. XI. 
 338, 339. I Cor. 6: 15, 19. Your bodies are members of Christ. 
 Your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you. XL 298. 
 Rom. 8 : 23. Redemption of our body. XL 238. 
 
 i Soul, Hcb. Ncphesh; Gr. Psiikc = Animal Soul. 
 ^' \ Spirit, Hcb. Rnach, Wind ; Gr. Pnciima. 
 
 Gen. 2:';. Breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man 
 became a Living Soul. I. 133-135. Matt. 10:28; 16:26. i Thes. 5: 
 23. Num. 16:22. The God of the spirits of all flesh. Heb. 12:9. 
 The Father of spirits. Ps. 32:2; 51: 10. Prov. 18: 14. John 4:23. 
 Rom. 8:16. I Cor. 2: it; 6:20. Glorify God in your body and 
 spirit. I Thes. 5 : 23. Your spirit, soul and body. XL 497. Prov. 
 20: 27. The spirit {Heb. neshamah) of man is the candle of the Lord. 
 VI. 368. 
 
 For Scriptural uses of the zvords " Soul " and " Spirit," see Top. 
 An., p. 299. 
 
 Man Made in the Image of God. 
 
 One man created, superior to all other creatures. I. 153-155. Gen. 
 26, 27. And God said. Let Us make man in Our image, after Our 
 
Spiritual Faculties. 147 
 
 likeness. And God created man in His own image, in the image of 
 God created He him. I. 133-138. Gen. 5:1. God created man in 
 the likeness of God. Eph. 4 : 24. Put on the new man, which is after 
 God, created in righteousness and holiness of truth. Col. 3 : 10. Put 
 on the new man which is being renewed unto knowledge after the 
 image of Him that created him. For exposition see Top. An., pp. 300- 
 302. 
 
 Elemental Endowments, or Faculties, of Man's Spir- 
 itual Nature. 
 
 1. Intellect, Reason, Understanding. Inchiding powers of 
 Observation, Perception, Apprehension, Conception, Reflection, Com- 
 parison and Judgment. 
 
 2. Heart (in restricted sense) or Sensibility. Including the 
 Affections, Emotions and Desires. 
 
 3. Will, or Self-Determining Power. Including Preference 
 and Choice, Purpose and Decision. 
 
 Of these three, only the Intellect may be exercised alone, and 
 then only upon abstract themes of thought. In the customary pro- 
 cesses of mental action, the relation between the three may be stated 
 in a single sentence : The wide-visioned intellect discloses .to and im- 
 presses upon the sensibilities various objects of interest and attrac- 
 tion, and so excites emotion, affection or desire ; while, in their turn, 
 stirred feeling and excited desire act with motive force upon the will 
 to choose and seek the desired objects. 
 
 4. Conscience, the Moral Faculty of Man's Nature. 
 
 Besides the ordinary mutual relations, just referred to, of the 
 three co-existing and co-acting faculties of the Mind or spiritual 
 structure, they all are vitally related to the moral element which 
 forms the chief and highest characteristic in the God-created nature 
 of man. As a responsible, personally accountable being, man finds 
 deeply implanted in the heart of his consciousness a threefold capa- 
 city and conviction concerning right and wrong, good and evil. He 
 possesses, and knows that .he possesses, a pozver of moral knowledge, 
 an intuitive knowledge of the right and the wrong, the good and the 
 evil. He cherishes, and knows that he cherishes, in his inmost heart 
 a power of moral affection, a capacity and intuitive demand for do 
 
148 Early Spiritual History. 
 
 siring and loving the right or the wrong, the good or the evil. And 
 he is profoundly conscious, and knows that he is conscious, of the 
 possession of a pozvcr of moral freedom in his every choice and act, 
 a capacity of will that knowingly determines to seek, and determinedly 
 seeks and enacts the right or the wrong, the good or the evil. This 
 power, with its threefold media of acting, the Scripture calls Con- 
 science. We name it, according to the faculty through which it acts, 
 the moral judgment, the moral feeling, or the moral force. This 
 Conscience, in its normal condition and attitude, dictates nothing 
 other than the seeking and yielding obedience to the right and the 
 good. And the actual response to its mandate determines the moral 
 character of every human soul, that which he is in the sight of God, 
 righteous or wicked, justified or condemned. 
 
 Endowed with an Immortal and Indestructible Exist- 
 ence. 
 
 This is a part of the original gift of God in the creation of man, 
 entirely distinct from the faculties included in his spiritual nature. 
 It is an added endowment to his being and powers, a bestowal of an 
 eternal existence for the enjoyment of being, in the exercise and 
 expansion of these powers. 
 
 Thus far as respects the Creation and Constitution of Man. Next 
 as to his 
 
 Early Spiritual Experiences and History. 
 
 After Creation, Man Blessed with Home and Work in 
 Eden. 
 
 Under the conscious smile, the fostering care and the manifest 
 love of his Divine Creator, he enjoys the high, sweet privilege of 
 fellowship and communion with his Father God. This is intimated 
 in Gen. 2: 18, 28, 31; in the helpmeet made for and given to Adam, 
 in the large and varied blessing of God upon them, and in the declara- 
 tion immediately following, " God saw everything that He had made, 
 and, behold, it was very good." It is also intimated in Gen. 3:8-11, 
 in the colloquy of God with Adam " in the garden in the cool of the 
 day." The voice of God had been heard before, and gladly re- 
 sponded to in the previous days of their innocence, and those days 
 had, doubtless, been many enough for large and blessed discourse, 
 and for abundant instruction upon every needed point of love and 
 duty and service. Read I. 166-168. 
 
Man's Test and Failure. 149 
 
 In Eden Man Placed under Law by his Creator and 
 Moral Governor. 
 
 He was subjected to a simple test of love and obedience ; a test 
 of zvillingncss to respond to his Creator's love, to conform his will 
 to the Sovereign Will and rightful Authority of the Infinite and 
 Eternal God. A creature of intelligence, affection and freedom in 
 choice and action, knowing himself the recipient of his Creator's af- 
 fection and bounty as shown by His gift of godlike capacities and 
 by ample Providential blessings, a requital of affection and response 
 of obedience was known and felt by him to be his natural and 
 imperative obligation. And this love and obedience were the only 
 elements of the Law under which he was placed. From the nature 
 and relations of God and His spiritual creatures, there can be no other 
 requirements than these. The particular test demanded no positive 
 or painful exertion and achievement. It asked only a small self- 
 denial, the abstinence from a single self-indulgence which itself was 
 absolutely needless for his comfort or enjoyment, nay, which his 
 Creator's truthful word declared would prove destructive to his peace 
 and happiness. Read I. 169-171. [The thing to be observed is, that 
 obedience alone describes the original probation of man. It matters 
 not at all whether the interdicted act be in itself great or small— it 
 was a test of obedience. IV. Adams.'] 
 
 Man's Failure under the Test; His Disobedience 
 through Self-indulgence, His Rejection of Divine Au- 
 thority through Self -Will. 
 
 It is true and should be considered on the side of Man, not as 
 palliative or excuse of his transgression, but in simple justice to the 
 first sinner as compared with multitudes among his successors, that 
 his first movement toward disobedience did not come immediately 
 from his own reasonings, impulses and determination. Another Agent, 
 in the person of the Head of already Fallen Angels, intervened to 
 deceive and to tempt the untried and unproved man by false state- 
 ments and insidious appeals. Thus, through the strength of excited 
 desires in man's whole nature, and the weakness of his whole nature, 
 a newly developed force of Self-Pride, Self-indulgence and Self-Will, 
 led the first pair deliberately and determinedly to disobey God, to 
 reject His Love and Fellowship, to set at nought and defy His Sov- 
 ereign, wise and rightful authority. Read I. 172-182. 
 
150 Man's Changed Character and Condition. 
 
 Resulting Transformation of Character and Condi- 
 tion. Reversal of Standing before God and His Law of 
 Love and Holiness. 
 
 From his original innocence, righteousness and purity, favor with 
 God, and blessedness in God's companionship, he passed at once into 
 a state of guilt and unrighteousness, of disfavor with God and of 
 banishment from His fellowship, and so of inward wretchedness. 
 From thenceforth, too, he stood hopelessly, helplessly condemned be- 
 fore the Law and the Divine Lawgiver, looking forward only to the 
 full final execution of the sentence of eternal death. From thence- 
 forth all his high faculties were marred in their force and deranged 
 in their acting. The reason became so darkened as to be almost im- 
 pervious to the true knowledge of God. The heart became hardened 
 against all appeal of high, pure desire and affection. The will became 
 as adamant in resistance to all motive and urgency on the part of 
 right and duty and love. And so all his spiritual powers became 
 misdirected and misused, turned backward from their originally 
 adapted uses and appointed purposes, away from God and toward 
 self, independent and neglectful of God, dependent only upon and 
 devoted to Self. This has been man's condition, as the result of the 
 first sin of the first man, progenitor of the race. And this first great 
 change was the metanoia (change of mind) of the pure spirit of man, 
 the utter reversal of his previous life currents of thought, feeling 
 and will. 
 
 [With the substantial reality of this history the religion of Re- 
 demption stands and falls. Also the historical verity of the origin 
 of mankind is one of the indispensable presuppositions of Christianity, 
 which, without it, can be the religion of the most perfect morals but 
 not the religion of the Redemption of mankind. Dclitsch.'] See L 
 204. A. E. 
 
 Man's Changed Character and Relations with God 
 and His Law the Inheritance of His Posterity. 
 
 Simply the Fact is to be noted, for the Scripture goes no farther, 
 and reason has no basis for inference with respect to the " nature 
 of the transmitted influence which connects our sin with the sin of 
 Adam." See L 182. But the truth that all are sinners finds frequent 
 and varied expression in every Book of the Bible. 
 
 Promise of Mercy and Deliverance through a Per- 
 sonal Deliverer, embodied in the Divine Words of Sentence 
 
First Root — Promise of God. 151 
 
 against Satan, against Eve and against Adam. Gen. 3: 14-19. The 
 promise is contained in the sentence of Satan, / will put enmity be- 
 fzvcen thee and the zvoman {zvhom he had tempted), and between 
 thy seed and her seed. It (or He) shall bruise thy head, and thou 
 shalt bruise His heel. I. 188-193. 
 
 These words have always been emphasized as the Protcvangelion, 
 or First Gospel, the original Root-Promise of Jehovah. Its repetition 
 and expansion, its increasing definiteness as to the Person who shall 
 deliver and as to the details of His Deliverance, and its final fulfill- 
 ment in the Incarnation and Atoning Death of Christ, comprise the 
 vital substance and breathing heart of the Old and New Testament 
 Revelation. IVe subjoin a brief of points for the reader's investiga- 
 tion: Gen. 9:27. Person limited to the race of Shem. Later, to 
 Abraham, Isaac and Jacob as progenitors of the nation Israel. To 
 these definite covenant promises were given, affirming the world's 
 blessing through a descendant from them. Again, to the Tribe of 
 Judah and the family of David is the final limitation. The method 
 of Deliverance typically but effectually intimated in Sacrifice — by 
 the Patriarchs unto Moses, and by the Sacrificial System from Moses 
 to Christ. Herein, as the Epistle to the Hebrews shows, Christ is 
 disclosed as a Priest, Himself offerer and victim. By Moses, He is 
 revealed as a Prophet that should come. By David, as King. While 
 Psalmists and Prophets unite to present Him in all these relations, 
 and in His Mission and Office Work as Deliverer, with manifold 
 definite details of wonderful fullness and impressiveness. At length, 
 in the exact " fullness of time " and of preparation for His Coming, 
 the Deliverer appeared in the Person of Jesus Christ, the Virgin- 
 Born Son of God, God manifest in flesh, and accomplished by His 
 blameless beneficent life, and pre-eminently by His Self-Sacrificial 
 Death the great and long-promised Deliverance. XI. 586. T. B. See 
 Messianic References, p. 29. Also XI. 792, 3. H. B. S. 
 
 And thus, under a Dispensation of blended Judgment and Mercy 
 the Race of Man has passed in successive generations through the 
 Ages since the Creation until now. All have been, all are sinners, 
 dead " in Adam," all with a Divinely provided and proffered life " in 
 Christ." From the first " Sethites " and " Cainites " onward, separ- 
 ated by moral and spiritual charg.cter and deeds into two classes, 
 known in the Scripture as righteous and wicked, pardoned saints and 
 unforgiven sinners, believing loving children of God, and self-out- 
 casts from His holy blessed fellowship. XL 785. Haydn. 
 
152 Sin of Man. 
 
 MAN'S SIN, as Disclosed in the Scriptures. 
 
 The Source of Sin is a Self -loving Heart and a Self- 
 serving Will. 
 
 Its Essence consists in a Supreme Self-estimate and Self-regard, 
 and an exclusive Self-seeking, which utterly disregards and directly 
 antagonizes God's just Supremacy and Holy Law. Hence, all Sin is 
 against God only, whatever wrong to man many be included in its 
 actual issues. Its sole determining principle is Heart estrangement 
 from, and Will rejection of God. Its manifestation appears in actual 
 transgression of His Law of Love, either by willful disobedience, or 
 by unbelieving indifference and neglect. Hence, all specific sins are 
 breaches, in act or spirit, of one or more of the Ten Commandments 
 as interpreted by Christ. Heb. 3:12. An evil heart of unbelief in 
 departing from the living God. XL 565. Ps. 5 : 9. Their inward part 
 is very wickedness. IV. 66. Ps. 51:4. Against Thee, Thee only, 
 have I sinned. IV. 367, 8. Gen. 20:6. I. 376. Gen. 39:9. Do this 
 great wickedness and sin against God. I. 496, 7. Luke 15:21. I have 
 sinned against heaven and in Thy sight. X. 371. Ps. 10:4. Job 21: 
 14; 22: 17. Depart from Me. VI. 121. i John 3:4. Sin is lawless- 
 ness. Note. In doing evil we injure ourselves, we wrong our fellow- 
 men, but we sin only against God, because He alone is Lawgiver, 
 Ruler and Judge. " Sin may be regarded as an Act, as a Principle, 
 enmity against God and as a State, moral unlikeness to God. But it 
 is transgression of the law as a principle, since the law demands love, 
 and as a state, since the law demands holiness. It says, Thou shalt 
 love the Lord, and, Be ye holy, for I am holy." II. 202-214. See VII. 
 410. 2d col. See Comment, Top. An., p. 489. 
 
 Genesis of Sin and Process of Sinning. 
 
 Most clearly shown in the Fall of Adam and Eve from innocence. 
 Gen. 3:6. I. 176-180. The Process explained by James (i : 14, 15. XI. 
 622, 3). Each man is tempted by his own lust, being drawn away 
 by it and enticed. Then the lust (or, evil desire) when it hath con- 
 ceived, beareth sin, and the sin, when it is full grown, bringeth forth 
 death. Illns. Achan, Josh. 7: 20, 21. Saw, coveted, took. III. 78-82. 
 Also by universal experience since the Fall. See Comment, Top. An., 
 p. 490. 
 
Sin of Man. ic^ 
 
 All Sin Referred to the First, as Cause and Ground, 
 through Heredity. 
 
 Rom. 5 : 12, 19. Through one man sin entered into the world. 
 Through one man's disobedience many were made sinners. XI. 219- 
 221. Eph. 2:3, 5. By nature children of wrath. Dead through tres- 
 passes. 
 
 [The great pervading thought of Paul concerning sin is that it 
 is a willful perversion, a wrong direction and wicked depravation of 
 life. Considered as a principle, he holds that its roots lie deep in 
 human nature. He gives no theory in regard to the origin and 
 spread -of. this taint and depravation of human nature. That which 
 stands in the foreground of his thought is the fact of sin as a matter 
 of universal human experience, and of fatal consequences to man- 
 kind. Of this he has a deep and intense feeling, a conviction which 
 powerfully influences his whole view of redemption. G. B. Stevens. 
 Paul certainly represents a corruption of human nature as the con- 
 sequence of the first sin, and admits a supremacy of the sinful prin- 
 ciple in the human race, but not in such a manner that the original 
 nature of man as the offspring of God, created in His image, has 
 been thereby destroyed. Neandcr.'] See Top. An., p. 491. 
 
 All are Sinners. 
 
 Gen. 6:5. Every imagination of the thoughts of his. heart only 
 evil continually. L 232. Ps. 14:3. None doing good, not one. IV. 
 no. Ps. 53:3. IV. 3B2. Eccles. 7:20. Not a righteous man on 
 earth that sinneth not. VI. 487, 8. Eccles. 9 : 3. Heart full of evil. 
 VI. 495. Isa. 6:5. VIII. 43, 44. Isa. 64:6. All unclean. VIII. 372. 
 Rom. 1:21-32. XL 202, 3. Rom. 3:9-18. XL 208. i John 1:8. If 
 we say we have no sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in 
 us. XL 683. 
 
 Sin as Related to Thought, Feeling and Action. 
 
 Unresisted evil in thought and feeling carries like guilt as evil in 
 deed, i John 3: 15. He that hateth his brother is a murderer. XL 693. 
 Matt. 6:28. Prov. 24:9. The thought of the foolish is sin. The 
 moral character of an outward act is determined by the inward spirit 
 and motive of the actor. 'Apart from the actuating spirit and motive, 
 no external act has any moral significance. James 2:10. Whoso 
 shall keep the whole law and yet stumble in one point, he is become 
 guilty in all. XL 628. 
 
154 
 
 Sin of Man. 
 
 Sin and Law. Rom. 3 : 20. By the law is the knowledge of 
 sin. Rom. "]:"]• I had not known sin, except through the law. XI. 
 229. I John 3:4. Sin is the transgression of the law (lawlessness). 
 I Cor. 15: 56. Strength of sin is the law. Sec Top. An. p. 493. 
 
 Sin, Variously Characterized; Kinds Specially Noted. 
 
 Characterized: Jer. 2: 19. An evil and bitter thing. VIII. 405, 
 6. Jer. 44:4. Abominable thing that I hate. VII. 464. As selfishness. 
 Jer. 45. 5. For thyself. VII. 410. Isa. 26: 13. VIII. 127. ["Sin is 
 selfishness plus defiance of God and disregard of one's fellow-men."] 
 Rom. 7: 13. Exceeding sinful. XI. 230. As disease. Isa. 1:4-6. VIII. 
 20. Illus. Leprosy, its loathsomeness intimated by ceremonial de- 
 filements and purifications. II. 446-456. Jer. 17:9. Desperately sick. 
 VIII. 478, 9. As madness. Eccles. 9:3. VI. 495. As bondage or 
 enslavement. Isa. 49:9. VIII. 258. John 8:24, 32, 34, 36. X. 315, 6. 
 Rom. 6; 18, 20-22. XI. 225, 6. Rom. 8:2, 21. XL 233. i Pet. 2: 16. 
 XL 654. 2 Pet. 2: 19. XL 675. See II. 385. Sin as presented in the 
 Hebrew Scriptures. 
 
 Kinds, or Particulars Specially Noted: Secret and Presnnip- 
 tuoiis Sins. Ps. 19: 12, 13. IV. 156, 7. Illus. Ezek. 8: 12. In the dark 
 chambers. IX. 50. Little Sins. Song 2:15. VI. 552. A great basal 
 sin. Jer. 5:21. Have eyes and see not, ears and hear not. VIII. 424. 
 Herein is included the failure to use or the misdirection and inver- 
 sion of use, of all our powers for the purposes assigned and ends 
 designed in the gift of those powers; thus subjugating the soul itself 
 to self-indulging passion in the stead of self-denying principle. James 
 4: 17. To him that knoweth to do good and doetJi it not, it is sin. XL 
 638, 9. Sins of Omission. VII. 134. last notes. Prov. 24: 11, 12. 
 VI. 396, ^. Judg. 5:23. III. 192. I John 5: 17. All unrighteousness 
 is sin. Illus. Sins charged upon Israel. Hosea 4:1, 2. No truth, 
 nor mercy, nor knowledge of God in the land ; nought but swearing 
 and breaking of faith, killing, stealing, and committing adultery; and 
 blood toucheth blood. IX. 345, 6. Hosea 10: 12, 13. Plowed wicked- 
 ness, reaped iniquity, for thou didst trust in thy way. IX. 365-368. 
 Sin against the Holy Ghost. Mark 3 : 29. Whosoever shall blaspheme 
 against the Holy Spirit is guilty of an eternal sin, hath never forgive- 
 ness. X. 187, 8. Jer. 6:14, 15. VIII. 426, 7. Jer. 15:1. VIII. 466. 
 Ezek. 14:14. Two evils. Jer. 2:13. Forsaken Me. the fountain of 
 living waters, and hewed out broken cisterns. IX. 404, 5. See IX. 
 366, 7. " Self-Love and Selfishness." The signal and most heinous 
 
Effects of Sin. 
 
 155 
 
 sin: Unbelief in Christ. John 3:18. He that believeth not is con- 
 demned already, because he hath not believed on the name of the 
 only begotten Son of God. John 16:9. Of sin, because they believe 
 not on Me. Heb. 10:29. 
 
 Effects of Sin: Upon the Transgressor; As Bearing 
 upon the Honor of God, and the Well-being of His Moral 
 Kingdom. 
 
 •I. Upon the Sinning Soul. 
 
 Results to Personal Experience. 
 
 The soul zvronged. Prov. 8:36. VI. 290. Illits. i Kings 21:20. 
 Sold thyself. VII. 140, 142. God's face hidden. Isa. 59:2. VIII. 338. 
 Good withholden and zvoe threatened. Jer. 5:25. Isa. 5: 18. Loss of 
 self-respect, of heart quiet, of sustaining hope. Jer. 3 : 25. In shame 
 and confusion, for we have sinned. VIII. 416. Rom. 6:21. Pleasure 
 zvon by sin brings loathing and disquiet. VII. 140. Prov. 13: 15. Way 
 of transgressor is hard. VI. 315. Prov. 11:7. Hope of unjust per- 
 isheth. VI. 302. Eph. 2:12. Having no hope. Isa. 48:22; 57:21. 
 No peace. VIII. 254, 326. Grozving fear of conscience, with sense 
 of a Nemesis, or pursuit of sin. Jer. 16: 16-21. VIII. 473. Prov. 14: 
 23. Evil pursueth sinners. VI. 316. Illus. 2 Sam. 12: 10, 11. III. 417. 
 I Kings 21 : 21-25. VII. 140. Heart-hardening. Isa. 48:4. VIII. 248. 
 Eph. 4: 19. Past feeting. XI. 431. [" When sensitiveness to sin goes, 
 God's mercy goes also."] 
 
 Action of Sin upon the Soul. 
 
 That sin is self-revealing is the testimony of experience, of his- 
 tory and of Scripture. Num. 32 : 23. Be sure your sin will find you 
 out. II. 617. • Sin is Self-Recording and Self-Punishing here. It 
 produces Self-mutilation, Self-impoverishing and Self-Debasement, of 
 Body, Mind and Heart. The manifold scriptural details of wicked- 
 ness abundantly prove these points. James 3:15 intimates the nat- 
 ural course of sin, as earthly (given up to worldliness), sensual (pro- 
 ceeding to extreme self-indulgence), devilish (becoming diabolical). 
 The Growth, Power and Mastery of Sin increases with unresisted 
 indulgence. Prov. 5 : 22. His own iniquities shall take the wicked, 
 and he shall be holden with the cords of his sin. VI. 274, 5. VI. 146, 
 last note. VII. 149, last note. Isa. 48 : 4, 5. VIII. 248. Prov. 13 : 6,. 
 21. Wickedness overthroweth the sinner. VI. 313, 16. Habit of sin- 
 
156 Effects of Sin. 
 
 ning: Produces shamelessness. Jer. 6: 15. They were not ashamed, 
 nor could they blush. VHI. 426. Makes almost impossible to turn 
 to good and to God. Jcr. 13:23. VIII. 459-461. Hosea 5:4. Their 
 doings will not suffer them to turn unto their God. IX. 350. Hardens 
 the heart. Heb. 3:13. Heart hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. 
 Leads to deeper guilt. Eccles. 8:11. Because sentence is not exe- 
 cuted speedily the heart is set to do evil. VI. 492, 3. Stages of 
 growth in evil doing indicated. Ps. 1:1. IV. 42. Isa. 3:11. Woe to 
 the wicked; it shall be ill with him. VIII. 30. Eccles. 9: 18. One 
 sinner destroyeth much good. VI. 502. Illus. Ahar. VII. 331. Man- 
 asseh. VII. 374-378. 
 
 The Sinner's Standing before the Law. Under its Con- 
 demnation and Exposed to its Penalty. 
 
 Ps. 143 : 2. In Thy sight no man living is justified. V. 462. 
 Rom. 3 : 20. By the works of the law no flesh shall be justified in 
 His sight. XI. 209. 
 
 Final Issue in Death. 
 
 Prov. 1:24-31. VI. 239-241. Prov. 29:1. VI. 417. Prov. 11: 
 19. He that pursueth evil doeth it to his own death. VI. 303. Prov. 
 14:32. VT. 327. Prov. 29:1. VI. 417. Ezek. 18:4. Soul that sin- 
 neth it shall die. IX. 82. Rom. 6:23. Wages of sin is death. XI. 
 226. Heb. 10 : 26, 2y. XI. 594. i Tim. 5 : 24. XI. 522, 3. Rom. 5 : 
 12, 21. Death by sin. Sin reigned unto death. 2 Cor. 15:56. The 
 sting of death is sin. XI. 341. James i : 15. Sin, when it is full 
 grown, bringeth forth death. XI. 623. Hos. 4: 17. IX. 348, 362. 
 
 Other References to this theme: Ps. 11 : 6. IV. 98. Ps. 52: 5. IV. 
 377. Prov. 1:24-31. VI. 239-241. Prov. 11:5, 19. VI. 303. Prov. 
 18: 14. VI. 353. Prov. 29: I. VI. 417. Eccl. 12: 14. VI. 528-530. Isa. 
 66:24. VIII. 387. Jer. 6:29, 30. VIII. 430. Ezek. 18:4, 20. IX. 81- 
 84. Hos. 4:17, 18. IX. 348, 362. Hos. 13:3. IX. 375. Joel 2:11. 
 IX. 395. Nahum 1:3-6. IX. 495. Matt. 25:46. X. 463. John 3: 
 36. X. 94. Rom. 2:8. 2 Thes. i : 7-9. XI. 498. Jude 10, 13. XI. 709. 
 Rev. 6: 16, 17. XI. 745. Rev. 20: 11-18. XL 770-773. 
 
 [The doctrine of eternal punishment must be separated from the 
 notion of a Divine vindictiveness. God has no pleasure in any man's 
 death. He wills that every man be saved. God loves all; Christ 
 died for all ; truth and the Holy Spirit are for all. There is plenary 
 ability and gracious opportunity for all. There is a book of life; 
 but, it has well been added, there is no book of death. When a soul 
 
Punishment of Sin. 157 
 
 is saved, all heaven is glad and God records the name ; but when a 
 soul is lost, God has no heart to write the name in a book kept for 
 that purpose. We do read of names which are blotted out of the 
 book of life, a thing which implies record ; but we read of no erasure 
 in the book of death, because there is no such book. God has but 
 one book, the book of life. In that book every name is written in 
 lines of blood, and when any name is blotted out, it is because the 
 grace that saves has been willfully and wickedly rejected. God wants 
 no victim of His wrath. God is not vindictive. 
 
 The doctrine of eternal punishment must be separated from the 
 notion of external infliction. When the Scriptures speak of a prison 
 of outer darkness and a bottomless pit, we are not to materialize 
 these phrases as if they were definite places fitted up with all the 
 means of inflicting penalties. The soul holds all these. Heaven 
 and hell, the glory and the shame, are in us. The soul is its own and 
 its only chamber of torture. 
 
 God saves all whom He can save from sin, and redeems to holi- 
 ness only such as hunger and thirst after righteousness. He can 
 save only those who want to be saved. The eternal ruin of a soul, 
 therefore, is something for which He is in no way responsible, ex- 
 cept so far as He is responsible for making us free and responsible 
 agents ; or. to quote from Dean Alford, " All man's salvation is of 
 God, and all his condemnation from himself." God leaves nothing 
 undone" that can be done to save every man, and only deliberate and 
 persistent wickedness can doom a soul to eternal death. 
 
 There is but on£ witness whose words I cannot deal with as rhe- 
 torical and exaggerated. This is the testimony of Jesus Christ, which 
 checks and curbs my speculation, and He checks me because His love 
 is so intense. My love for men cannot be compared to His; my 
 dread of their possible ruin is as a point in an indefinite line, as a 
 single drop in all the seas, when measured against His; and it is the 
 authority of infinite and self-sacrificing love which makes His word 
 final to me ; -and He tells me that there is an outer darkness from 
 which the soul never returns, a second death from which there is 
 no resurrection. The utmost that God and Christ can do is done to 
 prevent it. Bchrends. 
 
 Isaiah says, 3: 11, " Woe unto the wicked! for the reward of his 
 hands shall be given him." This is the great and fundamental prin- 
 ciple of certain retribution for sin, a principle we cannot hold tocf 
 clearly or too strongly. Whatever tends to tamper with this prin-. 
 ciple, or to weaken its hold upon the conscience, is alien to the true 
 Christian view. By unalterable laws impressed upon the nature of 
 
158 Effects of Sin. 
 
 man and on the universe, righteousness is life, and sin is inevitable 
 misery and death. Omnipotence itself could not reverse this law, 
 <^hat so long as a sinner continues in his sin he must suffer. On the 
 other hand, where this principle is firmly grasped, there ought to be 
 much room for difference of views on points which, from the nature 
 of the case, are obscure and tentative. In regard to those things on 
 which the Scripture gives no light and is silent, our wisdom is to 
 imitate its caution, and refrain from dogmatism. In respect of so 
 appalling a subject as the future fate of the lost, there is room for a 
 wise Agnosticism. I prefer to say that, so far as my light goes, I 
 see no end, and there to stop. Concerning the untold millions who 
 have never heard of Christ at all, and the multitudes within the 
 limits of Christendom, who give no evidence of true regeneration, 
 vast numbers of whom are living worldly and godless lives, we feel 
 instinctively that the last word has not been — cannot be — spoken by 
 us here. It may be said, and with much truth, that for those who 
 have the light, there is no excuse. Salvation has been put within 
 their reach, and they have deliberately rejected it. But even here are 
 there not elements we dare not overlook ? Men are responsible for 
 the use they make of light, but how much here also is not due to the 
 individual will, which is crossed by influences from heredity, from 
 environment, from up-bringing, from pressure of events ! God alone 
 can disentangle the threads of freedom in the web of character and 
 action, and say how much is a man's individual responsibility in the 
 result, as distinguished from his share in the common guilt of the 
 race. It is certain, from Christ's own statement, that, in the judg- 
 ment of omniscience, all these things are taken into account, and 
 that even in the administration of punishment there are gradations 
 of penalty (Luke 12:47, 4^) proportionate to men's knowledge and 
 opportunities ; that, as Paul says, there is a distinction made between 
 those who have " sinned without law," and those who have " sinned 
 under law." /. Orr.] 
 
 For a judicious treatment of the so-called " Future Probation," 
 see Christian View of God and the World, by Professor James Orr, 
 of Edinburgh, an admirable work throughout. 
 
 2. Sin Dishonors God, by Hatred, Rejection and Defiance. 
 
 Mai. 1:6. Where is Mine honor? IX. 627. Prov. 8:36. That hate 
 Me love death. VI. 290. Isa. 59: 13. Denying the Lord and turning 
 away from God. VIII. 340, i. Job 21: 14. Say to God, Depart from 
 us. VI. 121. John 8:49. John 15:23. Rom. 1:3. Rom. 2:23. 
 Heb. 3: 12. XL 564. XL 710. L. B. 
 
God's Mercy to the Sinner. 159 
 
 3. Sin a public wrong and hurt to Moral Society, an En- 
 ergy of Destruction to the Moral Order of the Universe. Un- 
 checked, it would bring anarchy into God's Law-ordered Moral Em- 
 pire. Of this we have manifold and convincing suggestions in the 
 entire history of families, communities and nations on the earth. The 
 conclusive and awful proof is found in the veiled story of Satan and 
 his hosts. 
 
 God's Merciful Relation to the Sinner and Gracious 
 Dealing's in his Behalf. 
 
 He makes direct Appeal to the Conscience and the Heart. 
 
 He makes " every man to know the plague of his own heart." i Kings 
 8 : 38. By " the law " He reveals " the knowledge of sin." Rom. 3 : 
 20. By His Spirit He convinces the conscience and the heart of the 
 fact of sin, emphatically of the sin of unbelief and rejection of Him. 
 John 16:8, 9. This knowledge and conviction of sin is the work 
 of God by the Holy Spirit. This precedes and lays the basis for the 
 disclosure of Christ's redemptive work, and for the sinner's response 
 of repentance and faith. 
 
 He unfolds, throughout both Testaments as their central 
 and vital theme, His own provision in the suffering and offer- 
 ing of Christ for the pardon of the sinner, for His cleansing 
 from the guilt and deliverance from the power of sin, and for 
 His restoration to childship and fellowship with Himself. 
 This unfolded Gospel, whose gracious message permeates and gives 
 value and preciousness to the whole Revelation from God, we find 
 condensed in many "faithful sayings": John 3: 16. God so loved the 
 world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth 
 on Him should have eternal life. Isa. 53 : 3, 10, 12. He bore the sin 
 of many. VIII. 276-293. Zech. 13:1. Fountain opened for sin and 
 uncleanness. IX. 605. i Cor. 15:4. Christ died for our sins occord- 
 ing to the Scriptures. XI. 331. 2 Cor. 5:21. Made Him to be sin 
 for us, that we might be the righteousness of God in Him. Gal. i : 4. 
 Gave Himself for our sins. Col. i : 14. In whom we have our redemp- 
 tion, the forgiveness of our sins. Titus 2:14. That He might re- 
 deem us from all iniquity. Heb. 1:3. He by Himself purged our 
 sins. Heb. 9:26, 28. Hath He been manifested to put away sin by 
 the sacrifice of Himself. Christ having been once offered to bear 
 the sins of many shall appear the second time to them that wait for 
 Him, unto salvation. XI. 588. Heb. 10: 10, 14. We have been sane- 
 
i6o God's Mercy to the Sinner. 
 
 lified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all. 
 For by one offering He hath perfected forever them that are sancti- 
 fied. I Pet. 2 : 24. Who His own self bare our sins in His body upon 
 the tree, that we, having died unto sins, might live unto righteous- 
 ness. I Pet. 3:18. Christ suffered for sins once, the righteous for 
 the unrighteous, that He might bring us unto God. i John i : 7. The 
 blood of Jesus Christ cleanseth us from all sin. XI. 683. i Tim. i : 
 15. Faithful is the saying and worthy of all acceptation, that Christ 
 Jesus came into the world to save sinners. Jer. 8:22. VHI. 438. 
 
 God Commands, Invites and Entreats the Sinner, 
 knowing and trusting in Christ as the Saviour from Sin, 
 to acknowledge and penitently confess, and to turn froi: 
 and forsake his sin. 
 
 This is the burden of His message to men by Moses and the 
 Prophets, by Christ and His Apostles. Josh. 7: 19. Give glory to the 
 Lord, and make confession unto Him. HI. 78. Jer. 13: 16. VIII. 457. 
 Ezek. 18:30. Repent and turn yourselves from your transgressions. 
 IX. 86. Luke 13:3. Except ye repent, ye shall perish. Acts 17:20. 
 God commandeth all men to repent. 2 Cor. 7:10. Godly sorrow 
 worketh repentance. XI. 370-372. 
 
 He pledges forgiveness and remission of Sins to every 
 penitent soul who rests upon Christ's atoning Sacrifice. 
 
 This theme, too, finds expression everywhere in the utterances 
 of God to men, and the happy results of true confession are recorded 
 in many personal experiences. Isa. 43:25. I, even I, am He that 
 blotteth out my transgressions for Mine own sake, and will not re- 
 member thy sins. Also Isa. 44:22. I have blotted out as a thick 
 cloud thy transgressions, for I have redeemed thee. VIII. 227, 232. 
 Ps. 103:3. Who forgiveth all thy sins. V. 180, 181. Ps. 130:4. There 
 is forgiveness with Thee, that Thou mayest be feared. V. 400-402. 
 I John 1:9. If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to for- 
 give, and to cleanse from all unrighteousness. XL 683, 684. Isa. i : 
 l8. Though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be white as wool. VIII. 
 22-24. Micah 7: 19. Cast all their sins into the depths of the sea. 
 IX. 491. Prov. 28: 13. He that confesseth and forsaketh his sins 
 shall have mercy. VI. 413. Luke 9:2. Thy sins be forgiven thee. 
 
 J lilts. Sin confessed and forgiven: Ps. 32: i, 5. IV. 237-242. Ps. 
 38:3-8. I\'. 286. P^. 41:4. IV. 307. Ps. 51: 1-17. IV. 363-376. III. 
 
God's Mercy to the Sinner. i6i 
 
 416-419. Mercy signally exercised toward Manassah. VII. 376-379. 
 Even external manifestation of penitence finds some return from 
 God's mercy. 
 
 Other Ample, Varied and Exceedingly Precious Pas- 
 sages 
 
 Show how considerate He is of the weaknesses and tempta- 
 tions of the returning penitent, and how tenderly He helps the trust- 
 ing spirit in his desire and purpose of uttc/ deliverance from the 
 dominion and effects of sin. Ps. 103 : 13, 14. Like as a father piticth 
 his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear Him. For He know- 
 eth our frame; He remcmbcreth that we are dust. V. 184. James 
 5: II. The Lord is full of pity, and merciful. James 1:5. He giveth 
 to all liberally, and upbraidcth not. XL 620. i Cor. 10:13. God is 
 faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are 
 able; but ivill ivith the temptation make also the zvay of escape, that 
 ye may be able lo endure it. XL 310. Luke 22:31. Satan hath de- 
 sired to have you, that he might sift you as wheat; but / have prayed 
 for thee, that thy failh fail not. Matt. 26:41. Watch and pray that 
 ye enter not into temptation; the spirit indeed is zvilling, but the 
 flesh is zueak. (This said Jesus to disciples who slept while He was 
 in anguish, even in such a crisis 'of suffering considerate of and ex- 
 cusing their lack of loving sympathy.) X. 513. 
 
 Add to these explicit utterances the many references -to God as 
 full of compassion, long-suffering and tender mercy: Ps. 86: 15. Ps. 
 111:4. Ps. 112:4. Ps. 145:8. Lam. 3:22. Micah 7:19. Luke 
 15 : 20. His father had compassion on him, and ran and fell on his 
 neck, and kissed him. Ex. 34: 16. Ps. 86: 15. 2 Pet. 3:9, 15. 
 
 The Realization of the Evil of Sin Increasing with the Be- 
 liever's Progress in Sanctification. 
 
 Illustrated by Paul's self-estimate expressed in the order of time. 
 I Cor. 15. I am the least of the apostles, that am not meet to be 
 called an apostle. Eph. 3:8. Unto me, who am less than the least 
 of all saints, i Tim. 'i : 15. Of sinners I am chief. 
 
 Pardon does not affect the natural results or consequences of sin. 
 The habit formexl asserts its power. Job 4 : 8. VL 36, 7. 
 
 For other instructive comment upon this theme, see Top. An.,, 
 pp. 496-500. 
 
1 62 Man's Greatness and Responsibility. 
 
 SUGGESTIVE TRUTHS BEARING UPON MAN'S 
 
 LIFE. 
 
 Man's Dignity, Greatness and Worth. Prov. 20:27. vi. 
 
 367, 8. IX. 226. This is to be measured as it is abundantly and con- 
 vincingly shown: i. By the mere fact of his Divine creation. 2. By 
 his native capacities of thought, affection and self-action, in which 
 he is made in the image of God. XI. 739, last note. H. P. L. 3. By 
 his deputed sovereignty over the earth and the animal races, and 
 by the effective results wrought through the generations, and by his 
 immense progress and advance in knowledge and literary production, 
 in the Sciences and Arts. 4. By his disobedience to God and rejec- 
 tion of His Law and Authority, indicating a force of will that as- 
 similates him to God. 5. Pre-eminently, by the Divine Intervention 
 for his Redemption, and this in its every particular: in the Incarna- 
 tion, Life, Suffering, Death and Resurrection of Christ; in the Re- 
 generation and Sanctification of the Holy Spirit; and in the Union 
 of Christ with the believer. 6. By his Resurrection unto Immortal 
 Life and Admission to an abiding Divine Fellowship. See Job 33: 
 4. VL 172. Ps. 8:5-8. IV. 77, 81-83. 
 
 Man's Earthly Life a Sphere of Obligation, Influence 
 and Responsibility. 
 
 Man knows himself a dependent creature, and therefore under 
 obligation to his upholding Creator. He knows that his life means 
 more than his own personal enjoyment or gain, that he acts upon 
 other lives for good or ill. And he knows that he is accoimtable for 
 the result of his influence and action. He knows himself personally 
 responsible to a Creator and Upholder who has rightful authority to 
 order and control his life, and to hold him to account for its use or 
 waste in the doing of good or evil. Luke 12:23. The life is more 
 than meat. X. 198. Luke 12: 15. A man's life consisteth not in the 
 abundance of the things which he possesseth. X. 196. John 6:27. 
 Labor not for the meat which perisheth, but for the meat which 
 abideth unto eternal life. Rom. 14: 10, 12. We shall all stand before 
 the judgment-seat of God. Each one of us shall give account of 
 himself to God. XL 268. i Pet. 4:5. Shall give account to Him 
 that is ready to judge the quick and dead. Matt. 12:36. Every idle 
 word . . . shall give account in the day of judgment. Heb. 13: 
 17. As they that shall give account. Eccles. 3: 15. God requireth 
 
Man's Life a Plan of God. 163 
 
 (seeketh again) the past. VI. 462. Eccles. 11:9. VI. 511. Eccles. 
 12: 14. VI. 528. Matt. 25. 15. To every man according to his abiHty. 
 Prov. 9: 12. Wise for thyself, if thou scornest thou alone shalt bear 
 it. VI. 293. Job 34: II. The work of a man shall He render to him, 
 and cause every man to find according to his way. VI. 179. Ps. 62: 
 12. Rom. 2: 5. Who will render to every man according to his deeds. 
 2 Cor. 5:10. We must be made manifest before the judgment-seat 
 of Christ, that every one may receive according to that he hath done. 
 XI. 362. [There is a mingled blessedness and awfulness in our life. 
 To live here at all as a human being, to possess or rather to be the 
 center of self-reflecting thought and of self-determining will, a center 
 of life w'hich under some conditions will be perpetuated indefinitely — 
 this, when we think of it steadily and in good earnest, is, next to the 
 spiritual sight of God Himself, the most solemn, the most chastening, 
 the most stimulating consideration that can open upon us. Let us 
 make much of it, in the interests both of the present and the future, 
 for the sake of God and truth and humanity, as well as of our own 
 lasting happiness. H. P. Liddon.~\ 
 
 Man's Earthly Life a Period of Alternations in Experience. 
 
 Toil and rest, disquiet and peace, disappointment and success, gain 
 and loss, gladness and sadness, with their lights and shades, days of 
 joy and nights of anguish, indicate the mixed character of all human 
 experiences in actual living. And each has its needed mission and 
 ministry of discipline and training for the perfecting of character and 
 condition here and hereafter. The Preacher dwells suggestively upon 
 these particulars, Eccles. 3: 1-15. VI. 453-462. See also Zech. 14:6, 
 7. IX. 614. 
 
 Man's Life a Plan of God, and his Way Ordered by God. 
 
 Eccl. 3:1-8. VI. 453, 4. Jer. 1:4, 5. Before I formed thee I 
 sanctified thee. VIII. 398. Gal. i : 15, 16. XI. 393. Prov. 16: 3, 9. A 
 man's heart deviseth his way, but the Lord directeth his steps. VI. 
 337' 339- Prov. 19:21. Many devices in a man's heart, but the 
 counsel of the Lord shall stand. VI. 361. Prov. 20:24. A man's 
 goings are of the Lord. VI. 367. Job 31:4. VI. 162. Ps. 37:23. 
 The steps of a good man are ordered by the Lord. IV. 280, 284. Ps. 
 139: 1-5. V. 442.- Jer. 10:23. The way of man is not in himself; it 
 is not in man that walkcth to direct his steps. VIII. 446. i Cor. 7: 
 17, 24. As the Lord hath distributed to each man, as God has called 
 each, so let him walk. Ezek. 18:4. All souls are Mine. IX. 82. 
 God's plans and man's. VII. 426, 7. Phelps. 
 
164 God and Man Face to Face. 
 
 Man Ever Face to Face with God. His Inner Life Alone 
 with God. I Kings 17:1. As the Lord liveth, before whom I 
 stand. VII. 96. Ps. 16: 8. I have set the Lord always before nie. He 
 is at my right hand. IV. 120. Ps. 27:8. IV. 208. Ps. 54:3. They 
 have not set God before them. IV. 385. Ps. 90: i. The Lord . . . 
 our dwelling-place. V. 106. Deut. 33:27. The eternal God is thy 
 dwelling-place. II. 736. Job 42:5. Now mine eye seeth Thee. VI. 
 220. Gen. 16: 13. Thou, God, seest me. 
 
 Prov. 9: 12. Thou alone. VI. 294. Prov. 14: 10. VI. 321. Prov. 
 15: 3. VI. 331. I Cor. 2:11. Who among men knoweth the things of 
 a man save the spirit of the man that is in him. XI. 286. Acts 10: 4. 
 
 God ever Face to Face with Man, beholding, search- 
 ing, testing and judging his heart and his actions. Prov. 
 
 15:3. The eyes of the Lord are in every place, keeping watch upon 
 the evil and the good. VI. 331. Prov. 16:2. The Lord weigheth the 
 spirits. VI. 337. VI. 221, last note. VII. 215, 6. i Sam. 2 : 3. A God 
 of knowledge, by Him actions are weighed. Prov. 17:3. Trieth the 
 hearts. Ps. 139: 1-4. V. 442, 443. Ps. 94:9-11. The Lord knoweth 
 the thoughts of man. V. 135, 136. Matt. 12:25. Jesus knew their 
 thoughts. Heb. 4: 13. All things are naked and laid open before 
 the eyes of Him with whom we have to do. XI. 568. God's behold- 
 ing and testing is in order to help and to bless, to lead men to con- 
 sider His character. His ways and His will, to compare themselves 
 and their ways with His, and to win them to obedience to His will 
 and to conformity with His Ways, that they may walk with Him in 
 " paths of pleasantness and peace." 
 
 As naturally linked with the two preceding points we subjoin 
 the Scripture treatment of the 
 
 HEART OF MAN. 
 
 In restricted sense. Seat of Desires, Affections, Emotions, Pas- 
 sions. In Hebrew usage. Seat of Intellect (Mind, Understanding). 
 In both Testaments largely used to include the entire inner man. 
 Reason. Will, Conscience or Moral Judgment, and Affection. Illits. 
 Matt. 8:15. Understands with heart. Mark 2:8. Reasons. Rom. 
 10: 10. Believes. Ps. 19:14; 49:3. Meditates, i Cor. 7:37. 2 Cor. 
 9:7. Wills, i.e., Decrees, Purposes, i John 3:20. Condemns. Matt. 
 12:34. Speaks. Shown also Mark 7:21. 
 
Heart of Man. 165 
 
 The Heeirt by Nature, Characterized: 
 
 Froward. Prov. 6:14. Perverse. Prov. 12:8. Proud. Prov. 16: 
 5; 28:25. Double. Ps. 12:2. I Chron. 12:13, 33- Deceitful. Jer. 
 17:9. VIII. 478, 9. Heb. 3: 12. Evil heart of unbelief. XL 564. Jer. 
 16:12. Wicked. Prov. 26:23. Stony. Ezek. 11:19. 
 
 Elements of evil in the natural heart. Mark 7: 14-23. Out 
 of the heart evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, covetings, deceit, 
 pride, etc. X. 258. Jas. 4:14. XL 418. Atheism. Ps. 14:1; 53:1. 
 IV. 106-109, 381- Gal. 5: 19. 20. Illus. Envious Jealousy. III. 310, 
 338. Covetousness. VII. 195-199. Dark chamber in every heart. 
 Ezek. 8: 12. IX. 50. Self-hardening. Isa. 47:4. VIII. 248. Ps. 95: 
 8. Harden not your heart. V. 143. 
 
 The Changed Heart: New. Ezek. 18:31. Broken and Con- 
 trite. Ps. 34:18; 51:17. Clean. Ps. 51:10. Pure. Prov. 22:11. 
 Ezek. 11:19. I Pet. 1:22. Upright. Ps. 32:11. Perfect, i Chron. 
 28:9. True. Heb. 10:22. Prudent. Prov. 18:15. Wise. Ex. 31:6; 
 35:35. Understanding, i Kings 3:5, 12. One, or single. Jer. 32: 
 39. Fixed, trusthig. Ps. 57:7; 112:7. 8. Willing. Ex. 35:5. Free. 
 2 Chron. 29:31. Merry. Prov. 15: 13; 17:22. Also Eph. 6:6. Doing 
 the will of God from the heart. 
 
 God and the Heart. 
 
 What He Does and Pledges: Searches, Knows and Tries, i 
 Sam. 16:7. III. 298, 9. Ps. 139. V. 441-452. Ps. 11:4. IV. 97. 
 2 Chron. 6:30. Thou only knowest the hearts. 2 Chron. 16:9. VII. 
 285. Prov. 17:3. Trieth the hearts. VI. 345. 6. Jer. 17:10. VIII. 
 481. Opens to attention and thought. Acts 16: 14. Neh. 2: 12. Re- 
 places old with new. Ezek. 36:26. Col. 3 : 10. 2 Cor. 5: 17. Sends 
 the Spirit. Gal. 4:6. Creates clean and renews. Ps. 51: 10. Dwells 
 in. Eph. 3:17. Maketh soft. Job 23:16. Puts gladness. Ps. 4:7. 
 Makes peace rule in. Col. 3:15. Sets eternity in. Eccles. 3:11. 
 Grants desires. Ps. 37:4. Phil. 4:6, 7. He is, further, said to 
 harden the heart. See I. 592, 601-605, 610, 617, 620. VIII. 45. Show- 
 ing how God and man are related to heart-hardening. Also XL 
 246, 7. 
 
 What God Demands: The heart's loving surrender. Prov. 23: 
 26. My son, give Me thy heart. The whole man, thoughts (2 Cor. 
 10:5), desires and affections, will and life. VIII. 389. ]\Iatt. 22- ^7. 
 
1 66 Two Types of Life 
 
 Love with all thy heart, etc. Deut. 32 : 46. Set our hearts to all His 
 words. Deut. 15:7. Not harden thy heart. Ps. 62: 10. Set not heart 
 on riches. Prov. 4:23. Keep thy heart with all diligence, for. VI. 
 269, 270. I Pet. 1 : 22. Love one another with pure heart fervently. 
 XL 651. Jer. 29:11-13. Ye shall seek Me and find Me, when ye 
 shall search for Me with all your heart. VIII. 529. 
 
 Man and the Heart: Character measured and determined by 
 thoughts of heart, i.e., by accepted estimates and judgments, ruling 
 desires and affections, controlling aims and acts. Prov. 23 : 7. As he 
 thinketh in his heart (within himself) so is he. VI. 385, 6. Heart like 
 heart. Prov. 27:19. Only knows itself. Prov. 14:10. Sickened by 
 deferred hope. Prov. 13:12. Bettered by sadness and reflection. 
 Eccles. 7:2-4. Full of devices. Prov. 19:21. Hardened by delay 
 of judgment. Eccles. 8:11. 
 
 Man Subjected to the Evil Influence of Satan and of 
 Wicked Men. 
 
 The agency of the soul's enemies is a fearful fact running 
 through man's earthly history, involving a ceaseless conflict. What 
 we call the " world " and " earthly things," the pleasures, gains, 
 honors and ambitions that touch and fascinate man's native uncurbed 
 " desires of the flesh and the mind," furnish baits and allurements to 
 draw him away from God, from duty and from good. And the Evil 
 Spirit, with already seduced evil men, use these baits with insidious 
 assiduity to corrupt yet more the springs of thought and feeling in 
 order to enlarge their own kingdom of darkness, guilt and doom. 
 For texts, see pp. 19, 71, 130-132. i John 5:4, 5. James 4:4. 2 
 Cor. 2:11. Eph. 6:12. I Pet. 5:8. But we read: 2 Kings 6:16, 
 17. Fear not, for they that be with us are more than they that be 
 with them. . . . And behold, the mountain was full of horses and 
 chariots of fire. VII. 201-203. Rom. 8: 31, 38. If God be for us, who 
 is against us? Neither angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor 
 any other creature shall be able to separate us from the love of God, 
 which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. 
 
 Two Types of Life comprise all Living Men. 
 The True God-Centered Life. 
 
 In this life, the knowledge of God and His grace, the revealed 
 truths and promises of His Word, and all questions of daily personal 
 
True and False. 167 
 
 duty are the predominant themes of thought and of prayerful study. 
 In this life, God Himself, as the source of all being, purity and bless- 
 edness, is the central and supreme object of the heart's deepest af- 
 fection and longing, so that its impassioned cry is, Whom have I in 
 heaven hut Thee, and there is none on earth that I desire beside 
 Thee? And in this life, the will of God, as expressed in His Law of 
 Holiness and Love, is the single, all-inclusive, overruling principle of 
 choice and of action, so that the subjected, believing, obedient man 
 looking ever in the face of God can honestly say. Thy will, not mine, 
 be done. And to such an one Christ affirms, He shall knoiv the 
 teaching; We will love him, and come unto him; and, He that shall 
 lose his' life for My sake shall find it. 
 
 2. The False Self-Centered Life. 
 
 The exact contrast to the true, at every point. Self is the only 
 reality. Self alone is the theme of chief ever-present consideration; 
 the supreme and exclusive object of affection and desire; the ultimate 
 sole end of his daily aims, plans and intense pursuit. God is far 
 from his inmost controlling thoughts and desires, and his life is or- 
 dered without reference to the will or the spiritual command of God. 
 In truth, though he may not realize it because of a Christian en- 
 vironment in the household and in society, there is to him no God, or 
 a far-away God indifferent to and in no way related to him. This 
 is really the condition of one who leads a self-centered life in a Chris- 
 tian community. 
 
 The effects of that, life upon the man himself and upon the com- 
 munity we can but briefly summarize. Upon himself, increasing de- 
 tachment froiu and aversion to the God who is his true and eternal" 
 life; increasing grasp of the spirit of selfishness, narrowing his mental 
 vision of vital truths and realities, dwarfing and crushing out all high 
 and holy, natively human and godlike affections, and all spiritual 
 cravings for satisfying and abiding good ; and utter collapse and 
 destruction of all moral capacity for return to God, and for re-en- 
 gagement in His free, glad and eternally rewarding service. Upon 
 the community, his influence is in the direction of his own sad experi- 
 ence, under the force of his ever-active example, and his positive 
 agency in daily fellowship of word and deed. So that the self-cen- 
 tered man involves in his own downward progress and final destiny 
 all with whom his own selfish interest has led him to make and hold 
 association. Nor can he do other than sow thus widely the seeds 
 of baleful influence, since no life is isolated, no man liveth to him- 
 self alone, though he live in utter selfishness. See VI. 464, 5. Gates. 
 
1 68 Self-Exaltation and Self-Pleasing. 
 
 We may expand and more fully explain this outline of a Self- 
 centered and a God-centered life from another standpoint, presenting 
 
 SELF. Under Two Contrasted Aspects: 
 
 1. Self-Exaltation and Self-Pleasing, the State of 
 Man by Nature. 
 
 These are concentrated in the term ScIfisJuicss, or its recent but 
 fit equivalent, Sclfism, which is the root and essence of Sin. In these 
 equivalent terms is described the permanent moral condition of a 
 man whose supreme and ruling estimates, desires, choices and actions 
 are exercised with sole reference to his own gratification or advan- 
 tage. It is a state of will and heart wherein the spirit and the life 
 of the man has become exclusively and utterly self-centered. Such 
 a man neither recognizes nor regards the supreme obligation of Duty 
 to God, and to his fellow-man. His thoughts and purposes, his 
 ambitions and pursuits, are limited to the interests, occupations, gains 
 and pleasures of this brief life. Heedless of God and of the future, 
 he makes no provision for the judgment and the life to come. Such 
 are the men oft referred to by the inspired moralists in Job, Eccle- 
 siastes and the Proverbs, by the Psalmists and Prophets, by Christ 
 in many Parables and warning utterances, and hinted at in the 
 Epistles and the Revelation. In a word, the Bible abounds in the 
 plainest illustrations and pitying denunciations of Selfishness and 
 Selfism, as the source and ever-flowing fountain of moral evil and 
 of its consequent experience of abiding misery. 
 
 We can only note a few texts and points of so broad a theme, 
 in aid of the reader's larger investigation: Hosea lo: 12. Read care- 
 fully VII. 365-367, 410. James 4 : 4-7. XI. 635, 636. Touching self- 
 conceit and vainglory. Prov. 3 : 5, 7. VI. 248. Prov. 26: 12. VI. 404. 
 405. Prov. 27:2. VI. 407, 408. Gal. 5:26. Desire of "vainglory'" 
 leads to " provoking and envying one another." XI. 408. Touching 
 self-pleasing. Rom. 15:1-3. We ought not to please ourselves. XI. 
 271. Phil. 2:21. XI. 455. 2 Tim. 3:2. XI. 537. Self-seekers are 
 self-losers and self-destroyers, according to Christ's word. Luke 17: 
 33. Whosoever shall seek to gain his life shall lose it. Matt. 16:26. 
 For what shall a man be profited, if he shall gain the whole world, 
 and lose his own soul ? Prominent illustrations : Saul, III. 356. Ab- 
 salom, Ahithophel, Haman, Judas and Ananias. Amos 6: i. Woe to 
 those at ease. IX. 422. 
 
Self-Surrender and Self- Denial. i6q 
 
 2. Self-Surrender and Self-Denial, the State of Re- 
 newed Man by Grace. 
 
 This is a complete reversal of man's normal moral state, and, on 
 the human side, is the sole remedy and relief from the disastrous 
 effects of moral evil. It means a radical change in the supreme 
 center of thought and desire, of aim and action, from self to God. 
 
 Self-Surrender is simply Rightful and Reasonable Sub- 
 anission to God. 
 
 It is rightful and reasonable, since God is the Author and Sus- 
 tainer of bur being, as our condition of conscious absolute dependence 
 assures us; since He is the Ruler of our spirits, as the conscience 
 within us unv\^averingly affirms ; since He sustains the higher char- 
 acters and dearer relations of Father, Redeemer by voluntary suft'er- 
 ing and self-sacrifice, and Renewer and Sanctifier. And these sub- 
 lime relations, with their inestimably precious effects, not only make 
 the response of Submission rightful and reasonable, but they exalt 
 and ennoble the gladly self-humbled and submitting spirit. By no 
 other act can man, in his state of nature, more honor and glorify God 
 than in his displacing of Self by the enthronement of God in the 
 Person of the Kingly Saviour, Christ, in heart and will and life. 
 
 Hence the foremost command of God in all His word is, Submis- 
 sion and Obedience. Upon its honest, prompt and hearty acceptance 
 all hope and all promise of blessing is conditioned and realized. Of 
 this fact, the testimony of Scripture is uniform and abundant. Upon 
 every page of Israel's history, by Moses and Joshua, by Samuel and 
 all the faithful Kings and Prophets, we read this one demand: " Obey 
 My Voice ! " And the record everywhere reveals blessings following 
 submissive obedience, and afflictions attending willful disobedience. 
 " Be not stiff-necked, as your fathers were, but yield yourselves to 
 the Lord," was the message of Hezekiah, which expresses the sub- 
 stance of God's demand through all the centuries of Old Testament 
 history. 2Chron. 30:8. VII. 340. 
 
 James 4:4. 7, 10. Submit yourselves unto God. Humble your- 
 selves in the sight of the Lord, and He shall lift you up. XL 636. 
 637. I Pet. 5:5, 6. Humble yourselves under the mighty hand of 
 God, that He may exalt you in due time. XL 667. Also read Ps. iig: 
 94. V. 325, 326. Ps. 131.' V. 406-409. Prov. 16:32. VI. 343-345. VII. 
 416. IX. 628, 642. 
 
170 Man's True Glory. 
 
 Self-Denial Adds to Surrender the Positive Element of 
 Resistance to Self. 
 
 Self-Sacrifice and Self-Crucifixion (Gal 6: 14. XL 409, 413) are 
 only more intense equivalent expressions. The deliberate and prin- 
 cipled Denial of Self-demands, even to the measure of sacrifice and 
 suffering, springs from and is actuated solely by a ruling principle 
 of unselfish love and devotion to God and to man. Self-sacrifice is 
 an essential precedent and condition of self-control and of self-con- 
 secration. In the present circumstances of man's existence, it is a 
 law of spiritual life and progress. Even in mere human associations, 
 it affords the only impressive evidence of an unselfish spirit. By its 
 costly fruits of cheer and help, it commends itself as beautiful, elevat- 
 ing and ennobling, even to a selfish soul. Hence it finds such fre- 
 quent expression among the earnest injunctions of the Master, whose 
 whole life was its perfect illustration. " Sell thy goods, and dis- 
 tribute to the poor, and follow Me," said Jesus to the rich young 
 ruler, whom for his human excellences He loved. In principle He 
 requires a corresponding sacrifice of all. "If any man would come 
 after Me, let him deny himself." Luke 9:23, 24. X. 276, 7. 
 
 Man's True Glory; the Knowledge, Love, Likeness 
 and Service of God. 
 
 Jer. 9:23, 24. Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom, the 
 rich man in his riches, the mighty man in his might; but let him in 
 this, that he understandeth and knoweth Me. that I am the Lord 
 which exercise lovingkindness, judgment, and righteousness, in the 
 earth; for in these things I delight. VIII. 441-443. i Cor. 1:31. Ho 
 that glorieth, let him glory in the Lord. Rom. 2:7. To them that 
 by patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption., 
 eternal life. XL 205. Rom. 5:3. We glory in tribulations; knowing 
 that tribulation worketh patience, etc. Rom. 15 : 17. I have my glory- 
 ing in Christ Jesus in things pertaining to God. Gal. 6: 13. Far be it 
 from me to glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, i Pet. 
 1:24. The glory of man as the flower of grass, i Pet. 5: i, 10. A 
 partaker of the glory that shall be revealed. The God of all grace 
 hath called you unto His eternal glory in Christ. 
 
 All the above Points lead up to that which is supreme and of 
 immeasurable significance : 
 
 Man's Changeless and Immortal Life. 
 
 This consists in the endless continuity and expansion of all his 
 spiritual faculties, and of perpetuated and increasing energy for their 
 
Immortal Life in Christ. 171 
 
 larger exercise and development, with results of ever-widening knowl- 
 edge, affection and service. The essential worth and use of this life is 
 found in its relation to and preparation for the life to come. Every- 
 thing possessed, experienced, or done on earth has value only as it 
 contributes to the attainment of eternal life. A single statement ex- 
 presses and exhausts the substance and significance of this final and 
 vital Point: 
 
 The Incarnate, Atoning, Risen and Glorified Christ is 
 the Source and the Giver of Man's Perfected and Abiding- 
 Life. ■ 
 
 To vitalize the dead human soul by deliverance from death-pro- 
 ducing sin, to bring into the spirit a new Divine life by His Holy 
 Spirit, to nourish that life and re-enforce its energies by " daily 
 Divine renewing in the inner man," in order to the working out of 
 the fruits of righteousness on earth to the glory of God, and to ripen 
 and mature the renewed spirit into a final condition of perfected like- 
 ness to God, so that the sanctified man might be welcomed to the 
 freedom and the privileges of the child in the Father's heavenly 
 household, all this Christ Himself declared to be the blessed purpose 
 and end for which He came, and died, and rose again to reign in 
 glory. And this is the central cardinal theme of all His authorized 
 and inspired interpreters. Such is the high, glad destiny of Man 
 as a believer in Christ, saved and glorified by Grace. But'the Theme 
 is incomplete without, reference to the alternative destiny which 
 awaits the willfully unbelieving man : 
 
 Man's Irreparable and Enduring Shame and Loss. 
 
 Christ's own words produce the clearest conviction and deepest 
 impression. He charges the final death of the soul, the second death, 
 to the man's determined withdrawal from and rejection of His loving 
 call. "I am come that ye may have life in abundance." "Ye will 
 not come unto Me, that ye may have life." John 5:40; 10: 10. And 
 He it is. the inviting, self-sacrificing, loving Christ, whose declara- 
 tions concerning the unbelieving man's final destiny are plainest and 
 most awful. IVIatt. 25:41, 46. Mark 9:44; 10:28, etc. And very 
 strong and impressive are the questions He propounds: Mark 8:36. 
 37. What shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and 
 lose his own soul? Or what shall a man give in exchange for his 
 soul? X. 2yy. 
 
iy2 Sowing and Reaping. 
 
 ENTIRE LIFE A MORAL SOWING AND REAPING. 
 
 Conscious, responsible living, before God and among men, im- 
 plies manifold obligations and imposes definite duties, toward God, 
 toward men, and toward the moral agent himself. Of necessity, there- 
 fore, the whole life-period is a moral sowing and reaping, and all are 
 sowers and reapers. Hence, the wide command, Eccles. 1 1 : 6. In 
 the morning sow thy seed, and in the evening withhold not thine 
 hand. VI. 509. 
 
 " We sow a thought and reap an act ; 
 We sow an act and reap a habit ; 
 We sow a habit and reap a character ; 
 We sow a character and reap a destiny." 
 
 Reaping invariably like in kind to the Sowing. 
 
 Gal. 6: 7. Whatsoever a man soweth, that shall he reap. XI. 410. 
 2Cor. 9:6, 10. Soweth sparingly, . . . bountifully, shall reap also. 
 XI. 377. Hos. 8:7. Sow in righteousness, reap according to mercy. 
 IX. 365, 6. Job. 4 : 8. They that plow iniquity, and sow trouble, reap 
 the same. VI. 36. Prov. 11 : 19. VI. 303, 4. 
 
 Two Diverse Kinds of Sowing, with differing but appro- 
 priate Fruit. 
 
 I. To God and Good. Gal. 6:8. He that soweth unto the Spirit 
 shall of the Spirit reap eternal life; 2. To Self and Evil. Gal. 6:8. 
 He that soweth unto his own flesh (to himself) shall of the flesh reap 
 corruption. XL 411. Prov. 1:31. They eat the fruit of their own 
 way. VI. 240. Prov. 22 : 8. He that soweth iniquity shall reap calam- 
 ity. Hos. 8:7. Have sown the wind, reap the whirlwind. IX. 360. 
 Hos. 10: 12. IX. 365, 7. 
 
 Courage and persistent fidelity in right sowing surely 
 rewarded. 
 
 Gal. 6:9. Let us not be weary in well-doing; for in due season 
 w^e shall reap, if we faint not. XL 411. Ps. 126: 5, 6. They that sow 
 in tears shall reap in joy. Though he goeth weeping, bearing seed, 
 "he shall come again with joy, bringing his sheaves. V. 382-385. Prov. 
 11: 18. To him that soweth righteousness a sure reward. VI. 303. 
 Isa. 32:20. Blessed ye that sow beside all waters. VITI. 160. James 
 3: 18. Fruit of righteousness sown in peace, etc. XL 634. 
 
Life's Brevity. Death. 175. 
 
 Every man a Reaper of others' Sowing, and a Sower for 
 others' Reaping. 
 
 John 4:36, ly, 38. One soweth, another reapcth. X. 105. John 
 12: 24. Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth 
 by itself alone; but if it die, it beareth much fruit. X. 440. 
 
 LIFE'S BREVITY AND FRAILTY. 
 
 Gen. 47:9. Few and evil the days of my life. I. 534. i Chron. 
 29: 15. Our days are as a shadow, and there is no abiding. III. 492. 
 Ps. 39:4-6. My days as handbreadths. Every man (Heb.) a breath. 
 
 IV. 290. . Ps. 90:4-6, 9, 10. Our years as a tale that is told (a sound 
 or sigh). V. 109, no, 112, 113. Ps. 102: 11. A shadow that declineth. 
 
 V. 175. Ps. 103: 15, 16. As grass, as a flower of the field. V. 185. 
 Job 7:6, 7, 9. My days swifter than a weaver's shuttle. My life a 
 breath. As a cloud is consumed and vanisheth. VI. 51. Job 9:25, 
 26. Days swifter than a post. Passed away as the swift ships. VI. 
 65. Job 14: I, 2. Of few days and full of trouble. A flower is cut 
 down. A shadow and continueth not. VI. 86, 7. Isa. 40; 6, 7. Grass 
 withereth. the flower fadeth. VIII. 206. Isa. 64:6. All do fade as a 
 leaf. VIII. 372. James 4: u.. Ye are a vapor, that appeareth for a 
 little time, and then vanisK'-^^- -^way. XI. 638. i Pet. 1:24. XI. 651. 
 I John 2: 17. XI. 687. Isa. 2:'22. Whose breath is in his nostrils. 
 VIII. 29.- Micah 2: 10. This is not your rest. IX. 472. Heb. 13: 14. 
 We have not here an abiding city. XI. 615. 2 Cor. 5:4. In this 
 tabernacle we groan, ^being burdened. XL 361. Ezek. 7:6. IX. 40. 
 Job 37:21. A mixed experience. VI. 193, 4. 
 
 Time to be Redeemed.' Eccl. 9:7-10. How to live. VI. 497- 
 501. Ps. 90: 12. So teach us to number our days that we may get us 
 an heart of wisdom. V. 111-113. Eph. 5: 15, 16. Look carefully hov/ 
 ye walk, not as unwise but as wise; redeeming the time, because the 
 days are evil. XL 437. Col. 4: 5. Walk in wisdom toward them that 
 are without, redeeming the time. XL 483. Wasted years restored. 
 Joel 2: 25. IX. 397. Effect of unveiling the hidden life. 2 Kings 8:11. 
 VIII. 215, 216. Uncertainty. Prov. 27: i. VI. 407. Jas. 4: 13. XL 
 
 For Life's Periods (Youth and Age), sec Top. An., p. 282. 
 
 DEATH. 
 
 Appointed unto AH. 
 
 Gen. 3:19. Unto dust shalt thou return. I. 194. Appointed to 
 all. Heb. 9 : 27. Appointed unto men once to die. Eccles. 3:2. A 
 
174 Death, 
 
 time to die. VI. 455. Eccles. 8 : 8. No man hath power to retain the 
 spirit. VI. 490, I. Eccles. 9:5. Living know that they shall die. VI. 
 496. Eccles. 12:7. Dust to dust. VI. 515-517. Jer. 16:6. Great and 
 small shall die. i Sam. 14 : 14. We must needs die. III. 428. Deut. 
 31 : 14, 16. II. 718, 719, 729. XI. 361. Job 4:20. VI. 39. 16:22. VI. 
 
 lOI. 
 
 The Event Determined by God. 
 
 Job 30:23. Thou wilt bring me to death. VI. 159. Job 14:5. 
 Number of his months is with Thee. VI. 87. Ps. 68:20. Unto Jeho 
 vah the Lord belongs the issues from death. V. 465. John 14:3. 
 
 Christ, Victor over Death. 
 
 Heb. 2: 14, 15. Through death destroyed the power of death. XI. 
 561, 2. I Cor. 15:26. The last enemy destroyed is death. XL 335. 
 Isa. 25:8. He hath swallowed up death. VIII. 118-121, 9. Isa. 26: 
 19. VIII. 129, 130. 2 Tim. i: 10. Abolished death, i Cor. 15:54-57. 
 Swallowed up death in victory. XL 340. Hosea 13:14. IX. 377. 
 Rev. 21:4. No more death. 
 
 Death of Righteous — of Saints. 
 
 "Dead with Christ." Rom. 6:8. Col. 2:20. "Dead in Christ." 
 I Thes. 4: 16. Prov. 14:32. Righteous hath hope in his death. VT. 
 327. Isa. 57:1, 2. Righteous taken away from evil. He entereth 
 into peace. VIII. 320. Ps. 37:37. Latter end of the upright is peace. 
 IV. 283. I Cor. 3:22. Death is yours. XL 291. Rom. 8:38. Nor 
 death can separate from love of God. XL 243. Ps. 73 : 24-26. After- 
 ward receive me to glory. V. 11-14. Ps. 116:15. Precious in the 
 sight of the Lord is the death of His saints. V. 269-276. Rev. 14: 13. 
 Blessed the dead who die in the Lord. XI. 759. John 11 : 25. Though 
 dead yet shall he live. X. 347. John 14:3. I will receive you unto 
 Myself. X. 480. XL 530 (A. M.). XL 610, 11. Dying grace. Heb. 
 2:15. XL 561. Also VI. 497. VIII. 225. 
 
 The Saint's Death a Sleep, with Blissful Awaking. 
 
 Ps. 13:3. The sleep of death. IV. 104. i Thes. 4:14, 17, 18. 
 Them that are fallen asleep in Jesus will God bring with Him. So 
 be ever with the Lord. XL 492, 3. Acts 7:60. He fell asleep. XL 
 54. Ps. 17: 15. Satisfied when I awake in Thy likeness. IV. 129-133. 
 
Judgment of God. 17^ 
 
 State of the Blessed Dead. 
 
 Immediate and Intermediate. Luke 2^ : 43. To-day shalt thou be 
 with Me in Paradise. X. 546. Ps. 7;^ : 24. Thou shalt receive me to 
 glory. V. II, 275, 6. Phil, i : 21, 2^. To die is gain. To depart and 
 be with Christ. XI. 448, 9. Also read XI. 331, 340, 759. X. 349. 
 Isa. 26: 19. VIII. 129. Zech. 14:6. IX. 614. Hos. 13: 14. 376, 7. 
 
 Helpful References and Sue^estive Thought. 
 
 Job 14: 10, 14. Where is He? Shall He live again? \T. 88-90. 
 
 Death to the aged. Job 5 : 26. As a shock of corn in its season. 
 VI. 43., 4- Of the strong. Jer. 48. Stafif broken. VIII. 568. 
 
 Condition of the Infant dead. XI. 221. Death by Translation. 
 Enoch and Elijah. I. 225, 6. VII. 159, 160. 
 
 The righteous dead still live in their influence. Ps. 112:6. The 
 righteous shall be had in everlasting remembrance. V. 252. Heb. 11 : 
 4. Dead, yet speaketh. XI. 597. 
 
 God glorified in the manner of dying. John 21 : 19. By what 
 death he should glorify God. 
 
 Further Suggestive Thought. II. 597, 8. 718, 9. 729. Wisdom 
 of preparation. VII. 346-348. Ps. 90: 12. 
 
 JUDGMENT OF GOD. 
 
 1. God's Judgments upon Peoples and Persons on 
 Earth. 
 
 Judgment His "strange work." Isa. 28:21. VIII. 141, 2. Ps. 9: 
 16. Lord is known by the judgments He executeth. IV. 89. Ps. 99: 
 4. Thou executest judgment. V. 163. Ps. 103:6. Executeth judg- 
 ment for oppressed. V. 182. Prov. 29:26. Every man's judgment 
 cometh from the Lord. VI. 419. Isa. 3: 10, 11. VIII. ^o. ler. 23: S- 
 He shall execute" judgment in the land. VIII. 505. Rev. 16- 17. True 
 and righteous are His judgments. Dan. 7:9-14. IX. 274-277. All 
 His Judgments executed solely in the interest of Righteousness and 
 Mercy, of Man's Redemption. Isa. 26. 9. When Thy judgments are 
 ni the earth the inhabitants will learn righteousness. VIII. 127. 
 Isa. 30:18. God of judgment that He may have mercy. VIII. 152. 
 Ps. loi: I. Mercy and judgment. V. 170. Ps. 89: 14. Righteousness 
 and judgment the habitation of Thy throne. IVIercy and truth go 
 before (as heralds). V. 98. Joel 2: 11-14. IX. 395. 396. Isa. 63:4. 
 The day of vengeance was in Mine heart, and the year of My re- 
 
ij6 Judgment — Resurrection. 
 
 deemed is come. VIII. 365, 6. James 2: 13. Mercy glorieth against 
 judgment. Amos 4: 12. Because I will do this, prepare to meet thy 
 God. IX. 415. 
 
 2. Final Judgment; Christ the Judge. 
 
 Ps. 9:8. He shall judge the world in righteousness. IV. 88. 
 Acts 17:31. XI. 127. Eccles. 3: 15, 16, 17. God shall judge the right- 
 eous and the wicked. VI. 462, 3. John 5 : 22. Hath committed all 
 judgment to the Son. X. 130. Description of the Judgment. Matt. 
 25:31-46. Note the determining principle of vs. 40, 45: Done it 
 . . . did it not unto Me. X. 460. 2 Cor. 5:10. All made manifest 
 before the judgment seat of Christ. XI. 362. Rom. 14: 10. XI. 268. 
 Heb. 9:27. After death the judgment. Rev. 20:11-15. The dead, 
 small and great, stand before God. The books opened. XI. 768-773. 
 
 References to the Day of Judgment: 
 
 Day of the Lord: Joel i : 15. Read IX. 389-392. Zeph. i : 14. IX. 
 526. Isa. 13:9. Zech. 14: i. Mai. 4:5. i Cor. 5:5. 2 Cor. 1:14. 
 I Thes. 5 : 2. 
 
 Great Day: Rev. 6: 17. Of His wrath. Jude 6. Judgment of the 
 great day. 
 
 The Day: Mai. 4: i. Cometh. Heb. 10:25. Approaching. 2 Pet. 
 3: 10. Will come as. i Cor. 3: 13. Shall declare it. 
 
 That Day: Mai. 3: 17. When I make up My jewels. Matt. 7: 22. 
 Will say, Lord. Matt. 24: 36. Knoweth no man. 2 Tim. i : 12.- Com- 
 mitted to Him against. Vs. 13. Find mercy in. 2 Tim. 4:8. Crown 
 the Lord shall give me in that day. 
 
 Day of Christ: Phil. 2: 16. May rejoice in the day of Christ. 
 
 Day of Judgment: Eccles. 12:14. Matt. 10:15; 12:36. Acts 
 17:31. 2 Pet. 2:9. I John 4:7. Jude 6. Described. Matt. 25:31- 
 46. Rom. 2:5, 6, 16. 2 Cor. 5:10. Rev. 20:11-18. XI. 770-773. 
 
 RESURRECTION OF THE BODY. 
 
 Old Testament. Isa. 26: 19. Dead shall live . . . dead 
 bodies shall arise. VIII. 128-130. Hos. 6:2. IX. 352. Hos. 13:14- 
 I will ransom from the grave, redeem from death. TX. 376, 7. Dan. 
 12:2. Them that sleep shall awake, some to everlasting life, some to 
 shame. IX. 322. 
 
 New Testament. Luke 20 : 37, 38. That the dead arc raised, 
 even Moses showed. X. 427, 8. John 5 : 29. Come forth, unto the 
 
Immortality. i y 7 
 
 resurrection of life, of condemnation. John 11:23-26. Thy brother 
 shall rise again. X. 347-349. John 6: 39, 40, 45, 54. I will raise him up 
 at the last day. X. 255. i Cor. 15: 12-58. Argument. X. 330-341. Par- 
 ticular statements: Vs. 42-44. Sown — raised — a natural and spiritual 
 body. 388, 9. Vs. 49. Image of Heavenly. 339. Vs. 53, 54. 340, i. 
 Rom. 8: 11. Shall quicken your mortal bodies. XI. 235. 2 Cor. 5: 1-4. 
 Clothed upon with our habitation which is from heaven. XI. 361. Phil. 
 3: 21. Who shall fashion anew the body of our humiliation, that it may 
 be conformed to the body of His glory. XI. 461. i Thes. 4: 14, 16. If 
 Jesus died and rose again, even so them that are fallen asleep in 
 Jesus will God bring with Him. XI. 492, 3. Rev. 14:13. Blessed 
 who die in the Lord, they rest, etc. XI. 759. Rev. 20: 12. The dead 
 stand before God. XI. 771. Order of Resurrection. 1 Cor. 15:23, 51, 
 52. See comment. Top. An., p. 456, 7. 
 
 IMMORTALITY, ETERNAL LIFE. 
 
 Old Testament Intimations: 
 
 Gen. 37:35. I. 493. Ps. 16:8-11. Thou wilt show me the path 
 of life. In Thy right hand there are pleasures for evermore. IV. 
 121-125. Ps. 17: 14, 15. I shall behold Thy face in righteousness; I 
 shall be satisfied, when I awake, with Thy likeness. IV. 129-133. Ps. 
 41: 12. Thou settest me before Thy face forever. IV. 308. Ps. 49: 
 14, 15. God will redeem my soul from the power of Sh^ol, for He 
 shall receive me. IV. 352. Ps. jt, : 24-26. Shalt receive me to glory. 
 God is my portion forever. V. 11-14. Ps. 112:6. V. 252. Job 14:7- 
 T2. VI. 88. 89, 90. Job 19:25-27. After my skin, even this body, is 
 destroyed, then without my flesh I shall see God. VI. 110-115. Eccles. 
 3: II, 15, 21. He hath set eternity in their heart. God seeketh again 
 that which is passed away. VI. 459, 460, 462-466. Eccles. 12:7. The 
 spirit return xmto God who gave it. VI. 516-520, 555. Isa. 25:8. He 
 hath swallowed .up death forever. VIII. 118-120. Isa. 26:19. Thy 
 dead shall live. VIII. 128-130. Dan. 12:2, 3. Shall awake, some to 
 everlasting life, and some to everlasting contempt. And they that be 
 wise shall shine as the brightness of the firmament ; and they that 
 turn many to righteousness as the stars for ever and ever. IX. 322- 
 325. Hos. 13: 14. I will ransom them from the power of the grave; 
 I will redeem them from death. IX. 376, 377. 
 
 New Testament Affirmations: 
 
 Words of Christ. Matt. 19: 29. Shall inherit eternal life. Luke 18: 
 30. Shall receive in the world to come eternal life. John 3 : 16, 36. X^ot 
 
178 Immortality. 
 
 perish, but have eternal life. He that believeth on the Son hath eternal 
 life. John 4 : 14. John 5 124, 25. He that heareth and believeth hath eter- 
 nal life. John 6: 47. He that believeth hath eternal life. John 11 : 24, 
 25. He that believeth on Me, though he die, yet shall he live; and 
 whosoever liveth and believeth on Me shall never die. John 14: 3, 19. 
 I will receive you unto Myself; that where I am, there ye may be 
 also. Because I live, ye shall live also. John 17:24. I will that 
 where I am they also may be with Me. Luke 23 : 43. Verily I say 
 unto thee. To-day shalt thou be with Me in Paradise. X. 341. 
 
 Apostolic Writers. Rom. 8 : 38, 39. Neither death nor life, nor 
 things to come shall be able to separate us from the love of God 
 which is in Christ Jesus our Lord. XL 243. i Cor. 15:21, 22, 49, 53, 
 54. As in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive. As 
 we have borne the image of the earthy, we shall also bear the image 
 of the heavenly. For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and 
 this mortal must put on immortality. Then shall come to pass the 
 saying that is written. Death is swallowed up in victory. XL 341. i 
 Thes. 4: 17. The dead in Christ shall rise ... to meet the Lord; 
 and so shall we ever be with the Lord. 2 Tim. Christ Jesus, who 
 abolished death, and brought life and incorruption to light. XL 530. 
 Rev. 14: 13. Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord from hence- 
 forth ; yea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labors ; for 
 their works follow with them. XL 759. Rev. 21 : 3, 4. Behold, the 
 tabernacle of God is with men, and He shall dwell with them ; and 
 death shall be no more, neither mourning nor pain any more ; the first 
 things are passed away. XL 778. 
 
 Immortality would seem to be a necessary implication from man's 
 structural likeness to God. From the marvelous gifts of intelligence, 
 affection, a sense of moral obligation, and capacities for moral action, 
 we must infer that God made man for His own abiding fellowship 
 and service. And this the Scriptures affirm. Another reasonable in- 
 ference : A being made by God Itkc unto Himself He would not suffer 
 to die, much less annihilate. Such a being He would not make for 
 an ephemeral, aimless existence. 
 
 See comment, Top. An., pp. 204-207. 
 
Christian Life. 179 
 
 MAN AS SPIRITUALLY TRANSFORMED. 
 
 Process and Results of Transformation Presented 
 Comprehensively under tJie Heading 
 
 CHRISTIAN LIFE. 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 1. Scripture Terms Applied to Christian Believers. 
 
 Christian, One belonging to Christ ( N. T.). Acts 11:26. Dis- 
 ciples called Christians. XI. 82. Acts 26:28. To be a Christian. XI. 
 172. I Pet. 4: 16. Suffer as a Christian. XI. 664. Described. 2 Pet. 
 3: II. XL 679 {HilV). 
 
 Disciple, Taught or trained one. (In Gospels and Acts.) 
 ;Matt. 10: 24, 25. Not above ... as his Master. X. 237. 
 Matt. 12:49. X. 191- John 8:31. If ye continue . ... My dis- 
 ciples. X. 315. John 15:8. Bear fruit, so My disciples. X. 491. Love 
 to brethren a chief test and evidence. John 13:35. X. 474. i John 
 3: 14. XL 693. 
 
 Believer, or one that trusteth in Christ (N. T.). 
 
 John 3: 16. Believeth in Him. X. 90. John 11:25, 26. He that 
 believeth in me shall never die. X. 348. Acts 13 : 39. By Him all that 
 believe are justified. XL 97. Rom. i : 16. Gospel power of God to 
 every one that believeth. XL 199. 2 Tim. i : 12. Know whom I have 
 believed. XL 531. i Pet. i : 8. Believing, ye rejoice. XL 647. Be- 
 liever a temple of the Holy Ghost, i Cor. 3 : 16. XL 290. Also III. 
 571. 5/2- 
 
 Follower (Imitator) of Christ (N. T.). 
 
 Matt. 19: 21. Come, follow Me. X. 390. John 8: 12. He that fol- 
 loweth Me shall have the light of life. X. 310, 313. Eph. 5:1. Be 
 followers of God, as dear children. XL 435. 
 
i8o Christian Life. 
 
 Servant (Slave) of Christ (N. T.). 
 
 John 12:26. Where I am, there shall My servant be. X. 441. 
 John 15: 15. I call you not servants, but friends. X. 493. 
 
 Righteous, upright (O. T. chiefly). 
 
 Ps. 5: 12. Lord will bless. IV. 67. Ps. 11:5, 7. IV. 98, 99. Ps. 
 15:2-5. IV. 113. Ps. 24:4. IV. 189. Ps. 34: 15. IV. 257, 8. Ps. 37: 
 30, 31. IV. 282. Ps. 64: 10. IV. 434. Ps. 97: II, 12. A\ 157, 8, 249, 
 254. Ps. 146:8. Lord loveth the righteous. Prov. 4:18. Path as 
 light. VI. 266-8. Prov. 14 : 32. Hope in his death. VI. 327, 8. Prov. 
 15:29. VI. 334. Prov. 18:10. Is safe. VI. 352. Isa. 3:10. It shall 
 be well. VIII. 30. Isa. 33: 15. VIII. 164, 5. Matt. 13:43. Shall shine 
 forth in the Kingdom. Matt. 25:37, 46. Life eternal. X. 462. (All 
 "great and precious promises.") 
 
 Good Man. 
 
 Prov. 12:2. Shall obtain favor of the Lord. Prov. 13:22. Leav- 
 eth inheritance to his children's children. VI. 317. Prov. 14: 14. Shall 
 be satisfied from himself. VI. 323. Acts 11 : 24. Full of faith and the 
 Holy Ghost. XI. 82. 2 Kings 4:9. Man of God. VII. 178. Godly. 
 Ps. 12: I. IV. 100. Ps. 86:2. V. 80. 2 Pet. 2:9. 
 
 Saints. Set apart. Holy, Beloved, or Gracious Ones. (The 
 term most frequently used in both Testaments.) 
 
 Passages full of helpful promise: i Sam. 2: 9. III. 251. Ps. 16: 3 
 IV. 118. Ps. 31:23. IV. 235. Ps. 34:9. IV. 254. Ps. 52:9. IV 
 379. ■ Ps. 79 : 2. V. 48. Ps. 85 : 8. V. 75, 6. Ps. 89 : 5, 7. V. 96. Ps 
 97:10. V. 157. Ps. 106:16. V. 212. Ps. 116:15. V. 269-276. Ps 
 132:9, 16. V. 412, 3. Ps. 145:10. V. 473. Ps. 148:14. V. 496 
 Ps. 149: I, 9. V. 497, 499. Dan. 7: 18-27. IX. 279. Zech. 14:5. IX 
 614. Matt. 27:52. X. 551. I Cor. 1:2. Called to be saints. XI. 278 
 I Cor. 6:2, 3. Shall judge world, angels. XI. 296. Eph. 4: 12. Per- 
 fecting of. XI. 429. Eph. 5:3. As becometh. XL 436. Phil. 4:22. 
 XI. 466. Col. 1 : 12, 26. Inheritance of. XL 469, 471. 2 Thes. i : 10. 
 Glorified in His Saints. XI. 498, 9. Jude 3. XL 709. 
 
 Children, or Sons, of God. 
 
 Ps. 103: 13. V. 183. Rom. 8: 15-17, 21. XL 236-238. i Pet. i: 
 14. XI. 649. Matt. 5:9, 45. X. 147, 154. Luke 20:36. X. 428. Gal. 
 3:26. XT. 400. Gal. 4:6. XT. 402. Phil. 2: 15. XL 454. i John 3: 
 I, 2. Behold what love, . . . that we should be called children 
 of God. . . . Now are we. XL 690. 
 
Figures of Christian Life. i8i 
 
 2. Christian Life a Period of Education for Future, 
 Perfected Being, involving a process of discipline, train- 
 ing and testing unto the end. 
 
 Some Characteristics and Processes as represented under 
 famihar figures, showing hardships, temptations, perils and 
 obligations, with methods of meeting, fulfilling, enduring and 
 overcoming. 
 
 Life as a Warfare; the Christian as a Soldier. 
 
 Opposing and assaulting powers : The Flesh, or the old nature in 
 life-long conflict with the new. i Pet. 2:11. James 4:1. Fleshly 
 lusts which war against the soul. XI. 635, 654. Supreme devotion to 
 worldly associations and interests. Rom. 12 : 2. Conformed to this 
 world. XL 257. 2 Cor. 6: 14-18. Come ye out from among them. XI. 
 369. Powers of darkness. 2 Cor. 10:3-5. XI. 380. Eph. 6: 11, 12. 
 Against the wiles of the devil. Against rulers, etc. XI. 442, 3. James 
 4:7. Resist the devil. XL 637. i Pet. 5 : 8, 9. Resist steadfast in the 
 faith. XL 668. Rom. 16:20. God shall bruise Satan under your feet. 
 XL 275. The Soldier's Armor. Eph. 6: 14-17. Helmet (the hope of, 
 I Thes. 5:9), Salvation; Breastplate of righteousness (faith and love, 
 
 1 Thes. 5:8); Shield of faith; Girdle (binding all together), truth; 
 sword of the Spirit, the Word of God. XL 443, 4. Divine Orders and 
 Counsels; 2 Tim. 2:3, 4. Suffer hardship as a good soldier of Jesus 
 Chri.st. XL 533. i Tim. i: 18. War a good warfare, i -Tim. 6: 12. 
 Fight the good 5ght of the faith, lay hold on eternal life. XL 526. 
 
 2 Tim. 4 : 7. I have fought the good fight. Watching and Waiting in 
 Trust and Prayer, and standing fast in the good fight, is the order 
 and detail of the Christian Soldier's duty. Loyalty to truth and duty, 
 and devotion to the Sovereign and to the interests of the Kingdom, 
 are the principles that inspire and sustain him in the discomfort and 
 weariness of camp and march, and in the sacrament of conflict, i 
 Cor. 16: 13. Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be 
 strong. XL 344. Eph. 6: 10, 11. Be strong in the Lord. Put on the 
 whole armor of God. XL 442, 3. O. T. Texts: Ex. 14: 13. 2 Chron. 
 20: T5-17. VII. 294. 2 Sam. to: t2. III. 407. i Kings 2:2. III. 481. 
 Josh. 1:6, 8. III. 38, 40. Christ the Captain. Josh. 5: 14. III. 58-60. 
 Heb. 2: 10. XL 560. 
 
 Life as a competitive Contest; the Christian as an Athlete, seeking 
 the crown-laurel in the Games. 
 
 Chief passages and points: i Cor. 9: 24-27. XL 307. Phil. 3: 12- 
 
1 82 Christian Experience. 
 
 14. XL 459, 460. Heb. 12: I, 2. XI. 603-605. 2 Tim. 2:5. XI. 533. 
 2 Tim. 4:7. XL 541. Allusions: Gal. 2:2; 5:7. Phil. 2:16. 
 
 Life as a Journey or Pilgrimage; the Christian a Pilgrim, Sojourner. 
 
 Lev. 25:23. II. 425. Ps. 39: 12. IV. 294. Ps. 119: 19. Y. 296. 
 
 Ps. 119: 54. V. 310, 311. Heb. II : 13. XL 599. i Pet. 2: 11. XL 654. 
 
 Life as a Trust, Stewardship to be Accounted for; the Christian 
 a Trustee, Tradesman, Steward. 
 
 Luke 12:42, 48.' X. 199, 200. Luke 16:2-4, 11. X. 373-375. Luke 
 19: 13. X. 402. I Cor. 4: I, 2. XL 292. I Thes. 2:4. XL 487. i Tim. 
 6:20. 2 Tim. 1:12-14. 2 Tim. 4:7. Kept the faith, i Pet. 4:10. 
 Job 34: II. VI. 179. 
 
 Life as a Witnessing or Testimony for God, for His truth and His 
 claims. The Christian a Witness in life and character, an Epistle of 
 Christ, a Light-bearer. 
 
 Ps. 66: 16. IV. 444. Isa. 43: 10. Ye are My witnesses. VIII. 226. 
 Luke 24:48. Acts 1:8. X. 580. Acts 4:13, 33. XL 10. 32, 36. 2 
 Cor. 3:2, 3. Epistle of Christ. XL 353. Matt. 5: 14-16. Ye the light 
 of the world. X. 147, 8. Phil. 2: 15. Lights in the world. XL 454. 
 I Thes. 5: 5. Sons of light. XL 495. 
 
 Other Minor Figures applied to Believers. 
 
 Members of Christ's Body. Eph. 5 : 30. Temple of God. i Cor. 
 3: 16. Builders. Matt. 7:24. X. 169. i Thes. 5: 11. XL 495. "Liv- 
 ing stones in a Spiritual house." i Pet. 2 : 5. XL 653. " Kings and 
 Priests unto God," implying the highest service as well as place, i Pet. 
 2:5, 9. Eph. 2:20-22. XL 421. Rev. 1:6. XL 653. Citizens of 
 heaven. Phil. 3:20. XL 461. Fellozv Helpers. 3 John 8. Phil. 4:3. 
 
 In all these Relations and Conditions God's guidance, help and 
 deliverance are assured to the Christian. 
 
 CHRISTIAN EXPERIENCE. I. Inauguration. II. 
 Progress. III. Assured Results and Limitations. 
 
 I. Inauguration of the New Spiritual Life. The Agents, 
 
 Means and Results of the Vital Change in Spiritual Character and 
 Condition: The Agents are God, Whose action is efficient and initia- 
 tive, and Man, whose agency is conditional and responsive. The 
 
Inauguration. 183 
 
 Means are the Revealed Word made clear and impressive by the Holy 
 Spirit, together with man's heedful attention, willing reception and 
 heartfelt response to its gracious recjuirements. The Results are 
 man's turning back to God by reversing the course of his life-control- 
 ling estimates, affections, desires and choices, from self-loving and 
 seeking to supreme love and devotion to God; this reversal achieved 
 only and surely under the efficient leading and drawing of the Holy 
 Spirit. The Scriptural terms applied to man's action in this radical 
 change are Mctanoia (misrendered Repentance), meaning change of 
 mind, heart, ivill, life and Conversion, or turning back to God, both 
 of which, the inward change and the actual turning, are demanded by 
 God from man as his own willing act. The efficient, vital influence 
 of the Holy Spirit in the renewal and transformation of the willing 
 human spirit, is Scripturally represented under the terms Regenera- 
 tion, or New Creation from above. 
 
 Man's part in the process of Spiritual Transformation: 
 
 Attention to and reflection upon the truth " able to make wise 
 unto salvation." Ps. 119: 59. I thought and turned. V. 312. Isa. 55: 
 2, 3. Vni. 30T. Heb. 2: I. XI. 559. Glad reception and heart belief 
 of this truth, under the illumining power of the Holy Spirit. Acts 16: 
 14. Whose heart the Lord opened to give heed unto the things spoken. 
 XI. 113. Decision to surrender mind, heart, and will, under the same 
 gracious influence. Acts 9 : 6. What wilt Thou have me to do ? XI. 63. 
 171. Luke 15: 17-20. X. 370. X. 650, I. Vs. 22. Coincident with the 
 choice or decision, and under the same gracious influence, is the act 
 of penitent surrender, the actual change of mind or " uietanoia toward 
 God" (Acts 20:21), together with "faith toivard the Lord Jesus 
 Christ." This faitJi, which is also a vital element in man's " v/ork- 
 ing," means heart confidence in Christ the God-man, and reliance upon 
 His one perfect sacrificial offering for sin, whereby the trusting man 
 is pardoned and the pardoned man is justified by God Himself as 
 against all demands of a holy but broken law, and is henceforth to 
 be reckoned and treated as righteous, by reason of the righteousness 
 of his Divine Ransomer and Substitute. While justification is " the 
 form.al act of God by which one is admitted to the Christian life," yet 
 faith, the condition of this admission, is developed and exercised under 
 a Divine leading and influence. So it is that in all stages of the 
 great spiritual transformation, man's part is performed under the 
 gracious breathings, the helpful suggestions and the prompting ap- 
 peals of the Spirit of God. Repentance and Faith fully treated on 
 pages 74, 78. 
 
184 Christian Experience. 
 
 Work of the Holy Spirit, 
 
 crowning His illumining and drawing influence, in the production 
 of a vital spiritual change in the willing, penitent, believing man. 
 This is explicitly declared in the words, " born anew, or from above," 
 " born of the Spirit." John 3 : 3-8. X. 88. Titus 3 : 5. Renewing of 
 the Holy Ghost. XL 551. VH. 201. Ezek. 11:19; 36:26. IX. 56, 
 155-157- I Cor. 5: 17. New creation. XI. 365. i Cor. 6: 11. Sancti- 
 fied, justified in name of Christ and by the Spirit. XI. 297. Through 
 the truth, acting upon the reason, conscience and heart. 2 Thes. 2: 13, 
 14. Chosen to salvation, through sanctification of the Spirit, and belief 
 of the truth. XI. 502. James i : 18. XI. 624. i Pet. i : 23. Begotten 
 through the word of God. XL 651. See Sanctification, p. 89. 
 
 Effects Divinely Wrought 
 
 in the changed believing man by reason of God's Acts of formal Justi- 
 fication and spiritual Regeneration, comprising all precious and satis- 
 fying elements of heart-experience. Paul calls them the " Fruit of 
 the Spirit." Gal. 5 : 22, 23. Love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, 
 goodness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control. XL 407, 8. Rom. 8:7. 
 XL 234. Col. 3: 12-15. X^- 479- ^ P^t. 1:3-9. XL 645-648. 
 
 II. Continuity of the Renewing or Sanctifying Pro- 
 cess, and Progress of the New Created Spiritual Life. 
 
 Llere also are the same Agents and methods of action, the same de- 
 mand of God to " work out our own salvation," " to keep ourselves 
 in the love of God " (Jude 21), and the same sure pledge that " God 
 worketh in us to will and to do," Phil. 2:12; that He will '"shed 
 abroad His love in our hearts by the Holy Spirit." Rom. 5:5. So 
 with reference to purity, i Tim. 5:22. i Pet. 1:22. Rom. 8:13. 
 And to perfection. Matt. 5:48 and Heb. 13:21. Here also the same 
 means, the Word of truth, through which we are sanctified. John 17: 
 17. X. 536. I Pet. 2:2. XL 653. 2 Pet. 1:4. To the word may be 
 added the ordinances of worship, the opportunities of fellowship and 
 effects of service, which pertain to the new Christian Life. Wor- 
 ship, Fellowship and Work, like the truths and promises of the Word, 
 not only bring privilege and blessing, but in their daily practice are 
 eminent means of spiritual growth, progress and efficiency, by stimu- 
 lating all high and holy desires, affections and aims to more vigorous 
 and fruitful exercise and to larger results. Furthermore, we know 
 that spiritual life, like all other life, is dependent upon its own un- 
 ceasing energy and productiveness. James 2 : 26. As the body apart 
 
Continuity and Progress. 185 
 
 from the spirit is dead, so faith apart from (its own proper) works 
 is dead. Matt. 7: 16; 21:20. 
 
 Hence the Divine command to activity, growth, progress in the 
 'Christian life finds direct, full and frequent expression under mani- 
 fold forms and often with promise attached. Ex. 14: 15. Go forward. 
 II. 48. Hosea 6:3. Follow on to know the Lord, and He shall 
 come to us, etc. IX. 353-355. 2 Pet. 3: 18. Grow in the grace and 
 knowledge of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. XL 679, 680. 
 Eph. 4: 16. Grow up in all things into Christ. XL 429, 430. Phil. 
 3:13, 14. Forgetting the things behind and stretching forward to 
 the things before, press on toward the goal. XL 459, 460. Heb. 6: i. 
 Press on to perfection. XL 574. Col. i : 10. Increasing in knowledge 
 of God. XL 469. I Thes. 3:12. Increase and abound in love. 2 
 Thes. I : 3. Faith groweth exceedingly. Jer. 12 : 2. Grow, bring forth 
 fruit. VIII. 452. John 15:5. He that abideth in Me bringeth forth 
 fruit. X. 489. Judges 8:4. Faint yet pursuing. III. 220. 2 Pet. i: 
 5-8. XL 671, 2. Phil. 4:8. XL 464. XL 661. 2d parag. 
 
 Accompanying these Divine commands to movement and progress 
 we find many promises and encouragements of the sanctifying Spirit 
 in behalf of the earnest, though weak and weary. Christian. Deut. 
 33:25. As thy days, so shall thy strength be. II. 735. Job 17:9. 
 Wax stronger and stronger. YL 103. Ps. 84:7. They go from 
 strength to strength. V. 69. Ps. 103:13, 14. Pitieth, rememberelh 
 that we are dust. V. 183, 4. Matt. 26:41. Spirit willing but the 
 flesh weak. James 1:5. Upbraideth not. i Cor. 10:13. Will with 
 the temptation also mak^ the way of escape, that ye may be able to 
 endure. XL 310. 2 Cor. 4: 16. Our inward man is renewed day by 
 day. XL 360. 2 Cor. 3: 18. Transformed into the same image from 
 glory to glory by the Spirit. XL 355. i Thes. 5 : 23. The God of 
 peace Himself sanctify you wholly. XL 497. Isa. 40:31. They that 
 wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength, shall nm and not be 
 weary. VIII. 211, 2. Matt. 25:29. Unto every one that hath shall 
 be given, and he shall have abundance. Other and abounding texts : 
 Deliverance. Ps. 41 : i ; 91 : 14, 15. 2 Cor. i : 10. 2 Pet. 2: 9. Guid- 
 ance. Ps. 32:8; 48:14; 73:24. John 16:13. Girding. Ps. 18:32, 
 39. I Pet. 1:5. Indwelling. John 14:17. Rom. 8:11. i Cor. 3: 
 16. 2 Cor. 6:16. Eph. 3:17. 2 Tim. 1:14. The Holy Spirit's 
 ■" daily renewing " enlarges the believer's knowledge of the heart of 
 God as revealed in the willing Self-offering of His Son. And the 
 Spirit's inwrought conviction of the " love of God in Christ Jesus " 
 imparts fervor and steadfastness to the believer's faith and love, and 
 thus increases his spiritual growth and fruitfulness. 
 
1 86 Christian Experience — Results. 
 
 III. Assured Results. Present Limitations. 
 Complete Attainments, Present and Abiding. 
 
 (i) Justification, God's own act, whereby the believer in Christ 
 has an accepted standing before the holy Law, is reckoned and treated 
 as righteous solely through the perfect righteousness and vicarious 
 self-offering of the God-Man Christ Jesus. Rom. 6: 14. Ye are not 
 under law, but under grace. XI. 225. Rom. 8:1-4. No condemna- 
 tion, etc. XI. 232, 3. Gal. 5: 18. Fruits of justification. Rom. 5: i- 
 5. XI. 214-216. See p. 57. (2) Nczv Creation, or spiritual re-crea- 
 tion, God's sole act, aiding and assuring man's (metanoia) radical 
 change of mind and life, and efficiently producing the new spiritual 
 life. Eph. 2: I. John 3:3. 5. See p. 89. (3) Adoption, God's act 
 of restoring to the believing, justified, and renewed man all the privi- 
 leges and claims of childship. Rom. 8:14-16. XL 236. Gal. 13:26; 
 4:4-6. See p. 63. (4) Present Salvation, or the Time-stage of 
 Eternal Redemption. No clearly asserted Scripture truth is so im- 
 perfectly discerned and so inadequately appreciated, none so feebly 
 grasped and realized, as this. Yet for every end of Christian living 
 and growth this truth demands thorough apprehension and ever in- 
 stant realization. The Scripture mood and tense always affirm an 
 already accomplished salvation, in sharp contrast with half-hearted 
 expressions of hope and even of prayer, so often heard from the 
 good, here and now really saved. We read only the words "hath" 
 and " are," and they are many. " Hath everlasting life." X. 91, 94. 
 He that hath the Son, hath life, i Cor. i: 18; 15:2; 6: 11. Ye are 
 saved, sanctified, justified, etc. Eph. 2:5. By grace ye are saved, i 
 John 3 : 2, 14. Now are we children of God. Have passed from death 
 unto life, i John 5:12, 13. XL 701, 2. Col. 3:3. Our life is hid 
 with Christ. Read first note. XL 419. 
 
 These Assured Abiding Results, Justification by faith, with its 
 fruitage of inward graces of the Spirit, Regeneration or New Crea- 
 tion, Adoption or reacknowledged childship, and Present Salvation, 
 all pertain to Christian Experience as known and consciously realized 
 facts, bringing rest and satisfaction to the soul. But underlying these 
 results, the sole foundation and source of rest and peace, the one vital 
 reality and all-inclusive element of the believing, saved soul's experi- 
 ence here and forever, is the Union or Oneness of Christ and the 
 Believer. This truth of truths is found in many forms of expres- 
 sion, chiefly under the characteristic phrases: In Christ, with Christ. 
 Like Him, Christ in you. etc., and may be summed up, Col. 2: 10. Ye 
 are complete in Him. XL 474. See pp. 67-69. 
 
Flesh and Spirit. 187 
 
 Present Limitations of Christian Experience. 
 
 Partly from imperfect knowledge of God and intermitting fcllozv- 
 ship with Him. i Cor. 13:12. Now we see darkly, know in part. 
 XI. 326. We fail to " set the Lord always before us "' and to '' abide " 
 and " commune with " Him, as we may. Hence the measure of our 
 desire and of His giving is reduced, and we are weakened, discom- 
 forted and unable to do the good and resist the evil, as we would. 
 
 But chiefly are we straitened in spiritual progress and attainment 
 by imperfect obedience and sanciification. The heart may be true, 
 the judgment and conscience in accord with God and His law, and 
 the will set to obedience, because the man is " begotten of God and 
 His seed abideth in him" (i John 3:9), yet so long as the remnants 
 of the old nature still inwardly warring are stimulated and enforced 
 by temptations and tempers without and within, so long the conflict 
 must be carried on by the new nature, and successive conquests of 
 evil and progress in good attained only by the might of Christ and 
 }Iis Spirit exerted in our behalf. 
 
 We emphasize and expand this vitally practical theme under the 
 Head : 
 
 FLESH AND SPIRIT. 
 I. Flesh: 
 
 The entire Unrenewed Man, including mind, heart, will and body. 
 Equivalent Terms: Natural (animal, sensuous) man; Old man (in 
 contrast with New or renewed man) ; Carnal mind, or mind of the 
 flesh. Comprehensively, the man in whom the intellectual aims and 
 pursuits, the emotional and passionate nature, the motives and choices 
 of the will, and the bodily appetites, are all supremely directed and 
 exercised in the exclusive interest and gratification of self, in utter 
 disregard of God, and in disobedience of His Law of righteousness 
 and love. 
 
 John 3 : 6. Born of the flesh is flesh. X. 88. Rom. 8 : 5. They 
 after the flesh mind the things of the flesh. XL 234. Rom. 7: 18. Li 
 my flesh dwelleth no good thing. XL 225-231. i Cor. 2: 14. Natural 
 man receiveth not the things of the Spirit. XL 287. Jude 19, 2^. 
 Sensual, having not the Spirit. XL 710. Eph. 2:3. Doing the de- 
 sires of the flesh and of the mind. XL 419. i John 2: 16. Lust of 
 the flesh, etc. XL 687. 2 Cor. 7: i. Filthiness of the flesh. XL 369. 
 
 Rom. 3:20. No flesh shall be justified. XL 209. Gal. 2:16.. 
 
1 88 Flesh and Spirit. 
 
 Rom. 8:6, 8, 13. Carnally minded is death. If ye live after the 
 flesh ye shall die. XI. 234. Rom. 7:5. In flesh the motions of sin, 
 fruit unto death. Gal. 6:8, 14. Soweth to flesh reap corruption. XI. 
 409, 411. 
 
 Works of the Flesh. Mark 7:21, 22. Evil thoughts, fornications, 
 thefts, murders, adulteries, covetings, wickednesses, deceits, lascivi- 
 ousness, an evil eye, railing, pride, foolishness — all these evil things 
 proceed from within. Gal 5: 19. The works of the flesh are these: 
 Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, idolatry, hatred, 
 variance, wrath, strife, heresies, envyings, murders, drunkenness, 
 revelings, and such like. XI. 406, 408. Col. 3 : 5-7. Titus 3 : 3. 
 
 [The Scriptures make the clearest distinction between body and 
 ficsli, representing the former as the work of God and the temple of 
 the Holy Ghost, but the latter as the perversion of a nature in itself 
 originally good, as the selfish, sinful principle. P. Schaff.'] 
 
 II. Spirit: 
 
 As used in antithesis with flesh, refers to the man renewed by 
 the Holy Spirit, and includes the entire intellectual, emotional and 
 moral nature. Hence the equivalent terms : New Man, New creature 
 or creation. Spiritual and Spiritually minded, or having the mind 
 of the Holy Spirit. 
 
 John 3:6. Born of the Spirit is spirit. X. 88. Rom. 8:1-5. 
 Walk after the Spirit. Mind things of the Spirit. XI. 232-234. Eph. 
 2: 10. Created in Christ Jesus. XI. 421. Eph. 4:24. The new man, 
 created in righteousness and holiness of truth. XI. 432, 3. 2 Cor. 5 : 
 17. In Christ a new creature (creation). XI. 365. Gal. 6: 15. New 
 creature. XI. 413. Gal. 5 : 23, 24. Crucified the flesh. XI. 405-408. 
 Rom. 6:6. Old man is crucified. XI. 224. Col. 3:9, 10. Have put 
 on the new man. XI. 478. Heb. 6:4. Made partakers of the Holy 
 Ghost. 2 Pet. 1 : 4. Partakers of the Divine nature. 
 
 Rom. 8:7. To be spiritually minded (to have the mind of the 
 Spirit) is life and peace. XL 234. Rom. 8: 13. If through the Spirit 
 ye mortify the deeds of the body ye shall live. XI. 235. 
 
 Fruit of the Spirit, 
 
 Gal. 5:22, 2T,. Love, joy, peace, long-suffering, kindness, good- 
 ness, faithfulness, meekness, self-control. XL 407, 8. Under form 
 of command. Col. 3: 12-15. -^ heart of compassion, kindness, humil- 
 ity, meekness, long-suffering, forbearing and forgiving, love and 
 peace. XL 479. i Pet. i : 3-9. XL 645-648. 
 
Flesh and Spirit. 189 
 
 III. Flesh and Spirit: 
 
 The Old (Human) Nature and the New (Divinely inwrought) 
 Nature in life-long conflict. 
 
 Gal. 5:17. The flesh lusteth against the Spirit and the Spirit 
 against the flesh. XI. 407, 8. i Pet. 2:11. Fleshly lusts war against 
 the soul. XI. 654. Rom. 7: 15-25. What I would, I do not, what I 
 hate, that I do. XI. 225-231. Matt. 26:41. Spirit is willing, but the 
 flesh is weak. X. 514. 2 Cor. 7:5. Without fightings, within fears. 
 XI. 371. I Cor. 9:27. I keep under my body. XI. 307. Gal. 6: 14. 
 By the cross the world is crucified to me and I to the world. XI. 409, 
 412, 413.' See V. 165. XI. 478. 
 
 The greatest hindrance to the believer's entire surrender and 
 simple trust is the old self. Only as the natural man is crucified 
 with Christ is the new self, the spiritual man, with all his God-given 
 capacities for devotion and service, set free for a complete surrender 
 to God, and offered " as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God " 
 (Rom. 12:1). And though the old self will continue to exert its 
 hindering force upon the new long as the believer lives, still, under 
 the mastering might of " the. Spirit of life in Christ," it can be so kept 
 in its crucifixion place and under its sentence of death that it shall 
 never again obtain dominion over him. Sadly true it is that from 
 unwatch fulness and from weakness engendered by past habitual self- 
 indulgence, the believer, under an occasional sore temptation " over- 
 taken in a trespass" (Gal. 6:1). is subjected to the temporary con- 
 trol of the old nature. But so soon as the new nature, under the 
 restoring grace of the creative Spirit, penitently retraces its steps, its 
 power is re-established over the soul through the inworking of the 
 restored Christ-life. In view of these vital facts of his daily experi- 
 ence the believer is called, not only to unsleeping trust and conse- 
 cration, but to ceaseless vigilance, prayer and resistant struggle at 
 every point of exposure to old weaknesses and temptations. Above 
 all should his supreme unceasing desire, aim and petition be that 
 Christ should fill the place and exert the control of the expelled self 
 within his whole spiritual being. In the precious assuring words of 
 the inspired apostle, that " Christ may abide in his heart by faith and 
 may be formed within him the hope of glory:" that Christ may be 
 his "life." 
 
 IV. Counsels and Commands. 
 
 I Cor. 6: 15, 20. Glorify God in your body. Rom. 13: 14. Make 
 no provision for the flesh. XI. 263-265. 001.3:5. Mortify (make dead) 
 
I go Flesh and Spirit. 
 
 your members upon the earth. XI. 478. Gal. 5 : 16, 18. Walk by the 
 Spirit and ye shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. XI. 406. Eph. 5 : 
 18. Be filled with the Spirit. XI. 437. If, under the assured help of 
 the Spirit, mind, heart and will are steadfastly engaged in what is 
 pure, right, true and good, all that is wrong, false, impure and evil 
 will be expelled and lose control. Titus 2: 12. Denying worldly lusts, 
 live soberly, etc. XI. 547, 8. i Pet. i : 14. Not according to former 
 lusts. XL 649. I Pet. 4:2. No longer live in the flesh. XI. 662. 
 Eph, 4 : 22, 23. Put away the old man, and put on the new man. XI. 
 432. Mark 2:21. X. 224. Col. 3:5-10. XI. 478. See also XL 409, 
 478, 523. Gal. 6: 14. XI. 409. Ps. 38: 19. IV. 287, 8. Ps. 42: 5. IV. 
 313-315. Ps. 99: V. 165. Ps. 119:25. V. 298. Rom. 8:13. If ye 
 live after the flesh ye must die; but if by the Spirit ye mortify (make 
 to die) the doings of the body, ye shall live. XL 235. 
 
 Mortifying, or making to die, the flesh; that is, determinedly set- 
 ting all the energy of the soul into sharp and persistent resistance to 
 the natural motions of self-will and selfish passion excited and de- 
 veloped under the impulse of temptation; putting forth this deter- 
 mined resistance day by day with the desire and purpose, in reliance 
 upon the Spirit of God, of ultimately crushing the very life of the 
 old self-will and the once dominant " fleshly " and worldly " lusts " 
 — this, and nothing less than this, is our lifelong work and warfare, 
 a toil and conflict lightened and sustained to the end by the assured 
 inworking of God Himself for present deliverance and ultimate vic- 
 tory. This is our " crucifixion with Christ." Thus, through the 
 accompanying Divine renewing energy, we become " dead to sin " 
 and alive to Christ, so that we can say, " I live, yet not I, but Christ 
 liveth in me." 
 
 [If a Christian, you have a double life. There is Christ, with His 
 power, with His Spirit, giving you a nature which is pure and sin- 
 less; incapable of transgression, like His own. The new man, that 
 which is born of God, sinneth not, can not sin. But side by side with 
 it, working through it, working in it, indistinguishable from it to 
 your consciousness by anything but this, that the one works right- 
 eousness and the other works transgression — there is the " old man." 
 " the flesh," " the old Adam," your own godless, independent, selfish, 
 proud being. And the one is to slay the other ! Ah. these words — 
 crucifying, casting out the old man, plucking out the right eye. maim- 
 ing self of the right hand, mortifying the deeds of the body — they 
 are something very much deeper and more awful than symbols and 
 metaphors. They teach us this — there is no growth without sore 
 sorrow. Conflict is the word that defines man's path from darkness 
 
Christian Character. 191 
 
 into light. No holiness is won by any other means than this, that 
 wickedness should be slain day by day and hour by hour. In long, 
 lingering agony often, with the blood of the heart pouring out at every 
 quivering vein, you are to cut right through the life and being of 
 that sinful self; to get rid by crucifying and slaying — a long and 
 painful process — of your own sinful self. A. Maclarcn.] 
 
 CHRISTIAN CHARACTER. 
 
 Character may be defined as both the sum and the product of the 
 mental and moral forces actuating a man's daily living. In other 
 words. Character consists in the aggregate of a man's life-ruling esti- 
 mates, desires, motives, aims and purposes, together with the per- 
 manent effects wrought by these (estimates, etc.) in actual living 
 upon the moral and spiritual nature. These effects may be indicated 
 by a man's expressed moral sentiments, tastes and judgments, by his 
 preferences of persons and books, as well as by his deportment and 
 dealings in the home, and in business and social life. The will and 
 the conscience are the immediately determining factors of the prod- 
 uct we call character, acting upon real experiences and upon recog- 
 nized high ideals. The practical point to be noted is that every man 
 builds his own character and is responsible for the result, o;i one side 
 with the help of God and good men, on the other under the tempta- 
 tion of Satan and evil men. And every man contributes to the build- 
 ing of the character of those with whom he is brought into associa- 
 tion. Further, while the building of character is a life-process, at the 
 end of this life the completed structure, good or evil, abides un- 
 changed forever. 
 
 Christian character may be defined: the sum of the believer's 
 Ruling Estimates., Desires, Aims and Motives respecting God and 
 Duty. Its elements are supreme reverence and love to God, with an 
 ttnquestioning submission and consecration to His will. These simple 
 ■elements interpret the meaning and exhaust the fulfillment of " the 
 first and great commandment. Thou shalt love the Lord thy God w^ith 
 all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind " (Matt. 22: 
 37-39); while they supply the ground and motive for "the second, 
 which is like unto it. Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." X. 
 430, I. These elements of fear and love, of obedience and devotion 
 to God, in actual control of the believer's judgment and heart, con- 
 science and will, constitute the vital roots of Christian character. 
 
192 
 
 Christian Walk. 
 
 And from these spring all fruits in the life demanded by and accept- 
 able to God, and helpful to man. Their substance, too, is infolded in 
 "The Preacher's" summary charge: Eccles. 12:13. Fear God and 
 keep His commandments, for this is the whole of man. See also 
 Deut. 5:29; 10:12; 13:4. Josh. 24:14. I Sam. 12:24. Ps. 1:3. 
 IV. 44, 2d col. Ps. 115: II. Prov. 3:7. 
 
 CHRISTIAN WALK OR CONDUCT. 
 
 This is Christian Character in exercise and development. It is 
 the process of spiritual life carried on by and within the reverent, 
 loving, obedient and consecrated believer. This broad, intensely per- 
 sonal theme is largely treated in both Testaments, (i) in summary 
 statements, and (2) in manifold detailed points of spiritual experi- 
 ence. 
 
 1. Summaries of Christian Living: Micah 6:8. What 
 
 doth the Lord require of thee but to do justly, to love mercy, and to 
 walk humbly with thy God. IX. 483-487. Hosea 12:6. Turn to thy 
 God, keep mercy and judgment, and wait on thy God continually. IX. 
 372. Zeph. 2 : 3. Seek the Lord, seek righteousness, seek meekness. 
 IX. 529. Isa. 64:5. Thou meetest him that rejoiceth and worketh 
 righteousness, those that remember Thee in Thy ways. VHI. 371. 
 Job 22 : 26-29. Delight thyself in God ; make thy prayer unto Him. 
 VI. 129-131. Ps. 15:2-4. Walketh uprightly, worketh righteousness, 
 and speaketh truth in his heart. IV. 113. 114. Ps. 24:4, 5. Clean 
 hands and a pure heart. IV. 189, 190. See also I. 224. 235. Tit. 2: 
 12. Denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly 
 and righteously and godly in this present world. XI. 548. James i : 
 27. Pure religion is, to visit the fatherless and widows, and to keep 
 himself unspotted from the world. XI. 626. 2 Pet. i : 5-8. Adding 
 all diligence, in your faith supply courage, knowledge, self-control, 
 patience, godliness, brotherly kindness, love. XI. 671, 2. Phil. 4:8. 
 Whatsoever things are true, honorable, just, pure, lovely, of good 
 report, think on these things. XI. 463, 4. Jude 20. Building up your- 
 selves on your most holy faith, praying in the Holy Spirit, keep your- 
 selves in the love of God. XI. 710. VII. 289. 
 
 [A little daily reading of the Word; a little fixed, earnest 
 thought; short but frequent and fervent prayer; the Sabbath solemni- 
 ties and the Sabbath leisure, with their larger opportunities for spir- 
 itual culture— these are the things which, being constantly and con- 
 
Christian Walk. 193 
 
 scientiously used, will keep the realities that are unseen before the 
 eye of reason through the clear shining of the light of faith, and at 
 the same time will give to them a calm and steady supremacy over 
 the affections of the heart. This is the life of God in the soul of man, 
 and this is the way by which men may retain and increase it by living 
 habitually near to Gcd. T. Binncy. 
 
 He walks in the presence of God that converses with Him in 
 frequent prayer and communion; that runs to Hun with all his neces- 
 sities; that asks counsel of Him in all his doubtings; that opens all 
 his wants to Him ; that weeps before Him for all his sins ; and that 
 asks remedy and support for his weakness; that fears Him as a Judge, 
 reverences Him as a Lord and obeys Him as a Father. Jcrciiiy 
 Taylor.'] 
 
 2. Particular Injunctions and Suggestions Respecting 
 Christian Living or Walk: 
 
 With God. Gen. 17: i. Walk before Me and be perfect. I. 338. 
 HI. 373. Col. 2 : 6. .'\s ye received Christ, walk in Him, rooted and 
 builded up in Him. XI. 473. i John 2:6. As He walked. XL 686. 
 Rom. 13: 14. Put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ. XL 263, 5. Gal. 3: 
 27. XL 400. Gal. 5: 16, 25. Walk by the Spirit. XL 405, 6, 8. Rom. 
 8: I. Col. i: 10-12. Walk worthy of the Lord. XL 469. i Thes. 2: 
 12. Isa. 2: 5. In the light of the Lord, i Tim. 4: 7. Exercise thyself 
 unto godliness. XL 517. In purity, i Tim. 5:22. Zech. 14:20, 21. 
 IX. 619. In truth or sincerity. 2 John 1:4. 3 John i : 4. XL 703, 5. 
 In love. Eph. 5:1. As cJiildren. XL 435. V. 8. As children of light. 
 436. X. 289, 388. By faith. 2 Cor. 5 : 7. XL 362. With humility, i 
 Pet. 5:5. XL 667. Eph. 2:10. Created in Christ for good works, 
 that we should walk in them. XL 421. Rom. 12: i. A living sacrifice. 
 XL 256, 7. IX. 628. Eph. 4: I. Walk worthily of your calling, with 
 all lowliness and meekness, with longsuffering, forbearing one an- 
 other in love. Eph. 4:16. Grow up in all things into Christ. XI. 
 427, 9. Phil. 1 : 27. Let your manner of life be worthy of the Gospel 
 of Christ. XL 449. Cherish a forgiving, believing and serving 
 spirit. X. 379, 380. Matt. 6:25. Take no thought for your life. [The 
 " taking thought " forbidden by the Master is not foresight or con- 
 sideration of the future. It is anxious fretting. It is anxious fore- 
 thought, and afterthought, too ; for men fret both zvays — for what is 
 past and for what is coming; in every direction; in ways imaginable 
 and unimaginable. Anon.'] Phil. 4:6. In nothing be anxious, but in 
 everything by prayer, etc. 
 
 For Christian Liberty, see Top. An., p. 280. 
 
 13 
 
194 Christian Work. 
 
 CHRISTIAN WORK OR SERVICE. 
 
 Includes all human ministries in the interest of God and His 
 Kingdom, and in man's behalf, as the object of God's love and the 
 subject of His gracious Reign. The obligation to Christian Work 
 and Service has its sole source and finds its single motive in the Law 
 of Holiness and Love, which is eternal in the heart of God. A simple 
 classification of human ministries, therefore, is found in the twofold 
 Summary of that Law as expressed by Christ (referred to p. loi). 
 It includes: (i) Honoring and obeying God by fulfilling the work 
 assigned us in advancing His Kingdom; (2) aiding our fellow-men 
 by every means and method we are able rightly and wisely to employ. 
 In service to God and man every gift received must be fully used. 
 2 Tim. I : 6. XL 529. And in this service we are honored by being 
 "workers together with God." i Cor. 3:9. 2 Cor. 6: i. XL 288, 9, 
 368. Also, Eph. 2:10. Titus 2:14. Created, purified, unto good 
 works. XL 421, 548. 
 
 Serving, or Service, Means Helpfulness to Men, 
 
 in every form and measure of help that is reasonable and needful, 
 and that may prove effective. On the plane of mere human associa- 
 tion in this life, it includes all the particulars comprehended in the 
 last five Commandments to Israel, not only as stated in their negative 
 form, but as carried to their utmost detail of positive spiritual require- 
 ment, and as growing out of the varied relations and associations of 
 men with men. More and higher than this, it takes earnest account 
 of God's relations with man for this world and the next, and seeks 
 instrumentally, in all possible ways, to aid in the conversion and the 
 salvation of souls, as well as to lead the saved soul to like helpful- 
 ness to others. In a word, it comprises all practicable methods of 
 doing good to men. 
 
 James 2:8. XL 628. This service referred to comprehensively 
 and most frequently by the words, "Do good." Ps. 34: 13. IV. 256, 
 7. Ps. 37:3, 2y. IV. 272, 3, 282. Eccles. 3: 12. VI. 460. i. Matt. 5: 
 44. Luke 6:35. X. 154, 5. Gal. 6:9, 10. XL 411. i Tim. 6:18. 
 Titus 3: I. XL 550. Heb. 13: 16. i Pet. 3:11. XL 658. James 4: 
 17. XL 638, 9. Service or Helpfulness by sympathy. Rom. 12:15. 
 Rejoice with . . . weep with. XL 261. Illiis. VII. 187, 191-195. 
 Gal. 5: 13. By love serve one another. XL 406. Gal. 6:2. Bear one 
 another's burdens and so fulfill the law of Christ. XL 410. To father- 
 less, widow, stranger, poor. Ex. 22 : 22-24. H- 503- Lev. 19 : 34. 11. 
 
Christian Service. 195 
 
 504. Deut. 15:7-11. II. 504. Ps. 41: I. IV. 305. To weak, helpless, 
 suffering. Rom. 15:1, 2. Strong ought to bear infirmities of weak. 
 XI. 271. I Cor. 9:22. XI. 307. I Thes. 5:14. Comfort feeble- 
 minded, support the weak. To tempted. Gal. 6: i. A man overtaken 
 in a trespass, restore, etc. XL 409. Comprehensive Injunctions : Isa. 
 58:6-11. Break every yoke, deal bread to the hungry, cover the 
 naked, etc. Then shalt thou call and the Lord answer; shall thy 
 light rise in darkness; the Lord shall guide thee continually and sat- 
 isfy thy soul. VIII. 330-333. Ps. 126. V. 382-385. Prov. 3:27-31. 
 Withhold not good, etc. VI. 258-260. Prov. 24: 11, 12. Deliver, etc. 
 VI. 396, 7. Eccl. 11: 12. Cast bread. VI. 507, 8. i Cor. 15:58. Al- 
 ways abounding in the work of the Lord. XL 341. i Tim. 6: 18. Be 
 rich in good works, ready to distribute, willing to communicate. XL 
 527. Titus 3: I. XL 550. Heb. 13: 16. To communicate forget not, 
 for God is well pleased. XL 616. i Pet. 2: 17. XL 655. Neighborly 
 dealing. Rom. 12: 10. Tenderly affectioned one to another; in honor 
 preferring one another. XL 259. Rom. 13:8. Owe no man anything 
 save love. XL 264. Eph. 4:25. Speak truth with neighbor. XL 433. 
 Illiis. Luke 10:37. X- 324- Acts 9:36. XL 68. Mai. 3:16. Spake 
 often one to another. IX. 646-648. 
 
 True and Acceptable Service, although given directly 
 to men, in its supreme aim and intent is rendered to God. 
 
 His pleasure. His purpose, His work is its ultimate end. Moses 
 rendered an almost immeasurable service to Israel, yet he is always 
 called the " servant of God," and as a servant, commended for his 
 fidelity to God in his long and signal ministry to the chosen people. 
 The Apostles, who preached and wrought and suffered in help of men, 
 called themselves " Servants of Jesus Christ." And this work in 
 behalf of men is the only service which Apostles and believers can 
 render to God. God can help man, but man cannot help God. 
 Though we fulfill all of His demands of service, we are " unprofitable 
 servants" (Luke 17: 10). And yet God condescends to make and call 
 us co-laborers with Him in His ministry of gracious help for man. 
 More than this. He reckons this working together with Him in be- 
 half of men as actual service or help rendered to Him. Col. 3:23. 
 Whatsoever ye do. work heartily, as unto the Lord and not unto men. 
 XL 482. V^. 17. In word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord 
 Jesus, p. 480. V. 23. Ye serve the Lord Christ, i Cor. 10: 31. What- 
 soever ye do, do all to the glory of God. XL 313. i Cor. 15: 58. Al- 
 ways abounding in the work of the Lord. XL 341. Rom. 12: 11. In 
 diligence not slothful, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. XL 259, 
 
196 Christian Service. 
 
 260. Isa. 61 : 3, 6. Trees of righteousness, priests of the Lord, min- 
 isters of our God. VIII. 356-358. Isa. 62:7. VIII. 360. Josh. 24: 
 14, 19. III. 152-155. I Chron. 28:9. III. 489, 490. Matt. 5: 16. May 
 see your good works and glorify Father. X. 147, 8. Phil. 2: 15, 16. 
 XI. 454, 5. Mark 14:6, 8. X. 406. 
 
 Intimations respecting work. Eccles. 9: 10. With thy might. 
 VI. 499-501. John 11:9. Twelve hours. X. 345. VII. 351. Hag. 2: 
 4. Be strong and work, I am with you. IX. 541. Neh. 3: 10, 23, 28. 
 Every one against his house. VII. 538, 9. Neh. 6 : 3. Doing a great 
 work. VII. 552-554. Work assigned and Workmen qualified. Ex. 
 31:1, 2, 6. II. 284-286. The consequence of refusal. Judges 5:23. 
 III. 192. Gal. 6:9. Be not weary in well-doing. XL 411, 503. 
 
 Reward Assured. Ps. 126:6, 7. Sow in tears, reap in joy. V. 
 382-385. Ps. 90: 17. V. 116. X. 199. John 12:26. X. 441. Rom. 2: 
 6. Patient continuance in well-doing, eternal life. V. 10. Glory, 
 honor and peace to every man that worketh good. XL 205, 6. Eph. 
 6:8. Good he doeth, the same shall receive of the Lord. Gal. 6: 10. 
 Shall reap if we faint not. XL 411, 2. 2 Thes. 3: 13. XL 503. Heb. 
 6: 10. God (does) not forget your work of love. XL 576. James i: 
 22, 25. Be doers. A doer that worketh shall be blessed in his doing. 
 XL 625. Zech. 4: 10. IX. 568-570. Col. i : 10. Fruitful in every good 
 work. XL 469. 2 Tim. 2 : 6. The husbandman must first partake of 
 fruits. 2 Cor. 9 : 8. The Pounds. X. 402. The Talents. X. 458. 
 
 Self-Consecration and Self-Sacrifice are further elements 
 of True and Acceptable Service. Rom. 12:1. I beseech you, 
 therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies a 
 living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable 
 service. XL 256. A large detail of this service is given in the entire 
 chapter. [The force of this word therefore transfigures the duty of 
 consecration into an unspeakable privilege. The mercies of God ! 
 These are the pulse of His absolute authority. His law is great and 
 majestic; but His eternal love in the law is greater and more ma- 
 jestic. Behrends.'] 
 
 The Christ-Life furnishes our Model in Serving. That 
 
 Life presents the highest ideal of Self-Consecration and Self-Sacrifice, 
 emphasized by its closing events in Gethsemane and the Judgment 
 Hall, and upon Calvary. Hence in the Prophetic picture of these 
 
Christian Service. 197 
 
 events (Isa. 52 and 53) Christ is characterized as the Servant of 
 Jehovah, fulfilling the Divine purposes of human Redemption as the 
 Suffering Messiah. And Christ Himself affirm, that He " came not 
 to be ministered unto, but to minister (serve) and to give His life 
 as a ransom for many" (Matt. 20:28). All His words and deeds 
 among men abundantly show that His single, unwavering aim and 
 purpose was to serve and to save, to help and to bless men. " I am 
 among you," He said, "as One that serveth " (Luke 22:27). And 
 Peter summed up His earthly career in the words, " He went about 
 doing good" (Acts 10:38). David's life summed up: Acts 13:36. 
 He served his generation according to the will of God. Zeal for 
 God. Vn. 227. 
 
 The Love of Christ to us is the Sole Effective Motive- 
 Force of True and Acceptable Service. The principle is 
 
 stated by Paul : 2 Cor. 4: 14, 15. For the love of Christ constraineth 
 us; because we thus judge, that One died for all, therefore all died; 
 and He died for all, that they which live should no longer live unto 
 themselves, but unto Him, who for their sakes died and rose again. 
 Christ's love, both in His incarnate life and in His death as a sacrifice 
 for us, once appreciated and felt, cannot but fill the trusting, faithful 
 soul with a responsive, grateful love, which, in its turn, is constrained 
 to find relief in service to Him by helpfulness to those for whom He 
 died. 
 
 Natural affection and mere human sympathy may prompt to help- 
 ful action toward others in manifold ways, and such outflow of kind- 
 ness and aid is to be admired as excellent and desirable. But Christ 
 and His Apostles apply a higher test than mere natural excellence in 
 their setting forth of Divinely acceptable service. According to their 
 teachings^ nothing but Christ-love shed abroad as a controlling motive- 
 power in the heart, and a supreme purpose to serve Christ in all 
 ministry to men, can constitute the basis of True and Acceptable 
 Service. " Ye did " or " ye did it not to Me," are the solemn words 
 of judgment, in which the Kingly Judge sets forth this vitally prac- 
 tical fact. And these words find impressive illustration in His inter 
 view with the young ruler, whose human excellences were many and 
 exemplary, but who could not stand the high spiritual test applied by 
 the Master. Paul, too, speaks conclusively upon this point in the 
 wonderful 13th chapter of ist Corinthians. "H I bestow all my 
 goods to feed the poor, but have not love, it profiteth me nothing." 
 Col. 3: 17. Whatsoever ye do, in word or deed, do all in the name 
 of the Lord Jesus. XL 480. i Cor. 6:20. XL 296, 298. Read note 
 
198 Christian Service. 
 
 XI. 685. Matt. 5: 16. X. 147. Phil. 2: 15, 16. XI. 454. John 15:5. 
 He that abideth in Me, and I in him, the same beareth much fruit. 
 X. 490. 
 
 Service Alone, Helpful Service to All, in Imitation 
 and in the Spirit of the Master, Presents the Chief Mean- 
 ing of this Life, as it Affords the Highest, most En- 
 nobling, and most Satisfactory Methods of Action. Our 
 
 true, inner hfe is mainly made up of interested work in behalf of 
 others. Its most desirable returns, especially its unqualified and 
 perpetuated joys, come from " doing good," under the conscious 
 impress of the indwelling Spirit of Christ. And these returns are 
 open to all whatever be the measure of knowledge or ability. The 
 Divine vocation to true, acceptable service rests upon every be- 
 liever. [Every man and woman is called to do that which he or 
 she is fitted to do. In this sphere, at least, obligation is deter- 
 mined and measured by ability. What Christians need to learn is 
 that they are the stewards of God and the servants of Jesus Christ. 
 They are sure to find their places and their work when they are 
 simply anxious to serve the Lord Jesus Christ. To do our very best, 
 and do it to please Him who loved us and gave Himself for us, we 
 are all ordained by the laying on of the palms that were pierced for 
 our salvation. Behrcnds. 
 
 Every individual Christian is the center of a circle whose hearts 
 he may touch with a benediction of love. He is a custodian of bless- 
 ing which he is to impart to others. The noblest life is the one that 
 is given up most unselfishly to serving. /. R. Miller.'] 
 
 Serving a Higher Form of Greatness than Ruling. 
 
 True greatness, according to the teaching of Christ, consists not in 
 the possession of riches, rank, or power, nor in mighty conquests, 
 with their high state and wide dominion, but in serving with lowly, 
 helpful spirit. It is tested and proved by Christlike character and 
 deeds of goodness, done with an unselfish spirit. Matt. 20: 26, 27. 
 Whosoever will be great among you, let him be your minister; and 
 whosoever will be chief, let him be your servant. X. 396. Luke 9: 
 46-48. X. 290. Matt. 23: II. He that is greatest among you shall be 
 your servant. Jer. 45 : 5. Seek not great things for thyself. VIIL 
 409, 410. 
 
 As Service Honors God, so God Honors and Rewards 
 
 all who Faithfully Serve, i Sam. 2:30. Them that honor Me, 
 I will honor. John 12: 26. If any man serve Me, let him follow Me; 
 
Soul-Winning. The Wider Commission. 199 
 
 if any man serve Me, him will My Father honor. Rom. 2 : 6, 7. God 
 will render to every man according to his works ; to them that by 
 patience in well-doing seek for glory and honor and incorruption, 
 eternal life. XI. 205. Rev. 2: 19 (Christ to the Church in Thyatira). 
 I know thy works, and thy love, and faith, and service, and patience. 
 Luke 12:37, 43- See XI. 322. (A. M.). 
 
 Chief and Highest Form of Personal Service is found in 
 
 ' . SOUL-WINNING. 
 
 In the rendering of service or help to men, the Master is the per- 
 fect Exemplar for His followers. His whole earthly ministry con- 
 sisted in helpfulness in every needful form of service; to the diseased 
 or broken body in healing and restoring, to the stricken heart in 
 sympathy, comfort and rest, to the ignorant, darkened mind in im- 
 parting truths respecting personal and social elevation and well- 
 being, and especially in revealing and unfolding the knowledge of 
 God, the obligations and sanctions of Law, the facts of sin and con- 
 demnation and the way of the sinner's return to God to be received 
 again to childship and fellowship with Him. "I am among you," 
 He said, " as One that serveth." But the one ultimate highest ser- 
 vice, to which all other help was tributary, that which He ever held 
 in view, for which He came to earth, to which He offered Himself 
 a voluntary sacrifice, was "to seek and to save the lost." to give 
 eternal life to the spiritually " dead in sins." So, too, for all the 
 immediate ends of man's personal, family and social elevation and 
 well-being, according to the measure of ability, opportunity and 
 grace given him, the believer is appointed to service. But to him 
 also the highest exercise of Christian service is found in heartfelt, 
 generous, self-sacrificing and persistent efforts to save imperilled 
 souls. 
 
 The Wider Commission of the Ascended Christ. 
 
 One brief sentence at the end of the Bible, Rev. 22: 17, 
 far exceeds while it sums up the meaning of all others touch- 
 ing this high service. It is the very disclosure and command 
 of the enthroned Christ. It is alike explicit and comprehen- 
 sive. It is addressed to every believer, and rests upon every 
 
200 The Wider Commission. 
 
 one as a life-long obligation. More specific and individual 
 in its address and its terms than the " Great Commission " to 
 the Church and Ministry uttered at Christ's Ascension, it 
 may be fitly characterized as the Wider Commission to each 
 member of the vast body of Christ's disciples. Hence its vital 
 significance demands profound consideration, and its im- 
 perious obligation calls for increasing obedience. Full em- 
 phasis should be given to its every word: "HE THAT 
 HEARETH, LET HIM SAY, COME!" 
 
 And the Call or Message itself is expanded in the words 
 that follow, words which sum up and conclude the entire 
 Revelation from Heaven, of which the Christ of God, the 
 Speaker here, is the sole Revealer : " HE THAT IS 
 ATHIRST, LET HIM COME; HE THAT WILL, LET 
 HIM TAKE THE WATER OF LIFE FREELY! " And 
 this single, life-bringing Message from the heart of a loving. 
 Redeeming God, every Christian believer on earth is charged, 
 as Christ's ambassador, to utter to every soul within reach 
 of hand and voice, with fervent heart-intercession. 
 
 The passages in both Testaments which relate to and emphasize 
 the faithful execution of this high commission and Divinely assigned 
 trust are few, but plain and impressive. Isa. 43: 10. Ye are My wit- 
 nesses. VIII. 226. Prov. 11:30. He that winneth souls is wise. VL 
 307. VII. 181. Dan. 12:3. They that turn many to righteousness 
 shall shine as the stars forever and ever. IX. 324. James 5 : 20. He 
 which converteth a sinner (leadeth him to turn) from the error of 
 his way shall save a soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of 
 sins. XI. 643. Matt. 5 : 16. Let your light shine before men, that 
 they may see your good works, and glorify your Father which is in 
 heaven. Phil. 2: 15. Ye shine as lights in the world, holding forth 
 the word of life. 2 Cor. 3:3. Ye are an epistle of Christ, written 
 with the Spirit of the living God. in tables that are hearts of flesh. 
 
 And these passages are confirmed and find large illustration in 
 the urgent and tender utterances of Psalmists, Prophets and Apostles. 
 Ps. 34:8. Oh, taste and see that the Lord is good. IV. 253. Ps. 66' 
 16. Come and hear, and I will declare what He hath done for my 
 soul. IV. 444, 445. Personal longing expressed by Moses. Ex. 32 : 32. 
 Paul, Rom. 10: i. The spirit of the soul-seekers, Heb. 13: 17. They 
 
Watch- Words of Counsel. 201 
 
 watch for your souls as they that shall give account. See also John 
 1 : 41, 45. Andrew bringing Peter, and Philip bringing Nathanael, to 
 Christ. 
 
 Note. — For a large treatment of Missions, in fulfilment of the " Great 
 Commission" to the Church and Ministry, we refer to Top. An., pp. 316- 
 325- 
 
 We conclude this extended treatment of the Christian Life, 
 in its inception, progress, and conditions of Conduct and Service, 
 with a brief series of practical suggestions under the Heading : 
 
 WATCH-WORDS OF COUNSEL AND PROMISE, FOR 
 DAILY HELP IN CHRISTIAN LIVING. 
 
 Fcllozuship with God. i John i : 3. Our fellowship is with the 
 Father and with His Son Jesus Christ. XL 682. i Chron. 28:9, 10. 
 Know God and serve Him with willing rt^ind. III. 481, 489, 490. Ps. 
 105:4. Seek the Lord, seek His face evermore. V. 207. Ps. 16:8. 
 Set the Lord always before me. IV. 120. Ps. 27:8. Thy face, Lord, 
 will I seek. IV. 207. John 15:4. Abide in Me, and I in you. X. 490. 
 Jude 21. Keep yourselves in the love of God. Heb. 12:2. Looking 
 unto Jesus. XL 604. VIII. 43. 2 Tim. i : 12-14. Guard that good 
 thing committed to thee through the Holy Ghost who dwelleth in us. 
 XL 531. Eph. 4:30. Grieve not the Holy Spirit of God. ]^I. 434. i 
 Thes. 5 : 19. Quench not the Spirit. XL 496. Phil. 2 : 5. Have this 
 mind in you which was in Christ. XL 451. 2 Cor. 10:5. Bringing 
 every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ. Ps. 19: 14. 
 Meditation of my heart be acceptable in Thy sight. Ps. 27: 14. Wait 
 on the Lord. IV. 211. Ps. 37:5-7. Wait patiently for God. VI. 274- 
 278. Ps. 62: I, 5-8. Wait only upon God. Pour out your heart be- 
 fore Him. IV. 416-420. 
 
 Follozv right'and truth. Isa. 56: i, 2. VIII. 315. Ezek. 18: 5. Do 
 that which is right. IX. 83. 2 Tim. 2:22. Follow after righteous- 
 ness, faith, love, peace. XL 535. Zech. 8: 19. Love truth and peace. 
 IX. 585. Eph. 4: 15, 25. XL 429, 433. I Thes. 5: 15. Ever follow- 
 after that which is good. Phil. 3 : 13, 14- Press toward the goal unto 
 the prize. 
 
 Be strong, i Cor. 16:13. Stand fast, be strong. Eph. 6:10. Be 
 strong in the Lord. XI. 442. 2 Tim. 2:1. Be strong in the grace 
 that is in Christ Jesus. Josh, i : 6, 9, 18. III. 38, 41. 48. Judges 8 : 4- 
 III. 220, 407. Prov. 16:32. VI. 343. Isa. 40:29. He increaseth 
 
202 Watch- Words of Counsel and Promise. 
 
 strength. VIII. 211. Phil. 4: 13. Christ strengtheneth me. XL 4G5. 
 2 Tim. 1:7. God has given us power. XL 529. Eph. 6: 11. Put on 
 the whole armor of God. Ps. 31 : 24. IV. 236. 
 
 Keep thyself. Deut. 4:9. Take heed to thyself and keep thy soul 
 diligently. Prov. 4:23. Keep thy heart with all diligence. VI. 269- 
 271. Acts 16:28. Do thyself no harm. XL 116. i Cor. 10: 12. Take 
 heed lest he fall. XL 309. Matt. 26:41. Watch and pray that ye 
 enter not into temptation. X. 513. i Tim. 4: 16. Take heed to thy- 
 self. XL 519. Ps. 34: 13. Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips 
 from speaking guile. IV. 255. Avoid bad company and ways. Prov. 
 1:10-19. VI. 237. Prov. 4:14, 15. VI. 262-266. Prov. 13:20. VI. 
 315, 6. Phil. 4:8. XL 463, 464- 
 
 Look for guidance. Prov. 3 : 5, 6. Lean not upon thine own under- 
 standing. In all thy ways acknowledge Him. VL 249-281. Prov. 
 16:3. Commit thy works unto the Lord. VI. 337. Jer. 6:16. Ask 
 for old paths, the good way, and walk therein. VIII. 427-429. James 
 1:5, 6. Ask wisdom, in faith. XL 620. III. 514, 5. Job 23:10. He 
 knoweth the way that I take. VI. 134, 5. Rom. 8:28. All things 
 work together for good. XL 240, i. "Teach Thou me." Ps. 24:4, 
 5. IV. 194. Ps. 2y: II. IV. 210. Ps. 143: 10. V. 465. VI. 181. 
 
 Seek — Seek not. Amos 5:14, 15. Seek good and not evil that 
 you may live. IX. 419. Matt. 6:33. Seek first His kingdom and His 
 righteousness, and all things (needful) shall be added unto you. X. 
 163. Col. 3:1,2. Seek, set your mind upon the things that are above. 
 XL 477. Matt. 6: 19, 20. Lay not up treasures on earth, but in 
 heaven. X. 161. John 6: 27. Labor not for meat which perisheth, 
 but for the meat which abideth unto eternal life. X. 250, i. Jer. 45: 
 5. Seek not great things for thyself. VII. 409, 410. Heb. 13:5. Be 
 content with such things as ye have, for He hath said, I will in no 
 wise fail thee. XL 614. Phil. 4 : 19. God shall fulfill every need of 
 yours. XL 465. 
 
 Walk worthily. Eph. 4:1. 2, 32. Walk worthily of your calling, 
 with all lowliness and meekness, with longsufifering, forbearing one 
 another in love. Phil, i : 27. Let your manner of life (as citizens) 
 be worthy of the gospel of Christ. XL 449. Rom. 12: i, 2, 3. Present 
 (your whole selves) a living sacrifice. Be not conformed to this 
 world. Think soberly (of yourself) according (to the measure of 
 God-given) faith. XL 256-258. Prov. 3:9. Honor the Lord with 
 thy substance, and with the first-fruits of all thine increase. VI. 252- 
 254. Matt. 5 : 16. So let your light shine. 
 
 Dealing zvith others. Matt. 7:12. All things whatsoever ye 
 would that men should do unto you, even so do ye also unto them. 
 
Watch- Words of Counsel. 203 
 
 X. 166. Eccl. 9:7-10. VI. 497-501. Eccles. 11 :i, 2, 6. Cast bread 
 upon the waters. In the morning sow, and in the evening. VI. 507- 
 510. Isa. 32:20. Sow beside all waters. VIII. 160. Ps. 126:5, '^■ 
 Shall come again rejoicing. V. 382-385. Hosea 10: 12. Sow in right- 
 eousness, reap according to mercy. IX. 365. Matt. 7:1, 2. Judge 
 not (needless, unjust or uncharitable judgments). X. 165. Gal. 6:2. 
 Bear one another's burdens. XI. 410. Zech. 7:9, 10. Show compas- 
 sion, oppress not, imagine no evil in your heart. IX. 581, 2. Ps. 41 : 
 I. IV. 305. Eph. 4:32. Be kind one to another, tender-hearted, for- 
 giving each other, as God in Christ forgave you. XL 434. Phil. 2 : 
 2-4. Doing nothing through faction, or vainglory, in lowliness of 
 mind counting each other better than himself, not looking each to 
 his own things (alone), but each to things of others. XI. 450. V. 14. 
 Without murmurings and disputings. Rom. 14:13-16, 19, 21. Xo 
 stumbling-block in another's way. XL 269. Rom. 15:1, 2. Strong 
 ought to bear the infirmities of the weak. XL 271, 2. i Cor. 8: 9-13. 
 XL 304. Rom. 12:21. Overcome evil with good. XL 262. 
 
 Scripture study. John 5:39. Search the Scriptures. X. 133. i 
 Tim. 4: 13, 15. Give heed to reading. XL 518. Ps. 119. 
 
 Ever bear in mind the supreme Motive Power of the Christian 
 Life: 2 Cor. 5: 14. The love of Christ constraineth ns; He died that 
 they which live should no longer live unto themselves, but unto Him, 
 who for their sakes died and rose "again. XL 364. 
 
 Natural Fruits of a Divinely inwrought Christian Life. Ex- 
 pressed in the form of direct practical counsels. 
 
 1. Set the Lord Christ always before you, and keep continual 
 thought-communion with Him. 
 
 2. Never intermit reverent, studious and prayerful thought upon 
 some truth of the Word of Christ. 
 
 3. Keep your soul attent to hear the indwelling Holy Spirit, and 
 ask and look for His constant inworking. 
 
 4. Forget all g.ain or advance already made, and ever press for- 
 ward toward the goal unto the prize. 
 
 5. Take no account of frames or feelings, but ever exercise and 
 magnify faith by fulfilling its appropriate works, and holding fast to 
 the conviction that God will meet your every need, and recompense 
 your toil for Him. 
 
 6. Watch, pray and struggle against Temptation and the Tempter. 
 And believe that God can and. if rightly sought and leaned upon, 
 will deliver from known sin and infirmity, however long and strong 
 the hold it has gotten through weak or willful indulgence. 
 
2 04 Christian Graces — Hope. 
 
 CHRISTIAN GRACES, THE DIRECT GIFTS OF THE 
 INDWELLING GODHEAD, AS INCITEMENTS 
 AND HELPS TO CHRISTIAN LIVING. 
 
 FAITH. Already considered from the human side as the con- 
 dition of regeneration and restored childship. See pages 78-88. A 
 Grace from the Divine side. Passages showing the co-operation of 
 the Spirit of God in help of man's own act of faith, as in every other 
 spiritual act: Gal. 5:22. Fruit of Spirit, faith. Heb. 12:1. Christ 
 the author and perfecter of faith. Phil, i : 29. To you it is given 
 . . . to believe. Every influence and help God will give to prompt 
 and secure faith except to create it. 
 
 HOPE, EXPECTATION, LOOKING FOR. 
 God its Source and Giver, by Grace. Ps. 42, 43. IV. 
 
 310-322. Ps. 71 : 5. Thou art my hope, O Loi'd God. IV. 475. Ps. 
 39:7. My hope is in Thee. IV. 293. Ps. 146:5. Whose hope is in 
 the Lord. V. 480. Ps. 147: 11. Hope in His mercy. V. 488. i Tim. 
 I : I. Lord Jesus Christ our hope. 2 Thes. 2: 17. Good hope through 
 grace. XI. 503. Ps. 119: 114. I hope in Thy word. V. 337. 
 
 Allied with Faith, Love, Patience, Joy and Peace. 
 
 I Cor.13: 13. Abideth faith, hope, love. XL 327. Rom. 15: 13. Now the 
 God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may 
 abound in hope. XI. 273. i Pet. i : 3, 21. Faith and hope in God. 
 XI. 645, 650. Rom. 5:4. Patience worketh experience (evidence 
 by testing) and experience hope. XI. 215, 6. Rom. 15:4. Through 
 patience we might have hope. XI. 272. Hoping and waiting are in- 
 terchangeably used in the Psalms. Ps. 130:5. I wait, I hope. V. 
 402, 3. Rom. 8:25. If hope, then with patience wait. 
 
 Helmet of Believer's Panoply, i Thes. 5 : 8. For an hel- 
 met the hope of salvation. XI. 495. 
 
 Fruits or Effects. Rom. 5 : 5. Maketh not ashamed, i John 
 3: 3. That hath hope set on Christ, purifieth himself as Christ is pure. 
 XL 691. Heb. 6 : i8, 19. An anchor of the soul, both sure and steadfast. 
 XL 578. Jer. 17:7. Blessed the man whose hope the Lord is. VIII. 
 
Christian Graces — Hope. 205 
 
 477. Rom. 12:12. Rejoicing in hope. XI. 261. Lam. 3:26. Good 
 that a man hope and quietly wait. VIII. 606, 7. I Hits. IV. 361. 
 
 Its Sublime and Blessed End. Rom. 8 : 24. Saved by hope. 
 XL 238. Col. 1:27. Christ in you, the hope of glory. XL 471. Col. 
 I : 5. Hope laid up for you in the heavens, i Pet. i : 3, 4. A living 
 hope by resurrection of Christ unto an inheritance reserved in 
 heaven. XL 645. 
 
 [Our hope is not the glory of heaven, not joy, not peace, not 
 fullness of our wishes nor sweet contentment of the whole soul, nor 
 understanding of all knowledge ; it is " Christ our God," " the hope 
 of glory." Nothing which God could create is what we hope for; 
 nothing which God could give us out of Himself, no created glory, 
 or bliss, or beauty, or majesty, or riches. What we hope for is our 
 Redeeming God Himself, His love, His bliss, the joy of our Lord 
 Himself, who hath so loved us, to be our joy and our portion for- 
 ever. Pusey.} 
 
 The Believer Encouraged and Urged to Hope. Ps. 42 : 
 
 5, II. Hope thou in God. IV. 313, 317, 332. Ps. 130:5. 8. V. 403. 
 Zech. 9:12. IX. 591. I Pet. 1:13. Hope to the end for (set your 
 hope perfectly on) the grace to be brought to you at the revelation 
 of Jesus Christ. XL 649. Heb. 6:11. Show diligence unto the full- 
 ness of hope even to the end. XL 573, 576. Rom. 15: 13, The God 
 of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that ye may 
 abound in hope. XL 273. i Pet. 3: 15. Give answer to every man 
 that asketh you a reason for the hope that is in you. 
 
 [The journey may weary us, but it is comforting to know that 
 home is real and not far away. We shall overtake those who have 
 gone on, we shall be overtaken by those who follow. The same 
 threshold waits to welcome us all. " All things are working together 
 for good." They who once hoped were not disappointed: they who 
 now hope will not be. This is the constant undertone of Scripture: 
 this the concurrent and swelling testimony of the " great cloud 
 of witnesses " who " have come up out of great tribulation " in the 
 old days of Paul and the older days of Abraham. From the first 
 page to the last, one uniform appeal comes to each of us, saying 
 persistently : " Hope thou in God." Bchrcnds.'] 
 
2o6 Christian Graces — Love. 
 
 LOVE, TO GOD AND MAN. 
 
 Deut. 6:5. Thou shall love the Lord thy God, etc. II. 207-214. 
 X. 429-431. 
 
 Love to God is a heart and life controlling affection toward 
 God, responsive and like in kind to His love toward us. As such 
 controlling force over heart and life, it forgets, denies, sacrifices 
 self whenever and wherever needful for the fulfilling of God's will, 
 and the doing of service to Him in helping His creatures. 
 
 Source and Constraining Force of Man's Love to God. 
 
 This is the Divinely implanted conviction of God's love, as that love 
 is manifested in Christ's sacrifice. It is a fruit or efifect of the Holy 
 Spirit's efficient impression upon man's heart of the infinite and 
 eternal love of God toward men. Rom. 5:5. The love of God (to 
 sinful men) is shed abroad in your hearts by the Holy Spirit. Gal. 
 5:22. Fruit of the Spirit is love. 2 Thes. 3: 5. The Lord direct your 
 hearts into the love of God (that this love may be habitually realized 
 in its constraining force), i John 4: 19. We love, because He first 
 loved us. XL 698. So the Psalmist, 116: i. I love the Lord because 
 He hath heard my voice and my supplications. V. 264, 265. 
 
 [Love is the greatest thing that God can give us, for Himself is 
 love, and it is the greatest thing we can give to God, for it will also 
 give ourselves, and carry with it all that is ours. The apostle calls 
 it the bond of perfection. It is the old and it is the new and it is 
 the greater commandment, and it is all the commandments; for it is 
 the fulfilling of the law. It does the work of all other graces with- 
 out any instrument but its own immediate virtue. For as the love to 
 sin makes a man sin against all his own reason and all the discourses 
 of wisdom and all the advices of his friends, and without temptation 
 and without opportunity, so does the love of God make a man chaste 
 without the laborious arts of fasting and exterior discipline, temperate 
 in the midst of feasts, and is active enough to choose it without any 
 intermedial appetites, and reaches at glory through the very heat of 
 grace, without any other arms but those of love. It is a grace that 
 loves God for Himself, and our neighbors for God. The considera- 
 tion of God's goodness and bounty, the experience of those profitable 
 and excellent emanations from Him may be, and most commonly are, 
 the first motive of our love ; but when we are once entered and have 
 tasted the goodness of God, we love the spring for its own excellency, 
 passing from passion to reason, from thanking to adoring, from sense 
 
Christian Graces — Love. 207 
 
 to spirit, from considering ourselves to a union with God. And this 
 is the image and little representation of heaven; it is beatitude in 
 picture, or rather the infancy and beginnings of glory. Jeremy 
 Taylor.} 
 
 Effects and Evidences of Man's Love as transformed 
 
 and made efficient by the Divinely fixed conviction of God's love. 
 Desires to make requital. Ps. 116: 12. V. 267. Ps. 103: i, 2. V. 179, 
 180. Brings strength. Song 8:6. Love is strong as death. Many 
 waters cannot quench love. VI. 572. Casteth out fear, i John 4: 18. 
 XI. 697. Evidence of regeneration, i John 4:7. Love is of God, and 
 every one that loveth is begotten of God and knoweth God. Con- 
 strains to a life of consecration to Christ. 2 Cor. 5: 14-16. Ensures 
 God's care and keeping. Rom. 8 : 28. We know that to them that love 
 God all things work together for good. They that are " rooted and 
 grounded in love (the love of Christ controlling their hearts) know 
 the love of Christ which passeth knowledge " and are " filled with all 
 the fullness of God." Eph. 3:17-19. John 14:23. Jesus said. If a 
 man love Me, he will keep My word ; and My Father will love him, 
 and We will come unto him, and make Our abode with him. 
 
 Love to Fellow-Man. 
 
 Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. Lev. 19: 18. II. 214-216. 
 Prov. 3:27, 28. VI. 258, 9. Rom. 13:8, 9. XI. 264. Gal. 5: 14. XI. 
 406. James 2 : 8. XI. 628. As we have often learned, this love of 
 man to men is a vital part and result of His supreme love to God. 
 I John 4: 20, 21. He that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, 
 cannot love God whom he hath not seen. And this commandment 
 have we from Him, that he who loveth God love his brother also. XI. 
 698. John 15:12. This is My commandment, that ye love one an- 
 other. Matt. 5:4. Love your enemies, i Thes. 4:9. XI. 491. i 
 Pet. 1 : 22. XT. 65L. Gal. 6:2. XL 410. 
 
 Love to men as brethren the condition as well as evidence 
 of the new spiritual life. This is strongly and variously staleil 
 by John, i John 3:10. 14. Whosoever doeth not righteousness is 
 not of God. neither he that loveth not his brother. We know that 
 we have passed out of death into life, because w^e love the brethren. 
 XI. 692. I John 4:7, 12. He that loveth is begotten of God. If we 
 love one another, God abideth in us, and His love is perfected in us. 
 XI. 695. I John 2 : 10. He that loveth his brother abideth in the 
 light. 
 
2o8 Christian Graces — Love. Joy. 
 
 The motive and measure of required love one to another. 
 John 15:12, 9. Love one another as I have loved you. As the 
 Father hath loved Me, so have I loved you. i John 4:11. Beloved, 
 if God so loved us, w^e also ought to love one another. XI. 696. Eph. 
 5:2. Walk in love, even as Christ also loved you. i Thes. 3:12. 
 Increase and abound in love one toward another, and toward all 
 
 Characteristic Spirit, Methods and Effects of Love to Men. 
 
 Chief passage abounding in points and calling for exhaustive study : 
 I Cor. 13:4-8. Love suffereth long and is kind; envieth not; vaunt- 
 eth not itself; is not puffed up; seeketh not its own; is not provoked; 
 taketh not account of evil; rejoiceth with the truth; beareth (cover- 
 eth) all things; believeth all things; hopeth all things; endureth all 
 things. Love never faileth. XL 323-325. i Cor. 8: i. Love buildeth 
 up. Rom. 13:8, II. Love worketh no ill to his neighbor; love there- 
 fore is the fulfillment of the law. XI. 297. Prov. 10: 12. Love cov- 
 ereth transgression. Prov. 17:9. He that covereth transgression, seek- 
 eth love. Jas. 5 : 20. i Pet. 4 : 48. Love covereth a multitude of sins. 
 Special injunctions bearing upon the above points: Eph. 4:2, 15. 
 Forbearing one another in Iovp. Speaking truth in love. Eph. 5 : 
 13. By love serve one another. Heb. 10:24. Consider one another 
 to provoke unto love and to good works. Forgiveness. Prov. 19: 11. 
 VI. 359. 20 : 22. VI. 366. 
 
 Thus it appears that brotherly love, which has its source and 
 vital impulse in supreme love to Christ, includes the thinking, feeling 
 and acting kindly, considerately and helpfully to all whom we touch 
 in life, according to the measure of our ability. It is summed up 
 in fellowshiping with men in order to serve them, as Christ lived and 
 acted among them. Further it appears that the essence and test of 
 genuine philanthropy is found, not in any merely natural sympathy 
 and kindliness of heart, but in the soul-controlling force of a supreme 
 love to God, which alone prompts and produces a spirit of unselfish 
 self-sacrifice for others. [Truth and love are two of the most power- 
 ful things in the world, and together cannot easily be withstood. 
 Cudworth.'] 
 
 JOY. 
 
 Throughout the Scriptures disclosed as the effect of trustful 
 obedience, and the accompaniment of grateful recognition of Divine 
 goodness and mercy. Joy was a prominent element in all the ap- 
 
Christian Graces — Joy. 209 
 
 pointed Feasts of Israel. These were expressly designed as Festi- 
 vals of Praise, Thanksgiving and Gladness. Indeed, Praise and Joy 
 together constitute the burden of many Psalms, the spirit of every 
 Song, the key-note of saintly expression and experience in the entire 
 O. T. history. And the same design of God, in the production of 
 grateful joy as the result of obedient trust, appears in repeated 
 words of Christ and the N. T. writers. A few texts only can be 
 noted : 
 
 Old Testament: Deut. 16: 11. Thou shalt rejoice before the 
 Lord thy God. II. 411, 2. Lev. 23:40. II. 421. Deut. 12:18. Re- 
 joice in -all that thou puttest thy hand unto. II. 662. Deut. 26: 11. 
 Rejoice in all the good which the Lord hath given thee and thy house. 
 II. 675. Ps. 5:11. Those that trust rejoice. IV. 67. Ps. 37:4. De- 
 light thyself in the Lord, and He shall give thee the desires of thy 
 heart. IV. 274. Ps. 97:12. Rejoice in the Lord and give thanks. 
 V. 159. Ps. 118:15. Voice of rejoicing. V. 284. Ps. 149: 2. .Re- 
 joice and be joyful. V. 497. Isa. 12:3. With joy shall ye draw. 
 VIII. 83. Isa. 41:16. VIII. 216. Neh. 8:10. Joy of the Lord is 
 your strength. VII. 563-565. Hab. 3:18. Yet I will rejoice. IX. 
 521, 2. Ps. 32:11. Be glad, rejoice, be joyful. IV. 245, 246. Ps. 
 13:5. IV. 104. Ps. 21:6. IV. 167. Ps. 33:1. IV. 247. Ps. 43:4. 
 IV. 391. Ps. 104:34. V. 202. Ps. 119: III. V. 334. Eccl. 11:9. VI. 
 511. Isa. 12:3. VIII. 83. 
 
 New Testament: John 15:11. That your joy might be full. 
 X. 491. John 16:22, 2*4. Your joy no man taketh from you. Ask 
 and receive that your joy be full. X. 502. John 17: 13. My joy ful- 
 filled in them, i John i : 4. These things we write that your joy 
 may be full. Rom. 5:11. We joy in God, through our Lord Jesus 
 Christ. XI. 218. Phil. 4:4. Rejoice in the Lord alway, again (third 
 time) I say. Rejoice. XL 462. i Thes. 5:16. Rejoice evermore. 
 XL 495. I Tim. 6: 17. Who giveth us richly all things to enjoy. 
 XL 526, 7. Christ's word, " Be of good cheer." Matt. 9 : 2. Matt. 
 14:27. His last word. John 16:23. 
 
 Hints as to present enjoyment. Prov. 15:15. Cheerful 
 countenance. Cheerful heart. VI. 332. Prov. 17:22. VI. 348. Ec- 
 cles. 5:18. 19. VI. 474. Eccles. 7:14. VI. 485. Eccles. 8:15. VI. 
 494. Eccles. 9:7. VI. 497 8. Eccles. 11:9. VI. 511, 2. 
 
 Alliances of Joy : Righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy 
 Ghost, as elements of the indwelling kingdom of God. Rom. 14: 17. 
 
 14 
 
2IO Christian Graces — Joy. Peace. 
 
 XI. 269. Hope, peace, and faith. Rom. 15:13. The God of hope 
 fill you with all joy and peace in believing. XL 273. Love, peace, 
 longsuffering, kindness, goodness, meekness, self-control. Gal. 5 : 22. 
 XL 407. Hope, faith, and love, the conditions of joy. i Pet. i : 8. 
 XL 647. Doing Good. Eccles. 3: 12. Rejoice and do good. VL 460, 
 461. 
 
 Fullness of Joy, a Final and Abiding Experience. Ps. 16: 
 
 II. In Thy presence is fullness of joy, pleasures for evermore. IV. 
 122-125. Ps. 17:15. Satisfied, when I aw^ake, with Thy likeness. 
 IV. 129-133. Jude 24. Faultless before the presence of His glory in 
 exceeding joy. XL 711. 
 
 PEACE. 
 From God. 
 
 Rom. 15:33. 2 Cor. 13:11. Heb. 13:20, etc. The God of 
 Peace. Num. 6:26. The Lord give thee peace. II. 334. Ps. 29: 11. 
 Will bless His people with peace. IV. 218-220. Ps. 85 : 8. Will speak 
 peace. V. 76. 2 Thes. 3: 16. The Lord of peace give you peace. XL 
 504. Gal. 5 : 22. Fruit of the Spirit is peace. XL 407. Covenant of 
 Peace. Isa. 54: 10. 
 
 [His people may sometimes want peace, when without are fight- 
 ings and within are fears; but sooner or later, God will speak peace 
 to them ; if He do not command outward peace, yet He will suggest 
 inward peace; speaking that to their hearts by His Spirit which He 
 has spoken to their ears by His Word and ministers, and making 
 them to hear joy and gladness. Henry.'] 
 
 Christ our Peace, and Giver of Peace. 
 
 Luke 2:14. On earth peace. Isa. 53:5. Our peace on Him. 
 VIII. 281. Micah 5:5. This man shall be peace. IX. 435. Eph. 2: 
 14, 15. He is our peace. XL 422. John 14:27. Peace I leave. My 
 peace I give. X. 487. John 16:33. In Me, peace. X. 503. 
 
 Sources and Conditions of Peace: 
 
 Trust. Isa. 26:3. Thou wilt keep in perfect peace, because he 
 trusteth in thee. VIII. 123. Rom. 15: 13. Fill with peace in believ- 
 ing. XL 273. Being justified. Rom. 5: i. We have peace. XL 215. 
 Love of the Word. Ps. 119: 165. Great peace who love Thy law. V. 
 354. Following paths of Wisdom. Prov. 3: 17. Her paths are peace. 
 Rightness of life. Isa. 32: 17. Work of righteousness is peace. VIII. 
 
Christian Graces — Humility. 211 
 
 151, 159. 160. Isa. 48:18. VIII. 253. James 3:18. Righteousness 
 sown in peace. XI. 634. Spiritual-mindcdncss. Rom. 8:6. To be 
 spiritually minded is peace. XI. 234. Kingdom of God in the heart. 
 Rom. 14: 17. Kingdom is righteousness, peace, and joy in Holy 
 Ghost. XI. 269. Praise and Peace. Isa. 57 : 19. VIII. 325, 6. 
 
 Present and Ultimate Returns. 
 
 Phil. 4:6, 7. Keep your hearts and minds in the knowledge and 
 love of God. XI. 463. Ps. 37:37. The latter end is peace. IV. 283. 
 Isa. 57:2. Enter into peace. VIII. 321. See Rest, Top. An., p. 447. 
 
 To be Sought and How. 
 
 Ps. 34: 14. Seek peace and pursue it. IV. 257. Job 22:21. Ac- 
 quaint thyself with God, and be at peace. VI. 128. Zech. 8: 19. 
 Love truth and peace. IX. 585. Col. 3:15. Let the peace of God 
 rule in your hearts. XI. 479. Isa. 27:5. Lay hold of My strength 
 and make peace with Me. VIII. 133. 
 
 HUMILITY, Lowliness, Meekness. 
 
 (Mainly the same word in Heb. and Gr.) 
 
 Its Significance fully and finely Expressed: Ps. 131. 
 
 V. 406-409. Jas. 3:13. XI. 634. XL 451. Van O. 
 
 Advantages and Returns, Prov. 16:19. Better a lowly 
 
 spirit. \T. 341. Prov. 15:33; 18:12. Before honor is humility. VI. 
 335' 2)S-- Prov. 29:23. VI. 418. Prov. 22:4. The reward of humil- 
 ity and the fear of the Lord, riches, honor, and life. VL 375, 6. 
 Matt. 18:4. Luke 14:11. Humbleth himself shall be exalted. X. 
 290. Ps. 22:26. Meek shall be satisfied. IV. 176. Ps. 37:11. In- 
 herit the earth." IV. 279. Ps. 138:6. He hath respect to the lowly. 
 \'. 437. Prov. 3:34. Giveth grace to lowly. VL 260. Prov. 11:2. 
 With lowly is wisdom. VI. 302. James 4:6. XL 636. i Pet. 5:5. 
 XL 667. Isa. 57: 15. Dwell with humble spirit, to revive. VIII. 323. 
 Ps. 25:9. Guide and teach the meek. IV. 196. Ps. 147:6. Upholdeth 
 the meek. Ps. 149:4. Will beautify the meek with salvation. V. 497, 
 8. Matt. 5 : 5. Blessed the meek, they shall inherit the earth. X. 146. 
 
 Urgent Counsels. Micah 6 : 9. Walk humbly with thy God. 
 IX. 485. Zeph. 2:3. Ye meek, seek the Lord, seek righteousness, 
 
212 Christian Graces — Patience. 
 
 seek meekness. IX. 529. Col. 3 : 12. Put on humbleness of mind, 
 meekness. XI. 479. i Pet. 5:5, 6. Be clothed with humility. XI. 
 667. Eph. 4:2. Walk with all lowliness and meekness, i Tim. 6: 
 II. Follow after meekness. XL 526. Titus 3:2. Showing all meek- 
 ness to all men. Phil. 2:3. In lowliness of mind esteem other better. 
 XI. 451. Rom. 12:10. In honor preferring one another. XT. 259. 
 James 4:10. Humble yourselves. XL 637. i Pet. 2:23; 5:5. XL 
 656, 667. VI I. 409, 410. 
 
 PATIENCE. Lit., FORBEARANCE, LONGSUFFERING, 
 ENDURANCE, CONTINUANCE. 
 
 Patience is not a passive, stolid and hopeless condition, but an 
 active, sensitive, expectant state, engaging the full energy of mind, 
 heart and will. 
 
 Wrought by Trial. 
 
 Rom. 5 : 3. Tribulation worketh patience. XL 216. James i : 3. 
 Trying of faith worketh patience. XL 617, 619. 2 Thes. i : 4. We 
 glory in you for your patience in tribulations. 
 
 Effects and Rewards. 
 
 Ps. 40: I. I waited patiently, and He heard my cry. IV. 296, 7. 
 Eccles. 7:8. Patient in spirit, better than the proud. VI. 482, 3. 
 Rom. 5:4. Patience worketh experience (probation). XL 216. 
 Rom. 15:4. Through patience hope. XL 272. Col. i : 11. Strength- 
 ened unto all patience with joyfulness. XL 469. Heb. 6: 12. Through 
 faith and patience inherit the promises. XL 576. Rom. 2:7. By 
 patient continuance in well-doing, eternal life. XL 205. Heb. 10: 
 36. Need of patience that ye may receive the promise. Rev. 3 : 10. 
 
 To be Sought and Exercised. 
 
 I Tim. 6:11. Follow after patience. XL 526. Rom. 12:12. Be 
 patient in tribulation. XL 261. James 5:7, 10, 11. Be patient (ex- 
 amples: Job and the prophets). XL 640, i. 2 Pet. 1:6. Add pa- 
 tience. XL 672. Heb. 12:1. Run with patience. XL 604. Ps. 37: 
 7. Wait patiently for God. IV. 276-278. Read VI. 226. Luke 8: 
 15. Bring forth fruit with patience. Luke 21 : 19. In patience pos- 
 sess your souls. 2 Cor. 6:4. Commending ourselves, in much pa- 
 tience. I Thes. 5: 14. Be patient toward all. James 1:4. Let patience 
 
Christian Graces — Waiting on God. 213 
 
 have its perfect work. James 5 : 7, 8. Be patient until the coming of 
 the Lord. 2 Thes. 3 : 5. XI. 504. 
 
 [Our patience is quite as much a measure of our wisdom as our 
 enterprise. Vast is the loss it saves by keeping for efficient action 
 the time and thought saved from fretting and struggling against 
 what cannot be helped. Vast is the gain it secures by keeping the 
 soul calm before God, accepting the allotments of His Providence, 
 and watching wisely the lessons of the events which it cannot control 
 Hallock.'] 
 
 Its Alliances: 
 
 IVifh Hope. Rom. 8:25. If we hope then do we with patience 
 wait. Rom. 15:4. Through patience and comfort of the Scriptures 
 we might have hope, i Thes. i : 3. Remembering your patience of 
 hope. 
 
 IVith Other Graces, i Tim. 6:11. Follow after righteousness, 
 godliness, faith, love, patience, meekness. 2 Tim. 3: 10. Faith, love, 
 patience. 2 Pet. i : 6, 7. Temperance, patience, godliness, love. Rev. 
 13: 10. Here is the patience and the faith of the saints. Rev. 14: 12. 
 
 Akin to Patience, and closely associated in the Scripture is 
 
 WAITING ON GOD. Heb., To be silent (quiet), wait 
 for and look for. Waiting is conditioned upon and iniplies abso- 
 lute trust and restful reliance upon God. 
 
 Earnestly Counseled. 
 
 Ps. 27 : 14. Wait on the Lord : be strong and take courage : yea, 
 wait thou on the Lord. IV. 211, 212. Ps. 37: 5, 7, 9, 34. Rest in the 
 Lord, and wait patiently for Him. Wait, and keep His way (with 
 promise). IV. 275-279, 282. Ps. 62: 5. My soul, wait thou only upon 
 God. IV. 417. Prov. 20:22. VI. 366. Ex. 14:13. II. 47. 
 
 Promised Results. 
 
 Lam. 3 : 25, 26. The Lord is good to them that wait for Him. It 
 is good that a man should hope and quietly wait for the Lord's sal- 
 vation. VIII. 605-607. Isa. 30:15. 18. In quietness and confidence 
 shall be your strength. i31essed are they that wait for Him. VIII. 
 150-152- Isa. 49:23. They shall not be ashamed that wait for Me. 
 VIII. 261. Isa. 64:4. A God who worketh for him that waiteth for 
 Him. VIII. 371. Isa. 40:31. They that wait upon the Lord shall 
 
214 Christian Graces — Childheartedness. 
 
 renew their strength; they shall run and not be weary. VIII. 2ii, 212. 
 Rom. 8: 19, 25. Waiteth for the revealing of the sons of God. Then 
 do we with patience wait for it. XI. 238, 9. i Cor. i : 7. Waiting 
 for the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ, who shall also confirm 
 you to the end. XL 279. Gal. 5 : 5. For we through the Spirit by 
 faith wait for the hope of righteousness. 
 
 Trustful and Triumphant Testimonies. 
 
 Ps. 25: 5. On Thee do I wait all the day. IV. 195. Ps. 40: i. I 
 waited patiently for the Lord, and He heard my cry. IV. 296, 7. Ps. 
 62. My soul waiteth only upon God. IV. 416, 7. Ps. 130:5. I wait 
 for the Lord, my soul doth wait, and in His word do I hope. V. 402, 
 3. Micah 7 : 7. I will wait for the God of my salvation ; my God 
 will hear me. IX. 489. Isa. 25:9. Lo, this is our God; we have 
 waited for Him ; let us rejoice and be glad in His salvation. VIII. 
 121. 
 
 Patient, trustful waiting upon God in hours and days of dark- 
 ness, struggle and suffering, is the Divine order, with ample promises. 
 According to the above inexpressibly sweet utterances of saints and 
 pledges of God, such waiting is a chief condition and means by which 
 strength is renewed and courage re-enforced for persistent advance 
 unto high and yet higher spiritual attainment, terminated at length 
 in " quietness and assurance forever." Isa. 26: 3. Thou wilt keep him 
 in perfect peace whose thought is stayed on Thee; because he trusteth 
 in Thee. VIII. 123, 124. Heb. 12: 11. All chastening seemeth for the 
 present to be not joyous but grievous ; yet aftcrzvard it yiddcth peace- 
 able fruit unto them that have been exercised thereby, CA^en the fruit 
 of righteousness. XI. 607. Isa. 32:17. The work of righteousness 
 shall be peace ; and the effect of righteousness quietness and assurance 
 forever. VIII. 159. 
 
 CHILDHEARTEDNESS, or the Childlike Spirit in 
 Religion. 
 
 This may be described as a condition or frame of mind, combin- 
 ing a feeling of restful dependence upon and a docile, obedient, loving 
 trust in, the Divine Caretaker. It includes simplicity of spirit, open- 
 ness of ear and heart, with assurance of faith and hope and love. It 
 carries within it a living sense of childship to God, a deep quiet reali- 
 zation of the child-relation to God, and a daily experience of glad 
 response in heart and word and deed to every call of the Father to 
 
Christian Graces — Wisdom. 215 
 
 fellowship and service. This is the vital essence of " pure religion " 
 or genuine godliness. 
 
 The Scriptures present many points bearing upon the nature, 
 elements and blessed effects of the childlike spirit. Chief among 
 these, distinctive and clear, are the utterances of Christ. Matt. 18: 
 2-5. Except ye become as little children, ye shall not enter into the 
 kingdom of heaven. X. 290. Mark 10: 15. Whosoever shall not re- 
 ceive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein. 
 X. 337, 338- 
 
 Characteristic Effects of the Child-Spirit, Stated or Im- 
 plied. 
 
 Matt. 5 : 9. The peace-makers shall be called the children of God. 
 X. 147. Matt. 5:44, 45. Love your enemies, and pray for them that 
 persecute you; that ye may be the children of your Father in heaven. 
 X. 153, 154. Eph. 5:1. Imitators of God. as beloved children. XL 
 135. Eph. 5:8. Walk as children of the light. XL 436. Heb. 12:5. 
 Regard not lightly the chastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou 
 art reproved of Him. XL 605. i Pet. i : 14. As children of obedi- 
 ence, not fashioning yourselves according to your former lusts in 
 the time of your ignorance ; but be ye yourselves holy in all manner 
 of living. XL 649. Prov. 4 : 20. Attend to My words. VI. 268. 
 Promise. Isa. 54:13. All thy children shall be taught of the Lord, 
 and great shall be the peace of thy children. VIII. 296. Illustra- 
 tion. Ps. 131 : 2. My soul is like a weaned child. V. 407, 408. Word 
 of Caution. 2 Cor. 11:5. I fear lest your minds should be corrupted 
 from the simplicity and purity that is toward Christ. XL 383. 
 
 WISDOM. 
 
 In its high and broad Scriptural sense, it denotes the right dis- 
 cernment of the soul's revealed relations, duties and needs, together 
 with a willing application and heartfelt use of these God-given reve- 
 lations in the right ordering of the spiritual life. Thus it concerns 
 knowledge, feeling and conduct, and includes the action of reason, 
 heart and will. It is to be used in the believer's own " growth in 
 grace and knowledge," in order to his spiritual advancement and 
 fruitfulness, and in His helpfulness to other souls; and thus in the 
 promotion of the glory of God. In the Proverbs it is personified as 
 a synonym of piety, of which " the fear of God is the beginning " 
 and the foundation. Prov. 9: 10. Job 15:2. VI. 95. Job 28: 12, 28. 
 
 VI. 147-152. 
 
2i6 Christian Graces — Wisdom. 
 
 Wisdom the Gift of God, by Christ. 
 
 Prov. 2 : 6. For the Lord giveth wisdom. VI. 244. Dan. 2 : 21. 
 He giveth wisdom. lUus. Dan. 1:17. God gave them knowledge and 
 wisdom. Ex. 35:31, 35- He filled with wisdom of heart. 
 
 Eph. 2: 17, 18. The God of our Lord Jesus Christ may give unto 
 you a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Him; 
 having the eyes of your heart enlightened, that ye may know what 
 is the hope of His calling, and what the riches of the glory of His 
 inheritance in the Saints, i Cor. i : 24, 30. Christ the wisdom of 
 God. Who was made unto us wisdom from God, and righteousness, 
 and sanctification, and redemption. 
 
 Proffered to All. 
 
 Prov. 8: 1-4. Doth not wisdom cry? She standeth by the way 
 in the places of the paths. She crieth at the entry of the city, at the 
 coming in at the doors : Unto you, O men, I call, and my voice is to 
 the sons of men. VL 286, 287. Prov. 1:20. Wisdom crieth without; 
 she uttereth her voice in the streets: How long, ye simple ones, will 
 ye love simplicity; and fools hate knowledge? Turn you at my re- 
 proof! Behold I will pour out my spirit unto you, I will make 
 known my words unto you. VL 238. 
 
 The Righteous its Recipients. 
 
 Prov. 2:7. He layeth up sound wisdom for the righteous. VL 
 244. Prov. 10:8. The wise in heart will receive commandments. 
 
 Imparted through the Word. 
 
 Col. 3: 16. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wis- 
 dom. 2 Tim. 3:15. The holy Scriptures which are able to make 
 thee wise unto salvation. 
 
 Wisdom to be Earnestly Sought. 
 
 Job 22:21. VL 128-131. Prov. 4:7. Wisdom is the principal 
 thing; therefore get wisdom. VL 262. Prov. 2:4, 5. U thou seekest 
 her as silver, and searchest for her as hid treasures, then shalt thou 
 understand the fear of the Lord, and find the knowledge of God. VI. 
 243. James 1:5. If any man lack wisdom, let him ask of God, who 
 giveth to all liberally, and upbraideth not. The Psalmist's prayer: 
 Ps. 90: 12. So teach us to number our days that we may apply our 
 hearts unto wisdom. V. iii. 
 
Longing after God. 217 
 
 Promised Fruits and Blessings. 
 
 Prov. 2: i-ii, 13-24. When wisdom entereth into thy heart, and 
 knowledge is pleasant to thy soul, discretion shall preserve thee and 
 understanding shall keep thee. VI. 242-246. Prov. 3:13-17. Happy 
 is the man that findeth wisdom. .She is more precious than rubies, 
 and all the things thou canst desire are not to be compared with her. 
 Her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace. She 
 is a tree of life to them that lay hold upon her. VI. 255, 7. Prov. 4: 
 8, 9. Exalt her, and she shall promote thee; she shall bring thee to 
 honor ; she shall compass thee with a crown of glory. VI. 262. Prov. 
 8:34, 35.. Blessed is the man that heareth me, watching daily at my 
 gates, waiting at my doors. For whoso findeth me findeth life, and 
 shall obtain favor of the Lord. VI. 290. Hosea 14:9. Who is wise 
 and he shall understand these things? for the ways of the Lord are 
 right, and the just shall walk in them. IX. 381. Ps. 107:43. Whoso 
 is wise and will observe these things, even they shall understand the 
 loving-kindness of the Lord. V. 220. James 3 : 17. The wisdom 
 that is from above is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be 
 intreated. full of mercy and good fruits, without variance, without 
 hypocrisy. XI. 634. 
 
 The Wisdom of the World, or " Fleshly Wisdom " (2 Cor. 
 i: 12). In Contrast with the Wisdom from Above. 
 
 James 3:15. This wisdom is not a wisdom that cqmeth down 
 from above, but is earthly, sensual, devilish (corresponding with the 
 three foes of the soul.'the world, the flesh, and the devil). XI. 634. 
 I Cor. 1:21. The world through its wisdom knew not God. i Cor. 
 2:5, 6. Your faith should not stand in the wisdom of men. We 
 speak a wisdom not of this world, i Cor. 4: 19, 21. For the wisdom 
 of this vvorld is foolishness with God. Wherefore let no one glory 
 in men. Jer. 9:23. Let not the wise man glory in his wisdom. VIII. 
 441. Rom. 12: 16. Be not wise in your own conceits. Deut. 32:29. 
 Oh, that they were wise, that they understood this, that they would 
 consider their latter end ! II. 729. 
 
 LONGING, OR THIRSTING, AFTER GOD. 
 Expressions of I,onging by Old Testament Saints. 
 
 Ps. 42:1, 2. As the hart panteth after the water brooks, so 
 panteth my soul after thee, O God. My soul thirsteth for God, for 
 the living God. IV. 311, 312, 321. Ps. 63: i, 8. O God, Thou art my 
 
2i8 Longing after God. 
 
 God; my soul thirsteth for Thee. My soul followeth hard after Thee. 
 IV. 426, 427, 431. Ps. 73:25. Whom have I in heaven but Thee? 
 And there is none upon earth that I desire beside Thee. V. 12. Ps. 
 84:2. My soul longeth, yea, even fainteth. . . . My heart and 
 my flesh cry out unto the living. God. V. 87. Ps. 119:20. My soul 
 breaketh for the longing it hath for Thy judgments at all times. V. 
 297. Ps. 130:6. My soul is unto the Lord, etc. V. 403. Ps. 143:6. 
 I spread forth my hands unto Thee: my soul thirsteth after Thee. V. 
 463. Job 23 : 3. Oh that I knew where I might find Him. VI. 132, 
 133. Isa. 26:9. With my soul have I desired Thee; yea, with my 
 spirit within me will I seek Thee. VIIL 127. 
 
 Looking and Seeking of the Longing Soul. 
 
 Ps. 27:8. My heart said to Thee, Thy face. Lord, will I seek. 
 IV. 208. Ps. 34 : 4. I sought the Lord, and He answered me. IV. 
 252. Ps. 77:6. My spirit made diligent search. V. 33, 34. Ps. 119:. 
 10. With my whole heart have I sought Thee. V. 290. Micah 7 : 7. 
 As for me, I will look unto the Lord. IX. 489. Heb. 12 : 2. Looking 
 unto Jesus. Ps. 4:6. Who will show us any good? (so say dissatis- 
 fied men of the world; but the longing soul trustingly cries) Lord, 
 lift upon me the light of Thy countenance. IV. 61. 
 
 Promises to the Longing Soul. 
 
 Ps. 37:4. The Lord shall give thee the desires cf thy heart. IV. 
 274. Ps. 103:5. Who satisfieth thy soul with good. V. 181. Ps. 
 107:9. He satisfieth the longing soul, and the hungry soul he filleth 
 with good. Jer. 29 : 13. Ye shall find Me, when ye shall search for 
 Me with all your heart. VIIL 529. Matt. 5:6. Blessed are they that 
 hunger and thirst after righteousness. X. 146. Matt. 6:33. Seek ye 
 first the kingdom of God and His righteousness ; and all these things 
 (all needed temporal good) shall be added unto you. X. 163. 
 
 [Love bears one's soul up; and it has been truly said that the 
 soul is more where it loves than where it actually is. Thought and 
 desire are the wings of love; for he that loves is borne on to and 
 abides in what he loves by thinking constantly on and longing for 
 the object of his love. Whoever truly and from his heart loves God, 
 by thinking on Him and longing for Him, lifts up his soul to God. 
 Bellarmine.'] 
 
Affliction. 219 
 
 AFFLICTIONS AND TEMPTATIONS. 
 As needful Conditions and Helps to Christian Living. 
 
 Both may be regarded as indirectly from God so far as they 
 occur through the undisturbed operation of natural laws, and through 
 the ordering of Providential environments and allotments, and the 
 overruling of actual events. 
 
 AFFLICTION. Other terms: Chastening; Grief; Pain; 
 Sorrow ; ' Tribulation ; Trouble. 
 
 The full, clear. Scriptural points are as follows: 
 
 1. God Chastens, in Love. 
 
 Deut. 8:5. As a man chasteneth his son, so the Lord thy God 
 chasteneth thee. II. 649. Prov. 3:11, 12. Whom the Lord loveth He 
 chasteneth. VI. 254. Heb. 12 : 5-7. XI. 605, 6. Rev. 3 : 19. As many 
 as I love, I reprove and chasten. XL 736. Deut. 8: 16. To do thee 
 good. II. 651. Ps. 39:9. Thou didst it. IV. 293. Jer. 31: 18. VIII. 
 544. Jer. 10:24. VIII. 447. Isa. 48: 10. I have chosen thee in the 
 furnace of affliction. VIII. 249. Mai. 3:3. IX. 638, 9. Ps. 94:12. 
 Blessed the man whom Thou chasteneth, O Lord. V. 136, 7, Job 5 : 
 17, 18. VI. 41, 2. Job 23:10. VI. 134. Ps. 119:75. In faithfulness 
 hast thou afHicted me. V. 320. Lam. 3 : 32, 33. Though He cause 
 grief, yet will He have compassion, for He doth not afflict willingly. 
 VIII. 608. 9. Job 37:23. VI. 194. Hosea 6: i. The Lord hath torn 
 and He will heal. IX. 352. Zech. 13:9. IX. 608-10. 
 
 [Trial brings man face to face with God— God and he touch ; he 
 feels that he is standing outside the earth, with nothing between 
 him and the Eternal Infinite. Oh, there is something in the sick- 
 bed, and the aching heart, and the restlessness and languor of. shat- 
 tered health, and the sorrow of affections withered, and the cold, 
 lonely feeling of utter rawness of heart which is felt when God 
 strikes home in earnest, that forces a man to feel what is real and 
 what is not. F. W. Robertson. 
 
 When God doth afflict you, then He doth bring you to the touch- 
 stone to see whether you aie good metal or no; He doth bring you 
 then to the furnace to try whether you be dross or gold. Affliction 
 is the great discoverer that unmasks us. While religion and pros- 
 perity go together, it is hard to say v/hich a man follows ; but when 
 
2 20 Affliction. 
 
 once they are forced to a separation, where the heart was will soon 
 be manifest. Caryl. 
 
 If God, by the affliction that is upon thee, shall teach thee how 
 to loathe sin more, how to trample upon the world more and how to 
 walk with God more, thy afflictions are in love. If God shall teach 
 thee by afflictions how to die to sin more, and how to die to thy self- 
 interest more, thy afflictions are in love. If God shall teach thee by 
 afflictions how to live to Christ more, how to lift up Christ more and 
 how to long for Christ more, thy afflictions are in love. Thos. 
 Brooks. 
 
 Not only knowledge, but also every other gift which we call 
 the gifts of fortune, have power to puff up earth; afflictions only level 
 these mole-hills of pride, plow the heart and make it fit for wisdom 
 to sow her seed and for grace to bring forth her increase. Happy is 
 that man, therefore, both in regard of heavenly and earthly wisdom, 
 that is thus wounded to be cured, thus broken to be made straight; 
 thus made acquainted with his own imperfections that he may be 
 perfected. Bacon. 
 
 The essence of Christianity is self-renunciation ; and the disci- 
 pline that brings us to feel our childlike dependence is the perfecting 
 of our piety. Grief after grief brings us to joy. Broken in spirit, 
 we are made whole ; humbled, we are exalted. We gain the great 
 victory through a succession of defeats. Bp. Huntington.'] 
 
 2. Suffering Needful as shown by its Purpose and 
 Effects: 
 
 Needful for testing, proving and training; for gain, in 
 knowledge of self and God, in faith, in patience, in holiness, 
 in helpfulness to others and honor to God. 
 
 Job 36: VI. 186. Ps. 94:12. V. 136-139. Deut. 8:2, 3, 16. 
 Humble thee to prove thee, to do thee good. II. 648, 651. i Pet. i: 
 6, 7. Now for a little while if need be, ye have been put to grief in 
 manifold trials. XI. 646, 7. i Cor. 11:32. We are chastened of the 
 Lord that we may not be condemned with the world. XI. 319. Ps. 
 119:67. Before I was afflicted I went astray, but now have I kept 
 Thy word. V. 316. Ps. 119:71. Good for me that I have been af- 
 flicted, that I might learn Thy statutes. V. 318. Hosea 5:15. In their 
 affliction they will seek Me. IX. 351. Hosea 2: 14, 15. IX. 339-342. 
 VII. 377-379. Zech. 13:9. Refine as silver. IX. 608. James 1:3. 
 The trial of your faith worketh patience. XI. 617-619. Rom. 5:3. 
 Tribulation worketh patience. XI. 216. Heb. 12:11. Chastening for 
 
Affliction. 221 
 
 the present is grievous, yet afterward it yieldeth peaceable fruit of 
 righteousness. XL 607. Heb. 12: 10. He chastens for our profit, that 
 \vc may be partakers of His hoHness. XI. 606. i Pet. 4: 12. XI. 664. 
 I Pet. 5 : 10. XL 669. 2 Cor. i : 4. That we may be able to comfort 
 them that are in affliction through the comfort wherewith we are 
 comforted of God. XL 347. Acts 14:22. Through many tribula- 
 tions we must enter into the kingdom of God. Rev. 7: 14. Lam. 3: i. 
 VIII. 602. Dan. 12: 10. IX. 326-328. John 15:2. Every branch that 
 beareth fruit, He cleanseth it, that it may bring forth more fruit. 
 X. 489. 
 
 Trial is man's only and compulsory teacher in the kiiozi'lrdge of 
 himself. 'Shutting him up to self-communion, it confronts him with 
 the supreme questions of his spiritual and immortal being, and com- 
 pels him to reflection upon the issues he is working out for himself, 
 upon the character he is forming, the relations he sustains, the ground 
 of hope for the future he is cherishing and the destiny to which he 
 is hastening. Did not the merciful hand of God confront him with 
 weariness and trial, did He not afflict with pain and bereave- 
 ment he would never pause to look inward, to question the spirit that 
 inhabits and impels him, to inquire of his supreme and only vital 
 interests, relations, condition and prospects. It is suffering under 
 its varied forms that leads the soul to self-investigation, that impels 
 it to the study of its own nature and destiny. In the silence of sor- 
 row or pain when external things are withdrawn from attention, the 
 thought is turned inward. Then the soul begins to apprehend its 
 vast capacities of thought and will and feeling, of action and happi- 
 ness. Then first it communes with its aspirations and its weakness, 
 its fears and its hopes. It recognizes its ignorance and its guilt, its 
 necessities and its dangers. Above all, it realizes its relations to 
 God as Creator and Sovereign, and may be led to seek and find rec- 
 onciliation with Him as Father, Redeemer and Friend. 
 
 Nor is knowledge of self the only needful effect designed and 
 produced by trial. " Suffering is also a necessary condition and means 
 for moving the soul to self-struggle and self -conquest. It is through 
 the discipline of grief and anguish that the moral and spiritual forces 
 are knit into compactness and hardness, aroused to intense and 
 steadfast exertion and excited to resist and repel the demands of the 
 old. inborn, selfish self. By a self-crucifying process thus induced, 
 with God's assured help, many hearts have been strengthened to 
 break away from the tremendous forces of inbred and long indulged 
 corruption. And largely by the same self-struggle and crucifixion, 
 wrought under God through trial, believing souls have had the Divine 
 
2 2 2 Affliction. 
 
 forces and graces of piety exercised, invigorated and developed, have 
 had increased their trust, their hope, their Christlike endeavor, have 
 made their chief progress in holiness and toward heaven. 
 
 And, as a natural and blessed result of self-knowledge and self- 
 conquest, imder the welcomed indwelling and inworking of the Spirit 
 of Christ, the new man gladly enters into a life-long career of achieve- 
 ment and endurance in the help of his fellow man. As the ultimate 
 effect of suffering, he becomes an active and fruitful leader in every 
 form of ministry and service demanded by the law of love. 
 
 So it is, we may conclude, that no words can express how much 
 of gain and blessing man owes to trial, how many its uses, how vast 
 its extent of good to the spiritual universe. 
 
 3. God, only and surely, our Deliverer and Comforter. 
 Manifold Promises and Fulfilments: 
 
 2 Cor. 1:5. As sufferings abound, so comfort also aboundeth 
 through Christ. XI. 347. 2 Thes. 2: 16. Hath given us eternal com- 
 fort through grace. XL 503. Isa. 43 : 2. When thou passest through 
 the waters, I will be with thee. VIII. 225. Zech. 13:9. I will bring 
 thee through the fire. IX. 608, 9. Illus. Dan. 3:24, 25. Nahum i : 
 7, 8. In their trouble He knoweth them that trust in Him. Job 34: 
 29. When He giveth quietness, who can trouble? Heb. 13:5. He 
 hath said, I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee. XI. 614. HI. 37. 
 Ps. 34: 19. Many the afflictions of righteous, but the Lord delivereth 
 from all. IV. 258. Ps. 46: i. IV. 334. Ps. 71 : 20. IV. 477. Ps. 91 : 
 15. V. 123. Isa. 50: 10. In darkness trust in the Lord and stay upon 
 God. VIII. 265. Isa. 63 : 9. In all their affliction, He was afflicted. 
 VIII. 367. Ps. 68: 19. Daily beareth our burdens. IV. 464. Ps. 145: 
 14. Raiseth up the bowed down. V. 474. Job 35:10. Giveth songs 
 in the night. VI. 184. Hosea 2:14, 15. I will bring her into the 
 wilderness, and speak comfortably to her. I will give her the valley 
 of Trouble for a door of hope. IX. 339-41. Isa. 51 : 12. I, even I, am 
 He that comforteth you. VIII. 269. Isa. 57: 18. VIII. 325. Isa. 66: 
 13. As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you. VIII. 
 384. Isa. 30:21. Tho the Lord give you the bread of adversity and 
 the water of affliction, yet thine ears shall hear a word saying. This 
 is the way, walk ye in it. VIII. 152. John 14: i. Let not your heart 
 be troubled, trust Me. X. 480. 16:33. I" the world ye have tribula- 
 tion, but in Me peace. X. 503. John 14: 2, 3, 16-19, 27. X. 480, 4, 5, 
 7. Jer. 16: 19. My refuge in the day of trouble. VIII. 474. Nahum 
 1 : 7. Stronghold in trouble. IX. 496. Ps. 23 : 4. Through the valley, 
 
Affliction. 
 
 223 
 
 Thou art with me. IV. 184. Ps. 81 : 7. Thou calledst in trouble, and 
 
 1 deHvered thee. Ps. 27: 5. IV. 207. 31 : 7. IV. 230. 32: 7. IV. 242. 
 
 2 Cor. 1 : 10. Who delivered us, and doth deliver, in Whom we trust 
 that He will yet deliver. XI. 347. Deut. 33 : 25. As thy days, so shall 
 thy strength be. II. 735. Ps. 84:6, 7. Strength to strength. V. 69. 
 Deut. ^^ : 2y. The eternal God thy dwelling-place ; and underneath 
 are the everlasting arms. II. 736. Ezek. 11:16. A sanctuary. IX. 
 55. 
 
 4. God to be Sought, with Submission, Trust, Patient 
 Obedience, and Hope. 
 
 Job '34:33- As Thou wilt. VI. 181. Ps. 46:10. Be still, and 
 know that I am God. IV. 336, 7. Illus. Eli. i Sam. 3: 18. It is the 
 Lord, let Him do what seemeth Him good. Job i : 21. The Lord 
 gave, hath taken away. Blessed be the name of the Lord. VI. 21, 
 22. Lev. 10:3. Aaron. Ezekiel IX. 113, 327. James 5:13. Is any 
 afflicted? let him pray. Ps. 50:15. Call upon Me in the day of 
 trouble. I will deliver thee, and thou shalt glorify Me. IV. 359. Ps. 
 55 : 22. Cast thy burden upon the Lord, and He shall sustain thee. 
 IV. 391-393. Ps. 56:8. IV. 396, 8. Ps. 57: I, 2, etc. IV. 399, 400. 
 413, 477. Prov. 20 : 22. Wait on the Lord, and He shall save thee. 
 VI. 366. Ps. 37 : 5, 7. Rest in the Lord and wait patiently for Him. 
 IV. 274-277. Ps. 40:1. I waited patiently and He heard my cry. 
 IV. 296. Ps. 42:5, II. Why cast down, O my soul? Hope thou in 
 God, for I shall yet praise Him. IV. 310-322. i Pet. 4: 19. 'Let them 
 that suffer according to the will of God commit their souls, in well- 
 doing, to a faithful Creator. XI. 665. Isa. 26:4. Trust forever, for 
 the Lord Jehovah is an everlasting rock. VIII. 124. Hos. 5: 15. IX. 
 351- 
 
 5. Trust and Joy in Trial. 
 
 Job 23 : 10. He knoweth the way that I take. When He hath 
 tried me I shall come forth as gold. VI. 134, 5. Job. 13: 15. Though 
 He slay me, yet will I trust (wait upon) Him. VI. 83. Micah 7:8. 
 When I fall I shall arise ; when I sit in darkness Jehovah shall be a 
 light unto me. IX. 489. Ps. 18:28. Jehovah will lighten my dark- 
 ness. IV. 141. Ps. 27:1. IV. 204. 112:4. V. 249. Ps. 23:4. 
 Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no 
 evil. IV. 184. Ps. 138:7. Though I walk in the midst of trouble, 
 Thou wilt revive me. Ps. 42: 7, 8. IV. 315. James i : 2. Count it all 
 joy when ye fall into manifold trials. XL 619. Rom. 5:3. Let us 
 rejoice in our tribulations. XI. 215. Rom. 8:35. XI. 243, 4. 2 Cor. 
 
2 24 Affliction. 
 
 7:4.1 am exceeding joyful in all our affliction. Hab. 3:17, 18. 
 Though fig tree not blossom, etc., yet in Jehovah will I rejoice. IX. 
 521, 2. Illus. Ex. 15 : 25. II. 63. Job 5 : 17. VI. 41-43. Job 35 :io. VI. 
 184. 
 
 6. Final Issue in Gladness and Glory. 
 
 2 Cor. 4:17. For our light affliction worketh for us more and 
 more exceedingly an eternal weight of glory. XI. 360. Rom. 8: 18. 
 The offerings of this present time are not worthy to be compared 
 with the glory which shall be revealed to us-ward. XI. 237. Ps. 30 : 
 5. Weeping may endure for the night, but joy cometh in the morn- 
 ing. IV. 225. Ps. 97: II. Light is sown for the righteous, and glad- 
 ness for the upright in heart. V. 157. Job 37: 21. Light in the skies. 
 VI. 193, 4. Zech. 14:7. At evening time it shall be light. IX. 614. 
 Isa. 35: 10. The ransomed shall obtain joy and gladness; sorrow and 
 sighing shall flee away. VIII. 176, 7. Isa. 51:11. VIII. 269. Isa. 
 33 : 24. The inhabitant shall not say, I am sick. VIII. 167. Rev. 21 : 4. 
 No more sorrow nor crying, neither any more pain. XI. 778. 
 
 [The time of our pilgrimage on earth is a time of sorrow : these 
 are " the days wherein God afflicted us ; these the years wherein we 
 have seen evil." But He. will hereafter "make us glad according to 
 them " ; in proportion to our sufferings, if rightly we bear those suf- 
 ferings, will be our reward; nay, "these light afflictions, which are 
 but for a moment, work for us a far more exceeding and eternal 
 weight of glory." Bp. Home.'] 
 
 7. Christ our Example in Suffering; we Share His 
 Suffering and His Joy. 
 
 Heb. 4:14-16. XI. 570-572. I Pet. 2:21. Christ suffered for 
 you, leaving you an example. XI. 655. i Pet. 3: 16. XI. 659. Heb. 
 12:3. Consider Him, lest ye be wearied and faint. XI. 605. Phil, i : 
 29. It is given not only to believe, but to suffer in His behalf. XI. 
 449. 2 Cor. 1:7. As ye are partakers of the suffering, so also of the 
 consolation. XI. 347. i Pet. 4:12-14. As partakers of His suffer- 
 ings, when His glory is revealed, ye glad with exceeding joy. XI. 
 664. Rom. 8:17. If we suffer with Him, also glorified together. 
 " Suffering the Sacrament of Glory." XI. 237. 2 Tim. 2: 12. If we 
 suffer we shall reign with Him. XI. 534. Matt. 16:24-27; 19:29. 
 X. 277, 391. 
 
 [Sorrow is not an accident, occurring now and then, it is the 
 very woof which is woven into the warp of life. It is the law of our 
 
Temptation. 225 
 
 humanity, as that of Christ, that we must be perfected through suf- 
 fering. And he who has not discerned the Divine sacredness of sor- 
 row, and the profound meaning that is concealed in pain, has yet to 
 learn what life is. The cross, manifested as the necessity of the 
 highest life, alone interprets it. F. IV. Robertson.} 
 
 8. Related Points. 
 
 (i) Question of the ages: Why the good suffer and the 
 bad prosper? Ps. 27- IV. 271-284. Ps. 49. IV. 347-355. Ps. 73. 
 V. 6-18. Job VI. 7-9, 186, 218, 226. VIII. 452. 
 
 (2) Calamities not Divine Judgments. Luke 13:1-5. X. 200, 
 329. John 9:2, 3. Rom. 8 : 28. XI. 240. 
 
 (3) Reserves of Strength needful in trials. Jer. 12:6. 
 VIII. 453, 4- 
 
 (4) Remedy for Disquiet and Trouble is Work and Trust. 
 VII. 129. 
 
 TEMPTATION, Heb. and Gr., Trying, Testing, Proving. 
 Tempter, applied to 5atan. 
 
 Two diverse uses and intents : I. As predicated of God. II. As 
 referring to Satan and evil men. 
 
 I. As predicated of God, the single use and intent of 
 temptation is the trying and testing of the moral and 
 spiritual nature for good, for supreme results of profit and 
 blessedness, that the tried and proved soul may finally 
 receive abiding approval and reward. 
 
 Temptations, or testing trials, of every sort, from every source 
 and agency, through adversity and pain or prosperity and pleasure,, 
 from penury or abundance, from good or evil spirits and men, all are 
 appointed of God for moral discipline, training and culture. If 
 humbly accepted and steadfastly endured, they exercise, develop and 
 strengthen faith, patience, obedience and love. And they find a rich, 
 satisfying return when the probation-period is complete. These 
 points are abundantly indicated in both Testaments. Note carefully: 
 The trying or testing is not of obedience to lazv (that test was applied 
 only to Adam before the Fall), but of the truth and strength of faith 
 or trust in God. James 1:3. t Pet. 1:6, 7. 
 
 God Tempts, Tries, in Order to Test, Prove and Bless. 
 Gen. 22: I. God did tempt (prove) Abraham. I. 386, 7. 2 Chron. 32: 
 
226 Temptation. 
 
 31. God left (Hezekiah )to try. him. VII. 354, 5. Ex. 16: 4. That I may 
 prove them. II. 69. Deut. 8 : 2. Humble thee to prove thee. II. 647, 
 8. Job 23 : 10. When He hath tried me, I shall come forth as gold. 
 VI. 134, 5. Ps. 11:4, 5. The Lord trieth the righteous. IV. 97, 8. 
 Ps. 26:2. Prove me; try my reins and heart. IV.. 201. Ps. 66:10. 
 Thou hast proved, tried us as silver. IV. 443, 4. Ps. 139:23. Try 
 me. V. 449-452. Prov. 17:3. Trieth hearts. VI. 344. Jer. 12:3. 
 Triest mine heart toward Thee. VIII. 453. i Thes. 2 : 4. God who 
 proveth our hearts. XL 487. John 6:6. He said to prove him. X. 
 243, 4. In His trying God is ever considerate and helpful. Ps. 103 : 
 14. He remembereth that we are dust. V. 184. Matt. 26:41. The 
 spirit willing, but the flesh weak. X. 514. i Cor. 10:13. God is 
 faithful, who will not sufifer you to be tempted above that ye are able; 
 but will with the temptation make also the way of escape, that ye may 
 he able to endure it. XL 310. Heb. 2: 18. Able to succor them that 
 are tempted. XL 563. 2 Pet. 2 : 9. The Lord knoweth how to deliver 
 the godly out of temptation. Jude 24. Able to guard you from 
 stumbling. XL 711. Rev. 3:10. Will keep thee from the hour of 
 temptation. XL 733. Illus. Luke 22:31, 32. I have prayed for thee. 
 John 17: 15. I pray that Thou shouldest keep them from the evil one. 
 X. 509. 
 
 Gain and Blessing from Temptation. (Trial or Testing of 
 faith. See XL 646, vs. 6.) James 1:2, 3. Count it all joy when yc 
 fall into manifold temptations (trials) ; knowing that the trying of 
 your faith worketh patience. XL 617, 619. I Pet. 1:6, 7. Now, for 
 a little while, ye have been put to grief in manifold temptations, that 
 the trial of your faith might be found unto praise and glory and 
 honor at the appearing of Jesus Christ. XL 646, 7. Rom. 5 : 3, 4. 
 Rejoice in tribulations, knowing that tribulation worketh patience, 
 and patience, probation (proof), and probation, hope. XL 215. 6. 
 Acts 14 : 22. Through many tribulations we must enter into the King- 
 dom of God. XL 100. Illus. 2 Cor. 12:7-10. XL 385-387. James i: 
 12. Blessed the man that endureth temptation, shall receive the crown 
 of life. XL 621. 
 
 II. As referring to and charged upon Satan, evil 
 spirits and men, Temptation or Trying means, and in- 
 tends only enticement to moral evil or sin, with its ulti- 
 mate consequences of misery and remorse. 
 
 Temptations that look toward and prompt to evil or sin find their ap- 
 peal and motive force in our own native cravings, " desires of the flesh 
 
Temptation. 227 
 
 and of the mind" (Eph. 2:3), enticing us to forget and making us 
 blind and deaf to reason, conscience and known duty to God and man. 
 The matter of these temptations consists in various baits presented 
 through the world and worldly living to the senses and the mind, the 
 lower and higher cravings of the self-centered nature. These crav- 
 ings are briefly summarized in i John 2: 16: The lust, or desire, of 
 the eye, the lust of the flesh, and the vain-glory of life. They include 
 all self-ambitions and thirsts: for knowledge and culture, for place 
 and power, for riches and for indulgence of bodily appetites. They 
 find complete illustration in the testing and failure of the first created 
 pair by God. The principle on which their test was based and justi- 
 fied is suggested by the single Divine prohibition of Gen. 2:16. Of 
 the tree of the knowledge of good and evil thou shalt not eat. See 
 Vol. I. 169-174. The full force and strain of the actual trial is shown 
 in the threefold appeal noted Gen. 3:5, 6. The tree was good for 
 food, a delight to the eyes, and to be desired to make one wise. These 
 points had been alluringly urged and skillfully enforced by the Arch- 
 Tempter Satan. Thus the woman soul stood for a brief period be- 
 tween two Agents of trial and testing. One, the pure, loving, benefi- 
 cent God, seeking and bringing to bear every highest motive and ap- 
 peal to continued obedience, holiness and blessedness; the other a 
 malignant, hating, altogether evil spirit, insidiously falsifying every 
 truth and fact of her relation to God and of the immediate and 
 eternal results of her impending choice, that he might entice her to 
 the fatal act of disobedience and sin, with its misery and ruin. The 
 testing of God, devised irr wisdom and purposed in love, failed of its 
 end by reason of the unbelief and self-will, the self-direction and self- 
 indulgence of Adam and Eve. Therefore they believed Satan rather 
 than God; they desired evil and rejected God. See Vol. I. 176-183. 
 The genesis and issue of their sin, as that of every sinner since, is 
 sententiously stated in James i : 14, 15. Each man is tempted when 
 he is draw-n away of his own lust (desire) and enticed. Then the 
 lust, when it hath conceived (through union with the v.ill), beareth 
 sin, and sin. when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death. XI. 622. 3. 
 
 [Graphic beyond power of an amending touch is the form in 
 which the Eden story puts the cause and consequences of temptation. 
 The fruit forbidden seems, under the suggestion of temptation, to be 
 good for food, to be pleasant to the eyes and to be desired to make 
 one wise. So temptation has painted and gilded for all time. Bchr 
 ^nds.'] 
 
 Other Illustrations — Temptings of Satan. Job 1:6-12; 2:1-7. \'T. 
 17-21, 23-26. Judas, John 13:27. X. 471, 473. Ananias, Acts 5:3. 
 15 
 
2 28 Temptation. 
 
 XL 87. Wicked prophets as tempters. Ezek. 13:10-16. IX. 62, 3. 
 Israel tempting God. Ps. 78:18, 41, 56. V. 44. Ps. 95:9. V. 143. 
 Pharisees tempting Christ. Matt. 22:18, 35. See James 1:13. XI. 
 622, 3. 
 
 Cautions and Counsels. 
 
 Prov. I : 10, 15. If sinners entice thee, consent thou not. \\'all>; 
 not thou with them. VI. 237. Prov. 4: 14, 15. VI. 262-6. i Cor. 10: 
 12. Let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall. XL 309, 
 310. 2 Cor. 13:5. Try your own selves, whether ye be in the faith; 
 prove your own selves. XL 388-390. Gal. 6:1. If a man be overtaken 
 in a trespass, restore such in a spirit of meekness, looking to thyself, 
 lest thou also be tempted. XL 409, 410. i Thes. 5 : 6. XL 495. Matt. 
 26:41. Watch and pray that ye enter not into temptation. X. 513. 
 (Note the dilTering expressions, " overtaken in " [above], " fall into " 
 [James i : 2] unwittingly and " enter into " temptation, knowingly and 
 willfully.) Appropriate Petitions. Matt. 6: 13. X. 159 and Luke 11: 
 4. X. 327. Lead us not into temptation. Ps. 19: 12, 13. Keep back 
 Thy servant from presumptuous sins. IV. 156-158. Ps. 141 : 4. In- 
 cline not my heart to any evil thing. V. 457. Ps. 1 19 : t,/. Turn 
 away mine eyes from beholding vanity. V. 303. 
 
 Peter's touching entreaty merits our earnest consideration. 1 
 Pet. 4:12. Beloved, think it not strange concerning the fiery trial 
 which cometh upon you to prove you, as though a strange thing hap- 
 pened unto you ; but inasmuch as ye are partakers of Christ's suffer- 
 ings, rejoice. XL 664. 
 
 How to Neutralize the Force of Temptation. 
 
 By Direct Determined Resistance of the Will. 
 
 James 4 : 7. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. XL 6T,y. 
 Matt. 5:29, 30. If thy right eye (or hand) causeth thee to stumble, 
 pluck it out and cast it from thee. X. 152. Eph. 6: 13-16. Take up 
 the whole armor of God, that ye may be able to stand in the evil day, 
 and having done all, to stand. Stand therefore, having girded your 
 loins with truth, and having put on the breastplate of righteousness, 
 withal taking up the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to 
 quench the fiery darts of the evil one. And take the helmet of salva 
 tion, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the \\^ord of God ; with 
 all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto in 
 all perseverance. XL 443. i Cor. 16: 13. Watch ye, stand fast in the 
 faith, quit you like men, be strong. XL 344. Phil. 4:1. Stand fast in 
 
Temptation. 229 
 
 the Lord. Illiis. Job 31:1. I made a covenant with mine eyes. VI. 
 161. I Cor. 9:27. I keep under (buffet) my body, and bring it into 
 bondage. XI. 307. 
 
 By Pre-occupation of all the Faculties with High Themes, 
 Elevated Affections and Ennobling Interests and Occupations. 
 
 By giving the niind to thought and study of God in His nature, 
 works and ways and to right and helpful methods of living and act- 
 ing. By engaging the heart in the interests of God and man. And 
 by exercising the zvill in corresponding acts of obedience to God, and 
 of kindly and loving deeds to men. 
 
 Deliverance from Temptation, through the Armor of 
 God, by the Power of God. 
 
 Study the revelation by Paul in that wonderfully full and in- 
 structive passage, Eph. 6:10-18. In the soul's ceaseless wrestle with 
 tempters and temptations, its part consists in putting on and per- 
 sistently using the armor Divinely provided, and so withstanding and 
 standing through the ever-present and ever-acting might of God. 
 Over the defensive armor the tempted soul is bidden to present the 
 shield of faith, upon which may be quenched the fiery darts of the 
 wicked ; and the sword of the Spirit; which is the Word of God. With 
 the \\'ord the Master met and repelled the appeals of the Tempter. 
 " It is written," He said in reply to each of the three forms of tempta- 
 tion. Of the armor, defensive and offensive, another weapon, a vital 
 condition of overcoming m the conflict, is Prayer, or Looking to, and 
 Reliance upon God. " With all prayer and supplication praying at 
 all seasons in the Spirit." This is ensured to the faithful, warring 
 believer in the large promise (referred to above) that " God will not 
 suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able ; but will with the 
 temptation make also the way of escape, that ye may be able to endure 
 it." I Cor. 10: 13. 
 
 [God will either keep His saints from temptations by His prevent- 
 ing mercy, or in temptations by His supporting mercy, or find a way 
 for their escape by His delivering mercy. Mason. 
 
 God only can give the victory; and God assuredly will. But God 
 will not give it in the' precise way that we ask for it. And hence it 
 is that, beyond all other graces, the grace of perseverance is the one 
 to which victory is promised: that perseverance which enables us, in 
 spite of disappointment in ourselves and our endeavors, and of cold- 
 ness in the heart and poorness in the devotions, still to continue in 
 the path which He has commanded. Archbp. Temple.] 
 
230 Personal Duties Toward God. 
 
 We have considered the Christian Life, in its essential par- 
 ticnlars of Spiritual Experience, and in its demands of fitting 
 Conduct atid faithful Service ; also the Helps it receives from 
 Divinely imparted Graces, and throiigJi painful encounter zvith 
 Afiliction and Temptation. We complete the Scripture teaching 
 concerning Man s Spiritual Transformation with 
 
 SPECIFIC PERSONAL OBLIGATIONS DEMANDED 
 BY CHRISTIAN LIVING. 
 
 I. BELIEVER'S PERSONAL DUTIES TOWARD 
 
 GOD. 
 
 I. ESSENTIAL FEATURES OF HEART EXERCISE 
 AND EXPERIENCE: 
 
 (i) OBEDIENCE TO GOD'S COMMANDMENTS the 
 first, fundamental, universal demand 
 
 made upon created spirits ; a demand pressed upon believing men, not 
 as a means of justification, but as a governing rule of life. Obedience 
 demands and engages the exercise of the whole intellect, heart, will 
 and conscience in the persistent fulfillment of every duty. And the 
 smallest duty involves the whole principle of obedience. Indeed, it 
 is the little duties that make the heart and will and conscience sensi- 
 tive, and prompt to dutifulness. Small obediences create the habit, 
 lead to and make easier the fulTdlment of greater duties. 
 
 Ground of Obligation. 
 
 The obligation of man to obedience is grounded upon God's rela- 
 tions to man; as his Creator and Moral Ruler; as his Pattern of moral 
 action ; and as the true and supreme end of his being. 
 
 Personal Reasons for Man's Obedience. 
 
 I. The Law of God, or the Rule of man's obligation and duty, is 
 absolutely needful to ignorant, consciously dependent and responsible 
 men. Rom. 7:7-12. I had not known sin except through the law. XT. 
 227, 229. Gal. 3 : 24. The law hath been our tutor to bring us unto 
 Christ. XI. 400. 2. The commandments of God are designed and 
 adapted only and surely for man's good. Deut. 6: 24. The Lord com- 
 manded us to do all these statutes for our good always. [The word 
 
Obedience. 231 
 
 " good " is a striking word. The connection of all the command- 
 ments of God with it is quite as striking. It enforces the truth that 
 the only way of life and blessedness is in law-keeping. D. S. Greg- 
 ory.'] Hence the law is the greatest boon and the best friend to man, 
 "holy, just and good" (Rom. 7: 12). In harmony with these per- 
 sonal motives we find 
 
 Two Scriptural Reasons Assigned for Obedience: God is 
 
 our God, and He is good and gracious unto us. 
 
 These motives are expressly stated in the opening Words of 
 Jehovah to His redeemed Israel, introducing the Moral Law. Ex. 20 : 
 2. I am the Lord thy God, who brought thee out of the house of 
 bondage. II. 158, 9. And the same sublime assertions are repeated 
 again and again by Psalmist and Prophet: I am thy God; I have re- 
 deemed thee. Therefore obey My voice and keep My covenant. Ex. 
 19: 5. II. 124, 5. This the key-note to the Mosaic legislation and the 
 whole after history, before and without regard to ceremonial and 
 sacrifice. 
 
 Demand of Obedience throughout the Old and New 
 Testament. 
 
 The initial prohibition to Adam. Gen. 2: 16. Thou shalt not. I. 
 169. Manifold words of Moses,' Joshua, and others, with accompany- 
 ing promises. Lev. 26:3-13. Deut. 28:1-14. IT. 683-685. Deut. 4: 
 I, 6. That ye may live. 11. 638. May go well with thee. 4: 40, p. 640. 
 5: I, 33; 6: 17, 18, 251^7:9, 12. He will love and bless thee. pp. 641- 
 645. 10:12, p. 655. 11:27, 28, p. 658. 26:16, p. 677. Josh. 1:7. 
 That thou mayest have good success wheresoever thou goest. III. 39. 
 Josh. 22: 5. III. 143. Josh. 23:6. II, p. 151. I Chron. 28:8. Observe 
 and seek out all the commandments of the Lord. III. 489. Eccles. 12: 
 13. Fear God and keep His commandments. VI. 527, 8. Jer. 7:23. 
 Obey My Voice, and I will be your God. VIII. 436. 2 Cor. 10:5. 
 Bringing every- thought to the obedience of Christ. 
 
 Obedience better than sacrifice, i Sam. 15:22. III. 295. Jer. 7: 
 22, 2^. VIII. 436. See Faith and Obedience, p. 85. 
 
 Fruits or Returns Promised to Obedience. 
 
 Gen. 18:19. Covenant Blessings to Abraham and his spiritual 
 seed (believers). I. 354 Prov. 29:18. He that keepeth the law, 
 happy is he. Ps. 19: 11. In keeping great reward. IV. 154. 5. Obedi- 
 ence a condition and means of knozvledge of truth. John 7:17. If 
 any man willeth to do His will, he shall know of the teaching. X. 304. 
 
232 Truthfulness. 
 
 I John 2 : 3, 6. We know that we know God, if we keep His command- 
 ments. Ps. Ill: 10. Fear of Jehovah is the beginning of wisdom; a 
 good understanding have all they that do thereafter. V. 245-247. 
 Prov. 1:7. VI. 235. Prov. 9:10. VI. 293. Job 28:28. VI. 151, 2. 
 Ps. 112:4. V. 249-251. Ps. 119:79. V. 321. Ps. 143:7. Cause me 
 to know. V. 464. John 8 : 32. If ye abide in My word, ye shall know 
 the truth. X. 315. Divine Fellowship. Matt. 12:50. Whosoever 
 shall do the will of My Father, he is My brother and sister and 
 mother. X. 191. John 14:23. If a man love Me, he will keep My 
 Words, and My Father will love him, and We will come unto him 
 and make Our abode with him. X. 486. Light and Life. John 15: 10. 
 If ye keep My commandments, ye shall abide in My love. X. 491. 
 John 8: 12. Shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life. X. 
 313. John 8: 51. If a man keep My word, he shall never see death. 
 X. 318. I John 3:24. He that keepeth His commandments dwelleth 
 in Him, and He in him. John 15 : 14. Ye are My friends if ye do the 
 things that I command you. X. 493. Prayer Answered. John 15 : 7. If 
 My words abide in you, ye shall ask whatsoever ye will, and it shall be 
 done unto you. i John 3 : 22. Whatsoever we ask we receive of Him 
 because we keep His commandments. XI. 694. Liberty. Ps. 119:45. 
 V. 305-307. Ps. 103: 18. V. 186. Immortal Blessedness, i John 2: 17. 
 He that doeth the will of God abideth forever. XI. 687. Rev. 14: 12, 
 13. Here is the patience of the saints, they that keep the command- 
 ments of God, and the faith of Jesus. Blessed, etc., XI. 759. i John 2 : 5. 
 Whoso keepeth His word, in Him hath the love of God been perfected. 
 Illus. Abraham. Gen. 22:18; 26:5. I. 396. Caleb. Num. 14:24. II. 
 552. Josh. 14:8, 9. III. 133-135, 141- Jotham. 2 Chron. 27:6. VII. 
 324. Hezekiah. VII. 337. Josiah. VII. 385, 396-398. Paul. Acts 26: 
 19. XL 171. Gal. 1 : 16. Partial and imperfect obedience recom- 
 pensed. Rehoboam. VII. 272. Ahab. I Kings 21 : 29. VII. 141. Jehu. 
 VII. 230, I. 
 
 (2) TRUTH, or TRUTHFULNESS. Gr. Alethea. 
 
 The word is used in two senses. Objectively and predominantly, 
 as signifying the True Word of God — that is, the Revelation of God 
 to men. Here we refer to its subjective meaning, truthfulness, as 
 applied to the character, the speech and the acting of men. The 
 Scripture reference is threefold : 
 
 Truth on the Lips. Prov. 12: 17, 19. He that uttereth truth 
 sheweth forth righteousness. The lip of truth shall be established 
 
Unworldliness, 233 
 
 forever. VI. 310. Mai. 2:6. The law of truth was in his mouth. IX. 
 631. Eph. 4:25. Speak truth to neighbor. XI. 433. 
 
 Truth in the Heart. Ps. 51:6. Thou desirest truth in the in- 
 ward part. IV. 370. Ps. 15:2. He speaketh truth in his heart. IV. 
 114. John 4:23. Worship in spirit and in truth. X. 102. Eph. 5:9. 
 The fruit of the Spirit is in all goodness and righteousness and truth. 
 2 Cor. 1 : 12. In simplicity and godly sincerity we had our conversa- 
 tion in the world. XL 248. 
 
 Truth in the Life, i Kings 3 : 6. David walked before thee 
 in truth. 2 Kings 20 : 3. I have walked in truth. VII. 348. John 3 : 
 21. He that doeth truth cometh to the light. X. 91. Phil, i : 10. That 
 ye may be sincere, till the day of Jesus Christ. 2 Cor. 2:17. Of 
 sincerity, speak we in Christ, i John 3: 18. Let us not love in word 
 but in deed and in truth. XL 693. 
 
 Counsels and Instructions. 
 
 Josh. 24: 14. Serve Him in sincerity and truth. III. 152. i Kings 
 2:4. Walk before Me in truth. HI. 481. Zech. 8: 16, 19. Speak ye 
 the truth to neighbor. Love truth and peace. IX. 584. Prov. 3 : 3. 
 Let not truth forsake thee. VI. 249. Eph. 6: 13, 14. Take unto you 
 the whole armor of God ; having your loins girt about with truth. XL 
 443. It was the soldier's girdle or belt that held in place the rest of 
 his armor, and so braced him for the conflict. So truth in the heart 
 and life, truthfulness fibered in the character, girds the whole spir- 
 itual nature to encounter with temptation and evil. Truthfulness in- 
 grained in the nature binds together, holds firmly in place, and nerves 
 for toil and struggle all other gifts and graces of the Spirit with which 
 the believer is Divinely panoplied. 
 
 [It needs but a coarse, dull sense of right and wrong to abstain 
 from telling lies, while it belongs to a very sensitive, delicate con- 
 science to shun the numberless by-paths of false appearances and false 
 pretences which meet one on every side and are very pleasant to walk 
 in. The finish of the character, in regard to truthfulness, is one of 
 the noblest attainments of Christian manhood. T. D. Woolscy.^, 
 
 (3) UNWORLDLINESS. 
 
 Five Hebrew and Five Greek words are translated by the com- 
 mon term World. In the main they carry five distinct references: 
 
2 34 Unworldliness. 
 
 To the whole Creation. See Rom. 1:20, 24. Acts 17:24. God 
 that made the world. 
 
 To the earth as the sphere of man's abode. Matt. 24: 14. Acts 11 : 
 28. 
 
 To the age, or ages, of indefinite time — the Dispensations. i Cor. 
 10: II. Heb. 9: 26. 
 
 To all the inhabitants of the earth. Rom. i :8; 3: 19. i Cor. i 
 
 21. 
 
 Pre-eminently, to the Body of Unregenerate Men. 
 
 I John 5: 19. The whole world lieth in wickedness. John 7:7; 8 : 23 ; 
 12:29; 16:8; 17: 14, 16, 18, 21, 25. I Cor. I : 21; 3: 19. Eph. 2:2. 
 Col. 2:20. But the word Worldly, and the familiar (though not 
 scriptural) term Worldlincss, have also special references and appli- 
 cations of a moral character and bearing. 
 
 1. To the supreme objects desired and sought by worldly 
 or unregenerate men. i Cor. 7:33, 34. Careth for the things 
 that are of the world. Ps. 49 : 6. They that trust in their wealth. IV, 
 351-353- Isa. 5:11, 12. Ps. 17: 14, 15. Men of the world, whose por- 
 tion is in this life. IV. 129. 
 
 2. To the controlling spirit or temper of unregenerate 
 men, indicating their moral character as ungodly and evil. 
 John 3: 19. Men love darkness rather than light. John 15: 19. i Cor. 
 2:12. We have received, not the spirit of the world. Eph. 2:2, 3. 
 Aforetime ye walked according to the course of this world, according 
 to the prince of the power of the air, of the spirit that now worketh 
 in the children of disobedience, among whom we also all once lived 
 in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the 
 mind, i John 2: 16. All that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and 
 the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but 
 is of the world. 2 Cor. 4:4. The god of this world hath blinded the 
 minds of the unbelieving. XI. 357. 
 
 Injunctions and Counsels against Worldliness and 
 Worldly Living. 
 
 Rom. 12:2. Be not conformed (fashioned according) to this 
 world, but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind. XI. 256. 
 
Unworldliness. 2^s 
 
 257. 2 Cor. 6: 17. Come ye out from among them, and be ye separate, 
 saith the Lord, and touch no unclean thing; and I will receive you! 
 XL 369. I John 2: 15. Love not the world, neither the things that 
 are in the world. XL Titus 2: 12. Denying ungodliness and worldly 
 lusts, we should live soberly (referring to ourselves), righteously 
 (to our fellow-men), and godly (to God), in this present evil world. 
 XI- 547' 548- Ps. 62: 10. If riches increase, set not your heart upon 
 them. IV. 421. Eccl. 5: 18. VI. 474-478. i Tim. 6: 17. Charge them 
 that are rich in this present world, that they be not highminded, nor 
 have their hope set on the uncertainty of riches, but on God, who 
 giveth us richly all things to enjoy. XL 527. i Cor. 7:31. Use the 
 world as not abusing it (using it to excess) ; for the fashion of this 
 world passeth away. XL 302. James 1:27. Keep unspotted from 
 the world. XL 626. Prayer of the Psalmist, 119:37. Turn away 
 mine eyes from beholding vanity. V. 303. 
 
 [By nonconformity is meant not merely outward avoidance, but 
 imvard alienation. The ways of the world are to have no home in 
 the Christian's soul ; the deceits of the world are to bear no gratifica- 
 tion. Anon. Worldliness does not consist merely in distinct actb, 
 but it is the spirit of a whole life, which passes by all that is invisible, 
 real and eternal because it is devoted to the visible, the transient and 
 the unreal. F. W. Robertson.'] 
 
 Reasons for Non-Conformity to and Separation from 
 the Worldly. 
 
 Evanescence of e'arthly interests and pleasures. Ps. 49:6-17. IV. 
 349-353- Ps. 73 '■ 4-12, 16-20. V. 7-10. Worldly living fails to satisfy. 
 Isa. 55:2. Ye spend money for that which is not bread, and your 
 labor for that which satisfieth not. VIII. 301. Eccles. 2: 22, 23. What 
 hath man of all his labor, and of the vexation of his heart? For all 
 his days are sorrows. Eccles. i : 2. Vanity of vanities, saith the 
 Preacher, all is vanity. VI. Eccles. 6: 12. Who knoweth what is good 
 for man in this life, all the days of his vain life which he spendeth 
 as a shadow ? VI. Alliances with worldly men lead to hurt, and loss. 
 Illus. Jehoshaphat and Ahab. 2 Tim. 4: 10. Demas forsook me. hav- 
 ing loved this present world. XL 542. 2 Cor. 4 : 4. The god of this 
 world hath blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the 
 Gospel should not dawn upon them. XL 357. 2 Cor. 7: 10. The sor- 
 row of the world workelh death. XL 370-372. i Tim. 5 : 6. She that 
 giveth herself to pleasure is dead while she liveth. XL 520. 2 Pet. 
 I : 4. Corruption is in the world by lust. XL James 4 : 4. The friend- 
 ship of the world is enmity with God. XL 635. i John 2: 15. If any 
 
236 Watchfulness. 
 
 man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. XL 686, 
 687. 
 
 The Regenerated Believer Assured of Overcoming 
 Power. 
 
 T John 5:4, 5. Whosoever is begotten of God overcometh the 
 w^orld; and this is the victory that hath overcome the world, even our 
 faith. And who is he that hath overcome the world, but he that be- 
 lieveth that Jesus is the Son of God? XI. 
 
 The Assurance and Intercessory Prayer of Christ: 
 
 John 16:33. ^^ the world ye have tribulation: but be of good 
 cheer; I have overcome the world. X. 
 
 John 17: 15. I pray not that Thou shouldest take them from the 
 world, but that Thou shouldest keep them from the evil one. 
 
 (4) WATCHFULNESS. Associated in Scripture with 
 prayer, and conflict with temptations from within and without. It 
 includes and implies a habitual attitude of spiritual alertness. 
 
 It includes: i. A taking heed to moral and spiritual environ- 
 ments, noting especially exposures to harm and loss from inimical 
 forces within our own hearts and wills, from worldly allurements and 
 Satanic temptations. 2. A deep consciousness of spiritual danger and 
 damage impending from these foes within and without the soul. 3. A 
 profound sense of weakness, insufficiency and utter unreadiness to 
 meet and avert or resist these assaulting spiritual foes. 
 
 It implies also : i. A recognition of God's efficient interposition 
 and a conscious dependence upon His proffered help. 2. An actual 
 reliance upon His direction, guardianship and deliverance, and a 
 looking for and expectation of a blessed result, by reason of His cer- 
 tain and assuring promises. Hab. 2: i. I will stand upon my watch 
 CO see what He will speak. IX. 508. 
 
 Injunctions and Counsels. 
 
 Mark 13: 33 and Luke 21 : 36. Take heed, watch ye and pray al- 
 ways. X. 454-456. Matt. 26:41. Watch and pray, lest ye enter into 
 temptation. X. 513. i Cor. 16: 13. Watch ye, stand fast in the faith, 
 quit you like men. XL 344. i Thes. 5 : 6. Let us watch and be sober. 
 XL 495. Eph. 6: 18. Watching thereunto (unto prayer) with all per- 
 
Perseverance. 
 
 ■61 
 
 severance. Col. 4:2. Watch (in prayer) with thanksgiving. XI. 483. 
 I Thes. 5:6. XI. 495. I Pet. 4:7. Watch unto prayer. XI. 661, 662. 
 Rev. 3:2, 3. Be watchful and strengthen the things that remain. XI. 
 
 [/ say unto yon all, IVatch. The watching is not to be that of 
 anxious waiting, but of faithful doing. Men steeped in worldliness 
 are heedless of death and the judgment to come. They lose the 
 thought of consequences, and grow reckless and unscrupulous as to 
 the methods by which they gratify their desires. But the servant of 
 Christ holds everything in trust for his Lord, and uses time, talents, 
 means, life itself, for His glory. Such fidelity to trust shall be re- 
 warded, with confidence and honor from his Lord. /. P. Thompson.'] 
 
 Results of Watching. 
 
 Prov. 8 : 34. Blessed is the man that heareth Me, watching daily 
 at My gates. Luke 12 : 37. Blessed are those servants whom the Lord 
 when He cometh shall find watching. Rev. 16: 15. Blessed is he that 
 watcheth. XL 764. 
 
 Practical Considerations. 
 
 1. The watcher must not only look and pray for Divine guidance 
 and guardianship, but also for Divine girding in actual conflict, and 
 engage in every conflict with an assured expectation of a triumphant 
 issue. Illus. Neh. 4:9, 13-23. 
 
 2. The true order of these related duties is : Watch, Pray, Expect 
 and rely upon God for guidance and assistance. Then, in the name 
 of God, manfully resist. And this order is to be persistently main- 
 tained until the life-release from spiritual peril, temptation and con- 
 flict. Life-long vigilance is the condition of final rest and peace at 
 the entering- into the eternal life. 
 
 (5) PERSEVERANCE; STANDFASTNESS; STEAD- 
 FASTNESS. 
 
 Assured by God's pledges, and demanded of the believer. A Prac- 
 tical Theme of great breadth, of the deepest interest and moment. 
 
 Assurance in many forms. 
 
 I Sam. 2:9. The Lord will keep the feet of His saints. III. 251. 
 Ps. 16:8. I shall not be moved. IV. 120. Ps. 2>7 '■ ^Z^ 4- IV. 280, i. 
 Ps. 57:2. God performeth all things for me. IV. 400. Ps. y^: 23, 24. 
 
2 3 8 Perseverance. 
 
 Thou hast holden, shalt guide and receive me. V. ii. Ps. 121:7. 
 Shall keep diy soul. V. 363-368. Ps. 138:8. The Lord will perfect 
 that which concerneth me. V. 437, 8. Isa. 27:3. I, the Lord, will 
 keep it night and day. VIIL 132. Jer. 32:40. John 8:31, 32. X. 
 315. John 10:28, 29. No one shall snatch them out of My (the 
 Father's) hand. X. 341. Rom. 8:1,2,28-37. No condemnation, etc. 
 XL 232. 3. 240-243. I Cor. 10: 13. God will not suffer to be tempted 
 above that ye are able to bear. XL 308, 9. Phil, i : 6. He that hath 
 begun a good work in you will perfect it. XL 445, 6. 2 Thes. i : 11. 
 Will fulfill all. XL 499. 2 Tim. i : 12. He is able to guard that which 
 I have committed unto Him. XL 531. 2 Tim. 2: 19. The firm foun- 
 dation of God standeth. XL 534. 2 Tim. 4: 18. The Lord will de- 
 liver and save. XL 542. Heb. 12 : 2. Jesus, the author and perfecter 
 of our faith. XL 604. i Pet. i : 5. Guarded by the power of God 
 through faith. XL 646. i Pet. 5:10. God shall Himself perfect, 
 stabli.sh, strengthen you. XL 669. 2 Pet. 2:9. The Lord knoweth 
 how to deliver the godly out of temptation. Rom. 14:4. God able to 
 make him stand. Jude 24. Able to guard you from stumbling, i Cor. 
 I : 8. Who shall confirm you to the end, that ye be unreprovable in 
 the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. XL 279. 2 Cor. i : 10. Who de- 
 livered us, and doth deliver; in whom we trust that He will also still 
 deliver us. XL 347. Eph. 1:4, 5, 13. In whom, having believed, ye 
 were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise, which is an earnest of 
 our inheritance. XL 415-417. Phil. 3: 12. I press on that I may ap- 
 prehend that for which I was apprehended (grasped) by Christ Jesus. 
 XL 459. I Thes. 3: 13. To the end He may establish your hearts 
 unblamable in holiness before our God and Father. 2 Thes. 3: 3. The 
 Lord is faithful, who shall stablish you, and guard you from the evil 
 one. I John 2 : 27. The anointing which ye received of Him abideth 
 in you. i John 3:9. Whosoever is begotten of God doeth no sin, 
 because His seed abideth in him. XL 692. Ps. 119: 117. Hold Thou 
 me up, and I shall be safe. V. 337. Luke 22 : 32. T have prayed for 
 thee that thy faith fail not. i Pet. 5 : 10, 12. The God of all grace 
 shall Himself perfect, stablish, strengthen you. XL 669. Job 17:9. 
 Shall wax stronger and stronger. VL 103, 4. 
 
 Steadfastness Demanded of the Believer. 
 
 I Cor. 15:58. Wherefore, be ye steadfast, unmovable, always 
 abounding in the work of the Lord, forasmuch as ye know that your 
 labor is not in vain in the Lord. XL 341. i Cor. 16: 13. Watch ye, 
 .stand fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong. XL 344. 2 Cor. 
 1 : 24. By faith ye stand. XL 350. Gal. 5:1. With freedom did Christ 
 
Perseverance. 239 
 
 set us free; stand fast therefore. XI. 404. Eph. 4: 14. Be no longer 
 children, tossed to and fro and carried about with every wind of 
 doctrine. XL 429. Eph. 6: 10-18. Be strong in the Lord, and in the 
 strength of His might. Put on the whole armor of God, that ye may 
 be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. That ye may be 
 able to withstand in the evil day, and, having done all, to stand. 
 XL 443. Phil. 1 : 27. Stand fast in one spirit, with one soul striving 
 for the faith of the Gospel. XL 449. Phil. 4: i. Stand fast in the 
 Lord. Phil. 2: 12. Work out your own salvation with fear and trem- 
 bling, for it is God which worketh in you both to will and to work. XL 
 453. Col. 1 : 23. Continue in the faith, grounded and steadfast. Col. 
 4: 12. -That ye may stand perfect and fully assured in all the will of 
 God. I Thes. 3:8. We live if ye stand fast in the Lord. XL 488. 
 2 Thes. 2:15. Stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye were 
 taught. XL 402. Epistle to the Hebrews a continuous plea for 
 steadfastness and perseverance, based upon the salvation wrought by 
 the Son of God, as Mediator, Sacrifice, Saviour from Sin, and Wel- 
 coming Sovereign in the Heavenly Gathering. Notably, chapters 3, 
 4, 6, 10-13. XL 574-6, 609. I Pet. 5 : 8, 9. Be sober, be watchful : your 
 adversary the devil walketh about; whom withstand steadfast in your 
 faith. XL 668. 2 Pet. 1:4-11. Precious and exceeding great prom- 
 ises, that through these ye may become partakers of the Divine nature, 
 having escaped the corruption that is in the world by lust. For this 
 cause adding on your part all diligence, in your faith supply virtue, 
 etc. ... Give the more diligence to make your calling and elec- 
 tion sure; for if ye do these things ye shall never stumble. XL 670- 
 672. Also read XL 6f)i, last paragraph. 
 
 As life, in its every form, finds its only definition and evidence 
 in energy and movement, advance and progress, so pre-eminently 
 spiritual life is disclosed by its unceasing energy and fruitfulness, by 
 the unremitting exercise of every faculty in its appropriate spiritual 
 work. The normal condition of Christian Being and Living is found 
 in the persisten.t aim and efifort to realize a higher degree of Christ- 
 likeness in spirit and daily doing, by a closer walking with, looking 
 unto, and resting upon Christ. 
 
 The New Testament exhortations to steadfastness and endurance 
 to the end find abundant and emphatic illustration in all the better 
 men and women of the Old Testament History, alike in the times of 
 Patriarchs, of the Exodus and Wanderings, of Judges, Kings and 
 Prophets. A main and vital purpose of the detailed personal histories 
 is to inculcate the lesson needed by all in all time, that the only ful- 
 filled and compensated life is that which holds on unwaveringly in 
 
240 Self-Examination. 
 
 the way of obedience and trust, of humility and truth, of submission 
 to Divine ordering, and of unswerving fidelity in all appointed service, 
 unto the end of the testing period. 
 
 God's Part and Man's Part in this momentous matter of Stead- 
 fastness or Perseverance find still further and larger exposition and 
 illustration in the passages cited upon pages 137-139, under Agency, 
 Divine and Human. Than this Theme of Agency, none other is of 
 greater practical moment, and none demands more careful and fre- 
 quent consideration and regard. Both Themes, Agency and Perse- 
 verance, are based upon the same facts of demanded human action 
 and Assured Divine co-operation. 
 
 [We hold out because Christ holds us. It is not our grip on 
 Him that counts, but His grip on us. " We stand by faith,'' but it is 
 in Him. He is able " exceedingly abundantly " to make us stand. 
 And we go on in Him and grow in Him. In Christ the Christian 
 is always mightier than even his most extravagantly sanguine thought. 
 His deeds beat his hopes, because, beyond his sight, Christ puts the 
 pith of efficiency in those deeds. Always "above all" that the be- 
 liever " asks or thinks " is Christ able. W. J. Skillman.'] 
 
 As practically helpful to these Heart Exercises we briefly refer 
 to the Scriptural call for 
 
 SELF-EXAMINATION. 
 
 Texts for thoughtful study: 2 Cor. 13:5. Examine yourselves 
 whether ye be in the faith ; prove your own selves. XL 388-390. Gal. 
 6:4. Let each man prove (test) his own work. XL 410. Lam. 3:40. 
 Let us search and try our ways. VIII. 612. Ps. 26:2. Examine me 
 and prove me. IV. 201. Ps. 77:6. I communed with my own heart; 
 my spirit made diligent search. V. 34. Ps. 139:23, 24. Search me 
 and try me, and see if there be any evil way in me. V. 449-452. Prov. 
 4:25. VI. 271. XL 724. In these passages it is to be noted that the 
 examination respects not the feeling, but the " faith," the " work," and 
 the " zvay," or the radical convictions of truth and duty, and their 
 effect in the life. 
 
 The natural order of the mind's action in a genuine religious 
 experience is: i. Actual and profound consideration by the intellect 
 or reason of the revealed truths and facts which relate to and vitally 
 affect the present and eternal well-being of the soul. 2. Knozvlcdge 
 of these truths wakens and excites the appropriate feeling in view of 
 their personal bearings and effects. 3. Knowledge thus disclosed and 
 feeling thus awakened act together in stirring the will and moving 
 it to corresponding action. In accord with this natural action of the 
 
Worship. 241 
 
 mind, a careful study of the above texts shows that the sphere of 
 right and helpful self-examination does not lie so much in the region 
 of feeling as of convictions, choices and actions. Conduct, not feel- 
 ing, is to be examined ; grounds, motives, qualities and tendencies 
 of action, not their mere accompanying emotions or frames of feeling. 
 The essential point of self-searching is not so much the reality or 
 measure of love to God and man as the character of the life-ruling 
 conz'ictions, as well as affections and the choices, as these convictions 
 and choices are realized in the actual ordering of the life, whether 
 these accord with the disclosures and demands of Christ respecting 
 personal salvation and duty. These deeper, more radical matters of 
 knowledge and faith, of heart choice and pursuit, present the true 
 sphere of wise, healthful and effective self-examination. 
 
 Paul nowhere speaks of feeling in connection with questions of 
 spiritual experience. He says, " I knozv whom I have bclicz'ed." XI. 
 531. " This one thing I do, forgetting the things which are behind 
 and stretching forward to the things that are before, I press on." He 
 prays for heart-enlightenment. Eph. 1:17, 18. "That God may give 
 you a spirit of wisdom and revelation in the knowledge of Christ; 
 having the eyes of your heart enlightened, that ye may knozv the hope 
 of His calling," etc. And John, the apostle of love, lays the same 
 superior emphasis upon knowledge and faith in his references to 
 spiritual experience. " We knozv," he says, " and have hcliez'cd the 
 love that God hath to us." XI. 697. Again he says, i John 3: 18, 19. 
 "Let us not love in word or tongue, but in deed and truth." XI. 693. 
 And these words of PauI and John furnish, in their thorough study, 
 a large basis for helpful self-examination. 
 
 2. WORSHIP. 
 
 Primal, Essential, and Eternal Elements characteriz- 
 ing the worship of pure spirits, angels, and redeemed 
 men, in heaven and on earth. 
 
 Separable into four particulars: 
 
 1. The Offering to God of PRAISE, for all that He is, 
 in Being, Character, and Working; the reverent ascription of 
 
 Adoring Homage for His original, illimitable, all-creative, all-control- 
 ling and ineffably glorious Being; ever possessing and exercising an 
 16 
 
242 Worship-Praise. 
 
 Infinite Majesty, Might, Wisdom, Holiness, Justice, Truth and Love. 
 Ps. 96: 1-9. V. 148-152. Ps. Ill: 1-3. V. 243. Isa. 6: 1-3. VIII. 40- 
 42. Rev. 7:9-12. XI. 746, 7. 
 
 To Praise is to Declare Blessed and Glorious, or to Glorify. 
 For redeemed Men 
 
 God is to be Praised with Mind and Heart. Ps. 47:6. Sing 
 praises with understanding. IV. 340. Ps. 96: 4. Greatly to be praised. 
 Deut. 10:21. He is thy praise and thy God. Ps. 103. All that is 
 within me bless. V. 180. Ps. 9: i. With my whole heart. IV. 87. 
 
 With the Voice in Ascription and Thanksgiving, in Prayer 
 and Song. Ps. 96:2. Sing forth from day to day. V. 149. Ps. 105: 
 
 2. Sing psalms unto Him. Ps. 100:4. Ps. 57:7. I will sing praises. 
 
 IV. 401, 2. Ps. 34:1. Praise continually in my mouth. Ps. 51:15. 
 Ps. 63:3, 5. IV. 428-430. Isa. 51:11. VIII. 269. Col. 3:16. With 
 psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your 
 hearts. XI. 480. Illiis. Christ and His apostles. Matt. 26:30. 
 
 All should praise, every day, at all times and in all experi- 
 ences, while life lasts and forevermore. Ps. 67: 3, 5. Let all the 
 
 peoples praise Thee. IV. 450, 451. Ps. 145:2. Every day will I bless 
 Thee. V. 472. Ps. 35:28. IV. 261. Ps. 92:2. V. 126. Ps. 34: i. At 
 all times. Isa. 61:3. Garment of praise for heaviness. Acts 16:25. 
 Paul and Silas sang praises to God. XL 116. Ps. 113: 3. V. 255. Ps. 
 104:33. I will sing praise as long as I live, while I have any being. 
 
 V. 201. Isa. 51. Come with singing unto Zion. VIII. 269. Ps. 86: 
 12. V. 84. Its value shown: 2 Chron. 20: 22-30. VII. 295, 6. 2 Chron. 
 29:27. VII. 339. 
 
 Praise is good, fitting to the upright and the grateful. Ps. 
 
 147: I. Good, pleasant, comely. V. 485. Ps. 33: i. IV. 247. Ps. 135. 
 
 3. V. 422. 
 
 God is Praised by all His Works. Ps. 19: 1-4. Heavens de- 
 clare the glory of God. IV. 147, 8. Ps. 103:21, 22. All His works 
 in all places. V. 187. Ps. 104: 35. V. 202-205. By the heavenly Host. 
 Luke 2: 13. Rev. 5:9. XL 741, 747. 
 
 Hence the Impassioned Call to Praise. Ps. 103:20-22. V. 
 186. Ps. 135:19-21. V. 425. Ps. 145:21. All flesh bless His holy 
 name forever. Ps. 146: i, 2. V. 479-483. Ps. 148: 1-14. V. 492-496. 
 Ps. 150:1-6. V. 500-502. 
 
Thanksgiving-Service, 243 
 
 2, The Offering of Thanksgiving for all that He has done 
 
 in behalf of created spirits; for His Love in Creating, His Goodness 
 in Preserving and Providing, and His Grace in Redeeming and Eter- 
 nally Saving Men. Ps. 100:4. V. 168. 
 
 Praise and Thanksgiving. 
 
 In its highest and truest significance, Praise is the instinctive out- 
 burst of adoring worship that rises from a pure creature spirit at the 
 knowledge and vision of an Infinite, Self-existent, All-Creative and 
 Sovereignly Ruling God, a God of Holiness, Justice, Goodness and 
 Truth. It occupies a higher vantage-ground than Thanksgiving, 
 since it represents only the soul's reverent homage and appreciative 
 adoration for God in Himself, as He is in Ilis eternal, glorious, per- 
 fect and blessed Being, utterly without thought of the good He be- 
 stows upon the worshiping recipient creature. The offering of Praise, 
 therefore, is the one spontaneous act of the human soul, unaffected 
 by promise of good and uninfluenced by expectation of return for 
 service. As thus unmixed with any thought of self, Praise is the 
 highest expression of honor to God, and it brings the purest and 
 loftiest element into the soul's communion with God. In both Testa- 
 ments it is characterized as an' " offering " or "sacrifice" by which 
 God is glorified. Ps. 50: 14, 2},. IV. 359-362. Heb. 13: 15. XI. 615. 
 
 Joined with the tenderer and sweeter note of Thanksgiving for 
 ineffable and unlimited " goodness and mercy," Praise is the one re- 
 vealed employment of t^ie sinless and redeemed hosts in the Heavenly 
 Presence. Rev. chapters 5, 7, 14. Of all high privileges and impera- 
 tive obligations, it would seem that this supreme privilege is least 
 appreciated, this vital duty least regarded by many true believers, to 
 their lack of spiritual energy, comfort, fruitfulness and joy. 
 
 3. The Offering of Glad and Loving Service, iieb. 12: 
 
 28. Let us have grace whereby we may oft'er service well pleasing to 
 God. XI. 612. Rom. 12: i. Present your bodies a living sacrifice, 
 holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service. XI. 256, 7. 
 Rev. 22:3. His servants shall serve Him. XL 781. 
 
 These three particulars — Praise, Thanksgiving afid Service — 
 belong to Worship both in heaven and on earth. For elements of 
 
244 Prayer. 
 
 earthly ivorship befitting the consciously sinful and responsible 
 human spirit, lue refer to the fourth and final particular : 
 
 4. PRAYER. Call; Cry; Supplication. 
 
 Comprehensively, Communion with God. 
 
 Essentially, Prayer is the glad, grateful and heartfelt response 
 of the believer to God's proffer to meet and commune with Him. In 
 this, as in all that transpires between God and man, it is God who 
 takes the initiative and invites the outpouring of all that is in the 
 heart into His sympathizing ear. Clear and impressive texts assure 
 us upon these points. Ex. 25 : 22. I will meet with thee, and I will 
 commune with thee from above the Mercy-seat, from between the two 
 cherubim. H. 300. Ps. 62 : S. Trust in Him at all times ; pour out 
 (empty) your heart before Him. IV. 418. 9. Ps. 42:4, 8. I pour out 
 my soul. IV. 313, 316. In public or private, the communing soul 
 must feel and be alone with God. Matt. 6:6. Pray in secret. X. 156. 
 The sole condition of hearing and response is a truthful heart in 
 asking. John 4:23, 24. They that worship must worship Him in 
 spirit and in truth. X. 102. Jer. 29: 12, 13. Search for Me with all 
 your heart. VIII. 529. Ps. 57 : 7. My heart is fixed. IV. 402. Ps. 37 : 4. 
 He will give thee the requests of thy heart. IV. 274. Ps. 66: 18. If I 
 regard iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear me. IV. 445. Ps. 
 145:18. Call upon Him in truth. V. 476. 2 Tim. .2:22. Call upon 
 the Lord out of a pure heart. In the beauty of holiness. Ps. 29:2. 
 IV. 217, 220-223. Illiis. 2 Chron. 30:18. VII. 341. Definition, by 
 H. More. IV. 436. 
 
 [Our necessities and our desires derive their force as pleas from 
 God's own character. The one prevalent plea with God is the faith- 
 ful recounting of all that grace and pity which He is and has exer- 
 cised. " For Thou, Lord, art good, and ready to forgive ; and plen- 
 teous in mercy unto all them that call upon Thee." Our need is the 
 occasion; our faith and desire the channel; but Himself is the ground 
 of all our hope; Himself is the reason as Himself is the source of all 
 our deliverance and all our salvation. Maclaren.'] 
 
 Name and Mediation of Christ, the basis of access to 
 God, and the ground of faith, boldness and hope in prayer. 
 
 Ask in My Name. John 14:6, 13, 14. X. 481-483. John 16:24, 
 26. X. 502, 3. I Tim. 2 : 5. One Mediator between God and man, the 
 Man Christ Jesus. XI. 510. Eph. 2:18. Through Him (Christ) we 
 
Prayer. 245 
 
 have access to the Father. XI. 422. Heb. 13: 15. Through Him ofifcr 
 sacrifice of praise continually, the fruits of lips which make confes- 
 sion to His Name. XL 615. Rom. 8:34. Makcth intercession for us. 
 XI. 242. Heb. 7:25. Ever liveth to make intercession. XI. 580. Eph. 
 3 : 12. In whom we have boldness and access in confidence through 
 our faith in Him. Heb. 5 : 14, 16. Having a great High Priest, Jesus 
 the Son of God, let us draw near with boldness unto the throne of 
 grace, that we may find grace to help us in time of need. XI. 569-571. 
 
 The Holy Spirit Inspirer and Helper in Prayer. 
 
 Jude 20. Praying in the Holy Spirit. XI. 710. Eph. 2: 18. We 
 have acce.'55 by one Spirit to the Father. XI. 422. Rom. 8:26. The 
 Spirit helpeth our infirmity; for we know not how to pray as we 
 ought. XI. 239. Zcch. 12:10. I will pour the Spirit of grace and 
 of supplications. IX. 603. Eph. 6: 18. Praying in the Spirit. XI. 
 444. Ps. 80: 18. Quicken us and we will call. 
 
 Normal Attitude and Action of the Soul in Prayer 
 with Reference to the Persons of the Trinity. 
 
 This is definitely declared in Eph. 2:18. For through Him 
 (Christ) we have our access by (or in) one Spirit unto the Father. 
 XI. 422. As fully shown, in the two preceding paragraphs, Christ's 
 Name and Mediation constitute the basis of access, and the Holy 
 Spirit is our efficient Inspirer and Helper in thought, feeling and 
 expression. Christ reveals the Father and is the Advocate' and Inter- 
 cessor with the Father. . The Holy Spirit reveals Christ in His medi- 
 ating and saving offices, shows to us all our needs supplied in Him, 
 and thus illumines, inspires and aids our utterance in prayer. Thus 
 in our intelligent, heartfelt and acceptable praying, we listen for the 
 voice, we heed the leading and accept the influence of the Spirit, we 
 plead the name and the meritorious work of Christ, and we ask the 
 Father. 
 
 Yet we are privileged to address our prayer alike to the Father, 
 to the Lord Jesus Christ and to the Holy Spirit, according to the 
 natural play of our thought or feeling respecting the things desired, 
 and the special relation of the Three Persons to particular objects of 
 aspiration or need. But even in such specific form of address, no 
 thought of severance should be allowed. Read X. 589, 590. 
 
 Constituents or Parts of Prayer. 
 
 (i) Praise, including Ascriptions of Honor, Holiness, Majesty, 
 Might, Blessing and Glory, and Expressions of Adoration, Homage, 
 
246 Prayer. 
 
 Reverence and Devotion. All these are commanded and illustrated 
 in the Psalms, in the recorded prayers of the Old and New Testament, 
 and in the celestial pictures of the Apocalypse. 
 
 (2) Thanksgiving. This too is repeatedly demanded and ex- 
 pressed by Psalmists, Prophets and Leaders in the O. T., and com- 
 mended in the New. Phil. 4:6. In everything with thanksgiving let 
 your requests be made known unto God. XI. 463. i Thes. 5 : 17. In 
 every thing give thanks. XI. 406. Col. 3: 15, 17. And be ye thankful. 
 XL 479. Eph. 5 : 20. Giving thanks always for all things. XL 438. 
 Col. 2:7. Abounding in thanksgiving. Ps. 100:4. Be thankful unto 
 Him. V. 168. Ps. 50 : 14. Offer unto God thanksgiving. IV. 359. 
 
 (3) Penitent Confession, i John 1:9. If we confess our sins, 
 God is faithful to forgive. XL 683. Prov. 28: 13. VI. 413. Ps. 32: 5. 
 I said, I will confess my transgressions, and Thou forgavest. IV. 241. 
 Ps. 51. IV. 363-371. Isa. 6:5. VIII. 44. 
 
 (4) Supplication (Asking, Entreaty), including Interces- 
 sion. This is the chief constituent of Prayer. In O. T. God says. 
 Call upon Me. Ps. 50:15. IV. 359. Ps. 91:15. V. 123. Ps. 105: 
 I, 4. Seek His face evermore. V. 207. Isa. 65:24. VIII. 380. Jer. 
 33:3. Call unto Me, and I will answer thee. VIII. 553. Zech. 10: i. 
 IX. 593. Matt, y."], 8. Ask, and it shall be given you ; for every one 
 that asketh receiveth. X. 166. i Tim. 2: i, 2. I exhort that supplica- 
 tions, intercessions be made for all. XL 510. 
 
 Responsive to and more fully interpreting these Constituents of 
 Prayer, we note the 
 
 Attitude and Spirit of the Accepted Suppliant, sug- 
 gesting' the Conditions of Acceptable Prayer. 
 
 Reverent Praiseful Recognition of God's Greatness and 
 
 Majesty, His Holiness and Justice, His Love and Truth. Ps. 
 
 89 : 7, 8. V. 96. Ps. 95 : 3, 6. V. 141. Ps. 96 : 8, 9. V. 151, 2. Ps. 99 : 
 
 5, 9. V. 162, 3. Ps. 108: 4, 5. V. 224. Ps. 111:9. V. 245. 
 
 [There is beauty in reverence, there is joy in reverence, there is 
 an uplifting and ennobling power in reverence. He who is reverent, 
 and who gives reverence wherever it is due, shows more of the likeness 
 and grows more in the likeness of Him who has commanded reverence 
 as a duty, and to whom is due the supremest duty of reverence. Only 
 in a reverent attitude is there the possibility of progress in the line of 
 
Prayer. 247 
 
 God's plans and God's providences; for at the best we cannot fully 
 know God, and we must give reverent trust beyond our sphere of 
 knowledge and of sight. H. C. Trumbull.'] 
 
 Thankfulness for Providential Goodness and Pardoning 
 Mercy. Ps. 103: 1-13. V. 180-183. Ps. 107. V. 216-223. Ps. 121 : 1-4- 
 V. 363-368. Ps. 139: 10. V. 445. Ps. 145. V. 471-478- Ps. 147: 7-"- 
 V. 486-488. I Chron. 29: 11-13. 
 
 [It is fit we should begin and end the day with His praise, who 
 begins and ends it with His mercy. As thou wouldst have God pros- 
 per thy labor in the day, and sweeten thy rest in the night, clasp them 
 both together in thy morning and evening devotions. Gurnall.'] 
 
 Feeling of Dependence and Need, with penitent Sense of 
 Unworthiness and Sin. Ps. 5i:i7- Sacrifices of God a broken 
 and contrite heart. IV. 374. Ps. 86:1. Answer me, for I am poor 
 and needy. V. 80. Ps. 102: 17. V. 178. Ps. 130: 3. V. 400. Luke 18: 
 13. God be merciful to me, the sinner. X. 384. 2 Cor. 3: 5. Not suffi- 
 cient of ourselves to think anything. XI. 353. 
 
 Humble Submission and Obedient Self-surrender. Ps. 
 119:94. I am thine, serve me. V. 325, 6. Ps. 119: 146. V. 349. Ps. 
 119: 176. I have gone astray; seek Thy servant. V. 357. Job 34:32. 
 I will do iniquity no more. VI. 181. Illus. Jacob. Gen. 32:9-12. I. 
 465. Job 42 : 5, 6. VI. 220. Isa. 6:5-8. VIII. 43, 44- Prodigal. Luke 
 15: 17-21. X. 370. Also I John 3:22. We receive because we keep 
 His commandments. XI. 694. 
 
 Heart-Trust in Christ, and Assured Reliance on the Prom- 
 ises of God to Hear and Answer. Matt. 9: 29. According to your 
 faith be it unto you. X. 230. Mark 11:24. AH things ye ask in 
 prayer, believing, ye shall receive. X. 416. John 14: 14. X. 483. Heb. 
 11:6. He that cometh to God must believe that He is, and that He 
 is a rewarder of them t-hat seek after Him. XI. 597, 8. James 1:6. 
 Ask in faith, nothing doubting. XI. 620. Illus. Joash. VII. 238, 242. 
 
 Patient Expectation, and Hopeful, Assured Waiting upon 
 God's Time and Way of Answer. Micah 7:7. I wait, my God 
 will hear. IX. 489. Ps. .123:2. Our eyes look unto God, until He 
 have mercy. V. 373. Many Psalms. 27: 14. IV. 211, 212. 37: 7. IV. 
 276. 39:7. 40:1. IV. 297. 52:9. 136:5. V. 402, 3. 119:10. V. 
 290. 
 
248 Prayer. 
 
 Pure Hands, a Whole, True Heart, an Abiding in Christ, 
 and a Christ-serving Life. Lam. 3:41. Lift our hearts with our 
 hands. IX. 612. i Tim. 2:8. Lifting up holy hands. XL 511. Ps. 
 119: 145. Called with my whole heart. V. 349. Ps. 145: 18. To all 
 that call upon Him in truth. V. 476. John 4 : 24. Must worship Him. 
 in spirit and in truth. X. 102. Heb. 10:22. Draw near with true 
 heart. XL 593, 703. John 15 : 7. If ye abide in Me, and My words 
 abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will. X. 491. John 15:16. Ye 
 should bring forth fruit, that whatsoever ye ask. X. 494. Heb. 12 ; 
 28. James 5: 16. The supplication of a righteous man availeth much. 
 XL 642. I John 3 : 20. We receive because we do those things that 
 are pleasing in His sight. XL 694. 
 
 Hindered and Rejected Prayers. Causes and Effects. 
 
 Job 15:4. Thou doest away with fear and restrainest devotion 
 before God. VI. 95. Job 21 : 15. What profit if we pray. VI. 121-123. 
 Job 35 : 13. God will not hear vanity. VI. 184. Ps. 66: 18. If I regard 
 iniquity in my heart, the Lord will not hear. IV. 445, 6. Isa. 59:2. 
 Your sins have hid His face from you, that He will not hear. VIII. 
 340. Matt. 6:7. Vain repetitions. X. 156. James 4:3. Ye ask and 
 receive not because ye ask amiss, that ye may, etc. XL 635. i Pet. 
 3:7. XL 658. I Tim. 2:8. Without wrath and doubting. XL 511. 
 Prov. 15:8. Of the wicked is an abomination to the Lord. VI. 332. 
 Christ's refusals : The ambition of James and John. Mark 10 : 35. 
 Vengeance. Luke 9 : 54. Acts i : 8. 
 
 Other Conditions or Limitations to Favorable Response. 
 
 Requests must be in harmony with His gracious will and contributory 
 to His glory. i John 5 : 14. If we ask anything according to His will, 
 He heareth us. John 14: 13. That the Father may be glorified. 
 
 Must come from a loyal and obedient, forgiving and loving, and an 
 unselfish, heart and life. John 15:7. If ye abide in Me, and My words 
 abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you. 
 Matt. 6:15. If ye forgive not men their trespasses, your heavenly 
 Father will not forgive you. James 4:3. Ye receive not because ye 
 ask amiss, that ye may spend in your pleasures, i Pet. 3 : 7. That 
 your prayers be not hindered. 
 
 Answers withheld for lack of asking. Job 15 : 4. Restraining prayer. 
 VI. 95, 6. James 4: 2. Ye have not because ye ask not. Mai. 3: 10. 
 Prove Me now herewith if I will not pour you out a blessing. IX. 
 
Prayer. 249 
 
 643, 644. Ezek. 36:37. I will be inquired of to do it. IX. 158-160. 
 Two foundation texts of missions. VII. 203. (Liddon.) VII. 238, 9. 
 
 God the Hearer and Answerer of Prayer, including 
 many inspiring and strengthening promises. 
 
 Ps. 10:17. Heard the desire. IV. 95. Ps. 18; 6. IV. 138. Ps. 
 37: 4. He will give thee the requests of thy heart. IV. 274. Ps. 65 : 2. 
 Thou that hearest prayer. IV. 436, 252. Ps. 66: 19, 20. God hath 
 heard. IV. 446, 447. Ps. 91 : 15. He shall call and I will answer. V. 
 123. Prov. 15:29. Heareth the prayer of the righteous. VI. 334. 
 Isa. 45:, 19. I said not. Seek ye Me in vain. VIII. 238, 9. Isa. 65: 24. 
 Before they call, I will answer; and while they are yet speaking, I 
 will hear. VIII. 380. Illus. Dan. 9:21. Jer. 29:12, 13. Ye shall 
 pray and I will hearken. VIII. 528, 9. Jer. 33:2. 3. VIII. 552, 3. 
 Lam. 3: 40, 41. VIII. 612. Matt. 7:11. Much more shall your Father 
 give good things to them that ask Him. X. 166. Luke 11 : 13. X. 328. 
 Eph. 3 : 20. To do exceeding abundantly above all we ask or think. 
 XL 426. Illiis. Ex. 2:23-25. I. 582. Ps. 40:1. IV. 296. Ps. 116: 
 I, 2. V. 265. The only limitation, i John 5: 14. Jas. 5: 16. Strenuous, 
 fervent prayer availeth much. XI. 642. 
 
 His Command and Invitation to Pray, including other 
 great and precious promises. 
 
 Isa. 27: 5. Let him lay hold of My strength. VTII. 133. Jer. 33: 
 3. Call and I will answer, and show thee great things. VIII. 553. 
 Ps. 81: 10. Open thy rnouth wide, and I will fill it. V. 55-57. Zech. 
 10: I. IX. 593. I Kings 3:5. Ask what I shall give thee. III. 514- 
 518. Matt, y.y, 8. X. 165, 6. James 4:8. Draw nigh to God, and 
 He will draw nigh to you. XI. 635, 637. i Thes. 5: 17. Pray without 
 ceasing. XL 496. 
 
 God Desires our Habitual and Unceasing Communion 
 with Him. 
 
 I Thes. 5:17. Pray without ceasing. XL 496. Eph. 6:18. 
 Praying at all seasons. XL 444. Col. 4:2. Continue steadfastly 
 in prayer. XL 483. Rom. 12: 12. Continuing steadfastly in prayer. 
 XL 261. Luke 18:1. Men ought always to pray. X. 383. Christ's 
 example. X. 122-245. See also Dan. 6: 10. IX. 265. Communion with 
 God should touch every changing experience. As in genuine human 
 fellowship, thought and feeling elicited by recurring events spring to 
 natural expression, so should it be with our fellowship with God, only 
 
250 Prayer. 
 
 freer and fuller, as God is nearer, more sympathetic and responsive. 
 Hence, the Psalmist's fervent conclusion (Ps. 73:28): "It is good 
 for me to draw near to God." IV. 14: 16. Also see Ps. 55: 17. IV. 
 389. Ejaculatory prayer. Neh. 2 : 4. I prayed to the God of heaven. 
 VII. 533, 4. Jas. 4:8. XI. 635, 7. (A. R.) IUhs. VII. 174-176. 
 
 [What w^e all need to learn more is how to walk with God hour 
 by hour as a man with his friend; not so much to be continually going 
 in and out of His presence as to be always living in it, without effort 
 thinking of, consulting and obeying Him. Bp. Thorold. And, it may 
 be added, in every changing experience of comfort or trial spontane- 
 ously pouring out our gratitude or our needs into His heart of in- 
 finite sympathy and love. 
 
 Communion with Christ is the best proof of Christ's existence 
 and Christ's love. It is in the power of prayer to realize Christ, to 
 bring Him near, to make you feel Plis life stirring within you. Let 
 but a man live with Christ, anxious to have his own life destroyed 
 and Christ's life established in its place, losing himself in Christ, that 
 man will have all his misgivings silenced. He who works and feds 
 he works — he who prays and knozvs he prays — has got the secret of 
 transforming life-failure into victory. F. W. Robertson. 
 
 Oh, how wonderful is the blessedness of those who have learned 
 the secret of a devout life ! Partakers of the Divine nature, they 
 partake the Divine bliss. They are one with God. He Himself finds 
 delight in their childlike trust and their reverential love. And the soul 
 that dwells with God is already in possession of a victorious strength, 
 a celestial peace and Divine delight. R. IV. Dale.'] 
 
 Importunate boldness and impassioned energy com- 
 mended by word and example. 
 
 Ps. 50: 15. Call and I will deliver. IV. 360. Ps. 55:22. Cast thy 
 burden upon the Lord. IV. 391. Heb. 4: 16. Come boldly unto the 
 throne of grace. James 5: 16. The energetic (working) prayer of a 
 righteous man availeth much. XI. 642. Job 21 : 15. VI. 121, 2. Matt. 
 7:7. Ask, seek, knock. X. 165, 328. Luke 18: 1-8. X. 383, 4. Ps. 5: 
 
 I, 2. IV. 64. (Also last notes of Ps. VI.) Ps. 18: 6. I cried. IV. 138. 
 Hos. 12:3, 4. IX. 371. Dan. 2: 17, 18. IX. 230. Luke 11:5. 
 
 Subjects of Prayer, suggested directly and indirectly. 
 Moses' Great Petition. Ex. 33: 19. II. 261-266. His intercession. 
 
 II. 551, 2. Wisdom and Knowledge. 2 Chron. 1:10. III. 517, 8. 
 Blessing of God (Jacob). Gen. 32:26-28. I. 468. IX. 370-372. For 
 
Prayer. 251 
 
 the Church: Its Peace. Ps. 122:6. V. 370. //? increase. Isa. 62: y. 
 
 VIII. 360. Ezek. 36:37. IX. 158-160. Its reviving. Heb. 3:2. IX. 
 516. Increase of its niinisters. Matt. 9:38. Pray ye the Lord of the 
 harvest that He would send laborers. (Only specific subject referred 
 to by Christ.) For all men, kings, etc. i Tim. 2: i. XI. 510. For 
 persecutors. Matt. 5 : 44. Against temptation. Matt. 26:41. For wis- 
 dom in the life. Job 34:32. VI. 181. James 1:6. XL 620. One for 
 another. James 5 : 16. XL 639, 642. For the preacher and the Word. 
 2 Thes. 3:1. For correction. Jer. 10:24. O Lord, correct me, buL 
 with judgment. VIII. 447. Indirectly. Ps. 102: 17. He hath regarded 
 the prayer of the destitute. V. 176. James 5: 15. The prayer of faith 
 shall save him that is sick. XL 641. Many more subjects and sug- 
 gested teachings found in the 
 
 Prayers Recorded in the Bible. 
 
 Prayers of the Old Testament. Abraham for Sodom. Gen. 
 18:23-33. I- 356, 7- Jacob's confession and prayer at Mahanaim. 
 Gen. 32:9-12. I. 464-467. Jacob wrestling at Peniel. Gen. 32:24-32. 
 I. 468-472. Hosea 12:3, 4. IX. 371, 2. Job 42:4-7. In Ezek. 14: 
 14, associated vvith Xoah and Daniel, as men of prayer. Moses : At 
 Rephidim. Ex. 17. II. 91, 94. Intercession after the Golden Calf. Ex. 
 32:11-14. II. 248-250. Second Intercession. Ex. 32:31, 32. II. 245. 
 Third Intercession. Ex. 33:11-18. II. 258, 9. Fourth Intercession. 
 Ex. 34:9. 11. 267. His Great Petition, " Show me Thy glory,'' and 
 its Answer. Ex. 33: 19; 34:5-9. II. 261-266. Displeased at Taberah. 
 Num. 11:11-23. II- 541- Intercession at Paran. Num. 14:11-25. II. 
 551, 2. Samuel, as a man of prayer, linked with Moses. Ps. 99: 6. V, 
 164. Jer. 15: I. VIII. 466. David's Gratitude and Praise. 2 Sam. 7: 
 25-29. III. 391. Solomon's request for wisdom. III. 517. Dedication 
 of Temple. III. 552, 558, 570. Answered. III. 574. Elijah. VII. 100, 
 115-117. Elisha. VII. 201-203, 205, 164. Asa. VII. 280-282. Jehosh- 
 aphat. VII. 294. Hezekiah and Isaiah. VII. 365-369. Jeremiah. VII. 
 444, 445. Dan. 6: 10. IX. 255, 6. 9:3-19. IX. 295-298. Ezra. VII. 
 521. Nehemiah. VII. 533. Amos 7: 1-6. Intercession ansv/ered. 
 
 IX. 425, 6. 
 
 Prayers of New Testament. Publican. Luke 18:12, 13. X. 
 384. First recorded prayer of the Church. Acts 4:24-31. XL ^^. 
 Stephen. Acts 7:59, 60. XL 54. Saul. Acts 9:6. XL 63. Paul in 
 Epistles (to be carefully srudied). Eph. i: 15-23. XL 417. Eph. 3: 
 13-19. XL 425. Phil. 1 : 9-1 1. XL 447. Col. i : 9-13. XL 469. 2 Thes. 
 1 : 3-12. 499. 
 
252 Prayer. 
 
 Prayer and Watching. Neh. 4:9. We made our prayer and 
 set a watch. VII. 539, 541, 2. Ps. 5:3. Will order my prayer and 
 keep watch. IV. 64, 5. Luke 21 136. Matt. 26:41. Watch and pray. 
 Eph. 6: 18. Praying and watching thereunto in all perseverance, i 
 Pet. 4: 7. Watch unto prayer. XI. 662. Col. 4: 2. Watch in the same. 
 XI. 483. Ps. 119:37. Quicken me. V. 303. 
 
 Prayer and Thanksgiving. Phil. 4:6. With thanksgiving. 
 Eph. 5 : 20. Giving thanks always for all things. Col. 2 : 7. Abound- 
 ing in thanksgiving. Col. 4:2. With thanksgiving. XI. 483. i Thes. 
 5: 16. In everything give thanks, i Tim. 2: i. Prayers and giving of 
 thanks. 
 
 Prayer and Forgiveness. Mark 11:25. When ye pray, for- 
 give. X. 416. Matt. 6: 12, 14, 15. Forgive as we forgive. For if ye 
 forgive, your Father will forgive. X. 158. 
 
 Prayer and Peace. Phil. 4:6, 7. In everything by prayer and 
 supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto 
 God. And the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, shall 
 guard your hearts and thoughts in Christ Jesus. XI. 462, 463. 
 
 Prayer and Meditation. XI. 536. (T. B.) 
 
 Prayer and Faith. See Faith and Prayer, p. 84. 
 
 Prayer and Natural Law. [Everywhere God works by law, 
 by order, by method. But our Lord taught us that prayer is not the 
 attempt to drag down the divine operations to the level of our folly; 
 prayer is a method by which we lift up our will into correspondence 
 with the methods of God. There are stores of blessings which God 
 intends for us, but which He will not give unless we energetically 
 correspond with His law, with His method, by prayer. Prayer is as 
 fruitful a correspondence with the method of God as work — as fruit- 
 ful and as necessary. Some things you can obtain by work without 
 prayer; some things you can obtain by prayer without other work; 
 some things by the combination of working and praying; but no 
 things at all without your co-operation; and co-operation by prayer 
 has no kind of rational difficulty attendant upon it which does not 
 attend equally upon co-operation by the method of work. You have 
 no kind of right to put the reign of law as an obstacle to prayer unless 
 you are prepared to make the reign of law an obstacle to your doing 
 
Prayer. 253 
 
 anything to get your own living. . . . It is true that the man of 
 prayer who approaches the Father in the name of the Son, in intelH- 
 gent correspondence with the divine kingdom and divine purpose, 
 draws out of the largeness of the love of God infinite stores of good 
 things which God wills to give to him, and through him to his family, 
 his church, his nation, humanity — stores of good things which are 
 there in the providence of God waiting to comfort him, but will not 
 be given him except he prays. C. Gore.'] 
 
 United Prayer. Matt. 18: 19, 20. I say unto you, that if two 
 of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, 
 it shall be done for them of My Father which is in heaven. For 
 where two or three are gathered together in My name, there am I in 
 the midst of them. X. 293. Acts i : 14. These all with one accord 
 continued steadfastly in prayer. XI. 14, 86. 
 
 Public Prayer. Isa. 56:7. I will make them joyful in My 
 house of prayer, for Mine house shall be called a house of prayer. 
 VIII. 317. First recorded Public Prayer, Solomon at the Dedication 
 of the Temple. III. 555-559- Afterward: Jehoshaphat. 2 Chron. 20: 
 5-13. VII. 294. Neh. 9:4-38, 565-567. Heb. 10:25. Not forsaking 
 the assembling of yourselves together. A''. T. Illustrations: Acts 4: 
 24-31. Acts 12:5. Acts 16:13-16. 
 
 Many of the Psalms utter the call to worship, or express delight 
 in the Sanctuary service. They refer to song and prayer and to the 
 truths unfolded in the s^acred Place, where God's honor and beauty 
 abide. They utter with fervid words the experiences of instruction, 
 inspiration and comfort, of uplifting and delight, that come into their 
 hearts from the hallowing influences that fill the Holy Place of God's 
 Presence and communing Fellowship. E.g.: Psalms 27:4-6: 48:9; 
 65: 1-4; 68:24-26; 77: 13; 84: 1,2,4, 10; 89: 7; 95:2-6; 96:8,9; 99: 
 5, 9 ; 122 : I ; 134 : 2, 3 ; 149 : i : 150 : i- 
 
 We conclude this vital theme with a succinct outline of 
 
 Resultant Blessings of Prayer to the Steadfast Sup- 
 pliant. 
 
 In the still hour of personal communion with God the soul is best 
 and most prepared for all its duties to man and God. Then and there 
 the best knowledge, the deepest conviction, of duty is gotten, or more 
 clearly, deeply impressed. There the judgment and conscience receive 
 most light upon questions of practical difficulty. There the will is. 
 
2 54 Prayer. 
 
 most effectually disciplined against willfulness, trained for practice 
 in self-denial, for the putting forth of energy in the true work of life. 
 There also, through the present working of Divine grace, the repulsive 
 propensities to evil of flesh and spirit are more and more brought into 
 subjection, the adorning graces of simplicity, meekness, truthfulness 
 and purity are maintained and augmented in their power. There the 
 heart is made peaceful and happy in its toil by the daily deepening 
 of its responsive trust and love. From habitual solitary communion 
 with God, too, we get all needful preparation for trials, light or 
 grievous, preparation for the emergencies of temptation or affliction, 
 emergencies belonging to almost every day. And through the faithful 
 use of the still hour, the Christian makes the most of himself and of 
 his life in this world. He makes the most of himself and for him- 
 self. In the wrestle of that hour, he gets through Divine power 
 that evenness of temper which keeps down alike rash judgments 
 and excited passions. In the triumphant testing of God's truth and 
 promise by a wrestling spirit, he receives such conviction of their 
 reality as brings his soul more and more under their actuating power. 
 All his spiritual energies are kept aroused and active. His faith is 
 made more vital, active, fruitful. He develops in breadth and sym- 
 metry of character, grows daily unto the stature of a perfect man- 
 hood in Christ Jesus. And making most of himself, he makes most 
 for himself here. It may not be in perishable treasure or enviously 
 acknowledged fame. It is in something better far, in that peace of 
 the soul that leans always and closely upon Jesus the Christ, in the 
 calmness of hope, the assurance of expectant joy that looks all round 
 the forward horizon and up into a cloudless heaven as he songfully 
 journeys on. Thus, too, he makes the most of his life here, the most 
 of what can be achieved for others. Christ's most eminent because 
 successful toilers, in every age, have been those who have lived in 
 the closest communion with Him. Holy men and women in every 
 age, coming from the mount of the Divine dzvelling, have come burn- 
 ing as well as shining lights, clothed with His power in their heart- 
 felt utterances. As their fellowship was with God, as they abode and 
 walked in His light, so they ever brought God with them and kept 
 His Spirit in their hearts, and thus were their toils directed, their 
 words inspired, their yearning desires satisfied. 
 
Labor or Work. 255 
 
 Of like obligation tvith the Call to Worship is the Cotmnand 
 to dignify and utilize this life by 
 
 3. LABOR, or WORK. 
 
 Ordained in Eden, Gen. 2: 15. Put the man into the garden 
 to dress it and to keep it. I. 167. 
 
 Renewed after the Fall. Gen. 3 : 19. In the sweat of thy face 
 shalt thou eat bread. I. 193. 
 
 Embodied in the Moral Law. Ex. 20 : 9. Six days shalt thou 
 labor and do all thy work. II. 176. 
 
 Other References: Prov. 13:4, n. He that gathcreth by labor 
 shall increase. VI. 313, 314. Prov. 14: 23. In all labor there is profit. 
 VI. 324. Eccles. 5 : 12. Sleep of laboring man is sweet. VI. 473. 
 Eccles. 9: 10. No work in the grave. VI. 499-501- Ps. 104:23. Man 
 goeth forth to his work. V. 197, -8. Zech. 14:20, 21. IX. 619, 20. 
 Mark 13:38. To every man his work. X. 455, 458. i Cor. 4:12. 
 Laboring with our own hands. XL 293. Eph. 4:28. Working with 
 his hands that he may have to give to him that hath need. XI. 433. 
 Col. 3 : 23, 24. Whatsoever ye do, do it heartily as to the Lord and 
 not unto men; for ye serve the Lord Christ. XL 482. i Thes. 4: 12. 
 Work with your own hands that ye may walk honestly, and have need 
 of nothing. Matt. 10:10. The workman is worthy of hi? food. 2 
 Thes. 3 : 10. If any will not work, neither let him eat. XL 504. 
 
 Diligence, or Industry, Tends to Thrift, Competence 
 
 and Honor. Prov. 10:4. Hand of the diligent maketh rich. VI. 
 296. Prov. 13: 4. The soul of the diligent shall be made fat. VI. 313. 
 Prov. 12:24, 27. The hand of the diligent shall bear rule. The 
 precious substance of men is to the diligent. VI. 31T. Prov. 21:5. 
 The thoughts of- the diligent tend only to plenteousness. VI. 2,7^- 
 Prov. 22 : 29. A man diligent in his business shall stand before kings. 
 VI. 382, 383. Prov. 27 : 23. Be thou diligent to know the state of 
 thy flocks. VI. 411. Prov. 31:27. Rom. 12:11. In diligence not 
 slothful. XL 260. 
 
 Idleness, or Slothfulness, Tends to Waste, Want, 
 Wretchedness and Disgrace. Prov. 18:9. He that is slack in 
 
 his work is brother to a destroyer. VI. 351. Prov. 19:15- An idle 
 soul shall suffer hunger. VI. 360. Prov. 13:4. The sluggard desireth 
 
256 Use of Speech, or the Tongue. 
 
 and hath nothing. VI. 313. Prov. 20:4. The sluggard shall beg in 
 harvest and have nothing. Prov. 6:6-11. Go to the ant, thou slug- 
 gard. Thy want shall come as an armed man. VI. 277, 9. Prov. 15: 
 19. The way of the sluggard as a hedge of thorns. VI. 333. Prov. 24: 
 30-34. Vineyard of the slothful all grown over with thorns. VI. 398, 
 399. Eccles. 10 : 18. By slothfulness the roof sinketh in, and through 
 idleness the house leaketh. VI. 505. i Tim. 5 : 8. If any man provide 
 not for his own, he is worse than an infidel. XI. 521. Prov. 26: 14, 
 16. VT. 405. 
 
 [Christian life calls for work sustained by zvorship. Mary's warm, 
 heart must be joined to Martha's busy hand. Christian toil is rooted 
 to worship as the strong branches of the tree above are fed by the 
 great roots below. Christian toil must depend on the secret roots of 
 prayer. Worship simplifies work, unifies work, calms the spirit, makes 
 us uncomplaining and carries everything in the right spirit to the 
 Master. E. Judson.'] 
 
 II. BELIEVER'S PERSONAL OBLIGATIONS 
 TOWARD FELLOW MEN. 
 
 Note. — Although broadly treated in the comprehensive state- 
 ments tinder Christian Work or Service (//. 194-200), the fol- 
 lowing specific points are needful to complete the Scripture 
 TeacJiings : 
 
 I. PURE, WISE AND HELPFUL USE OF SPEECH. 
 
 The Tongue (gift of speech) Man's Glory. Ps. 57 : 8. IV. 
 402. 
 
 Effective for Good or Evil. Income from spoken words. Prov. 
 18: 20. VI. 355. Death and life in the power of the tongue. Prov. 18: 
 21. VI. 356. James 3:8-10. The tongue can no man tame; it is a 
 restless evil. Therewith bless we God, and therewith curse we men ; 
 out of the same mouth cometh forth blessing and cursing. XI. 632. 
 
 Referred to and Characterized: 
 
 I. As True, Pure, Helpful; and Commended. Proverbs: 
 10:11. Mouth of righteous a fountain of life. VI. 297. 10:21, 22. 
 Tips of righteous feed many. p. 298. 12: 18, 19. Tongue of wise is 
 
Speech, or Tongue. 257 
 
 health. Lip of truth established forever, p. 310. 12:22. They that 
 deal truly are His delight, p. 311. 12:25. A good word maketh glad, 
 p. 311. 15:1. A soft word turneth away wrath, p. 330. 25:15. A 
 soft tongue breaketh the bone, p. 401. 25: 11. A word fitly spoken, 
 p. 401. 15:23, 26. A word in season, good, p. 333, 4. Ps. 15:2, 3. 
 Speaketh truth in his heart. IV. 114, 5. Ps. 37:30. Mouth of right- 
 eous speaketh wisdom. IV. 282. Isa. 50 : 4. Sustain with words him 
 that is weary. VIII. 263. I Hits. Judges 8:2, 3. III. 219. Prov. 31: 
 26. VI. 429. Words of godly noted, recorded, and remembered. Mai. 
 3 : 16. IX. 646, 7. 
 
 2. As False, Hurtful; and Condemned. Proverbs: 11 :9, 13. 
 VI. 302, 3. 12:22. Lying lips an abomination to the Lord. VI. 310. 
 16: 27, 30. Lips a scorching fire, p. 342. 17: 20. Perverse tongue fall- 
 eth into mischief, p. 348. 18:8, p. 351, 6. 27: 22. Words of a whis- 
 perer, p. 400. 22:23, P- 372- 25:18. Maul, sword, sharp arrow, p. 
 402. 26:28. Lying tongue, flattering mouth, p. 406. Idle speaking. 
 Prov. 13:3. VI. 312. Ps. 12:2, 3. With flattering lips and a double 
 heart they speak. IV. loi. Ps. 31: 18. Lying Hps. TV. 232. Ps. 120: 
 2, 3. Lying lips and deceitful tongue. V. 361, 2. Rom. 3: 13. With 
 their tongues used deceit. Eccles. 5 : 6. Eph. 5 : 4. XL 436. 2 Tim. 
 3 : 2. Read again. XL 632-634. 
 
 Cautions and Counsels: 
 
 Ps. 34: 13. Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking 
 guile. IV. 255. Prov. 10: 19. He that rcfraineth his lips doeth wisely. 
 VI. 298. Prov. 14: 23.' Talk of lips tendeth to penury. VI. 325. Prov. 
 21 : 23. He that keepeth his mouth and tongue kccpeth his soul from 
 troubles. VI. 372. Eccles. 10:12. VI. 505. Eccles. 12:10. Accept- 
 able words of truth. VI. 522. Matt. 12:36, 37. By thy words justi- 
 fied . . . condemned. X. 188. James i : 19, 26. Bridleth not his 
 tongue, his religion vain. XI. 624. Eph. 5:4. Foolish talking not 
 befitting saints. XL 436. Ps. 39:1. IV. 289. Zech. 8:16. Speak 
 truth to neighbor. IX. 584. Eph. 4:15, 16, 25. Speak truth with 
 neighbor. XL 429, 430, 433. i Pet. 3 : 10. Refrain his tongue from 
 evil, and his lips that they speak no guile. Ps. 34: 13. IV. 255. James 
 4:11. Speak not evil one of another. XL 637, 8. Eph. 4:29. No 
 corrupt speech, but that which is good for edifying. XL 434. James 
 1 : 19. Slow to speak. XL 624. Col. 4:6. Let your speech be always 
 with grace, that ye may l:now how ye ought to answer each one. XL. 
 483. Titus 2 : 8. Sound speech that cannot be condemi.ed. Illus.. 
 Mai. 2:6. The law of truth was in his mouth. IX. 631. 
 17 
 
258 Riches, Wealth, Money. 
 
 [Albeit pleasantry itself be no sin, yet three cautions should be 
 rigidly observed : First, from all our pleasantry must be banished even 
 the remotest allusion to impurity, which forms the staple of much of 
 this world's wit. Secondly, all playful words that hurt another person 
 and wound his feelings are absolutely forbidden by the law of Chris- 
 tian love. Thirdly, all pleasantries that bring any thing sacred into 
 ridicule, or connect with it in the minds of others ludicrous associa- 
 tions, are carefully to be eschewed. Goulburn.} 
 
 Appropriate Petitions: Ps. 19: 14. Let the words of my mouth be 
 acceptable in Thy sight. IV. 158. Ps. 119: 172. Let my tongue speak 
 of Thy word. V. 356. Ps. 141 : 3. Set a watch, O Lord, before my 
 mouth ; keep the door of my lips. V. 456, 7. 
 
 2. HONEST, WISE AND HELPFUL GETTING AND 
 USE OF MONEY. 
 
 God's Ownership. 
 
 Hag. 2:7, 8. Silver is Mine, gold is Mine. IX. 542, 3. i Chron. 
 29: 14. All things come of Thee, and of Thine own have we given 
 Thee. III. 491. Eccles. 2:24. It is from the hand of God. VI. 451. 
 
 God's Gift for Use and Stewardship. 
 
 Deut. 8: 18. He giveth thee power to get wealth. II. 651, 2. Ps. 
 41 : I. IV. 305, 6. Prov. 10: 22. Blessing of the Lord maketh rich, etc. 
 VL 298. Eccles. 5: 19; 6: 2. VI. 475, 478. Isa. 32:8. VIII. 158. 
 
 His Gift conditioned upon man's diligent effort. 
 
 Prov. 10:4. The hand of the diligent maketh rich. VI. 296. 
 Prov. 22: 29. VI. 382, 3. Rom. 12: 11. XL 259, 260. 
 
 Wealth, rightly gotten and used for God and good, 
 a Help and Blessing. 
 
 Eccles. 10: 19. Money answereth all things. VI. 505, 6. Eccles. 
 7: 12. Money is a defense. VI. 484. Eccles. 2:24. VI. 451. Mai. 3: 
 7-12. IX. 642-645. Luke 16:9. Make friends by means of the un- 
 righteous mammon. X. 374, 5. Acts 10 : 4. Thine alms a memorial 
 before God. XL 71. Eph. 4: 28. XL 433. 
 
Wealth. 259 
 
 Wealth wrongfully gotten and used for evil, a Hurt 
 and Curse. 
 
 Job 15:29. VI. 97. Job 20: 10. VI. 117. Prov. 10:22. Treasures 
 of wickedness profit nothing. VI. 296, 8, 9. Prov. 13:11. VI. 314. 
 Prov. 21 : 6. VI. 371. Prov. 22: 16, 22. VI. 380, 382. Prov. 23:4, 5. 
 VI. 385. Jer. 17: II. He that getteth riches, and not by right, shall 
 leave them, and at his end shall be a fool. VIII. 481, 2. The moral 
 quality of money-making is determined by the motive and methods of 
 the money-maker. If for self alone, even by honest means, it is not 
 approved of God. If for self, and by dishonest methods, it is accursed 
 of God. . If sought by right methods, and employed for uses He indi- 
 cates and approves, then " the blessing of the Lord maketh rich, and 
 He addeth no sorrow therewith." Hence both the acquisition and 
 use of money or wealth afford a test of character, a disclosure of the 
 man's governing affections and motives. Matt. 6:21. Where thy 
 treasure is there will thy heart be. X. 161. 
 
 Relation of Wealth to a true or righteous Life. 
 
 Luke 12: 15. A man's life consistcth not in the abundance of the 
 things which he possesses. X. 194-196. Prov. 15: 16. Better a little 
 with fear of God. VI. 333. Prov. 16:8, 16. Better little with right- 
 eousness. VI. 339. Ps. 37: 16. IV: 279. Prov. 22: i, 2. A good name 
 rather to be chosen than great riches. VI. 374, 5. Ps. 19:10. IV. 
 154. Ps. 119:72. V. 319. 
 
 Riches Unsatisfying. 
 
 Eccles. 4 : 7, 8. Neither are his eyes satisfied with riches. VI. 468. 
 Eccles. 5 : 10. He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver. 
 VI. 472, 6. Jer. 48: 12. VIII. 568. 
 
 Bring care and trouble. 
 
 Prov. 15:16, -17. Great treasure and trouble therewith. VI. 333. 
 Prov. 23 : 4, 5. Weary not thyself to be rich . . . riches take 
 wings. VI. 385. Eccles. 5: 11. 12. The fullness of the rich will not 
 suffer him to sleep. VI. 473. Vs. 13. Riches kept by the owner to his 
 hurt. 
 
 Self -trusting, God-forgetting Effect. 
 
 Ps. 30:6. I said in my prosperity, I shall never be moved. TV. 
 226. Ps. 55 : 19. Who have no changes fear not God. IV. 390. Ps. 
 73 • 3"9- V- 7» ^- Js^' 22 : 21. I spake in thy prosperity, but thou saidst. 
 
26o Riches, Wealth. 
 
 I will not hear. VIII. 503. Jer. 48: 11. At ease and settled. VIII. 
 567. Hos. 13 : 6. Filled and exalted, therefore have forgotten Me. 
 
 IX. 375. 
 
 Results of the love of money and the determination 
 to be rich. 
 
 I Tim. 6:9, ID. They that desire to be rich fall into many foolish 
 and hurtful lusts, such as drown men in destruction. For the love of 
 money is a root of all kinds of evil. XI. 524, 5. Mark 10:24. How 
 hard for them that trust in riches to enter the Kingdom of God. X. 
 389, 390. Prov. 11:28. He that trusteth in riches shall fall. Eccles. 
 5: 13. Riches kept by the owner to his hurt. VI. 473, 476. Ps. 49:6, 
 II, 14, 17. They that trust in their wealth and boast themselves in 
 their riches, etc. IV. 349-354. Ps. 52 : 7. Lo, this is the man that 
 trusted in the abundance of his riches. IV. 378. Prov. 28: 11, 20, 22. 
 The rich wise in their own conceit. VI. 413, 415. Illus. Gen. 13: 11. 
 Lot's choice. I. 308, 9. Gehazi. VII. 198, 9. 
 
 Wealth left behind at the last. 
 
 Ps. 49:10. Die and leave to others. Carry nothing away. IV. 
 350, I. Ps. 39:6. Heapeth up riches and knoweth not who shall 
 gather them. IV. 292. Ps. y^: 12, 17-20. V. 8-10. Eccles. 5: 15. He 
 shall take nothing for his labor. VI. 473, 4. Vs. 14. p. 473. Jer. 48 : 36. 
 VIII. 570. Luke 12: 20. This night thy soul shall be required of thee; 
 then whose shall those things be which thou hast prepared? X. 194, 
 196. Isa. 5:9, 10. VIII. 36. 
 
 Riches of no Avail in the Day of Wrath. 
 
 Prov. 11:4. Riches profit not in the day of wrath. VI. 302. Ezek. 
 7:19. Their silver and gold not able to deliver in the day of the 
 Lord's wrath. IX. 43. Zeph. i : 18. IX. 527. Job 27: 16-22. VI. 146. 
 Luke 12:21. So is he that layeth up treasure for himself. X. 196. 
 
 Cautions and Counsels. 
 
 Deut. 6: 10-12. Beware lest thou forget the Lord thy God. II. 643. 
 Deut. 8: 14. 17. Beware lest thy heart be lifted up. 11. 651. Ps. 62; 
 10. If riches increase, set not your heart upon them. IV. 421. 423. 
 Jer. 9:23. Let not the rich man glory in his riches. VIII. 441-443. 
 Jer. 22:21. Spake in prosperity. VIII. 503. Prov. 8:10-11. Receive 
 knowledge rather than choice gold. Matt. 6: 19-21. Lay not up treas- 
 ures upon earth. X. 161. Matt. 19:21. X. 390. i Tim. 6:17-19. 
 
Giving, or Offering. 261 
 
 Charge them that are rich that they be not highniinded, nor have their 
 hope set on riches, but on God, who giveth us all things; that they 
 be rich in good works, laying up in store for themselves a good foun- 
 dation against the time to come. XL 526, 7. Heb. 13:5. Be ye free 
 from the love of money; content with such things as ye have. The 
 wise and acceptable Prayer of Agur. Prov. 30 : 8. Give me neither 
 poverty nor riches. VI. 421, 2. 
 
 Closely linked zvitJi this Theme is a Specific Divine Co)nma?id, 
 running througJi both Testaments, touching 
 
 GIVING (Offering) to the Lord's Work and His Poor. 
 Principles of Acceptable Offering: Made to God, supremely 
 
 for His sake. Ex. 25 : i ; 35 : 4. Take for Me an offering. Bring the 
 Lord's offering. IT. 284. Willingly and chcerfidly. Ezra 3:5. Will- 
 ingly offered a free-will offering unto the Lord. VII. 499, III. 491. 
 2 Cor. 9:7. God loveth a cheerful giver. XL 377. Liberally. Isa. 32: 
 8. The liberal deviseth liberal things. VIII. 157, 8. 2 Cor. 9:6. He 
 that soweth bountifully shall reap bountifully. With simplicity (with- 
 out fear, favor, or ostentation). Rom. 12:8. XL 259. At some cost 
 or sacrifice. 2 Sam. 24 : 24. I will not offer of that which doth cost 
 me nothing. III. 471-473. Heb. 13 : 16. With such sacrifices God is 
 well pleased. XL 616. One element of true consecration and god- 
 likeness. I Chron. 29 : 5. Who offereth willingly to consecrate him- 
 self this day imto the Lord? III. 491. Ps. 112:5, 6, 9. V. 251-253. 
 An appointed part of worship. Deut. 16: 17. Shall not appear before 
 Me empty; every man shall give as he is able. III. 396. Acts 10:4. 
 Alms and prayers are come up for a memorial before God. XL 71, 
 74. Soul-ransom offering. Ex. 30:12-15. II. 309. Votive offerings 
 under the Law. 11. 433-440. 
 
 Motives actuating the true giver: 
 
 Sense of obligation, 
 from a knowledge of God's sole ownership and of his own trusteeship 
 or stewardship, i Chron. 29:14. All things come of Thee, and of 
 Thine own have we given Thee. III. 491. See Parables. X. 401, 458. 
 
 Natural response of a grateful heart to the grace and good- 
 ness of God. 
 
 Paul appeals to this high motive. 2 Cor. 8:9. For ye know the 
 grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though He was rich, yet for 
 
262 Giving, or Offering, 
 
 your sakes He became poor, that ye through His poverty might be- 
 come rich. XI. 375. And He recurs to this appeal at the close of the 
 9th chapter (both of them, 2 Cor. 8 and 9, being filled with this sub- 
 ject), in the exclamation, " Thanks be to God for His unspeakable 
 gift." XI. 379. Rom. 8:32. XI. 242. I Tim. 6: 17-19. (Since) God 
 giveth us richly all things to enjoy, ... be ready to distribute, 
 willing to communicate, laying up in store, etc. XI. 527. 
 
 God's definite demand, together with His assurance of 
 ample returns. 
 
 Prov. 3 : 9. Honor the Lord with thy substance, with the first- 
 fruits of all thine increase. So shall thy barns be filled with plenty. 
 VI. 252-254. Mai. 3 : ID. Bring ye the whole tithe, and prove Me if 
 I will not pour out a blessing. IX. 643, 4. Matt. 5 : 42. X. 153. Prov. 
 11:24, 25. Scattereth yet increaseth. Liberal soul shall be made fat. 
 
 VI. 305-307. PrOv. 19: 17. He that hath pity upon the poor lendeth 
 to the Lord, and his good deed will He pay him again. VI. 360, i. 
 Prov. 28:27. He that giveth to the poor shall not lack. VI. 415. Ps. 
 126:5. Sow in tears, reap in joy. V. 382. Eccles. 11 :i, 2, 6. In 
 morning sow thy seed. VI. 507-509. Isa. 32 : 20. Blessed that sow 
 beside all waters. VIII. 160. Ps. 41:1-3. IV. 305, 6. Acts 20:35. 
 More blessed to give than to receive. XI. 145. i Chron. 29:9. The 
 people rejoiced because with a perfect heart they offered willingly to 
 the Lord. III. 491. Ps. 37:26. He lendeth, and his seed is blessed. 
 IV. 281. 
 
 Measure or Proportion of Giving. Deut. i6:io. Thou 
 
 shalt give according as the Lord thy God blesseth thee. II. 411. Deut. 
 14:28, 29. II. 439, 440. Prov. 3:9. The first-fruits of all thine in- 
 crease. VI. 252, 3. 2 Cor. 8:11, 12. It is accepted according to that 
 a man hath. XL 375. Special rule for systematic, proportionate giv- 
 ing. I Cor. 16: 2. Upon the first day of the week let each one of you 
 lay by him in store, as he may prosper. XI. 343. Using or giving 
 the condition of having, a law of increase for bodily, mental, and 
 spiritual powers. Matt. 25 : 29. X. 460. 
 
 Illustrations : 
 
 Neh. 8 : 10. Send portions unto him for whom nothing is prepared. 
 
 VII. 563. Mark 12:44. She of her want did cast in all that she had. 
 X. 439. Acts 9: 36-39. Dorcas. XL 69. 
 
 [The Tithe is a debt, and there can be no such thing as " giving " 
 or making a free-will offering to God until the debt has been paid. 
 
Use of Mental Gifts. 263 
 
 Every man, rich or poor, who fully and promptly pays his debts to 
 his fellow-men thereby contributes to his own strength and honor. 
 Certainly our debts to God are no less sacred and binding than our 
 debts to each other, and as for rewards, His own promise is, " He 
 that honoreth Me I will honor." The divine order is " Tithes and 
 Offerings," the one being an expression of our debt, the other of our 
 gratitude. Both laws existed and were binding as long before Moses 
 as the creation of man, and will be binding as long as man endures. 
 Neither in any sense derives its obligation from the Mosaic Law. 
 Both are moral duties, and all moral duties have their origin in our 
 moral nature. Law defines but does not create them. Thomas Kane.} 
 
 We refer briefly to Two other Personal Obligations, 
 clearly implied, though not ' definitely expressed, in 
 the Scripture Teaching : 
 
 3. RIGHT, WISE AND HELPFUL USE OF MEN- 
 TAL GIFTS, WITH ALL ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE 
 AND CULTURE. 
 
 This Obligation has an impregnable and imperative basis in the 
 broad principle and unquestionable fact of personal accountability or 
 stewardship for all entrusted gifts. Not only the faculty of speech 
 and the holding of wealth, but also and equally the intellect itself and 
 its acquisitions are iiicluded in the gifts for whose proper and help- 
 ful use God demands account. 
 
 A few texts may be noted implicitly sustaining this point: Dan. 
 1 : 17. God gave them knowledge and skill in all learning and wisdom. 
 IX. 225. Prov. 2:6, 7, 10. Prov. 15:2. Tongue of the wise utterelh 
 knowledge aright. VI. 331. Isa. 50:4. Them that are taught . . . 
 to sustain with words him that is weary. Prov. 11:30. He that is 
 wise winneth souls. VL 307. 
 
 A large review of present-day literature indicates a widely preva- 
 lent pursuit of knowledge and culture for its own sake, for personal 
 gratification or advantage, rather than a definite purpose and en- 
 deavor to advance and elevate the common standards of thought and 
 conduct. 
 
 A still graver charge seems to lie against the great body of ac- 
 cepted writers and writings as respects their dealing with the essential 
 spiritual facts of the life here and beyond disclosed by God in Hi; 
 Written Word. Undeniably, the Bible and Christianity have ever stood 
 
264 Mental Gifts and Acquisitions. 
 
 for and have made the grandest, most vital and effective contributions 
 to Literature. Yet the majority of cultured literary men in this day 
 ignore the essential spirit as well as teaching of Christianity. All 
 other knowledges, of philosophy and science, of aesthetic and mechan- 
 ical art, of economic, political and social life, all that pertain to the 
 interests, pursuits and well-being of this life, are exhaustively prose- 
 cuted and treated. But the knowledge of God, which is the vital 
 element and condition of spiritual and eternal life, the knowledge 
 that must underlie and produce all truly religious feeling and saving 
 faith, is passed indifferently by. If read or studied at all by the host 
 of literary students and writers, the Book of God is intellectually 
 studied as a model of high literary excellence, and by a few its pure 
 morality is recognized and commended. But the strange sad fact is 
 patent to all who love the Master that its profound and inestimably 
 precious spiritual revelations are utterly ignored in the mass of the 
 living and morally leavening literature of to-day. 
 
 And this, to-day, is one of the widest and most powerful hin- 
 drances to the advance of the Kingdom of God upon the earth. Its 
 removal can only be hoped for with the recognition by individual 
 writers of a religious purpose as the supreme aim and end of being 
 and living, joined with an inward conviction of an account to be 
 exacted for the life-use of mental gifts and acquirements, an account 
 to be measured by the moral effects wrought upon fellow minds and 
 hearts. Let it be further noted as an assured truth, that literary 
 culture can only reach its highest and worthiest achievement when 
 " all ideals of culture find their inspiration and nourishment in the 
 Divine ideals of Jesus, and take their place in the great loving world- 
 purpose of the world's Saviour ; when thought, and art, and litera- 
 ture, and knowledge, and life are brought into subjection to Christ." 
 
 In this connection, a suggestive statement respecting the subjects 
 of present-day Bible study is worthy of careful note. It is expressed 
 by a scholar of wide learning, of balanced and unbiased judgment, 
 with an accurate knowledge of the diverse critical views and practical 
 methods in study. Dr. George H. Schodde writes of " The Highest 
 Aim of Bible Study " as follows : 
 
 " The leading trait and character of the Bible work of our times 
 is literary and historical. In this respect, namely, in the historical 
 study of the Scriptures and the literary investigation of the books 
 that constitute them, there has been a decided progress. A new con- 
 ception of the character of the Scriptures and the historical method 
 of interpretation has helped to make clearer much that hitherto was 
 wot apparent. While the fact had been recognized all along that the 
 
Aim of Bible Study. 265 
 
 Scriptures have both a divine and a human side, it is only in our 
 times that the latter has received the emphasis that it deserves. 
 
 " And yet here, as is so often the case, the greatest weakness lies 
 side by side with the greatest strength. The literary as also the his- 
 torical study of the Scriptures and their contents is not an end in 
 itself but can and should be only a means to an end. It can touch 
 and affect only that part of the Scriptures which at bottom is of lesser 
 importance and which does not constitute the unique and peculiar 
 character of this book. It is true that the Scriptures contain much 
 belonging to the departments of archeology, history, chronology and 
 the like, but the main object and the highest aim of the Bible is the 
 revelation of that Truth, which in the nature of the case can come 
 only from a divine source and is not subject to the conditions that 
 surround the purely human factors and forces. In the nature of 
 the case the purely literary study of the Scriptures touches only the 
 human side of the Book and its contents. We have indeed learned 
 much concerning the geography, the topography, the chronology, the 
 history, the literary character of the Scriptures through the literary 
 and the archaeological studies of the times; but on the great funda- 
 mentals and essentials of the Scriptures, the revelation of which con- 
 stitutes the main purpose of the giving of the Book — no materially 
 new light has been contributed by the newer sources of information 
 that have been opened up before the Bible student in recent decades. 
 The character and personality of God, His will and His ways. His 
 plans for the redemption of mankind, the origin of sin ancf its direful 
 results, the person, natures and work of Christ, the blessed secrets of 
 redemption and atonement, the work and the activity of the Holy 
 Spirit, the glories of the church triumphant, all these and many more 
 that belong to the kernel and essence of the Scriptures and give them 
 really what makes them a book of infinitely greater value than all 
 the other literatures of the world combined, all these can in the nature 
 of the case not expect to receive much new light from the historical 
 study of the Scriptures except incidentally. 
 
 " The ideal and most profitable Bible study is that which aims at 
 and ends in a better appreciation of the central doctrines revealing the 
 mysteries of salvation ; and in the study of these truths must ever lie 
 the highest aim of Bible study. A man can afford to be ignorant of 
 many of the historical, literary, archaeological and other data of the 
 Scriptures — welcome and- valuable as these all are — but he can not 
 afford to be ignorant of the cardinal truths concerning the Father 
 and the Redeemer and the Spirit. There seems to be some danger 
 of shifting the interest in current Bible work from the centre to the 
 
266 Believer's Supreme Obligation. 
 
 circumference, from the divine to the human side of the Scriptures 
 The one should be done and the other not be left undone, but the 
 former is the more important. It is well enough to understand Christ 
 and His work as an historical phenomenon, and Him as a prophet and 
 teacher of his day and generation; but it is infinitely more important 
 to understand Him as the God-man who has worked out redemption 
 for the lost. Here is the heart of ideal Bible study." 
 
 And the late Dr. Wm. F. Junkin, treating the same theme, in- 
 cluded two frank questions : " May it not be true that critical, verbal, 
 geographical, historical study is crowding out devotional reading of 
 the Bible? Would the statement be overbold, that our sweetest com- 
 munion, our deepest sympathies, largest experiences, truest worship, 
 come to us in our reading of the Scripture when we are least con- 
 cerned about its authors, its literary style, or its local colorings?" 
 
 4. RIGHT, WISE AND HELPFUL USE OF POSI- 
 TION AND INFLUENCE ATTAINED THROUGH 
 DIVINE GIFTS OF INTELLECT, SPEECH AND 
 WEALTH. 
 
 All these endowments and acquisitions are bestowed by the favor 
 and blessing of God, and for their just and generous use every en- 
 trusted recipient, with emphasis the Christian believer, is accountable 
 to Him. All are to be exercised and employed in furtherance of the 
 physical well-being and moral uplifting of men, in accordance with 
 the imperative Command, Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself! 
 
 In closing our Comprehensive Study of the Great 
 Truths of the Divine Word, we repeat (p. 200) and 
 emphasize anew the Sitprenie Personal Obligation of 
 every believer : 
 
 1. By gift and prayer to bear his needed part in 
 fulfilling the Great Command of the Son of God to 
 Evangelize the World. 
 
 2. By word and act, by example and persistent 
 effort, and by accompanying fervent intercession, faith- 
 fully to obey the Christ's Final Injunction, with which 
 He closes His own Revelation from Heaven : He that 
 
 HEARETH, LET HIM SAY, CoMe! 
 
INDEX OF TOPICS. 
 
 Accountability, 162. 
 
 Adoption, 63. 
 
 Affliction, 219-225. 
 
 Agency, Divine and Human, 137. 
 
 Aim of "Bible Study, 265. 
 
 Atonement, 48-56. 
 
 Beatitudes, O. and N. T., 119. 
 
 Call of God to Men, 124. 
 
 Calling and Election, 127-136. 
 
 Childheartedness, 214. 
 
 Christ: 
 
 God the Son, 24. 
 Prophet, Priest, King, 28. 
 Redemptive Work, Particulars : 
 Incarnation, 39-42. 
 Influences of Earthly Life, 43-47. 
 Atonement, 48-56. 
 Justification, 57-63. 
 Adoption, 63. 
 
 Indwelling with Believer, 63-70. 
 Christian Life : 
 
 Christian, Believer etc., 179. 
 Figures : Soldier, Athlete, etc., 
 
 181. 
 Christian Experience, 182. 
 Christian Character, 191. 
 Christian Walkor Conduct, 192. 
 Christian Work or Service, 194. 
 Watchwords of Counsel, 201. 
 Covenants of God, 120. 
 Creation, 112-115. 
 Day of the Lord, 176. 
 Death, 173. 
 Diligence, 255. 
 Discourses of Christ, 43. 
 Election, 127-136. 
 Faith and its Relations, 78-88. 
 
 Flesh and Spirit, 187. 
 Foreknowledge, Foreoidination, 
 
 127. 
 Giving, 261. 
 God: 
 Being : 
 
 Essential Elements, 7. 
 Properties or Attributes, 8. 
 Qualities of Character, 10. 
 Works : 
 Creation, 12. 
 Providence, 16. 
 Redemption, 21. 
 Sovereignty, Glory, 21. 
 Trinity in Unity, 23. 
 God the Father, 24. 
 God the Son, 24. 
 God the Holy Spirit, 26. 
 Office in Redemption : 
 Of the Father, 27. 
 Of the Son, 28-35. 
 Of the Spirit, 36-39. 
 Grace of God, 116. 
 Graces, Christian, 204, 
 Heart of Man, 164. 
 Heaven of God, 141-145. 
 Holy Spirit : 
 Deity, 26. 
 
 Office-work, 36-39. 
 Redemptive Agency, Particulars : 
 Regeneration, 71-73. 
 Sanctification, 89-93. 
 Hope, 204. 
 Humility. 211. 
 Immortality, 177. 
 Incarnation, 39. 
 Joy, 208. 
 
268 
 
 Index of Topics. 
 
 Judgment of God, 175. 
 
 Justification, 57. 
 
 Kingdom of God, 139. 
 
 Labor, 255. 
 
 Law of God, 100-109. 
 
 Life's Brevity, 173. 
 
 Life, Centered, on God or Self, 166- 
 
 169. 
 Longing after God, 217. 
 Love of God, 11 2-1 15. 
 Love of Man, 206. 
 
 Man, Nature, Early Experience, 
 146-151. 
 
 Facts of Life Here and Here- 
 after, 162-178. 
 
 Spiritual Transformation, 179. 
 Mercy of God, 118. 
 Messianic References, 29. 
 Metanoia or Repentance, 74-77. 
 Miracles of Christ, 46. 
 Money, 258. 
 Morality, 108. 
 Natural Theology, 6. 
 Nature, World of, 12. 
 Obedience, 230. 
 Offering, to God, 261. 
 Parables of Christ, 43. 
 Patience, 212. 
 Peace, 210. 
 Perseverance, 237. 
 Praise, 242. 
 Prayer, 244-254. 
 Promises of God, i22. 
 
 Providence, 16-20. 
 Reaping and Sowing, 172. 
 Redemption, 94. 
 Regeneration, 71-73. 
 Repentance, Metanoia, 74-77. 
 Responsibility, 162. 
 Resurrection of Christ, 32. 
 Resurrection of Body, 176. 
 Riches, 258. 
 Righteousness, 80. 
 Salvation, 96-99. 
 Sanctification, 89-93. 
 Self-Pleasing and Denial, 168. 
 Self-Examination, 240. 
 Serving or Service, 194. 
 Sin, 152-161. 
 Soul-Winning, 199. 
 Sowing and Reaping, 172. 
 Speech, 256. 
 Steadfastness, 237. 
 Teachings of Christ, 43. 
 Temptation, 225. 
 Thirsting after God, 217. 
 Tongue, 256. 
 Truth, Truthfulness, 232. 
 Unworldliness, 233. 
 Waiting on God, 213. 
 Watchfulness, 236. 
 Wealth, 258. 
 Will of God, 109. 
 Wisdom, 215. 
 Work, 255. 
 Worship, 241. 
 
The BUTLER BIBLE-WORK 
 
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 VoL I — From Creation to Exodus. — Gen. I to Ex. XI. 
 
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 Vol. XI — The Acts, Epistles and Revelation. 
 
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The following article published originally in the N. F. EVANGELIST, refers 
 to the New Testatnent volumes of the Butler Bible-Work but is applicable to the 
 whole ■work. 
 
 " Most Rich and Precious." 
 
 By HERRICK JOHNSON. D.D. 
 
 These are Bacon's superlatives applied to an ideal book, in which 
 were choice and best observations " made dispersedly " by different writers, 
 and here in this ideal book "set down in a continuance;" observations 
 " not dilated into common-places, not chasing after controversies, not re- 
 duced into method of art." 
 
 The ideal has become actual. Such observations have been gathered. 
 The book is here. " The Butler Bible=Work " is an attempt to re- 
 alize Bacon's thought. The best comment of the best men of the best 
 centuries has been here " set down in a continuance." The comment is 
 full, but not continuous ; scholarly, but not controversial. Hence the book 
 is free alike from " commonplaces " and from " controversies." It is not a 
 minute, grammatical and philological examination of the original text, and 
 therefore does not contain the processes and technical terms of critical ex- 
 egesis. But the very sweetest juices of the truth of God are here pressed 
 out, and with sufificient fulness to give a clear understanding of the general 
 text of Scripture. It is that kind of comment which is adapted to the 
 humblest mind, and yet fitted to hold and feed and stimulate the most 
 scholarly. It is equally a book for the family and the study. 
 
 BUT THE SPECIAL FEATURE 
 
 of the book is the comment itself. It is not by one man. It is incompara- 
 bly richer and more varied than could possibly be made by one man. Dr. 
 Butler has been on a search through the centuries for the best thoughts of 
 the most gifted and godly writers on the New Testament. He has made 
 sermons and addresses, commentaries and treatises, and books of every 
 goodly sort contribute to the stories packed away between the lids of these 
 volumes. Many of the choicest treasures of all New Testament literature 
 are here. 
 
 Let any one look over the list of authors cited, and then turn to some 
 of the clear, pithy, incisive, eloquent and often profoundly spiritual, cita- 
 tions, and he will not need to look long, to be assured that here is the cream 
 of Christian comment on the Scriptures, presented with rare skill of arrange- 
 ment and adaptation. There are more than three hundred authors cited, 
 and they are among the chief of the living and the dead. Here will be 
 found Leighton, of whose work Doddridge said " There is a spirit in them 
 I never met with in any human writings ; nor can I read many lines in 
 them without being moved." Here will be found F. W. Robertson, one 
 of the most suggestive of all modern preachers. And here are Basil 
 Cyprian, and Augustine, Bernard of Clairvaux, Calvin and Luther, Bengel 
 and Bacon, the Alexanders, and a host of others, for whom all Bible readers, 
 in going through the pages of this Commentary, will find fresh and repeated 
 occasion to thank God. Of the living authors, whose choice and varied 
 comments enrich these pages, it is needless to speak. They are fit associ- 
 ates of the illustrious dead. Many of them are in the front rank of scholar- 
 ship, and "mighty in the Scriptures." It is perfectly safe to say that no 
 one book holds so much suggestive, illustrative and stimulative exposition 
 of God's Word. It cannot fail to quicken the spiritual pulse and deepen the 
 spiritual life. 
 
 It is a book for every Church Library and every Christian Home. 
 
I