L4il j-/V^ W V4V^1. .JL JLV^CVl^^ll AND THE Maffacre at Paris: Together with a Difcourfe concerning the ORIGI- NAL of the POWDER-PLOT; proving it not to be. the Contrivance of Cecil!, as is affirmed by the PAPISTS, but that both the Jefuits and the Pope himfelf were privy to it. As alfo a Kehtion of ftveral Q)nfpiractes ELIZ ABETH, LONDON, Printed for J. Leigh at the Sign of the Blew ^ell near chancery Lane end in Fleetjireet. i6j6. THE HISTORY OF THE Bloody Mallacres OF THE PROTESTANTS I N FRANCE I N T H E- Year of our LOR D, 1572. m . _ ___ WRITTEN In Latin by the Famous HISTORIAN J A. AV.G.THV A S, and faithfully rendred into Englifli. L 0 N D 0 Nj Printed for John Leigh at the Sign of the BletP-Bell by Flying-horfe-QoMjit in Fleet-fimty 1674. 6X5187 AT-.x- ■ ■ - ^ • ' ■ "• - '>'w ■ I f S- t^': t: if' i I- L t ' ^ k'\» ■ " ■■ 1'" ; T> 5P T I-. ■ r-\ r. CI- T' r- ■> i V'u tl .c\^i k ^ :-r ji T ' w" F ' s"*-' '■"v - "fe" /i \J Vf:J ' •. ... T i ;i w ; ^ 3iKV-\ .-'I'i^ti ) V"'' ,?A"^ k V; vr\' k .1. V , ■■< v,^ r\ * t "• f ^ o-:-i I: ' C 1 " W ^■, \ r^Mf r t" m o a vro a ny.r^ 3fb ?fc V, V \ ic^l |v';!, . '• -/A i i , kkj: SiiS6S#iii ifl J QJqP'P /■C^:p'.O pf{Xp-^WcrrjC,rn:/t A brief Introdudion to the Hiftory . ofthe MASSACRE. The Lords of the Houfe of Guife^whe- ther through the infiigation of the Je- fuites^ whom they firjl introduced into France^andhighly favoured^or through their emulation * againfi the Princes of the Blood * v.Difcourfe, who favoured the Reformed Religion^ or both^ profeffing themfelvesgreat zealots for the Pa- pal Authority^ and irreconcilable enemies to the HugonbtSj fas they called them of the Re- formed Religion^ efpecially after the diffentU ons grew high between them and the Princes^ to whom they doubted not but the Protefiants would adhere^ as well upon the account of Re- ligion as of the Right of the Princes^ having * ^ v. Difc. by force gotten the young King Charles 9. in- to their hands^ endeavoured by all means to raife in his mind as great prejudice and hatred againfi the Protefiants and the chief men of their The Introdudion. their prtj as poffible. The young King thus . trained up in prejudice againft them^anamore' over from his youth inured to cruelty^ and the Jlaughters of hisSubjeSis even in cold bloody whereof by the D, of Guife he had been early made a fpefiator^ was fcarce out of his mi- - V. D fc. feft. nority when he was ivitedby the Pope^ the K, of Spain^ and the P. of Savoy to joyn in a holy League for the extirpation of the Heretich •* but being by nature of an Italian genius^ and well inftruHed by his Mother in the policies of her Country^ he chafe as a more fafe and furet way to attempt that rather by fecretftratagems and furprize than by open boftility. And therefore at an enterviewat hz-yoimt between him with his Mother, and his Sifter the Queen of Spain accompanied with the P. of Alva^ having by the way had fecret conference at Avignon with forne of the Pope's trufly Mini- to beprefent at it) it was concluded to cut off the chief heads of the Proteftants, and then, in imitation of the Sicilian Vefpers, to /laugh- teralUberefl to the lafl man. But the de- 'fig" The Introdudioa fign being difcoveredto the Prince of Conde^ Colinius and others of the Nobility^ when they gercehed fuch preparations made for the exe^ cution of it, as, unkfs timely prevented, th^ were likely fuddenly to be all dejiroyed, they v. d.Tc. fca. put themfelves into a pojiure of defence, where-' upon broke out a Civil W^ar, But that being contrary to the defign to effeSi the hufinefs by stratagem and furprtT^, it was in few months cmpofed for the prefent; but fbortly after, when the fame defign was again perceived to be carried on, and the like inevitable danger approached as mer as before, was again renew- edin the former manner, and continued fome- what longer and hotter than before, Where^ - upon the Kingperceiving that thegreatejl dif- ficulty was to beget and confirm in the Prote- Jiant Nobility a truft and confidence in him- felf, ufed all arts imaginable to do that; and to that purpofe in all folemn manner granting and confirming to the Protectants in France very fair terms of peace and fecurity, he at the fame timepretendeda refolution to make a war with Spain, entred into a League with the Qyieen of England, and with the Protejiant Prin- . The Introdudion. Princes of Germany:, and., which was the prin* cipal part of the policy, propofed a match be- tweenthe Prince of Navar,the firji Prince of the Blood, and chief of the Proteftant Party, and his Sifter Margaret, as that which would not only ferve hispurpofe to beget a confidence in the Proteftants of Bsfincmty and good in- tehtion',but moreover afford him a fair opportu- nity at the folemnization of the Marriage, of effeSling his defign at laft, which had been fo often and fo long difappointed. All which ha- ving managedwith wonderful art and difftmu- lation, he at laft obtained what hedefired, as in the following Hiftory is more particularly related. . » , - M.:.' V V V, j-vl THE HISTORY O F T H E MASSACRES OF THE Proteftants at P A RIS, and many other places in F RANGE, in the Year of our Lord, 1572. 1. '■ "iJH E day of [betmtn Hem. King Lib. I of Navar and Margaret Sijier to the King 0/ I France^ drawing on > which was appointed the JB^ *i5th. of the Kalends of September j the igfj. King by Letters folicits Coligni, that he (hould come to Paris, having before given in charge to Claudius Mar- cellus Provoft of the Merchants, that he fliould fee to if, that no difturbance did arife upon Colignie's coming to Pa- A a ris. 2 The Hijiory of ris. Likewife Troclamatiott was fubUjhed the third of the July ^th. Nimes of July, when he wiS it Cajirum-Bononiie, ^boat two tiiiles from the City, wherein it was foibidden, that any of what condition foever Qiould dare to renew the memory of things pah, g,ive occalion of new quarrels, carry piftols, hght duels, draw their fwords, efpecially in the King's retinue at Paris, and in the Suburbs, upon pain of death. But if any difference fhould arife among the Nobles concerning their Honour or Reputation, they fhould be bound to bring their plaint to the Duke of Anjou, the King's Deputy throughout the whole Kingdom, and to pray juflice ef him: it they wer« of the Commons, they fhould betake themfelvcs to the High Chancellor de 1 Hofpital: if it fhall happen among ihofe that fhall not be in the Court, but in Paris, they fhall go before the ordinary Magiflrate. It was alfo provided by the Rme Proclamation,th£t thofe who were not of the Courts of any of the Princes or Nobles, or of the Retinue of others, or were not detained upon feme ntccffary butlntfs,but were of uncertain abode and habitation about Paris or the Suburbs, fhould depart from the Court & City within 24iiours after the publication of this EditS, upon the fame pain of death. This was publifhc>i for three days together, with the found of Trumpet in the Court, and through the City, and it was or- dered that the publication fhould be repeated week by w^ek ji upon the Sabbath-day. Alfo there was adjoyrted to the Tr guards of the King's body for his greater fccurily, a'guard of jf 400 choice Souldiersi all which Co/jgHr full of con^dence and good afTurance fo Is if the'King dcfirous of the publick Peace, did fonly) prepare a contrary flrength againfi thofe which were feditious, and movers of troubles. Thcrefoie he cowfJ i«to City, tbou^b many were greatly dijlurhed at it: to whom, when they importunate'y dehorted him both by letter and word of mouth, he, after he had given them thanks, anfwered in one word; " That he was tefolvcd "now that Peace was concluded, and things paft forgotten, " to rely upon the faith of the King, and that he had rather *' be dragged through the fitcets of Paris, than to take up Civil Aims again. 2. Among the Parijian Majfacre: 3 2. Among other Utters there was one brought to him being now come to Paris, written very fmartly after this manner. ' Rcnncmber that it is an cftablifhed Decree of the Papiffs, ' upon the account of Religion, and confirmed by the autho- * rity of Councils, that Faith is not to be kept with hereticks i 'in the number of which Protefiants are accounted. Remem- 'beralfo that Protellants upon the account of the former ' Wars, do lie under an eternal odium j fo that it is not to be ' doubted but this is the Qjeens refolution, that Proteftants ' be rooted out by any means whatfoever. Add to this that ' it cannot be, but that a woman that is a Aranger, and an Ita- ' lian, d.cfcended of the race of the Popes, (whom they op- ' pofe) and of a Florentine and guileful nature, fhould ftudy ' all extremities againft her enemies. Confider moreover in ' what School the King was educated, in which he drew in ' with his milk under his good Tutors this Dodfrine •, • that he fhould make it a fport to fwear and foifwear, to 'ufe the name of God profanely, to d,fi!e himfelf with ' Whoredomes and Adulteries, to diflemble his Faith, Religt- •on, Counfels, to fet his countenance (according to occafion). ' And that he might be accuftomed to the effufion of the ' bloud of his Subjed's, he was taught from his childhood 3' ' to behold the flaughters and butcheries of ^ hearts: that he is * And of men ' fetled in this perfwafion to fuffer no Religion in his King- v. I. 24. ' dom but that which may uphold his rtate, (according to the '■'5" ' opinion of his Mafier Machiavel; otherwife it would never ' be at Peace, fo long as two Religions flourifhed in it, and that *it was inrtilled into his ears that the Proteftants did decree ' to fpoil him of his Life and Empire. And therefore he ' would never fuffer the Proteftants who had once, whether ' upon a juftor unjuft caufe, taken up Arms againft him, to ' enjoy the benefit of his Edid, but that he would with Arms ' revenge what was done with Arms againft him i nor would ' he look upon himfelf obliged to keep his Covenants which ' he had entred into with his armed Subjeds. Thefe are the ' Arts gf Princes, the Elements of Policy, the Arcana Impc- 'rii. So Commodus of old commanded Julian, whom 'he owned and embraced as his Feather, to be (lain. Thus Aa 2 An- T'be Hifiory of ' AntoniusCaracalla, under pretence of muftcring, fleiar the * piime youth of the City. So Lyfander cut the throats of * eight hundred Milefians called together under pretence of ' friendlhip and fociety. So Sergius Galba raged upon fix thou- ' land Spaniards: and lately b^y the command of Antonius ' Spinola, the chief men of the Ifle of Coifica were called to- ' gethet to a Feaft, and flain. In our memory did Chriftiern ' a King of .a barbarous nature ufe the fame arts in the Maffa- * etc of Stockholm. So heretofore Charles 7, though recon- 'ciled to the Duke of Burgundy, yet abftained not from kit- * ling him, though he begged for his life. Nor are the difcour- * fes that the King lately had with his mother at Blois un- ' known. For when in a jocular manner profanely ufing, as * his cuftom is, the name of God, he asked her whether he * had not adted his part handfomely at the coming of the ' Qjecn of Navar ? the Queen anfwered that he had begun ' well, but thefe beginnings would little advantage him unlefs * he proceeded > But I, faid he, with often repeated oaths, will * bring them all into your toils. From thefe words, the truth * whereof you may be affured of, you ought to take coun-. * fel, and if you are wife get out of the City, and fo from the * Court, as from a moft filthy fink, with all the fpced as may *be. 3. having read this letter, though he was not a lit- tic troubled at it, yet that he might not fecm altogether to negledl the admonitions and intreaties of his friends, made anfwer > ' That there was no place left for thefe fufpitions, * that he could never perfwade himfelf that fo great perfidi- * oufnefs could enter into fo good a King, than whom France ' for this many years never had a better. That Anjou indeed * was more avcife to the Proteftant party, but that hatred * would now ceafc, even out of refpe(^ to the affinity con- * tradied with the King of Navar. For the reft, the League *entrcd into with England, and that which the King was ' now making with the Proteftant Princes of the Etnpire,did Sufficiently ffiew how he flood affiled to the Proteftants, * when as he would have one of the Sons of the Elector Pa- ^latinein histeUnue; andfomc one of the Engliffi Nobles, *as the Tarifun M^Jfacre* j • Leiceftcr or Burgleii, who were raoft forward for ReVigi^ 'on. Moreover he had given his Faith to the iPrince of • Orange and Naffau his Brother concerning aids againtt the 'Spaniards, and that a great fupply was preparing in the ' place of thofe who were routed under Jenlis their leader. ' That John Galeacius Fulgofius, who lately, returned from ' Florence, did alTore them, that Cofunus would lend the ' King two hundred thoufand Aurei towards that War. That • the King's AmbalTador did carefully pry into the counfels 'of the Duke of Alva, and daily acquaint the King with ' them. That this he knew every day from the King. That • the Navy that Philip StrolTy and Polinius Garda do com- ' mand at Broage, and upon the Coafts of Foi and by that means great injury was done to his Margarite ffo he called his Sifter^ who bore it very impatiently to hatTe the fruit of her folong expected joy de- ferred. 5. When in the mean time Coligm prejfed that the puhlick proclaiming of the Loro-Countrey War fo often deliberated about, and approved of, and now whether he would or not begun, might be no longer deferred, he again made delays, and declined if, and often replied to him, importuning him, that he had not any Counfellor or Officer of his Army to whofe faithfulnefs, induflry and diligence he could commit fo great an affair. For feme were wholly addi(^ed to the patty of theGuifesi others had other faults of their own: of his Secretaries there was only Bernardus Fiza whom he could entrutt with this fecret. At laft it was agreed that the affair (hould be committed to Momorancy and Fiza ; with which fhews of unfeigned familiarity, as he took it, and in- genuous freedom, Coligni being deceived, would not per- fwade himfelf any thing otherwife than of truly Kingly vir- i", tue, or think hardly of the moft excellent King. t?. Amidfl the T^rijian' Majfacre. -7 6. Amidft rhefe delaysCthoC;^ thing,?, as it fiiould feem, being altogether compofed, about which before there was a difference among the Confpirators, there came LcUtrs by fe- cret comport from the Kings Ambaffador with the Pope, in which the King is certified of a dilpenfation now granted, and fhortly to be fent from Rome by Port, wherein the fcru- pulous confcience of Burbon was fully fatisfied: therefore when, upon the 16 th. of the Kalends of September, they Augulii'jth, were cotttraSed by Cardinal Borbon in the Louvre, the next diy iUct the Nuptials vo^te celebrated, , An high Scaffold is eredcd before the gates of the great Church, by which they defcended by flairs untoa lower Scaf. fold, which being on every fide railed in to keep off the mul- fitude, did lead through the Church to the jnner apartment commonly called the Chore. From thence anothey Scaffold encompafied with rails did receive thofe that weht out of the Chore toward the left gate, which reached to the Bifliop's Pa- lace V thither came out of the Louvre with all l(oyal Pomp, and moft magnificent fbew, the King, the .Queen-Mother, with the Brethren the Dukes of Anjou and Alanfibn, the Gutfes, the Colonels of the Horfe, the chief Peers qf thp ing- dom leading along th^ Bride, who lodged that ;ni^ht in the Bifhop's Palace. And from the other part, the King of Na- var,wifh the Princes of .Condeand Contie his Coufins, Co- ligni Admiral of the Sea, Francifcus Count de 1? Roche-foi,r eaujt, and a great company of the Protefi^nt Noblts, who came togethcr.out of all. Provinces of th< kingdom. When the King had afcended to .that higher Scaffold, the Ceremonies in manner as was agreed being performed by Car- dinal Borbon, the King and Navar with his Party catne by the lower Scaffold into the Chore, wber^ having placed his Wife b^lore th^ great Alta; to hear Mafs, j; h.e, with Coligni and Count de fa Roche-fou eault^^apd the other Nobles,of his Rc- tinue went into the Bifhop's Palace by thet contrary door afore mentioned i from whence after Mafs was ended, being' recalled by D'Anvil, he came into the Chore again, and kif- fing his tiew Brjde before thc King, Qu^een, and the Brethien, when th?y had^iit.ertaiped one anothcKfoip? little while with I difcourfc. The Hijiory of difcourff, they returned into the Bifhop's Palace, where din- ner was provided. And I well remember when as Mafs be- ing ended, I was admitted through the rails into the Chore, and ftanding nigh to Coligni, while I fixed my eyes upon him, and curioufly obfervedhim,! heard him fay, difcourfing with d'Anville, and looking up to the Enfigns faltned up and down, and the fad Monuments of the Battel of Baflac and Moncountour," That ere long thefe being taken down, others "more pleafing fhould Be fet up in their placesx which words, then he meant the Low-Country War, which as he thought wis now refolved upon, others interpreted as though he had thoughts of a new Civil War, which he fo much abhorred. 7. After Dinner they went into the Palace, where a royal ^Supper was prepared, and all orders of the City and the Se- nate, together with the Courts of Accounts, Cuftoms and Trealury are entertained according as is ufual in a moft lumptuous manner : a (hort time was fpent in dancing •, af- tcrwards itturUtdei were brought in. The reprefentation of three Rocks filvered over, upon which the three Brethren, the King, the Duke of Anjou, and Duke of Alanfon did fit, and feven more, upon which Gods and Sca-monfters were fet, which followed, being drawn along in Coaches, and were brought through the great Hall of the Palace, which was di- Vided by a triumphal arch in the middle, and when they made aftand, feme choice Mufttians recited Verfes in their own Tongue, compofed by the bcft of their Poets. And thus a great part of the night being fpent in interludes, they after- wards betook themfelves to their reft- The next day being not able to rife before the Sun was got high, at three a dock after-noon they went to dinner at the Duke of Anjou's Palace, where after dancing they went to- ward the evening to the Louvre. The day foJlomttg being Wednefday, running at Tilt, and interludes which had been a long while in preparing, were exhibited at the Cardinal Bourbon^s Falacti there were repre- fented upon the right hand the Manlions of the bleffed, and a little below the Elyfian-fields pofiefTed by 12 Nymphs, oti the the Tariftan Majpacre. the other fide on the left-hand was repvclcntcd Hell flaming with fire and brimflone, and full of fpiights a«vJ frightful ghofts. ■ The Brethren, the King, the Duke of Anjou, and the Duke of Alanfon defended Paradife as they called it: which many Knights Errant fceking to break into, of whom Navar was Captain > they were every one of them repulfed, and at laft thrown headlong down into Hell. Then Mercury riding upon a Cock, and together with hirn Cupid came Aiding down to the defendants,^ and then after much difcourfe with them returned into Heaven. Then the three defen- dants canne to the Nymphs wandring in the pleafant green fields, and led them into the middle of the Hall, where the Spe(9:ators were with much pleafure entertained' with new Dances about the Fountain for a full hour. Then the defen- dants being prevailed upon by their entreaties, the Knights Errant that were Aiut up in Hell were releafed i whoprefent- ly in a confufed skirmilh break their fpears : at laft the Gun- powder that was laid by pipes about the Fountain being fired, tire broak forth with a great noife, and confuraed all their Scenes, and fo all departed. This Aiew was variouAy interpreted, for that the aflailants who were moft of them Proteftants,' did in vain attempt to get into the feats of the bleAed, and were afterwards thruft down into Hell: for fo they put a mockery upon the Prote- Aants, and others did bode that it portended feme miichief. However, certain it is, that Francis E. o/Mflr«or and then throwing his rocket upon the ground, he withdrew into the inner Caftle. Guife leaving the Tennis Court, de- parted another way. Here all were full of wonder, and thany were difturbed, being troubled in their minds to think what thofe things would come to. Many, even of thofe who bare no great good will to Coligny, dctefted the fa(9:. But Navar and CoMdepnfemly repair to him.y and when as in their prefence he was handled by the Chirurgions, he was heard amidft all his pain to fay Conly^ this. Is this the goodly reconciliation that the King did undertake for ? then turning to Moore, Chaplain to the late Qj/:en of Navar, he pronounced thefe words, " Ah my Brother, now I knovy I am beloved of God, the Variftan Majfacre, - " for that I have received thefe wounds for his moft holy " Names fake. God grant I may never forget his accuftomed "mercies towards me. But when Ambrofius Paraeus the King's Chirurgeon told him that the Gangreen growing on, his finger muff be cut off, and did attempt to do it with an infirument that had no good edge, though he was forced to open and fhut the (hears three times, yet he gave no fign of fenfe of his moft (harp pain : when he came to his left arm Merlin Condc's Chaplain came in, who when he began to comfort him out of the holy Scriptures, he brake out into thefe words i "My God, forfake me not in thefe troubles, " nor ceafcfrom thy accuftomed mercies towards me. Then he whifpered in the ear to one who held up his arm, that he fhould deliver to Merlin an hundred Aurei to be diftributed to the poor of the Church of Paris: this I have often heard Pa- rxus fpeak of, almoft in the fame words. Thence Navar and Conde go to the Kingi and complain of the indignity of the fa and fince they and theirs could not be fecure at Paris, they defire leave to depart. Upon this the King aggravating the matter to the higheft,and adding deeper oaths than before, promifed that he would take fuch revenge upon the Affafine, the authors and abetters of this fatS^ as fhould fatisfy Coligny and his friends, and fhould be an exam- pie to others for the future: that what was done was as great a grief to him as to any, but fince what was done could not be undone, he would take the greateft care that might be for a remedy, and would make all men underftand that Coligny had the wound, but he had the fmart: and that they might beeye-witneffes of this thing, he defires them that they would not depart out of Paris. And he difcourfing thus, Queen Katharine, who was then prefent, feconded, and faith, " The affront was offered to the "King, not to Coligny > and if this villany fliould not be " punifhed, it would ere long come to that pafs, that they " would even dare to fet upon the King himfelf in his houfe: " therefore all means are to be ufed moft (harply to revenge " fo great a villany. Thefe words being fpoken with much heat, and feeming indignation, the.minds of Navar and-Con- de. 'the mjiorj of dc were fomewhat appeafed, who did not btVtcvc there was any diffiinulation, fo that there was not a word more made of their dep'Ttute out of the City. Prefently fame werefent tofurfue the Ajfafine^ though none as yet knew who he was. Ail .'he gates of the City are fhut up till feaich had been made, except two, by which provifion was brought in, and even they were kept by a guard appointed by the King. In the mean while the maid and the boy that were taken in Villemur's houfe, who was then from home, were examined a part by Chriftopher Thmnus, and Bcrnar- dus Prevotius Morfanus, Prelidenfs of the Court, and James Viole a Senator : and the maid confefled that a few daits fince Villerius ChalliuSia fervant of the Guifes, brought a Souldiet to that houfe, and cotnoiendcd him to her, as it he had been the Matter of the houfe, being a very near friend and fami- liar acquaintance of his, and that therefore he made ufe, as long as he was there, of Villemur's Chamber and Bed j but what his name was he did indutttioufly conceal. The boy who had ferved the Affafinc but a few days, faid he was fent by his Matter, Cwho dilTembled his name, and called himfelf fometimes Holland, fometimes Bondol the King's Archer) in the morning to Challius, to defire him from him, that he would have'the horfes in readinefs, which he promifcd him. From all which difcoveries it was yet un- certain who was the Aflafine; but when as they both agreed in Challius, it was given in charge to Caspar Cattrseus Nau- C3CUS, Captain of the King's Guard, that he fhould feize him, and bring him forth to examination. Then Letters are writ- ten to the Governors of the Provinces by the King, in which he detetted the fatff, and commanded that they fhould make it their bufinefs that all might underttand that it did highly grieve him, and that ere long there (hould be given a molt fe- vere example of fo great a crime. In the mean while d'Anville-, CcJfteuJ and Villarius Mar- (hih^vifituigColigny about noon, faluted him in moft friendly manner, and told him that that they did not come thither to exhort him to patience and fortitude: For that,fay they, " thtle virtues, are as it were natural to thee > thou halt been wont the Tarijian Aiajfacre: 17 " wont to admoniih others, and therefore wilt not be wanting "tothyfelf. He attfweriMgv/'nh a fmiling countenance, faid, " I fpeak truly, and from my heart, death doth nothing af- " fright me. I am ready moft willingly to render to God " that fpirit which I have received from him, whenfoevet he " (hall require it. But I do greatly deilre an opportunity to " confer with the King before I depart this life > for I have " fome things to acquaint him with, which concern both " him, and the fafety and honour of the Kingdom, which I " am well affured none of you dares carry to him. Then d'Anviile told him he would willingly acquaint the King with that fhis dcfirej •, and having fo faid, he with Villa- rius and Teligny daparted, leaving ColTseus there, to whom Coligny faid. Do you remember what I faid to you a few hours iince ? be wife, and take heed to your felf. What he meant by thcfe words was not underftood by all. 12, But when jfce Kiwg knew by d'Anville and Teligny his dtfire, he in (hew feemed not unwilling to come to him about the afternoon. There came together with him the Q^een-Mother, with the Brethren,Anjou and Alanfon, Car- dina! Borbon, MonpeniTer, Nevers, CoiTaeus and Tavanius, Villarius, Meruvius, Thoreus, Momorancies Brethren, Mar- (hals, Naucaeus and.Radefianus. Thefe being let in, the re(i are by the King's command (hut out, except Teligny and a Gentleman of the Family, who (food at the Chamber-door i here it is publilhed in writing, that fome (ecrefs were difco- vered to the King by Coligny,but others deny if, and fay that the difcovery of this fecret was purpofely hindered by the Queen, left the King, whofe nature (he began to diftruft, be- ing mollified, and perfwaded by the word of Coligny, (hould change his refolution. That which was openly heard was this, when Coligny gave the King thanks, the King with a fad and troubled countenance did earneftly enquire of his ftate, and did proteft, that what had happened to hi m was a very great grief to him. ' The wound is thine, faid he, but ' the pain is mine. But I fwear ("then according to his man- ^ ' ner he fwore) I will fo feverely revenge this injury, that the ' memory of it (hall never be blotted out of the minds of Cc 'men. The mflory of men. To this Coligny anftrmd, God is my witnefs, before ' whofe tribunal I now feem (ready J to Hand,that I have been * all my life long moft loyal and Jaithful to your Majefty, and ' I always, and with all my heart, defired that your Kingdom ' might be moft flourifhing and peaceable. And yet 1 am not * ignorant that there have been fome who have called me ' Tray tor, and Rebel, and a perturber of our Kingdomi but 1 * truftjGod will (bme time or other judg between me & them, * before whom I am ready, if it be his pleafure that I Qiould at ' this time depart out of this life, to give an account of my 'faith and obfervance towards you. Moreover, whereas I ' have been advanced by Henry your Father to many and ' great honours which your Majefty hath been pleafed to con- ' firm to me i I cannot but according to that faith and love ' that 1 have for your affairs, defire that you would not let 'flip fo notable an opportunity of an happy enterprize, efpe- ' dally now that the breach is already made, and there are ma- * ny tokens and pledges of your mind, as to the Belgiek Ex- 'pedition i fo as if the matter now begun be relinquifhed, ' it will be very dangerous to your Kingdom. Is it not a ' moft unworthy thing that an egg cannot be moved in your ' Privy Council, but prefently almoft before it be turned, a ' roeffenger runneth and reporteth it to the Duke of Alva ? ' Is it not a moft bafe thing that 300 either Gentlemen or gal- * lant foldiers taken in Jenlis his fight,(hould by the command 'of Alva either be hanged, or undergo fome other kind of * punifhment ? which thing I do yet perceive to be here in the 'Court a matter of jefting and laughing. A third thing * which I did defire todifcourfe with your Majefty about, is ' the contempt of the Pacificatory Edidt offered by thofe that ' are in place of Jutifdidiion, who do in moft grievous man- * ner daily violate the faith that was given by you j of which ' faith and oath even foreign Princes are witneflTes. But as I ' have often told your Majefty and the Queen-Mother, I do ' not think there ii any furer way of preferving peace and pub- * lick tranquility, than by a religious and fevtre oblervance of 'the EditSs. But they are fo contemned, that of late at , * Troyes there was an affault made upon the fervants of the ' ' wife the Tarifim Majfdcrel •'wife of the Prince of Conde; and when as fhe, according * to the form of you* Edift, had chofen a certain Village cal- ' led Infula, in which our Religion fliould be exercifed, yet 'notwithftanding, of late, a certain man, and a nurfe, and an ' infant, that was brought to the holy font, were flain upon * the way whiles they were returning from a Sermon that was 'made in that place. And this happened a little before the lotL ' 4fh. Eid,dtil. To this the King anfrvered. 'lefteeta thee, my Father, as ' I have often affured thee for a valiant and faithful perfbn, ' and one that is moft careful for my honour. Laftly, I look ' upon thee as one of the chiefeft and molt valiant Comman- ' ders of my Kingdom > nor if I had any other opinion of ' thee, would I have done what I have for thee. As for the 'Edift which I lately ilTued out, 1 have always wifhcd, and do ' with that it may be moft diligently obferved. And to that 'putpofel have taken care that feme choice peifons (hould * be fent through the Provinces, that may make this their bu- ' finefs i whom if thou doeft fufpcdt, others lhall be fent in 'their places i (for in difcourfe he had faid he did fufpeCt them who had condemned him to death, and hanging, and fet a price of fifty thoufand Aurei upon his head). Then, that he might break olF this difcourfe, he added, ' I fee, my 'Father, that you fpeak earneftly, and that earneflnefs may 'hurt both you and your wounds. I will take care of this affair, ("and again, fweaiingby the name of God), ' Ido af- ' fure you that I will moft feverely revenge this injury upon ' the Authors of it, as if it were offered to my felf. Then he, there is not need of any great fearch for the Author of the fad, nor arc the difcoveries already made very doubtful. But it is enough, and upon that account, in the moft humble man- ner that I can, I give your Majefty thanks that you are plea- fed gracioufly to ptomife me to do me right. Then the King taking afide that Gentleman of the houfe- hold that flood at the doie, commanded him to fhew him the bullet whcsewith Coligny was wounded, and which was tz- ken out of the wound, that he might look upon it. It was a brazen one t then he enquired of him, fitft, whether much Cc 2 bloud The Hijiory of bloud flowed out of the wound \ nex% whether Coligny did fignify the grievous pains he felt by out-cries and complaints. And having commended his conflancy, and the greatnefs of liis mind, he commanded that Gentleman that he (hould not depart from him. Thcfe things pafled for about the fpace of an hour in the Chamber of Coligny: the King drawing out the time with wandring difcourfes, and that he might put off the bufinefs of the Belgick War, to the mention of which, it is obfervcd that he made no anfwer. Among thefe difcourfes Radefianus fpoke to a friend of Coligny's concerning the removing him info the Caflleof the Louvre for his greater fccujity, if the people fnould tumultuatewhich thing the King himfelf did fcmetime repeat, which almofl all did interpret as an argu- ment of the King's care of the health of Coligny. But when the Phyfitians, and chiefly Francis Ma2illes the King's chief Phyfitian, anfwered there was danger, if his body fhould be fliakcn in the carrying whiles his wounds were fiefh, he would by no means be removed. 13. After the King departed, the Nobles of the Protejlant party takg comfel together, and John of Ferriers Vidame of Chartres,in the prefence of Navarand Conde, conjcdduring what was indeed the matter, faid that the Tragedy was begun by the wound of Coligny, but would end in the bloud of them all. Therefore he thought kmoftfafe, that without de- lay they (hould depart the City : he produced teflimoniesand tokens for his opinion from the rumors that were fpread abroad i for it was heard by many, when upon the day of Marriage the Proteflants went out of the Church that they iTiight not engage in worfhipi the Papiils faid, by way of mirth, that within a few days they (hould hear Mafs. Alfo it was openly fpoken in difcourfe by the chief of the City, that at that Mariiage (hould be poured out more bloud than wine. That one of (he Proteflant Nobles was advifed by the prefident of the Senate, that he (hould with all his family betake himfelf for fome days into the Country. Beiides thefe things, the counfel of Johannes Monlucius Bifhop of Va- Jence (when he was going Ambafftdor into. Poland,) given ta the Farijian MaJJacre^ Oi to Roch-fou-cault, that he would not fuffcr hImfeJf tobe in- foxicated, and turned about by the fmoke and unwonted fa- vour of the Court, which defervcdly ought to be fufpedfed by all wife and cautious perfons, that he would not be too fe- cure to run himfelf into danger, and that he would timely withdraw himfelf, together with other Nobles, from the Courf. But Tcligny being of another mind, and faying that he was abundantly fatisfied of the fincere love and good will of the King, Ferrerius, and thofe that thought as he he did, could not be heard. The next day the Page was again examined, and new wit- neffes produced. In this examination Arnold Cayagnes was engaged, for fo Coligny did defire, and all things were done in (hew, as if there had been a diligent enquiry into the bu- finefs. The next day, when as Coligny, and by his command 6er- naton in the name of his fellows (who, he faid, knew for certain that the Parilians, that is deadly enemies of Coligny would tumultuate, and take Arms), defired of the King and his Brother Anjou, a guard, of fome Souldiers fo be fet to poteU the houje of Coligny, that if the people (hould, make any difturbance, they might be reflrained by fear of the King's guards, they both of them anfwered kindly and free- Jy, and it was given in command tq Coflinius Colonel.of the Regiment of the Cuards^ that wkb fome choice Bands he ftiould keep watch before the dpresof Coligny. .To thefc were joyhed, to avoid fufpition, fome, but few in number, of the Switzers of the gtjards of Navar. Moreover, for the greater fecurity, it was ordered by the King, that the Gentle- men of the Proteftants who were.in the City,, (hould lodges near Coligny Is hou(e, and it was giyeip^iii jcpmmand to Quar- ter mailers forthwith toaffign lodgings; and the King gavo command with a loud voice, that all might hear it, to one of the Colonels, that no Catholick (hould be fuflfered fo comc' thither, nor (hould they fpare the life of any that (hould da otherwife. Upon this oceafion the Corporals went from' place to place,and wrote down the names erf ProteBants, and advir The fiijiory of advifed them to repair neat to Coligny, for that the King would have it fo. Thcfeandfuch like figns and whifpetings abroad, thoagh they had been enough to have warned the Protef^ints, if they had not been infatuated i yet by the confiant diflimulation of the King it came to pals, that Coligny and Tcligny could not perfwade themfelves that any fuch cruelty was in his mind. Therefore when the Nobles emred Into ^cMfultation in the Chamber of Cornaton^ in the houfe of Coligny upon the fame matter, and the Vifdame of Chaitres perftvered in the fame opinion, that they Ihould depart the City as foon as might be, and prevent that imminent danger, though with feme di fad vantage to Coligny's health, who yet was that day fomewhat better. Teligny was of opinion, and Navar and Conde agreed with him that they Ihould Hay in the City, othcrwife they Ihould offer a great affront to the King, that was fo well affeiffed towards them. i4.There was a fofpition left this Ihould be caricd to the King by one that wis then prefent, that was Buchavanius Bajancu- rjus, one very familiar with the Queen, who prefently hafted to the Tuilleries, where a Counfel was held by the Gonjpirators under a colour of walking» there was the laft time that they confulted of the manner of executing the defign. There were prefent bcfides, the King, Queen, and Arrpm, the Dukes of Nrjers ind Angolefme, the Bt&itd, Biragus, Tavannes and Kadcfunus, ' And fince by the death of one man whom the * Phyfitians did affirm was like to recover of his wound, the ' grievance of the Kingdom, which was nourilhed by him, ' and diffufed into many, could not be extinguilhed,it feeraed \ *good that it Ihould be fupprcffed by the mine of alU and ' that Wrath which God would not have to be fatisfied with ' the bloud of Coligny alone, Ihould be poured out upon all ' the Sectaries. That was their voluntary refolution at firft, * and now by the event, neceflity and force is put upon their 'counfels, that the danger that hangs over the King and the * whole Kingdom, cannot be avoided without the mine of ' Coligny and all the Proteftants. For what would not he do the VnriJiAtt Majfacre. 21 *<3o Co long as the fatSion of the Rebels- remains entire after • fuch an injury ? who, when he was no way provoked, was ' fo long injurious to the King, and hurtful to the Kingdom ? ' whom now all might forefee, and dread, going out of Paris ' with his party, as a Lion out of his den, raging againft all ' without refpetft. Therefore the reins are to be let loofe to 'the people, who are of themfelvcs ready enough, nor ought ' they any longer to withftand the will of God, which would • not that more mild Counfels (hou1d take efFetS. After the • thing is efFcdfed, there will not want reafons whereby it may • beexcufed, the fault being laid upon the Guifians, which • they would gladly take upon them. Therefore all agreed upon the utter rf)ine of the Prote- ftants by a total llaughtet. To which opinion the Qjeen was even by her own nature and proper defign enclined i fame time was fpent in deliberating * whether Navar and ^ The Du^e of Conde Jhould be exempt (torn the number of the reft i and as Gmfe leoas ur- for Navar, all their fuffrages agreed upon the account of his Royal Dignity, and the Affinity that he had lately contraded. Sfcf For that fadf which of it felf could not but be blamed by ma- of conde (lain ny, would be fo much the more blamed, if a great Prince near fhe reft. of Bloud to the King, joyned in a very late affinity, fhould be flain in the King's Palace, in the arms as it were of the King ^Lud^^hethcr his Brother-in-law, and in the embraces of his Wife. For among the red there would be no fufficient excufe, nor would thoka.tg\x-they jhould com' njents prevail to excufe the King, which might caft the blame Ptthend the upon the Guifians. Concerning Conde there was a greater debate, he lying under the load of his fathers faults: yet Brothers^rvbo both the dignity of the man, and the authority of Ludovicus profefedthe ca- Gonzaga Duke of Nevers, affirming that he would be loyal thoHc^ Religi' and obedient to the King, and alfo offiiihg himfelf asa furety to for him, upon the account of that clofe and manifold relation coligjy-^ht that was between them i (for Conde had lately married Mary they tvere [pa- of Cleve the Sifter of Henrica Wife of the Duke of Nevers), ftd,tecaufe the did prevail that he fhould be fpared, and exempt from the number of thofe that were defigned for the flaughter, as well as Navar. . [enc.Va.p.'^'jQ^ 15. Upon this the Duke of Anjott and Engokfmt the Baftard depar» - 24- The Hijlory of departing, as they rode in their Coach through the City, they fpread abroad a rumdr as if the King had fent for Morr.orancy, and was about to bring him into the City with a feledi nurri- ber of hoife. The very fame hour there was one apprehended who was fufpededof the hurt of Coligtty, who conftfled himfelf to be a fervant of theGuifes* which, when it was underdood,G«i/e and Aumale, and otheis oi the Family went to the King to remove that fufpition » and complain that they were opprefled through the favour that wa< (hewed to their enemies: that the cars of Judges were open to calumnies caft upon them, and that tho they were guiltlefs, yet they were manifeftly fet againff; that they had a long time obferved that they were, for what caufe they knew not,every day lefs gracious with the King : but yet chat they did diffemble it, and hoped that time, which is the beft Matter of truth, would at la(f Inform him more certainly of the whole matter. But fince they find no place for their innocence, they did, though unwillingly, and as forced to if, defire that with his good leave re/»rw home- This was done openly, and it was obferved that the Kinganfwcred to thefe things fomewhat coldly, and the ra^ ther,that he might perfwade the Froteftants that he bare no good will to the Guifians. Upon this the King advifeth Navar that he (hould afford no occafion of mifchief to the audacity and violentnefs of the Guifians, things being fo enflamed, and the people enclining to the Guifian party. That he (hould command thofe whom he knew moft faithful of his fervants to come into the Louvre, to be ready upon any fudden accident i which Na- var did, interpreting it in good part, calling thofe which were moft ad:ive to lodge with him that night in the Louvre Cattle. Wife men alfo did prefage fame future commotionsthey obferved armed men to run up and down about the City and the Louvre, the people to mutter, threatnings to be every ^ where heard. This being brought to Coligny, he who no way doubted of the good will of the King, but rfiought it to I be the devife of the Guifians to enflame the peop\c^ fends one to theVari^anMaJJacn. 25 to the Khtg^ who (hould in his name acquaint htm with iV. To whom the King anfwcred, that Coligny need fear nothing ; for thofe things were done by his command, to compofe the tumults of the people that were ftirred up by the Guilians. Therefore, that his mind might be fecure, It was alto told Tcligny the very lame hour, that Torters laden roitb Arms were feen to be brought into the Louvre; But he contemned the meffage, and anfwered, that unnecelTary fufpitions were fought for in this fad and difmal time,and for- bad that thisfhculd be made known to Coligny, alfetSting the unfeafonable reputation of prudence and moderation, from his defpiling of reports, and conftquently of dangers : and excufing the matter, as if thofe Arms were carried into the Louvre upon the account of a Caftic reprefented and aflaul- ted in a (hew. 16. Forthwith Gwi/e, to whom the chief command of the execution of the whole matter was committed, calling together in the deep of night fome Captains of the Switzers, and the Captains of the French Troops, explains to them the Kings xvill and plea fur e. ' That the time was come wherein, * by the King's command, punilhment (hould be taken upon ' that head that was fo hateful both to God and men, and al- ' fo upon the whole fa6tion of the Rebels; that the beaft was ' now in their toils; that they (hould take care that he e(cape * not: that they (hould not be wanting to fuch an opportune ' occafion, of obtaining a more glorious triumph than they ' ever yet obtained in all their former Wars, with the bloud * of fo many Royallifls: that the Vi(Sory was cafy: that ' rich fpoils are propofed, which they might acquire without ' bloud, as rewards of their good fervice. Upon this the Smizers are placed about the Louvre, to whom are joyned the French Troops, and command was given that they (hoi^ild look to it, that no man of the Family of Nivar or Conde (hould go out of the Louvre. The keeping of Coligny s houfe was committed to Coffenius, to whom was given a party of Mufquetteets to lie in the neighbouring houfes, that none might efcape them. Matters The Bijiory of Matters being fo difpofed as to the foreign Souldiers, the Duke of Guift calls to him, John Charron, Prcfident of the Court of Revenues, f who, after a long canvafing, and often repulfes, was at laft put into that GffiwC in the place of Mat- ccllus Provcft of the Merchants), and commands him that he fliould give notice to the Corporals to command their Souldiers to their Arms, but that they fhould remain at the Town-Hall till midnight, thete to underhand what was needful to be done. The fame thing was given in command to Marcellus, who though he was difcharged of his office, yet for forae private good offices that he had done, was retained in the Queens fa- vour, and kept his authority, though he loft his dignity. He by often going to the Court, brought himfclf into an opini- on with men, that he was in favour with the King and Queen > and upon that account was acceptable to the people, and from his mouth the people, that were of themfelves apt enough to ftirs, were certified, ' That it was the King's plea- ' fure that they ffiould fake Arms to cut oflT Coligny and the * other Rebels j that therefore they ffiould fee to it that none ' were fpared, nor that thofe wicked men ffiould be any where ' concealed. So the King will have ft, fo he commands, who ' alfo will provide that other Cities of the Kingdom do pre- 'fently follow the example of the Parifians. The fign at ' which they ffiould rife, is the tolling of the bell of tfrc Pa- ' lacc-clock. The Mark^ whereby they ffiould be diflinguiffied * from others, is white linen-cloath bound about their left * arm, and a white crofs in their hats. That good ftore of ' them ffiould therefore be ready with arms and good courage, ' and take care that candles be lighted in their windows ' throughout all their houfes: that no ftir or tumult arife be- 'fore the fign given. The commands and admonitiotw of Marcellus are readily received by the Corporals, Colonels, Captains and Wardfmen of the City, who put themfelves into a pofluie with the grcateft filence that the fudden ftate of things would permit; fetting their Guards in the ftreets and paffages, but at firft within dores. On the other part, the Duke of Guife and An- ^olefme the Tarijlan Maffacre^ 27 golcfinc did what they could that things might be done as they were otdcrcd. T!bi Quetnfearing leli the King,whom fhe thought (he did ob- ferve ftill wavering and ftaggering at the horridnefs of the et\tctpt\ze,JhouldchaHge his mind^comes into his Bed chamber at midnight^ whither prefently Anjou, Nevers, Biragusj Tavannes, Kadeftanus,zad after them G«iyc came by agreement. There they immind the King, befitating, and after a long difcourfe had to and fro, upbraided by his Mother, that by his delaying he would let flip a fair occaflon offered him by God, of fub- duing his enemies. By which fpeech * the King finding him- * Ui ditd in y, felf accufed of Cowardife, and being of himfelf of a fierce ^e/s thin tret nature, and accuftomed to bloud-fhed, was inflamed, and command to put the thing in execution. Therefore the ^een proatinr'as laying hold of his prefcnt heat, left by delaying it (hould vis fufpeked, flack, commands that the fign which was to have hten f ompoifon given at break of day (hould be haftened, and that the Bell of the nearer Church of St. German Auxerrois Jhonld he And Bfothsf 17. The Souldiers had for fome time ftood ready in their Anjoa-y. 157. Arms drawn up in the ftreets, expeding the fign with greedy ears and defires; by whofe clattering and unufual noife at fo unfeafonable a time, the Vrotejiants who lodged by the King's command in the neighbouring lodgings, being awah^ned, went fortht and repaired toward the Louvre, where the concourfe was, and enquiring of thofe they met what was the meaning of that concourfe of fo many armed men, and why fo many candles were lighted, they, as they were inftru(fled (before- hand^ anfwered, that there was a certain mock-fight prepa- ring, and that many from all parts did flock together to the fight. But when notwithftanding they went on further, they are injurioHfiy repelled by the Guards that ftood near the Caftle, then railed upon, arid reviledv laftly, they were beaten » the firft blow being given by a Gafcoign, and one of them having received a blow, the rejl fell upon tbem. Dd 2 Whick 28 '^he Uijiory of which the * ^teen unaciftanaiog, being impatient of all * She lived to , , ^ .u. took occafion to tell the King that the Soul- diets couia not now be .eftrainca, that he (bonld command t/r?o(lerlty, the figtt fiom the Palace prcfcntly to ^ given; for it was to and to fee the be fearea, that if it were delayed any longer, all would be in eieath of all her ^ ^.j^nfyfion, and things would fall out otherwife that! he de- /oas but Anjou, Therefore by his conunand the Bell of St. Germans Zrll7fZ Church is tolled before break of day ix Kal. VII br^ which months.behg day is the Fead of St. Bartholomew, and tell upon a Sunday. nrefently Guife mth Eiigokfme and f Attmale go to Co- and thisflai^ Mean time Coligny being axpahfned, he underftood by the on^ murdered by noife that ihey wcie rifen into fedition, yet being lecure, and 4 Fryer. Mgofl fj,. g jbe good will of the King, whether through his V'mraas (lain ^wn credulity, or through the perfwafion of his Son-in-Iiw inMmhfo" Teligny, he thus thought with himfelfi that the people were loTxini, before ftirred up by the Guifians, but asfoon as they thould fee the KocheLLsi. fling's Guards under the command of Coflenius for the de- fence of him and his, as he fuppofed, they would immediately ^^^But'^the tumult growing on, when he perceived a Gun dif- charged in the Court-yard of the houfe, then at laft, but too \'kxe^con)eUwing tphat the thing indeed was, he rofe from his bed, and putting on his night-gown, he raifed himfelf upon his feet to his Prayers, leaning againft the wall. La Bonne kept the keys of the houfe, who being commanded by Coflenius, in the King's Name, to open the Gate, he fufpe for fo the King com- roandcth; the Tarifian MaJJacre. 3^1 mandeth : which words being often repeated, when forth- with iht Bell cf the Palace clock rang out i they every where crycd, Arm, aim, and the people prefently ran to Coligny's houfe > then the carkafs after it had been abufed in a ftrange manner, is caft into the next Stable, and at laft cutting off his head, (which was fent as far as Rome), and his privy- members, and his hands, and his feet, they dragged it about the flreets to the bank of Siene i which thing he had former- ly prefaged by an ominous word, though he thought no fuch thing. When he was about to be thrown into the River by the boys, from thence he was drawn to the Gibbet of Mount Faucon, where, with his legs upward, and his body down- ward, he is hanged in iron-chains; then a fire is made under him, by which he is only fcorched, not confumed \ that he might as it were be tormented through all the E'ements, fliin upon the earth, drowned in the water, burnt in the fire, and hanged in the air,"" There when (his corps) had been expofcd for feme days to the lull and rage of all fpedtator^ and to the juft indignation of many, who did boad that that rage would hereafter coft the King and all France dearly, Francis Momorancy, who had timely withdrawn himfelf from the danger, being near of kin, and nearer by fricndfhip to the dead, took care that he (hould by fome trufty men be taken down by night, and committed to the earth in a Chapel at Chantilly. In Coligny's houfe were flain in the tumult whofoever thcy met, or found hiding themf^ves i and then the Souldiers be- fake themfelves to plunder, and breaking open Chefts, they take away mony, and other precious things, only they pre-- frrve letters and papers, for fo the Queen commanded. 18. Thence Ntvers^ and Tavames, and Monpenfer, ("who joyncd himfelf to them, through the hatred that he bore to Proteftants) ride armed through the ^ity, and fpurred 04 the people that ran already, telling them, ' That Coligny and his ' Affbciates had laid a plot againft the King, the Q^een, the ' King's Brethren,and Navat himfelf, and that it was detected 'by the lingular Grace of God^ and that the King prevented 'them T^e tJiJlory of them only in time; therefore, that they (hould not fpare the * bioud of thofe wicked men, who are the capital enemies of * the King and Country, but that they (hould fly upon their ' goods as fpoil lawfully gotten» that it was the King's plea- ' fure, that that peftiferous ferpcntine (eed (hould be cxtirpa- ' ted, that the poifon of herefy being extingui(hed, there * (hould for the future not fo much as a word be fpoken of ' any Religion but that of their fore-Fathers. Then all being let loofe to fatisfy their hatreds, every one profecuted his enemy and rival with embittered minds. Ma- ny brake into houfes through defire of prey» all ran upon the (laughter without diftin^tion. At the fame time Francis Count de la Roche-fou cault, being for his facetioufnefs and pleafantncfs in difcourfe very gracious with the King, when as but the day before he had, though unfeafonably, drawn out the night till late in jefling with the King, and from thence betook himfelf to his own houfe, he underwent the fame fate with Coligny. For Bargius Avernur knocks at Roche-fou- cauh's houfe, and telling him he had fomething^ to acquaint him with from the King i Roche-fou-cault himfelf comman- ding the dores to be unlocked, he Is admitted inj when he faw men, as he thought, in difguifes,fuppo{iDgthe King was not far off, who had fent men in jeft to beat him, he beggeth them that they woqid deal better with him; but miferable man, he found that the thing was not to be aded in jeft, but in earned» when his houfe being plundered before his eyes, he himfelf half naked, was mott cruelly butchered by one that ftood by him. Alfo teligny the fon-in-law of Coligny having, by running over the tops of houfes, dcaped the hands of many, and at laft beiiig efpied by the Guards of Anjou, he is alfo (lain. Antonius Claromonlius Marqutfs of Revel, Brother, by the Mother,to Prince Porcian, who had a conteft with Ludovicus Claromonlius Bujjius of Ambois, concerning the Marquefat of Revel, came ta Paris in the company of Navar, hoping there to put an end to his troublefome controverfy. But the matter had a quite other end than he expelled; for when in the PariJ^an Majfacre: iQ thaf tumult he fled into the houfe that was next to his, at length he fell into the hands of his Coufin-German, putfuiug him, who being his enemy upon no other account but the matter in contioverfy,cruelly flew him. But not long after the controverfy being brought to an heating, fentence was given for Buflius, but with no more happy luccefs; for by vir- rue of an Edid: afterwards made in favour of the Proteftants, the fentence was repealed, and Ludovicus himfclf was for a far different caufe, with the fame cruelty beheaded. Antonius Marafinus GuerchtHJ a flout man, who the day be- fore had asked Coligny that he might lodge in his houfe, when, being in diftrefs, he had not time to hide himfelf, ta- king his Cloak upon his arm, and drawing his fword, he for a long time defended himfclf againfl the Affafines •, yet he flew none of them) being all in Coats of Male, but at iafl was overpowred by the multitude. The fame calamity involved Baudmut. Cthc Brother of Acierius) Pluvialiuf, being cruelly flain by the King's Souldiers : as alfo Carolus ^eVevetus Pontius, Prcfident of Armorica, who had married Katharina Parthensea, daughter and heir of John Subizius: but the Mother of Parthensea complaining of the frigidity of her fon-in-law, a Suit had been commenced to dlffolvc the Marriage, but was not yet de- termined. Therefore, when the bodies of the fliin were thrown down as they were flain before the Palace, and in the fight of the King and Queen,and all the Court retinue, many Court-Ladies not being affrighted at the horridnefs of (uch a fpedacle, did with curious eyes (hamefully behold the naked bodies, and efpeclally fixing their eyes on Pontius, did ex- amine if they could by any means difcover the figns of his frigidity. CaroJuf Btllomaneritts Lavardims-, thcKinfman of Pontius, and fometimc Tutor to the King of Navar in his childhood, fell into the hands of Petrus Lupus Prefident of the Court, a good man, who when he would have favcd him, and was commanded by the Emiffiries of the Court to difpatch his prifoner i he, as he was a man of a ready and pleafint wit, asked fo much time as till he could raife his paliian j by which E e fpeech the Uifiory of fpecch he for fomc time eluded their crucHy •, but by and by a Mcflcnger coming from the Pilate as from the King, he was forced to deliver him into the hands of the Guard, who were to carry him before the King v but they in the way fitft dabbed Lavardinus with daggers, and then threw him over the Mill bridge into the River. The fame fortune, and in the fame place,ran Clauditts Gait' dimelus^^n excellent Mufitian in cur Age : who fet the Pfalms of David, as they were put into vcrfe in the Mother-tongue by Clemens Marof, and Theodoret Belt, to divers pleafant tunes, as they are now fung in the publick and private meet- ings of the Proteftants. Briol'tHs a Gentleman who was Tutor to Marquefs Conte in his childhood, venerable for his grey-head, being now an old man, was likewife flain in the embraces of his Pupil, who ftretched forth his arms, and oppofcd his own body to the blows. Truly lamentable was the fpcdHclc of Francijcus Ncmfar CaHmonliut'. who had lodged in that neighbourhood, but which fortune, fporting after her manner, mingled with an event of unexpetfied joyfulnefs: he with his two fons, whom he loved wiih a paternal aff-dfion, being taken in bed by the murdercrs,who profecuted him with his children,not through an hatred of his Religion, but through hope of gain, was flain with one of his fons; the other being all bloudy with the bloud that flowed upon him, faving himfelffrom their blows, as he could at that tender age, ffor he was hardly twelve years old), by the interpofition of the dead bodies, diflem- bling himfelf dead, he was at laft left by ihem for dead : a little after, more ran flocking to the houfc fnrprey, of whom fome commended the fadf, as well done i (for not (inly wild beafts, but their whelps are altogether to be deftroyedJ; others that had more humanity, faid, this mig^r be lawful to be done upon the Father as guiky, but the innocent off fpring, which perhaps would never take the fame coutfes, ought to be fpared. Among thofe that came toward the evening of that day, when as one did highly defeft the fa(2:, and faid God would be the avenger of fuch impiety, the boyflretching his lioibs, the Parijfan Majfacre. limbs, and a little lifting up his head, gave figns that he was alive: and when he asked him who he was, he anfwered not unadvifcdly, that he was the Son and Brother of the llain, not telling his name i concerning which, when he was asked again, he anfwered that he would tell his name, if he would lead him where he defired: and withal, asked him that he would take care to conduct him to the King's Armory, for he was nsar of kin to Biros Mafter of the Ordnance or ArtiN lery: nor (hould he lofe his reward for fo great a benefit: which thing he carefully performed. This James Nampary that is his name, with great gratitude rewarded the man brought to him by the Divine Providence, and afterwards married the Daughter of Biron, and is now chief of a Noble Family in Aquitania, Godfry Caumont his Uncklc being dead, and leaving only one Daughter. Being raifed by the King to great honours, of which he carried himfelf worthy, as Colonel of the King's Life-guard, and Govemour of Bcarne, hcfeems to be prefervcd from that danger by the fingular Grace of God, that he might by his numerous off fpring which he had by his Wife, propagate that Family that was re- duced to a few, and by his virtue add the higheft ornament to the honours of his Anceftors. The fame day were flain thefe Proteftanfs of great note, Laveritts thrown out of a window into the high-way, Man' tamariuSy Montalberttis, Roboreus, Joachimsy VaffbriuSy Cmc riufy RftpifiS, Cobombaritts, VelavaurmSy GervafiuSy BarberiuSy FraacHriusy Chancellor to the King of Navar, Hieranimus Grolstiuf Governour of Aurleance, and Califius his bale Bro- ther, who were both inhumanely dragged about the ftreets, and at laft call into the River, by the inftigation of thofe who gaped after his office and goods. Stepbams Cevalerius Bnimns y the King's Treafurer in Poiftou, a man ot great integrity, and one that was very fo- licitous for the good of the Common-weal, who had been the principal mover for the building the Stone-bridge of Vienne,hid at Eialdi-caflrum, was by certain cut-throats fent by Stephanus Fergo PttaHdermSy (who fought after his Trea- furcr-thip^, after the payment of a great I'umof mony,crii- £ e 2 elly 35 The Wjiory of elly murdered, and thrown into the River, and Patandenus is by the commendation of Monpenfbius, whofe affairs he managed, put into his office. Alio Viottyftus Fcrrotus the Son of iEmilius, Senator of Paris, ('a man not lefs renowned for his integrity than his knowledge in law), worthy of fuch a Father, underwent the fame fortune. I p. Nor did they fpare thofe xfhom Navat ("being advifed fo to do by the King^ had brought ittto the Palace ."for they were by the King's command made to come down from their Ma- Ifers chambers into the Court-yard, and being brought out of the Palace, their fwords being taken from them, they were many of them prefently fkin at the GatCi others were hur- ried to the flaughter without the Palace. Among thefe were fardallamus, Sammartinuf,BurJius and Armanmt^Claromon- tius, famous for his late valour in defending the Tem- pie of St. John. He, when he was led out to be butchered, (landing before the heaps of the flain, is faidtocry out, "Is " this the King's faith ? Are thefe his promifes i Is this the " peace ? But thou, O moft great and moft good God, behold " the caufeof the oppreffed, and as a juft Judge avenge this " pet fid y and cruelty : and putting off his Coat which was very rich, gave it to a certain Gentleman of his acquaintance that flood by i Take this from me as a remembrance of my unworthy death; which gift he not accepting under that condition, whiles Pilius faid thefe things, he was thrufi into the fide with a fpear, of which wound he fell down and died. Ltirams now grievoufly wounded, but cfcaping out of the hands of the murderers, rufhing into the Queen of of Na- vars chamber, and hiding himlelf under her bed, was pre- ferved i and being carefully commended by Margaret to the King's Phjfitians, washeahd. Bellonarius formerly Tutor to the King of Navar, having a long time lien under the Gout, was llain in his bed. The King received to his grace Grammontanut Lord of Gafcoign, Johannei Vtttforlius Vuraliut Jnachimus Koaldus Gamarius, and Buchavariuf, having promifcd to be faithful to him: and they were worth their word. Then the Parijian JUaJfacre. Then the King calls Navar and Conde, and tells them, that from his youth, for many years, the publick peace had been diflutbed by ohei^renewed wars, to the great damage of his affairs •, but now, at laft, by the grace of God, he had entred into fuch a courfe as would extirpate all caufes of fu- ture wars. That CoHgny, the author of thefe troubles, was flain by his command, and that the fame punilhment was taken, throughout the City, upon thofe wicked men who were infetfted with the poifon of fupciftition: That he re- membred what great mifchicfs had befallen him from them, Navar and Conde, who had headed a company of profligate perfons, and feditioufly raifed war againfl him. That he had juft reafon to revenge thefe injuries, and now alfo had an op- portunity put into his hand i but that he would pardon what was paft upon the account of their confanguinity, and the lately contracted afflnity, and laflly of their age; and that he would think that thefe things were not done by the advice or fault of theno, but of Coligny and his followers, who had already, or (hould fhortly receive the juft deferts of their wickednefs; that he was willing that thofe things (hould be buried in oblivion, provided they would make amends for their former offences, by their future loyalty and obedience * and renouncing their profane fuperftitious Doftrine, would return to the Religion of their Anceftors, that is, totheRo- man Catholick Religion : for he would have only that Re- Hgion profefltd in his Kingdom which he had received from his fore-Fathers. Therefore, that they (hould look to it that they do comply with him herein, otherwife they might know that the fame punilhment which others had fuflfered, did hang over their heads. To this the King of Navar did moft humbly beg, that no violence might be offered to their eonfciences nor perfons, and that then they would remain faithful to him, and were ready tofatisfy him in all things. But Candt added, that he could not perfwade himfelf that the King, who had engaged hirofelf by fokmn oath to all the Proteftant Princes of his Kingdom, would upon any account violate it, or hearken to their enemies and advetfaries in that matter. As to Religion, that the Uijiory of that was not to be commanded, that his life and fortunes were in the King's power to do with them wTiat he pleafed » but that he knew he was to give an account only to God of that Religion that he had received from God. Therefore that he was fixed and refolved never to recede from his Religion, which he knew affuredly was frue, no, not for any pre- fent danger of life. With which anfwer the King being highly provoked, he called Conde ftubborn, feditious, Rebel, ■ and the fon of a Rebel, and told him, that if he did not change his mind within three days, his head fbould pay for his obfiinacy. 20. Many of the Protefiant Nobles had taken up their lodgings in the Sithurbj of St' German, and could not be per- fwaded to lie in the City. Among thefe were Johannes Koanus Frontenaus^Godofridns CaumonliHS,yidame ofChartres, Gabriel Mongomerins^ Jo. LafniuSy BeUovarius, Seguriut Far- dallaniusy and others. The deftroying of whom was given in charge to Laurentius Maugiroms: and befides Marcclls was ordered to take care that 1000 Souldiers of the City Trained- Bands (hould be fent thither to Maugironus, who went but ilowly on in his bufinefs. While this was doing, tidings came to Mongamery of the rumor of taking up Arrns in the City, who fignified the fame to the Pidame ofChartres, and prefently they met all together, uncertain what was to be done > for that many confiding in the King's faithfulnefs, perfwaded themfelves that this was done without the King's command,by the Guifians, encoura- ged by the forwardnefs of the feditious people > therefore they thought it was beft to go to the King, and that he would fuccour them again ft any violence. In that doubtfulnefs of mind (though the more prudent did not doubt that thefe things were done by agreement, and by the King's command) were many hours fpent, fo that they might eafily have been deftroyed, but that another impedi- ment happened to the Confpirators for whiles Maugironus doth in vain expedi Pitifians to be fent from Guife, who were all bufied in plundering, Guife impatient of further delays, calls forth the Ring's Guards out of the Louvre, intending whiles X the Parijian JMaJfacve, whiles they paffed the River to go thither himfclf. And when he came to the gates, it did too late appear that they had miftaken the keys, therefore while they fent for others, it being now broad day, the Switzers and others of the King's Guards palling the Siene, were feen from the other fide : and upon the difcharging of a Gun on the other fide of the River, as was thought by the King's command, the Aflbciates take counfel to fly, and before they came, were gotten a good way off. Guife putfued Mongomery and others to Montfort, but in vain, and meeting with Sattleodegariuf, he commands him that he (hould follow them with trefli horfes. There were fome fent to Udencum, and toDreux, who fhould intercept them if they went that way : but all in vain. Francifcus Bricomotitts. who could not be deftroyed in tHfe tumult, flies to the Englilh Ambafladors lodgings, f where he ^ for fome days lay hid. Arnoldus Cavagnitts alfo hid himfelf norum not far from hence, with a friend, who fearing the danger, de- fired him to provide for himfelf > but both being taken, were caft into the Pahce prifoo, and with that event which we ftiall (hew anon. In the mean time Guife, with Aumale and Angolefmc, rc- turn into the City, where the King's Guards did commit out- rages upon the lives and fortunes of the Proteftant Nobles and Gentlemen, even of thofe that'were their familjars, and well known to them. This Work being alligned to them in particular, whiles the people incited'by the Sheriffs wardf^ men and tything men that ran abour, did futioufly rage with all manner of licentioufneft and cxcefs againfl their fellow- Citizens, and a fad and horrid face of things did every where appear. For the flrcets and ways did refound with the noife of thofe that flocked to thc fliughter and plunder, and the complaints and doleful out-cries of dying m^n, add thofe that were nigh to danger w re every where heard. The carkalTes of the flain were thrown down from the windows,the Courts & chambers of houfes were full of dead men, their dead bodies rolled in dirt were dragged through the flreets,bloud did flow inTuch abundance through the chanclsof ihc ftreets, that full ftreams 40 Tht Hijlory of fireatns cf bloudi'ii run down into the Rivet; the number of the fljin, men, women, even thofc that were great with child, and children alfo, was innumerable. Annitt'imeriHs CbapiMS^hew^ eighty years old,and an Ad- vocate of great name in the Senate, was flain, Alfo jFo. Lomeriui Secretary to the King, having compounded for his fafety,was thrown into Gaol by Johannes farifienfs Judge of Criminals, and having fold '^bis Eftate at Verfailles to his ad- verfary, with whom he had a Suit depending about it, at a low rate, and leaving his office upon the account of another, was afterwards flain by the command of thofe with whom he had thofe dealings. * Vtrfdium Magdalena Briffonetta the Relidi of Thcobaldus Longiolius fuotim. lri(h-man, Mafter of the Requefts) Neece of Cardinal Guliclmus Briflbnettus, and befides, a woman of mofl rare accomplifliments, and of no mean learning, when in old ap- parel, taking with her her daughter Franciica, and Johannes Spina a noted Preacher, who was her houffiold Chaplain, (he would have fled out of the City, being difcovercd by the cut- throats, and in vain put to renounce her Religion, being thruft into the body with pike-ftaves, half dead, (he was tumbled from the Key into the River, where fwimming about, a com- pany of boats being drawn together, as if it had been to de- flroy a mad dog, with many gentle blows, (he was at length moft inhumanely drowned: Spina not being known, efcaped in the throng, and CL. Marcellus coming in, they fpared her daughter for her ages fake. Feter Kamns^ who was born at Vernnand, when he had for a long time taught good learning,Fhilo(bphy,& at laft Mathc- maticks, in Prelaea Schola, of which he was Mafter, and after- ward in the King's School, he at laft brought erroneous do- drine into his Philofophy,vehemently oppofing Ariftotle both by word and writing. When as there were great difputcs between him and Jacobus Carpentariusy ClaromontanuSy as for- merly there had been greater with Antonius Goveanus, and Joachinus Periomus v yet herein he was worthy of commen- datioo, that by bis wit, diligence, afliduity and wealth, he s; did the Farifian Majjacre. 41 did what in him lay (o promote Learning, inilitufing a Ml- thematlck Ledlure, to which he gave out of his own EUatt a yearly ftipend of 300 pounds. He being drawn out of his Cell, wherein he had hid himfeif, by (bme murderers fent by Carpentar, his Rival, who alfo promoted the fedition, after he had payed ('fome) mony, receiving fome wounds, was thrown out of a window into the yard, whereby his bowels gu(hedouti which the boys, fet on by the fury of their en- raged Mailers, threw about the ftreets, and whipping his carkafs with fcourges in reproach to his profellion, dragged it about in a moft lhameful and cruel manner. Which thing, when it came to the hearing of Vionyfius Lambimty Monftro- licnfis. King's profeffur of humanity, and of both Languages, and who, by many books that he had publilhed, defetved well of Learning, and he was otherwife no friend to the Prote- fiant Dotfttine, yet was he fo affrighted at the example of Ramus, that he could not be comforted, and it made fo deep an impreffion upon His mind, that he fell into a moft grievous difeafe, of which about a month after he died. From their contentions the name of Folitick^ took its be- ginning, which afterwards became a note of fatftion, being given by thefeditious, by thofe that favoured the King's par- ty, and the- peace of the Kingdom. 21. This fury did extend it felf to thofe tbut never profeffed the FrotejiantVoSirine'- iot Gulielmui Bertrandus.) Villemoriut Mafter of Requefts, f fon of Jo. Bertrand Vice-Chancellor, and afterwards Cardinal^ a good man, and liberal, and one that was injurious to none, was fpoiled of his mony, and then fliin by cut-throats fent by the above-mentioned Fergo. Alfo Jacohns Volhrdpi}, a Senator of Paris, and Fellow of the Sacted Colledge, otherwife an unquiet and quarrelfomc mm, and one that was troublefome to the Parifim Captains, when he had for fome days lien hid in the houfe of a Pricft, his Friend, being difcoveted by the pratlingof a Girl, wasf,at length delivered into the hands of the murderers, and by one Cr«cwri«x,Cthat was his name^, a Goldfmith,after he had for fome time kept him between hope and fear, had his head cut off. I have often bsheld and heard that man that very wcH F f defer ved 42. Hipry of dcfcrved a Gillows, in a ttrange kind of cruel roadnefs boaft, Oretching forth his naked arm, that with this arm he had in that maifacre flain above 400 men. Afterward, whether in- duced to it by repentance,, or the terror of his confcience, he put on hair-cloath, and being infamous for fo many murder?,, that he might avoid the fight of men, he went into folitudr, profeffing the life of an Anchoret: where yet he could not forget his cruel nature : for in thefe late wars he was accufed, and alraod convitfted, that by the help of fuch men as him- feif, he had cur the throat of a Flemifh Merchant, whofe nc- cefilty compelled him to repair to his Cell. .. Lafily Petrus Salfeda a Spaniard, f who fiirred up the Car- diomatricibus finals war, of which we havefpoken before, though he was prjefeftvis. no way encUned to the Protettint Dotarine, was the fame day lliin by thofe who fought to revenge a former injury. i One Ronlart s Catholick-, and Canon of Voftre Vame^ and aljo aComfellorinthe Parliament, wtteringcertain fpeechts in tntjlikfng thif lawlefs kind of proceeding xrithout jujlice, wax apprehended, and committed to prifon, and mnnhered as difor- derly as any of the refl, wherewith divers of the Catholicks them- felves were offended. This manner of proceeding breedeth gene- r.al mflruji in them of the Nobility, and every man fearetb God's vengeance. Walfingham, Let; 16. Sept. 1572.10 the Compleat Ambaflador,p. 24^.]) And many of the Nobles tfcafped with great danger, and efpecially Thoretts, who warned Coligny when Coflenius was dcfigned to guard him, that he could not be committed to a more deadly enemy» and that now it was true that the (beep was committed to the woolf. But it was believed that upon the account of the abfence of his Brother Momorancy, he and his Brethren Damvilla and Utrncws were fpared. Coff fms his life was alfo in danger, for that he joyned with the Momorancies, and favoured not the Guifians. Biromts in the Armory fearing upon the fame account what would become of him, planting two Culveiins againft the City, fortified hlmfeilf till the futy of the people and the guards ccafed. Among ihe Varijian Majjacre. 45 Among tlic Proteftants that were of any note,there efcaped by a rare kindnefsof fortune, Joh. SaucommltHf, Sauromirmt Cpfgtut,BricflmoliuT Junior and Ibme few others, Cruf' /o/t«xby the commendation of his Brother Antony f Duke of Uzes, and tommand of the Queen, with fome t Uticenfiura others of the Nobility, were preferved by the Guifians to this duds, intent, as it was reported \ that they might caft the odium of the Miflacre upon the King and the fury of the people j as though they had no other defign than to revenge their pri- vate injuries upon the head of Coligny, and alio that they might by fuch a benefit hold thofe whom they prefett^ed ever obliged to them. Nor did their cxpeftations fail them. GulUlmus Altamarus Fervacius did endeavour to procure the fame favour from the King for Francifcus Moninius, but all in vain •> but he being difcovered by his means, ftraif-way it was given in command to Marcellus to cut him off by the cut-throats. That day were flain to the number of tm thou- J and. Toward the evening was made to the multi- fude by found of Trumpet, that every one fliould betake him- felf to his own home, nor might any ftir abroad •, that only the King's Guards, and the Officers with their Troops of Horfe, fhould go about the City upon pain of death to them that did not obey: fo that when it was thought that there was an end put to thofe ilaughters and rapines, the fame malTacre and liberty of plundering was continued the night following, and the days following. 22. The fame day the King, whether troubled at the hor- ridnefs, or fearing the odium of the fadt, by Letters diredfed to the Governors of the Provinces, cajietb the odium upon the Gtdftans, telling them 'That the (edition wasraifed wichout ' his privity or confent: that they, as foon as they perceived 'that the friends and kindred of Coligny, whom heftili cal- 'led coufin, did intend to revenge the wound given him, that * they might be before-hand wiih them, flirred up fo great a ' party of the Nobles and Parifians, that they, by their help, ' cut off the Guards that he had alfigned to Coligny, and as ' many of his friends as they met; and this example was fol- F f 2 'lowed 7h& Hijlory of ' lowed with fuch fury and violence throughout the City, ' that fuch a remedy as might be wifhed, could not be applied ' in any due time. Now at lall the fedition that feemed to ' be allayed, was again upon old grudges between the two ' Families, revived whieh thing, fince it hapned contrary to ' his will, he would that all fliould undeiftand that the Edi£t ' lately publilhed, was not thereby in any part violated : but ' he did command that it fliould be religioufly obfcrved, and ' (hat the Governors fliould fee to it, that mutual flaughters ' fliou'd not be committed in other Cities, nor that they ' fliould take Arms one againft another, but that every one ' fliould keep home in the City and Countrey, and abftain * from violence upon pain of death to thofe that did not obey; In the end of the Letter thefe words were addedi ' Here I am ' with my Brother of Navar, and my Coufin Conde, ready to ' undergo the fame fortune with them. The fame day were Litters of the fame contents xvritten by the ^ueen, fent not on- ly through the Kingdom, but to the Dyet or Affembly of Swiiieis, and difperfed by the King's command through England, and divers places in Geimany. 23. The next day flaughters and rapines were continued, Tetrus Flatius Piefident of the Court of Cufloms, a man eminent for his gravity, learning and integrity, (whom one Michael by name. Captain of a Band, had the day before cheated of a great fum of Gold) by the help of flingers lent to him by Nic. Bellofremontius Senefcaeus, and Carrcnius Provoftof the Merchants, defended himfelf from the fury of the people. That Senefcseus was lately by the King put into the place of Innocentius Tiipcrius Monflrolius, great Prcvoft del' Hcfpital: under whom that Office, whofe jurifdi(3:ion belonged only to fome mean perfon of the King's Retinue, after that began to be conferred upon Gentlemen, as all thofe things which belong to the Maftcr and Colonels of the Horfe. He firfl obtained the name of great Provofl, thofe being much offended at it, who, by how much was added to him in titles did complain that by fo much their jurii'ditSion was diminifhed. That fo large jurifditition for feme time after the death of Monflrolius had cealtd, which at laft the King con- the Parifian ZPaJfacre, conferred upon Senefcsus, for the Noblenefs of his Family, and fiich learning as with us is rare in a military perfon. Therefore Senefcaeus coming this day from the King to Pla- cius, told him that though the King refolved utterly to root out the Proteftants by flaying them, that there (hould not remain one that pifleth againft the wall, yet that for many reafbns he would give him his life, and fent him to conduft him to the Louvre, for that he did delire to learn from him many things concerning the affairs of the Proteftants, which it behoved him to know. Then Placius defired to excufe himfclf, and defired that he might ftay till the fury of the people were fomewhat allayed» that in the mean time he might be kept prifoner wherefoever it pleafed the King. On the other fide Senefcaeus, who had received fuch command from the Queen, did haften him, that he fhould without dc- lay obey the King's command,and affigned him Pezovius, one of the privy leaders of the Sedition, for his greater fecurity as he faid; by whom he was delivered into the hands of thofe that lay in wait, and being thrown offhis Mule upon which he rode, he was ftabbed with daggers: his body was draggt d, and thrown into the ftable of a publick houfe i and his houlc lay three days open to ranfacking, his wife being fled, and his children wandring hither and thither. His office, which in his abfence, in the time of war was managed by Stephanus NuelltHs^ a factious and bloud-thirfty man, and who was be- -lieved to have hired thefe cut-throats againft the life of Pla- cius, was by him obtained of the King. 24. Such cruelty raging every where, while the Heavens feemed more than ordinarily ferene, an accident hapned whereby the minds of the enraged people were after a ftrange * manner inflamed. An Oxyacantha, which is a kind of (hrub which they call ivfiitc-tWM, growing in the Church-yard of St. Innocents, did, whether of its own accord, which feme- times happens, when nature failing, that plant is come to that, that it is about to dry up •, or whether by warm water poured upon it by impoftors, did in an unufual tirtitf put forth its flovrer- All which, the fatifions flattering themlelves in their madnefs, did refer to God, fignifying by thefe tokens that 4.(5 Hifiory of that what they had done was acceptable to him. And there- fore they faid, that the Heavens did rcjoyce to fee the MalTacrc of the Proteftants. And James Carpenter alluding .to the Month, in a writing that he publifhed, called that light Jugujia. Therefore the feditious flocking together at the tame of the bloflbming thorn, did skip about with great joy; which they alfo tcftified by the unufual beating of a Drum, though without command, ('for even that they might do then J and fo interpreted it, as if the Proteftants being rooted out, the Catholick Religion, and the Kingdom of France (hould recover its ancient fplendor and flower. But the Pro- tefiants argued otherwife s and if this were to be looked upon as a Miracle, they faid this was portended by this fign j that though the Church might fecm by this wound to be utterly exiintSf, yet it fhould come to pafs that it fhould in a wonder- ful and incomprehenfibic manner revive and flouriflt > which alfo they did confirm by the example of the wonder (hewed to Mofes in the bufli, which, though it burned, yet was it not confumed. They added, that it might be faid rather to be- long to the commendation of innocence, than the approba- tion of butchery, becaufe the thorn bloffomed in a plac8 which took its name from Innocents. The fame day feme drawn out of the King's Life-Guard by Gafpar Caftreus Nancaeus, are by the King's command t Caftillionem t Chaftillon, to take and bring Colignys mfe aud chil- ad Lupatn. drr», as alfo the fbns of Andoletus. But Francifcus the El- deft Son of Coligny, and Vidus Lavallus the Eldeft Son of Andoletus, had already faved themfelves by flight. AH the reft are taken, and brought with all their precious houfhold- fluff to Paris. 25. It was the King's defign^ that as foon as the flaughfer of Coligny and his followers had been performed, the Guifes fttould immediately depart the City, and go every one to his own houfe, that thereby all might take notice, that whatfo- ever had been done at Paris proceeded from their facffion. But the Qoieen and Anjou efpecially (who did both of them with an over-weaning affe<3:ion incline to the party of Guife) did intercede; ffeeing) the King was at firft enraged only againft the Variftm Majptcte, againfl Coligny, as nr i yet forgetting his flight rrotn Mcaux, diew him on, who yet wavered, to the flaughttr ot all the Proteftants m the City v fo that not knowing where he fet bis loot, they brought him by degrees to this pafs, that he Ihould take the whole blame upon himfelf, and fo cafe the Guifians, who were not able to bear fuch a burden. And to that end Anjou did, as it it was laid, produce Letters found in Teligny's desk, written by the hand of Momorancy, in which, after the wound given to Coligny, he did afflrm that he would revenge this injury upon the Authors of ir, who were not un- known with the fame mind as if it had been offered to him« fclf. Thereupon the Qieen and Anjou took occafion to (hew the King, 'That itne perfifted in his former diflimulation, ' things were come to that pafs, that he would endanger the ' fccurity of the Kingdom, his Fortunes, Riches, and Repu- ' ration.- For the Guifians, who do by thefe Letters, and •otherwife, underhand the mind of the Momoranties, being ' men defirous of troubles, and feeking grounds of them up- ' on every occafion, will never lay down their Arms which ' they have by the King's command taken up, to offer this in- ' jury; that they will fiill keep them under pretence of de- 'fending their fafefy,which they fay is aimed at by the enemyj * and fo that which was thought to have been the end of a ' mofi bloudy war, will prove to be the beginning of a more 'dangerous one. For the remainders of the Proteftants, ' who fee their matters diflreffed, will, without doubt, ga^- 'ther themfelves to the Momorancies, who arc of thcmfelves 'ftrong, and thence will take new flrength and fpirits: which ' if it (hould happen, what a face of the Kingdom will ap- * pear, when the name and authority of the King's Majefty. ' being flighted and trampled upon,every one fhall take liberty ' to hirafcif^and indulge to private hatred and affetSions accor- •ding to his own lufl? Laftiy, what will foreign Princes think ' of the King, who fuifers himfelf to< be over-ruled by his 'fubj t^s, who cannot keep his fubjed's in their duty, and * laftiy, who knows not how to hold the reins of legal power? ' There- The Hijiory of Therefore there is no other way to prevent fo great an evil, but for the King to approve by his publick Proclamation, of what was done, as if it had been done by his command. For by this means he (hould take the arbitrement and power to himfelf j and on the one hand difarm the Guifes, and on the other band keep the Momorancies from taking up Arms > ' and laftly fivould bring it about, that the ProteHant affairs ' now already very low, (liould be feparated from the caufe of ' the Momorancies. That the King ought not to fear the ' odium of the thing; for there is not fo much danger in the * horridnefs of a fati, (the odium whereof may be fomewhat *■ allayed by excufe), as in the confeffion of weaknefs and im- 'potency, which dotji neceffarily bring-along with it con- ' tempt, which is almoll deftrutftive to Princes. By thefe reafons they eafily petfwaded an imperious Prince, who left feared hatred than contempt,that he might recall the Guifians to obedience, and retain the Momorancies in their loyalty, to confirm by publick teftimony,that whatfoevei had been done, was done by his will and command. Therefore in the morning, viz. upon the Tuefday, he came into the Smate with his Brethren, the King of Navar, and a great retinue of •Nobles, after they had heard Mafs with great folemnity, and fitting down in the Chair of S'tte, all the orders of the Court being called together, ' He complained of the grievous * injuries that he had from a child received from Gafpar Co- ' ligny, and wicked men falfly pretending the name of Re- 'ligion; but that he had forgiven them by Ediths made for * the publick Peace. That Coligny, that he might leave no- * thing to be added to his wickednefs, had entred into a con- ' fpiracy how to take away him, his mother, his brethren, and 'the King of Navar himfelf, though of his own Religion, * that he might make young Conde King, whom he deter- ' mined afterwards to flay likewife, that the Royal Family ' being extind, he ufurping the Kingdom, might make him- 'felf King. That he, when it could not otherwife be, did, ' though full fore againft his will, extinguifti one mifchief by 'another,and as in extream dangers, did ufe extream reme- ' dies, tke Parifian Jllajfkcre. * dies, that he might extirpate that impure contagion out of * the bowels of the Kingdom. Therefore, that all fhouid * take notice, that whatfoever had been that day done by way ' of punilhment upon ihofe perfons, had been done by his ' fp.cial command. After he had faid thefe ihings^ChriJlophorus T'hnams, chief Prefidenf, in a fpeech fitted to the time, commended the Kingls prudence, who, by dilTembling fo many injuries, had timely prevented the wicked confpiracy, and the danger that was threatned by it, and that that being fupprefled, he had now fetled peace in the Kingdom, having well learnt that faying of Lewis XI. He that knows not how to dilTemble, knows not how to reign. Then the Court was commanded that diligent enquiry (hould be made concerning the confpiracy of Coligny and his Aflbciates, and that they (hould give fentence according to form of Law, as the heinoufnefs of the fait did require. .Thenladly Viditi Faber Pibraccius-y Advocate of the Treafu- ry (or Attorney-General) flood up, and asked the King whe- ther he did will and command that this declaration (hould be entred into the aits of the Court, to the prefetvacion of the memory of it ? whether the orders of Judges and Civil Ma- giftrates, which he had complained were corrupted, (hould be reformed ? And laflly, whether by his command there fhouid be an end put to the (laughters and rapines ? To thefe things the King anfwered, that he did command the firfl i that he would take care about the fecond , and that for the third he did give command by publick proclamation through all the ftreets of the City, that they (hould for the future ab- (lain from all (laughters and rapines. Which declaration of the Kmg aftonifhed many, and among the refl "thuanui him- felf, who was ^ man of a merciful nature, and altogether aveife from bloud, and feared that example, and the danger that was threatned thereby: who alfo did with great freedom privately reprove the King, for that, if the confpiracy of Co- ligny and his company had been true, he did not rather pro- ceed againft them by Law. This-is molt certain, he did al- G g ways 4P The Wjlorji of wiys deted Sr. Bartholomews-day, ufing thofe verfes of Sta - tius Papinius in a different cafe, Excidat ilia dies £Vi), mc poflcra credavt Snecttla, nos certe taceamus, & obrnta multa No^le, Ugi propria patiamttr crimina Gentis. So (hat he feetris to have commended the King's art by a Tpecch fitted to the prefcnt time and place, rather than from his heart. The advifing of the King to enquire into this confpifacyj is thought to have been from James Morvilhrius Bifliop of Orleans, who had left his Biihoprick to give himfelf wholly to the Court: a man of a cautious rvature, but moderate and iuft, andwho was never the author of that bloudy counfe). But when as that which was done could not be undone, he thought it was be ft for the reputation of the King, and for the publick Peace, that fince the odium of it could not he wholly aboliftied, yet (hat it tnight by fome means be mitiga- ted, he perfwaded the King and Queen, that to the things be- ing now done, they ftiould, though in a prcpoftcrous manner, apply the authority of Law j and that proof being made of the confpiracy, judgment ftiould be paffed upon the confpira- tors in form of Law » which thing Thuanijs himfelf appro- ved, being confulted about it by Morvilleiius upo^n the King's command. Two days after a Juhilee is appointed,and Prayers are made by the King, and a lull Court in a great affembly of pet)ple, and thanks were returned to God, for that things had fuc- ceeded fo happily, and according to their defires. And the - time day an Edid wzs pHbliJhed, wherein the King declared, that ' Whufoever had happened in this matter was done by ' hisexprefs command i not through hatred of (their) Reli- 'gion,orihat it ftiould derogate from the Edicts of Pacifi- * cation, which he would have toftand flill in force, and to ' be religioufly obfervedjbut that he might prevent the wicked 'confpiracy of Coligny and his. confederates. Therefore, the rarijtan Majfacre. 51 1 icra fivtv, licpoi fhollf md 3dE- ,k fcr A.\t. miiji- pix- (kof [pita- ppio Sicjs nsidc sipk, k- ibe ireJ, It by U 'icii ^tp M )l(y ba( 'that he did will and command that all Proteftanfs fliould 'live at home quietly and fecurely under his protedlion and ' patronage, and did command all his Governors to take di- ' ligent care that no violence or injury (hould be offered to ' them,either in their lives, goods or fortunes, adding a fan- diion.that whofoever did otherwife, fliould underftand that he did it under pain of life. To thcfe things a claufe was ii« nally added, which the Proteflants did interpret to contra- dic^whathe had faid beforei that, 'Whereas upon the ac- ' count of their meetings, and publick Affemblies, great fou- ' bles and grievous offences had been iUrred up, they fhbuld ' for the future abflain from fuch meetings, whether publick 'or private, upon what pretence foever, till further order was ' taken by the King, upon pain of life and fortunes to thofe ' that difobeyed. 26 Thefe Edidfs and Mandates were diverfly entertained i4 the TrovinceSy according to the divers natures and faftions of the Governors i for thofe that were addided to the party of the Momorancies , made a moderate ufe of them, but great was the rage and fury of others to whom fecret com- mands were brought, not in writing, but by Emiffaries, fol- lowing the example of the Parifian fvlaffacre. The beginning was at Meanx, as being neareft, where the fame day that the Maffacre had been at Paris, above twohun-. dred were thrown into prifon by Cojfetttt Advocate of the Treafury, an impudent man, who was chiefly affifted by Vio- nyftus KoUindut an Apparitor, and Columbus a Mariner. The next day they fet upon the Market that is out of the City, and the men being flipt away, they fell upon the women, whereof 25 were flain, and fome of them violated by the rude mur- derers.. The day following, after they had every where rifled the houfes of the fufpedied, they come to thofe that were imprifoned, who being called out one by one by Coffetus himfelf, were there fliin as Oxen, by-.Butchers, in a Slaughter- houfe,and thrown into the Caflle-ditch, and the greatefl part of them Cthe cut-throats being wearied) were drowned in the Rivet Marne. And then Coffetus exhorts the neighbour- ing places that they fhould proceed in what had been fo hap- Gg 2 pily 7'he Hijiory of pily begun. But the prefence of Momorancy Prefident of i'lfle la France,who was then at Cantilia, not far from thence, did hinder the feditious from dirringat Senlis. But great was the rage at Orleam, which being once or twice taken by the Proteftants, the fad ruines of the de- molifhcd Churches lying open to the eyes of all, did cnkinr die the minds of the people to revenge their injuries, being yet frefh : the day following therefore they began upon Cain- fetus Bovitus, one of the King's Counfellors, whom being ignorant of what had happened at Paris, Curtius a Weaver, the leader of the feditio.us, with fome of his party, went as it were to vifit in the evening j he thinking that they came as friends to fup with him, entertained them as at a feaft i which (entertainment) the murderers having received,they acquaint him with what was done at Paris, and withal demand his Purfe, which being delivered, they in the midft of their entertainment flay their Hojl. From thence, as if this had been the fign given , they flock together for three days to murder andfpoiU above icoo men, women and chil- dren, as it was thought, were flain i part were caft into the river Loire : thofe that were flain without the City were thrown into the ditch. Great was the plunder that was ta- ken in all that time, and efpecially the copious Library of Pe- tcr Montaureus ("a learned man, who died four years lince of grief of mind, at Sancerra_) furnifhed with Books of all forts, efpecially with mathematical Manufcripts, the greateft part of them Greek^ and corre^cd and illuftrated by the la- hours of Montaureus himfelf, as alfo with inflruments ufeful in that Science, contrived with admirable artifice, was with a moft barbarous outrage taken away. Alfo fome were flain at Gergolium, the people raging - through the neighbouring Cities, Towns and Villages, after the manner of the Inhabitants of Orleance. The fame was done at Angurs, they beginning with Johan- ^es MaJJouius Kiverius^ who was mofi barbaroufly flain as he walked in his Garden, by a cut-throat let in by his Wife, who fufpedied no fuch thing: as alfo others. Barbeus Enfign of the Prince of Conde's Regiment efcaped the danger by flight, as 5? the Tarijian MaJJacre. as alfoRenafus Roboreus BrelTaldus, one (hat was very trou- blefomc to Priefts, miny of whom he had unworthily maimed, was afterwards executed. The Townfmen of Troje/, of whom Coligny had a lit- tie before complained to the King, when they heard of the tumult at Paris, prefentlyfet guards at the City-gates, that none might flip forth ; and having upon 3 Kal. VII bris, cafl Auguft 30 th. all the fufpedted intoprifon five days after, by the command AnnaValdr3aad Gul.Sevinus, Senators, who were both cruelly. murdered:. the Parijian Majfacre. gj murdtTtdin their hsnfes, which were prefently rifled. Alfo Bu- chews the Senator, who had redeemed hit life of Monferrandut far a great fum of many, did hardly efcape the danger, whofe houfe was aljo plundered. "then promijcuous flaughters and ra- pines are committed far three days together throughout the City, wherein two hundred fixty four men are- faid to ^eHain, and the Majfacre had been much greater, had not the Cajile cf Bnccjna and the other Cajile of the City yielded an opportune place of re- fuge to many. Jacobus Benedi<9:us Longobaftonus Prejident of the Court was in great danger of deatl- and was hardly pre- fe^ved by the help of his friends fj 2p. Nor were they in the mean time in quiet at Paris and at Court, where, by the Queens fpecial command, and thedili- gence of Moivillerius, ColignysCabinet examined, if by any means they might find any thing in them which, being publifiied, might take off the odium of fo bloudy a faft either in the Kingdom or with foreign Princes, Among thofe Commentaries which he did every day diligently write, which were afterwards deftroyed by the Queens command, there was a pafTage in which he advifed the King that he fhould be fparing in affigning the hereditary portion, which they call Appennage, to his Brethren, and in giving them authority, which having read, and acquainting Alanfon with it, whom fhe had perceived to favour Coligny ■, This is your beloved cordial friend, faith the Queen, who thus advifed the King. To whom Alanfon anfweied, 'How much he loved * me, 1 knOw not > but this advice could proceed from none ' but one that was faithful to the King, and careful for his ' affairs^ Again, there was among his papers found a breviate, wherein, among other reafons that he gave for the neceffity of a War with the Spaniards in the Low-Countreys, this was added, as being omitted in the Speech which he made to the King, left it fhould be divulged, and therefore was to be ham's Letr'er' fecretly communicated to the King, that if the King did not uSepccmb. accept of the condition that the Low-Countreys offered, he in the Ihould t noc iransfer ilto his of England, who Sfior, though they were now, as things flood, friends to the K ing, if p. 241, cnee 6i the Bifiory of or.ce they fet-footing in the Low-Countreys and the Provin- ces bordetirkg upon thp Kingdom, wpuld refume their former minds, and being^invited by that conveniency, of friends would become the worft enemies to the King and Kingdom. Which being likewife imparted to Walfingham, Queen Eli- zabeths Ambaffador, and the Queen telling him, that by that he might Judge how well Cpligny was affedfed towards the Qjcen his Miftrefs, who fo much loved him. He made her almoh the fatbe anfwer, and faid, ' He did not know how * he was affedled towards the Queen his Miftrefs v but this he ' kneW, that that counftl did favour of one that was faithful ' to the King, and moft ftudious of the honour of France, and * in vt?hofe death both the- King and all France had a great ' lofs. . So both of them, by almoft the fame anfwer, fruftra- ted her womaniflt policy, not without Ihame unto her fclf. About the end of the month wherein Coligny was flain, the Kiftg fearing left the Proteftants Ihould grow defperate in Other Provinces, write/ to the Governors with moft ample com- Carnli Comes.'tn^inds, and principaUy to Feliomrus Chabolius Prcfident of Burgundy,in'which he commanded that he Ihould go through the Cities and Towns that were under his jurifdidion, and friendly convene the Proteftants, and acquaint them with the ,7- . tumult at Paris,and the true caufcs thereof. 'That nothing ' was done in that affair through hatred of their Religion, or * in prejudice to the favour that was granted them by the laft * Edidl: but that he might prevent the confpiracy made by ' Coligny and his confederates againft the King, the Qaeen, * the King's Brethren, the king of'Navar, and other Princes ' and Nobles. That it was the King's pleafure that his Edi(^s ' might be obfervcd, and that the Proteftants every where ' taking forth Letters of fecurity from the Prefidents, fhould * live quietly and fafely under the King's protedfion, upon ' pain of death to any that fhould injure or moleft them in any ' thing. On the other hand,he fliould admonifh the Proteftants 'that they fliould keepthemfelves quiet at home> andbecaufe ' in their Meetings and publick AfTemblies there ufed to be * fuch Counfels among the Proteftants as were fufpitious to Catho- fie Farijiaft Majfacre, 'Caffiolicks, and which might put tbem upon new flirs, (here- * fore, .hat they (hould abftain from thofe meetings, and ex- ' pe(S the farce favour and fafety from the King's clemency 'and gcodnefs as he doth exercife towards others. But if ' they (hould foolifhiy negledt this advice, command and ' promife of the King, and fhould prefume to meet publickly, ' llir up troubles, and take up Arms under colour of their own ' defence, he would then proceed againft them as againft Re- * bsls. To the fame efFedt were Letters fent to Mekhior Mw Prefident of Poidtou, Tria Prefident of Toures, and thePrefidents of other Provinces. Chaholint managed his cfSce with great prudence and moderation, having learnt that the Profeftants, who had hitherto been exafpcrated by fevc- rity and cruelty of ptihifliments, might bi better reduced to their duty by clemency and mildnefs. And rhatters were or- dered without almofl any bloud-ftved in Burguftifyi many returning either through fear, or of thei^ow^ accord, to the Religion of their Anceftors, renouncing the Proteftant Do- dfrines. Only Claromotnius Travitts of the prime Nobility, whofe Sifter Helena Antonius Grammontanus had married, was, when the news was hot, (lain at J)ijon;in the abfence of Chabotius, by the people. Thofe that were fufpccfted at Mafcott, being by the King's command apprehended and ca(t irito prifon by Philibertus, fuftained no further damage. ' ■ 50. So foul a fempeft in France being in fome fort allayed, and the liberty of kiHing and plundering repreffed, when the more prudent, that yet no way favotired theTioteftant party, did, upon the (ad thought of the prefent ftate of things, by little and little, come to themfelves, and abhorring the facf, did curioufiy enquire into the caufes of it, and how it might bcexcufed, they thus judged-, ^ Thit»o example ef Ukeemeliy ' could be found j« all Antiqmtyy though we turned over the * Annals of all Nafio'ns. i^hefe kinds of outrages had been 'confined to certain men,-or to one place, and might have * been cxcufed by the fenfe of injury newly offered, or their 'rage did only'CStercife it felf upon thofowhom it was their intereft'to remove out of the way. For fo by the command 'of MUhridatef Kiftg.of* Pckitus upon The Hijiory of * fignification of one Letter 40000 Romans were flain in one ' day throughout all Afia. So Peter King of Arfagon cori^- 'tnanded 8000 French-men to be flain in Sicily, who had ' feized upon it in his abfcnce: But their cafe was far different * from this: For thofc Kings exercifed their rage upon firan- * gers and foreigners, but this fKing,^ upon his own fubjcfts, ' who were not more committed to his power than to his * faith and truft. 'they were obliged no otherwife by their * faith given than to the ftrangers themfelves, but be was * bound in a late league with his neighbouring Kings and ' Princes, to keep that Peace which he had fworn to. They * ufed no arts unworthy of royal dignity to deceive them, he, ' for a fnare abufed his new engaged friendibip, and the facred ' Nuptials of his own Sifter, whofe wedding garment was ' even ftained with bloud. Thefe are the vertues that ufe to ' be commended in Kings, }uftice, Gentlenefs and Clemency i *■ but favagenefs and cruelty, as in all others, fo efpecially in * Princes ufe to be condemned. Famous through all ages was *Publiu8 Scipioj who was wont to fay he had rather fave one * Citizen, than flay a thoufand enemies •, and Antonius, who * was called the Pious, did often ufe that faying. Kings in- * deed have power of life and death over the Subjetfts of * their Realm, but with this limitation, that they fliould not * proceed againft them till their caufe was heard upon a fair ^ tryal. This rage and blindnefs of mind was fent by God 'upon the French, as a judgment for the daily execrations and * reproaches of the Deity, from which the King himfelG ill ' educated by his Mother, and by thofc Tutors that (he ap- ' pointed him, did not at all abftain y the example whereof ' proceeding from the Court to the Cities, and from the Ci- * ties to the Country-Towns and Villages, they now at every ' third word, fwore by the head, death, bloud, heart of God. ' Moreover, the patience of God was even wearied with their * Whoredoms, Adulteries, and fuch lufts as are not (it to be * fpoken. Laftly, nature it felf doth now expoftulate as it ' were with God for his fo long patience and forbearance, nor * could the Country of France ^iny longer bear fuch prodigi- ' ous wickedne(s. For as for the canfiT which are petendei ^againji i Of^ the Vdrijian Majjacte. ' agaiftji Coligay, they are feigned with fuch improhability, * that they can hardly perfwade children, much lefs can they ■ ' proved. For how is it probable that Coligny (hould en- ' ter into fuch a confpiracy within the walls of Paris, who ' though he were guilty before the Pacification, ("to fuppofe 'that^, yet certainly after the Edid, if indeed the publick * Faith and the King's promifes ought to be obferved, he came 'to the King guiltlefs, altogether abhorring a Civil War, 'and folicitous only about the Belgick War ? But whereas * they fay he confpired after he had received his wounds, this 'hath lefs colour of truth. For how could Coligny that ' was iodifpofed by two fuch wounds, now grown old, dif- ' abled in both his arms, one of which the Phyfitians talked * of cutting olf, rife with three hundred young men that at^ ' tended him, againft an Army of fixty thoufand men, that * bare him deadly hatred, and that were well appointed with * Arms ? How could he in fo little time confult concerning fo * great and vaft a defign for he lived hardly forty hours af- * ter he had received his wound, in which all conference was * forbidden him by his Phyfitians. Then, had he been ac- * cufed of any crime, was he not committed to Coflenius and * his guards, and the palfages being every where fecured, was 'he not in the King's power, that he might in a moment, if 'it had fo plcafed the King,been thruft into prifon ? and wit- ' nelTes being prepared, after the manner of judicial proceed- ' ings, might he not have been proceeded againft in form of ' Law? Moreover, if Coligni with his Dependents and Clients ' had confpired againft the King, why rauft needs the reft that ' were innocent, fo many Noble Matrons and Virgins who * came thither upon the account of the Marriage, fo many ' great-bellied women, fo many ancient perfonSjfo many bed- ' ridden perfons of both Sexes and all profeflions, that were ' ignorant of thefe laft counfels of Coligni, be comprehended ' in the fame guilt.? To whom doth it not (eem abfurd and ' moft ridiculous that Coligni fhould at fo unfeafonablc a ' time confpire againli Navar that profeffed the fame Reli- ' gion with him, and whom he had '« his power for fjut I years ' years together ? Thus mmy did dlfcourfe, and fo they ' judged, that upon the account of this fadt the French Name ' would for a long time labour under an odium and infamy, * ' and that pofterity would never forget an atS of fo great ' unworthinefs. Typographical Errors to he CorreUed as followeth^ in , TUe til ft. of the Moffure-. Pag. sl.i. Burleigh, 1.7,Cdlinus, p.7.f.4.com» paft, p.8 I.io. when he, 1.56. Palace near the Louvre, p. 11.1.1. re- Gcive, p.i?.l.i8. AtitoniusMarafinus Guerchius (johhout commas), fo p.14; 1. z. Rochus-Sorbasus Prunaeus, 1.7. Armanus Claromontius Piliuj, 1.8. Mo- niriius, l.z6. racket, p.18.1.7. your Kingdom, p.zi,1.9. as he did, p.aS.l.ir. CblTenius, 1.^6. Atiniiis, 1. 37. Sarlaboux, p. 29. I. 5. Merhn the Minifter,' Colony, p.22.1.3a. Claromontius Marquefs of Renel, p. 34.I.19. Caumon- tins, p. qU- z$. MomalbertusRoboreus, Joach. Vafforius Cunerius, Rupius, Co!umbarius,Velavaurius,Gervafius Barberius Francurius, p. 3^.1.17. Arma- BUS ClaromontiusPil}us,1.32.Bellovarius,1.36.Durfortiu5 Duracius, I.37. Go- macius & Euchavanius,p.40,I.35.Perionius,p.4i.I. i3.Languages,wifl had pri- vate fends and contentiots with Car pent ar Sol zz.io thofc,l. 3o.Ro!iardus,p.43. 1.2. Sancomomius Sauromanius,1.3. Bricomotius,p.S3.l.3?.Me!etinus5p.S7. 1.17. Aries, where, 1.3<5.fufpition of poifon given, p.j8.1. 2. Mombrunius, p.62.I,2o. HelionorusChabotius, p.53.1.ii.Cnabotius. ftie Hifl> of the Towdtr-Vlot: Pag. 8.1. 27. Harrington, p. r4.1. go.deteft, p. I $.1,21. for wikes, r. de Vic, p.i5. in marg. So on the, p. tx.l.27. dele Book entituled, 1.29. for Provincial, r. Faffeer Qmral. A T R U E • NARRATION Of that Horrible COH^Tl^JCY AGAINST Kmg JAMES iVnd the whole "T LI lA E ENGLAND Commonly called the Gun-Powder TREASON: Written in Latine by Jacobus Angujlus thuanus^ Privy-Councillor to the King of France^ and Prefident of the Supream Senate of that Kmgdnm. Faithfully rendrcd into Englilh. y LONDON, Printed for John Leigh at the Sign of the Bkw Be// by Flying- Horfe Court i n Fleet-Jlrcet. 1674. The Hijlory of the Powder-Plot, Trmjlated out Thuanus,//i.i35. cidw. Ow jhaU ret in a contiued Relation declare that Horrid, and by all Parties judly ^ dcKfled Confpiracy entred into a- againft the King ol G eat Britain i which being dif- covered ^bout the end of this year [^1^05 j was in the next year fupprelTcd by the Death of the Confpirators. cy England, rrhither thiy cme. Foulis, Hifi.of Pppifli Treafons, ii. lo.c. To.the petition for Liberty ofConfcicncc rpade by the Pa- pifts in the former SelGon of Parlijment, and rejetSed by the King," there was a r'gmonr there would be another preferred at the next Seflions, (which had been now often deferred) which fliould be in no danger of being denyed as the former, but fhould carry with it a neceility of being granted by the King whither he would or not. Therefore thofc that raana- ged the Affairs of the Kingdom under a generous and no wayes fufpicious King, fearing nothing worfe, did make it their bufinefs to avoid fuch Petitions, and that neceflity that did attend them. But among the Conrpirators it was con- B fulted, * 5i> ditfftable if feems it tvas tefomt of the Students of the ingUfh Colledge at Rome,t/)at being informed ef the difcovery of the Plot, Sixteen of them (abhorring fuch 'ptgfing and bloody Dc- fii'^^Jferfool^ the Colledge, (lip( into France , fome of them turning to the Church p- 692. 2 The HiJiorj of the Torx>der-Tlot. fiilted, not, how they might obtain the Kings favour, which they now defpaircd of} but how they might revenge that repulfe, though with the ruioc of the Kingdom, which the other never thought of. Tfce beginning of tbtfe Cemfelf are to be derived from the latter end oiQ^Elizsbitb. Fot then, as appeared afterwards by proofs and confelfions, Rabert Jftnter (to whom Ofatald Tefmond alias Gremvpeiy of the Society of the Jefmu joyncd himfelf as his Companion) was by the adviceofHen. Garnet, Provincial or Superiour of the faid Society in England (Robert Catefbyznd Francii Trejham of the Gentry , inftigating) pri- vately fent into Spain, in the name of the Catholicks , with j>i: idoi' Letters Commendatory to Arthur Crefmll of the fame Society jAaniitk'.' living in Sfava, and with Commandis to the King i of which this was the fumme. That he (hould forthwith fend an Army info England, for which the Catholicks would be ready in Arms as foon as it came over. In the mean while that he (hould aiOgn yearly Penfions to (bme Catholick Gentlemen. Furthermore, that he (hould infinuate it to the King, that there were fome Gen- tiemen and Military perfons that were aggrieved at the Pre- fent (iate of things, whom he might eadly draw to his Part, by relieving their neceffities. And whereas the greatcft diffi- culty, after the Landing fuch an Army, would be for fupply ofHoifcs i they in England would take care to have Two thoufand Horfes ready provided upon all occa(ion5. This thing was fecretly tranfafted by the Mediation of Crtfrvell with Vetrutfrancefa Secretary to King Fhilip, and Francifcus SandovallhtJ Duke o( Lerma, and he alBrmed that the thing would be very acceptable to King Philip , and that he had offered his utmoft alEftance : that it was alfo agreed among them of the Place of Landing. For if the forces wcK great,then Kent and Effcx would be moft commodious for their Landing i iflefs, Milford in Wales, and that King Pi&i/ip had i>tciis ctnui^ promifed by Count Miranda toward that Expedition Ten omterHm CIq. hundred thou(and Crowns. Stored with thcfe promi(es, returns into England, and acquaints Garnet, Catesby, zndiTrefitam what he had done., Thcfc The Hidory of the Powdef'Plot, ^ T'lefc things weretriniiQcd under Q^Elizabcth: who dying about this time, Chr^opber Wright who was privy to thefc Matters, is fpecdily fe»t into Spain, who bringing the News of the Queens Death, preffeth the bufincfs of the Penfionsand the Expedition. With him was fent from Bnwce/i/by ' ' ' '""f' Stanly, Hugh Owen, and Baldtanm-, (one of the Society of the Jifnits ) Guido Fawkfs, with Letters to CrtfwtU that he »2 Jmh. itfoj, thouid fpeed the buhneis. To him was given in Command, that he ihould fignifie to the King that the Condition of the Cathoiicks, would be rrore hard under the new King, then it had been under Elizabeth i and therefore that he ihould by no means deiih from Co iaudablean Enterprize. That Milford Jay open for an eaiie Landing to Spinola. But the Rate of things was changed by the death of the Qjccn, and King Philip returned an Anfwer worthy ofa King, that he could no longer attend to their Petitions, for that he had feot AtribaiTadors into EwgJintd, totteatof Peace with the new King. Theretore defpairingof their defign as to King Philip, the Confpiratcnrs Ry to their laRand defperatc Couniels, and in the fiift place they tnake it their bt^nejs to fatisfie their Con- Jcietices, and that being done, they confirm their refolutions to attempt feme great Enterprize. And thns their Vivinet dijcourfed, Todepofe Kings, to grant their Kingdoms to others, is in fijc power .of the Supream Judge of the Church > But all Hcreticks being ipfo jure fcparated from communion of the Fakhful, are every year on Holy "thurjday, cxcomnnunicated Cana Domini. by the Pope. And ^is holdeth not only in Profefled Here- ticks, butinthofe thatarccovertly fuch , becaufe being repu- tcdi/>/o^«reExcomfrtmicate,they do incur the (fame) Pe- nalties, which are ipfo fado deferved by profefled Hereticks. From thence it follows, that Kings and other Chriftian Prin- CCS if they fall into Hetefie may be depofed, and their SubjetRs difchargcd of their Allegiance. Nor can they recover their Right again, no, not though they Ihould be reconciled to the Church. When it is faid that the Church, the Common Mother of all, doth ftiut her. bofome againft none that B 2 return The Hifiory of the Voxoder-Tlot, return to her , this is to be underflood with a diftinc^ion, . provided it be not to the damage or danger of the VIZ, jfUy, 1604.3 Church. For this is true as to the Soul, but not as to the Kingdom. Nor ought this punifhment to be extended only to Princes that are thus inftdbed, but alio to their Sons, who for their Fathers Sin are excluded from Succeflion in the Kingdom. For Herefie is a Leprofie, and an Hereditary Difeafe ; and to fpeak more plainly, he lofeth his Kingdom that deferteth the RotWiJW Religion ; heis to be accurfed, abdicated, profcribedj neither is he, nor any of his Poflcrity to be reftored to the Kingdom : as to his Soul, he may be abfolved by the Pope only. Thinking themfclves abundantly fecured within by thefe reafonings, they begin to feek owwjrdftrengtheningsto their Confpiracy : and chiefly 5ccrejic, which they fealed by Con- fellion, and the receiving of the Sacrament. To this end there was an Oath drawn up amongji them, in which they did engage their Faith by the H. Trinity and the Sacrament,which they were prefently to receive, that they would neither di- redly nor. indiredly by word or circumliance difcover the- Plot now to be communicated to them, nor would they defiil from profecyting it,unlefs allowed by their AflTociates. Thus being encouraged by the Authority of their. Divines, they betake themfclves to the adventure (as) not only lawful & laudable,but raeritorious.This was done before JohnGerard of that Society. Unto this, after ConfelEon, by the Sacrament of the Holy Altar, were drawn in, the next May, at firft live of the Con- fpirators, Robert Cateshy, The. Winter, Tho. Percy, Kinfman to the E. of Northumberland, John Wright, znd the afore- mentioned Fawk^s called out o! Flinders. Catesby, the Author of this Tragedy, thought it not enough that this, or chat, or any iingle perfon Ihould be aimed at, but that all, together, and at the fame time, fliould be comprehended in this Confpiracy. * For The Hijiory of the Voroder'Ttot. For fo he reafoned with himfelf. The King himfelf might many wayes be taken away , but this would be nothing as long as the Prince and the Duke of Tork were alivetagaiuj if they were removed, yet this would advantage nothing fo long as there remained a Parliament, fo vigilant, focircumfpetS to whatever might happen : or if the Parliament could or the chief Members of it, could bede- fttoyed, there would remain ftill the Peers of the Realm ; fo many Prudent Perfons,. fo nrtany powerful Earls, addicted to that Party, whom they could hardly rtlirt, and who by their Authority, Wealth and Dependants, would be able, ifoccafion Ihouldbe, to rcdore things to their former Hate. Therefore not by delayes," but at one.blovv all werle to be fwallowed up; and fo laudable an Atchievement was to be brought to cffcdi: altogether, and at once. . 7 At fyeftminjier there is an old Palace of very great Honor and Veneration for its Antiquity, in which the great Coun^ cils of the Kingdom are ufed to be. celebrated j which by a word borrowed from us, they call a Parliament. Fn this,the King with His Male illue, the Biihops of His. Privy Councel, the Peers, the Nobilityt,. the'Chief'Magifttates ,'and thofe that are delegated- fronr particular Counties, CitLcs:, Towns,and Burroughs i in fliort,the Men of greateft Wifdora and Counfel do meet together. . ti Hcit Catesby thought a convenient place to execute his {6 long Hudied and digefted Plot and shaving made a Vault, andflcring it with a great quantity of Gun-Powder, to in- volve all thole together, who could not ftverally be taken, to- gether with the King and His Family intheRubbilh of the fame Ruines.. • ■ : Therefore when he had dealt with Fieny, and he after many bitter complaints of the King,through impatience,broke forth into thefe words, ' That there; was only one way left to be * delivered from fo many Evils, and that was to take the King 'out of the way.,, and to that end, as he was ready for any ' attempt, did- freely offer his own Service. Catesby s who wasmorecauticiis.and cunning , moderated the Gentlemaps heat, and,.' God forbid, faid he, that this Head of thine fo ' dear c 6 The Hijiory of the Powder-Tlot, ' dear to all good men (hould be fo fruitlefly expofed to fuch ' danger. The bulinefs may be undertaken and accomplifhed, ' yet fo as that you and fuch as you are may ftill be prefer- • ved for further confulting for Religion and the Publfck ' weal. Then he opens his dcfign in very plaulibie words, and with like Artifice flicws him the manner how k was to be cSt&cd. Piercy agtetSy and prefently hires an Houlc nigh to the place, and very opportune to work his Vault, The Parliament that was called the year before, was deferred Kfv. 1604. tUl FtlrHory following. Mean while, Th. Bates ^ Catesbyh Servant, a dextrous Fellow, and one in whom his Mailer did much confide, being, leaf! he (hould fufped any thing , taken into the privity of the Faft, when at firtl he feoned to be mo- ved at the horridncfs of the thing, he is fcnt to Tefmnnd alias Greetmell, (for thofemcn, that they might the b«ter be un- difcovered, went nndct two Names, fometimes under three) by whom he was pafwaded, and ferangeiy confirmed to the Execution of the dcfign, being made fenfible of the MerttO' rioufnefe of the woik. Afterwards Jiobtrt Kgfes, and after him Amhrofe Roekwood, and John Grautf were taken into the Pbf. Die, ir. Ill Eid. Xbr. the Vault wa begun, Cbriftapher ff^mbie^ and a little after Robert Winter being alfo taken into the Sodety. The work being often intermitted.and often repeated, at length the Vault was brought to the Wall of the Contr, where anewdifhcuityarifethfrom the hardnefsofthe Wall, and the thicknefs of three Ells i fo that under along time the work could not be finilhed, and there were now but a few dayes to the fitting of the Parliament. And now the pertinacious induflry of the Workmen had almoft beat its way through the middle of the Wall, and they feemed not fo much to want good minds (to the work) as time, when as the Parliament was put off tiS the Month of OSober. Then vpof Dtfpair turned into Joy, with certain con- fidence that ihey (hould effe^ their defign ; and it was ob- ferved that whiles they "briskly beat upon the Wall, there was a notfe heard trpon the other fide of the Wall. Thither Fatvlis is fent to enquire out the caofe. He brings word back that there The Hijlory of the Towder-Flot. there was a CtUar under Ground , from whence they were re- moving Cole, hebeinft lately Dead who had hired that Cellar for his own ufe. Therefore the Confpiratots thinking that Cellar tnore commodious, by ^he help of Ficrcy,\et out their o- ther Houfes,3nd bring all theiiMaterials & hopcsinto this. Such was the opportunenefs of the place fforit was almoft dirtdfly under the Royal Throne) that fo feafonable an accident did make them perfwadc themfelves, that God did by afecret Conduct favour their Attempt. Thcfc things happened about the Feaft ot Eajier. The Gun-powder is at their leifore carried into the Cellar from Houfe over againft the Palace,where it had been with great care and diligence brought together» Firft, Twenty Barrels are layed in and covered with Billets and Faggots. Then the Confpirators being fure of the good event, began to confult tfbat was to be done after they had effeHed their Plot: Firft, they confider'd of taking the Prince, who about that time, they came to undcrfiand, would not come to the Parlia- ment with his Father, contrary to what they concluded in tite beginning, and againft him they plotted dcftrudion, as one that was no Friend of theirs, and they had found out a way for it. The next care was for concerning which they thought they had fufficienrly provided. They had alio provided that the Peers and Gentry addWed to Popery, (hould, as much as might be , be exempt from danger. Laftly , they debated concerning calling in fotreign Princes fo their afliftance i but being doubttui of theiir taith and fccrefie, they thought fit not to fcnd" to them till they had accomplifticd their defigns for cdmmmilyfach Actions are not commended but by their Event. They paffed their Judgments upon them feverally, the Spaniards feemed to be more opportune for them, Ixit too remote, and too flow in railing Forces. The French was near, but fearful and fufpc^ed for the cllofe league he held with the Vmtcb. The moft piefent help was from Flandersftorn whence they might moft commodroufly expeft Supplies j for which Stanly was defigned the Captain or Commander. Moreover, 8 , The of the Powder-Plot. Moreover, that they, might the more cafily deceive the world, and leatV by their palling to and fro to thofe places they fhould give feme caufe of Surpition, they go their ftveral rvayes \ fome into the Coanirey, tome a great way out of the Ifland, waiting f9r the time appointed for the Execution. FaipkJ went into Flanders that he might acquaint Stanly and OBJfM with the whole Matter, nor did he return into England till the Utter end of Angufl. Catesby^thit he might not be idle in the mean time, gets Francis Trcjham and Everard Vigby to his Party , agreeing w'nh themtot Supply of Nhney, and the former promifdTwo thoufatjd pounds of Engltjh Money ,' the Other. Fifteen hun- dred- Pier^, thafw4s prodigal at anptheii mansr'chargf, pfo- mifed whatfoever hfe could fcrapetogether of the Revenues of the E. o[ Northumberland. . In theiBean Tew ntQr^^Earrels of Gm porvder are added to the; iwiinfr^/and, four"^WVejer^ate than the reft 3 upon farpilipn 1,, le^ft . moiftneU of the place, the' Former fhouid have been (polled i and a'gaip, fhey'are all covered over with a great heap of ftones and wood And nowdhe time o( the Parltamekts convening drew on , 5 h^v. which was again put of till the Nohes of November. . ,T/iere- fpie the Gonfpu^torsdi4 tHcir cotifulta'/iohj.ahd (dmeAyefe,apBoitited:W^d, fliat tli^' Enter; prize was,to,tbeiExec«tfdj.thq9ldj^i^^^ ttppn^the LadyKlnihttf (the Kings e)deft Daughter, who was brought Up under the Lord Farrington in urider pretence of an Htin- ting Match, w%h EpfW and Therefore fhewed it to the chief Councellors, Charles Horvard, Chief Admiral of the Seas, the Earl of Nottiitgham, to the Earls of JVorcefter^ and Northampton. The thing being confidered of amongft them , although at firft fight the Letter feemed of no great moment; yet they thought that not the flighted difcovery ought tobe defpifed, efpecially where the fafcty oftheKing was endangered,nor fuch great carc tobe blamed in them, to whom the prefervation of His Majefty did both by Office and Duty belong. C The iQ The Htjlory of the Vowder-Tlot. The King was then gone to "R-oyfion, to Hunt. It feemed good to them to detsimine nothing before they had confulted the King. For they Taid that they had oftentimes experienced the quick apprehenfion , and happy cmjeUnre of the King in unnddleiMgthings that mre liable togreatefl douhtfrtlnefs. I ^ov. Upon the Calends of November ^ the King returned to the City, and forth with Cecil taking him afide, unfolds the mat- ter, and (hews him the Letter, which it feems worth while to infcrt here for ihe perpetual remembrance of it j forafmuch as not without caufe it afforded fuch matter of difpute between him and his Councellors. ' The love which I bear to feme of your Friends makes ' me careful for your fafety. Wherefore I advife you, as you ' love your life, that you would invent fome excufe for your ' abfence from the Parliamient. For God and Men, as it were ' by agreement do haften to puniflr the wickednefs of this ' Age. Do not make light of this warning, but depart as foon ' as you can into your own Countrey, where you may fecurely ' expetS the event. For although no figns of troubles do ' appear, yet I admonifh you, that that meeting ffiall receive ' a terrible blow, and fhall not fee who fmiteth them. Do not ' defpife this difcovery, it may be profitable to you, it cannot * hurt you. For the danger is over as foon as you have burnt ' this Letter. I hope by the grace of God you will make good * ufc of this Counfell, to whole protection 1 commend you. The King having read the Letter (though through the generoufnefs.of his mind, he was no way prone to fufpicionj did conjedure that fame ftrange thing did lye hid under if, and that the notice given, was by no means to be negleCted. On theothciriide, Cecil faid, it was certainly written by fome Mad mm "• For no man well in his wits would fpeak at this rate of adanger which he doth admonifh (o much to be- ware of. "Ihe danger it ever as foon as you flsaU burn the Letter, How fmalla danger could that be wiiich fhould vanifh in fo fhort a motnent. On the other fide the King, in whofe breaft the ffrft fulpi- tionhadnow taken deep root, urged the foregoing words, That ajfehibly (hall receive a terrible Hove, and (hall not fee mho fmiteth The H/Jiory of the Ponoder-rlot. i fmiteth them. And whiles walking in the Gallery he deeply thought of thefe things from one particular to another, it came into his mind that a hidden blow by Gun-powder was in- tended by thofe words : For what more fudden then a blow by Gun-powder ? Thus the King emdSalitbttry fo broke off their di(courfe,that the King did lirongly perfevere in his conjedrure, Salisbury to free the Kings mind from fears and cares feemed in his pre- fence to make light of this notice given i but in the mean time admiring within himfelfthe Kings uncouth and unufual infer- pretation , and fo prefently fuipedingit, did conclude , that it was not lightly to be regard ed. The next day the thing being agaia confidered of by the King, and His Counfellors, it feemed good that the Palace with the places near adjoyning, (hould be diligently fearched, and. that bufinefs was affigncd to the Lojd Chamberlain-, who upon the Monday which preceded the Parliament, about the Evening, that he might give no occafio.n of Rumours, goes with the Lord Monteagle to thofe places : entring into the fioufe thatPfrc)* had hired, they found a great heap of Billets and Fagots and Coal in a Vault underground > and Wineard the Keeper of the Kings houfes being there prefent, he was •sked for what ufe they were brought in thither ? they under- flood that the houfe was hired by Percy , and that heap was brought in by him. Moreover the Chamberlain fpying Fancks Handing in a corner of the Cellar, asked who he was, and what bufinefs he had there ? Who'anfwered, that he was .the Domeftick Servant of Percy, and the Keeper of that houfe in Percys abfence. Having thus done , the.y return to the Court,^ reporting what rhey had feen, and conjedturing worfe things then for- merly they had done. For it came into Monteagks mind upon the mention of Percy, that he was highly addidfed to the Popilh Religion, that they had formerly been acquainted, and lived as Friends, and it might be that he was the Author of that Letter which gave ground to all this fufpition. The Lord Chanabetl^in among other fufpicious matters,did revolve in his mind, ^hat that floreofwood in the houfe of C 2 Percy, The Hijiory of the Fotvder-Plot. Ptrcy, where he feldom refided, was not brought in thither to no purpofe, and that that Servant of Percy whom he faw in the Cellar, looked like a delperate, wicked Knave. All which things did increafe the Kings fufpition, who would have that Vault further fearched again •, but leaf! if no- thing were found,the Counfcllors (Irould make themfelves lidi- culous to the People,as ifthey were afraid ofevery light rcportj and moreover, fearing, leafl whiles they appeared, to fufptdl Percy ^ who was allied in Blood to the chiefeft Peers of the Realm, they fhould fecra to fufpedl: the Earl of Northumberland himfelf : yet when the fafety of the King did prevail upon them, they fo ordered the matter, that fearch fhould be made without noife or injury to any. it was given in command to S'u *Phoniai Knevet^ Jufiice Peace for iFefiminjier, that in the dead of the Night he fhould go with a convenient company to that houfc, and fhould take Wmeard a long with him, under pretence that he had loft fome Hangings and Tapeflry. Thither Sir 'Tho. Knevet going, finds Faxchs^ Percy's Dome- flickServant, who under a feigned name called himfelf John Jqhnjon , before the Houfe booted and habited for a Journey •, and he gives command prefently to lay hold on him. From thence going into the Cellar, he fpeedily removes the Wood and Coal, which being retnoved, the Treafon ap- pcared, one little Barrel of Gun-powder being fitft difcovered by it felf, and afterward the heap being removed 3d Barrels ofdiflferent magnitude were found there. Then turning to the Ptifoner, and examining his Garr ments they found in them tinder, and three Match cords. But he being taken in the Fadf, and not able to deny, the cafe being now defperate, he of his own accord confeffed the Crime, and with an unappallcd countenance (as he was a man of a refolute mind to undertake any defperate attempt) he added, that it was well for them that they found him be- fore the houfe, now lately come out of the Cellar, in which all things were ready : for if they had found him within , he would not have flood to have buried himiftlf and them toge- ther, by putting fire to the Train. Knevet The Hijlory of the Potvder-rlat. 13 Kitnd having difcovfered the matrerr^eturns torthwith re- joking to the Palace,about Four a Clock in the Morning, and acquaints S^lvibury and tHe Lord Charnberlain s who presently with a noife rulh into the Kings Bed Chamber, and tell him theTreafon wasdetedled, and tney had the Author of it in Cu- Body and Bond'. The fame of this being fpread abroad, for in fo great a mat'er of Joy it could not be concealed, the Conjpirators fly fome this way, fome that way, and meet together at Holbech atthehoufeof Stefhcn Littleton, in the borders of Stafford-. Jhire. Thither came thofe that were privy to the Confpiracy out of JVarmck^Jhire and tForccfier-Jhire ■> although they were igno- rant of the difcovery ofthe Plot, having taken away by force from GentlctTiens houfes their Warr-hoifes; thereby giving a raanifeft token what they would have done when they had got the power in their hands, when as they ravaged with fuch boldnefs, while the event was yet doubtful. . The Leaders ofthe Fadlion truftcd that great numbers of Men , and a confidcrable Army would Hock into them, as foon as they fliould appear in Arms. But the Lieutenants and Sheriffs being before, while theTreafon was only fufpe- died. Commanded by the King to ride about their Counties, their attempts were all made void, and fcarcely an Hundred of all that number appeared in Arms. And they v-tere encom- KichtrdWalfh, High Sheriff of the County of IVor- cefier, who came upon them unexpedtedly with a ftrong power of Men, fo that they could not efcape. when defpairing of Pardon, and their troubled Confciences putting them upon defpcrate exploits, the Gun-ponodcr thit was dryingby the Fire, took fire by a fparkle that fell into if, and fofuddenly burnt the Faces, Sides, Arms, Hands of the Befieged, that they were rendered unable to handle their Arms, and fo loft their ftrength and courage together. Catesbyind Percy , that were moft atSive, together with Tho. Jf inter, while they betake themfelves to a corner of the houfc, are both fhot through with a Leaden Bullet. TFinter being wounded, fell into the hands of the Kings Party, both the The Hijiory of the Voroder-flot. the'V^t'i^tivpefe jlsin y Grant, Vigby, Kachyeood , and Bates were tak^n Vrifoncrs. Trcfham whiles Ihifting his Lodgings in London, he fomctime efciped , yet at laft was taken. Robert Jf'inter Littleton a long time wandring up and down the Woods, at ladfell into the hands of the Guards, and were all committed to the Tower at London. Being Examined without the rack, ( for only Favobs was put under this way of Examination, and that but moderately) they feverally difcovered the whole feries of the matter as we have before recounted, and taxed none in Holy Orders, which many looked upon as purpofely avoided , becaufe they were bound by Oath not to do if. When as Francis Trejham had before he dyed in Piifon of his own accord nominated llenr\ Garnet, being adm,oni(hed thereof by his Wife he wrote a Letter to the Earl of SalUhury, and excufing his too rafli confcffion , he (o difcbarged Gdiiuct as much as in him lay by a folemn adjuration interpofcd, that he did entangle him- , felf in a notorious lye, affirming f that he had not fecn Garnit upon his sdvi- of fixtecn years i when as it did appear afterward by the con- tion, even in feffion of Garnet ^ that they had, often and for a long time arciculo mor- {^aether converfed one with another, before the fix Moneths tis, (a lamenti- , P a bLe thinO for rcithin three hours after he dyed. Proceedings againfl the late Traitors. C c 2. 3. * And of Mrs. Anne Vaux, who confejfedthat [he had feen Mr. Trefham with Garnet at her houfe three or four times fme theifrngs coming in ■, and that they were at Erkh together the la^i Sumrner, and that Garnet and [he were not long fince with Mr. Trefham at his boufdn Norchampton-fhire, and [layed there. Proceedings, ibid. CIdIdCVI. Di^^jconfefliog the matter as it was in truth endeavoured f He [ought to f to excufe the horridnefs of the FacS,which he acknowledged clear all the Je- fgerned to detect, by the defperatenefs of their condition ; ^mclifei whiih being made to hope that the new King, upon his coming to they themjelves fhe Kingdom, would indulge liberty of Confcience to thofe of the have now con- Popifh Religion, and would permit the exercife thereof with feffed ex ore fgme rcfirii^ion > This being denyed, it drove thofe tniierable ceeding's, idl unadvifedly to pernicious Counfels. Even atthetime of Gitnets Tryal was current throughout the 'town arepoit of aKetraUation under Bates his hand, of his accufation e/Greenwell. Proceedings, ibid. Here The HiHory of the Porvder-rlot. Here the Earl of Nortbampmi and Ceci/, (who together with the Earl of Nottingham, JForcejier. and Vevonjhire^ did fit as Judges in thatCaufc) tHierpofed, affitming that the King never gave them any hope of liberty, nor ever engaged his word tor it", but fadfious perfons did malicioufly throw fuch a report abroad, that they might have a pretence wherewith toexcufe both themfelves, and fuch as they were, for the Se- ditions which they raifed in the Kingdom. At length being Convidfed and found Guilty, they are condemmd to the punifhment wont to be inflitSed by the Laws of the Realm upon Rebels and Traytors. Everard Vighy , Robert Winter , John Grant, and Thomas Bates v/cte Executed at London, nigh the Weftcrn Gate of Sr. Paul's Church in the later end oi January, The day fol- lowing, The. Winter-, Amhrofe Kock^ood, Robert Keiesand Guido Fan>ksy who confeffed that they bad wrought in the Vault, were Executed it Wejimonafier' in the Old Palace yard near the Parliament houfe. Upon this many, who for this caufe were banifhed , or of their own accord changed their Native Soil, were mod cour- teoufly received it Calice, by Dominicl^^ Wikes y the Governour there » for fo the King commanded. Of whom one was of fuch a perverfe mind that when Wikjs did (hew hitr.filf to bewail his and his Companions fortune, and for their comfort added, Though they had lo(i their Native Countrey, yet by the Kings grace they had a Neigh- bouring one allowed them. Nay, faith the other , Itistheleaji fart of our grief, that we are banijhed our Native Countrey, and that we are forced to change our Soil, becaufe every good man counts that his Countrey where he can be well ' thU doth truly and heartily grieve us, that we could not bring fo generous and wholjom a defign to ferfeHioH, Which as foon as Viciis contrary to his expefiation, had heard he could hardly for anger abftain from throwing that man into the Sea, who gloryed in fuch a Plot as was damned by all men. For fo I remember I have heard Vieus often fay, when together with Alexander Delbenius , he came courteoully upon the account of our Ancient friendfhip to vifit me, a little before he went from us. , The , ^5 I i6 the Hijiory of the Vowder-Tlot. The Plot being difcovered, the Parliament among publick rcjoycings was held with great (ecurity. To whom the King made a moft weighty Oration , and fct forth the inexpreliible Mercy of God over all his works,towards Himfclf, his Family, and His whole Kingdom, largely aggravating the thing from .itsfevetal drcumhances. Thi-beingwith great * And this con- Juitjce added, That he did not fay , that were addi&ed tothe hfstruth'iThsl B-cligion were to be included as guilty of this Crime: as upon ihcfof that there were many among them^ who although they are one part many involved in Popifh Errors (fo he called them) yet had they not lofi honeft 5 their true Loyalty to Princes^ but did obferve the Duty both of a fome^rrorrof man, and of a good SubjeH '•> and that he in return had Popery, met)-good thoughts of them : and that he thought the Severity of the yet remainc Puritans was worthy of flames, who deny that any Pafiji can be good & faith- received into Heaven. ful Subjefts : So as on the other part, none of thofe that truly know and believe the whole ground, and School conclufions of their Doftrine , can ever prove either good Chriftians or faithful Subieds. He had [aid a little before. That many honeft men blinded pcradven- ture with fome opinions of Popery, yet do they either not know, or at leaft not believe ail the true grounds of Popery, which is indeed the myfterie of Iniquity. This likewife was ■wnifhy the Wifdom of a moft juft Prince,that he did Judge that no Forreign Prince not Common- wealth, nor none that did manage affairs for them ha'd any hand in this Confpiracy , as who did judg of them according to his own mind and temper, and would think of others what he would that they (hould think of him. Therefore he did will and require, that when any mention ^ (hould be made of this Confpiracy in Parliament, everyone (hould fpeak and think honourably of them. Which thing ^ was done for the refpedJ: that he bore to the Spaniards , with whom deliring to keep that peace which he of late made with them, he would not leave any the leaft appearance of analie- nated affedfion, or a fufpicious mind. He added this moft generoufty, That, he would that all men Jhould underftand, that refinginGods froteUion, the tranquility and quiet of hU mind was not at all di^urbed by this accident, and that he did wijh that his breaft were tranfparent to all, that the Uifiory of the Vorvder-Tlot. that his People might behold the moll Jecret recejjes of his heart. But when he judged it might conduce much to Example and Publick Security, that he fhould fevcrely punifli the Au- thors of fo horrid a Crime, and becaufe there was a fufpition arifing from Letters, Confeflions and Proofs made, that Gerard alias Hen. Garnet^ OfwaldtefmonddiVnsGree»n>ell,wete cither privy to, or promoters of this Confpiracy ; therefore upon the XVIII. of the Kalends of February , a Proclamation 14 is puhlijhed againjithem, and a reward propofed to him that fhould difcovcr and bring them to their Tryal, as alfo a Pe- nalty added againft thofe who after the publifhing of this Proclamation fhould entertain, nourifh, conceal, or be any way aiding the pcrfons named in that Proclamation, or fliould at all indeavour that thofe who are accufed of this horrid Crime fhould not be found out and appre- hended. In order hereunto diligent fearcb is made, and ftrift en- quiry after them, who concealed thcrofelvesi at length Hen. Garnet and— Hall and Garnets Servant were ta^n in the honk Abington a Papiff, and fent to London caft into the tomr. The waetched Servant for fear leaA he fhould be forced by torments to accufe his Mafter, or defpairing upon feme other account, did lay violent hands upon him- fclf in the Prifbn, and with a blunt knife ( for he was not permitted to have a keen one by him) he cut up his orru Belly, and drew out his Bowels : and although his wound was bound up yet before he could be Examined, he dyed. Garnet was very gently ufed in his Imprifcnment, as he him- felf afterward confelTed. Atfirll he denyed all things i and when it did appear that nothing could be drawn from him voluntarily , and the King that he might avoid calumny was unwilling to ufe torments upon him, refolves by craft to- illude his cautious pcrtinacy, and to bring him to larger Confeffions (who would anfwcc little or nothing) whether he would or not. He fecretly imploys—a. man , who by deep groans, and frequent complaints againft the King, and his Counfellors, D and ^ .1 (Hi. i8 The Hijiory of the Powdef'Tlot. and the deplorable condition of the CathoHcks in England-, did in the end perfwade Garnet that he was Pcpifhly enclined, and fo crept into intimate familiarity with him. This man he fends with a Letter to a Gentlemman, that was Impiifoned for her Religion,who kept her family at WhltmbznA other places, and received with great hofpitalitythofe whom he commended to her. In which Letter he wrote plainly, and yet fparingly : what things he had already confeffed, what he was not yet examined upon , and by what means he would excufe thofe things (which he had confeffed) and conceal thefe. He wrote likewife to Kookwood the Prieft , who was Prifoner in another Prifon, and wrote his Letter with Ink in the mid- die, about fome familiar matters that any one might read, but left broad Margents on both fides, which he filled with his Secrets, vprittin tvith thejnice of an Orange, denying all what- foever he had confeffed before the Lords. As to the Spanijh Expedition, hefaid he had obtained the Kings Pardon. As to this laft Confpiracy he fliould avoid Judgment, becaufe he knew they could make no fufficient pnroofs againft him. But however it went, he added, having too high an opinion of himfelf, that which was fpoken of the only Redeemer of the world, It would be neceffary that one man fhould die for the People. The Letter was by the Kings Councellors , who fmelt out the cunning, held to the fire, and prefently the writing ap- pear'd, and the fraud was difcovered. He being every day more and more confident ofhis inftru- c E^r/0/Northampton made a long and elaborate difcourfe againfl: him, in which he largely handled the Authority which the Popes arrogate to themfelvcs of depofing Princes, and difcuffed that Chapter of Nos fanSlorum^ the ground,as he faid, ef this and fuch lik§ Confpiracles. At length Sentence is pajjed by the Lord Chief Juflice ef the Kings Bench, that Garnet Ihould be Drawn, Hanged , and Quartered. His Plea for himfelf was only this, that although he did a long time before know of the Confpiracy, by common fame and Rumours, (for Greenmll only informed him of all the particulars! but under the Seal of Confeffion, by the Laws of which he was forbidden to difcover it to any man living): yet that he did admonifh GreentveU to defift from the FatS which he did very much difapprove of, and to hinder others engaged in Ccnfcicnceor privity in it. Here Cecil I fever e\y reproved him ■» 'For, faid he, if he did * difapprove of the Fatit, why did he afford Greenmll the be- ' nefit of Abfolution before he had by his penitence given tefU- * mony that he did truly and from his heart deteft the Fadf ? ' Furthermore,when as he underftood the matter from Cateshy, ' where there was no Seal of Confelfion, this was fufHcient to, ' have made a difcovery of the Plot ifhe had fo highly abhorred 'it as he did pretend. But there were other things that lay heavy upon his charge, and thefe chiefly which were amongfi his Confefions ^ written with his own hand and fent to the King, viz. 'That Greenmll 'did acquaint him with this not as with a iln(he had to confefs) ' but as an Ad which he well enough underftood,and in which ' he required his advice and counfel. ' That Catesby and Greenmll came to him to require his ' advice upon the matter, and that the whole bufintfs might ' be refolved among them. That Tefmund ( for fo he was * now called , who e'rewhile was Greenmll) and he, did not ' long agope confult together in Effepe of the Particulars of this ' Confpiracy„ The Hidory of the Tovocler-rlot. 2i * Confpiracy. Laftly, when GreenrvtU asked who fliould be • Prote<9'or of the Kingdom i Garnet anfwered , that that ' anfwer ought to be deferred til! they (aw how things (hould •-go. When thefeihings were brought to his remembrance, and did make it appear that he knew of the Confpiracy otherwife then by the way of Confellion, all that he anfwered was, that whatfoever he had figned with his own hand, was true. Being brought to Execution the Third of May being htventio crucit [_Holy rood dayj he faid, ' he came thither that day to ' find an end at length of all the crolTes that he had born in this ' life ; that none were ignorant of the caufc of his punifhment s • that he had finned againft the King in concealing it i that he ' was forry for it, and humbly begged the Kings Pardon ; that •the Plot againft the King and Kingdom was bloody , and • which if it had taken effc^ he Ifiould have detefted with all • his heart, and that fo horrid and inhumane a Fadf (hould be ' attempted by Catholicks, was that that grieved him more ' then his death. Then he added many things in defence of /4nne Faux, who was held in Prifon, and lay under great fuffi- tion upon his account. Being accufcd that he had while (^E/iz. was alive recei- ved certain Brtves from Rome, in which he and the Peers Proceeding! ^ inclined to Popery were admonilhed, that when that miferMe^^' TFbmanJhouldhappen to die, they jhould admit of no Prince, how marly foever related in blood, but fuch as Jhould not only toh' rate the Catholick^ Faith, but by all means promote it > he faid, he had burnt them, the King being received for King. And' when he was again Examined upon the fame things , he re- fcrred Henry Montacute who asked him about if, to his Con* felfions fubfcribed by him. Qeingtixedioi knding Ectmund Bainham to Rome, not to return to the City before the Plot Jhould take effectTnis he thus excufed, ' as if he had notfent him upon that accountibut • that he might inform the Pope of the calamitous (late of Eng- '■land,iT\d confultwith him what coutie the Catholicks (hould ' take i and therefore referred them again to his Confeffion^s, The Recorder of London., Then 2 2 The Hijlory of the Towder-Vlot. Then he kneeled down upon the Stage to his Prayers ^ and looking about hither and thither, did fecm to be diltrelTed for the lofs of his life, and to hope a Pardon would be brought him from the molt merciful Prince : Montacnte admonifhed him that he fliould no longer think of life, but if he knew of any Treachery againft the King or Kingdom, that he fliould as a dying man prefently difcover it, for that it was now no time to Equivocate. At which words Garnet being fomewhat moved, made anfwer, ' that he knew the time did not admit 'of Equimcation-, that how far and when it is lawful to Equi- ' vocate he had otherwhere delivered his opinion, that now he ' did not equivocate, and that he knew nothing but what he ' had conftlfed. Then he excufed himftlf that he did at firfi diffemhlebefore the Lords \ 'That he did fo becaufe he did not > 'think they had had fuch teftimony and proof againft him , ' till they did produce it i which when they did produce , he ' thought it as honourable for him to confefs, as it would have ' been at firfl to have accufed himftlf. He added many things ' to excttfe Greenmll, profefling that unlefs he thought he were ' out of danger, he would not have difcovered the guilt of his ' dear Brother in this Confpiracy. Then praying that the * He faid alfo, * Catholicks in England might not fare the worfe upon his ac- Iexbonthm all count, he crojfed bimfelf, and after he had comnijsnded his Soul to ta^e heed God,the Ladder being taken away, he was hang'd to death. Info 'aly tfea- In his heha\f Andreas Eudaimon-Johannes a Cretian>, of the /oos. Rebellions, fame Society, wrote an Apology, in anftver to Sir Edw. Cokes' or inlurreClions (^p,Qok\nK\t\x\ed) AUio inProditores, (for fo much the Title wainlltheKing- ^Q[\^ iraply_^ publiflied four years after, and approved by Robert which chiefly nsrote his Anti- the Doctrine of Equivocation is defended and explained from logia, edit. Scripture, Fathers, Schoolmen, and Thomifts i and the ne- Lend.1615. 4. cefiity and matter oi the Seal of Secrtfie or Confejjion is debated, and the chiet heads of hit Accufation are anfwered\ the Speech of the Earl of Northampton is refuted. Moreover he doth endeavour to evince that Garnet never knew any thing of the Conlpiracy but by tfre d/ConteiEon i and that he did al- ways abhor the Treafon, Then The Hijl-ory of the Vowdcr-rlot. 23 Then fome things are related of his Cottftancy at hit Death, which arc not related in the Hillory oHr. And as a conclu- fion of his Commentarv , there is (he memorable Story of the Strava upon which the Effigies of the Dead was fecn, at which he faith his Advcrfaiies were very much difturbed. Whiles the Body was quartered by the Hangman, fome drops of blood fell upon the Straw that was there provided to light the fire. who was there prefcnt, that he gather fome relique of the Body of Garnet, carried home with him an Ear, that was fprinkled with blood, and depofited it with a Gentlewoman, who kept it with great veneration in Hu. Griffith'^ a Chrifial-glafs. Afterward it wasobfervcd with great admb wife. ration, that the Effigies of Garnet was plainly exprcfled in that blood. Then with great 2ea] was the fame of the Miracle fpread abroad i which others did prefently elude by a contrary con- flrut^ion j faying, 'ft ought to feem no wonder if a man ' brought up among Exiles in Flanders, improved at Kome in ' Italy, authorized to a Confpiracy in his own Countrey , and ' breathing nothing but revenge, did as long as he lived thirlf 'after the blood of his Countreymen,(hould when dead dtfcrve ' to be pitftured in blood. So dangerous a thing it is in thefe corrupt times to fay any thing for the honour of any mm in thofe things which do exceed belief and the common courfe of Nature, which may not preftntiy be retorted to his difpa- ragemenr. This end hzd this Confpiracy-, the ftrangeft that either our, or former ages do make mention of, for contrivance, dating- nefs, or cruelty. For it is often heard of, and fame doth de- liver it down to poflerity, that many Princes are cut off by # Treachery, many Common-wealths are attempted by the fnares and falffiood of their Enemies i 'But no Countrey , no Age ever bred fuch a Monflerof Confpiracy as this , wherein the King with the Queen, the Parents with their whole Iffue, all the States of the Kingdom, the whole Kingdom it felf, and Init innumerable Innocents (hould all be deifiintd to one De- ftrudion in one moment, for a Sacrifice t® the lull of a few enraged Minds. But 24 Wflory of the Toxoder-Tlot. Bat it was very well, that that Monfter, which they them- felves that beat the blame of it, do both by word and writing every where deteft, being fo long before conceived at home, (hould be ftrangled in the birth before ever it fee the light. A little while after , Ifaac Cafaubon when he went into "England, thinking of nothing lets than to be engaged in this bulinefs, upon occafion of another Apology fent to him, and by him delivered to the Kingof Great Britain, wrote an Elegant EpijUeto Pronto I)uc£us, in which he thewcth, that Garnet knew otherwife then under the Seal of Confeffion of the Powder Confpiracy, by his own Confeffion and Teftimony written with his own hand, and doth at large diicuts the Do- 6ftine of Equivocation, as enfnaring and pernicious, againft the Arguments of Eudaimon-Johannes. Againft which, not Vuc£HS, but Eudaimon-Johannes doth rail fufficiently. FINIS. DISCOURSE CONCERNING THE ORIGINAL POVVDER-PLOT = Together with a Relation of the CONSPIR A CI ES AGAINST Queen Elizabeth And the Perfecuticns of the PROTESTANTS In FRANCE To the death of Henry the Fourth. Colleiaed out of 'thuanus , Davila, Perejix, and feveral other Authors of the Roman Communion i As alfo Refleiaions upon Bellarmine's Notes of the Church, e^e. LONDON-, Printed for John Leigh at the Sign of the Blero-Bell by F/ying-hor/e-Court in Fleet-Jireet, 1674. TO THE READER. An Account of the Oecafion, Mattery Method and Manner of Writing of the Difcourfe annexed with %e Reafont of it. The Narration of the Gun-powder Treafon beiftgcomme»d(Jtt me, after I badlooi^dinto it, Iperfwa- did a friend to tranflate it into Englifhy a>bicb being done^ 1 gave it to the Book-fdler to printy and for a Preface to it mote the firjt Sed. of tbe Vifconrfey not intending any more than that: which was printedy hut not all tbe fheets wrought offy when having met with that notable paffage of Del Rio briefly cited in a Book^ lately printed, and perufing the Jame more at large in Vel Rio bimfelf, I thought it worthy of further confideration\ and therefore ordered the Printer not to worl^ off that Preface, but go on with the Tranflation of fhuanus, and the while wrote fo much of the en- fiting Difcourfe as concerns THE ORIGINAL OF THE POWDER-PLOT, that is to Sed. 24 j fthough the whole Difcourfe through want of timely notice to the. Printer bears that Title J > and that was all I then intended. But when I came to the eonclufion of that part, f began to perceive that COMBINA-* TION OF ROME AND SPAIN AGAINST ENGLAND, • which continued all the time of Queen Elizabeths Reign, and doth not a little confirm what had been faid in the former part of the Difcourfe : and though I thought that the former part of the Difcourfe did notfiand much in need of confirmation from this, yet I thought it very pertinent and ufeful to (hew that Combination in their various pradices againji that ^ueen, but as briefly as I could. This continues to Sed. 37* nor did I then intend more. But refleding upon the admirable Providence of God in prefer- ving that blejfed ^ueenfrom fo many and fo various attempts againji her, and in my turning over of Thuanus for the Story of the Combination having perceived fomething of the unhappy. A 2 iffue To the Reader. ijjue of her Neighbonn Perfe'cutiont wf jthe Profejfors of that Keformed Religion which Jhe happily eftablijhed and defended, I began to perceive fomething of that D I S T IN 6 U.I S H I N G PROV IDENCE, -nhich ii very Ohftrvahle and Remarkable in the ettfmngpart of the Vifcourfe to SeU. 6i. JVhenfore having curfcrily run over fame of the principal parts of tkat Stcry, and jatiified my felf that it would m'aks good what 1 ttndertook^, I thought it an wiworthy piece of lazineft or negligence not to add that part alfu. fo pertinent, fo remarkable and neccffary > but hoped to have done it more briefly than 1 found I well could, when 1 again fet my felf to the perujal of the Hijiory, Having finifhed this, I made fome Reflections upon the whole' and thereupon added the OBSERVATIONS., Inferences and the reft which make up'the laflpart and concluflon. And this was the Occafion, thfS the Master and Method of the Vifcourfe' Now for the Manner. of writing it j when I began I was wholly a jiranger to the Story, and to all or mofl of theBooky I have made ufeof ■, had never read two leaves in Thuanus, favepart of the Hijiory of the PoW' der-Plof, had never fecn Vavila', had only occafion ally, if. at all, lookfd into any other of the Bookj I have made nfe of. Befldes being mo(i of it written in the Countrey, and my own ftoc\ being but fhort, I could not have that ajjijlance from variety of Books which I deflred j and yet it pleafed God many things fell in my way beyond .my expeSation) and the Authors I have generally ttfed are fuch whofe Authority is beyond all exception, the incom- parable fhuanus, Vavila, Perefix, and others of the Roman Com- munion » for I have but rarely followed any Writers of the Re- formed Religion, and more rarely without the concurrent authority of others. But what is moft confidirable, thegreateji part being fent away in fingle Jheets by the Foji as it was written, I c.uld neither my felf have the pcrufal of the entire work^ together, nor have itperufed by my friends before it was printed, fhis I men- tion for my excufe of fuch miiUkcs as prjjibly may occur in it' For I did not dcfign to injure the Tfruth in any particular, nor have J to my knowlcdg done it in any thing material only Seel. I2. you will meet with Lovain in Flanders, which perhaps is in Bra- bamjtheugh by Flanders I then meant that part li(hcd,p.t3o.l.i9. the Guifes,p.i33.1.i7. dele ef,l. ult. drawn o/,p 134.1.15. impoilures, 1.9. n. Landrianus, p.136.1. id. an adfciti- tious, p. 138.1 33. incentors, p. 139.1.2. inftant ftooping, p.i4i.l.ij. that in places,p. 145.I.4. Evariftus.l. 5. Aquaviva,p. 147.1. 10. 15. Comtnolet, p. 148. 1.34. which yet the Pope contends is, p.i 54-1. 27. from da/Hgit,p.i5$.1.3 Aquaviva,p.i5d.l.8.*bic(> as,p.i58.I.i. parcyj touches, l.i8.confeil,p.i59.1.i4.p.ido. 1.8,14,19.p.i6i.l. 14 Ridicove, p. 161.I. I.Clement, 1.10. confelfion, I.37. barta, p. idi. 1. 25. Balth, p.i68.1. 17. terror, p. 171.1.7. in hand, 9.175- '4- asfomefay, decree and command of, p.t77.1.ii.Ki'e''<"<'"^'"» P« i8i.l.i$.all fincert Chriflians. Infert Pag. 16.1.11. — to conceive. Or rather being more particular fe- crets, and more worthy of obfervation, they are referved for private conference with his Majefty, as not fit to be committed to paper; as he faith, c. 17./«6 fin. Pag. 57.1. I— Spain, fo» three weeks before troubled with a per- pctual flux of blood through all the paflagcs of h}s body, fPerfifiK p.ids./aod atlaftjifnot--- . ' ' A Difcourfe concerning the Original of the Powder Plot. A Scii.i. A hthoughjeveral Relatiottt of this Confpiracy have been long lince written and publilhtd in Englilh, both by feveral writers of the Hiftory of thofe times and others who have inferted thefame amon^otherHilioricalRela- tions, as StoTP in his Annals, pag, 874. Speed in his Hiltory of Great Britain, /, 10./. 31. — The Appendix to the Book of Martyrs FulUr in his Church Hiftory, Biftiop CarletoH in his Hiftorical Colleftion of Deliverances,and of late by Mr.Fo»/rj in his Hiftory of Popilh Treafons,/ii. 10. cap.2. And Mo alone, as King James his Difcourfe of the manner of the Difcovery of the Powder Treafon, Printed in quarto, 160^, but without his name to it, and tince in his works 1616, pag.22^. and the Proceedings againft the late Traitors, Printed in quarto, i6q6. (whereof neither is more than what the title doth import, and the latter inlarged with long Speeches, which poifibly may feem tedious to the Reader, and it may be fome others i (yet becaufe many (as well for the rare and admi- table contrivance and difcovery of the Plot, as becaufe we are all obliged to the Annual Commemoration of it) may be de- firous to read fome Relation of it, who yet may not be willing to purchafe thofe larger works, and thofe Relations of it which have been Printed alone, being now long fince out of Print and therefore rarely to be met with; It was thought convenient to publifh this 'tranJJjtion out of Thuanus, rath-r than to reprint any of the other i and that/or thefe Reafons •, I.Becaufe it feems to be more compkate than moft or any one of the other Relations, which have yet been Printed in Englilh, a whe« 2 A Difcourfe concerning the whether alone or incidentally in larger works. 2. But efpe- daily, in relpedt of the Great Authority of the Author^ a per- fon, not only of great Quality and Place in his Country, Privy Counfellor to the King of France and Prefident of the Supreme Senate of that Kingdom, but of hpown and confejfed Candor Jm^artiaUty^Faithfxtlneft and Exaldnefs, at an Hijiorian^ And beingtme who lived and ciyed a Cdthhlich^ 'm the Com- munion of the Church of Kome-, his Authority hath in that • refpedf fome advantage above any of the other Relations, which have been written by any of the Reformed party : which of it felf may be fufficient to refute the Impudence and vanity of all fuch as would have had the world believe ^ This bloudy that it was the contrivance either of the * Puritans, (V.Speed ddign, found Se^, 48, IVilfons Hiftory of King James, pag- 32. Foulispag. th^mafefa^°^ or of Cec?/ the then Secretary,to draw thofe unhappy {tors,was not- Gentlemen -into it. ( V. Foulis, pag. 6p^. The Papifts Apol. withlianding anfwered 31 — 33. edit. i66-j.) the contrary whereof fathcr'd upon may eafily be perceived in the feties of this Relation. And in- the Puritans fitfi of thefe projedis was extinguifhed almoft with the burning of P'°G and the Other hath been long (ince fufficiently dif- upon the proved, and the plot it felf confeffed by fome, and defended, Chriftiansjby magnified, and gloried in by others of that party, and now, fome impp- fcarce denyed by any to have been of their own contrivance j fo- ningSefuits"--- not now be faid as to that particular,- though Which, fome following confiderations, if need were, might be made ufe yearsafter,! of in that refpetSf. had opportu- nity at Bruges in Flanders, to make u'efton, and old Jefuit, aftivc in the Powder plor,. dngenucufly to confefs, wiljon, ibid. 2, Ihis defgn of Blowing up the Prince and People to- gether,hath been commonly taken to have be.en the contrivance C)i Gate shy,indi of no ancienter than their defpair of foreign afliftince, upon their laft-negotiation WMh Spain. Of So-iiio Speed, {hat mind feems our Hiftorian here to hzvr. htm, pag. s«i3.33,37- And the truth is,'there is fcarce to be found in print any Frecee . E 4. afuj exprefs proof of other author and contriver or more ancient original of it, though pofiibly we may ere long ^e it further proved to have been d,efigncd in the Queens days Original of the Terrier Tlot. days againft her, but upon further confideration of her age, not likely, according to the courfe of nature, to live long, deferred till the coming in of King James. In the mean time it may beremembred what is often feen in Judicatories and "jtryals of Cattfes both Civil and Criminal, that thofe things and works of darknefs which are carried on and managed with fo much fecrecy and caution, that no direct proof an be made againft them, arc notwithftanding often dilcovered and brought to light by a heedful andNcircumfpcdl obfervation and comparing of circumfiances •. infomuch, that the evi» dcnce of the truth, which is by this means made out, is not feldoaa more fatisfadfory to all prefent, than the direct and exprefs proof and tefiimonies of witneffes, which many times prove falfe, even then when they feem to bemoft full and puniSual. And therefore to prove this contrivance pro- ceeded from other heads than Citcshy^s alone and vi3iS of longer (landing than hath been commonly thought, what is yet want- ing in dirctft proofs, rnay in fomemeafuie be made up by the confideration of the following Circumfiances. 5. And firft, itmaybe noted that though Cttahy he the fitjl of all theft Confpirators taken in this plot that did pro- pofe it to the reft, for ought appears by what was difcover'd at their examination and tryals, yet doth it not thence follow" but it might have been before propofed to him ( being the moft a<^ive of them ) by fame other: nor doth it any way appear that-it was of his own only deviling, as to omit other rea- fens is manifeft from their attempt who would have fathered it upon Cecil, as a trick to enfhare thofe gentlemen i for other- wife there would have been no ground or colour for that pretenfe. 4. It may 2."b'e remembred that this was not the firfl time that this means, by up by Gunpvoder, hath been pro- pofei by confederates pf that party for the deftrudfion and murther of our Princes. For it had been long before propo- fed by one Moody to be laid upder Queen Elizabeth's bed and fecredy fired. ( Camden, Anno 1587. principio.) So that this may feem to have been but a further improvement of a for- mer project. a 2 5. Cut m" < If ■, f- "ili' m}V !. Fit |;;rr •Fi' 't: F A't if* i '' hj: ■'Mii.'S I ' ^ A Difcoyrfe coMcernirfg the 5. Baf 3. to come nearer to this prcfent bufinefs, There is a yjjfage of the JeJuite Del Rio, 6. Vifquif Magic, cap. i« edit. Lovan. I doo. which,with the concurrence of other circumftan- ces, inikes it very fafpitiou5 that he was privy to theContii- vance, if not the Author of iti and which though publiftied in Print fome years before the difcovery of this plot, hath fcarce been taken notice of, as to this purpofc, till of late. And this it is, 154. SeC}.2.'fhis Sc&hn, faith he.7 add by reafoH of thtfimplieity of fome Confeffors, and the rafhmfs and malice of fome Judget, & c. Then he hrtt gives us this note, that the Seal of Confe^on hath the fame force in all crimes even the mofl cmrmeHs ■, as in the crime of T'reafon, and then mikes a iliflintSion between of- fences committed, and offences to be committed, and as to oflfences committed, he fays it it the opinion of fomCi tnobicb feems to he the common opinion of the Canonljls, that the prieji may reveal the offence already committed., rvhich he hath learn d, not in the Sacrament of Fenance, hut reithout it,under a promife of fecrecy, and of the feal of C onfeffion'■> yea that be ought tore- veal it before the Jndge if he be produced for a mtnefs. fhk i'>'g*^55' opinion, faith he, if rejeSed by others —-•'hut I thinks both pre~ hable, but the latter more fafe. Then, of to offences to be com- mitted, when a perfon will not abjiain or amend himfelf but re- folves to accornplijh the crime, there hath been fome Jurijis, faith he, that have thought , that they may be revealed by the Confeffor. Tfhis is a dangerous opinion, and withdraws men from Confefion i and therefore he concludes that, the common con- trary opinion is altogether to be followed, That it is not lawful to deteH, not even freafon againft the fate. In order to a further proof of this Conclufion, he tells us what limitations they of this opinion do put upon it, this among the reft, If the pe- - nitent have partners accomplices, and he indeed is penitent and promifes amendment, but he difcovers that yet there is danger fill, leji while he deftfts,the mifchief be committed by his accornplicesiFor then they thin^thati to prevent the future damage, the Prieji may reveal the cffmce which is to be committed, although the pe- nitent confent not. And, as to this limitation, he. fays itdc- pends 1. d OYiginal of the Totpder Plot. ^ pends upon this Qiienion, Whether a Pricfi may ataftytlm thjI^ ufe of the difcovery, nhich he hath made from C(infej[Jionfo ttiHch as for government and the averting ef imminent evils^ which he illuftratcs with this Inftance , A MilefaUor [^Milericus^ canfejles that hhnfelf or fome other hath put Poxvder or fomething tlfe nnder fuch an entry ( or groundfel,) and except it he taken avpay the houfe trill he hurnt^ the Prince dejiroyed, and as many as go into or out of the City trill come to great mifchief or hazard j and then for feme realbns refolves tor the Negative, (con- trary to the common fcnfe and opinion of almoft all the DotSors, as he there acknowledgeth,) whereof this is one, viz. hecaufe Pope Clement viii. by his decree had command- ed the Superiors of the Regulars to be mod diligently cautious that they Jhould not makp ufe of that knotrledge of fins , which they bad by conftfion for exterior government: vrhicb Jhetvs faith he, that the Pope doth moji approve that opinion, trhieb trill have Confeffors fa to carry themfelves, as if they had heard nothing at all in confeffion. At length from this DotSrine he draws thefe Confequences. The i. to this purpofe, (f one Malcfatifor confefiing,among the circumflances of his fin, dif- cover his partner ( in it,) and the other alfoprefently comes ind confejfes , hut conceals that fin wherein be was partner with the other, the Confeffor may not ufe this knowledge to exsHnine him concerning that fin ( which his pfartner hath confelTed,) The 2. is. That a Priefl may not, no, not for fear of death threatned him, reveal this crime to any one; and that in that cafe he may fay that he k»ows not, nor hath heard any thing, of fuch fin i hecaufe in truth he doth not kpiow, nor hath heard it, as ^he is) a man, or as a member of the Common-, wealth, ( but as a Priefl.) Tea, he might fay that he hath not heard it in Confcjfion, or that the accufed perfon hath not cenfejfed this to him, if be do but the while thinks in his mind, ( viz. fo,that 1 may reveal it '■>) and all thefe he may confirm upon Oath. Nor may the Prieji he compelled to re- veal it by any one, no not by the Pope, much lejs by any other. This paffage hath fo many fufpicious circumfiances both in it and concurring with it, as all together may be equivalent ta a full and dircft proof of what is faid, that Vet Rio was privy 'A Difcourfe concmimg the privy to the coniivuance of thi? horrible Powder Plot, if not hirafelf the Contriver of it, 6. For I. if we confider the ISTatKre /wjfijHce, nothing could have been better ftted to cxprefs thU plot of blowing up the Prince and People together i more agreeing in all parti- cularsr by burping a houfe, not firing a City i deftroyiug Ptin.ce ard People, King and Parliament, not the Prince a- fone, or alfo-with bis family and houlhold only j by pow- der , not by poifoh , affafination, or open rebellion > by laying it under a houfe, not under a bed as Moody propofcd : and all this in fo unufual and extraordinary a cafe, when inftances enow and mifchievous enough might have been given of more ordinary an4 ufuaf defigns, and when he had other Dodors who write concerning the fame queftion under his confideration, who muft needs have put other inftances into his mind, had not this been ftudkd by him, and here made ufeof upon defi|n. If any of thofe DotSors whom he there cites give any fuch inftance , he may reafonably be abfolved from all fufpicioa which otfierwife will lie very heavy npon him. But it may be thought that perhaps he did this in conformity to the fttb'jeil which he handles, Magic}{} and therefore makes his inftance of a Jf^itch or Magithn, and of Towders , and placed under a groundfel or entry. But firft, were there not many other infances of notorious- wickedneffes ifiqre ufual or freqpentjy dgne or reported todc done by. fuch Artifts?*And, fecdndly, was ever any fuch thing done or pretended or reported to have been done by Art Magick ? We may therefore reafonably fufpedi that this inftance was not devifcd meerly for confottnity to hisfiibjediof Magick i but rather prbpqfed under that'notion and thofe terms for a blind a little to difguife- and hide the defign from fuch, as having no thoughts of fuch enterprifes, might eafily be di- verted from any fupition of it, while yet it might be plain enough to fuch minds, as were fufEciently difpofed to praiftife , fuch projedls. 7. And 2. if we conftder the Cafe-, wherein this Injiance is given, viz. Of.Concealing Confeflions v his Jiefolutionoi it, and that contrary fo the common fenfe and opinion of alcnoft all Original of the Fowder Plot: ' 7 all the Dodors, as he conftffeth i And lafily his Confirma- iion of his refolution by the Authority of the then prefent Pope, and dir£(3:ing the pradicc of it by equivocation, this may direct us toliis End and Vefign in divulging both this Iji- llance, and in this yery cafe, his Dodfrine and Refolution, a, that confirmed by the Popes Authority,for concealing Con- fe/Iions, viz. By theone to infmuate and'intimate the Con- trivance i and by the other to encourage and promote the PracSife and Execution of it, by confirming the Confcflbrs in Concealing Confeffions, and encouraging the others to the more fecurity of not being difcovered.. To which end and purpofe alio was probably the T^reatife of Equivocation V. Foulis, psi which was found in fnfljomt lodging, then very Teafonably 7°-^- written and defigned , which was feen and allowed by Gar' art, C v. Proceedings Z. ) And this with Pe/ Rio fo mutu- ally confpiring in a tendency and fubferviency to the fame end, do confirm the conjecture of the dcfign of both. And it feems ve'ty confonant to the fubtile praliijir of the JefuiteSy rather in this fly, fecret manner, underhand to inlinuate this project, than direCtly and exprefly to have propofed it; fo that it had been no great wonder if it had been longer, be- fore it had been apprehended and put in exccutioti -, and/it is not improbable thu .Garnet y who had been ingaged in P. Foulis, pag former Confpiracies and held corrcfpondence in Flanders, ^95) ft might long before have knowledge of it, though he would feem to have received his firft knowledge of it, by Crefml from Cateshy. 8. Again 3. if with the form and compofure of this in- fiance , we (hall compare the myjieriouf and enigmatical form and compofure of fome other things rilating to this confpiracy, which are now plain enough to be underftood, the plain explication of thofe will teach us how to unriddle the my- fiery of this, and diredf us how to expound it. Such was that form of fraytr, which was taught lo fome of their party, fome time before the intended exeqntion of this Plot, for tKe profperity of their Labours and do^ynfal of Herelie, ia thtfe roords, alluding to the working in the Mine and blowing up of the Houfe: Frofper, Lord, their pains that ktbour in thy cauje . 8 A Difcourfe conctrning the day and Might: Let Herefie vanip liks fmoak,: Let the tfitmory of it perip with a crack,, ruine and fail of a bra- kenhoufe, ( Foulis, pag. dp8.) And that very Letter which was the occafion of the happy difcovery and prevention of that horrible defign , in thefe words : Lhough there be no ap- pearance of any fiir, yet, I fay, they pall receive a terrible blow thU Parliament, and yet they pall not fee who hurts them, fhis Couyfel is not to be contemned, becaufe it may do you good, and can do you no harms for the danger ispajl as foon as you have burn d this Letter. To thefe may be ad- ded that rumour calf abroad of another Petition vihach (hould be in no danger of being denied, here mentioned by fhttanus, pag. I. And though in its firft conception , this project was doubtlefs known but to few, yet when once refolved on, as the time of its execution drew neater, the more frequent were thefe and fuch like Indications and Symptoms of it. So Parfons Redfor of the Engliih Colledge at Kome, orders the Students to Pray for the Intention cf their Father ReHor s the meaning whereof when the difcovery of the Plot had un- riddled to them, the horridnefs of it made divers of them defert the Colledge. f Foulis, pag. 6p2.) So the Jefuites at Lisbon a little before this exploit (hould have been a^ed in Fjtgland, are at fome expcnfe of Powder, on a Fefti- val day, to experiment the force of it v ( Foulis, page ) And other Inftances of this nature may be ob- fervcd. p. Here 4. 7'he fime when this notable Infiance was pub- liped, (hough fo long before the difcovery of the Plot, may be very confiderable, and perhaps afford us greater evidence, than if it had not been publifhed till fome years after it was. * Reviewof A time when the Pope and his fworn lervants the Jefuites the Counc. of ^s fludious in their Machimations & Contrivances, and Tjent.l.$.c.'i. exploits, aswellagainft all of the Reformed Religion in general, as the Queen and State of England in . particular, as ever. And i. for this Pope (Clem. viii. who was eledfed ,30. Jan. i$92, and died 2 Mar. 160^.) It was contemporary with the holy league inftituted by him againfl: the Proteftants, wherein alraofl all Popifh Princes, except the Original of the Potrder Plot. 9 t-b€ King of France and the Great Duke of T'ufcany were in- gaged, as we are told by Fr. Brouard the Popes Secretary, for the promotion whereof he much indeavoured a Peace be- tween the Emperour and the Tutk, and often complained that the n>ar had been continued full forty years againji the Turk, in rehich time the Church of Rome might with lefs cojl have recovtred her Authority in Europe# 2. Contemporary with his Bulls ( Camhden 1^00 pag. jSp. J to encourage and promote the Irifla Rebellion. (V.Foulis^ lib. 9. cap. 3.J 3. Contemporary with thofe Bulls, the one to the Catholick Nobility, Gentry sind Laity, the other to the Arch-prieft and the reft of the Englifti Clergy, Not to admit or receive ■, after Speed, fe£t. 4. the death of ^ueen Elizabeth , when ever Jhe Jhould happen to depart this life, any for King, how near foever in blood, ex- cept they were fuch who fhould not only tolerate the Catholic]{_ Faith , hut withal endeavour and ftudy to promote it, and, after the manner of their ance^ors , undertake upon Oath to per- form it. C Proceedings Qi 3.) And thefe are the Bulls which have been long fince deemed the foundation of this Confpiracy ( Tfortura forti, pag. 27^. Foulis, pag. 69^.) And this is the Pope who had tormerly []/c. * i5?7l exhorted *Note, the the French and Spaniard to unite, invade England and di- vide it between them. ( Foul.pag. ^77. ex VOffat. Let. 87.^ h'omspii^o who had he lived but fome few moneths longer, might Kome, Vont.pag. have been as ready with his Breves to fccond the fuccefs^85. of this Confpiracy as was his Succeftbr Paul V. with * his. * 5. Nor were they only the heads of the Pope and Grandees cap'l.p.\rll at Rome and other places, who were bufie and adlive at that Vo'ul.p.6^z. time in contriving projeds and confpiracies for the fubverfion and ruine ofour Government and Religion, but of perfons alfo of meaner quality , and they not only the Popifh Incen- diaries of our own Nation , but forreiners alfo of the Romifh Fadion. Thus we may obferve CampantUa's book deMo- ~ narchia Hifpanica exadly contemporary with this of Vel Rio, as the Preface to the Englifti Edition doth demon- ft;ate,wz. hat it was written between the years i5pp & 1600. In this book he ftiews in part, what Preparations may be made before band; that fofomat ever .Queen Elizabeth ( who is now b very no A Difcourfe concerning the t'cry old ) is dead, they may be immediately put into Execu* tioM. Thefe, faith he, and the lik^ Preparations may be made,&c. But what are rfef/e i" Why, in general i. Caufing ' Divifions and Diflentions among themfelvcs, and continu- * ally keeping up the fame. 2. Sowing the feeds of a conti- * nual war betwixt England and Scotland. 3. Rouzing up * and encouraging to adiion the Spirits of the Englilh Catho- 'licks. 4. Dealing with the chief of the Iriflt Nobility, to ' new model Ireland ^ as foon as they hear of the Queen's death. For the accomplilhing of all which he hath levcral fubiervient means. Chap. 2$. But for the likf what they may be, is left to the Readers judgement to conceive. Only it may be noted that he who would not fctuple to caufe and keep up Diflentions, to fow the feeds of a continual war, to excite Rebellions among us, would hardly have fcrupkd at fuch a projeft, as by one blow would have put us quite out of our pain. It would be too long to note all the Projedis of private men to this purpofe, which were on foot at that time: but this of Campanella for the promotion of the In- tereft and defigns of the King of Spain is the more pertinent and obfervable, becaufe our confpirators had their Negotiati- ons with him, their Leger there, and built their greateft hopes upon his alEftance at the fame time. 10. But there is an other particularj as to this circumftanct •f Time, very confiderable, which is intimated to us in thole words of Campanella. For as we may eafily perceive many heads at work at this time, many projedls on foot contem- porary in the contrivance > fo do they all agree in the Time dtfigned for Execution. So Campanella's Preparations, Ja foon as ever ^een Elizabeth ir dead, are immediately to be put in Execution. So Pope Clements Bulls had refpetft to the fame time, ^andocunq't contingeret mijeram iUam faeminam ex bae vita cxcedere. ( proceed. 4. ) And the Reafon of all this is very apparent. For nova the King of Scots, as Campanella fag. 158. obferves , hovers, as it mere, at this time over England, fiot only ly reafon of his neighborhood to it, hut alfo becaufe of bis Kight of Succcfion. ——— And therefore the time norv dratvetb on, that after the death of thtfaid ^een Elizabeth, mho is mm vety Original of the Porvder Plot, I I ■very old, the Kingdom of England mUjl fall into the handt of their Antient and Continual Kivals, the Scots: a thing very grievous no doubt, both to Kome, Spain and Flanders i and therefore no wonder if all beat their brains to prevent fo great a mifchief. For whereas alone, notwithfland-Pirg. 158. ing in a manner continually at wars vcith their ancient and con- tinttal Rivals ^ appeared both againfl the Catbolick^ King in the PiTg. 155- Loiv-Countries, and againfl the ntof Chriftian King in France, ajjfjling the Hereticks both voith her Counfels and Forces, what will Great Britain ao, when not only theoccafionof thofe wars (hallceafe, but both Nations be united under one and the fame King ? No queftion but the forethoughts of this fet wiCcx heads on work than Catesbys, or any other of thofe un- happy Gentlemen, who ate vainly pretended to have been trapan'd by Cfci/i andfotnething no doubt was refolved up- on, the time drawing on, and the ^^en very old. And this might be the reafon of their long expetfiation, that change of State, would change Religion, alfo (Speed feB,^"].) And if we confider the Principles and pradiifes of thefe men, and what before had been attempted againft the late Queen, not only by open Hoftility, as becomes Kings and States where they have juft caufe, but alfo by bafe fecret confpiracies and treacheries againft her perfon, inftigated and fomented, as well by other Princes and by their Embalfadors, even whilft Legers here ( as RPendoza and Labefpineus,) as by the Pope, we can hardly think any thing fo bale or barbarous that they Were not like to attempt upon this occafiom And if we a- gain cohftder, how all their former endeavours, whether more juflifyable before men, as by open hoftility , or more bafe and unworthy, not only by promoting rebellions, but alfobypoifon 8c aftafinatjonjhad hitherto been ineffedlual and defeated, we may not unreafonably think that they might at laft arrive at fome fuch projeft as this, as their laft refuge and moft effei^ual and infallible means to accomplifti at laft their fo lortg ftudied defigns. And laftly that it really was fo, the pundtual obfervance both of Campanellds preparations, by iff- deavouring to alienate affeiSions and raife jealoufies between the Englijh and Scots, and other differences and diffentions b 2 ^ among 12 A mfoourfe conctrning the amonft us and fiirringup the fpirits of the Englifli Gatho- licks, e^c. which were ptaAifed immediately upon the Queens death and the Kings coming to the Crown of England ( and have ever fince been profecuted ) too long here to be related, aqd alfo of Pe/Rio's Inftance, and Dodlrine of Concealing Confeffions, and that by Equivocation even in examination upon Oath, fo well fitted to this purpofe,and as well and ex- aftly followed and profecuted, may reafonably ineline us to believe. This circumftance of the time dtfigned for the Ex- ccurion of this Plot is alfo vifible in Cateshy's Reafonings ( fee the Hift.pag. which he might well learn from the fame Tutors from whom he learnt the projetSof the Plot it felfi for if to take off K\n^ James alone, unlefsalfo the Prince, the Duke, and moreover the Peers and whole Parliament, •would not ferve their turn, much lefs would it have ferved, to have taken off Qi^een Elizabeth (now ready to die of her fclf) though with her Parliament, while the King, to- gether with the addition of another Nation to this, was ready to fucceed her. 11. And thus we fee the bufinefs is very plain as to the time fo long before rcfolved on in all their Councels both at R.ome and Spain. It now remains toconfider bow the attempt in point of "time did anfwer this refolution. The ^een de- ceafcd the 24 of March. 1602. the next day was King James proclaimed^ who came to Barwic\ 6. April, and to Land. 7. May following, Anno 160^. and was Crowned July after. T^he Parliament began ip. March following and continued till 7. July 160^. Then was prorogued till 7. feh. and then again till 'y.OUdb. idoy. and then at lafl till the fatal day 5. Novemb. following, when this unhappy Plot was happily difcovered: From whence we again run it counter to CfFxrvk.es Original, thus: ii.Becemb.idofy W2s the Mine begunh Cotifef.) t and in Miry preceding, did the Confpirators a^ually ea- ( =<■ Proceedings gage in the defign under an Oath of Secrecy. * The Lent before Cateshy imparted the defign to iT&owjj liflwrer, f and Cotifef!)'" September before that (which was Anno 1603.) to ( Proceedings ^ 5 which was before the Parliament began : and that be- X. i.} ing the time defigned , it is a very fair evidence to our pur- pofdj Original of the Powder Plot. 13 pofe, that find it, on foot at that very time, which was by all thofe Counccls fo longbtfore deligned : and before this we cannot reafonably think that it ihould have been impart- ed to many even of the moft trufiy of their patty , by the firft contrivers of it, who notwithftanding might long be- fore have refqlved upon it, and did all the while,fecretly and as behind the curtain, Heer and manage the motions of thofe who were to be imployed in it. But before we follow the trace further, if any one fliould here make this queflion H^hy they had not prepared their mine againji the firji fitting of the Parliament? though we might well content our felves with thisanfwer, thatitmay befufficient in all reafon tofatisfie us and them too, that we have this evidence, that the projcdt was then on foot, and that many accidents might unexpedt- edly intervene, which might though unknown to us, move them for fome time to defer their preparations, as,even after it was begun, "PhHanns tells us, that the work was often in- termitted and often repeated, and we find that by fuch an accident.as the Scotch Lords fitting at Percy's houfe, it was mntersCohkC for fome time deferred i yet to leave no fcriiple or pretence for it, we can tell them the true reafon, mz. that being a thing fo horrid and inhumane in it felf, and alfo ^ fcanda- * y. mnters lous to their Religion, it was thought fit that firfl more Confef. gentle means fliould be ufed, as a Treaty of Peace by the King of Spain, and Petition by the Fapifls at home, where- unto they were incouraged by fome great hopes they had con- ceived , but upon very uncertain grounds, of a Toleration. But when the King of , being well-pleafcd for his own part with the proceedings of the Treatie, fell off from his former promifes of afliflance , and their Petition was rejeded at home, they prefently conclude that a defperate difcafe mufl have a defperate remedy, and in order thereunto, Catesby V. wimrt hegiitj to broach the prejeSl, which againft this time had been Confef. kept fecret in Here, and imparts it to fome of his mofl trufiy confidents j who thereupon might probably think that it was of his contrivance, as others from thence have fince thought it to have been i and that the rather, becaufe in all their dealings preceding this, even to the fiift intimation of it by \ 14 J Difeourfe concerniftg the by Del Kio, nothing vifible did appear as to thofe confpirators in particular, but only Negotiations with Sfain and Flanders for forrein affiftances, and an invafion •, which wifer heads upon the confideration of the former ill fucceffes o£ fuch at- tempts could not think of it fclf fufficient i and therefore we may more reafonably believe that they who fecretly and un- derhand managed the bufinefs, fo ordered thefcNegotiations as well for a blind to conceal the main defign , as for a neccC- fary means tofecond it, when it had once taken effe^. But belides thelc Negotiations abroad, we find other matters at home in agitation, by perfons of the fame party, to wit the Jefuites in general. For JVatfon and Clark^^ two Priefts who were apprehended July l6o^. before the King was crowned, for another plot of a lower rate and more ordinary naf- ture, in their Confejfioiis upon their apprehenfion, affirmed * that there was fome treafon intended by the Jefuites, as ap- * peared to them, by their provifions of Money, Arms and * Ammunition, dilTwading the Catholicks from acceptance ' of the King at his firft coming, ( but withal ) mjhing them * net to ftirt but hfep thtmfelves where thefe Confpirators had Father Baldmn, a Jeluite, Leger, and others of their confederates, as Sir WiHiam Stanly and Omn, Refident i whither they had often recourfe, and from whence they expedcd their raoft prefent help after the blow fhould be given. So that it was not hard for them to meet with fome intimation among their frequent confultations about thefe matters there, in Flandert, of fome fuch notable and moft clFct^al projeft, not only by means of this book there pub- lifhed, but even from the Author himfelf, or the Apprd- batorsof it their correfpondents. And of Cattshy in parti- cular, upon whom this contrivance is father'd , that he held correfpondence there, is plain enough ; fo likewife of Garnett. who was afterward had in that efteem at Lovane, that it was once publickly prayed there, •- SanSa Henrice, Or a pro nobis (FohI.I. 10.c. lo.fubfin.) 13. Now if from the confideration of the book, we pro- ceed further to the confideration of the Attthor^we fhall find all circumftances ftill concur to the confirmation of the Con- jedure. i. One of the Society of the jefuitcs, into which he was admitted, Ann* j 580. and who about the time of pub- liflting. 16 A D'lfcourfe conctrning the lilliing fhis book became the Popes fworn Servant, qnatuor jam votis folcmnihut objlndttf , being obliged not only by thofe three vows, Common to all the Religious Orders, but moreover by that fourth peculiar to that Society, of fpecial obedience to the Pope. 2. Of that height of zeal againfl He- reticks,that at the very mention or lead remembrance of them in common difcoarfe,he would change colour and his ftomach rife againft them. 3. Before he cntred into the Society, he had been one of the chief Senate of Brabant, then Chanceller of BrabaHt,2xid had the management of the Kings Exchequer. (Phil. AUgamhe in Biblioth.) 4. And being firft -well quali- fied by thefe employments, and then fufficiently inftrudicd in the Jefuites Society, he at length became a Politician, and had his projedfs and devifesfor an Innovation to be made both in Church and State throughdut the whoh Romane Empire, which the Jefuites earneftly endeavoured to put in pradtifei the fumm whereof, as they are related from his own mouth by Freaky of thePratSice of the Jefuites, '■fag.'y^. were, * to raife fuch divifions and differences among ^ the Princes of the Empire, by working upon their contra- * jriety of opinions in matters of Religion, that they may * waft and weaken themfelves one againft another, that their * ftrength and power may be broken , or at leaft weakened, 'and become utterly unable to wlthftand a common foe, ' when he fhall come upon them. Where he fets down more prrticularly how differences may be raifed between fuch and ^ fuch particular Princes. Laftly, his Opinion and Judgment of this Gunpowder Plot, may in fome fort be underftood by * Delr' vind. cfteem of Garnet, whom h« * compared with S.Vionyfm Areop. cap. ^7. Areopagita. He died it Lovane ip. OUob. i<5o8. not full three pag. 104. years after the difcovery of this Plot. 14. If from the Author ot this Inftance we come to the * V. Tortur. yipiors of this Plot, and the Amborizers and Ahtitprs of it, we j"}uitas'con°' find all circumftances flill to agree very ^11. i. They [ulteres & Con- were all either of the fame Society with this Author , jefuites fentientis, & or their Jefuited Vifciples i fuch to whom the Jefuites were X. Abbot. An- Confeftors , and had the Condud of their Confciences fuch who were by them refolved in point of Confcience in all Original of the Powder Plot. things concerning this Plot i received the Sacrament upon their Oath of Secrefie from thems and by them were abfol- ved after the Plot defeated. Nor do we find any in Holr Orders, Cexcept the Popehimfelf) to have had any hand in it or particular knowledge of it, but fuch as were of this Society of thejefuites. ¥ot the Secular Priejif, though two of them, in purfuance of the Popes Bulls, immediately upon the coming in of the King, were ingaged in a Canfpi- racy of their own ( if not trapan'd by the Jefuites, V.Stovre & Fuller, Anno i(5o3. 14.) againft him, but of a lower and more ordinary natures and by the A. fefmnd iVus Greenml, who with Rib rt Winter WIS hy Garnet, Catesby and Trejham, Anno i6oi. fent into Spain, with Letters commendatory to F.Crefml, to Negotiate the then intended Spanifh Expedition; betides Gerrard, ini Hammond iad Hally befides * F.WcJlon who, * ^ heretofore Anno 1595. at Wisbich caftle, by his contention , fot a Superiority over the other Priefls as well as lefuites," began the differences which have fince continued between them i and in his book de friplici hominit Oficio, Printed Anno i5o2. foretold of many calamities, ftorms and dan- gers that were like to enfue upon the Queens death, ( as did alfo the Author of Ti&e Ward-mrd Printed ettLovans 159P. c laid 18 A Difcourfe conctrnittg the * Anfwer to fajd {q be Tarfsns) as was obfeivcd and noted * in Print th^ Supplica- {jgfQjp piof dctedled \ befides all thefe and many doubt, not yet difcovcred, the Superiourof the ' whole Order of Englilh Jefuites, even their Frovincial him- felf here in England, ¥• Hew- Garnet ^ who had been eighteen years here in England^ and a promoter of former confpiracies, and held correffondcnce with divers other of prime note and authority in forrein parti: as, ' with F. Crefwei in Spain, ' who being many years Vice-prtcfeCius Anglican£ Mijftonis, Sub-provincial and Leger there, did great matters, and by the Authority which he had with the two Philips 11 & 111. Kings of , obtain'd many things of them for the good of theCatholick caufe in England^ as we read in Alegambe, * About the and about a month or fix weeks * before this Plot fliould have time that been eflfcdfed, went from Villadolit to Rome, to be created a Cardinal, faith L.Owen, but more probably upon fome the Pope.other negotiation concerning this great bufinefs then in hand: ( L. 0. of the Engl, Col. in forrein parts, pag. 74. Lend. 1626. quar.) alio with F.Baldwin in the Low-countries, of like place and Authority there ever fince the year i5po. at which time Del K\o read Divinity at Doway , as he did after- ward at other places in thofe parts, as Leige and Lovane, who being fo famogs as he was in thofe parts, and fo great a 2eaIot againft hereticks , it is not to be doubted that he had frequent converfe with F. Baldwin and divers others of the Engiilh Fugitives of the better quality : L3ftly, and without any fuch engagement, he might be apt enough to A Diconrfe concerntHg to take the Invention upon himfelf •, not only out of Devotion to the Society, whofe reputation he might thereby the bet- ter fecure in cafe it fhould mifcarry> but even out of an Am- bition to be reputed the Author of fo Glorious an Enterpiifc. And that He fhould be intruded with fo Great a Secret, and the Chief vifible Management of it, rrther than any of the reft,was very likely, i. Becaufe he and his Family had been ad- dided and devoted to the Jefuits from their very firft coming into England i and were harbourers of Campiaa , who with his Comrade Farfcm (the two firli and principal who were defigned and employed for that Service ) came into England Anno 1580. where he was apprehended 22. July in the year next enluingi as we are informed hy Sanders'i. de Schifman Anglicano. From which time it is not unlikely that he held coirefpondence with E.Parfons, who foon after returned to Kotne^ and continued there Rcdfor of the Englifh Colledge, tillfome years after the difcovery of this plot, "^he wasftiame- ' fully turned out of Ko/wc by Mounfieur Bethunesth^ French ' EmbafTadour, and Order from the King of Fr but Catesby had another more fpecial qualification, as being more Cautious and Cunning, as we may obferve in Thuanus. 21. But becaufe fo plaufible a Pretenfe^for the Occafion of thefe defperate refolutions at that time, as the King of Spain's then deferting of the Confpirators upon his Treaty of Peace w'nhEnJand, may feem to have fome weight in it •, though it m.uft be noted, that this feemes rather to have been the Conjecft-ureof theHiftorians and others, than that any fuch thing was exprefly alledged by the Confpirators, for ought appears ia the Printed Confellions of Faa>kfs and Winter \ yet that we may leave no fcruple, and make it further ap- pear that we have not only the concurrence of all Circum- fiances to confirm our belief of the truth of what hath been faid, Original of the Powder Plot. faid, buf have alfo futficient matter and ground for AnHver to all ObjeAions, we (hall return fuch Anfwn r though touch'd before , as may both fufficiently folve thisdoubr, and be of fome u(e to orher purpofe. And therefore it muft be remembred, i. That all the neighbouring Popifli Princes, efpecially Fr^rwe, Spain., and the Archdukes of Atijiria, to- ward the latter end of the (Queens Reign, were not a little concerned upon Fear of what Confequence the Vnion of the three Kingdoms , (viz- of Scotland with England and Ireland) mi^t ^rove in time \ as is not only apparent in it felf, bat intimated to us by the Papifts themfelves in their Supplicati- on to King James before the difcovery of this plof, and thereupon bent all their Confultations, and ufed all Means to prevent or hinder it, as well after the Kings coming in, as before, and even by their EmbafTadours here, did not only tamper with fome of the Prime Minifters of State to corrupt them, but alfo pradfifed to raife llirs and Rcbelii- ons ; Of the French, Cambden tells us that the French Era- bafladour fludied to move Commotions, ne duo divifa Bri- tannia Regna, Anglia & Scotia , in unum coalefcerent v and others inform us of his tampering with fome of the Prime Statefmen here. And of Count Aremhergh, Embafladout Extraordinary for the Archdukes, we find him reported to have been an agent in the Treafon of Watfon and Clarli^, and not only fo, but that He and they were the Contrivers of it, and that He drew into it the Lord Cobham, and, by his means, his brother Brook., Parham, the Lord Grey of JFi//o«,and at length Raleigh alfo was brought in. 22. And 2. we muft take notice that there was certainty a deeper myjiery in the Counfels of Spain, than meerly an Invafion intended. For long before this, The King of Spain ( as Sir Fr. Bacon in his Report of the 'Treafonof Loper, well 'obfervesj having found by theEnterprifeof 88 the Dif- * ficulty of an Invafion of England, layed afide the Prolecution * of his Attempts againft this Realm by Open Forces, and by ' all means projedfed to trouble the waters here by Pradf ife, ' firft to move fome Innovation in then, he fullici- * ted a Subje^ within this Realm, f being a Perfon of d great 26 A Difcourfe conctrmng the 'great Nobility^ to rife in Arms, and Levy war againft her ' Majefiy. Perhaps he means the Earl of Varby^ whom Rir chdrdHeiht endeavoured to perfwade to affume the Title of ^5P3' King, deriving his Right from his great Grandmother Mary, daughter of Hen. vii. and made him large promifes of Aids and Money from the Spaniard, threatning him with fudden denrud:lon if he did not do it, and conceal thebuli- 3 5?4. ' nefs. Cambd. Ami} Laftly, either of himfelf, or his ' Counfellers and Minillers ufing his name, defcended to a ' courfe Againft all Honour, all Society and Humanity i Odi- ' ous to God and Man i Detefted by the Heathens them- 'feivesi to take away the life of her Majefty, by Violence or ' Poifon. A matter which might be proved to be, not only * againft all Chriftianity, and Religion, but againft Nature, ' The Law of Nations, The Honour of Arms, The Civil ' Law, The Rules of Morality and Policy i Finally, the moft ' Condemned, Barbarous and Ferine Ad that can be imagi- ned^&c. What then would he have faid, and what muft we think of this fo far tranfcendent Inhumane and Anti- chrifiian Powder Plot! But he goes on : * Certain it is, that ' even about this prefent time, there have been fuborned, and 'fent into this Realm, divers perfons, fome Englifli, Ibme ' Irifti, corrupted by Money, and Promifes i and Refolved 'and Conjured by Priefts in Confeffion, to have executed ' that moft wretched and horrible Fad. Of which number ' certain have been taken » and fome have fuifered , [ as Patrick Culien, an Irifh Fencer and afterroard Ri. Williams and Edmond York, for tvbofe enconragement and revrardan Ajjignation of forty thoufand Crorvns, under the hand of Ste- phano Ibarra, the Kings Secretary at Bruxels rpof depaftted srithHok a Jefuit^ veho kifjtng the Confecrated Hoflftvore that the money jhould he paid as foon as the murther tvas com- mitted, and engaged them tm by Oath upon the Holy Sacra' went to perform it. Camd. Anno 15945 3 595*3 ^"d fome ' are fpared, becaufe they have with great forrow confelfed ' thefe attempts, and dcteded their fubornersj \_there were, alfo deftgned at the fame time for this purpofe, as the others itsktis /.7.f.7. confejfed, one Tipping, Edmund Garret an Enfign, mth a Wallon, Original of the Towder Plot. Wallon, and a Burgundian , and om Young, and perhaps '■fame of them might be tak^H andfpared."] But fays Sir Fran- 'cis. Among the number of thefe execrable undertakers, ' there was none fo much built and relyed upon, by the ' Great Ones of the other bde, as was the Phyfician Lopez; And then he proceeds in the particular relation, how one Manuel Andrada, who had revolted from his own King of Portugal Von Antonio to the King of Spain, having belbre won Dodor Lopez fworn Phyfician of her Majefties Boufe- hold to the King of Spaint fervice, coming frefldy out of Spain, treated with Lopez touching the empoyfoning of the Qu^een, which he undertook for fifty thoufand Crowns, but flaying the execution, till by Letters from Spain he (hould have Affurance of the payment of the Money, thofe Letters, the one from the Count de Fuentes and the other from the Se- cretary Juara, which were delivered to the mcffenger by the Count's own hand , being happily intercepted, the Pra(3ife was difcovered , and the Great Service, whereof jhould arife a Vniverfal Benefit to the whole world,as the Letters expreffed it, very opportunely difappointed, and Lopez with Em. Louyt and Ferrer a de Gams, whereof the one managed the bu> finefs abroad, and the other refided here to give correfpon- dence, were apprehended and arraigned i who upon thefe Letters and their own confelGon being found guilty, were con- demned, and about three months after executed at 'fibHrne,as Camden tells us. The like pradlife we find again fome few years after repeated \n Spain, whence by Tf^alpok the Jefuit, fome time Retfior or at leaft of great authority at Villadolit where, as I take it, the Spanilh Court was at that time kept, Edw. Squire was fent over to poyfon the Queen, under pretenfe of redeeming Spanilh Captives, being by that Jefuit encouraged upon the (core of merit, with promifcs of Eternal Salvation, and his blefling. Camb. Ann. I'ypS. out the fame Providence ftill preferved her. 23. And to thefe pitiful and bafe unworthy Arts, did the Grave Spanilh Counfels and high vaunts at lad defcend i and this was a fair Introdudfion to the Contrivance of this Malter-piece and laft refuge of the Powder-plot, which, d 2 trom 28 ^ Difcourfe concerning the from whaf hath been faid before, we have great rcifon fo believe did flaortly after fucceed. Now if thefe things be confidered, and therewith the State and Condition of E»g- land ind Spain at that time, which we may find well com- pared to our hand by Sir Francit Bacon in his confiderations touching a war with Spain, it muff needs be a very weak and chi'difli thing for any man to imagine that Spain fhould have been fo'inconfiderate as to have had any thought of Invading England it thit time, notwithffanding any combination of whatfbever party ready to receive him here, of Papifls and difcontented perfons, ( whereof he had made greater pre- parations againft the Northern Rebellion and 88.) did he not build upon forae fuch mytfery of the Powder Plot. And in- deed, if we well examine the Preparations then made or defigned both abroad and at home, we (hall find them rather proportionable to fecond fome fuch feat as this, when the King and the Nobility and a great part of the Gentry were dc- flroyed, and the whole Kingdom under fo great a confierna- tion and confufion as muft thereupon unavoidably have en- fued, than otherwife fo have atchieved any conqueft of this Nation. And if this was fo that all did depend upon fbme fuch fccret machination, it was very agreeable to the Counfcls and PratS^ifes of the Spaniards^ (who,as Sir Fr. Bacon obfcives, are great Waiters upon Time, and ground their Plots deep) * As they had, !• By thefe means, fo * hold up the minds of the Papifls, before done in and keep them in continual readinefs till the Qi^eens death, order to the gj which time all the Popifh Confultations, for fundry by^rVmours before, aimed, as hath been fufficiently manifefted and Printed' and then af ter her death to enter into and go on with a Trea- Books. fy of Peace ( as they did in 88. tilj the noife of the C^r««o« gave notice of the Invafion, and as Von Jo. of Auftria had before done J and by that means provide for themfelves, in cafe the other prnjedl failed > and in the mean time under- hand to infinuate that contrivance, to them who were apt enough of themfelves to put it in executions but yet inap- pearancefoto defert them, as if it fhould bedifcovered,they might not appear to have been in the leafl privy to it. In the tnonth of Sept. t came the Spanifh Embafrador,and in the fame moneth Original of the Vowder Plot, 29 moneth was * Percy hy Catesby acquainted with the Plot. * Proceed.R.i. If was rutnour'd,as our hihorians tell us,that the King of Spain ^ wasafomen'er of the Plot j but for his Minilkrs,they could not be unacquainted with our Author Del Rio,a famous Jefuite cooptatus who had once been inHonourable Civil employments under eft. Sedprobi- that King, a member of the Supreme Senate of Brabant.^ tau&doCtrina Judge of the Marfhals Court, Advocate of the Kings chequer,Chancellor of Brabant^ and Counfellor of State, and Paiathii &•' afterwards entred into the Society at Pinira in Spain^ and if mxliubtupn they were otherwife ignorant of it, might from him have e #r«e Principles, from which all have proceeded , and what ufe and benefit we may make of the whole difcourfe : and in this tefped it matters not much who were contrivers of that Powder Plot, iincc Mart. Ant.Dcl' rio Conftliario Reiio. 30 1558. i5^^« fiiif- Catena invitaFii v. i5(5p. Ihuanus t.i,6. Sanders 7. de vifib. Monarch. 3. Ve Schij' mate Angl. A Difcourfe concerning the fince it is out of queftlon that it proceeded from the fame principles with the reft. 25. Pauluf IV. who was Pope when Queen EHssahetb began her Reign, not living out a year after, did not at all moleft her. Nor did his Succeflbr Pius iv. whether being diverted by other bufinefs of nearer concern at home, in the Intrigues of thcCouncel of jfrm, or by the means of Per- dinqnd the Emperor then in hopes to marry his fon to her i iiiut Pins Y» who fucceeded him, was no foonet fettled in that Sfe', but he began to pradlife to unfettle her from her Thrones and to that end Cas we are informed by Catena who was Secretary to his Nephew , Cardinal Alexandrinoy and wrote his life ) he imployed one Robert Bidolph, a Gentleman of Florence, refiding here under pretenfe of Mer- chandife, to engage a party againft the Queen j which he (b efte(fi:ually did, not only among the Papifts , but Proteftants aifo, that the Vuk^ of Norfolk^ was drawn into the Confpiracy^ by promife of marriage with the Queen of Scots ; and in the mean time he perfwaded the Spaniard to aflift the Confpi- rators s and at laft to promote the bufinefs, fent over Dot^or ' Nic. Morton to certain of the principal Englifh Papifts, to ' denounce the Queen an Heretick, and therefore fain from ' ' all Power and Dominion, and by them to be accounted as a Heathen and a Publican, and they difobliged from her Laws and commands. Hereupon , ( Chapinus ViteVius being firft come over, uiider pretenfe of compofing differences about Trade, to obferve the fuccefs of the enfuing Rebellion, and to head the Spainards forces which were to be fent out of the ^ew-Countries j .the Rixls o[ Northnmberland 3ind Wejimer- land with doo. Hbrfe and 4000. foot, rife in aUual Re- beilion, and Declare for the Reftitution of the Roman Reli- Vgioni but the reft of the Catholicks, fays Sanders ^ ht- ' caufe Sentence of Excommunication by the Pope was 'not publickly Denounced againft the Qyeen, nor did ' th^ ftern abfolved from her Obedience, not joyning ' with them, they were ealily by the Queens forces chafed * into Scotland j where afterward Northumberland was takpn, 'and brought back into England^ and at Tor/;., byaOlori- ' ous Original of the Potrder Plot: 3X 'uus Martyrdom, fays he, happily ended his days. And in this Rebellion, for the King of S^ain, bcfides Vitelliuj and La Mot the Governour of Vunkfrl^, who came over in a common Sailers habit to found our Havens, the Duke of Bai;fl«Obfeiv. Alva his Lieutenant in the Lotv-CoMtitries, and DonGiterres d'EJpeet his Lieger Ambaffadour here, were difcovered to be the Chief Infttuments and Pradfifers. This Begin- Camd, Anno ning was immediately feconded by Leoward Drfcre/, but with ^5^9- like fuccefs. 26. But the Duke o( Norfol}^, and Bidolph, and others being a little before the Infurredtion fecured upon fome fufpi- tions, and fo prevented from appearing in the Rebellion, the bottom of the bufinefs was flill undifcovcred , they not long after releafed, and the Confpiracy ftil! carried on. And the Pope, to prevent that failure for the future, which had been committed the year before, and to give mote fatif- fadion and encouragement to all good Catholicks to joyn in Rebellion againfi the Queen, in the entrance of the he?t year, fends out his Sentence of Anathema againft l^r. Wherein he firft fets out his own Title and Authority, in sindm z Vt thefe words; He that reigneth on High , to rohom is given all Schif. AngL Fomr in Heaven and Earthy hath committed the One^ Holy^ 3^8. Catholick, andApoftoHcliChurch i out of which there U no Sal' vatian^.to One Alone on Earth, to "wit, <0 the Prince of the Apojiles, Peter, and toPetcts Succefor, the Bifhop 0)^ Rome, to be governed in Plenitude of Power, &c. Next he acquaints us with his own great care and endeavours for the difcharge of this great trufti then draws ^p a particular chargPof fe- vcral crimes and mifdemeanors aga'wtt''Elizabeth pietcnd^d Queen of England, whom he calls the Servant'pr^favc of wickednefs, Flagitiorum Strva. And thmfprel, f^'hh he, Supported with his Authority, who was pleafed to place Vs, though unable for fo great a burthen, in this Supreme Throne of Ju^ice, out of the Plenitude of Our-Aphjiolical Power, We do Declare the aforefaid Elizibeih f being a Herettch^and Fa- vourer of Heretickr, and he* Adherents in the matters afore- Jaid, to have incurred the Sentence of ArrsciKecnii, and toSe cutoff from the unity of Chrifs Body j and Her to be Deprived of I iH uV! ^ * li <■ >v H y ■ • i- .f:t 'Oi.', , ''V 32 1570. Catena. 1571. fir -(4 Dicourfe concertiitig tTe of her pretended Right to the Kingdom aforefaid, and of AH T)o' minion^ Dignity and Priviledge rvhatfoever'■> and alfo the No' bles , SnhfcEls and People of the faid Kingdoms and All others rvho have in any fort Strom unto her ^ to be for ever Ahfolved from the fame Oath, and from All manner of Duty of Do- minion, Fidelity, and Obedience i As wc do by Authority of ihefe prefents Ahfolve "Them , and Deprive the fame Elizabeth of her pretended Right to the Kingdom 5 and of all other things abovefaid. And rve Command and InterdiEl All and Every the Noblemen, SubjeHs, People and others aforefaid, that they Prefume not to Obey Her, or her Monitions, Mandates and Larts. Ihofe rrho Jhall do othermfe rre Jnnodate in the lik^ Sen- tence of Anathema. This was Cent over, and toward the end of May affixed upon the Bifhop of London s Palace Gates i and Copies of it to be difpeifed through out England, fent to Bidolpb'i who, having by the Popes Order diflribu- ted 150000. Crowns (Aurea) among the Confederates, and all things here being again made ready againft the Qjeen , is fent to acquaint the Pope with their preparations ■, wtiich he approving prefently fends him to the King of Spain-, promiflng that, if need be, himfelf will go to their Affiftance, and will pawn All the Goods of the Apo- ftolick See, the Chalices, Crucifixes, and Sacred Veflments. Hereupon the Spaniard prefently gives exprefs Command that Vitellius with an Army fhall Invade England ; and the Pope prepares his money in the Low-Countries. But it pleafed God that a meffenger coming over with Letters to the of Scots, the Spanifh Ambaffadour, and others, being intercepted, the whole bufincfs is difcovered, Norfolk^ and others committed, and all their Preparations and Hopes difappointed. Which, fays Catena , the Pope tool^^ fadly, and the Spaniard condoled, mho faid before Cardinal Alexandrine the Popes Nepheno, ( not long before fent to him f rom the Pope) that no Confpiracy voas ever more advifedly undertaken , nor rrith greater unanimity and conflancy concealed. Which in fo long time teas revealed by none of the confederates : and that the forces might eafily have been tranfported from the Low-Countries in the fpace of twenty four hours, which might 11 original cf the Powder Plot. might have fttpriftd the ^een and the City of London, re- jlored Religion, and fetled the Queen 0/Scots in her Throne : efpecialty^ when as Th. Stucley an Englijh fugitive had taken upon him at the fame time, with 3000. Spanijh Souldiers, to reduce all Ireland to the Obedience of Spain, and with one or two fcouting Ships, to fire the Englilh Navj-. The Duke of Norfol\yvis brought to hit Tryal the i5. of January following, and Condemnedi and the 2. of June alter be- headed. The Pope in the mean time, the firft of May, being called to his tryal and to give an account for thele things before a far other Supreme Throne of Juftice, than what he pretended himfclf here placed in. 27. Before we leave this Pope Pm v. we may take notice cf two notable horrid exploits, about his time pradifed in our neighbour Countries-, The firfi in Scotland, the murther of the Lord Darby,King his father, in the rirli year of his Pa- pacy, and the houfe wherein he was murthered at the fame time blown up with Gun-powder i in relation to which Thuanus tells us; Ad hxc Pontificis, &, ut pajjim ja&aba- tur, Carols Lotaringi Cardinalis Literis incitabantun nam cum per eum a Pontifice petHjfent pecuniam ad injiaurandam ma- jorum religionem , refponfum fuerat, frujira ipfos con art, nifi fublatis Us, per quos Jiabat ne res exitum fortiretur. &c. lib. 40. ad finem Anni 1^66. The other in France, that bitha.TO\iS Majfacre at Paris, which though not executed fiil near two moneths after this Popes death, yet it is obfervable that Cicarella notes in his life : AdRegem GaViarum, ejufque Minijlros optima mifit document a , ad eofdem Hereticns Regno illo exturbandos: and what thcfe documenta were, we may the better guefs, if we take notice of the temper and em- ployments of this man; a molt fevere, auftere man , who had with fo much rigor exercifed the bufinefs of the Inqui- firion wherein he was imployed, as made many dread his feverity when he was chofen Pope. And the fame Auchour notes his irreconciliabile in Hereticos odium, though he looks upon it as matter of Commendation. But how exceeding mad he was againjithem, condemning and burning, even lur familiarity with Setflarics or thofe that were fufpcded fuch. 34 A Difcourfe concerning the may be feen at large in the Noble Author de I'hoH- lih.^p.fr. And in both thefe exploits is obfervable, the Care that was taken to cart the Odium of the fatSt upon others. But to re- turn to our own ftory, , 28, After the death of this man, the thirteenth of the fame moneth was Grf^orj/ xni. chofen Pope. And although with their late dilappointment, their party alfo in 'England was much broken and difabled for the future, the chief heads being taken off, yet was it not long before this Pope was alfo engaged in the fame Combination. Which was firft begun betmen him and Von John of Auftria, bafe brother to '57°* the King of Spain, and by him about that time appointed Governout oi the Lorp-Countries. and in purfuance thereof, the Pope wrote to the King of Spain. But Don Johns Ex- ploits were prevented by his own death before ever he could g put thena in pradfice. Yet the like Confultations were foon Thu. lib. 6\ relumed by the Pope and the King himfelfi and now E«g- Qamd. hoc An. and Ireland both are to be invaded together, and Th.Stucley. whom the Pope had honoured with the Title ofMarquefs, Earl, Vifc.ount and Baron of feveral eminent places in Ireland , is to command the forces thither, the Pope providing men, and the Spainard money. But this rtorm was b'own over into Africa, where Stucley and part of his men were flain. However the next year is fent into Ireland, from Spain, James Fitz-Morice with fome Companies of Souldicrs, and with them from the Pope Nic. Sanders, our Author above mentioned, with Authority Legatine and a confecrated Banner: and to them the years ^^tet San Jofeph with feven hundred Italian and Spanilh Souldiers, and arms for live thoufand more to arm the Itilh, and fome ftore of money, thefe being but ^ the forerunners of a greater Power, which by treaty between the King of Spain and the pope Ihould have followed» and the Pope to animate the Irifii, fends them his Breve, with Apoflolical Benedi(3:ion, wherein reciting that he had of late years by his Letters ex- OfulUnan Hifl. horted them to the Recovery of their Liberty, and Defence of it Cathol. Hibern. the Hereticks &c.and that they might more cheerfully do ity had granted to all fuch as Jhould be any ways ajijiing therein, a Plenary 157P- T/jh, lib. 62. 1580. Thu. lib.']o. * Bacons Ob. fervations'. Original 'ofjfje Powder Plot. g 5 FUnary Pardon and Forjvenefs of All their Sins i he now grants to all fuch-, whom he alfo exhorts, requires and urges in the Lord to indeavour to help againji the JaU hereitck/ , the fame Plenary Indulgence and RemiJJion of their Sins , which thofe who fight againji the Tur}^ do obtain. And to this expe- dition the Pope promifed a Cruciat and 1000000• Aurea. But all thefe with their Irilh Confederates, the Earl of Defmond-, his brothers and their party,were very happily de- feated by the Queens forces, at the very inftant when divers (hips upon the Sea were bringing them more forces and a(iift- ancei and the Popes Legate, Sanders^ died miferably of hunger, and, as fome fay, mad upon the ill fuccefs of the Rebellion. ap. About this time the Seminaries began to fwarm j and becaufe the Bull of Pius v. had not yet fufficiently produced />. 371. its intended and cxp£(Sed effedi even with a great part of the Papifts thcmkhes, who feeing the neighbour Popilh Princes and Provinces , not to abftein from their ufual com- -«t? h , mercewith the Queen, continued jiill in their Obedience to ' her, and were ofiended at the Bull as a mifchievous fnare ^ - to them: therefore for their fatisfat^ion it is Decreed at Rome, ThuJiy.-j^, that the Bull doth always Oblige Elizabeth and the Hereticks' 580, but not the Catholicks rebus fcjiamibus^ but only then when they (hould be able publickly to put it in execution.' And that it might in due time be effetftually Executed, Mif- ftoHs are made into England to Prepare a Party to adhere to Bacon Obfery. the Spaniard at his coming to invade us. And the better to CoIIea.fe conceal and difguife the Pradice and make the Queen and her Councel the more fecure, it is Refelved not to have any Head ol the party here. But the Emifjaries coming dayly over in vzuous Difguijed Habits^ deal particularly, and fo more effctftually, with the people in their fecret ConfedS- ens, Abfolving them particularly in private from Obedience and Fidelity to the Queen, as the Bull of Pius v. had done camd />ai< in publick, but only in general; and feveralJy Engaging them in that fecret inanner, as hath been before mentiomd, fo as none could be privy to others engagements. And thefe e 2 Do- g6 f A Difcourfe the C2.nh.fln.An. DoSrwfjwcrc every whttc iHculcated : 'Tkr: ^rtHces Hot pro~ i58i.Tfc»./.74. felJing the Kontan Kelig .t, arc fallen frora their title and Koy- at Authority. 2. that Frhi.es Fxcommtfnicatt, are not to be Obeyed, but thrown cut of their Kingdamt ( and that it it a mervoriout tvork_to do it.) 3. that the Clergy are exemft from the JyirifdiliioH of Secular Princes, and are not bound by their Laws. 4. that the Pope of Rome hath the Chief and Full Power and Authority over All, throughout the whole world, even in Chil matters. 5 that the Magifrates of England are not Lawful Magijirates, end therefore not to be accounted Ma- gijirates at all. 6. that what ever, fince the Bull of Pius v. wa' puhlifhed ( which forae hold to hive been didtated by the Holy Gholt) hath by the §lueens Authority been aUed in Englard, h by the Law 0^ God and Man to be refuted alto- gether void and null. Thefe DofStrines thus Iccretly in- itilled into mens minds in private, were fcconded with fe- veral pernitious Books in print, againft the Queen,and Princes Excorrimun cate. And as well to deter the reft from Obe- tlier.ce , and move them to ExpetSation of Change, and Re- conciliation to the Church of Kome, as to encourage their Gamd.as.isSo own party, they not only by, but alfo by printed A 318. Books gave out, that the Pope and King of Spain had con- fpired to fubdue England and rake it for a prey. This is true, Golleft.of the Bacon, and witncfled by the Confellions of many, Churches. almofi all thePriefis, which were fent into this King- dom from that year 1581. to the year 1588. ^ at what time the Dcfign of the Pope and Spain was put in Execu- tion J had in thir InjiruHions, befides other parts of their Furftion, rodiPil and infinuate into the People thefe Par- ticularsIt wot impofible things fhould continue at this ftay 'i they fhould fee ere long a great change in this State y that the Pope and Catholick^Princes, were careful far the Englijh, if they wmld not he wanting to themfehes. Which are almoft the very words of Sanders mentioning the confiderations upon which thefe S-.minaries were at Hrit founded. But notwithlianding this, we are not to think that All the Priefts which were fent over , were acquainted with the Arcana and Secrets of the D.fign, but only the Supcriours and fome oE^tbc beft quali- Camh "A» l'l> 74- Bd(. Coileft. Original of ths, Vocoder Plot, qualified for the bufincfs, who managed and fleered the anions of the reft, according to their private Inftru<^iom. 30. Hereupon, fays Kijhton, who publiflied and inlarged Sanderi his book, fpeaking of thefe Millions, foon after en- fued a great change of minds, and wonderful encreafe of Religion. Which, that we may know it by its Fruits, pre- fcntly appeared in feveral defperate attempts and Rtfolutionr to KiU the Queen. Firft, by Somervil, who being taken and condemned with Hall a Prieft and others whom he confelfed, was three days after found ftranglcd in the prifon, for fear, probably, leaft he ftiould have difcovered others. Then, to pafs by the pratJfile of Bern. Mendoza the Spanifli Ambiffa- dour Lieger here with "ihrogmorton ^ and Martins book, by William Parry VoSor of Law, encouraged thereunto by Ben. Palmius a jefuite, Ragazoniut the Popes Nuncio in France, Cardinal Como, and the Pope himfelf, who (ends him his Benedi^ion, Plenary Indulgence and Remiifion of all his Sins, and alTureshim, that befides his Merit which he (hall have in Heaven, his Holinefs will (remain his debtor, to acknowledge his defert in the bcft manner he can : and after all this very much excited to it by Dr. Aliens Book, which, faith he, teacheth, that Princes Excommunicate for herefic are to be deprived of their Kingdoms and Lives. All which Parry confe&d, produced the Letter from the Pope written by Cardinal Como, and was executed in March 1581. and the Pope foon after, in April, was called to account in another world. Immediately betore this in fhuanus pre- cedes the relation ofthemurtherof the Prince of Aurang 10. Jul. by Bal. Gerard confirmed in his refolution by a Jefuite at Treves, promifing him if he dyed for it, he (hould be happy and be put in the number of Martyrs, and alfo encouraged to it by a Francifcan at Tourney, and three other Jefuites at Treves. 31. To Gregory fucceeded, as well in his prat^ifes, as in 1 that See, Sixtus v. chofen Pope the twenty fourth of the fame moneth of April, and about this time John Savage, into whofe head the Dodlrines that it is meritorious to Kill Ex- com- A DifcoHvfe concerning the communicated Princes, and Martyrdom to die for fb doing, being by the Giffords and Hodgtfon priefts throughly inculca- ted, nnade a vow to kill the Queen. And foon after the fame refolution is taken up Antony Babington ^ a proper young gentleman of a good family, upon the fame prind- pies in like manner inculcated, and fomewhat enforced with other hopes if he efcaped the danger, by Ballard a Jcfuite, who incited him to it, as not only Jitji and Holy in it felft but moreover Honourable and Profitable to him^ if he Jhould overcome the difficulty. For vohat could be more Juft and Holy, than veiih the hazard of his Life to vindicate his Coun- trey, and the Caufe of Keligion, voithout which Life it felf ought to be nothing efteemedof. Elizabeth now long fince-, by the Lawful Succejfor of Peter, cafi out of the Communion of the Church: from that time fhe doth not reign i« England, butt by a ufurped Power contrary to the Laws, exercife a cruel Ty- ranny againji the true Worjhippers of God. Whoever jhould kjU her, doth no more than he that (hould flay a profane Heathen or fome damned accurfed creature: he jhould be free from all fin either againii God or Man i yea would merit a Crown of Glory: and if he furvived the enterprifiy jhould doubtlefs obtain a great re- ward : under the notion of Reward not obfcurely infinuating his rharriage with the Queen of Scots. Thus is this Jefuites difcourfe with him reprefented by the Excellent 7huanus, who there informs us that this bufinefs was tranfa^ed with the Spanifh AmbalTadour Mendoza, and was to have been fcconded by a forrein Army, and Paget a gentleman of a -Noble family fent into Spain about it. And at laft all things being agreed on both at hotte and abroad , the day appointed for the perpetrating the bufinefs is S.Bartholomews day, me- morable for the Pariftan Mifficre fourteen years fince, and for that reafon purpofely made choice of. But before the day came, the bufinefs being detected, Ballard and BabingtoUt and feveral other of the Confpirators were apprehended, whereof fome had fworn to be the Executioners of the Queens murther, and among them Savage now again fwore it, and others were to be of the party, which the while was to refcue the Queen of Scots > and upon their own Con- feflions Original of the Torcder Vlot. 39 feffions and Letters intercepted, were Convided, Con- demned and Executed. And in this Confpiracy was a pro- je(3: of making an Affbciation under pretenfe of fear of the Puritans. Thefe were executed but the twentieth o{Septem- her and in January fqllpwing was the French Ambajladour VAubafpinaus, 'a man wholly devoted to the Guifian Faction, and Lieger here, projeding the fame bufinefsi and to that camb.w.ijS' purpofe treated with iVillUm Stafford, a Gentleman of a Noble Family, to kill the Queen, at firft more covertly, but afterward more openly by his Secretary, who promifed him great Honours, a huge fumm of Money, great Favour with the Pope, the Duke of Guife and all the Catholicks. Stafford refuted it himfelf, but commended to him one Moodyi and in Confultation how to doit. Moody propofes to lay a bag of Gunpowder under the Queens Bed-chamber, and fecretly give fire to it. But this being difcovered by Staf- ford^ the Secretary thinking to be gone into France was inter- ccpted, and upon his examination confelFed the whole matter. 32. Hitherto had the Adforsand Abettors of moftof thefe Confpiracies , to put the better Colour upon their unjuftifi- able attempts , beiides the Caufe of Religion, preterided alfo the Title of the ^een of Scots to the Crown of England^ Camb.;z».is8^ who having been difcovered to be privy to moftof ihc for- mer, and found guilty of that of Babington , was therefore condemned y and now this being found to have been defigned upon the fame pretenfe , Q^een Elizabethby great impor- tunity of the Parliament, who had confirmed the Sentence, was prevailed with to fign a Warrant for the Execution, whereupon ftie was beheaded the eighth of February follow- ing. And here we muft not omit a Notable Artifice of the Jefuites, who being at laft out of hope of Reftoring their Religion by Her or Her Son, began to fet up a feigned Title ^ . p for the King of Spi'm, and imployed one of their Society into England ( as is difcovered by Tafquier a French Writer) to draw off the Gentry from Her to the Spaniard, and to thrufi her headlong into thofe dangerous Counfels which brought Her to Her end : and at the fame time, leaft the P1(l I ■ \ (and that forfooth out of Love to his Prince and Countrey, although he had not long before been one of thofe who provoked Savage to his vow to kill her,^ and accordingly he firft convcycs them to Walfingham \ by whom they are opened, tranfcribed and carefully fealed up again and returned to Gifford, who then conveys them to the Queen of Scots, Bal^gtott or who ever elfe they are diredtcd to i which is fo plain a profecution of the fame dehgn, that it is a wonder that Camden (hould be fo much at a lofs to find out the myftery of this undertaking of the Fiicfi. More might be obfervcd to manifeft this Jnggle, if it were necelTary to the prcfent budncG. '4 '■I 'i I ■ 33. 7'he Vefign of the Pope and Spaniard to Invade Eng- land had been now long fince perceived here, not fo much by printed books, which were deligned only to work upon the vulgar and their own party , as by the fecret Letters of Morton and others which were intercepted , and Cbringhtoxp the Scotch Jefuit's papers, miraculoufly, as himfelf ac- knowledged, when by him torn and thrown into the Sea, blown back into the Ship wherein he was taken. But now their preparations being in good forveardnefs as well for the aflfault from abroad by their Navy and Army, as for their reception and admillion here by their party prepared by their Agents the EmilTaries, the better to difguife the buli- nefs and to make the Queen and her Counfel the more fe- Camb.uB.isS^ cure, they not on\Y publijh a Boo}{_, wherein the Papifis in England are admonifhed not to attempt any thing againft their Prince, but to fight only with the weapons of Chrifli- ans, Tears, Spiritual Arguments, Sedulous Prayers, Watch- ings, OriginaI of the Forvder Flat. 43 ings, Farting, but 3\(6 a "Treaty of Peace is earnejlly foUicitei li'o-^9- by the Duke of Parma with Authority from the King of Spain, which though not foon yielded to by the Qi^en, who fufpetfled fome fraud or deceitful defign in it, yet being at laft obtained, is kept on foot till the engagement of both 1588. fleets break it off in the famous year of 88. At which time all the preparations being fully compleated for execution , the Pope, who had before promifed the afliflance of his Treafure, begins firft to thunder out hk Bull: Which, mth a book^v/tit- ten by Doftor Allen, is primed at Antmrp in Englifh in great numbers to be fcnt over into in which book, for the greater terrour of the people, are particularly rela- ted their vaft pieparations, which were fo great, that the Spaniards themfelves being in admiration of them,named it the Invincible Armadoi and the Nobility, Gentry and people of England and Ireland are exhorted to joyn themfelves with the Spanifh Forces under the conduftofthe Duke of Parma for the Execution of the Popes Sentence againft Elizabeth. With this Bull is Dt.Alleny (being, extraordinarily f out iFh«A. 100. of the time allowed by the Canons even of this Pope, made Cardinal oi purpofe for this exploit) fent into Flanders, to I'"'-1-^9' be ready, ^ apon the Spaniards Landing, to pafs over into Some fuch Of England, as the Popes Legate cum plena potejiate, and here ficerwemay" to publijh the Bull, ' In which Bull the Pope, by the fuppofe was ''power, which he faith is, from God, by the Lawful fuc- intrurtcd with ' cefEon of the Cathplick Church, defcended to him over * All perfons, for feveral caufes there in fpecified, and more were in'like * fully expreflcd in the Bulls of Pius v. and Gregory xi i r. manner fent * doth again profcribe the Qjeen ■, Takes away all her Royal to be in readi- ' Dignity, Titles and Rights to the Kingdoms of England and * Ireland > Declaring her Illegitimate and a Ufurper of thofe * Kingdoms > Abfolving her Subjedls from their Oath of Popes name in * Faith and Obedience to her -. Threatens All of what con- three principal * dition foever, under danger of the wrath of God, not to Pi®"® of this * aflift her in any wife alter notice of this Mandate, but to a'^h" Powder-plot was difchargcd and had done its execution,as Biilhop Andrtws reports from the Sponu- nms confcflionofajefuitat the time of his writing, who was then here in prifon. Re ffonf. ad AfoU Bellarm, cap. 5. 113. i *im- 44 Difcourfe concerning the ' imploy all their power to bring her to Condignc punilh- 'menti Commands All Inhabitants of thofe Kingdoms diii- ' gently to execute thefe Mandates> and as foonas they have ' certain notice of the Spaniards coming, to joyn all their ' forces with them, and in all things be obedient to Parmj, ' the King of Spain s General i and laflly, Propofing Ample ' Reward to thofe who (hall lay hands upon the profcribed ' Woman and deliver her to the Catholick party to be punifh- ~ 'ed, in conclufion, out of the Treafury of the Church com- 'mitfed to his Truft and Difpenfation, he draws out his *treafure, and Grants,a Pull Pardon of All their Sins to All ' thofe who (hould engage in this expedition. This thuanus ' relates mote at large, and prefently adds: Jt rvas agreed in fecret that King Philip Jhould hold the Kingdom^ when reduced to the Obedience of the Church, of the Pope in Fee as of the Holy See.t according to the Articles of the contrail by Ina, Henry 2, and King John made and renewed, with the Title of Defender of the Faith- And to reduce it to this Obedience, thefe were the forrein Preparations which were made according to Thua^ *Ofvafibur- Account: A Navy of 150. * 5'Hpj'extraordinarily den, fcys c/ra- well furnifhedj and in it of Mariners and Seamen 8000, rfZ/j, befides Gaily-flaves, a great number , 2080- fays Camden, of Soul-^ n^tnbe^or Gentlemen and Voluntiers h for fcarce ftipsj there any family of note in Spain, which had not fon, or invitaSixtiv. brother or coutin in that fleet v Brafs Guns 1600. Iron Guns 1050. Of Powder, Bullet, Lead, Match, Muskfts, Pikps^ Spears and fuch like weapons, with other inflruments and engines, great abundance, as alfo of Horles and Mules, and Provifions for fix moneths. ^d that nothing might be wanting as to matters of Religiorf,'they brought along with them the Vicar General of the Sacred Office, as they calf it, that is the Inquiftion, and with him of Capucihes, Jefuites and Mendicants, above 100. And befides all thefe , were prepared in F/Werr and thofe parts, by the Duke of Parma, of Flat-bottomed Boats for tranfportation of men and Horle and other necefTaries 288. of Vejfels for Bridges fitted with all things neceffary, 800. and of Armed men 2opop. 50000 F«tfr 1590 i» fo great hatred of the people, for his intolerable Exaftions &. Newlmpofitions, that there was prefently in the vacar.cy a concouife of the people to throw down the Statue which in his life time was eredled for him in the Capitol. At Cictrel. in h'n EleGioHt the Cardinals in the Conclave were all firfi/jporw, that whoever of them fhould be chofen Pope, among other things for the Benefit of ( their ) Religion, the Dignity of ' the Holy See, and the Splendour of the Sacred Colledge (of Cardinals,^ (hould to the belt of his Power, Engage the Catholick Princes to fight againft the Turk, Hereticks and Schifmatick?. And how well this man being chofen profecu- ted the defign of his Oath, may be underfiood in part by what hath been faid already, and may be further feen in his dealings with our Neighbours in France' Whereof an ins fiance or two by the way , and a word or two of his quality and manners, will not be miich befide our purpofe. He had his Original, as himfelf ufed to glory, from an Illuflrious Houfei for,for want of Covering, it was iu all parts illu? firated by the Sun-beams i being born .of poor parents in a pittiful Cottage. But his good qualities were mufi confpir cuous after his Eleftion to the Papacy,being a moft Imperious, Proud, Ambitious, Vain-glorious,Gluttonous, Covetous, Un» juft, Revengeful, Inhumane,and raflily fevere man, the con- traries whereof, by a fpecial faculty of Diflimulation, he had before fimulated, as he is defcribed by fhttanits and Cicartlla in his life. He began the exercife of his Authority witharafh and unjufi condemnation of a young man of Flo- thitJAi. fence to be hanged , for oiily refufing in his Matters houfe to rtl. in vita deliver an Afs to the Popes Officers, which was not his in whofe name thty demanded it, but the young mans mafter's, all men pittying the hard cafe of the poor fellow. Nor was this dealing ufed only with men of inferiour quality j for by his command the Cardinal Saiuiato at Bononia, having fum- moned Count John Pepulm^ a man of prime Nobility and of nalcfs Piety and Probity, for entertaining certain Gentlemen who 4^ A Difcourfe concerning the who were exiles, in fome places, out of the Popes Territo- ries , which were anciently granted to himhy the Emperor, when he pleaded a Prefcription of the Emperors Priviledge, caufed him in the night to be pulled out of his own houfe, and, having a Pricft ready to confefs him, prefently to be llrangled. And that we may fee how well he could ufe both Jrvords, in the beginning alio of his Papacy, he fen t out his ' Excommmication again^ tbeKingoftiivdiitt and the Frinceof Conde't after a glorious Preface concerning the Authority given to Fetcr and his Succeffbrs,far above all the Powers of Earthly Kings and Princes, which never fwerves from right judg- ment. Declaring them to be Set^aries, and publick and ma- nifeft Favourers and Defenders of Se^aries j guilty of high treafon againft the Divine Majefty , and Enemies of the Ca- tholick Faith i to be fain from all Right of Dignity} and them and their Succeffors to be unworthy to fucceed in any principality , particularly in the Kingdom of France: Abfol- ving their Subjedfs from their Oath of Fidelity i and laftly Exhorting the King of France to be mindful of his Oath at his Coronation , and to Extirpate all the feeds of the Setfla- ries. And we may fuppofe that he was true to his Oath and the Interefl of his See, when he deceived the expedations of the Leaguers in France and their alGftants the Spaniard, leaft, as Cicarella notes, if the King of France and his party fhould have been overcome by the Afliftance of Spain, the Spaniard might take the advantage of it to enlarge his own Dominions too much, which might have proved dangerous thu. I. 9^. to the Holy See. But he made them amends for it afterward, * wta vvas" without any expenfe of his Treafure, for he (ent out after\vards ex- Excommmicaiion againji the King of France himfelf, al- cuted for ir, though 3 man of an irreconcilable hatred againh the Prote- drawn in pie- ftants, and who had been a promoter of the Fariftan Maf- h"rfcs within ten days he (hould fet at liberty the quarters burn-Bourbon, whom the Rebels defired to make head of ed, & his afhcs their party. This was publilhed in May, and the !• of fcattercd in y4uguli after, was the King murthered by James Clement a wind. Jacobin, who was thus relblved in the Cafe by the * Prior of .10. Ijjj CQyent, that if he mdertooh^it, not cut of hatred or de- fire Original ef the Poi»der Plot. 49 fire of private revenge , but inflamed mth the love of God, for Keligion and the good of his Country, he might not only do it xpith a fafe Cotfleience , but Jhouldmerit much before God, and rrhhout doubt if he Jhould die in the aCi, his foul would ajcend to the ^uiret of the Blejfed i and as forae fay he was like- wife encouraged by F. Commelet and other Jefuites. 'fhisfaCi of Clement was highly extolled in France both in Sermons and Printed books: and the Leaguers had that opinion of his Martyrdom ( for he was prcfently killed in the place, and afterward pulled to pieces and his body burned J that they came to the place, and fcraped up the very duttand earth whereon any of his blood lighted as Sacred Relicks, and put it into a Veffel in which they came, intending to carry it to Paris, and there crcdi a Monument of his Martyrdom ad adorationem i but by a vehement wind , which fuddenly arofe, both veffel and'paffengers were all drowned, not one efcaping, and the relicks caft away. Nor was the fac^ lefe extolled at Rome, even by the Pope himielf, in a Premedr- fated Speech in the Confiftory, wherein he not only preferred that wicked wretch before Eleazar and Judith, but moft im- pioufly and blafphemoufly compared his faft, for the great- nefs and admirablenefs of it, to the My fiery of the Incarnation and RefurretSlion of our Lord and Saviour. The King had cauied the Duke of Guife, who was head of the Rebels, to be fain j and this was one main matter, which incenfed the Pope againfi him. For the Pope had agreed with Guife in 94* fcret, to marry his Niece to the Prince oi Jonvil, Guife his fon and heir, and to depofe the King, thrufi him into a Monafiery, and compel him by the Popes authority to re- nounce his right to the Kingdom, and to fet up Guife the father. King in his place. But how zealous and jealous he was for the Dignity and Authority of the Holy See, is worth our further notice, in an Inftance related by a good Catho- lick, the learned Civil Lawyer Vfilliam Barclay, in his book J)e Poteflate Pafa dedicated to Pope Clement viii. None of all the writers of the Popes part, faith he , hath either mare di- lig'Htly colleSed, or more ingenmfly pfopofed, or more fmartly andfubtileiy concluded their reafns and arguments for the Popes fcl M 1 • i § '4 ! :ii| i, ' ■ !■ 'i t f' .1% if- ' ■ f 'K m ftf; m ¥ 't 4t f p' if--^'V '■^1 I !■; H I ,.•[) ■ -'if'' •tir f J i so Difcotirfe concerning the Pope/ Authority than the Eminent Divine Bellarmine , who although he attributed as much as with bonefiyhe could, and in- deed more than he ought to have done , to the Authority of the Pope in Temporals , yet could be not fatitfie the Ambition of that mojl Imperious man Sixtus v. who affirmed that he held a Supreme Power, over All Kings and Princes of the whole Earth and all People and Nations, delivered to him , not by humane, but Divine Injiitution. In fo much , that he was very near, by his Papal Cenfure , to have abolijhed, to the great detriment of the Church, all the works of that DoSlor, which at this day oppofe herefie with very great fuecefs, as the Fathers of that Or- derof which war, have ferioujly told me, cap. 13. But enough of Sixtus i By whonrj,for example, we may guefs, by thefe fruits, what likelyhood there is, that he and fuch as he whereof there hath been no fraall number Popes, fince the tenth Age efpecially ( that Seculum Infelix, when with a great Eclipfe of Learning, the Popes of Rome, as even Bellar- mine noteth, degenerated from the Piety of the Ancients) were partakers of, and diredtcd by that Holy Spirit, which God giveth to them that obey him, to condud them in all truth, or rather the Spirit of the world, the Spirit that work- eth in the children of difobedicnce, whole works they have done. Tht three next fucceeding Popes, Urban']'Gregory 14. and Innocent p. did not aH of them live out half three years from the death of this i and therefore we cannot expetS to hear of any attempts or defign of theirs againlf this King- dom. But after Clement viii. who was ele(3:ed Pope 3. Feb. i$9l. was fettled in his feat, the like pracSifes foon began again, wherein thofe agents whom we have mentioned before, Heskft, Lopez and. Complices his Cullen, Tork^ and WVliams (who confeffed fome others ) and Squire, were im- ployed to raife rebellion, poifon or affalfinate the Q^een ; Lopez by the King of Spain s Minifters of State, not without the privity and confent of himfelf > all the reft incited and encouraged by the Jefuites, who for the like pradfifcs at the fame time againft the moft Chriftian Kin® , though then be- Toh.t. Ill' come Catholick too, were exterminated out of all France, and i5pi. I5P2. 1593' 159¥ Original of the Voivder Vlot. and a Pyramid eredled for their perpetual Infamy. But from all thefeGod ftill prcferved her, the Emiflaries being difco- vered, taken and Executed. Nor did he only prcferve her from their attempts, but Ihortly after blelTed her with happy fuccelTes in a» Expedition agai»Ji the Spaniard/ then preparing again to Invade England i wherein the King of Spain/ Navy of Bam Obfcrr; 50. tall Ships,befides twenty Gallies to attend them, were bea- ten and put to flight, and in the end all, but two which were taken by the Englifli, burned, only the twenty Gal- lies, by the benefit of the Shallows, efcaping; the town of Cadiz, manned with 4000. foot and 400. horfe, taken fack'd and burnt but great Clemency ufed toward the in- habitants; and at laft the Englifh returning home with ho- Camd. and therefore for their encouragement and af- fiftance , the King of Spain by his Agent Von Martin de la Cerda, fends them money and Ammunition i and the Pope, by Mathctv de Oviedo, whom he defigned Archbifhop of Vuhlin, Promifes of Indulgence, with a Fhvmx plume to Trr-Ofw their Generali and the year after, he fends them his Indulgence it felf, to this efletSl , That tvhereas of long time, being led on by the Exhortations of his PredeceQors and himfelf and of the Apoliolick See, for the recovery and defence of their Liberty againft the Heretic's, they bad with Vnited minds and Forces, given aid and ajjtftance, firft to James Fitz-Girald, and laftly to Fiu^ Oue\ Earl of Tyton Captain General of the Catholick^ Army in Ireland, rrho with their Soul- diers had in procefs of time performed many brave atchievemtnts, fighting manfully againft the enemy, and for the future are ready to perform the likf j that they may all the more cheerfully doit, and aftt/i againft the faid Heretickf, being willing after the example of his Predeceffors to vouchfafe them fome Spiritual Graces and Favours , he favourably grants to all and every one who Jhall joyn with the faid Hugh and his Army ajferting and fighting for the Catholic}^ Faith, or any way aid or afftft them , if they be truly penitent and have confeffed, and if it may betrecdved the Sacrament, a Plenary Pardon and RemiJJian af All their Sins i the fame which ujed to be granted by the Popes ofRovPC to thofe who go to war againji the Lurks. ( iS. April i6oo. Camd. p. 750. Foul. p. 651. ) And the next year again for their further encouragement, he fends a particular letter to Lyrone, wherein he Commends their Devotion, in engaging in Original of the Potoder Plot. in a Holy League, and their valour and atcheivcments-, Ex- horts them to continue unanimous in the fame mind and Promifes to write efFedVually to his Sons, the Catholjck Kings and Princes, to give all manner of Alfiftance to them and their caufe and tells him , he thinks to fend them a peculiar W««cL, whomiybs helpful to them in all things as occafion (hail ferve. (20. Jctn, idoi. FohI. />. <555. ) The King of Spain likewife fends hii Ajji;iance i a great Heet, who hnded at King-Sale 20. Sept. under the conduct of Don John d'AqHila \ who fets ottt a "Declaration y the wing the King of Spain s prctcnfe in the war, which, he faith , is mtb the Apojiolicl^Attthority to be adminifred by him j that they perftvade not any to deny due Obedience ( according to the TPord of God ) to their Prince, but that all knoao, that for ma- ny years fince, Elizabeth tvas deprived of her Kingdom, and All her SubjeHs Ahfolved from their Fidelity, by the Pope ; unto whom he that reigneth in the Heavens, the King of Kings , hath committed All Power , that he Jhould Root up, Dejiroyy Plant and Build y in fuch fort , that he may pmiijh temporal Kings fif it Jhould be good for the Spiritual Building) even to their Depnfing » which thing hath been done in the Kingdoms of Eng- land and Ireland by many PopeSy viz. by Pope Pius v. Gregory XIII. and now by Clement vrir. as is well known, whofe Bulls are extant: that the Pope and the King of Spain have re- folved to fend SouldierSy Silvery Gold, and Arms whh a mojl liberal hand: that the Pope Chrijis Vicar on Earthy doth eommmd them C rbe Papifts in Ireland ) to tak^ Arms for the defenfe of their Faith, See. ( Camd. p. 829. Foul. <558._) And not long after more Supplies were fent from Spain under Alonjo de Ocampo. Bot it pleafed God to make tfee dill ViUori-Tbu.L.ii^.Cam. ous over Alii and part of them, with the Itilh Rebels, be- an. 1601.^ ing beaten and routed in the Field, the reft are brought to articles,upon which they Surrender All, and are fent home, when more forces were coming from Spain to their recruit. The next year moft of the other Rebels being defeated and ido2. fubdued, laft of all Mac Eggan, the Popes Vicar Apoftolick, with a party of the Rebels, which he himfelf led, with his Sword drawn in one hand, and his Breviary and Beads in g 2 the A Difcourfe concerning the the other, was flain by the Q_ieens forces and the Rebels routed in January 160^. and Co the whole Kingdom, JjroHe alfo fubtnitting to mercy, totally fubducd. ( Camd. an. idoj, Foul.p. 66^.) 37. And now thii Bhjfed Queen, having by an Admirable Providence of Almighty God , been Preferved from All thcfe both Secret Confpiiacies, and Open Invafions, through a long Reign of four and forty years compleat, and made vi- <3orious over All her Enemies, as well abroad as at home ; Out-lived her great and bitter enemy Phil.ll. King of Spain, who himfelf lived to be fenfible of the Divine Judgment of the Iniquity of his Adtions againft her, and to defire a Peace with her, though he lived not to enjoy itOut-lived four Kings of France, eight Popes, and the greateft part of the ninth; and maugre all the Powers of Hell, the Malice and Wicked Machinations of Men of moft turbulent and Anfi-chriflian Spirits, Defended that Purity of Religion, which, even at the very beginning of Her Reign, fhe had, with Mature Deliberation, and a Generous and moft Chri- ftian Courage and Refolution, notwithftanding all Difficul- ties and Dangers which on every fide threaterjed her un- dertakings, eftabliihed, was by the fame at laft brought to her Grave in Peace, in a Good Old Age. Her very Ene- mies admiring, as well her Worth and Excellence, as her Glory and Felicity •» ( fee the one extolled by Sixtus v. Thu. I. 82,^.48. and the other by An. Atejiina, I. i2p. and both more largly dcfcribed by the Noble and Ingenuous Thuanns I. i2p. and Sir Francii Bacon in his Collet^ion of her Feli" cities ) while her Neighbours, who wickedly and barbaroufly perfccuted the Profeifors of that Reformed Religion, for their Religion fake , which ihc with great and Chrillian Modcra- tion towards the adverfaries of it, happily eftablifhed and de- fended, either lived not out half their days, or died vio- lent deaths, and were murthered by their own Subjedfs of the fame Religion with themfelves, or were otherwife un- happy in their attempts in that Eminently Remarkable manner, as is fb far from being impertinent to our fubjetS aod defign briefly to note > that it would be a great fault and Original of the Powder Plot: 55 and unworthy ncgletS not to do if. Certainly who t" ver ihall impartially, and without prejudice confider the Hiftory of this bltlTed and happy Qjeen, and with it compare the Hidory of the Times both precedent and fubfequent to herrei^n, and efpeciaily of her neighbours in Fr and afterwards obtained from the Pope a Difpen- fation of his Oithcs ( which Difpenfation , fays Sir Walter Katvleigh, was the true caufe of the war and Blood-fhed fince ) when he fought contrary to hU Oathts and all Right and Juftice, not only by new devifed and intolerable Impo- litions, to tread their National and Fundamental Laws, Pri- vilcdges and Ancient Rights under his feet > and both by Arts, ('dividing their Nobility,) and by Force, to enjlave their Perfons and Efiates, and make himfelf Abfolute i but moreover by introducing among them, the Exercife of the Spanifh Inquifition , toTyranntze alfo over their Confciences : and in purfuance hereof had committed many barbarous Murders and Maffacres among them •, by the Juii Providence of God, he was throvsn out of all, and thofe Rights and Priviledges, which he fought toabolifh, and that Religion which he fought to opprefs, were by that people retained and enjoyed with greater freedom and liberty than ever i fo that in conclufion the recompenfe of that oppreffion and cruelty which he exercifed upon them, was the lofs of thofe Countries, which, fays Kaleigh, for beauty, gave place to none, and for revenue, did equal his Weft-Indies, befides the lofs of an hundred millions of money, and of the lives of above four hundred thoufand Chriftians, by him caft away in his endeavours to enllave them. If beiides this we refledf upon his many and various attempts againfl the 'thu.'l.Mo, Qmen of England, fomc of them with fo great ftudy and vaft Original of the Porvder Plot. 5^ vaff expenfe of his Treafure j his unhappy Wir/ in aid of the Rebels j« Frjwcc, which his ambitious hopes had no lefs devoured, than they had Englandall of them unfuccefsful and remarkably blalled, and himfclf at la(i fo weary of them, that he was glad to defire peace with both j his fruit- lefs rvajiing of 55P4. Myriads of Gold, as himfelf confelTed, without any other profit, than the acquefl of Portugal, which he thought might be as eafily loft as his hopes of the Kingdom of France had fuddenly vanifhed, and however was fufficiently ballanced with his lofs in Africa and elfe- where i the death of his eldeji fon, by his orvn command, as the Icfuite ^ Petavius faith exprefly, and the lefs of all his * ^.Ration. other fons,fave only Phil. 111. who fucceeded him > and was the only fon of all his four wives,who furvived himjlf we fe- rioully, I fay, refletS upon all thefe, we may look upon the prolongation of his life, in refped of himfelf, but as a continuance of trouble and mifery to him i and in refpedof this bleffed Queen, to have been defigned by God, for an Ex- ercife of her Faith and Virtue, and a neceflary means, toren- der his Favour and never failing Providence over her, the more Manifeft, Confpicuous and Exemplary to encourage others to Fidelity to him, and Refignation to his moft Wife, Powerful and Gracious Providence. But though thefe things do well deferve our notice, yet that which I call a Diftinguifh- ing Providence, is yet more admirable and remarkable in her nearer neighbours in France. 3P. When Queen Elizabeth began her Reign in England, Henry II. was King of France. His Father FrancU i. who, in the beginning of his Reign, which was about the time of Luthers firft appearing againft Indulgences, had unhappily entred into a league with the Pope ( Leo x. ) which in the judgment of many, fays "Lhuanus, brought deftrutftion up- on his affairs and family > though in many things unhappy throughout his whole Reign, yet certainly was he in nothing more unhappy, than in the guilt of fo much innocent blood, as was (bed in the barbarous and horrid murders and Jlaugh- Thu.LS. ters which were made upon the Proteftants of Mcrindol and Cabriers, condemaed mecrly for their Religion, by a molt rigid <58 A Dtfcourfe cortcerning the figld anJ Tcvsre Sentence of the Parliament of Provence, affet which he never enjoyed himfclf, fays Raleigh^ nor indeed his life long after his approbation of that Execution, wherein their towns and villages, to the number of two and twenty, were burned, and themfelves , without diftindiion of age or fex, mod barbaroufly murthered. But being touched with remorfe of Confcience , and repenting of it, upon his death bed he charged his Son, that the injuries done to that peo- pie fliould be enquired into, and their murtherers, who in the cruelty of their execution had exceeded the feverity of the Sentence, to be duly punilhed: threatening him with Thu.L,^. judgments, if he neglcdted it. And among other Ad- monitions which he then gave him, this was one, to beware of the Ambition of the Guifes , whom, he forefaw , if ad- mitted to the adminiftration of the Kingdom, would reduce both his Children, and the People of France, to great mi- feries. But Hewry 11. no fooner came to his Fathers throne, Daw/jp.15.19 but he prefently began to pradife the contrary to his dire- dions, difplacing thofe that before had any part in the go- vernment, and fubftituting in their room the fame men whom his Father had difcharged , and Guife with the firft, and at length the three brothers of Guife got into their hands all the principal governments, and chief dignities of the Kingdom,together with the fuper-intendancy of all affairs, both Martial and CiviU the Confequence of which did after- wards make good the truth of his fathers predidion. Nor did he much better perform his fathers charge, in doing Juflice upon the bloody offenders > for though he gave the Thu.L 6. caufe a long hearing , yet did not the iffue of the judgment anfwer the great expedations, which the fo many horrid crimes whereof they were accufed did raife in mens minds: one only of the offenders, for want of friends at Court, be- ing executed; but the principal adors of that wickednefs, reilored to their former dignity and places i fo that infiead of that Juflice, which , if duly executed upon the offenders, might-poffibly have averted or mitigated the Divine venge- ancc, which hath fince profecuted his fathers guilt in his po- flerity , he not only by negled thereof, but alfo by his own contri- Original of the Powder Plot. Continuance of the like cruelties, and for the fame caufe of Religion, aiyropriated his fathers guilt to himfelf, and with the addition of his own, tranfmitted the fame to his pofterity, with the Divine Vengeance further provoked attending if. He began his Perfecutions of the Prote- ftants in the firft year of his reign, and continued the fame to the laft days of his life , with that refolution , that no fol- licitation of neighbour Princes, his allies, could mitigate his fury. He ufed his uttermoji endeavour, fays Vavila, p. 40. to extirpate the roott of thofe feeds in their firfigrowths and t&erc/are twtb Inexorable Severity refolved, that Ml who were found convid of this imputation, Jhould fuffer death without mercy. And although Many of the Counfellors in Every Par- liament, either Favouring the fame Opinions, or Abhorring the Continual Effufton of blood, made ufe of all their slqll, to preferve as many as they could from the Severity of his Execution s Hotwithfianding the Kings Vigilance and Conjfancy was fuch, chiefly by the Incitements of the Cardinal of Lorain, C one of the Guifes ) that he had reduced things to fuch a point as would in the end, though with the Effufion of much blood, have expelled all the peccant humours ( he means the Prote- ftants ) out of the bowels of the Kingdom, if the accident which fallowed, had not interrupted the courfe 0/ his refolution. That which he calls an accident, was the violent, and, in re- fpedtof the courfe of nature, untimely , but, in refpedfof Gods Providence, moft feafonable, death, of that cruel King, in the height of his Refolutions of Inexorable Severity againft the Proteftants, by the hands of that fame man, whom he had but few days before imployed to apprehend and im- prifon feme of the chief Senators, for no other caufe but their Religion, and their free delivering of their Sentence, according to the Laws, in Parliament, concerning the caufe of the Proteftants i and at the fame that Q^een Elizabeth was with Her Senators Confulting and Refolved to Eftablifh that Religion, which he perfecuted: which (lie happily by Gods Bleffing effeded, and procured a Blelling upon her felf and her Kingdom, while he furioufly fighting againft God, was in a Ladicrous fight, running at Tilt, by a Splinter of a bro- h ken 6o 111'! > f If 1559. Lilr. I. PSiW/./.Ir ;Sf j4 Difcourfe concernitig ken lance, which found entrance at his eye though his head and body were clad in armour, cut off from fu|ther profecu- ting his refolutions, in the midft of his years, and in the tnidft of his publick Solemnities of the Nuptials of his cldeft daugh- ter to theKingof5/'««, which whom he had concluded to make a war againft the Protcftants, and of his only Sifter to the Duke ot Savoy, in the view of the Bafiile, where thofe Senators were kept in Prifon , and within two or three days, if not lefs, after one of the chief of them was declared heri- tick, and delivered over to the Secular Power i Leaving be- hind him a Curfe upon his pofterity, and Mifcry and Confu- (ion to his Kingdom, principally caufed and promoted by thofe very inftruments,whofeCounfelsand Infligations he had fol- lowed in his wicked and bloody pra^ifcs. 40. He left four fotts, all in a manner children» the eldeft ^Francis 11. who fucceeded hjm, under the age of iixteen* ' who by reafon of his youth, or rather, as fays his ' natural incapacity, requiring, if not a diret^ Regent, yet ' a prudent, aHiduous Governour, till his natural weaknefs * was overcome by maturity of years, the Ancient Cuftoms ' of the Kingdom called to that Charge the Princes of the ' Blood, among which for nearnefs and reputation it be- ' longed to the Prince of Conde, and the King of Navarre. But Katherine of MedicU the Kings mother, and Francis Vul^e ofGuife, with Charles his brother Cardinal of Lorain, un- cles to Mary Qneen of Scots, whom the King in the life-time of his father had married, feverally ajfiring to the Govern- ment > to which neither had right by the Laws of the King- dom; and therefore defpairing by their own power and in- tereft, to obtain and retain it alone, they refolved to unite their feveral interefts and powers, and to (hare it among them i and they quickly obtained, (he by her intereft in the King her Son, and they by the means of their Niece, his Queen, that to the Duke was committed the Care of the Militia V the Civil affairs to the Cardinal •, and to the Queen- mother the Superintendance of all: the Princes of the blood and others of the prime Nobility being excluded not only from original of the Vowder Plot. from the Government, butalfo, by arts and atFronts remo- vcd or reputed from the Court it felf. the Gnifer, having rhus intruded into the Authority aforefaid, continued the * fame Kefolutims of Severity^ againft thofe of the Reformed Re- ligion, which they had intufed, or at leaft fomented and agi- tated in the former King \ which they inftantly put in exe- cution. And the fame raoneth that this King came to the Crown, his Order is fent out for the tryal of the Senators imprifoncd by his father. Whereof one, Anne du Bouryy was afterward, for his Religion, executedi but tJ!>c rejl not being convitSed were only degraded. While thefe were brought to their Tryal, by the command of the Cardinal, Severe Inquifition is made at Paris, into all fufpet^ed of that Religion V and many both Men and Women are taken and clapt into Prifon » and many, to avoid the danger, forced to flyi many leaving their infants and little children behind them, who filled the fireets with the noife of their lamen- table crys: their goods taken out of their houfes were pub- lickly fold, and their empty houfes profcribed ; and to in- creafe the Odium of the people againft them, the fame Ca- lumnieSi which were heretofore caft upon the Primitive Chriftians, of promifcuous copulation in their Nodurnal Meetings the lights being put out, were now renued a- gainft thefe, and bafe people produced by the Cardinal to prove it, who though upon tryal convidied of fraud and fallhood , were yet fuffered to go unpunifhed. The City be- ing thus diligently fearched, the fame Courfe is immediately taken in the Suburbes, at S.Germans, and prefently after in the reft of the Cities of Prance, efpecially at Poi&iers., tbo- loufe, Aix , and throughout the whole Province of Narbon- Shortly after command is given to the Court , to proceed fe- verely againft thofe who were fufpc<9:ed, and with all dili- gence to attend to the tryal of them, without intermi/fion. Whereupon the Prifons were all foon emptied, feme being condemned to death, others baniftied, and the reft puniftied with other mul^s and penalties.Nor did all this fatiate the fu- ry of thefe crnel & mercilefs men: for dreading the very men- tion of an Affembly of the Eftates, which might corredt h 2 the IP N;,, ji ■ t1 . } n ''A itiji' ■I::! "ill! , ' it . ) 62 A Difcourfe concerning the the Exorbitances of their Ufutped Power, they accufed ail thofe as Rebtilious and Seditious, who dalited it; and when they perceived the Proteftanfs, who were now very numerous notwithftanding all the cruelties ufed againtt them, to concur in the (ame defire, ntvc Arts and Snares were devifed to apprehend them, wherein alfo others who were not of their Religion, were often unawares furprifcd* For every where, at efpecially, were eredted Images of Saints, in the Streets & by-ways, with lighted Candles fet up to them in the day time, and a deal of Superflitious Wor- fhip i and boxes fet by them, into which, they who paf- fed by were preffed to caft in money for providing of the Lights, and fuch as refufcd to do it, or negletS'ed to give reverence to the Images, were fufpefted, and indantly af- faulted by the Rabble; and happy was he, that in fuch cafe could efcape with his life, though immediately thruft into prifon. All this was done the fame year that Francis to the Crown. And although in the entrance of the next year, about 12. Mart, left the Protcftants exafperated by all thefe Cruelties, fhould be provoked to joynwith them, who at- that time held a Confultation againft the Guifet, to remove them and the Queen-mother from the Government, this fevc" rlty by the mediation of Colinius the Admiral and Olinier the Chancellour, v/is by apublicj^Edi^ ^ for the prefent in pari remitted ', Yet no fooner was the danger of that Confederacy over by the defeat of the Enterprife at Amboife, but the EdiH was recalled, and ntrv refolutions concluded for the utter tuinc and extirpation of the Proteftants: and that upon this further occafion , and by the means following. The Guifes nothing doubting but that the late attempt at Am-, boife, to furprife and remove them from the Government, was fecretly excited and managed by the Princes of the blood, to whom the right, during the Kings inability , did belong i and that the Proteftants , thus provoked by fuch unjuft perfecutions, would favour the right of the Princes > refolved to cut off both ; But confidering that it would be dif- ikult and hazardous, by open Force to get the Princes info their power,, they refolved to eflay to accomplilh that by Act i Teu. I. 24. 1660. 1^: Original of the Vowder Tloti 63 Art •> and therefore rirft by all means to conceal and dilTcm- ble their fufpicion of them ; and to that purpofe, endeavour- ed to have the late bufinefs at Amboife imputed to the Pro- teftants , and to attribute all to Diveriity of Religions»which might alfo ferve them to a further purpofe,i//z. to render their own caufe and proceedings more plaufible to the people, and the others more odious v and to urge this yet further, they endeavoured to poflefs the King with great apprehenfi- ons of the danger of his own perfon from that party, and the people with an opinion that that attempt was defigned againft the King himfelf i which was fo grols a Calumnie, that Vavila himfelf, though otherwife partial enough a- gainft the Protefiants, thought it not fit to be credited i and atlafi, having ufed all their Arts to beget a confidence in the Princes that they had no defigns againft them, to ac- complifti their defigns, they caufe an Aflembly of the Eftates, whereat the Princes by their place were to attend, to be ap- pointed at Orleant. Where againft the Proteftants in general, /. ,5, they prcfently proceed more openly i and having obtained an Edi<9: that all ftiould exhibit a profeflion of their Faith, according to a Form, 18. years before prefcribed by the Sorhott Doctors, and that they who refufed, Ihould be puniflied with lo(s of life and Goods : fuch were fent out throughout the whole Kingdom, who ftiould apprehend all that were fufpeded to be of the Reformed Religion, with command to pull down the Houfes and Caftles of thofe who made any refiftance. And the Princes, being at length with much Art and difficulty, wrought upon to come- to the Af- fembly, though contrary to the perfwafion of their friends, are inftantly upon their arrival fecured ; ATiJt/iir under a kind of Guard, but Conde dole prifoner. Having thus gotten them into their hands, they without much difficulty refolve to circumvent CoMi/e with Accufations of Rebellion, and put him to death under colour of Law. But for Navar, they were not a little doubtful what to do with him, and at laft conclude to rnurder him fecretly. But when all thefe defigns againft both the Proteftants in general, and thefe Ptinces in particular, were brought to the very point of exeeiuion/and the -, A Difcourfe conurmng the the Tragedy already begun. It pleafed God, by the faine means, whereby he had decreed to profccute his judgments and vengeance againft this pcifecuting Houfe of Valois^ to deliver thofe who were defigned for flaughter > and by the feafonable intervention of the otherwife untimely death of this young King, before he had accompliflied the age of eighteen, to confound and difappoint all the fubtile ma- chinations, of thefe ambitious unchriflian perfecutors. As the force and violence of thunder, fays Davila , ufetb in a mo- ment to overthrow and mine thofe buildings which art built with great care and long labour j fo his uneocpeSled death, defraying in an inftant thofe Counfels, which with fo much art and dijjimu- lation were brought to maturity and concluded, left the Jiate of things C already in the way ( although by Violent and Kigorom Means, yet) to a certain and fecure end ) in the height of all difcord, and more than ever they were formerly, troubled, waver- ing and abandoned. Thus he, but we may rather obferve the unluccefsfulnefs of fuch violent and Rigorous Courfes, though for the attaining of never fo good and lawful endsi and that not fo much of their own nature, as by the fpecial Providence of God, who doth frequently fufFer wicked and proud conceited men, confident of their own wit or ftrength, to proceed in their wicked policies and the exercife of their malitious pradifes, till they be at the very point to receive their expected fruits of all, and then by fome little occur- rence to frufirate and blaft all their hopes, and make them fo much more miferable by their difappointment, by how much they thought themfclves nearer and furer of the en- joyment. Such were the Popes and Spaniards difappoinment mentioned before SeH. 26. pag. ^2. and that of S8. SeS. 33. and others. Whereas Queen Elizabeths moderate pro- cecdings, but in a better caufe, were all along blelTed with happy fuccels. 4t' To this young King, thus cut elf in his youth, and leaving noilTue behind him, Cthoughfome) years mar- ried to a-^eautiful young Lady, fucceeded his brother Charles the nineth, a Childe of about Eleven years of Age j who, Original of the Vovpder Tlot. 6^ who, by rcafon of his Minority, bting incapable to exercife 15^0. the Government, by Agreement bettceen the ^ueen tnother ( now fufficiently weary of the Ambition and Inlolencies of the Guifes , and fufpitious of their deligns ) and the King of Navarre firft Prince of the blood (though the Gnifes ufed all their Arts to renue the former differences between them J Thu.l.26. She is made Regent, and He Prefident of the Province! t and a Dav.ki. Decree is made by the King, wich the counfel and advice of the Qi^een Regent, Navarre, the reft of the Princes of the blood and others, Privy Counfellors, whereby the Supreme Regimen of all is committed to Her. Hereupon the Gttifet being accuftomed to govern, and not able to conform their minds to their prefent condition, fought all manner of op- portunitiet, whereby they might again raife themfelves to their former greatnefs. And whereas at the inftance of Na- varre, with the confent of the Regent and the Councel (many dilliking the effuiion of fo much blood for no other fault than profeffion of the Reformed Religion f a Decree of Councel paffed 28. Jan- for the Releafe of all Prifoners committed only for matters of Religion, and to flop all In- quifition appointed for that caufe, to prohibit difputations in matters of Religion, and particular perfons from reviling one another with the names of Heretick 5c Papift,8c commanding all to live together in Peace, &c. this ferved them,to diffemble the true caufe of their grief i and therefore they made Jhervof being nuved and offended only at the tacit toleration permitted the Calvinijis i covering in this manner ( (zysDavila) with a pious pretence under the vail of Religion, the intereftsof private paflion. And having, by the arts and fubtilty of DijMd late Mifttefs to He«. 2. gained to their party An Momo- rancy Con (table of Fr dace, ( who, (being at that time in the fame danger with them and others of being called to refund the large donations which they had obtained of the two laft Kings, and befides had been very adfive in the former per- fecutions againlt the Proteflants, was with the lefs difficulty wrought upon, efpecially in the abfence of his fon, a fober and prudent perfon, who diffwaded him all he could) they enter into a league for the prefervation of the Catholick Reli- gion, 66 A Difcourfs concermiig^& gion, and mutual defence of their feveral Eftates. And when Thu.l.zS. the Profeftants, after fbme other Edidfs and Decrees, partly indulging feme kind of liberty to them, and partly rellrain- ing it, were permitted a publick Viffutiition at Poifey, ( which was firft propofed by the Cardinal oi Lorain^ and as was thought, to hinder the Convention of a National Sy- nod, which he knew would be little pleafing to the Pope, but was much defired in France by the moft fober and pious of both fides, who were fiudious of the peace and good of the y.tl)u.in Church^ there was prefently a * fecret conjultaiion held hy a Confpiracy the Grandees of the Popijh FaUion ^France vp'ith them of Spain, betweenGai/e King Philip being wonderfully moved at the news of that of 5>az^^'af Conference: and Arturim Deftderius^ incited by the Sorhon -mulaudacior Doctors, and as was believed by many, not without the in regno memo- privity of the Cardinal of Lorain, hajiens to King Philip noith ratur, which j Supplication and Private InfruUiont, Complaining of the eitatkm a" diis '"creafe of the Protefiants, the retnifncfsof the King and his dme, though' Cpunfcllors in refiraining fhemi-^nd imploring his Aid i not difcovcr- and committing to his Patronage the'Honour, Lives, For- ed till after tunes and Eftates of "the French Nobility i with which he Guife his was intercepted in his journey at Orleans. Not long afier, eatv«,i5 4 among others, tsp to be difputed pliblickly, T^hat the Pope ., as the fple Vicar of Chrifl^ and Monarch of the Church, hath All Chrijlian Princes fubjeQ' th his Spiritual and Secular Poncer i and that he may turn out of th'eir Kingdoms thofe that are rebellious to his Commands. Wherewith the King being acquainted, his Delegates were fent to complain of it to the Parliament > which ordered the Sorbon Dod:ors to deprecate the offence, and to recant this errour brought in "■ Abautthe ^ by Pope Boniface 8. and fince his death generally cOn- year 1500. demned. The Guifes in the mean time dreading a National Synod fo itiuch defired, as fearing that the Protcllants would prevail in it, fpared no endeavours to keep it off. To which end alfo, Philip of Spain follicited by the Pope, fends over his Ambaffadour, who with threats added to his in- treaties daily importunes the Queen R. to Severities againft the Setfiaries. But becaufe the Guifes thought that Navarre muld be a main objiacle to thefe endeavours to keep off the Synod, Original of the Tovodcr Plot. '6 J Synod, they refolve with the Spanifli Atnbaffador and the Popes Legate ( who was admitted in France, but held ftridb- ly to the conditions by the Laws appointed J to fet upon him, a man though otherwife of parts, yet through indulgence ta pleafures and eafe, grown facile and eafie, to draw him to their,-party. To which end, having firftcorrupted feme of his confidents, they firft propofe to him, to divorce his Queen for her herefie, and marry their niece the Queen of Scots, with whom he (hould have alfo the Kingdom of England, of which the Pope was about to deprive Elizabeth for her herefie. But when this, by reafon of his love to his Queen, a woman of great worth , and by whom he enjoy- ed a good eftate (though they promifcd him the continu- ance of this by the Popes Authority notwithftanding the di- vorce, ^ and to his children he had by her, would not take with himi they propofe that the King of Spain, for fatif- faftion for his Kingdom of Navarre (which the Spaniard unjuftly held from him,^ fliould give him the Ifle of Sardi- nia, which though a pitiful thing, they very much magni- fied, and proniifed the affiftance oi Spains Treafures and Forces if he would defert the Lutherans, whom by the means of- his Queen he was brought to favour, and take upon him the Patronage of the Catholicks in France. By which abufe f for it proved no other) they prevailed upon him, and fo made up the Tiriumvirate, of Navarre, the DukeofG»i/<, and Momorancy the Conftable, andlaydthe foundation of that Civil war, which (hortly after enfued, and in the compafs of about a year after put an end to his hopes and life alfoi when being wounded he became fenfible Thu. 1.33. of his abufe, and declared that if he recovered, he would embrace the Proteftant Confcflion of Augsburg, and live and die in it. About the fame time or not long after, the Queen Regent and the Councel, upon the complaint of theProteftants of that little liberty, which was permitted Tha.l, 2?. them by former Edi<£fs, being abridged by or under pre- tence of the Late Edi£i of Italy, which they faid was furre- ptitioufly obtained by a fraud in numbering the Votes, refolve i upon A'Difcourfe cottcernitig the upon another AfTtmbly at S. Germans^ where was made that famous and much Celebrated EdiCl ofjanmry^ whereby the Protedants are permitted to alTemble at Sermons fo it ' be out of any City i and the Magiftratcs commanded not ' to moleft, but protedi and defend them from all injury ' and theProteftants that they fhould hold no Synod or Con- ' fiftories, unlefs the Magiftrate firft called was prefent, their ' Pallors fliould engage to obferve the Editft, to teach the * people the pure word of God, and nothing contrary to ' the Nicene Councel, the Creed, and the books of the Old * and New Teftament, and that both fides fhould abflain * from all reproachful words, fpeeches and books againft one ' another: and when the Senate interceded againft the pro- mulgation of the Edi(3:, a mandate was fent out to them to promulgate it without further delay, which being again and again reiterated, they at laft obeyed. The Guifes, the Con- liable and others of their party, in the mean time leaving the Conrt, contrive to hinder the Execution of it, and oppofe the Hugonot Fa(3:ion, as they call it, not doubting, (but having, by the Arts aforefaid gotten Navarre to their pat- ty ) to obtain their defites. And firft they endeavour to injinuate into the Lutheran Princes of Germany, and if pof- fible to engage them againft the Proteftants of France ( who in a point or two, wherein Luther and Calvin differed, in- dine rather to Calvins opinion) or at leaft to render them more flack in affording them their aftiftance. Then after a three days fecret confultation with the Duke of U^itenherg to this purpofe at Zabern^ to which they had invited him, and an out ragious wo/e«ce committed in the way by the Duke of Guife his company upon an Affembly of the Proteftants at Vaffy^ met to hear a Sermon, whereof fixty men and women, were by them flain, and above two hundred more wounded, the Duke with a great retinue fpeedily repairs to Paris ^ in an infolent manner, without any refpetS to the King by the way, and contrary to the Queens exprejs mil and pleafure j and not contented to go the nearer way by S. Martins, he goes about with his at- tcndants, Original of the Powder Plot. tendanfs, being accompanied by tlio Conftable, ihe Duke of Aumik his brother, and the Marefhil of S. Andre^ and e«t£rj by 5". Denis gate (by which the Kings of France in Royal State are ufed to make their entrance to that Metropolis of the KingdomjJ being met by di- vers of the Magiftrates of the City j with the acclamations of the Rabble, in fuch fort as is ufed by the people to their Kings. Hereupon the jQueen after divers other in- folencies of this party, fearing that under pretext of af- ferting the Catholick Religio*, they would ufurp the Su- pretre Power of the Kingdom, and get into-their hands the King, her felf, and other Children, Sha commendt ally and the rvhole Kingdam to the Care of the Prince of Conde ?• the next Prince of the blood, and earneilly and frequent- ly importunes his afliftance, to ftop the proceeding of the Confederates, But they, who upon longer Confulta- tion had made fufficient preparation for what they in- tended, eafily prevented him: and having exafperated the people with feigned rumours from all the Provinces of the Kingdom, of pretended injuries done to the Catholicks by the Protellants (an Artifice wherein the Cardinal of Lorain s greateft skill confifted,) the Duke draws out a patty, and at Fomtain-bleau feifeth upon the King, whom with the Queen and Her other Children, they carry by force to Paris, the King weeping to fee himfelf his mo- ther and brothers carried as it were into Captivity. The Queen the fame day they were feifed, renued her importU' nity to Conde, defiring him not to abate his courage or neglet^ his care for the prefetvation of the Crown, or fu&r their enemies to arrogate to themfelves the abfolute Power in the Government. The Confederates on the other fide being come to Paris with the young King and the Queen ( having in the morning, by a patty led by the Conftable, fired one of the places without the Gates whera the Proteftants aifembled to Prayers and Sermons, and in the afternoon another, whereby alfo the neigh- bout buildings were confumed, and permitted licence to i 2 the 70 A Difcourfe concerning the the Rabble to abufe and injure thofe they fufpeded fhr their Religion ) held frequent Confultations how beft to Order their affairs for their own advantage. ' In which Counfels the Duke of Guife openly declared that he * thought it moft expedient to proceed to a War with * the Hugonots, fo to extinguifh the fire, before it burft * out into a confuming flame, and to take away the root ' of that growing evil, Thus was the firji Civil War be- gmi, the Confederates pretending the Authority of the King and Queen Regent, whom they had by force gotten into their power \ and the Prince alledging the exprefs Authority of the Regent, and that the Orders fent out in the Kings Name againft him, were by the Confederates obtained by force and dures. This I have related the more largely, becaufe hitherto the Proteftants had been oncly pallive, that, fincc now they had engaged in A(^- on, as many of them did in this fervice of the Prince, it may the better appear upon what grounds they did A which was not upon pretenfe of Religion, though no doubt that was a great motive to them, but for de- fence of the Laws, and for the Liberty of their Prince and Lawful Governour, and againft thofe who did afpire not to the Regency onely, but to the Crown and King- dom it felf, by a long train of policies and violent Ciu- cities. But this War was rather (harp than long, which, befides the flaughter of eight thoufand men in one battel at DrcHX, befides great bloodfhed and mifchief in many other places, was in fhort time the deftrutiiion of two of the principal Authors of it, Navarre and He was (hot returning from G«t/e being both ftiin i and the Conftable the Camp to his Quarters by fujviving Triumvir being taken Pri- who being taken, up- ^ L ° . j • r n j on his examination faid lie thereupon an Accomodattm followed was imployed by Co/m»r and without difficulty, upon thefe Conditions exhorted to it by but among others j ' That all free Lords, not being brought to the rack he « holding of any but the-Crown, might Sng Sjr perfcvered^^hi ' within their JurifdicSfions freely exercife the his denyal^oithc laftybut 'Reformed Religion> that the other.Feuda-> ' taries concerning Colinius, being brought to execution , and with the terrour of his ap- proaching execution being be- Jides himfelf, he one while affirmed and another while denyed it. Colinius and Be- \CL, calling God to witnefs, utterly denyed it, and Co- linius wrote to the Queen, that before his execution, the bufinefs might be fur- ther examined; but he was in few days after executed. Jhuanus, lib, 34. But was it really fo, Who employed and exhorted Parry, not againA a Commander of an Army, but againA his Prince ? who Lo- pe\ ? ^o fo many more a- ' taries might do the fame in their own hou- 'fes, for their tiwn families, provided they ' lived not in f any City or Town [ where 'the Courts refided]. That in every Pro- ' vince certain Cities Ihould be appointed, in ' the Fauxbttrg whereof the ProteAants might ' Aflemble at their Devotion. That in all ' other Cities and Towns, every one fhould ' live free in his Confcience without trouble ' or moleAation. That all fhotild have full ' Pardon for all Delinquences committed du- 'ring, or by occafion of the War; de- ' daring all to be done to a good end, with- • out any offence to the Royal Majefty, and ' all be refiored to their places, &c. And thefe and the reft were ratified in Counfel by an EditS of Pacification under the Kings Queen Eli^iabcth ? who own hand and Seal, verified in Parliament to murther and Proclaimed by found, of Trumpet, in March i5^r which had they been honeftly and juftly obferved, might by Gods blefEng, have been a means of much peace and hap- pinefs to that Kingdom; but we find the contrary as to the Obfervance, and there- fore no wonder it the contrary alfo to fo jorj jnrifdiiiioni, ngia excipt, hopeful and happy confequence and iffue of fubfunt. it. For no fooner was this War concluded upon this Edid of Pacification, ratified with all the for- malities and folemnities ufed for the eftablifhing and con- firming of Laws in France, but the Edm began prefently to be violated, the Proteftanfs in divers places, both di- ftur^d in their Religious Affemblies, which this and other Laws allowed them to hold, and injured in their Civil Rights, and in divers manners frequently and grievoufly oppreffed, and that not onely by concourses and ajfauUs of the vulgar and Kabble, who, having no pretence of Au~ thority, were many times with like force repulfed by the others; Hinry the third of Fra>fce ? who Jo. Chafiel tc murther Hfsry the fourth.? To mention no more. f So Vavila, but Thuanus, lib. 35. modo ne in pagis out municifiis babitent, quie ma- i j. !■" !" ■ *!■' » • » . ) •' i ■ » ; i; ~ y2 A Difcottrfe coftcernwg the 7hn.!.^^,^6, Others, but even by the Prefidcnts of the Provinces and 37> 39- other Magifitates, whofe duty it was to have feen the Laws juftly obferved , but did the quite contrary , and that not only by connivance at the exorbitances of the vulgar, but alfo by their otrn a3ual iniquity , and C that no parr or 37» kind of injuftice might be wanting) both by force and vio- lence^ and alfo by fraud y by breach of faith, by fubornation of Tlu. I. 39. reitneffes, by falfe calumniations. By which means and fuch like arts, together with the mediation of their potent friends at Court, the pajjionate young King being before pre]udictd by the Arts of the Guifian fadion, efpecially the Cardinal of Lorain, and further incenfed by the Legate of Spain, the Pope and Savoy, who, notwithhanding the late Edidt, urged him to baniih and otherwife punifli the Proteftants, and revoke the Liberty granted by it to them, they eafily obtained that the Complaints of the Protejiants, which were dayly brought to the King, were anteverted, and cither totally rejeCled or eluded, and the perfons employ' ed to exhibit the fame ordinardy fo difcountenanced and difcouraged, that they were forced to return without any effedf, if not imprifoned, and for the greatefl violences and enormities, even murther it feif (by which as fome write not fo few as three thoufand had perifhed fince the Edift of pacification^ could obtain no remedy or redrefs. And of this many plain and notable examples and proofs niight be 35,3^, produced out of our Noble Excellent Hiftorian,, were it not too long to do it. We might inftance in that notable prafticeof the Bifhop of Pamiers, which gave the firft 00- cafion of that very tumult, which that fmooth Italian Davila mentions, and while he exaggerates the anions of the Proteftants in it, with no little partiality conceals the firft and true occafion of it •, but perhaps being a Courtier, he relates it and other fuch paffages, as they were then, by the Artifices and means above mentioned, rcprefented at the Court. Nor was the Royal Authority abus'd to concur in this Iniquity and Injuftice only by connivence and permifEon of thefe things thus done by the Kings Minifters and Officers in Original of the Poroder Plot, 73 in fraud and violation of the Agreement of Pcaee and the Edic^: made in Confirmation of it, but alfo to give further occafion and countenance to it by divers franduhnt and elw fory Interpretationt of the EdiQ. By which means, whiles it feems, it was thought too grofs plainly and diredfly to re- voke it, they did notwithttanding indiretftly elude its ef- fed: and the benefit expeded by it; in fuch (brt, that had the Proteflants been of thofe pernitious principles, that their adverfaries indeed were, and endeavoured to reprefent them to be, the moft fubtile and malitious enemies of that Kingdom could not have deviled and promoted a more ef- fedual means and method of its confulion and ruine. And the truth is this was it, which the principal Authors and Fomenters of thofe courfes, the Guifei at home and the Spamardt^2}ato^d, aimed at, and bythefe means in conclu- fion to tiiake themfelves Mafler of it. Which though at that time not fe> vifible to every one, yet was afterwards very apparent. The Pope alfo, becaufe France flood too much upon their Liberties and Priviledges, being a well wiflier to their defigns, efpecially of Guife, though not fo much of Spain, as not defiring fo potent a Neighbour. But all thefe oppreflions and Injuries though they provoked fome little tumults of the vulgar, yet were they not fufficient to produce and neceffitate another Civil War, which not only the Spaniard defired, as well for his own fecurity to divert a War from himfelf, as in order to his further defigns, but alio the Cardinal of Lorain, his Nephews now growing up, though his brother the Duke was flain» and therefore befides thefe, other means were thought on to do that at leaft, if they fliould fail to make way for their ends, by taking off thofe who moft flood in their way. And to this purpofe, befides fame lejfer Confederacies for an irreconcilable war againfl the Proteflants, there was a Confpiracy, which was begun irvdeed by the lyuk^. of Guife in his life time, but renued again and carried on by the fame faction, a>ith the King ofSpainfot the cutting off of thofe of the Nobility who favored the Proteftantdoctrine, and particularly for furpri- fing t 74 A Difcourfe concerning the fing the Qtieen of ISfavjrre and her Children, ( the next heirs to the Crown of France after the familie of Valois^ ) who were all children and in their power already) and clapping them into the Spanilh Inquifition. But this being difcover- ed by the Queen of Spain in receit to her mother the Queen mother of France^ who eafily perceived what was aimed at, and by others to the Queen of Navarre , and fo prevented i the Legates of Spain, the Pope and Savoy weie by the means of the Cardinal of Lorain, fent to perfwade the King to admit the Councel of I'rent in France, and to that end to invite him to a Confultation of the Catholick^ Frinces at Nancie in Lorain, to enter into a Holy League for the extirpation of the Hereticks, but the Queen mother net- ther liking the admllfion of the Councel, nor to engage fo openly againft the Protcftanis, the Legates were under fome other prctenfes difmilTed. Wherefore the next year, the King being declared out of his Minority, and with his Mother making a progrefs through all parts of the King- dom, an Enterview between them and the Queen of Spain accompanied with the Duke of Alva is fo ordered ^ , that a more fecret Confultation is held at Bayonne for the extirpation of the hereticks, and a Holy League made be- '[bu. /. 37. tween the two Crowns for mutual alliftance to that end, and ' at laji it is concluded according to the opinion of Alva, ' rrhich be faid was the judgement of King Philip , to cutoff ' the chief heads of the Froteftants and then in imitation of * 30.Wtfr.Ti81 ' the ^ Sicilian Vejpers to Jlaughter all the Frotejiants to the When the ' Ynsn : and becaufe the intended Affembly at Moulins at^an^inOant" ' ^suld be heft to makg a without diftin-Nobility affembling there from all parts, ftion of age or ' and upon a fign given to exterminate the reji through out fex cruelly t France' This Thuanus relates from Jo. Bapt. Hadrianus, as^wr^the' wrote his hiftory with very great fidelity and Ptfmherein Prudence, and, as is very likely, extraded many things England rSo. from the Commentaries of the Duke of Tufcany [^father years before to the Qjeen Mother;] Bat) as he further ichtcs,either be- piat. fjQf fffigf there, or that f:r fome other caufe it Original of the Vevader Plot: '75 it feetned unfeafomhle, that huinefs xvas deferred to another time, and vpas[evenyears after, as veas then continued, put inexecu^ tion at Paris at a more convenient place and occafion- But from this time the Prince of Conde and the Colinies being admonijhed, by their friends at Court of theje bloody Counfels, and thereupon fufpitious of the Court deftgns, were more cautious and wary. Yet was Colinius at the Aflembly at Moulins in January fol- lowing, and there by folemn Oath purged himfelf of the death.of the Duke of Guife't and pollibly might then make fome further difcovery into thefe fecrct counfels i,which, if as is faid, they were at firft defigned to be put in execution there, feem by the fucceeding Hiftory to have been deferred for want of fufficient Forces ready, and of fit inftrumenf. For afterward, by the advice cf /4lva, 6000 Swiffers were r/;«./. 41, hired, and levies of Souldiers made in Champain and Picardy, under pretence of guarding the Frontiers againft Alva. But this pretence quickly vanifhed by Alva's withdrawing from thofc parts, fas it was afterwards more fully deteded of fraud and collufion, by his fending them Forces in the War foon after following); neverthelefs the Swiffers were flill re- tained. 43. Whereupon, all very well knowing that there waS a bet- xhn. l.\i. ter accord between the Courts of France and Spain, efpecially fince the enterview at Bayonne, than that there needed any fuch Guards, the Prince of Conde, Colinius, Andetot his Bro- ther, and the reft of the Protejiant Nobility and Gentry, began to be very fenjible of their near approaching danger of mine ■, and, after a long patience under Slaughters, Binilhments, Ca- lumnies, lofs of their Eftates and Fortunes, to confult together what coutfe might be taken for the fafcty and prefervation not only of their eftates and liberties, but of the lives of themfelves, and their vyives and children. They had feen and felt the Edidls made on their behalf, partly eluded by the interpietations of n^w Ediths and Profcripts, partly violated by the malice and iniquity of Judges and Prefidents of the Provinces; injuries and mifchiefs every where done to them, and even the murthers of no fmall number connived at, and permitted to go unpunifhed. And befides all this, they had K certain ui Difcourfe concerning the, certain intelligence of thofe fecret confuhations held for their deftruho tvcre indeed nocent i leji by an ill defence of agoodcaufe they Jhould defertthat Equity or Juficervhich had hitherto flood on their part: till by the difcourfe of Andelot, a perfon of great authority among the Peers, and befides of known probity and virtue, they were perfwaded, that after fo often breach of Faith by their adverfaries, there was no further truft to be given to them j and for the ca- lumnies and danders which (hould be cad upon them, the if- fue of their fo necelTary undertakings, if it pleafed God to blefs them in fo juft a caufe, would fufticiently clear them. Up- on which they changed their refolutions,and agreed to tak^ up Arms for their own defence j which accordingly they did, to the no little joy of the Cardinal of Lorain, that the budnefs was brought to the neceflity of a War, which, after feveral in- Cardinal! Lo- clfeiftual treaties for an accommodation, (hortly enfued. And ihefe were the true caufes and occafions of the jecond Civil tmded^a'm War -, which after many Noblemen and Gentlemen of both gaudens, fays fides dain at the Battel of St. and among them the Con- Thuanas-, and ftable, Cthe lad of the Triumvirate, and a principal Author ? of the late oppreflions, at lead by protedfing the adlors in x,^r°as them from ]u(iice) and fome other adts of Hodility was about confilUs fais fix moneths after it began, by a fraudulent peace rather inter- opportunas ex- mitted than concluded: for about fix moneths after it broke out again, upon the like caufes and occafions. 44. In the mean time, that we may note it by the way, Philip King of Spain, z principal promoter and inventcr of thofe opprelfions and troubles to his neighbours, efcaped not a remarkable judgment of God upon him: tor at this fame time, his tldefl, and then only fon, Prince Charles, defigncd to kill K 2 him •, 78 A Diftonrfe concermngthe him ; or at leaft he thought fo \ or however fufpetSUng that he favoured the Pioteliants in the Low-Countreys, or for feme other reafon, pretended fo» and therefore caufed him to be taken out of his bed in the night, and committed to cuftody. Whereupon the young Prince falling diliradfed, and often attempting to kill himfclf, he was, at lall, by Fhilip his Fathers own command, having fitft confulted with the In- quifition, poyfoned. Few months after, for/-whonn he had employed in thofe bloudy confuUations at the enter- view at Bayontie, died great with child, and not without fuf- pition of poifon by his own means, being, as was thought, jealous and fufpitious of her too much familiarity with his own fon, whom he had not long before thus murthered. And in her, who was the eldeft daughter ot Hen.2, of France., mar- ried at the time of his death, as hath been faid, and in this late confultation in France profecuting his cruelties, and fo by her own adf.contradfing a participation of his guilt, we may take notice of the divine vengeance purfuing his pofterity. Nor was this divine vengeance upon King Fhilif thus remar- kable only in thofe his donie^ick. troubles, but alto in the CivH Commotions both in the Low-Countreys, which by his bloudy confultati. ns with the Inquifition (thejuft judgment of God giving him up to be infatuated by them and the Jefuites) and the the cruelties of ^/:/«, the fame infirument whom he had employed to raife thofe troubles in France, and now made Go* vtrnor of the Low-Countreys, produced there i when he thought all things fo fafe and fecure, as that he might be at leifurcto afiih in the troubles which he had raifed in France: and befidcs thefe (which as they at prefent afflitSed him, lo afterward produced his lofs of a great part of thofe Coun- Thu, I. 43. treys; in thofe Corr.motions even in Spain it felf,hy the Moors in Granada, which for two years daring thofe wars which he had caufed in France, mide him feel the fmart at home of fuch commotions and troubles as he had procured to others abroad. And by thefe means, as on the one fide his perni- tious counlcls were jufily punifhed, fo on the other was he diverted from profecuting the fame, by fending thole Forces againft the Protcftants in France, which otherwife he had un- doubtedly ' - -- ■ Original of the Tovpder Tlot, 79 doubfedfly done. And to (hefe might be added his lofs yg^ Goleita in Africa^ (aft, 1574O ^nd with it the Kingdom of Tmis^ Cwhich concerned him in point of fafety and fecurity for navigation, as well as of reputation,) but that forae few years intervene. 45. But to return to France-, the IFar, after fix months in^ fcrmilljon, upon the like caufes and occafions, breaking out again, like dileafis upon a relapfe, was both more violent, and of longer continuance. Yet the counfels of the Qjeen- mother prevailing, who according to the genius and mode of her Country, fought all along rather by her Italian arts and furprizes to compafs her ends, than by the hazard of a Civil War, which Spain and the Guifes mod defired,as beft accom- raodate to their defigns, it was within the compafs of two years brought to conclufion, upon fuch conditions granted to the 1^'*' ^ 47»"' Proteftarits, as were fo much more fair and reafonable, by how much with greater fraud and deep dtfign to enfnare them, they were granted v and yet fo qualified aifH limited, as not to give caufe of fufpjtion by too great indulgence. And now the King was grown up to a capacity of deriving upon himfelf his Fathers guilt, and the guilt of all thole murthers and cruelties aded indeed under his authority, but yet iA his minority, by his own adual and voluntary manage- ment of affairs for the future •, whereunto he was in no mean degree difpofcd both by hir natural temper and difpofition, and by his education: by nature beyond meafure cholerick, fays Davila, and yet had from his Mother derived fo great a lhare of the Italian genius of deep and fubtil diffimulation, as did m,ofi notably qualifie him for the mod elTedlual exe- cution of malice and revenge. Nor was his Education lels accommodate thereunto, having from his childhood been in- ured to the elFufion of his peoples bloodfor which purpofe, as was faid, it was that he and his brothers, while yet chil- dren, were by the Duke of Guife caufed to be fpedfators of the flaughters at Atnhoife, where the River was covered with ^ha. 1.14^ the dead bodies, and the llreets with the bloud of thofe who by precipitate condemnations without due procefs of Law, were executed and llaughtcred, and the whole Town turned into ftS', i-'r; ■fi' ■5' M 8o A Difcourfe conuYning the into a kind of grove of Gallowfes and Gibbets, with people hanged on them : he was arrived to the age of twenty years and upwards in the midft of Tumults, Oppreffions, and Ci- vil Warsj had imbibed as great a a prejudice againft the Proteftantr, as all the arts and calumnies of the Cardinal of Lor^i« and that Fadion could infufe into him i and that incenfed by the fouleft mif-reprefentations of the lateadions of the Protedants that could be devifed , and by his Mother was inflruded in all the Italian arts of Government and Po- thu. /. so. jij-y Qptiraif a mjtre ad bene reSteq'y regnandum monitu infiru • £r«x,rays he of himfelf. Being thus qualified for it, he now of himfelf undertakes the execution of the concluftons at Bayonne v and refolving to profecute the fame, not after the Guifian and Spanifh methods by the continuance of the Civil War, but by the more fubtil and fafe Italian method of his Mother, Thu. I. Cti- $o. Jiit firji huflnefr is to beget in the Troiefiants an opinion and hope, that fince he was now grown up to take the reins of Governm^t into his own hands, they might henceforth ex- ped to find more reafbnable and moderate ufage under his Government, than they had received frorti them who had abufed his tender years to injure and opprefs them i and to raife in them confidence and ajfurance of his favourable difpo- fition towards them. And therefore, having granted them T^u. I. JO. 51. as fait conditions of Peace, as without danger of fufpitionof his too great favour he could, he fpeedily takes order for the eflfedual reftraining and repreffing of the injuries and op- preflions which were prefently after the peace concluded be- gun again againft the Proteftants, and gives them leave to call and hold Synods : fby which means, had he dealt (in- cerely, and proceeded foberly and fteadily therein, he might certainly much better have fecured the peace and happinefs of his Kingdoms to himfelf and his fuccelTors, than he did by thofe contrary, crafty, and violent courfes which he follow- ed) with the chief of the Proteftant Princes and Nobility he deals more particularly. He had even at the treaty of Peace caufed fome fpeeches to be given out, as if upon the conclu- thu.L'^q.^ fion of that Peace at home, he intended a War in the Low- Countreys againft the Spaniard, which could not but have been Original of the Povpder Plot. 8i ■ been for the benefit and advantage of the Proteftants there: And (hortly after upon another occafion caufes the like fpee- thu. I. 50. ches to be repeated again, and a motion by the by to be made infecretof a Marriage between the Lady/VTirrgare# his Sifter and Henry Prince of Navar. Of both which there is again a propofition made by fome Froteftant Gentlemen fent by the King to Navar and Colinius for that purpofe, and to affure them of the Kings extraordinary good will towards them, and to invite them to come to Court, which the King alfo by letters and other fpecial melTengers earneftly follicited. And to create a further confidence and afiurance in them and the /. 50, reft of the Proteftant Nobility of his fincetity, he caufes an overture of a Marriage to be made to Queen "Elizabeth of England^ between, her and his brother the Duke of Anjou, and moreover enters into a League with her, and at the fame time alfo with the Proteftant Princes of Germany zg3\n&. the Spaniard. And having by thefe arts at laft prevailed with Navar and Colinius to come to Court i with the Prince he proceeds in the treaty of Marriage j and Colinius is received with all the expreffions of favour and kindnefs imaginable ; he confults with him how to carry on the Belgick^ War, gives him leave to taife what Forces he will in the frontiers in or- der to it i and in fo great favour is Colinius received at Comt by the King, his Mother, and Brothers, that the Guifes forfooth are fo offended at it, as thereupon to leave the Court. In fu«f, fuch were the arts and deep difiimulation which were ufed, as efFc(9"ually deceived this prudent perfon, and a great part of the Nobility i and fuch was the King's care of fecre- cy, andto whom his defigns were imparted, that asfoon as he perceived that Ligneroles (who yet was his brother the Duke of Anjous confident) was but acquainted with the defign, he prefently caufed him to be murchered. The ma- nagemcnt of this firft bufinefs having fucceeded according to the King's mind,t)be next thing to be confidered, is the manner boxvto accomflijh the defign. And of this he holds a confiul- 7^^./ ratiew with the Queen hcs Mother, his brother Duke of Anjiu,(wbo was afterward Henry 3.} the Cardinal of Xo- raw, C/a«4 his Brother Duke ot Aumale, Henry the young Duke 82 A Dtfcourfe concerning the * Duke of and Ren. Vice Chancellor, an d fcm 51. others. This done away, goes the Cardinal to Rowj, to treat Va.p. 361. with the Pope about thefe fecret Counfels i and to manage the prefent affairs with more fecrecy, he goes feemingly as difcontcntcd at the Court of France. At laft the Marriage concluded, and the Pope's difpenfation obtained, the time of folemnity is appointed i whereunto, befides the principal cambd.an. Nobility of theProteftant Religion in France, from England '572- is invited the Earl of Leicejler 3nd the Lord Burleigh, and out of Germany the Prince Eledlor Palatine's Sons, that if it were pollible they might at once cut off all the heads of the Proteflant Religion. For now in conclufion is put in execu- tion that horrible Majfacre, which for the matter was as long fince as the enterview at Bayonne refolved on, though for the manner and method of execution not till of late fully con- Dii. p. 363. eluded. And firft they begin with the Queen of Navar, rhu.l.^i. being a woman and a Qjeen, they thought fit- teft to take her away by poifon, and that fo prepared and ad- miniftred by the perfume of a pair of gloves, as to work on- ly upon her brain, and put her into a fevor, and therefore her body being differed in open view, but her head under co- lour ofrefpetS: untouched, it was divulged, that by the tefti- mony of skilful Phyfitians (he died of a fevor, as Vaiila re- lates the flory. The next tobe made fureof in particular was that brave perfon Coliniut, a man who, though through necelEty ingaged in them, yet detected, out of an innate ha- tred of fuch broils, the late Civil Wars even to his own ruinc and deftrudjion at laft, as 'Fhuanus upon feveral occafions often notes, and as real a well-wither of his King and Countreys good as any Subjet^ in France, as appeared more fully in fome inflances difcovered after his death. But the King and Queen-mot her by the arts of the Guifian Faftion being pre- pofftfTedof a contrary opinion of him, after all their frau- dulentexprefiions of favour to him,caufed him to be (hot by p^:;. 367J a retainer of the Guifian Family, to fecurc themfelves from the imputation of fo odious a fad:i but being thereby only maimed, not killed out-right, they prefently according to their former diftimulations, repair to his lodgings to vifit him, and original of the Vowder Plot: S3 'and with great (hew of forrow for the accident, appoint him Phyfitians and Chinirgeons, and a guard for his defence, and order a (iridt fearch for the apprehenlion of the affaflne. This done upon the eve of St. Bartholomew being Sunday, the Duke of Guife by order from the King, having about twilight given diredfion to the Provoft des Marchand (the chief head of the people of ParisJ to provide 2000 armed inenj with every one a white fleeve on their left arm, and white crolTes in their hats, to be ready upon notice in- ffantly to execute the Kings commands, and that the Sheriffs of the feveral Wards (hould alfo be ready, and caufe lights, upon the ringing of the bell of the Palace-clock, to be fet up in every window j himfelf at the hour prefixed, with the Duke of Aumale, and Moniieur d'Angoulefme the King's baftard-Brother, and other Commanders and Souldiers to the number of 300, went to the Admiral Colinius his houft, and having forcibly entred the Court-gate kept by a»few of the King of Navar's Halbardiers and the fervants of the ' houfe, who were all killed without mercy, they likewife kill the Admiral himfelf, (and threw his body out of the win- dow), Felinius his fon-in-law, with other perfons of quality, and all the refi that had relation to him. This done, Ivlon- fieur d'O,"Colonel of the King's Guards calls out the prin- cipal Proteftants that were in the Louvre one by one, who be- ing come into the Court, were all killed by the Souldie'rs, that flood in two long ranks with their arms ready for "that pur- pofe : there died divers Noblemen and perfons of great qua- lity, and others to the number of 200. At the fame time the bell gave the fign-,3.ni thok who vocre prepared for the deed, having received order what to do, fell a killing the Prote- flants throughout all the lodgings and houfes where they were difperfed,and made an infinite (laughter of them with- "outanydittindiionof age, fex or condition, and of many of the Papifts among the reft, hni thofe who fled weve purfued by the Duke of Guife with a great many horfe and foot, and being overtaken, fome without (hooes, fome without faddles, fome without bridles, but all more or lefs unprovided, were fcattered and cut off. There were killed in the City that day L and i' '.n t : 1^: .'H r- ySif. fv V i! I 4 ' 'k III 1 J jbifcourfe conmmng the and far his predcceffors were concerned,tn the contrivance-and frmottonef it,in regard of the great fecrecy wherewith all was managed, would be very difficult fully to difcover, as to all the particulars and circumftances, yet that they had a great hand in it,'i5 evident enough in many paffages of the ftory. For when aftdr the firft'Civil War, the King, inftru- died by the Quedi-Mother, had difmiffed the Ambaffidors ' ' fent in the joynt names of the King of Spain, the Pope and the Duke of Savoy, with thanks to their Maflets for their wholfom counfel, and proffers of Forces and Aid, to expel and extirpate Herefy out of his Dominions > affuring them that he would live according to the rites of the Church of Rome, and take care that all his people do the like, and that he had concluded the peace to that end, to expel his enemies out of his Kingdom i and promifing by Minifters of his • own to acquaint the Pope and other Princes particularly with L 2 his A Difeourfe concerning the his refolutionsi they refolved under pretence of aProgrefs^ Pa 190.' among other things, to come to a Patly with the Duke of Savoy in Dolphine, with the Pope's Minitiers at Avignon, and with the King of Spain or the Qjeen his Wife upon the Confines of Guienna, that fo they might communicate their CQunfels to them without the hazard of trufting French-men, who either through dependence or kindred, might be moved to reveal them to the Proteftants. And having fufficiently informed and fully fatisfied Savoy with their intentions and sa.p, 194. way,defigned to free themfelves without noife or danger fronj the trouble of the Proteftants s at Avignon they confer mth LuJovico Antinori one of the Pope^s trujiy Minijlers, and a F'orentine, being according to the Queens defire come thi- ther, and give that Anfwer to the Pope's Embafly which they would not truftto the Ambaffadors, concerning their purpofe to extirpate Calvinifm by fecret ftratagems, without the danger ojc tumult of new wars. And here, no doubt was 31?. fome matters of no (mall moment ttanfa<3:ed, for the King having gone by Aries and Aix as far as Marfeilles, returned again to Avignon immediately under the Pope's Jurifdiftion. But what-ever they were in particular, fo well it feems was the Pope pleafed with the means and method lefolved upon 194. for the extirpation of Calvinifm, that in order thereunto he confented that the Publication of the Council of Trent in France fhould be deferred till fuch time as they had brought their defigns to maturity. And probably for the fame pur- ? pnfe, by the mediation of the King and Queen-Mother," de- fined from his Excommunication of the Queen of Navar, which by his Monitory he had threatned,«gainft her. And at hrs inftance was the next year held that Confultation at 7bu. Bayonne before mentioned, at which he dtfired that the King of Spain himfelf fhould have been prefent, to whom it is not to be doubted but he fent his advice concerning what was there to be refolved. But this Pope dying foon after, his fuc- ciffoi Pius 5. being as yet unacquainted with the royfiery of them, began prefently to be offended with the proceedings in Pa. p. 110, ^ France, till he was better informed of all thofe reafpns which Ludovico Antenorihad reprcfented to his predece^or, with which Original of the Towder Vlot. 8/ which he remained fully content and fatisfied, fays "Davila. The Qaeen alfo acquxinted him with her Ccunfcls, not only Thu, I. 53. by Cardinal Sanfta Crux, four years before they were exc- cutedat Paris, by him deliring the Pope's confirmation, but alfo by letters under her own hand, as Capilupus teftifies, who faith that he had feen the very letters themfelves. Nor was he only privy to thefe Counfels of the King and Queen- Mother, but likewife communicated his counfel and advice in the fame bufinefs to them. He fent to the King of France and his Minijiers moji excellent inftruUions for the rooting out 1 of thofe Hereticks out of that Kingdom,hys Cicarella, but tells us not what they were, yet that is not hard to guefs at from the consideration of his nature and anions, Cashath been mentioned before) as well difpofed to promote cruel and bloudy defigns as could be. And when thoSe Civil WarSj which for the fpace of three years interrupted the courfe of thofe Italian policies and ftratagems, broke out, he ordered them alfo the affiftance of his Forces. But when the War was concluded, and the King with his Mother and Cabinet- Council, had refolved to make a Marriage between the young Prince of Navar^ being now grown up, and the King's Sifter, to be the train to draw the Proteftint party into that fnare which had been fo long before devifed, the Pope not yet ac- quainted with this circumftance, (Tor though the thing which was to be done had been long refolved on, yet the method and manner how to bring it about, was often altered, as accidents and occafionsdid intervene J when he heard of the treaty of the Marriage, but had not notice of the myftery of it, and moreover heard of the preparations for a War againft Spain j he began 60 be fufpitious that the King had forgotten his for- mer kindnefs and excellent inftru(9:ions,and therefore ordered his Nephew Cardinal Alexandrine in his return from Spaing fo debate the bufinefs with him. Whereupon the King af- furcd him that he did all this to obey the inftrudf ions of PJ Pius. But P. Pius lived not to receive this* fatisf3(^ion, ot Catena in vita 1 not long after, not to fee that joyful day which his fuccelTot Greg. 13. did, and kept with great joy ajid folemnity for the wilhed fuccefs of thefe Counfels. For.the promctingwhcre-' of, n Ci , ■'! ■ ill: iti il'i ti' li 88 vn. p. 3^1; Anfwer to VhiUnax p. 100. Tou. I. 53. In Minerva ade. jn Hadiiani woLe. iinreos. A Difcourfe concernwg the of, being perfwaded by the Cardinal of Lorain, ("and (old that this Marriage was intended as a trap to dcftioy the Prince of Navar and his Proteftint party^ he prefently gave his difpetifation for the celebrating of it, and encouraged the defign : which was as much as he could do at prefent, things being already ripe for execution. But having^eceived an ac- count of the Maffacte by letters from his Legate at Pari?, he read his Letters in the Conjijhry of Cardinals, where prefent- ly it was decreed that they (hould all go diredily thence to St. Marks, and there foleranly give thanks to Almighty God for fo great a blelfing conferred upon the Roman See and the Chriftian world •, and that the Monday following a pub' lic\^'Ibanbsgtidng ihoald be celebrated in the Church of Mi- nerva, and (hat the Pope and Cardinals (hould be at it j and thereupon a Jubilee (hould be publijhed throughout all the whole Chriftian World, and among other caufes thereof ex- preffed, this was the firft, To give thanks to God for the'de- flru£tion in France of the enemies of the Truth, and of the the Church. Toward the evening the Guns were fired it St. Angelo, Bonefires every where made, and nothing omitted of thofe things which ufed to be done upon the greateft vidtories for the Church of Rome. Two dates after there was a Prv- cffJioKto St. Letris, with very great refort of the Nobility and peoplci the Bi(hops and Cardinals going before i then the Switzers > then the EmbalTadors of Rings and Princes i then under a Canopy the Pope himfelf, a Deacon Cardinal on either fide him, and the Emperors Ambaifador bearing up his train,i«nd a troop of Knights and Gentlemen following. Being come to the Church, which was adorned with more than ordinary magnificence, Mafs was faid by the Cardinal of Lorain, Cwhofor the incredible joy which he conceived for the fo much defired news,had ordered a thoufand'*' Franks to be given to the MelTenger, who was a Gentleman fcnt by bis Brother the Duke of Aumale^. Upon the Church- doors was fet an Infcription, in which the Cardkial of'Lorain, iri the name of the King of France, did congratulate the Pope and the GoUedge of Cardinals the moft wonderful ef- tc<^s and incredible KTue of their Counfels and Affiftances. This f Original of the Poroder Plot, This done, Cardinal Vtfin is appointed to go Legate into l-'^anoe, who fpeediiy took his journey, and being come as T/;,?./. 54. tar as Lions, (where, next to Paris, was the moft bloudy fljughter) he began to fxto/with many commendations, Faith of the Citizens t and pHblickly praifed Boidon, a moft vile, wicked fellow, who-afterward came to a death worthy of his wicked life,being executed at Clermont, but now was •' > . the ring-leader and principal promoter of the barbarous and horrid daughters and murthcrs committed at Lions', and upon him he alfo, out of the plenitude of his (kgznne) Edeipote- power conferred fome of the Pope's favours and graces. And flatis plenitu- although by the King's Minitters (who were now much dine grati^e be- otheiwife a/fedfed wish the fenfe of the barbarous flaugh- rers of their Country-men, than was the Pope and his Mini- iters) he was admonifhed to be very fober and (paring in his fpecch of the Malfacre, yet could he not hold, but every- where, both in private conference and in publick, to com' mend the Kings prudence and magnanimity in that bufiiefs: and fo full was he of it, that being come to Paris, and en- deavouring to perfwade the King to the admillion of the Council of Trent in France, he urged it with this as a mod weighty argument, fhat the- memo y of the late fall, nhich is to be commended to all ages, as conducing to the glory of God, and the dignity Q-f the holy Koman Church,-might be as it rctre fealed by the approbation of the holy Synod. For fo mould it be manifeji to all, mho mm are, or hereafter (loabl be, that the King confetiud tothe dejhuUion of fo many lives, not out of hatred or revenge, or fenfe of any private injury of his omn, hut out of ■an ardent defire to propagate the glory of God. "that mhat could not he expeiied mhillt the fadinn of the Protejlants jiood, noiv tlsey being tak^n amay, the CathoPtck^ Apojiolic}^ Koman Keliginn, tphicb by the Synod of Frent is cleared and defended from the it- name of the SeElaries, might be ejlablijh d beyond coniroverfie, and without exception, through all the Provinces of the French Vpini- nion. But the King hadjao mind to admit the Council, much dels to malee that an ftccafion to perpetuate the memory of that hde which he was already contriving how to excufe- . And therefore was the Legate diim'ff. d wiihour any cff-d^as , to. el!.'! 1 fit - J T * A DifcoHrfe concerning the fo that particular, to the Pope's no great fatisfa<5Hon » yet he folaced himfelf with atchievement of the Maffacre, which, becaufe it had happened in the beginning of his Papacy, he reckoned a moft profperpus omen, and among his greatelt fe- licities. And to increafe his comfort, the head of Colinius was fent him to Rome for a prefent. 47. But alas, in France., all men generally, and the King himfelf had already far other thought! of that 'tragedy i and the Legate found a far other face of things there at his coming, than he cxpefted, and had left at Rome: for the King now more feniible of the foulnefs and odioufnefs of the fadf, when done, (as is ufual in fuch cafes, the heinoufnefs of fin feldom appearing to wicked minds till adrually com- mitted) was in great perplexity whether to own it or nor, and how to excufe if. And therefore it was long debated at Court, whether to admit the Legate at all, or by feme hand- fome excufes to put him off without audience, though out of rcfpetft to the Pope, and to the perfon of the Legate, thought well affected to the intcreft of France, it was at laft permit- ted, but not without fuch caution and admonition to him as hath been mentioned. For this unhappy King had no fooner accomplifhed thefe deep defigns, from which he promifed himfelf fo great fecurity, content and happinefs,but he found himfelf furprized and involved in inextricable difficulties, perplexity and mifery. And betides the daily fecret horrors of bis mind and confcience, which appeared in their notSurnal efFed:s and produdfions, difiurbingand interrupting his fleep with direful and frightful dreams, which drove him to the ufeof Saul's remedy, by Muflck to refrefh and quiet his di- fiurbed fpirits, that anxiety which arofe in his mind'after the fadt committed, fiom his fears and doubts of what might be the ill confequence of it, was now no lefs than his hopes had been before of that happinefs and tranquility which he had pro- mifcd himfelf that he fhould obtain by if. For though he had before p omifed himfelf great fecurity by the deftrudfion of the heads, and llaughter of fo great- a party of the Prote- Hants, yet having done the deed, that defperation into which he apprehended his perfdious cruelty had driven thofe who re- ntainedj Original of the Totoder Plot, ^ i mained, and by the articles of the lad agreement of Peace held Rochel and other drong places in their poffe/fion, ren- dred them not a little formidable to him, and perplexed his mind with doubts and fears of new troubles from fo jud and great provocation. Thcfe of what might be the con- fequence of this adion at home, were increafed and aggra- vated by his apprehenfion of xfbat efeUi fo barbarous an all Th». I. 53. Cwhich is repcr ed to have filled with dupor and amaze- ment, the Great Turk hirafelf at the hearing of it) might produce in his neighbours abroad^ led they thereby might be moved out of ccmmiferation to (end their aid and relief to his fo injurioufly opprcflTed fubjeds. aUways and means vsete Jiudied and devifed to give fome fatisfaHion to the Protedants at home by treaties and favourable Edids,(though bis former often and foul breaches of his Faith made this ve- ry difficult) and to excufe the foulnefs of the late fad both to them and to the Princes and States abroad. It had batn I <2 confidered before-hand,out of that fenfe and pre-apprehenfion they had of the wickednefs and foulnefs of the defi^n how to cad the imputation of it upon the Guifes, wlio' alfo out of the fame fenfe and pre-apprchenfion endea- voured all they could to avoid the odium of it. And being done, the King immediately, whether affrighted and terrified, fays Thuanus, with the atrocity of the fad, or fear- ing the odium of it, difpatched his Letters to the Prefidents of the Provinces, to/ay all the blame upon the Guifes^ allcdging that it was done without his privity orconfentv that they, fearing that the friends and relations of Colinius would re- venge the injury done to him upon them, had raifed the tu- mult, which he was not able to reprefs in time i with a great deal to this purpofe. And to the fame purpofe were Lette s written by the Queen, and fcnt not only through France, but alfo to the Helvetians, and difperfed through England, and in divers parts of Germany. But as it ufual'y happens upon the perpetration of fuch horrid crimes and wickednefs, that the authors of them diftraded with the horrors of their guilty ponfcience, when they find no fatisfadion or affuranee of fecurity in any courfe they take to conceal or palliate their crime, continually devife and attempt new ways and means, M and A Difcmtrfe concernw^the and by their often change and inconftancy to any, prciipofe t iat difcovery which they feek to evade •, fo it happened in this cafe. For as thefe Letters were difproved by his ex- prefs commands, which, as Vavila relates, he had but few daies before fent out s fo doih he now again in few days after contradi: the fame, and in full Senate declares that all teas done by his oven mil and command^ and orders fo much to be en- trod of record in the publick ads of the Court. And though to the Pope and Spaniard he owned that he did it upon the fcore of Religion, yet knowing that with others, this would not fo much excufe as aggravate and increafe the odium of it, fom;e other caufe was to be devifed and pretended, ^nd therefore firft to extenuate the fad, he pretends that his com- mands extended only to the cutting off of Colinius and his Confederates, which thing being once undertaken, the tumult at Paris proceeded further than he intended, or was able, fo foonashe defired, to reftrain j and that other Cities taking example from thence, did the like without his licenfe, and to his great grief and trouble : and then for the caufe pretends a Confpiracy againft himfelf, his Mother and Brothers, and Nivar himfelt, and to makeConde King, and afterwards to kill him alfo, and fet up Colinius. And though the caufes pretended againft Colinius, in the judgment of the mod pru- dent men, who were not at all addifted to the Proteftant party, fays Thuanus, had not fo much colour of truth as will perfwade even children to believe them, much lefs any fuffi- cient proof s yet to put fome colour upon the bufinefs, a Trial Wis ordered to be had in form of Law i and two days after a Juhili c fas hath been faid) was appointed, and an Edi& pub- lijhed, whcrdnthc King declares, that what had happened was done by his exprefs command, but not out of hatred to the (Proteftant) Religion, or to derogate from the Edidfs of PacificatiSn, which he ftill defired (hould be inviolably and religioufly obferved s but to prevent; the Confpiracy of Co- linius and his Confederates, Sec. and Letter/to like putpofe were fent to the Prefidents of the Provinces, declaring, as was pretended, the TRUE caufes of the tumult, and comman- ding them to treat the Proteftants in all friendly manner,&c. And that nothing might be wanting,, fays Thuanus^ to jhe • height Original of the Votrder Plot: ^ height of madnefs,that they might feem to glory and triumph in fb deteftable an enterprife, in emulatioa of the ancient Em- perors. Medals were coyned with the Infcriptions, VIRTUS IN REBELLEIS & PIETAS EXCITAVIT ]USTIT1- AM. Divers other fuch like arts were ufed to put a face up- on the bufinefs, and make it look like a happy prevention of (bme tertible Confpiracy. But what was the moft detefta- ble of all, by the accumulating of fin upon fin. as is ufual in fuch cafes, was the grofs abufe of Jufiice it felf, whereby the Courts of Jufiice were drawn into the participation of ths guilt, by an horrible and abominable Sentence, not only againjl Colinitts who was dead, but his children who were alive i and 9\(o agi'ind Monfmr de Brif^uemaut, who had fled totheEng- lifii Ambafladors ; and Arnald Cavagnes Mafler of Requefis, who had hid himfelf hard-by with a friend, who admonifh- ed him of the danger, but were both taken and imprif med in the Palace, and the fame day that Sentence was given againft Colinius, were condemned to death, which Cavagnts fuffered with admirable confiancy, reciting Prayers out of the Pfalms by heart, in Latin, for three hours together, with 4iis eyes fleadily fixed towards Heaven : but his companion at firft, affrighted with his approaching death, made an un- worthy offer for the redemption of his life, to difcover a means how to furprixe Rochel > yet afterwards, when the King refufed that condition, but offered him another, which was, that he fhould acknowledg himfelf guilty of the crimes objetSed to him, and confefs before the people that there was a Confpiracy entred into by Colinius againft the King, he re- fufcd that,and chofe rather to fuffcr death, which accordingly he did with Cavagnes. While thefe & fuch like artswere ufed to excufe and difguife the bufinefs at horaei to do it abroad, befides the Queens Letters above-mentioned, were feveral Ambajfadors employed in Helvetia, Germany,England, Poland, and other foreign Countries, where they cither reflded be- fore, or were fent on purpofe for this fervice, and Learned men fuborned and peifwaded to do it by printed Books. But all thefe, not having any certain ground of truth, as a com- raon foundation for all to build upon, while each alledged, not what he did know or believe to be true, but what his own M 2 genius m -A Dtjcourfe concermtfg the genius dilated as mod plaufible and likely to put (bme colour upon the bufinefs; feme -extenuating the faa: as to the King's ading in it s and others on the contrary juftifying the Lmes feme excufing it only by way of recrimination for things done in the late Wars-, and others infilling upon the pr^tpndc d confpiracy of Colinius s were not only confuted by others, whoalfo in print anfwered their writings and fpeeches, btit of themfelves betrayed and detcded the vanity of their feveral pretences and allegations, by their inconfillency and difagreement one with another. The Learned Lawyer Fr. Baldwin was hereunto follicited, but was more ingenuous than to be retained in the patronage of fo foul a caufe; and yet among thofe who undertook this office, befides the Mer- cenaries, were fome perfons other wife of honour and repute, who, becaufe what was done could net be undone, partly to confult the credit of their King and Countrey, partly to ac- commodate the prefent ftate of affairs, endeavoured either by feigned praifes, or officious excufes, to cover and palliate that faci which in their hearts they detefted. And fome were therein fo far tranfported, and over-ffiot themfclves, out of zeal for the honour and good of their Countrey, that our in-» genuous author deplores their actings in it, efpecially as to that foul bufinefs of the Trial and Sentence above-mentioned. But generally the French Courtiers, who were more ingenu- ous than to proffitute their reputation by afferting that piti-" ful pretence of the confpiracy, yet ufed all their art torepre- fcnt the cafe, as a fudden accidental thing, and not fo long be- fore contrived as the Italians and Spaniards relate. 48. It is very ufual and even natural to men, efpecially to the more confideting minds, when any thing rare and extra- ordinary doth occur, not to tefi fatisfied with the bare con- tempiation of the thing, but alfo to reflcd: back, and enquire into the caitfes of it- And therefore fince Thuanus relates that the more prudent of thsfe^ who, being no way addided to the Proteftant party, with good and honeft meaning fought how to excufe this execrable fad, yet in their heart detefling the^ fame, did alfo fetioufly confider the caufes of it, their fenfe snd. judgment in thatrefped may likewife deferve our obfer- vation, Original of the Powder Plot. » 95 vation. They faw apparently that fo infamous and perni- tious counfels could not proceed but from minds fo ftrangely infatuated and blinded, and did feem to argue a fpecial judg- ment of God upon them. And of that, the caufes to which it might be reafonably attributed were very obvious and eafy to be difcovered. For fuch was the profaneneft, debauchery and wickednefs, which prevailing in the King, (through his evil Education by his Mother and thoie Tutors to whom (he committed him) and in the Court, were by the evil example thereof derived to the City, and thence to the Countrey-Towns and Villages, and fo diffufed through the whole Kingdom, as could not but provoke the Holy Majefty of God to fend down his judgments upon them. This is the fum of their judgment, only he gives more particular in- fiances in the fms of common Swearing, Adultery and For- nication, to which others add many more, and tell lis in ge- neral, that then never was there any more vicious oc more corrupted Court. And indeed, thofe were fuch caufes, as, being fo obvious and notorious, no ferious Ghtirtian believing, and inflrudfed in the Sacred Scriptures, but would readily af- fign in the cafe. F'or thus doth St. Paul inform the Ro'- Rom. i.» mans, of fuch as hold the truth in unrighteoufnefs, (and out Romanifis might do well to be admonilhed by it) that be- caufe when they knew God, they glorified him not as God, their foolifii heart was darkened, and he gave them up to the lufts of their own hear»6, to vile affet^ions, and to a repro- bate mind,to do thofe things which are not convenient, being filled with all Injuftice, Fornication, Murder, Deceit, breach of Faith, & c. What-ever be the profeilion which fuch men make of Religion, moft certain it is, that there is either great error and corruption in their Religion, or little fincerity and life in their profeilion, or lafily, fuch impotence in the pro- feffors, that the prevalence of their fenfual afftdlions doth eafily over-power and fafcinate their rcafonwhich argues their defertion by that Sacred Spirit which infufes light and life,and heat and power into humane fouls, as they are difpo- fed to receive it, nolefs than .doth the Sun communicate its kind.influences to the corporal and animal nature. - And as this « A Difcourfe concerning the this doth maturate and fweeten crude and four fruits, and confirm and ftrengthen the tender plants-, fo doth that, where it is indeed heartily embraced, admirably difpofe mens minds to fweetnefs and tranquility in themfelves, to fweet- nefs and devotion to God, to fweetnefs,kindnefs and benignity to men i and makes thefe difpofitions ftrong and powerful in them. Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is power; it informs the mind and undetftanding, it reforms the will and affedfions, and transforms the whole man into its own like- nefs. Thefe are the fruits of the Spirit by which we are to judge of the tree. This is that whereby all true Chriffians have a real and internal, not meetly external or political, com- munion and union with their Head Chriff Jefus, and through him with the fountain, from whom, by him, it is derived to all his true members i (of his fulnefs we all receive), and one with another, they are all partakers of the fame Spirit, (a nearer alliance than that of bloud) and are filled with a ten>- der affedion to all the children of the fame Father, and love to all the creatures of their great Lord, and for his fake even to their enemies, to thofe that perfecute and injure them*, pitying their blindnefs and madnefs, and defiring their con- verfion, not deflruftion. But no fooner or further is any man deferted by this bleffed Spirit, or devoid of his fweet influen- ces, but he prefently becomes fo much the more obnoxious to all the malevolent afpe<3:s of wicked fpirits, and is impregna- ted and filled with the poifbn of their infetSions, which ex- cites and exalgitates to exorbitancy his fenfual affedions, de- mentates his underflanding, and continually foments and promotes the affimulation and likenefs of their own nature in him, chetifhing and fructifying the roots which are in him, of Pride, Ambition, Envy, Malice, Revenge, Perfidioufnefs, and all manner of lufts and wickednefs, according to his par- ticular difpofition. And becaufe there is fo ftrong and pow- erful a propenfity to Religion rooted and fixed in the very nature of man, as is very difficult, if not impoflible utterly to extirpate or deprefs this in fuch a perfon, is by the fubtil operation of thefe agents, either, if more languid and remifs, diver- Original of the Towder Plot*' divertecJ, by exciting him to an eager profecution of his other more ftrong inclinations i or, if more intenfe and adfipe, perverted either into fuperflition, or feme other conceived heroick a6ts of a partial Religion, confiding and concurring with the fatisfadion of his other inclinations; whence or- dinarily proceeds much of that heat and zeal which we fre- quently fee in men for their feveral parties > for the (hells and out-fides of Religion i for opinions and notions, no more necelTary to be known and determined to make men cojrpleat Chrillians, than the fpeculations of Philofophets j and often for pernitious and dtftrudive principles, efpecially in thcRo- manifts i and inconfiderate endeavours, by fraud and inju- flice, fedition or oppreffion, and violent perfecutions, and fuch like moftunchriftianadions, for the advancement of the caufe which they efpoufej whereby they encourage them- felves with fecret hopes to expiate their licentioufnefs and in- dulgence to their own inclinations in other matters, and eafily petfwade themfelves that fo long as they are fuch good Ca- tholicks, or well affcded to the truth and the caufe of God and his Church, that all muft needs be well with them. And hence proceeded this not only unchriflUn, but barbarous and inhumane, perfidious, bloudy action of Charles p. Hence the fufpitioji of his Brother and SuccefTors Henr.3. Hence all the licentioufnefs and wickednefs which we fee every where in the World. And to all this is no fmall occafion given by the complying Conduft, Commutations of Penances, and other pratfiiccs of the Jefuites and other Romaniftsi But the fanee Apollle informs us o( another canfe near of kin-to this, and no le(s effetSual to the provocation of this judgment of 6b- duration of mens minds, which is very likely to have had no little influence in this cafe : and that is the refifting, rej«- 6fion, or not receiving and embracing of the Truth when of- fered : which he mentions in a paffage, which, if I be not ' •much miftaken, concerns the def?(3:ibn of the Church of* Rome, and hath been fo undefflood by the Chtiftians in all ages, (though fomewhat obfcuieiy and imperfedly,as is ufuaT in the interpretations of prophetick writings before they be fulfilled;, as well agrees with-thexoii^edture. Beca'ufe they ' receive A Difcourfe coftcertJitig the receive not the love of the Truth, faith he, For this caufe God (liall fend them (irong delufions. And this 'tis very likely had no fmall influence in this cafe. For if out of the Roman Religion we take all that which the Prnteflants re- ceiveand profefs, which the Romanifts raufl needs confefs to be truly Catholick,the greateft part of the rcfl hath been either introduced, or fo new modelled and accommodated to the fe- cular intereft and advantage of the See of Rome within this doo years laft paft,as hath not only given occafion to moft of the troubles and mifchiefs in Europe ever fince, but very much injured, difhonoured and prejudiced Chriftianity it felf. And when it pleafed God by his providence, both long fince, and again of latter days, to raife up a people in the Confines of France, who retaining that which of all fides is confefTed to be truly Catholick, reje(Sed thofe novel corruptions and abufes, (though perhaps with tEem fome things which might be tolerated), and thereby gave fo fair occafion to the French upon further confideration,and with more mature deliberati- on to reform the, fame, (as Queen Eliz. did here), that a great part of the mofl fober and pious of the French Nation, even Bifhops.and Cardinals, being thereupon fenfible of the need of it, did eariieflly defire and follicit the convention of a National Synod to that purpofe i the French Kings were un- happily fo fat wrought upon by the arts of Rome, as not on- ly ungratefully to reje^ that benefit offered by the Divine Providence, but at laft to perfecute thofe who were made the occaiions of it. And this fcems to have been fo manifcft a caufe of the troubles, mifchiefs and adverfities, which by the providence of God have befallen that Nation and their Prin- ces fince the beginning of that Century, that it is .ftrange Cbut that the height of contentions then on foot might perhaps hinder it J that neither thofe prudent confidering men did take notice of it iti this cafe, nor yet our judicious and candid Author, who relates their* judgment, and had himfelf obfer- ved ahnoft as much in Lewis 12. If it befit, fays he,/or a mor- tal man to fpeak^his ofinion concerning the eternal Comfels of God, IJhould fa^ that there t»as no other caufe why that moft ex- cellent Frince,in Jo many refpehls commendable and worthy of a better Original of the Tovpder Vlot. letter fortum, Jhould meet rvitb fo many conflids with adverfi- ties^ than that he had contraUed fa near alliance with Pope Alex- ander6. and cherijhed the cruelties^lttjh^ptrfidioHfHefs,and for- tunes of that impure Father (the Pope^ and of his Son (Caefar Borgia J a man drowned in all kfnd of wicp^dnefs ; and (hen re- lating the King's calling of a Synod, upoif his provocations by the next Pope Julius 2. ("undoubtedly fo ordered for the fame purpofe by the Divine Providence^ fitft at Lions, and then at Pifi for the reformation of the Church, and his me- dais coined with this Infcription, PERDAM BABYLONIS NOMEN, and how after all this he renounced the Council at Pifa through the importunities of his wife, and fubfcribed to the Lateran Council to gratifie the next Pope Leo io. and adding that in the judgment of many he had done mare ad- vifedly if he had perfevercd in his purpofe of reforming the C/&«rcfc, he concludes i Thefe therefore were the caufes both of the declination of our Empire, and of the advcrje fortune f Lewis: who after ail his other misfortunes died without if- fue male, which he much defired -to fucceed him. And in this King is very obfervable, that as there was in him no want of magnanimity, humane prudence, or care for him&lf, the glory of his Kingdom, and profperity of his affairs, to which his misfortunes could be imputed, which makes the judg- rnent of God therein the more apparent > fo neither could any vice or other fault be noted in him, which might be af- figned as a caufe of that judgment, but what is here mep- tioned, thenfgled of that duty whereunto he was fo fairly kd, and whereof he was fo far convinced, as that he began to put it in execution. In the time of his fucceflbr Francis i. all things feemed to confpire in giving occafion every where to the Reformation of the Church, what through the Pope's differences withfevetal Princes, which produced the abolition and abrogation of the Papal Authority for fome time in Spain, and afterward in England j what through that abo- ininable impofture of Indulgences and other their grofs wickednefe and abufes, which provoked Martin Luther and other leariied men to fearch into, and deteft their myiiery bf iniquity, and difcover many grofs errors and abufes crept into N the 100 A Difcourfe concerning the the Church, whereupon enfucd the Reformation happily be- gun and promoted by many Prcteftant Princes and Cities in Germany, and other parts. But Francis not only ncgkSed the occallon,and rejetSed and made hirafelf unworthy of the *iJi mm-ud common benefit of it, but moreover contratfied that * alliance with the Popes, anT! at lali began thofe+ perfecutions, the un- to K.itbirtne ot , r tli-l-u i - tvt Medices daugh- h^PPY confequcnce of both which we are now relating, [_Nor ttr to Lawrence was the King of Spain much more happy in his perfecutions D.ofurbin,who of the Proteftants in the Low-Countries, the confequence ^eo^o^andcL fin to Clem. 7?" 8°^ ^Y Inquifition in Spain, was but the exclufion of ^ y.^.SeCl.i<). light and truth from his people, and his own flavery to the S^' ftrong delufiqns apd infatuations of the Jefuites, who preci- pitated him into divers di(honourable, unfuccesful,and to his > own affairs pernitious undertakings.] 4P. But to return to the effedts and confequences of that bloudy adt, whereof what hath yet been related, was but the fiirtfuics of thofe Counfels from which fo much happincls# tranquility and glory were fo long exptdfed, inftead whereof was reaped only horror, (hame and anxiety, whereunto fuc- ceedcd a plentiful harveft of other real troubles. For the King and that Fadfion which prevailed at Court, after fo ma- ny former breaches of publick Faith, by this fo inhumane cruelty arid foul.breach of Faith, fo much the greater, by how much the greater arts and deep diffimulation had been ufed before to raife a truft & confidence of their fincerity,had now . driven thofe of the Proteftants who remained alive to that diftruft and jealoufie (the ufual fruits of perfidioufnefs^ of what-ever Letters,Promifes, Ediths, or other means could be devifed to fatisfy them, that nothing could give them any af- furanceof their lives and fafety, but retaining thofe places which by the la ft agreement of Peace were left in their pof- feflion for their fecurity, (and were now, had the agreement I. 53. been performed, to have been delivered) to ftand upon their defence. And though many of them not only doubting of their ftrength, but making fciuplfi of the jufticc of thccaufe, now fince not only the Princes of the blood, to whom the adminiftration of the Kingdom did belong, were abfenr, but more- Original of the Vovoder Plot: - loi moreover the King himfelf was grown a man, did difpute againft it, and from both thofe grounds urged all the atgn- ments they could: yet againd the rirll of thefe, the horror of thefe (laughters, which they had lb lately feen, and did fore- fee, prevailed, and dcfpair mide the moll timerous couragi- cus. And this alfo made the anfwer which was returried by others to the latter, more Ctisfadiory to the reft •, that to take up Arms for their juft defence, not to offer violence to any, bqt only to repel the injury, and fave themfelves from (laugh- ter, was neither by the Laws of God or man unlawful > that it ought not to be reputed a war againft the King, but a juft defence againft their enemies whoabufedthe Kmg's autho- rity to deftroy them, who if fo powerful as to have proceeded fofatinthe late tumult beyond his confent or privity, or pre- valent with him as to work his alTent to fo unjuft and foul an action, they had the more reafon to fecure themfelves againft their power and treachery, till juftice (hould be done upon them \ nor ought they to doubt, but in fo juft a caufe upon their fctious repentance, truft in God, and humblefup- plications to him, he would gracioufly pity their niilcry, and provide fome unexpedfcd means for their relief. And there- fore feeing La Chatice was furprized at the time of the maf- facte, and the fame was attempted againft Montabon, and be- ing further warned by what was lately done at * Cadres, *ca!irm]'n which after great proinifes of fafety by the King, was not- Albi^tnfiagro.' withftandrog permitted to be plundered, and layed waftc by the (laughters and rapines of Creufeta, Rochel, having for fome dales kept a folemn faft, with divers other places pre- pare for their defence. And at laft when arts failed, efpeci- ally after the malfacre at Burdeaux, in the midft of their trea- ties, the King's Forces were fe'rit to alfaiilt them. And thefe (Tays Thuanus, after a more pafticulir relation of them J were the beginnings of the Fourth Civil ffarin France-, the tmre memorable,, becaufe from fo fmall beginnings, beyond the hope and expeOation even of thofe who through ncccftity rather than upon counfel and deC'gn did manage it, wben,fo Otany Commanders being Jlain, the Nobility who remained diffirfed abroad, and the pto^e in all places alienifhed, all was thbkght fubdued, within N 2 the 102 Tou, /. 5$, 'Ihu,l. $€, A Difcottrfe concerntftg thi- the comp^afi of a year, mthout the foreign aid of any Prince, and money every tphere after fo great plunders failing them, it reftored the affairs of the Protejiants to good condition again. And yet this was only a defenfive War on their part, and, as hefjys,of neceffity, wherein thofa poor people fought only forfheir lives and fafety, and notio negU<^ the King's com- mands, were willing to keep their meetings at Sermons only fecretly in the night, and not openly in the day-time, which yet could not be denied them without manifeft injuftice and breach of publick Faith. But fuch were their apprehenfions of the pcrfidioufnefs and cruelty of their enemies, and rc- fblutions thereupon, that (hey chofe rather to-fuffer aili the miferiesand necciGties that humane nature is able to bear, than again to truft to the mercy or promifes of them whOrn they had fo often found perfidious, and moreover at laft fo barba- roufly inhumane and cruel. And therefore at Samerre it is almoft incredible what they fuffered. Having fpent their flores, they killed and eat their AlTes, Mules, Horfes, Dogs, and all other living creatures they could meet withj and when that alfo was fpent, they devifed ways to make Hydes, Skins, Parchment, Bridle-rains, and what-ever was made of leather, edible i and Bran, Straw, Nutlhels, the Horns and Hoofs of Beads,even dugg out of the dunghils, and the very dung of Horfes, and fuch things as fcarce any other creatures will feed on« infomucb, that whereas in eight moneths fiege they had not loft too flaln, in forty days above 500 died of hunger, and 200 (nore were famifhed almoft to death. Ro- chel indeed was not driven to that extremity, partly having made better provifions for themfelvcs, partly by an extraor- dinary fupply, little lefs than miraculous i for all the time of the fiege, the tides, it being a Sea-Town, left the poor people fuch plenty of a kind of ftiell-fiflb, as very well fupplied them with food i which, when the fiege was ended, prefently va- niflied, and were not feen in fuch plenty much longer. Yet did they teftify as great abhorrence of the perfidioufnefs and cruelty.of their enemies, by their incredible courage and adi- vity,even of their women in the tepulfe qf fevaal fierce aC- faults, and alfo in jOillies.: and, in conclufioB) the aflailants feckiog Origind of the Powder Pld. 105 feeking rather occafions how to raife the ficge with credit, " than having any hope to obtain the City by force, they came to this agreement for thctraelves, Montabon and I4ifmes,con- 'Da.p. 39a. firmed by an Edidt, 'that fret profijfion of their Religion fhould be permitted thent^ accordingto the EdiCif made in behalf of the Protefiantj > their priviledges confirmed > m Garrifon impofed on them i only the King fhould appoint them a Governor, and they fhould be governed by the Latos and Cujioms which they had ufed even ftnce they became SubjeSls to the Crown of France, &c. Some time after Samere obtained by agreement to enjoy the benefit of the Pacification made with Rochel, but paying 4Q000 /. for the faving of their Movables, ^nd this end (^faysour Author) had this fourth Civil U^ar after the tumult at Paris, when the Courtiers thought all fubduedhy that Jlaugh' ier, begun and finijhedin the affsuiting of certain Cities, and efpecially in the ftege of that one City of Rochel, which for fo many months did mojl fifty, beyond the opinion of all men,fHjiain, and at lafl break, the jlrength and force of the whole Kingdom . raifed againji it, be/ides Aumale, 'fttlar, Coffens, Goa hit Brother, and other, 40000 Souldiers (the very number faid by Davila to have been flain in the maflacre) heingjlain, and dead ef fich^efs, and among tbefe 60 chief * Commanders (and as fome * Ordinum Vu- fay,moffof theadorsof that tragedy) hefides a vaji deal of Hons, many and military provifions fpent, and at lajl things being reduced to thofeflreightJ, that the King contrary to what had before been falfly perfwaded him, thought himfelf a greater gainer by that Peace, than by the Parifian flaughter. Such w ere the effedis whether of the Italian Policy, or the Romifh Dodfiine of not keeping Faith with Hereticks. 50. He had no fooner ended this War, but he began to be grievoully afflicted with that fatal difeafe which in few months after put an end to his life, not without fufpitiou of poifon by his Mother and Brother Anjou, and befides in the mean time, by her arts, and ilic influences of the Guifes upon her, was prefently involved in a fit of Civil War. And this not only againji the Protejiants, whom having fufficient caufe from former experience to beware of the pcrfidioufnefs and cruelty Of their enemies,after other new occafions of fufpition, fhe I HI jf. ^ 41 ' ^ 104 A Difcourfe concerning the (he forced again to provide for their fecurity, and ftand upon their defence, by a perfidious atfennpt to furprnc Rochd by her emiffiries, who had corrupted fome in the City to betray it to the Forces, which for that purpofe they had drawn near it> but alfo againft a confiderable party of the Catholicity ("as they call them) whom, while (he thought it neccffary for the continuance of her power and authority in the government, to keep up, and foment fad:ions among the chief Nobility, (he, by over-doing what (he dcfigned, forced, for their own fafety and fecurity, to joyn their complaints and forces with the Proreftants. Whereby Ccon(idering the divifion of that party) (he in fome fort repaired the lofs which the Protefiarft party had fuftained by the miiTacrcs; the Providence of God undoubtedly thus ordering it to manifeft the vanity of their former hopes of peace and tranquility by fuch wicked coUr- fes for the deflruftion of the Proteftants, and to puni(h by their mutual dilTentions among themfelves, their former una- nimity in perfecuting them. The chief of thit party were the fons of the old Contiable Momorancy, ('in his time an active perfecutor of the Protefiants) the Vilcount de Turenne, ard others, whom the Qjeen, favouring the contrary fadion of Y the Guifcs, continually by divers calumnies inceniing and ex- afperating the King againlt them, and by other flratagems which they difcovered, drove into dcfpair of fafety by any other means > which no doubt was not a little increafed by the experience which they had feen of her perfidioufnels and cruelty in the cafe of the Proteftants, all men being fufpitious of thofe whom they have obferved falfe and perfidious to others. And to thefe Alancon the King's younger Brother, upon the fame occaHons, belides feme other caufes of difcon- tent, joyned himfelf as head. Befides thofe of the Nobility, To*./. J 9'pr. there wcte im other fubf diary FaUiont in the Court. " Zl&r " one of thofe, who delirous by any means to retain the Rcli- gion of their Anceftors, and cirelefs for any amendment or " reformation of it, did eafily fuffer themfelves, in favour of " them who took up Arms under pretence of defending if, to "•bedrawn in either by fraudulent interpretations to elude, " or plainly and altogether to violate the Faith gireu to the «Pro. "Pi Original of the Povoder Plot, 105 "Profeftants. 'the other of thofe who would not depart *'frotn the religion of their anceftois, but yet defired many things in it, in ttz6t of time, through covetoufntfs and " grofs ignorance, brought in to the diflionour of God, and "offence of many, to be corrtdcd i and therefore being " more favourable to the Proteftants, held that things ought "^tobe tranfaded in a friendly manner with them, that the "Faith publickly given them fhould be faithfully kept, and " that by any means peace, without which the bufinefsof re- "formation could not proceed, (hould be fetled. The firfi " favoured the Guifes, who fought all occafions of War, the "latter the Momorances, who perfwaded Peace. Of this " laft opinion were thofe famous men Michael Hofpitalius " Chancellor of France, Paulus Foxius, Chrifiophorus Thu- Many others "anus, Chriftophorus Menilius, though they never engaged were of the/ami "in Arms on either fide. And this was the party which "sfo. were called Politickfi a name, faith out Author, by the fediti- ous attributed to them who were ftudious for the good of the car.MarTllac King and peace of the Kingdom, (li. 52,) and male contents. Arcb-Bi!hop of "But that fadion which defired ftirs alwaies prevailing in Thu. "the Court, hence it came to pafs, that fo many Edids (of "PacificationJ were made one upon another, and as often " violated, the War being fo often renewed, and with the "fame levity where-with it was begun, laid down again. " Whereof the King by this time became fcnfible, and obfer- " ved, but when it was too late, that that ynhappy maffacre 5^7' - " had, contrary to what was expeded, diffolved the bonds of " peace and publick fecurity. And therefore with indigna- " tion perceiving that the Counfellors of it had morerelped " to thefatisfadion of their own private hatred and ambi- " tion, than to the publick Faith and quiet (of the Kingdom) " without which he could never keep up his Royal Majefty, "being not a little incenfed againft them, he refolved firom , "that time to remove them from the Council, and to fend " away from him his mother her felf, under a more honoura- "ble colour of vifiting her fon Anjou in Poland, (whom he had newly, almoft by force, thrufi out of France, having, to be rid of him, procured him t& be chofcn King there J, "And ''■f I i I* :P J' ';1 % I 4' Hi A Difconrfe concerning the And believing that the Civil Wars in France were raifed " not fo much for the caufe of Religion as through the fadtions «' of that Kingdom,& that the chief leaders of them were the « Guifes and the Momorances, hcrefolved, without any re- i'eardof the Law,ot the jufticeof either caufe, to deftroy " both thtfe potent Families, being no lefs exafperated againft " Guife than Momorancy,and therefore had often thoughts of "taking him out of the way. But in the midft of thefe troubles without, in his Kingdom, and others within, in his mind and body, after very grievous and long pains, fo that long before he felt himfelf dying, he ended his lite every way mirerable,by that ficknefs which few thought na- tural, but rather procured by his own ?aut:i niwdtm el rehnnw, memores quf Mother and Brother Anjou, as our Au- fmmus diffmuUndt artifex pa fufficiently intimate, and was entia inteminatas & """" further remarkable by the effufion of and again Mortut corps achi- and barbaroully (bed the bloud of fo mm & medids apertum; r« quo livo- q( hJs fubjedls. Davila faith he res ex caufa incognita, reperti, began fome months before to fpit muUorum opmonm auxtrm potins q^ ^ Bloudy- piinutrm.. . $1- much bloud ilTued out of all the paffages of his body v and that he happened to fall down, and wallowed in his own bloud. And whereas Davila fays that he ended his life with grave and pious difcourfes, others fay that he ended it with imprecations and curfings, and that his laft words were meer blafphemies. Whereof, which is moft credible, the reader confideiing his natural tern- per, life and adions, may eafily judge. He died under five and twenty years of age, without ifiue male to fucceed him, leaving only a daughter by his Queen, with whom he had been above four years married, and a baftard-lbn. And thefe were the fruits which he reaped of his bloudy and pet- fidious counfels and pradiices. 51. Nor did bit next Brother Anjou, called Hwr. 5. teap any better fruits of his counfels and adions in the raaflacre' and other cnterprizes againft the Proteftaiits j who in great Xhit'l- 58. - hafiCjUpon notice of his Brother's death, (hamefully ftealing from Original of the Toroder Tlot. 107 from bis Kingdom of Poland, in his return to France was well admonijhed by ths Emperor Maximilian, that at the begin- ning ot his Reign, and rirlt entrance into France, he (hould - fettle fieace among his fubjctfts: and the fame counfel was often repeated to him by the Vftl{e of Venice in the name of the Senate. Yet he was no fooner arrived in France, but by the counfel of his Mother and the Guifian and Italian fatSion, (the fame Cabil which contrived the malTacre) he refolved the contrary, till finding it a work too hard by open force to deftroy the remaining part of the Protefiants, being more- over ftrengthened by the affociation of the Politicks with them, there was at laft a Peace concluded upon fuch terms, as, I. 62. had they been granted in fincerity, and juftly performed, might have produced much happinefs to that Kingdom. For, befides what related to the particular concerns of Alancon, D'Anvil, and others of the Politicks and male-contents, to the Proteftants was granted full liberty of Confcience, and free exercife of their Religion, without exception of times or places. Sec. and Towns for their fecuiity till the Articles fhonld be fully and perfedly performed. And thefe Articles were concluded by the Queen-Mother herfelf in perfon,and confirmedby a publick Edit^ with all the folcmnity that could be, the King himfelf being prefent in Parliament, fitting in his Throne of JulHce. " But thefe Articles,fays Davila, as foon " as they were known to thofe of the Catholick party,exafpe- rated moft of their minds in fuch manner,that they not only " murmured freely againrt the King himfelf and the Queen- " Mother, but many were difpofed to rife, and would have taken Arms to difturb the unjuftnefs [as they call it] " of that Peace, which was generally [by them] efieemed " fhameful, and not fit to be kept, if within a-while they had " not manifeftly underflood, that the King and Queen, pur- " pofely to recover and draw home the Duke ot Alancon, " had confented to conditions in words, which they were re- " folved not to obferve in deeds. For, (as he prefently adds) "• having exadlly performed all things prpmifed to the Duke " of Alancon, none of the other Articles were objerved e ther to the Proteftants in general, or to the King of Navar and O Ptince ic8 A pifcourfe concerning the ''Princeof Codde in particular; but the King permitting, " and tacitly confenting to it, the Aflemblifes of the Prote- " ftants were every vyhere violently difturbed, &c. And the " Gai/er, who were not flack in laying hold of any opportu- " nity to augment their own greatnefs, and to fecure the ftafc " of that Religion, which was fo ftreightly linked to their in- ''terefts, began upon the conjuncture of fo great an occa- " fion, fccretly to make a league of the Caiholickf,in all the Pro- " vinces of the Kingdom, under colour of oppofing the pro- "grefs and cftablifliment of herefy, which by the Articles of "the Peace was fo fully authorized and eflablilhed. And this was the Faith of a Catholick Prince,whofc Confcience was directed by the religious Jefuites, and fo great a votary, that though a King, he wOuld often make one of the Flagellantes, believed would have changed his Kingdom for a us cq.epti .20. though Guife had never attempted to force him fo it: this the obedience and loyalty of his Catholick Subjedls. But this was nothing to what followed i for this was but the be' ginning of that Holy League, which may juftly put to filence all clamours, and anfwer all calumnies againft the Proteftants in France, upon occafion of any mifcarriages of theirs under (b long and grievous oppreflions and Unjuft perfecutions i and was the pattern and precedent which was followed by that fadion here, which the RomKh Emiflaries and Agents partly raifed, and partly ruled, or fecretly influenced to.promote their own deffgns, as may be perceived by comparing fuch eviden- ces and teflimonies as are to be met with of their myflerious pradfices in their works of darknefs, with their Principles laid down to undermine, this Church and State, extant in Lib.6.p.AA9- printed Books. 7he form of the League rmy he (eenlnExigMih Lib. 8. c. i.?' at large in Davila and Fonlis, to this effcdf : The Covenant of I 6Z' *he Frinces, Lords and Gentlemen of the Catholick^Keligion, for ' ' ' the entire refitmion of theLatvof God, and frefervathn of his holy rporfjip^ according to the form and rites of the holy Church of B-ome, abjuring and renouncing all errors contrary to it, 2.For theprefervation of King Henr. 3. and his Succefors, in the State., Honour, Splendor, Authority, "Duty, Service and Obedience due ta them, &c. 3. For the rejiitutton of their ancient rites, liberties and . Original of the Toroder FldU 105) Itni prtviledgei to the Provinces of the Kingdom^ &c. In cafe there be any oppofitioH againji this aforefaid, or any of the Co ■ venanters, their friends or dependants be molejied or quejiionedfar this caufe, by tvhomfoever it be-, all that enter into this Covenant fhall be bound to imploy their lives and fortunes to tah^ vengeance upon them, either by vcay ofjujiice or force, tvithout any exception of perfons n>hat-ever. 'they who depart from this Covenant (hall be puniflsed both in body and goods. All fhall lik^toift fwear to yield ready obedience and faithful fervice unto that Head which fhall be deputed, and to give all help, coustftl and afijiance, as well for the maintenance of this League, as for the ruine of all that fhall oppofe it, without exception of perfons i and thofe that fail (hall be punifhed by the authority of the Head,&c. All the Ca' tholicks of the feveral Cities, iowns and Villages fhall be fe- cretly advertifed by the particular Governors to enter into this League, and concur in providing Men, Arms, and other neceffaries, &c. Into this League, (framed with fo much art, that ma- . .-j king a (hew to obey and maintain the King, it took from him ^ all his obedierice and authority to confer it upon the head of their Union, as Davila notes,) when many were engaged in France, they began fecretly to at Rome for Proted:ion, and in Spain for men and money > nor did they find in either place any averfncfs to their defires. And though they „ * < thought it unfit to difpute openly whether the States were fu- 55. perior to the Kmg or no, yet while thefe things were atffed in ' fecret without his knowledge or confent, thej fought cunningly (by a kind of che^a) to take away his prerogative, and (with his confent) to fettle it in a certain number, who (hould have power to conclude and determine all bufinefs without con- ^ tradition or appeal i and to that end petition the King, At the Aflem- that for the difpatch of all bufinefs with fpeed and of the States fatisfadfion, he would be pleafed to eledt a number of Judges Msfwhich not fufpeded by the State', who, together with twelve of Trh who'lfd the Deputies, might hear fuch motions as from time to time [ubfcribtd to '] (hould be propofed by every Order, and conclude and refolve ^be catholic^ upon them, with this condition, that what-ever was joyntly determined by the Judges and Deputies together, (hould have the form and vigour of a Law, without being fubjedf to be O 2 altered ■ I tf V r ;■ I'! ■r;. r ■t 5 v4 ''If Ip W I! . JJQ A DifioHrfe concerning the altered or revoked » which had been in effe(^ to unking Him, and leave him lirtle more than the title. But the King not Tk L 62, ignorant of the importance of that demand, became fenfible of their defigns, and of his own danger, which more mam- Khly appeared in certain fecret tHjiruUions to Nic. David, with which he was fent to the Pope concerning the depoling of the King, and thruding him into a Monatlery, and fetting up Guife in his place, Src. which being taken with David in his journey, and pubUlhed by the Proteliants, were not be- lieved at firft, till the fame being alfo fent to the King of Spain, the French Ambalfador there happened to get a copy of them, and fent them to his Mafter, as Thuanus relates from his own mduth. The King therefore returns them a wary anfwer, fuch as though not altogether denying their de- mand, yet gave them no great fatisfataion. But though they failed in this attempt to unkin? the King with his own con- renr,-yet they refolved, though without, or contrary to his conftnt,not only to moderate the lad articles of Peace, but to break them utterly, and again with more force than ever to begin the War againit the Protedants, whereby they brought the King to this neceftty, that he mud either plainly and openly break his faith given to the Protedants, (which he had done before only by connivance) or engage with them in a more dangerous War againd the Leaguers. And divers dilTwaded him ftom breach of his Faith, among the red Wil- To^.L 63. jiatn Lantgrave of Hcffe, befides the reafon he gave him in mind of that late and memorable example of Ladijlaut 4. King of Hungary, who having fworn a Truce with the great Turk Amurath 2. being petfwaded by the Pope and Cardi- nals,out of a vain hope that they could abfolve him from the obligation of it, pertidioufly broke if. Whereupon in the fitd^encounterCche Turk lifting up his eyes to Heaven, and calling to Chrid to behold and punifh the perfidious deal- ing where-with his followers had didioncured himj he was himdlf flainwith 30000of his men; cJn the other i\dctlre French Dheologifls did openly both in Sermons and printed Books contend that the Prince is not obliged to k^ep Faith frith the Heretick^t allcdging to that purpofe the Decree of the Counc/ f.. ■irc'iM ".II X Original of the Powder Plot. 111 Council of Conftance,and therefore War is to be undertaken to extirpate them. And by the advice of the Eifliop of Lymoges and Mcrvillier (fometime Biihop of Orleans) the Kwg determined, lince he could not by open refiflance hin- der the del/gns and progrefsof the League, (which already had taken too deep root) to make himfelf Head and Protttfhor of it, and cTraw that authority to himfelf, which he faw they endeavoured to fettle upon the Head o/tibeLctf^Ke, both with- in and without the Kingdom i which accordingly he did, caufing it to be read, publiflied, and fworn in open aflembly, and with high protefiations declared that he would fpend his iaft breath to reduce all his people to a unity in Religion, and an entire obedience to the Roman Church : which done, he without much difficulty prevailed with Navar and the Pro- teftants to yield to fome reftraintsof the publick cxercife of their Religion, And thus by a new Edi£i of Pacifcation, were things in * fome fort quieted for fome time. * For in the 52. But after the death of Alancon the King's youngeft Bro- midfi of puce ther, who died without ilTue, and not without fufpition the poifon, in the flower of his age, being about thirty, f wherein hmsf'was we may take notice, by the way, of the Divine Vengeance by dail^ threaten- degrees extirpating that Family, which fo wickedly fought479- the extirpation of the Proteftants) the King having no iflue, nor like to have any, (notwithftanding all his vifits and fup- Busbeq. ep, j. plications at the Monuments of Saints and Religious places) whereby the Grown was likely to defcend to the King of Na- var, a Proteftant Prince, who was next heir to it, the Leaguers prefemly begin nero troubles, the Preachers from the Pu'pits fill Tdiu. I. 80, their hearers minds with fears and jealoufies, meetings are every where held, Souldiers fecretly lilted, and Officers ap- pointed, and the more to enrage the people, while the Preachers fill their ears with the noife of approaching dan- 'Phi' l-B'i. gets, dreadful and horrid reprefcntations of raofl terrible per- Iccutions which the Catholicks are faid to fuffer in England, are prefented to their.view, both in printed Books, andalfo in Cuts and Piiffurcs which are fet up in publick places, and perfons appointed to relate the fad floiies of them, and tell the people that thus it will be alfo in France, if the King of Na- var. il >■4 ^ to I! I i r • 1 i ■ i •i 4. ir ti' tit 112 ^ DifcoHrfe concerntMg The vat be admitted to the Kingdom i and therefore to fecure themfelves of a Catholick King, they teColve to fet up the Cardinal Bourbon for head of the League at prefent, and to fucceed the King in cafe he fhould die without iffue. And the better to flrengthen themfelves they renew their League Vi. p. ii6. the Spaniard, and having fuddenly raifed a confideiable Army, contrary to the King's exprefs prohibition by his Da. p. 535. Edi6f, they begin to make themfelves Mafters of many Ci- ties and Fortreffcs, fome by fecret pradfices, fome by open Da. p. ifo. force of Arms, driving out the King's Governors and Offi- cers, and in (hort time, through the fury of the people, and great converfe of the Clergy in favour of the League, became fo formidable to the King, that he was forced to a neve agree- Da.p. $57. mem with them agaittji the Protejiant/, to banifh their Preach- ers, confifcate their elhtes, and with all fpeed denounce a War againft them, wherein fuch men fhould be made Com- manders, as the League fhould confide in, and a great deal more, partly againft the Proteftants, and partly to flrengthen Da. p. 558. their own party. This agreement was made by the King on- ly to comply with his prefent neceflity, and not with any in- tention to perform it. For being now out of hope of iffue him- he refolved to further Navar s right^ ind to unite himfelf with him, as his lawful SuccefTor, and make him partaker in matters 0/ Government, to which end he held fecret cor- Da-p. 600: refpondence with him. But rfee Leaguers force him to go on veith the War i and upon the fcore of his treaty with Navat raife great clamors and calumnies againji him, that the caufe of Religion is betrayed, the Proteftants openly favoured, the courfc of the War interrupted, and that the King fhews openly that his mind is averfe to the Catholick party, and that Da.p: 606. he defires by all means to cherifh and maintain herefy. And now the minds of the people are more than ever inflamed againft his perfon and proceedings, which were publickly in- veighed againft in the Pulpits, and particularly flandered in Tfja./. 86. private meetings, but efpecially by the Priefts at the fecret confeftions of the people, whom they refufed to abfolve, un- lefs they would enter into the League s and for the more (e- cret carrying on of the bufinefs, intrufted in this nev^ Vo^rine, that original of th^ Voroder Plot. 113 thaf as well the Penitent, who (hall reveal what he hears from his Confeffor, as the Confeflbr who reveals what the Penitent confefleth, doth incur the guilt of mortal fin. From caium- nies and flandeis they proceed to confpiracies and atitions. And at Paris they fet up a new Council of fmeen, which hold their Jecretmctings^fivR at theColledgof Forlet, commonly Thu.l.B6. called the cradle of the League, afterwards at the Colledgeof the Dominicans, and at the Jtfuites Colledge they plot to fur- p-ize Boulogne, 3nd there to admit the Spanifh Fleet prepared againft England. They alfo cotifult about taking the King him- Da. p. ^09. fetf, as he returned from the Boysde Vincernes with a fmail 1- guard. And both thefe enterprises being difcovered to the King, failing, they fet up a feditious Preacher to inveigh T&«. /• 87, againft the King and his Counfellors, and not doubting but thereupon the King would fend to apprehend him, they de- termine upon that occafion to ftir up the people, and there- upon take up arms and deftroy both him and thofe about him, who were faithful to him. Which in part proceeded, and perhaps had been accomplilhed, if the King had not time- ly recalled thofe he had employed : whereupon he was advi- fed to depart from Paris, which he did j but not long after returning thither, he is prefented with a Petition, which at a Confultation at Nancy ("where it was concluded that Gmfc r>a.p.668.' and the other confederate Lord, fhould not enter to oppofc the King at the vefy firft) was fo contrived, that if he gran- ted it, their defires would be effidfed without noife or trou- ble; and if he refufed, he Ihould thereby give them occafion and opportunity to make ufe of arms, and to acquire that by force, which he would not confent to of his own accord. And though the King did not fo much refufe, as by excufes delay to anfwer it, the Preachers labour to caft all the odium they can upon him, inveigh againft him as favouring the he- reticks, and on the other fide highly extol and magnify the Catholick Princes, fo they called the Guifians. And Guife his coming to the City is by frequent Letters much impor- tuned i which though, according to the former conclulion, he at prefcnt deferred, yet were fome experienced Souldiers fent to thiem, he not being willing to truft to the City Com- manders. A Difcourfe concerning the iTianders alone. And now reckoning their ftrength 20000 men, there is -a nm Conffiracy to fall upon the Louvre, and killing the guard, and all about him whom they fufped, to feize upon the King. But this was alfo difcovered, and the Council of lixteen, who thought there might be fome hazard in that, refolve upon a more fafe courfe, to ftize upon him when he fhould be in procelfion, as he was wont, in the habit of*a Penitent among the whipping Friars, and (hut him up in a Monaftery with a ftrong Guard > and in the mean time a report fhould be fpread abroad, as if the King was taken away by the Proteflants,at which the people fhould take up arms and fall upon the Politicks, and thofe they fufpe(3'cd. And this being alfo difcovered, the King confults how to fe- cure himfelf againfl the Confpiratots. In the mean time the Duke of GHtfe uncxpedredly comes to Farit contrary to the King's command. And while the King feeks to flrengthen himfelf, and preventing the Leaguers to fecure the mofl im- portant places of the City, the Parifians are raifed at the ring- ing of the Bells, make Barricadoes crofs the flreets, come up to the Louvre, and begin to afTault-dt. Whereupon the Queen Mother goes to Guife in her Sedan, being denied paf- fage in her Coach, and confers with him, but brings back no- thing but complaints, and exorbitant demands. But the fiege preffing much on the one fide, when it was feared they would likewife befiege it on the other, the Queen- mother go- ing again to Guife, and having notice by the way that 15000 men were preparing to enclofe the Louvre on the other fide, holds him in a long treaty, wljile the King with 26 Gentlemen ftealt fecretly avpty to Cbartres, to the no fmall grief of Guife and the Leaguers who had loft fb fair an opportunity. Whereupon they fecure and flrengthen Paris, lay fiege to the Boys de Vincernes, which yielded without refittance, as did alfo Sr. Cloud, Lagny, Charranton, with all the other neigh- bouring Towns. Jbe King being again reduced to his former llraits of accepting the alfiftance of the Proteflants, or yielding to fuch terms as the Leaguers would pleafc to give him, af« ter longconfultation at length refolved to uje the fame mean* againji Gui/e, rrbicb be remembred had been nfed in the reign of his. 115 Original of the Towder Plot. his Brother Charles againfi the Admiral Coligny and his Ad- herents, and to that end feigned to confent to the opinion of thofe who pcrfwaded him to unite himfelf to the Duke of Guife. And having upon a treaty concluded a Peace upon al- moft the fame conditions which were contained in the Peti- ^ tion framed at Nancy, he receives Guife much after the fame manner that his Brother did Coligny, with great expreffions of honour, caufcs the Edidof the Union to be prefently pub- lifhed, the War againft the Protettants proclaimed, for the profecution whereof, according to the Articles of the Peace, two feveral Armies were appointed. Guifes atchievements were highly ntagnijied by the Leaguers in France, and no lefs by the Pope at Rome, who fent to him and to the Cardinal Bourbon his Congratulatory Letters, tuM of high praifes, which were prefently publilhed in print, and difpetfed abroad. Wherein he commends their piety and zeal in promoting the bufinefs of Religion, comparing Guife to the Holy Macca- bees, the defenders of the people of Ifrael, fo highly extolled in the Sacred Scriptures, and exhorting him to continue fuc- cesfullyand glorioufly to fight for the advancement of the Church, and the total extirpation of the Protefiants, ac^ quaints him with his own uncelTant prayers for the Divine af- fifiance to him, adding that nothing could be more feafonable for theprefent occafion,than that he fiiould have his Lrgate in France, by whofe means and authority their endeavours might be promoted for the good of the Kingdom, and of the Catholick Religion. And if any thing more be neceflary to be done by him, he defires to be certified of it, who (hall never be wanting to their caufe. Guife and the Leaguers be- ing not a little animated by thcfe things, the Ajfemhly of the ^ , States at Blois, which was called upon this late agreement, and ' were moft of the fatSion of the League, efpecially the Order of the Clergy, which did in a manner wholly incline fo that fide, with great heat pronounce the King of Navar for his crime of herefy unworthy of the fuccclJion of the Kingdom i which be- ing decreed by the Clergy, and upon their fignification and admonition univerfally fubfcribed by the other two orders, holding it a great fault in the caufe of Religion to diflent from P the i' ' 11$ • ' A Difconrfi concerning the theEcckfiafticksj the Arch-Bi(hop of Ambtun, with twelve of each Order, repair to the King, and defire that by his authority, and a publick Edidl, the Decree may be confirmed. But the King utteily averfe from it, though he would not plainly deny it, yet put it off as well as he could i but fuch was the obiftinacy of the States, that he was forced at laft to anfwer that he agreed to the general vote, and would think of caufing the Decree to be framed. Guife alfo with all his might urged the receiving of the Council of'Trent, whereunto, though the Kingconfented,yetwasit rejeflfii with great con- tradidion, not only by the Nobility, but by a great many of the Clergy. This was urged by him partly as a powerful en- gine againfl the Proteftants, partly further to oblige (he Pope, if it fucceeded, and to raife a pte)udice in him againft the King, if it fucceeded not by his default. And to ingratiate himlelf the more with the people, he moves for cafe of grie- vanccs by impofitions and taxes, though a thing inconfiftent with the profecution of the War againft the hereticks. But the King finding now a convenient opportunity to execute his defign, acquaints fome of his confidents with it, and ha- ving ordered all things fo as to avoid the fufpition of Guife, much after the manner heretofore ufcd againft Colinius, he * T&f o/cQmmands him to be fluin, which was accordingly * done » (If Cardinal his Brother being with many Lords and ad- the hiitory oftk hcifcnts of that Fadion, at the fame time committed to cufto- Majfacri. Sell, dy, was about two daies after by the King's command in like i7'' manner flain. Thus do thofe who had wickedly confpired the barbarous flanghtcr of fo many innocent Proteftants, now, by the juft judgment and vengeance of God upon them, mutually cpnfpire one anothcrs deftrudlion. And that City which was then fo forward in executing the wicked counfelV and commands of favage and perfidious men, is now as for- ward in executing the juft judgments of the righteous God upon one of the chief Authors of them i and they who be- fore had been the inftruments of his cruelty, are now made the inftruments of his punilhment, 7i«. 95. 55, Upon the news of thefe things fpread abroad, the j&a. /. 10. Leaguers arc all in an an uproar, and at Paris, having held a Council Original of the Toneder Tloti ll j Council where nothing almoft was heard but reproaches againft^e King, and cries for revenge, the Duke of Aumtle is callea out of a Monatkry to be their Governor; the Preachers from their Pulpits thunder out the praifes of the Duke of Guife his Martyrdom, and detehations of that flaughter mod cruelly committed by the King i in luch man- rer, that not only the minds of the bafer people, but alfo of the moft noted Citizens wtre won by their perfwifi- ons, and inflamed with an infinite dcfire to take revenge ^ and the Council of fixteen caufe a rvritittg to beprefented to tie famous Co//f«%o/Divines called the Sorbon, in the name of the Fw/.e. sf. 530.' Provoft and Efchevins of the City, containing thele two Qucfrions. i. PP^nther they Jhould not be free from their Oath of Fidelity and Obedience to Henry the third. And, 2. irioether they might not vpith fafe Confcience^ arm^nnilei collcS and contri- hute money for the defence and confervation cf the Koman Cat ho- lick^ KeligUn in this Kingdom, againft the rvick^d counfels and endeavoTtrs of the King aforefaid, and all other his adherents vshomfoevery and againji his breach tf publick^ Faith at Blots, &c. Whereunto upon mature deliberation at an alTembly of feventy Maflers of that Faculty, and folemn refolution, it was anfwered nemine refragante, i. That the people of this Kingdom are free, and at liberty from their Oath of Fidelity and Obedience to King Henry aforefaid. 2. That the fame people latpfttlly, and mth fafe confcience ^ may arm, unite, colletl and * Viv.'p. contribute money for the defence and confervation of the Catho lick, Apojiolick^ and Roman KJ/gion, againji thevrickpd csun- h?s righ/to^thc fels and endeavours of the aforefaid King and whomfoever crown, and hering to him,fince he bath violated the publick] Faith to the pre- that his Sub- judice of the Catholick^ Religion , and /f th< EdiCi of the holy °"ly Vnion, and of the natural liberty of the afftmbly of the three caft Efiates of this Kingdom. Moreover, they think fit that this off their obc- D ecreeor conclufion be fent to the Pope, that he may by the diencc, &c. authority of the holy See approve and confirm it, and afford ■ his help and afliftance. And accordingly a Letter is drawn 555, up, and /e/tt by the Parifians in the nameof themlelves, and, the red of the Catholicks in France, wherein they reprefent to him the zeal of the people," all good men being ready to i P 2 lay ir3 A Difmrfe concerning the " liy down their Uves rather than fuffer that Tyranny i and "more than locxooof the Parifians filling the ftreets with '•cries to Heaven for vengeance againft the Tyrailfi others "whipping the ftatue of the Tyrant, breaking it to pieces, " and throwing it into the fire. And indeed after this De- ■ " claration Cto ufe Davila's words^ the people as it were " loofcned from the bonds of obedience, and having broken "the rein of modefiy, ran violently to the brea^ngdowa of " the Kings Arms and Statues where-ever they found them, " and began futioully to feek out all thofc whom they ac- "counted dependants of his party, by them called Navar- " rills and Politicks i which forced many quiet men to leave '■ their houfes to fave their Uves, which others were fain to V. n-M. f397. " compound for with money, and others unfortunately loft ; " All Churches eccho'd with voices of the Preachers, who Charles " act^ratrated the parricide committed by ^ Henry Valois^ no Su-Kurdhtic. « longer called King of France, but the Herctick, Tyrant, " and perfecuter of the holy Church i and all places were full " of Libels both in verfe and profe, which contained and am- " plified the fame things feveral ways. And the Council of fixteen, having prepared the Preachers to be ready, in cafe any * tumult (hould arife, to appeaft the people, caufe all the Coun- fsllors of Parliament and Officers who adhered to the King, to be imprifoned in the Battille, as enemies to the publick good» This done, they affemble a kind of Kump Parliament^ wKich fubftituting others in the place of thofe they had fecluded, make a publick Declaration for the depofingof the King^ and a new Decree and Engagement of hsly Union for defence of " the Catholick Religion, the fafety of Paris, and other uni- " ted Cities, to oppole thofe who, having violated the publick " Faith, had taken away the lives of the Catholick Princes, to take juft revenge for their murther, and to defend the liber- ty and dignity of the States of Fiance againft all perfons whoever, without exception, 5cc, And this was propofed to be fworn to by all: whereupon there was prcfently a general engagement throughout the whole Kingdom, and for a Head, (f thO'Vmon they make choice of the D. of Mayenne Brother 10 the late D. of Guife, who at the requeft of the Leaguers, come Ofiginal of the Powder Plot. comes to Paris, where a Council of theVnion cpnllfling of 40 of the chief Leaguers, whofe Orders all are to obey upon pain of death, being inflituted, he is by the Parliament de- dared Lieutenant-General of the State and Crown of France, and folemnly fworn to defend the Roman Catholick Apofto- lick Rdigion, the Royal State, the Authority of the Supreme Courts, the priviledges of the Church, arid of the Nobility, the Laws and Cuftoms of the Kingdom, &c. In the mean time to heighten and inflame the odium of the people againft the King, nothing is omitted.either in the Pulpit, or out of it, by flanders, calumnies, and faife reports. And while among other dcvifes they endeavour to reprefent him as a worfiiipper of Satyrs," and a Magiti^n, they exercife a kind of magick or witchcraft againft him, deyifirig religious execra- tions,and inftituting ftrange fuperftitious rites, women and maids clad only in fuch fine linen that their bodies might be feen through if, and feme carrying burning tapers in their hands, they fang over certain my ftetious rithms with dillo- nant and confufed tones and voices, and then fuddenly cxtin- guifhed their torches, as if they hoped or wilhed that the King's life Ihould be thereby, or in like manner alfo extiuT guilhed i and a great deal fuch fluff too long to be here re- lated. By thefe meaps were the people every where inccnfed and enraged againft the Ktrfg v but efpecially by the new Do- dfrines of the Preachers and Confeffors were the minds of men generally fo perverted, th'af they made it alrnoft a fport to break Faith with him, and betray their tiuft, and many thought it their duty j fo that the Cities daily revolted from his obedience. At Bourdeaux the Jtfuites for a confpiracy and tumult raifed there, were by the Prefident of the Pro- vince expelled the City, to prevent the like for the future.- And when from thence they repaired for refuge to Agen and Vcfuna, thofe Cities thereupon prefently rebelled. But the * ye/una Pairs- greateft fury and rage of the people was at Tholoufe, ftirred a^'orum. up, as was believed, by thefe new Theologifts. While the Leaguers are thus bufy both at home and abroad, the King is ; p not idle, but treats rrith his Neighbour Princes and States for rhu. I, 94,. men and money^ and to mitigate the fury of his own people, with, I20 A Difconrfe concermtig the with great importunity ani fubmi(lion,/oficif//or ahfolution for kiliing the Cardinal, from the Pope,who was highly enra- gcd againrt him.for that facrikgicus ad)' as he pretended, but probably ra')re for kil ing the Duke, if that be true which the State of Venice, and the Dukes o. Tufcany and Mantua cer- tified the King, that the P, f; and the Dui^e had agreed in ficret to marry the Pope's Niece to Prince Jonvil the Duke's Son, and to depofe thi King, thruU him into a Monailery, and make the Duke King in his place. His Amb.-jfador going about this affair to Rome, was by the way admonljhei by the Vu}^ of fufcany, that thf King fhould do well to rfuff-more to his own forces and flrength at home, than to the Pope's fa- vour*, for if things fucceedeed well with him in the begin- ning of thofe commotions in France, he fhould have friends enough at Rome, and among them the Pope himfelfi but if otherwife, he fhould find them his bitter enemies. And fo it proved, for when this proud and infolent Pope, to gratifie his own pride and ambition, and magnify his authority in the opinion of the people, had drawn on the King and his Mini- fters to do all afts of fubmiffion and bafe proflration to him, as far as he could, he turned him off at laft without any abfo- lution, and not not long after began to proceed to Excom- munication againft him. Wherefore the King, when he could obtain no favour from the Pope, treats more openly veith the King of Navar, andcomlttdes an agreement with him, to the bo little joy of all fober men, who thought there was no fuch way for fetling that Kingdom, as by this reconciliation of the ' King of France with Navar, the firft Prince of the Bloud, the next Heir of the Crown, and an excellent General and Commander. Had he done this at firft rather than fo bafely and foully broak his Faith, he had certainly by God's blef- fing /which he might then with more reafotj have exptfted) prevented the growth of this fadtion of the League to this height, and moft of this trouble to himfelf and his Kingdoms, But this now afforded new matter for the Preachers, and t Writers to exafperate the minds of the people withal. And the Pulpits ring, and the Preffes fweat with virulent Sermons and Books againft the two Kings. Among thofe who be- ftirred Original of the Potoder Plot, flirred thetnfi,Ives in this kind,w e:e Father Comolet the Jefuif, Gencbrard, Fr. Feu ardentius, and Bucherus famous for his Book de Jufta Henrici 3 Abdicatione, and many others men- tioned by our Author. And in their Sermons, bcfides thofc ways of moving (he people by flirting up their paflions of fear and hatred, they had another part to a<9:, which was to encourage them to a£fion by moving their hopes and expe- (Nations, and this was done by acquainting them with the vidlo;i£s and happy progrefs, and profperous fuccefs of their Armies and friends abroad, amplifying the fame as much as might be. And what-ever news came, whether good or bad, the Preachers were generally the publifhers of it > if good, to magnify, and fet it out to the beft advantage i if bad, to reprefent it to the people as occafipn ferved, partly comforting and encouraging them under the tnisfortune, and partly flirring them up to more forwardnefs, and greater af- firtance to the War. So that thefe matters were toe general and ordinary fubject of their Sermons. And befides thefe gopd fervices whiobthey performed feverally, the famous Col- ledge of Sorbon it fclf, by a publick Decree order that ihe Kings name, and the Prayers for him he put ont of the Canon of the Mafs, and inflead thereof, other Prayers for the Catholick Princes be inferred, and thit thofe who fliall fay Mafs other- wife than by this Decree is appointed,(hall be held for excom- municate, &c... And not to be wanting to the encourage- - ment of his devoted Sons in fo meritorious undertakings, their good Father the F^fe fends out his Monitory againfl the King, whereby he is excommunicate, unlefs within ten days he will do the Leaguers the kindntfs to fet at liberty the Car- . dinal of Bourbon, whom they, having already agreed to the depofingof him, may fet up for their King i and moreover make his fubmiffion within the term ftf 60 days from the pub-. licatioQof the Monitory, which waspofledupin Rome the 23 of May, and within a few days" after publifhed at Meaux Da, p. 8 ten leagues from Parts. Thefe dealings of the Pope with the King feeraed fb hard and unreafonable to the Frinces of Italy, that they advifed the King no longer to treat wrthhhn as a fappliant, but to deal with him according to his own rough Tex. p. nature, ,22 ^ Drfconrfe conczrning the nature, and prefcntiy to feizeupon Avignon and the County Da.p.Sii' of Venieffine. But'the King \vas not a little grieved at if, and faid,"That he thought it very hard that he who had " ever fought and laboured for Religion (hould be rafhly ex- " communicated becaufe he would not fuffer his own throat to be cut by the arms of his Rebel-fubjet^s •, and that thofe * chides V. an- "who had ^ facked Rome, and kept the Pope himfelf pri- ^527' "■ foner, had never been excommunicated ; to which the King Navar^ who was prefent, anfwered j but they were vido- " lious, Sir. Let your Majefty endeavour to conquer, and be aiTured the cenfures (hall be revoked', but if we be overcome, " we (hall all die condemned hereticks. Whereunto the King affented, and all the by-ftanders did the like s and upon that hope order was given that the Army (hould march j and the Kings affairs began to proceed very profperoufly againft the Leaguers. For having firft by fupplies coming in from the King of Navar put a flop to the D. of Mayenne's progreft at Tours, and about the, fame time given a great defeat to the D.of Aumale by the afliftance of LaNoue (foneof the chief Thu I 06. Commanders of the Proteftants) taken Gergeau, Pivlers, Chartres, Eftampes, PoiflTy, Montereau, Pontoife, and ail fuch places and paffages of the Rivers which were fit to ftrengthen the City of Paris, or furnifh it with vidliuals, he forthwith with an Army of 42000 fighting men laies clofe fiege to the City it felf, himfelf on the one fide, and the King of Navar on the other i whereby the Pariiians were fo ftraitned and 814. dejeded, (though the Preachers ufed all their arts in their Pul- pits to animate them, and the Priefts and Friers thcmfelves took up arms, putting themfelves generally upon Military Duty^, that there was no man but thought that within a few days the King would be Matter of it. But in the midtt of this fuccefs, and height of his hopes, a zealous young Frier f Di 816, t Jaques element^ ttirred up by the Sermons which he heard 8i9« daily againtt Henry Valois, the Tyrant and Perfeeutor of the rba. I. 96. Faith, refolved in confcience, as hath been mentioned before, 5c exhorted thereunto by the Prior, (one of the chief Counfel- lots of the League) and other Fathers of his Convent, e (in 123 I: being unlikely that the chief men of the Union, and particularly the Prior, a truHy Counfellor of the Grand-Council of it, (hould not have confered about the faft with the Princes, and with their privity exhorted, and with effeftual mo- tives fpurred on the fimplicity of the Frier. Da. ,p. 819. v. Thu.l. 96. Serres./t. 879. * Duobus port mentibus & aliquot dicbus, quam Pontifcx hanc 5en- tentiam excommunicationis tulerat. Cicarel. p. 445. Original of the Towder Plot: fin all likelihood,not without the privity of the Catholick Piinces), affirming to him that if he lived, he Jhotild be made a Cardinal ') and if he died for freeing the City, and killing the Perfecutor of the Faith he Jhould tvithotti doubt be Cana- sized for Saint, by an expet^ed ftab, put an end to his hopes and his life to- gether,within ^ few days after the afore- faid term of 60 days, prefixed by the Pope, fwho had foretold his unforru- nate end) was expired, to the great joy of the Leaguers and the Pope, as hath been related before, f Seft. 34O this account of the French Story not being then intended . The f Prior of the Convent was Father Edmond-fD^. p. 897. Bourgoin, who being afterward taken at Paris, and convidted Thu. 1. 98. by witnefs to have publickly fin the Pulpit) for feveral days together praifed this murder in ftudied fpeeches, and to have counfelled and infligated the murderer, comparing him alfo in his Sermons, after the fad:, to Judith, and the dead King to Holofernes,, and the City delivered to Bethulia i he was b/ judgment of the Parliament of Tours fentenced to be drawn in pieces by four horfes, his quarters burned, and his alhes fcattered in the wind : which (entence was afterward fevere- ly executed. Not long after at Vendofme was taken, and likewife condemned to dezih,.Father Robert Chejfe a Cordelier P* for Francifcan Frier), who had there publickly praifed the !• 97- King's murderer, and with his Sermons fliired up the com- mon people. 54. This end had Henry 3. when he had fcarce lived out half his days, and in him thus dying without iffue, (after 14 years Marriage, many vifits to Saints,and the ufe of hallowed Ihirts and fmocks for obtaining of iffue), the whole life of Valois, his Baftard brother alfo, the Duke of Angolefme not efcaping a violent death fome years before by a ftab. In this Thu. 1. 89,' 1 King, befides the hereditary guilt of his Anceftors defcended upon him, there are ttpo things efpecially obfervable in his own atJiions, whereby he involved himfelf in the participation of Q the ]! 1 % fi) 1'^ M?f \ider Vlot. * Da. p. 777 Thu. 1. 94. t Eorumq; (Loiaringo- the common guilt of his Family, and aggravated the load of it upon his own head: the one during the Reign of his Bro- ther, in the Maffacre, wherein he was both a Counfellor and an AAor i the other after he came to the Crown himfelf, in his breach of publick Faith with the Proteftants. Of both which we may obfcrve a very correfpondi-nr and exemplary judgment and puniftiment- His fickpcfs of a ^ Bloudyflux forfome time before he was ftibbed, iiis iffue^ and ere he had lived out half his days^ may perhaps have re- fpift to his Grand-fathers and Fathers fin?, feeking by bloudy courfes to extirpate the Proteftantsi becaufe thefe were not peculiar to himfelf, but common to him with his other Bro- thers. But when we fee that very City of Farif, where the Proteftants, with the concurrence of his f counfel and af- fiftance, had been fo furioufly deftroyed, now no lefs/arioK/ rum) in gra- agaii^} him > that City which to others had given example usTuthw'^&"" cruelty againft the Proteftants, now gives them example fuafor Parift- rebellion againft him i and him on the other fide no Jefs enfis laniens enriged againft it, faying but the day before that fatal firoke, fuiffecreditur, that he hoped within a few days there ftiould be neither walls de qua & glo- houfis, but only the very foot-fteps of Paris; when we dTtusdh'rhu' altnoft all thofe who had been the executors of that Majfacre-, D and were not cut off at the Siege of Rochel, (as moft of them were, of (he common fort efpecialiy^ now engaged id Arms againj} him \ and thofe who had joyned with him to deftroy the Proteftants, now confpiring i)is deflrudion ; when we fee him excommunicated by the Pope, whofe pretended authority is the principal part of that Religion, which with fo much cruelty and perfidioufnefs was fought to be efta- blifhed by that Malfacre. Laftly, when we fee, after all ima- ginabie injuries and indignities offered him, his murder not only plotted ind coankWtdhy the chief of the Grand Coun- cil at Paris, but alfo executed by an Emiffary fent from thence^ by a religious Zealot of that Keligion, for which himfelf had *■ Thu. 1. 51. been fo barbaroufly cruel, and in that ^ very place at St. Cloud, Scrres p. 789. where fome time the Council of the Maffacre had been held: Thiswemay,not without reafon, look upon as the juft j^idg- ment of God upon him, for his wicked dealings in that bar- baroi.' Original of the Powder Plot. 127 barous MafTacre. Again, when we fee hii Popijh Suhjelis every where brea\_ faith with him, and all bonds and oaths of Obedience and Fidelity to him, and teach and hold it to be their duty fo to do: when we fee them, through whofe im- portunity he had violated the publick faith, given to the Pro- teflants, to rage and ftorm, and furioufly exclaim upon his breach of faith with themfelves: when we fee him brought to need and defire the agijlance of the King of Navar and his Protefiants-, with whom he had broken faith, againft thofe for whom, to comply with their perfidious and rebellious hu- mours, he did it; and by them notwithftanding thus brought to his end and murthered, with whom he had fo bafely com- plied in that perfidious dealing i this we may likewife with great reafon look upon as a juft judgment of God upon him, for that his perfidious dealing with the Proteftant?. And certainly, if all the circumftances of the Hifiory from that barbarous Maffacre of the Proteftants at Merindol and Ca- briers, under Francis 2. to the death of this his Grand fbn Henr. 3. the laft of his race, for almoft 50 years, be duly con- fidered, it will be hard to find in any Hiftory a more eminent example of Divine Vengeance profccuting a Family to the utter extirpation of if, than this; an example wherein the judg- ment of God is more confpicuous and remarkable, or the caufcsof that judgment more manifefi and apparent, where- in the fin and the punilhment do more exactly agree s or of a more tem3tkih\tdifiinguiJhingprovidence,if with this,the hapy reign and adlions of their neighbour Prince Queen Eliza- beth be impaitiilly compared. This was a judgment not upon one perfon alone, nor upon a Family, fo as to involve all in one fudden deftrucSion, as is fometimes feen i but a con- tinned prbfecutiori of vengeance againft a whole Family for three generations, without intermiffion : the Grand-father y ("Fran. I.) not long enjoying himfelf or his life after he had ' ' authorized that fatal petfecution j His Son, Hear. 2. (having time to repent and reform, and admonifticd fo to do by his dying Father, but perfevering in his Fathers fin) cut off by a violent death in the height and hert of his perfceutions againft the Proteftants, and upon his confummrtion of an 0^2 agree- 126 Dtfcourfe Concerning i^e agreement for a War againft them j Hit four Sons all living to be men,but not to halt the age of men-, three of them coming fuccetfively to the Crown, but fo as rather only to wear the Crown, than, by a juft and peaceable exercife of their autho- rity,to fway the Scepter, being at firft over-ruled by the de- ceitful and pernicious counfels of their Mother and her Ita- lians, and the violent courfes of the Guitian Fadion to de- - liroy their fubjeds > and at laft neceffitated, by the bold at- tempts of the Gutfians, and fury of the Leaguers, to fight for Crown, Liberty and Life againft them", whereby they and their Kingdom were continually etr^broiled in Civil Wars, and miferable ccnfufions: each of them fucceeding other, as in their accefs to the Crown, fo in their unhappy reign, (if they might be faid to reign, while fo obnoxious to the wills of others, and continually imbroiled in fuch confufions) and exit and catafiophre of it: the firji (Francis 2.) cat off by'3 death remarkable, though not for the kind, yet for the time and feafon of it, both in lefped of his years, and of thofc who were preferved by it > (V. Sed. 40. p. 63,64.) the next (Charles p.J \Wmg kmc years longer, and thereby more ca- pable,by his own perfonal management, of the affairs oF the Kingdom, to derive the guilt of his Anceftors mifcarriages upon himfclf, and increafe it by his own, which accordingly he did in no mean degree, being likewife cut off by a death every way remarkable, in refped both of the time and all other circumftances j and laitly tfce third Brother (Hen. 3.J coming likewife to that unhappy end, which, hath been but now related i all of them, with their Brother Alancon, dy- ing without iffueio fucceed them. Nor did this fate attend only the fucceflion, but light alfo upon thofe who were inca- pable to fucceed in the Government > their hafiard Brother Angolefme, who had been a forward ador in the Maffacrc, being alfo, as hath been faid, cut off by a violent death > and *V. Seft. 39. of their Sifiers, Elizabeth the eldeft * married to Phil. 2. of p.66. Spain, (a Marriage concluded, with an agreement between him and her Father, of a War againft the Proteftants, but folemnizcd with the otherwifc untimely death of her Fa- ihgr), and by Philip her Husband firft employed in the Con- Original of the Towder Plot. 127 * Confultation at Bayonne, and at laft brought to that f un- y happy end when great with child, and in the 23 th. year her age, which hath been mentioned before, and is more fully -j- y. Seft. 44. related in the late French Hiftory of Dom Carlos; and Mar- g«ret~the youngeft, firft forced by her Mother and Brother Charles to a Marriage with the King of Navar, (that unhap- py Ma'rriage which was made the introdu(3ion to the Maf- facre), afterwards for her * lewdnefs and incontinency re- * V. Busbeq. proachfully turned from the Court by her next Brother Henr. fp- Aug. zj. 3. and at laft divorced from her Husband when King France, without iffue by him, unlefs (he had any by any ' other which was kept fecret, as her Brother objet^ed to her. If their other Sifter Claud married to Charles Duke of Lorain was lefs unhappy in this refpedt, (he fecros lefs to have me- rited the like misfortune, for we meet with no mention of her in all the flory of thefe confuftons in France. Thus were five Kings in a continued fuccellion cut off, befides three others of the fame line, (the youngeft fon of Francis i. in few months after the beginning of thofe perfecutions, at his age of 23. and the fecond and. youngeft of Hen. 2.) who never came to the Crown, and their whole line and pofterity extirpated in France, while they fought the extirpation of- the Proteftants there •, whereby the Crown at laft, notwith- ftanding all oppofition and endeavours to hinder if, dtfcen- ded to a Proteftant Prince j and all this by a conftant courfe of Divine Vengeance upon that Family for about 44 years, for fo long it was from the execution of the Decree of the Parliament of Province, Apr. 1545.. and the death of the King's youngeft fon Sept. 8. following, to the murder of Henr. 3. Aug. lySp, the very fame (pace of time which ^een Elizabeth happily and profperoufly reigned in England, and moft of it contemporary. Wherein it is very plain and cbfervable a triple difference bettveen her and them, viz. a differ'- ent caufe, or end and aim of their adtions, a different manner of proceeding,and a different fuccefs. As to the Caufe ^ they defigned and endeavoured the fupprcfliqn of the reformed Religion, and extirpation of the Profeflbrs of it in, their ttr- ritoiies. i fhe eftabliflicd and promoted it in her Dominions. As^. iz8 A Difcourfe conurmng the As to their manner of proceeding-, they fought to attain their ends by fraud and violence, flaughters and inexecrable (cvcri- fy, either without Law, or contrary to Law, or by executions exceeding in feverity the very rigour of the Decrees, Laws or EdxSts againrt the Proteftants v and all for no other caufe but their Religion > a Religion which teacheth nothing dilhonou- table to God or Chrill, or injurious to man which embra- ccth alt that can reafonably be proved to have been taught by Chrift or his ApoAles i receivcth, honoureth, and commends to the diligent ftudy of all the facred Scriptures j fuch a Re- ligion, as they who perfecute it, confefs to be true in what it affirms, and is the moft eflential part of their own, only be- lieves not what they are not fufficiently convinced to be true, and with no little reafon fufpedir to be falfe, or not propofed to'their belief by Divine authority. She did nothing with- out Law, or contrary to the Laws > was very moderate in ma- king, and no lefs in executing any Laws againft Papills: The firfl (he made in the firft and fift years of her Reign, being fo far from introducing any new feverity,that they take off (rem the harfhnefs of what was in force before > and thofe and the reft not being made againft their Religion in general, but upon fpecial and particular, neceffary and urgent occafions, for the neceffary afferting and prefervation of her own juli authority againft thofe who endeavoured to fet up a preten- ded foreign jutifdidfion againft her, to abfolve her lubjefts from all duty and obligation of obedience fo her, and excite them to rebellions, and to joyn with foreign enemies, or by affailination to deftroy her» whereby (he was ncce/Btated and forced, through their continual wicked, feditious and re- bellious pradfices, for the curbing and rertraining. of them, to proceed, contrary to her own difpofition, to more and more feveritiesof Laws, which, though none of them made without juft caufe, and fome fpecial provocation, yet were executed with admirable moderation j the next, after thofe above mentioned, which was made in the thirteenth year of V, Camd. an." her Reign, being occafioncd by the Northern Rebellion, and IJ77. p. z8^. (hg Pope's Bull, to abfolve her fubjedts from their obedience i yet notwithftanding in fix whole years after was not put in cxecu- A Difcourfe concerning the 225 execution againft any one, though there were thofe apprehen- ded who had offended againft it j and in ten years after that rebellion were there but five executed, till the further prove- cations before mentioned in the 2p th. and following Para- graphs necellitafed the execution oi the Laws then in force, and theenaifingof fome others in the 23,27.2p, and 35 years of h;r Reign i and yet did not the feveiity which wasexer- cifed in all her Reign againft Papifts, equal what was done againft the Protpftants in two years of her Sifters Reign, and oftner than once, in few days in France, and profeffcdly for their Religion only, whereas it cannot be proved that throughout her whole Sir Fr. Bacon in his Obfervations Reign there was any one executed meer- wpon the Libel, point and Col- Iv for their Relieion. Such certainly leftion of tlie Queens Felicities,and „as he, lenUy and mod=,a.ion b .hi, J/CV/niSf SS refpect, confidenng the daily and high tmg the Sanguinary Laws, (Edit, provocations againft her, as plainly ar- Lond. 1(564. quarto). ' gues an admirable' magnanimity and piety in her, and is fcatce to be parallell'd in any Hiftory, not to be denied but by fuch as have caft off all ingenuity and fenfe of their own credit and reputation, and hath extorted the f confeliion, and provoked the free acknowledgment of f v. Watfon her more candid and ingenuous adverfaries. Tliere might Widdrjngton, alfo be obfcrved a great difference between the actions of the Proteftants in France, and the Papifts both here and there 'lefuitr'^* too, but that, for brevity fake , (hall be left to the Readers Reafons un- own obfervation from what hath been related of each, reafonabk. Therefore laftly,as to their fuccefs, they, while by fraud and violence they fought the utter.extirpation of the Reformed Religion, and Profeffors of h in France, were thcnnfelvcs ex- firpated there, and the laft of their race cut off by his own Subjedsof that fame Religion, which by thofe wicked couifes was fought to be eftahlifhed, and the Religion which they fought to fupprefs and extirpate, took deeper root, and flourifhedmore, notwithftardirig allthcir^ippotitiwi and per*- fecutions : ^e, while, with- rare raoderatkin, lind a-gcherons plain-dealing conftancy and refolution, eftahlifhed^ the Re- formed Religion, botb eaftly and happily attained her end, and 13 o A Difcourfe concerning the and was her felf eftablifhed in her Throne, and in a long* happy, and profpetous Reign, as long as all theirs from the beginning of their perfecutions, prefervcd from all thefecret plots, and machinations, and open rebellions, and alTaults of her enemies, made vidlorious over all, and at laft brought to her grave in peace, and in a good old age, leaving her King- donns in peace, and in a flourilhing condition, and a blelTed and glorious memory behind her i while they were cut off in the Howeror middle of their age, and left their Kingdom embroiled in Civil Wars, Confufion and Mifery, and an in- famous memory of their no lefs unfuccesful, than perfidious and barbarous aftions. 55. Nor was tbii difiinguijhing'Providence thus v\(ihi\c only between her and thofe who perfecuted the Reformed Reli- gion, but alfo bitmen her and thofe vebo deferted the fame, as is to be feen in the next fucceeding King of France, Henr. 4. (the greateft part of whofe Reign was contemporary with her), and in his Father before him Antony King of Navar^ who See ^foVe being drawn in by the Pope's Legate and Guifes, in hopes to Seft. 41. p.^7-'^cover his Kingdom of Navar, or fatisfadfion for it, .to de- fert the Proteftants, and become Head of the Popifli party, within the fpace of about one year after, ended his life by a * p. 21. fhot before Rouen. Had he lived longer, fays * Pcrefix, the Hugonots had without doubt been ill dealt with in France, t Thu. 1. 33. But having received his deaths-wound, he became more f fo- licitousfbr his own falvation than for his Kingdom, for which he had thus wavered in his Religion, and at laft declared, that if he recovered, he would openly embrace the Protcftant Pro- feflion, and live and die in it. His fon Henry 4. of France was bred up from his childhood in the Reformed Religion, * 1569. and when he was grown up * profeffed himfelf Head of that •f Thu. 1.45. party, and fo continued till his f unhappy Marriage mth a fo- pijft Lady, Margaret Sifter to Charles p. then King of France, which, though for its warrant it had the fpecious colour and pretence of confirming the Pacification, and begetting and eftablifliing a better accord between the two parties by fo near an alliance between the two Heads of them, yet proved, as it was intended by the others, a fnare to the deftrudion of the chief Ofigiftal of the Powder Plot. chief pcrfons, and of great numbers of the reft of his own party) and to himfelf, not only unfuccesful in refpecS of his wife, and that not fo much through her fterility, as her incon- ftincy and unfaithfulnefs to his bed i but alfo a fnare, where- by, after he had feen the lives of his beft friends, and of great numbers of innocent people of his own Religion moft bar- ' baroufly and inhumanely taken away, he was himfelf forced, for the favingof his own life, to change hit Religion, in fliew and appearance at leaft. But this being by conftraint, and Tliu. 1. ^4. only in appearance, Cfor Religion fas was well perceived by Henr. 3.after he had received his deaths-wound) which is planted in mens minds by God, cannot be commanded or forced by men). Upon the firft opportunity he returned again to the open profeffion of that Religion,which in the mean time he retained in his heart, and conftantly profelTed and main- tained the fame till after the defcent of the Crown of France to him. This happened very feafonable for him in many refpeSs, being then not a child or youth unexperienced in the World, but of mature ^e (about 35.) and firm judgment, well ex- perienced in affairs both Military and Civil, of State and Government j being then reconciled to, and in perfcdf amity with thedeceafed King, who, upon his death-bed, acknow- ledged him for his lawful SuccefTor, recommended the King- ^ dom to him,and exhorted the Lords there prefent to acknow- ledg him for their lawful Sovereign, notwithftanding his Re- ligion, and obey him accordingly •, being then not in Beam or the remoter parts of the Kingdom with fmall or no forces, but before the chief City of it in the head of a great Army under his command, many of thofe in the Army who difliked his Religion, yet being, by the confideration of his undoubted right, the recommendation of the deceafed King, and their own frefh experience of his virtue fince his coming to the Army, reconciled to his perfon, acknowledging his fovereign- ty, and fubmitting to his obedience, now not as General, but as their lawful and undoubted Prince. This was 20 years after he had firft profefted himfelf Head of the Proteftants, 13 years after he had again returned to the profefiion of that Religion wherein he had been bred and educated > when he R had Original of the Totoder Vlot, had been all this while ptefeived, notwithftanding all the power of France againft him, and had withftoodall the ten- rations which, after the death of Alancon, whereby he be- ^ came next heir to the Crown of France, could invite him to change his Religion *, and when, after all oppofition, he was, as it were, led by the hand to the poffelfion of the Kingdom. Yet was he not fo entirely pojfejfed of it, but that there was ftill matter and occation left him to make him fenfibleof that Providence which, having preferved him all this while, had atlaftraifed him to the Throne ", and to exercife his d^en- dance upon the fame for the fotyre, for his entire poffeffion of the Kingdom. He was, like David , after many and long trials, advanced to the Throne", but yet, like him, not pre- fently put into the full polfeffion of the Kingdom. For the Leaguersy who thought his being an Heretick, as they repu- ted him, was a fufGcient difability to his tight to the Crown, thought the fame a fufficient warrant for them to keep him from it, and fo continue the rebellion againfl him which they had begun againft his predeceffbr. Thu. 1. 98, And to remove or prevent all fcruple of Confcience in Foul.8, c. 7. that refpedt, the Colledge of Sorhon gave them their folemn refolution, fMay 7. \'S90-) That they who oppofed him (hould merit much before God and Men, and if they refifted (fo mindfol were they of the Apoftles Dodrine, Rom. 13.) to the efl&ifion of their bloud, (hould obtain a reward in Hea- ven, and an immarceffible or never-fading Crown of Mar- tyrdom. And, left this (hould not be fufficient, they inftitute a Froceffton, which was made in the prefence of the Pope's Legate, Cardinal Bellarmine, and all the Bifhops who came with him from Italy, wherein Rofe Bifhop of Senlis, and the Prior of the Catthufuns holding in one hand a Crofs, and in the other a Halberd, led the Van, the Fathers of the Capu- cins, Foliacens, Paulians, Francifcans, Dominicans, Carme- lites, following in order, all accoutred, their Cowles hanging back upon their (houlders, and having on inftead o( them. Head-pieces, and Coats of Male", and after them the younger Monks in the fame habit, but armed with Muskets,which they frequently and inconfiderately fired at thofe they met, with a Original of the Powder Plot. fliot whereof one of Ordinal Cajetans domefticks-was kiU led, who being (lain at fo religious a (hew, was therefore held to be received into the bleffed companies of the CnnfelTors. After this was made another Proceffion by the Duke of Ne- mours, and Claud Brother to the Duke of Autnale, who com- manded the Infantry, and the reft of the Officers of the Ar- my, who upon the great Altar of the principal Church rc- miVil their League and Covenant, and fwore upon the Gofpel to live and die for the caufe of Religion, and to defend the City againft Navar. Ihe Pofe alfo, that this Rebellion might want no authority which his infallibility could give if, though there was no other fcruple to his right and title but only his Religion, fought againft him with both fwordsj by his Monitory againft the Prelates, &c. who fubmitted to his obedience by his Legate, Cardinals, and other E miffarics fent to encourage the Rebels, and by his forces and mony, where- of in about lo months time he wafted 5000000 of aureo?,moft upon the French War, when there was more need of it to have relieved the poor, who in the mean time died of famine at home : and Clem. 8. who not long after fucceeded in that Chair, faid he was refolved in himfelf to fpend all his trea-^'^" fures and bloud too, if there was need, to exclude Navar from his expeded poiTeffion of the Kingdom. Nor was their good fon the Catholick King of Spain wanting to the promo- tion of fo juft a caufe. And in his oven Army, though many, otherwifeof the Romifti Religion, fubmitted to him without any conditions or delay, and others were fatisfied with his word and promife, (which his former faithfulnefs had made of great authority even with his enemies, v. PereHx, p. 1 i2.j that he would refer all matters of Religion to a Lawful, Ge- neral or National Council, and others with his Oath, yet ma- ny having more regard to their own private intereft and con- cerns than to their duty, deferted him, and either flood neuter to fee which way the fcales would turn, or turned to the Leaguers, Neverthelefs, not only of the Nobility, Gentry and Laity, but alfo of the Clergy, Prelates, Arch-Bi(hops, Bifhops and others, many were more fcnfible of their duty than cither to be drawn with fuch falfe, though fpecious pre- R 2 tences, 134 Thu.^1. 101. Xha. L ?7. J Difcourfe Concerning the tences, or to be affrighted with the terrors of the Pope's pre- tended authority from it. And therefore when the Pope's Mandates were read in the Parliament whi h fat at "tours, they made an A£t of Parliament whereby the Monitorials made at llotne. Mar. i. were declared Hul, Abufwe-, Seditious, to be damned, full of impieties and importurcs, contrary to the facred T>ecrces,Kights lmmunitics,and liberties of the Gallican Church, and it was decreed that the Copies of them fealed uiththe feat of Marfil. Landiranus, and figncd by Sextil. Lampinetus .Jhould be by the common Hangman publicly torne, and burnt before the Palace Gates, &e. that Landiranus, rvho,pretending himfelf the Popes Legate, brought thofe Mandates jhould be apprehended, Sec. and Gregory calling himfelf Pope the i\th, of that name, was declared an enemy of thepublick Peace, of the Vnion of the Ca- tholick^Church, and of the King and Kingdom, a partaker of the. Spanijh Confpiracy, a Favourer of Kebels, and guilty of the cruel, dcteftable and inhumane parricide treacheroufly committed upon the mofi Chrijiian and truly CatholicJ^ King Henr. 3. And this was required to be publifhed by the Arch-Bifliops and Bifhops through their Diocelfcs. The like was alfo done at Chaulrm and Caen. The next day after this was an Edi£i iiaidt in favour of the Protejiants, with the general confentof all as necelfary, publifhed, whereby the Edi^ of July was re- voked, and the former Edids in favour of the Profeflants re- ftortd. And very fair they were to have created a Patriarch of their own in France, which the Senate urged, but was op- pofed by the new Cardinal of Bourbon, a man of no worth, who was out of hope of being the man himfelf, and was a promoter of a new fa6tion of the Thirdlings among the King's party, yet in thofe things which concerned the Colla- tion of Benefices, they gave that power to the Arch-Bifhop which the Pope had ufurped or pretended. The King in a fpeech to a great Affembly of the Nobility and Officers of his Army, upon the death of the former King, had told them, that of thofe things which, as they knew, his PredecefTor had at his death recommended to him, this was the chief, "that he Jhould maintain his SubjeSi of the Roman Catholick^, and of the Reformed Religion in equal liberty, (asquabili in libextate) till Original of the Vovpder Tlot. I35 *ill by the authority of a lanoful Oecumenical or National Council jomething Jhould he decreed concerning that difference, rvhich he rvould religioujly ohferve : and profeflld before them all, that he had rather that day Jhould he his laji, than to do any thing whereby he might he faid to waver in his Faith, or to have renoun- cedthat Religion which hitherto he hadprofejfed, before he (hould he further inJiruUed by a lawful Council, to whofe authority he didfubmithimfelf: and therefore he gave fiee leave to ihofe who were not fatisfied with this to depart, adding > and when they have forfak^n me, yet God will never forfake me who, I call your felves to witnefsffrom my childhood hath as it were led me by the hand, and heaped upon me great and unconceivable benefit f. Nor did the beneficence of God toward David appear greater, or more miraculous, than when beyond the expeClation of all, through fo many difficulties and dangers he brought me to the Throne > Jo that I ought not in the leaji to doubt, but he who breab^ ing through fo many obftacles hath called me to the Kingdom, will prefcrve me in it, and defend me againfi all the affaults of my enemies, &cfi'l value not the Kingdom of France, no, nor the Em" pire of the whole World fo much, that for the obtaining of them I would make any defeSHon from that Religion, which as true I have from my tender years imbibed with my Mothers milk^, and embrace any other faith than what, as I have faid before jhould he rejolved in a lawful Council. The like confidence in God, Da. p. 900. with refignation to his will, he afterwards exprefied in a pi- Pcrefix,p. 147. ous Prayer in the head of his Army before the Battel of Tvry, after which he obtained a very notable Vidtory over a much greater Army. Yet notwithllanding, after all this, whether through the importunity of the Roman Catholicks of his own party, or the violence of his enemies, who were affem- bled toeIe<3 a Catholick King, which was much urged by the Pope and the King of Spain, he fell off from his conftancy, Thu. 1.106, and without the determination or inflrudfion of any lawful General or National Council, changed his Religion, and at laft alfofubmitted himfelf to the Pope. The report of this being brought to §ueen Elizabeth,who had been very liberal in her affifiance to him upon the fcore of Religion, and was very fo- camden.an; licitous for him, (he prefently difpatched Th, Wilkes to know 1595. the A Difcourfe concerning the the truth of it, and if not already done, earneftly with reafons which (he fent in writing to diffwade hinti tiom it. To whom the King cxcufed Himfelf from the necediry of his condition » which he alfo did by Morlantius to the Queen her felf, with great offers of amity and kindnefs, calling her his Sifter, (as is ufual), whereat, being much grieved and troubled, (he pre- fently took her pen, and wrote the enfuing Letter, in what Language 1 know not, but thus in Englifh out of the Latins in Camden. Alar, hoTP great grief, what a floud of forrotr, rvhat fighs did J feel in twr mind from tbofe things which Morlantius hath told me? 0 the faith of men I is this the JVorld? Could it he that any earthly thing could drive the fear of God from you? Can Tte expeS an happy ijfue of this deed ? Or can you thinkjhat he, who with his right hand had hitherto fufaimd and preferved you, was now about to leave you ? It is a thing very dangerous to do evil, that good may come of it- Tet the good Spirit, as 1 hope, will infpire abetter mind into you- In the mean t^elwill mt ceafe, in the firji place of my Prayers, to commend you to the Z?i- vine Majejly, and to befeech him that the hands of Efau may net fpoil the blefing of Jacob. 7hat you Jolemnly offer me your *Thishathre- Amity, I k^tow that I have indeed well deferved if, nor truly fpeft to hh would it repent me, hady.iu not changed your * Father. Certain- fubmifiion to ly j not from thence be your Sijier by the Father. How- ^ alwayi more dearly love my own, than ges Tthcrein he our adfcititious Father» which God befi l^ows, whom I befeech re- called her Si- duce you to the right path of a more found judgment. fter,or hitnfelf Iter Brother. mode, Ifiih the new will I have nothing to do. ELIZABETHA R. 5d. Thus this good Qaeen: but Kirrg who had before loofened the ties of Conlcience for the (aving of his life, and began now to break through the fame for tl^ fatisfadion of his \ A Dtfcourfe concerning the hisluft,and the enjoyment of a f woman > it is no wonder if he did (he fame for the enjoyment of a Kingdom, which per- fGabrielle haps he might have better fecured otherwife, and his life with p it. It is tiue, he never mm fo far as to perfecute the Prote- '"•'^4' jiantSjiS his Predeccffors in the Kingdom of France did, and his Father began to do, and perhaps had proceeded further, had he efcaped that fatal wound •, but while he took liberty to himfelf to change that profefTion, gave them the liberty to retain and enjoy it, and under better conditions than ever they enjoyed, or were granted them before, which was a prin- cipal caufe which made his Reign fo much more profperous and happy than theirs. Yet, as in thofe two particulars,for his lulV, and for his Kingdom, he did forfake his Confcience and Religion, fo did God at laft, after feveral fair warnings, (otfake and leave him to the * ruine of his health, by the fa- * v. Perefix tisfadion of his lulls, the difappointment of his counfels, by P- 400, 46r,' the treachery of the ]efuits, and the lofs of his life by the 4^^* hand of a zealot of that Religion which he had chofen i whereas this blelfed Queen who gave him this pious admo- nition, and her felf continued faithful to her God, and con- ftant in her pious refolutions (0 the laft, was to the laft blefled and prefeived,notwithftandingall the Plots and Confpiracies, Rebellions and Invafions, and attempts of her enemies the Romanifts againft her. By this atS of his he broke indeed thefatftion of the Leaguers, and fo more eafily quieted his poftellion o-f the Kingdom, yet had he foon an occafion to immind him how uncertain and fhort his enjoyment of it was like to be, unlefs ftill prefeived in the midft of Peace by the fame Providence by which he had been hitherto preferved in his Wars, and advanced to it through fomany dangers and difficulties. For within a month after his converfion to the j Romilh profeflion, was apprehended an afTafin, Peter Barrier^ who from place to place had followed him to kill him. This fellow had confered about it with a Carmelite and a Capu- chin, who both encouraged him to it, and when he made fonre fcruple by reafon the King was turned Catholick, as he faid, he was confirmed in it by Chr. Aubre Curate of St. Andrea, who for his further confirmarion led him to Varade Redlor of the 7^ 138 A Difcourfe concerning the ■the Jefuites Colledge, who eafed him of all fcruple?, and fur- ther animated him to perform the undertaking, and when he had been confeffed, and received the Sacrament in their Col- ledge, difmilTed him to that purpofe. Having provided him a knife for the purpofe, it was not long before he had an op- portunity to have done it, but was ftrangdy reftrained, being pulled back as it were with cords tied about his heart, as he afterward confeffed. The like opportunities he often had at other places whither he followed the King for that purpofe, but was by fome little accident or other ftill prevented, or had not the power to do it, though otherwife a fearlefs man. At laft being difcovered and apprehended, and brought to his trial, he confidently confeffed the whole matter, railing upon the SetSaries and his ]udges. Before his execution, he was ordered to be racked to make him confefs his complices» but in the mean time it was thought fit to fend fome to him to admonifli him of his error, whereof he was fo throughly , convinced by Oliver Barengarius, a Dominican, who had all • along been of the King's party, that acknowledging his er- ror, he reckoned himfelf happy that he was prevented from committing fo great a wickednefs as he intended, though by his own moft miferable death, detefling his purpofe, and thofe who had perfwaded him to if, and told him that if he died in the enterprize, his foul Jhould immediately he received by Angels into Heaven., there to enjoy an eternal happinefs rvith God, and admonifhcd him, that if he Jhould happen to he tak§n and tor- tured,he Jhould not name any of them voho had perfwaded him to it, for then he muji kpow, he (hould incur the pains of eternal damnation: and before his execution he gave notice of two Prielis, who at Lions had undertaken to kill the King, and, for the greater caution, defcribed their perfons. This re- *So Dav. m newed the odium of the Jefuits, who were reputed not ohly Chaftel'^°lls ^ inventers of this mifchievous War, them the firft but alfo, what by their profane Sermons, what by the poifon authors and of their naughty Doarine fecretly in confelEon inflilled continual fo- into the minds of the inraged people, to have expo- Lea'eue^p ^ ^^^^^^bya pernitious example, thefacred perfons of Princes to 1131? be murdered by every one. The next danger of this kind which A Dijhourfe concernitig the which he was in came yet a little nearer to him, when in the Chamber of his f beloved Midrefs, happily at the inftant, floopingtofalute a Gentleman that came in, he received that flroke only at his mouth, and without greater hurt than the lofsof a tooth, which was defigned at his heart by John Cha- ftel a Scholar of the Jejuites, who, through a flagitious life grown defperate, hoped by fo heroick an atft for the caufe of the Roman Catholick Religion, to merit, though not Salva- tion, whereof he defpaired,yet fome mitigation of his punifli- ment, perhaps from the eighth degree to the fourth. He was educated and ftudied in the Jefuites School, and was affiftant in Philofophy to John Guerret a Prieft of that Society > and though vitious above his age, yet was in cfteem with thofc Fathers, who ufed to admit him among their choice difciples, tortheir more fecret conferences and religious exercifes i and had often heard in that Society, that it was not only lawful to kill the King, but a thing much conducing to the caufe of Religion, whereof it feems he was fo throughly perfwaded, that notwithftanding the terriblenefs of his execution, he ex- prelTed no figns of forrow or repentance» but on the contra- ry, being firft put to the rack, gave out fuch aflertions as the Court declared feditious, contrary to the word of God, and condemned by the facred Decrees, and made it treafon to re- peat them. As he had before freely confefled, fo when he was tortured he confirmed the fame, that he was bred up in the Schools of the [efuites, and had often heard it difcourfed, and difputed, that it was not only lawful, but alfo meritorious, to kill Henry of Bourbon Cthe King) a rtlapfed Heretick, and often faid that he learned that Dodcine from them. Whereupon their Colledge being fearched, among the papers of F. John Gmgnard were found many writings that taught that Dodlrine, many things againll the late King, and that praifed the murder of him v and likewife againft the prefent King, that perfwaded the killing of him, and tending to ie- diiion and parricide ; that it would be well done to thrttji Na- r var, though profefftHg the Catbolic}{Religio», into a Monajiery, . there to do penance if without war he cannot be depofed, war is to be made againji him j if war cannot be made, he mufi by any S mean's A Vifcourfe Cottcernittg the tneayts he out of the voiiy.i &c. all whicl\ he was con* vidied to have written with his own hand, and was therefore hanged. Alfo fohn Gueret the ordinary Confeffor of ChafteJ, F. Alexander Haye, and John Bell, all of the fame Society were likewife convided of (he like offences, but wfere con- demned only to perpetual banifhment and confifcation of their goods. . „ « 57. The Society of the Jefuites, to whom the Bilhop of Ckrmont gave his houfe in Paris called Clermont houfe, from whence they were called the Society of Clermont by thofe who difliked their ambitious, arrogant appropriating to them- felves the Title of Jefuites, as that which doth belong to all true Chriftians, was by the recommendation of Charles, Cat- dinal of Lorrain, (the Guifians alwaies highly favouring this new Society), firft admitted in France in the year 1550: by Henr. 2. of whom was obtained a Charter for them to build and ered a School at Paris, but there only, and not in other Cities. But when this Charter and the Pope's Bull of con- fiimation of their infiitution were brought into the Court to be allowed, and were read, the Parliament referred them both to the conlideration of the Bijhop of Faris, and of the Colledge of Divines. Whereupon they gave their Sentence in writing, lo this effedi That this new Society, by an infoknt Title op- propriating to themfelves thettameof Jefus, and fo licentioufly admitting any perfons,ho«foever illegitimate, facinorous and in- famous, without any rcfpeH, and which nothing differs from other fecular pcrfons in Kites, Ceremonies, or rule of living, where- by the Orders of Monies are dijiinguijhed s moreover, is endowed with jo many Priviledges, Liberties and Immunities, efpecially in the Adminijiration of the Sacraments, to the prejudice of the Prelates, and of the Sacred Order, and alfo even of the Princes and Lords, and to the great grievance of the people, con- trary to the Priviledges of the Vniverfity of Paris ', feemr to violate the honourablenefs of the Monaftick Order, to ener- vate the fiudious, pious, and neceffary exercife of Virtue, Abfti- nence. Ceremonies and Authority , and alfo to give occajion to ethers to forfake their Vows,to withdraw their due Obedience from Original of the Powder riot. 141 the Prelattti Unfuflly dtprive the Lordj, both Ecclefiafical and others^of their rights'tto introdnce great difiurbance in the Civil & Ecclefiafiical Government, Quarrels, Suitj.'Diff€ntions,Contenti' ons- Emulations, Rebellions, and various Scijfures', that for thcfe caufes, this Society feems very dangerous in refpcS of Religion, as that which is likp to difiurb the Peace of the Church., to ener- vatt the MoHajiick^ Vifcipline, and to tend more to Veflru£fion than to Edification. This fo Aartkd the Society, that they defifted from any ,further profecution till the Reign of Francis 2. When the Guifians, who highly favoured this new Society, carrying all before them, they refumed the bufinefs again, and firft the Bijhop of Paris, Euft. Bellaius, was required to give bis Sentence, which he did in writing i that that Society, as all new Orders, was very dangerous, and at thefe times infiituted rather to (iir up Commotions, than to make up the Peace of the Church: and after a (harp cenfute of their arrogant title, ad- ding, that in the priviledges granted to it by Paul 3. are many things rep'Ugnant to the Common Law , and prejudicial to the power and authority of the Bijhops, Curates, and Vniverfities, and therefore it would be more advifahle, that fince they are by the Pope appointed and bound to infirud the furfis and Infidels, and publijh the Gojpel among them,yet in places which are near to them they (hould have their Colledges ajfigned, as heretofore the Knights of Rhodes had in the borders and out skjrts of the Chrifitans. This and the other fentence being read, and confidered by the King in Counfel, the Court notwithftanding, through the in- (ligation of the Cardinal of Lorrain, was commanded to publifh as well the Pope's as the King's Charter, without any regard to the intcrceflion of the Bidiop and Colledge of Divines', and the Jefuites exhibited a fupplication to the Court, whereby they fubjetfted themfelves to the Common Law, and renounced all priviledges contrary to it. But the Parliament thought fit rather to remit the whole bu(incfs to a General Council, or to a Convention of the Gallicane Church. And at a great meeting of the Bifhops at the Con- ference at Poify,thcy were admitted to teach, but under many eonditions to change their namcjbe fubjed to the Bilhop of the S 2 Diocefs A Difcourfe concerniftg the Diocers,& to do nothing to the prejudice of the Bi(hops,Col- ledges, Curates, Univeifiiies or other Orders, or their Jurif- didion and Fundion, but be governed according to the pre- fcript of the Common Law, and renounce all contrary pri- viledges, &c. Hereupon wa> opened Clermont School at Paris. But when this liberty was interrupted by the whole Univeificy of Paris, the bufinefs was again brought before the Tarliament. The Univerfity having before advifed with Carolus Molinaus, hit Confultation or opinion and refolution of the Cafe, which was afterwards publilhed, was, that the Uidverfity had good caufe to declare againft them for a Nu- fance, becaufe they had ereded a new Colledge contrary to the ancient decrees of Synods, the General Council under In- nocent3. the Decrees of the Court, &c. their Inftitution was not only to the detriment of the feveral Orders, but to the danger of the whole Kingdom, and every wife mm might judly fear that ihey might prove fpies, and betray the fecrctsof the.Kingdom i they ftemed to be infiituted to lie in wait for the eflates of dying peoples they fet up a new School in a Univerfity, to which they would not obey, which was not only monfirous,but a kind of fedition^ &c. And it was argued on both fides in full Patliament,by Pet. Verforius for the Society, highly commending their Original and Infti- tution, and by Sttfh. Ta'caftus for the Univerfity, as much condemning both th'. it Inftitution and their Pradice:' thtir ' Inftitution, in refped of their obligatim by vow both to their ' General, who is always chofen by the King of Spain, and ' whom they profefs to refped as God prefent upon earth, * and promife a blind Obedience, as they call it, to him, abfo- ' lutely in all things i and to the Pope, to whom, becaufe they ' are fo obfequious, they ought fo much the more to be fufpe- ' ded by the Fr<«c/j. who indeed acknowledge the Pope as * Head and Prince of the Church, but fo as that he is bound ' to obey the facred Decrees and Oecumenical Councils as in- ' ferior to them > that he can decree nothing againfi the ' Kingdom, or their King*:, or contrary to the Decrees of the ' Court (of Parliament^*, or in prejudice of the Bilhops with- ' in I heir limits» and therefore to admit thofe new Sedaries, ' would 143 Original of the Powder Plot. ' would be to nourifli fo many enemies within the bowels of * the Kingdom, who, if it fliould happen that the Popes in a •' fury Ihbuld raife arms againft us, would denounce war ' againif the King and Nation of France: alfo in refpetS of ' their unreafonablc and exorbitant-priviledges contrary to the * Common Law i and of their ambitious "title: their Pra- ' &ice, for corrupting of youth, and ruining of Families i and ' laflly,addreffinghimfclf more efpecially to the Senators, he 'admonifbtd them to beware that they did not, when too 'late, condemn their own credulity, when they fhould fee ' through their connivance, that the publick tranquility not 'only in this Kingdom, but through the Chriflian World, ' fliould be endangered by the craft, guiles, fuperftition, difli- ' mulation, impoftures and evil arts of thefe men. But the Senate, whether through fecurity, or hatred of the Prote- ftants, whom thefe men were believed born to fubdue, deter- mined to deliberate further on the bufinefs, in the mean time granting them liberty publickly toopen their Schools and in- 5 Apr. 15^5. flrudi: the youth. And here we may take notice by the way, who were the firfl and chief favourers zrA introducers of the Jefuites^ and thence further obferve whofe Scholars they were, who were the chief aUors in thofe troubles in France. , But thus hung the caufe till, after the difcovery of Barrieres confpiracy, the Univcrfity with unanimous confent reclamante renewed their Suit, and prayed Judgment, by their fapplication to the Parliament, wherein they fet out, ' that the Eflates in the Senate had long fince complained of ' this new Sedt, that great confufions were then raifed by * them in the difcipline of the Schools ', that from that time ' they have given occafion of greater troubles, fince the fa- ' dfious did openly additS themfclves to the Spaniards party, ' and have confounded not only the City but the whole ' Kingdom with horrid feditions", that this was prudently ' forefeen from the beginning by the Colledge of Divines, ' who by their Decree declared this new fe6f to have been in- ' troduced to the defltudfion of all Difcipline as well Civil ' as Eccleliaflical, and namely denying the obedience of the ' Univerfity, as well to the Redor of it, as moreover to the Arch- 4 I A Difcourfe concernittg the Arch-Bi{liops, BiQiops, Curates and others the Prelates of the Church i that notwithftanding thofe Jefuites made fup- plication to the Senate to be incorporated into the Univer-^ fity, and the caufe being heard the Senate fufpended the 'the Suit, Salvopartium jure, fo that nothing in the interim ' (hould be innovated in the caufe in prejudice of the De- ' cree > that yet the Jefuites have not only not at all obeyed * the Decree of the Court, but forgetting their facerdotal pro- ' feffion have thruft themfelves into publick bufineffes, car- 'ried themfelves as fpies for the Spaniards, and managed * their concerns; and thereforethat fince all thefe things ' are openly and publickly known, the Senate will interpofe ' their authority, and by their Decree command that Seft to * depart not only from the Univeifity of Paris, but out of the ' Kingdom, and exterminate them thence. Hereupon, after various delays by the Jefuites, the caufi came again to an bear' ing in the Parliament, not openly, but at the inftance, and through the importunity of the Jefuites and their friends, the dores being (hut. And A»t. Arnald of Counfel for the Univerfity, deploring the condition of France heretofore for- midable, but of late become defpicable to all through fad^i- ons, which fa(9:ions have been caufed by the Jefuites, largely confirmed from experience of what had fince been adied, the truth of what was wifely forefeen and foretold fo many years before. ' That the Emperor Charles 5. when, fortune ' favouring him, he conceived hopes of obtaining and tranf^ ' fciring to his Family a univerfal Monarchy, and by his own ' fagacity and long experience found that many were tied up * by fcruples of confcience > could not devife a more effedual • means to work upon them, than by introducing men of the ' Spanifh dtfign (the Jefuites). to the deftru<9:ion of others un- ' dcr (hew of Religion , wbo in fecret at confeflions, and ' openly alfo when occafion (hould be oflfcred,in their Sermons, ' alienating the credulous and fimple people from the obedi- ' ence of their lawful Governors, (hould infenfibly draw them • to his party. That the principal Vovp of thefe men is, to ' be abfolutely and in all things obedient to the General of * their Order^ who for the mod part is a Spaniard, or fubjedj; of Origind of the Powder Plot. * of Spain, as appears from the feries of thofe who for thefe 50 years from the beginning of their Society, have been their * Generals > for fuch were, i. Ignatius Loiola their founder, *i.Jac. Lain, j.Enariftus, 4. Fr. Borgia, and, 5. atprelent * CI. Aquanina: that to their vow thefe horrible words arc * annexed, in which they profefs to acknowledge Chrift as 'prelent in their General: that their Sedl:, whereas in Italy * and France at the beginning it was generally oppofed, was ' with great applaufe approved in Spain i they pray day and 'night for the fafety and profperity of the pious, prudent, ' vigilant Catholick King of Spain,who oppofeth himfelf a sa . ' wail ofdefenceforthe houfeofGod & the Catholick Faith j ' but for the moft Chriftian King of France never: and let ' the F. General fay the word that the King of France fliould 'be killed, the command of the Spaniard rouft ex voti ne- ' ccffitate be obeyed. That though upon their petition at 'Rome for the Popes Confirmation an. 1539. they were at 'firft oppofed, yet at laft obtained it, this/cwrtb row being ' added to it, thiat they (hould be ready to obey the Pope at 'a beck, which is that which doth fo much ingratiate them ' at Rome, but ought to make them fo much the more fufpe- ' (lied in France. And that their Ctuvfels tend to the fubver- cf the Kittgdom is hence manifett, that when ever the ' Popes exceeding their anthorltf^ have fent out their cenfures 'againft the Kingdom of France, ^here have not been wanting ' pious men, who with the common fuffrage of the Gallican ■ * Church, have couragioufly oppofed fuch their ra(h attempts, ' (as he {hews more at large from divers inftances in the times 'of CarolusCalvus, LudovicusPius,PhilippusPulcher, Ca- ' rolus vi, and Ludovicus xii.) but now in thefe late tumults 'it hath fallen out quite contrary, the facred Order being * corrupted with the venom of this fed, and taught, that be ' tvbo is oKce chofen Popet although of the Spanijh Nation or Fa' ' Bienf and a fmrn enemy to the French^ may netwithlianding * give Hp thervhole Kingdom for a prey, and abfolve the French from their Faith and Obedience rrhich they owe.to their Prince. ' That this is a fchifmatical and deteftable opinion, altogether 'sontrary to the wordof God, (who hath divided the fpi- 'ritual , 1^6 Original of the Voroder Vlot. * litual power from the fecular as far as Heaven is from the ' Earth) and as much repugnant to the fafety and conferva- ' tion of Kingdoms, as it is certain that the true Chriftian ' Religion is neceffaty thereunto. That thefe monftets have ^kindlad thefe furies in the minds of the French,, and excited ' fo many daughters and horrid confufions every where. V. ftiprafeft. * Hence that publick alTertion of Tanquerellus 53 years fince, 4>P- ^ that the? opes may declare the Kings fubjeQs free from their *Oath of Fidelity' Hence that refolution 5 years fince, by ' the greater number of the Colledge of Sorbon, that is, thofe . * who were new moulded in the (hop of the Jcfuites, that V. fcft. 55. «SubjeCls may he abfolved from their Obedience to their Prince. ' That this Vow inftituted by the Caftilians ("of Spain), which ' with fo flrait a tye binds mens conferences to the perpetra- 'ting of any kind of enterprize,and to the killing of Kings 'themfelves by fuborned emiffaries, hath diffolved and wholly ' abolilhed the glorious inftitutes of our Anceftors, the Laws ' of the Realm, and the liberties of the Gallican Church; ' whereas we have received this Law from our Anceftors, ' that the Oath of Fidelity, whereby the Subjects of France ' arc obliged to their Kings, can by no cenfures of the Popes 'be diffolvedi which is fo conjoyned with the fafety and ' weal of the Kingdom, that without certain ruine it cannot * be levered from it; that the Royal Power in that fuffers no ' rival, nor admits any equal Jurifdit^ion. That thefe emif- ' iaries and affertors of this exceffive power in the Pope crept ' in infenfibly at firft in fmall numbers into France, but in * fhort time filled the whole Kingdom, and with fccret frauds ' and feditious Sermons have ftirred up the wars. That the ' firft Confpiracies, more pernitious than the Bacchanals and * that of Cataline, were hatched in their Colledge at Paris \ * ' that the Spaniih Agents did often fecretly .convene there i * that there the Nobility at their fecret ConfelEons were en- ' joyned for the expiation (or fatisfaftion) of their fins, to * engage for the League, (viz. by a fpecial commutation of ' penance into an.hercick aft of virtue 1 and thofe who re- * fufed were denied the benefit of abfolution. That by them ' was the fedition at Vcfuna ftirred up, and the rebellions at 'Agen, A Difconrfe concerning the 147 Agen, Tholoufe,&c. and the Spanirti Souldiers brought info Parisi that by their counfel the Council of xvi emboldned by the fotein Forces, offered the Kingdom of France to the 'King of Spain, and 13 daics after enfued that deteftable butchery of the principal Senators. That at their Schools at Lions and afterward at Paris was made the late Confpi- ' racy for the murder of the King, as is attefied by the con- ' feflions of Barriere > for among them they are. held for 'real Martyrs, who lay out their lives for the killing of 'Kings. Hence F. Commotet the laft Chriftmas, taking 'for his text out of the book of Judges the example of Ehud, ' who flew the King of Moabj and fled away, cried ont, We ' have need of another Ehud, whether Monk, or Souldier, or ' Lacquey, or Shepherd it matters not. Hence the furious ' fpeeches of Bernard and Commotet, calling the King 0!o- 'femes, Moab, Nero, Herod, and every where bawling in * their Sermons that the Kingdom may be transferred by ' Eleftion, &c. That among thefe counterfeit Priefts it is ' a fymbol of their profeflion. One God, one Pope, and one King ' of the Chrifiian World i meaning the Catholick King, to ' whom they deflgn the univerfal Monarchy of the whole ' World, flirring up every where wars and rebellions, that ' thereby the vaft body of that Empire may grow up and ' devour the leffer Princes. That by them, Philip King of ' Spain, when he had long gaped after the Kingdom of For- ' tugal, and forefaw that fo long as the King and Nobility ' continued in fafety, he could not obtain his defires, perfwa- ' ded the young King Sebaftian, having removed his inti- ' mate and faithful friends from him, to fail into Affrica, and ' raflijy engage in fight upon great difadvantage, contrary ' to the opinion of all his party, wherein himfclf and almoft ' all the flower of the Portugal Nobility peiiflied. Nor did ' they ceafe till they had alfo ruined Don Antonio, and till 'the King of Spain ^ not fo much by his Arms, as by their ^ v. Harte- ' Arts, had made himfelf Mafter of the Kingdom. Nor um apud ' ought it to impofe upon the credulous, that they are vulgar- ly" s'ln^ M ' ly reputed ferviceable for the f irftrudion of ymhj whofe ^ 'manners they rather corrupt, inftilling evil principles into xhu. 1. up. T 'their 148 A Difcourfi Concermng the ' their tender minds, which in that age make the greater itti- ' prelfion upon them, and under a (hew of Piety teach them ' to embrue their hands in their Princes bloud, to be difobe- ' dient to Magiftrates, to (iir up feditions among the people, ' to caft off all affedlion to their own Country, and be affe- ' ded with an adulterous love to foreigners: and being thus ' feafoned with pernitious errors, they will in time, when ' grown up, bring the (ame into the Church and State. And ' indeed already, fince this new fetS hath as it were feized up- 'on the youth, the manners of our Ancefiors have, not by ' degrees infenfibly degenerated, but like a torrent been pre- • cipitated into corruption. Nor have whole Families efca- ' ped ruitte by them, by their arts youths being enveigled from ' their Parents, and the inheritances and eftates of their An- ' ceflors transferred to thefe new Lords. The complaints ' and examples of divers Noble Families thus fpoiled are 'known, as of Petrus iErodius, Mombrunius , Godranus, Bollonius, Largilatftonius, the Marques Canilliacus, whofe ' Brother was not admitted to his vow in that Society, till ' they were certain of his fucccdion to his elder Brothers 'Eftate. And for this purpofe they have now their Bool^ of ' Li/e, as they call it, wherein they defcribe the fecrets of Fa- ' milies, which they learn from confeffions. Thefe things and much more having largely difcburfed, in conclufion he urges the neceffity of a fpeedy remedy, and therefore prays that according to the fupplication, the Jefuites may be decreed to depart the Kingdom within 15 days after denunciation to the feveral Schools. Some days after was Ludovicus DoUhs Id. Jul. 1594. 'he Curates (or Minifters) who alfo became Plain- tiffs in the Suit, who among many other things urged,' That ' by the Popes were many things inconfiderately and hlindly ' granted them: by Paul, 3. Power to make new Statutes, and ' to change thofe which their Founder had eftabli(hed > alfo * to abfolve hereticks, which, if the Pope contend, is more ' than the whole Gallican Church can do. By Paul, 4. To ' abfolve penitents from all kind of crimes, even thofe which 'are not comprehended in Bulla Coenf I)ominic£y snd from 'thofe alfo which the holy See hath referved to it felf, and 'pro Original of the Vowder Plot, 149 ^pre tempore to commute vows and pilgrimages,&c.by Jul.3.to * give indulgence from fafts and prohibited meats. Laftly by 'Greg. 13. to eonverfe with fetSaries, and for that purpoie ' to wear fecular habits, (viz. for a difguifc j a thing prohi- 'bitedby the S. Canons i and to correct all kind of Books, 'andfo to mend the writings of the Fathers, wherein what * Plagiaries they have been, is known to them who eonverfe ' with Books i that from thence have great confuGons been ' brought into the Church, and the Difcipline generally been ' dirtblved » for by the Breve of Paul 3. the people are allow- ' ed to leave their own Pallors, and run after them, and to re- 'eeive the Sacraments from them> to whom Greg, hath com- ' mitted (authority) to animadvert as well upon the Clergy ' as the people, that all may be done rightly, and after the ' Roman mode » fo that from Priefts, whether regular or fe- ' cular it is uncertain, they are fuddenly become univerfal Pa- ' ftors of the people, or rather wandering vagabond Birtiops, * CPeriodentds & circumcelliones & hamaxarios Epifcopos) that ' there is nothing which they cannot now do at Rome, where ' they are called the Popes eyes j mentis PontiGcise oculi); that * their Principles are inconGftent with the French : that it is ' certain that to them is principally given in charge that they ' Giould oppreis the Gallican liberty, at Grft by guile, and at- ' terwards with open force, even as in thefe laft wars they 'have endeavoured to do i that with them they are reckoned 'anathema who take the Kings part> but that the French * think the contrary, and that not to obey the King is as to ' reGft God, and to Gght againft Heaven; that they think ' that the Pope may excommunicate Kings and People when 'hepleafethi but the French on the contrary hold them for ' Sectaries who think that the Pope may interpofe his autho- ' rity in any difference of State; that they attribute to the ' Pope an inGnite power over all Kingdoms,and fet him above ' the Church, above Councils, and in Gne, make his power 'equal to his will, (to do what he pleale) ; but the French ' hold his power to be Gnite, or limited. And for their good ''deeds and pradiceSy that Claud Matthew, a ring-leader of ' the fa^ion, whom Hear, 3. had familiarly ufed in his pri- T 2 vate 150 A Difcourfe concerning the ' vatc devotions, and who therefore was well acquainted with ' his piety ("and devotion to the Rotn. Cath. Religion) with 'great impiety and ingratitude went to Rome, and would 'have perfwaded Greg. 13. to have excotiimunicated him, ' unlefs he would comply with the leaders of that pernitious * faction, which being denied by him, was after his death ob- ' tained of his fucceflbr Sixtus: that Varada of the fame 'fociety confirmed Barriere in his purpofe to kill the King, * when he made fome fcruple at it i that they confefs as much, ' but with frivolous cavillation feek to excufe if. Nor are * thefe the faults of fingle perfons among them, forafmuch as 'it is a ufual thing (or conftant cuftom) with them, when * they have any enterpiize in hand, to confer together about' 'it,&c. that by their occult art of frying into fecrets they * have by little and little infinuated themfelves into the minds 'of thefimple, and acquired a dominion in their confciences. ' Whereof there is a frefh example in the five (Popifti) Can^ 'tons of the Smtzers, whom when the Jefuites had in vain 'attempted to draw them from their League with the other * * Cantons of the Protefiants, made for their common fafety, ' they, leaving the men, like the ferpcnt which deceived our ' firft Parents, fet upon the women, and perfwaded them not 'to lye with their Husbands till they had broken off the ' League. But the Stviizers difcovering the fraud, (hewed ' themfelves men, and handled the Confpirators according to ' their defert. The Venetians likewife , whofe Juftice and ' Prudence the duration of their State doth eafily evince, faw Jjj ' as much, and being warned by our example, they did not 57.'indeed thruft them out of their Territories, for how could ' they do that, being fo near neighbours to the Pope ? but ' did maturely fhut them up within their own inclofures, and ' interditSed them the hearing of confeflions. And how ' powerful they are among us by thefe means, they openly ' profefs, and glory in it in-their letters to their General. But ' thus is the difeipline (of the Church) overthrown, and (con- ' trary to the prudent prohibition of the Council of Nants, 'thefaying of St. Aug. Veminemdigne foenitere pojfe, quern ' non fujlineat unitas Ecclefi* : the judgment of the ancient ' Chrifiians, 'n (0 Original of the Powder Plot. 151 *^Chriftians, who condemned Audius for making reparation ' in the Church) the people feduccd from their own Paftors ' are adulteroufly allured to communion in factis with them * apart from others, and at laft ftirred up to rebellion againft ' their Prince, and emiffaries fuborned to murder him. Their ' confpiracies are well known againh Prince Maurice, which ' at laft took effedl i and in England thofe of Pawy, Cullen, ' York, Wikiams i in Scotland thofe of Jimes Gordon and ' Edmond Hay *, and with us that fo often mentioned of * Barriere. But among the ancient Chrifiians thefe monfters ' were unheard of. Of the Chriftians was no Caffius, no Ni- ' ger, no Albinus, as Tcrtullian fpeaks. Nor was that crime ' ever heard of in France till the coming in of the Jefuites. * For it was brought in by them from Spain, whence they ' had their original; where the Gothes, as an ancient Author ' informs us, took up this deteftable cuflora, that if any of ' their Kings pleafed them not, they put him to the fword, * and fet up'whom they pleafed in his place. On behalf o£. the Jefuites CI. Dureus rather pleaded in bar of the adion, than fjaoke to the merits of the caufc, but P. Barnius an- fweredmorecopioufly in writing. But, as much of what wasfpokenby the others is here purpofely omitted for brc- vity fake, fo thofe things particularly which I find anfwered by him, except that of Portugal, which notwithftanding*his anfwer, feems very probable, as well agreeing with their prin- ciplesand actions, though fuch myfterious pradtices are not eafy to be fully proved. And thus flood the cafe with the Jefuites in France, when the King was about to* proclaim * which was war againfl their great Patron the King of Spain : and whe- done 17. Jan. ther the particular confideration of thefe or either of thefe, to prevent what they feared might be the confequence of them t did produce that attempt of their Scholar Chaflel, or t V*Pcrefix, not i for he was more deeply feafoned with their principles and inflrudions than to make a full confeflion, yet certain it is that that attempt did produce a more fpeedy determination of the caufe than could otherwife have been exptded, by a Decree, whereby the Court did ordain that the Ptujls and J.9 Dec. 1594, Stitdentf of the Colledge of CUmom (for they would not call Thu. 1. m. them 15 J A Difcourfe concerning the them by the name of Jefuites) and all others of that Society, as corrupters of Touth, perturhers of the puhlick^Tranquillity, and enemies of the Kinj^ and Kingdontifhall mihin three days after denunciation depart from Paris and all other Cities where they have opened School, and within fifteen days after out of the Kingdom, upon pain to beprofecuted as guilty of Treafony and that their Goods and Lands Jhall be imployed for pious ufes, and be difiributed at the pleafure of the Court i and all the Kings SubfeSs were interdiUed to fend their children to the Schools of that Society out of the Kingdom to be inftruUed in Learning, upon pain of Tfreafon, This was executed the Sum- Li. Hi. itier following. Some few days after this, was made another Decree, whereby Chaftel's Father's houfe, which was neer to the Palace, was ordered to be pulled down, and a Pyramid to be eredied in the place of it, with the Decree infcribed up- on it ad aetcrnam fadi memoiiam > which was likewife done, Y. 1.134. with other infcriptions in deteftation of the crime. 58. How neceffary for the fafety both of the King and Kingdom this was, and that the Decree fhould be ftrit^Iy executed throughout the whole Kingdom, and duly and conftantly obfervcd for the future, many in the Court, and moft in the Parliament of Paris, and of the Clergy, were very fenfible, and the King could not be ignorant, efpecially after fuch fair warnings. And yet, whereas the Jefuites, be- Thu. 1. lip. '"8 virtue of this Decree exterminated out of the Ju- rifdit^ions of the Court of Paris, which extends to near half the Kingdom, and likewife of Burgundy and Normandy, continued notwithftanding for three years after to keep up their Schools in the Territories of Tholoufe and Bourdeaux, to which many fcnt their Sons to be taught, and piany again from that Society, changing their habits as if they had alfo renounced their vow, crept into other Schools •, though the King was often importuned to command thofe Courts by his Edit^ to publifh the Decree, and it was once or twice fore- folved in Council, the execution notwithftanding was con- tinually retarded by the craft and fubtilty (faith cur Author^ of fome about the King, but perhaps foroe thoughts of a peace with Spain, which had been propofed, might make it thought Originul of the Powder Plot. 155 thought unfeafonable at that time. But the Parliament of Paris was not wanting to do what in them lay, and by another Aug.iypr. Z)fcrec, under a fevere penalty prohibited all Cities, Colledges and Univerfities to admit any of that focicty, though pre- tending the renunciation of their vow, to preach, of to ex- erciie any facerdotal Miniftery, or to teach children either publickly or privately. The year following the King was Thu. 1.1 zo. again provoked through the obflinacy and infolency of the Court of Tholoufe, to (end out his Edi(^ commanding thofe Courts to publi(h the Decree, and was moved by the Chan- cellor Ph. Huraltus Cevernius fo to do, but by fome Cour- tiers, fays our Author, the budnefs was at preient delayed, and at laft wholly put off; and very likely was now alio though unfeafonable in refpecS: of the King's defire to ob- tain a diffolution of his Marriage with the Q^een Margaret, that he might marry his beloved Miflrefs La belle Gabrielle, Thu. ib. Pere- whereof he began about this time to treat with the Pope's P'^5'4' Legate. And indeed, though I know not whether fo much be written by any, yet it (eems very legible in the adtions and occurrences which are written, that this vtfas fo powerful a motive with him, as made him not only defift from further enforcing the execution of the Decree, and total extermina- tion of the Jefuites, but on the contrary to yidd to their Re~ jiitKtion- For the Jefuites about this time taking occafion Thu. ibid. upon a Convention of the Clergy to offer him a lupplica- tion, ceafed not afterwards till by fupplications and recom- mendations every where fought, they at laft obtained their defire, the Pope's Legates fparing no pains on their behalf. So our Author, who afterward tells us, that when Ignatius l. ,29^ . Armandus their Provincial, about a year before they were re- ftored, hac^ade a Speech to the King for them, the King anfwered that the bufinefs was now in the Pope's hands, without whofe direction he would determine nothing (nego' tiumpenei Pontificem ejje, quo ineonjulto nihil velit decernere). But it may be more plainly perceived in a paffage afterward at their reftitution-, for when the Parliament interceded againft their reftitution, and were very averfe from publilh- ing the Kings Eidicl for that purpofe, at laft comes And. Huraltus 154 Original of the Vowder Tlot. ! 1 Wuraltus Meflius into the Senate, and acquaints them from * the King with tfec rrMe fries of the bufinefs, znA tells them that above five years f nee the Pope had dealt rvith the King that the Jefnites might be refiered to the fame Hate in the Kingdom wherein they were before the "Decree' This was about the be- ginning of the year 1604., and the King having in the year 15p8 treated with the Legate about the diffolution of his Marriage, as hath beenfaid, in the year i5pp» he obtained L. 123. the Pope's Breve to certain Delegates, who, upon hearing of the caufe, pronounced the Marriage null ab initio i fo that this points us to the time exadtly : and confidering the com- mon pradtice of the Court of Rome to ncgledf no oppor- tunity of promoting their own ends, it cannot be thought that they would let this go without forae affurance from the King of the reftitution of the Jefoites, which at the fame time was earnefily follicited. It is true that the King's be- loved Mif. who had engaged him to fend to the Pope about it, died in Child-birth before the commiffion to the Delegates WiS lenti yet this hinders not but flie might before have prevailed with him to give all fatisfacSion to the Pope in or- der to the obtaining ot if, and that thereupon he might fo far have engaged to the Pope, that he knew not afterwards how to get off when he would •, and this it feems was the true reafon why the bufinefs hung fo long, and yet was done atlaft. For thus Mellius goes on relating the fcries of the bufmefs, the King, fays he, put it off from day to day as much as he could, (he d'ld not refufeor excufe himfelf from denying it. Quantum po-^ut fought delays) when he could no longer (hiftitoff, he de "die dixiire fropufed certain articles almofi uniform to the contents of the Dc cree, and by his Embaffador laboured with the Pope to be content with their rejlitution under thofe conditions. For we Pope de- manded their univerfal rejiitution throughout the whole Kingdom^ but the King offered it in certain places appointed to a certain number, and in the "Territories fubjtU to the Court of Paris were only two places affgned them. From that time two years paffed w'lthout any mention of the bufinefs^ whereat the King, who de- fired to gratifie the Pope in it, was troitbled > at length the King's Ambaffadcr being infiant with the Pope, be anfwered that the articles Original of the Powder Plot. 155 articles fropofed by the King feemed to him to be fttch as t^e ftfuites ought to be contented tvith them,but that hitherto he had deferred his anfmr fecaufe the General of the Society'' Aquanina) fljevoed himfelf not at all fatiifedrvith tbem^nor would fubfcribe to them^ &c. that the bufinefs therefore was no longer in the Kivgs power, but tranfaSled by agreement between the King and the Pope > (rem proinde amplius non ejfe integram fed de ea in- ter Kegem & Fontificem quafi paCio tranfadum fuiffe) All which fhewsfulEficiently that the Pope had then gotten fome hank upon him which he could not get off. Nor can any other be eafily affigned fo probable as this which I have faid. Only one thing more 'tis likely helped forward the bufinefs, viz. a deGrc to fecure his life by ingratiating himfelf with the regicides: for fo it is faid, that when his great favourite the D. of Sully diffwaded him from their re-admilDon, he Foul. 1. 9.0.2. anfwered, Give me then fecurity for my life. And indeed though in his anfwer to that grave fpeech of the chief Pre- fident Hailay in the name of the Parliament, and in behalf of the Univerfity, reprefenting to him, both from their prin- ciples and pratSices, the danger of what he was about, not only to the Kingdom, but to his own perfon, he made (hew of great contempt of that danger, and hopes, which upon ma- ture deliberation he had conceived of the good fruits which France might receive from their reftitution, and al(b of con- fidence in God, who had thus preferved him hitherto, for his future prefervation i yet iince it does plainly appear by what was delivered by MelTius from him to the Senate, (and tftere can be no reafon to think otherwife) that he was fore againft his will, (viz. through fome inconfiderate pre-ingagement from which he could not recede) brought to it, his other fa- yours to them befides their re-admiilion, may be thought to proceed from this principle, anl his (hew of contempt of the danger to argue rather what he fought to conceal, than what he pretended, or at leaft that that contempt proceeded from his hopes of fecuring his own fafety by this means. For, what-ever he pretended, it could not proceed from a well grounded confidence of God's protedion'-, a thing incon- fiftent with his living in continued known fin by reafon of V bis 1^5 ^ Difcourfe concerning the fcf/which the Reverend Bifhop of Paris doth frc- quently deplore) and when he had before violated his con- fciencc by his change of Religion For fecuring his Kingdom. For who can with confidence expctS any favour from him, whom he doth daily knowingly injure and offend ? Befides, that confidence is not always the mcer refult of a good con- fcience, but is often raifed in pious fouls by the fpecial infiu- ence of the Spirit of God, who as he doth more and more encreafe it in thofe who continually and fincerely endeavour to peifevere and go forward in a diligent obfervance of his will, and to raife their fouls by aconffant exercife of the di- dates of Reafon and Faith, above the animal or bruitifh na- turei fo doth he always withdraw the fame from thofe who decline to bruitifh affedions, and if they go on fo to do, at Quosperdere Jaft leaves them dif-fpirited, and obnoxious to bafe and de- dementar'^ri- devices, whereby they pull down mifchief ^ementa pri- heads, efpecially when this is mixt with in- gratitude againfi great mercies. Not can a facrilegious and profane abfolution, by thofe who cry peace,peace, when there is no peace, ferve the turn, without a due repentance proper- tionable fo the fault with all its aggravations, and a found re- formation. And for what fruits he might exped from their reftitution, for the good of the Kingdom, his Parliament well informed him by the mouth of their worthy Prefident Har- lay, in that notable fpeech which might well have defervcd a larger place hae, had not fo much been related already to that purpofe from others. As they have all one common Name and Von>,fo have they, faith he, certain heads of VoSrine tcherein they all agree : as, that they ackftorvledge no Superior heftdts the Pope, and to him they give Faith and an abfolnte Obedienie, and firmly believe that the Pope hath potver to excommunicate Kings i but that a King cxcommmicate is a Fyrant, and that his fuhjeSs may mtb impunity make infurreUion againfi him. That every one of them who is initiated thmgh hut in the lower Orders of the Church, rchatfoevcr crime he commits, cannot fojjibly incur the crime of Treajm^ becaufg they are not at all any longer the Kings Suljetis, nor fubjeCt to his JurifiiUion, Thus are the Ecclcfiajiicks by their VoSrine exempt from the fecular Power, and Original of the Potoder Plot. 157 and lawfully may tvith impunity lay bloudy (vioknt) hands «/»- on the facred perfons of Kings, fhisthty affert in printed Boo^i, tttc. Ihefefalfe and erroneous VoUrines cannot be admitted by Kings, and therefore it behoves that they who maintain them Jhould before all things renounce the fame in their Schools. If they do not, they ought by no means to be fuffered, as thoft who maintain a VoUrine devifed to the fubverfton of the fundamentals of royal power and authority. If they do, yet are they not much more to betrujieds for at Kome and in Spain, where thefenew monftroHS opinions flourijh, they thinly one thing, but fpeak * anc *" See their ther in France : and as they pafs into this or that Country, fo do they take up or lay down thefe opinions. If they fay that this to"^ they may lawfully do by f fecret Dijpenfation, then what certain- tliem by the tj can be had of their Vo&rine, which is thus changed with their Court after change of place, and is good or bad according to the times ? "This VoUrine they embrace and maintain in common (all of them), ^ and it fo thrives by little and little, that it is to be feared leji in five, aiid the' traU of time it infeU the other orders, which are not yet levened AnfwertoPhi- hy it. At firfi they had none more their adverfaries than the Sor- Angl. bonijis, now many of them are their favourers, viz. thofe who re- ^ P" ^ ceived their firfi injiitution in their Schools. Others who are now "f" training up in learning under them will hereafter do the like, and one day hold the chief dignities in tht Senate > and if they jhall x 580.pag gos) think, the fame in point of VoUrine alfo, they will by degrees with- 309. drttw themfelves from their duty of obedience to the King, fet at naught the Kings Laws, and fuffer the Liberties of the Gallicane Church to become obfolete, and wear out j and Ufily, will reckon it no crime of freafon which is committed by an Ec- cUfiafiick. Then he goes on, and imminds him of the fruits which had already been produced from thefe principles; of Barriere,Varada, and Guignard, and Chafiel, and of thelaft King's murder, againft whom this ungrateful Society ftirred Gensingrata. up the people fo fedition, nor were they thought guiltlefs of that murder; that in the late wars, of other Orders many perfifted conftantly in the King's obedience ; but thefe con- joyntlyand unanimoufly confpired agaihfl him with the in- veterate enemies of the Kingdom, (the Spaniard) nor was there one of that Society found, who was of tfie King's V z party, A Difcourfe conmmng the pirfy, touches upon foreign examples, how in Porrugal, they, and they only, deferting the caufe of their Country, adhered to the Spaniards, and were the caufe of the Haughters of fo many Priefls and devout Perfons, two thoufand petilhing under the Spaniards in feveral manners? and by a fingular indulgence obtained the Pope's pardon of fo many confclTed fliughters: then having fpoken of the reafonablenefs of the Decree which exterminates the Jefuitcs, and had been re- ceived without contradidion in all other Courts,had not they withftood it who were not well fetled in the King's obedi- ence, and were hardly brought off from their inveterate ha- tred againft him, and anfwered objedions, he prefents the humble obfecrations and obteftations of the Parliament for the continuance of it» and to thtfe adds the humble fuppli- cation of the Univerfity \ and at laft imminds him of the regard which his Predeceflbrs had always had to the intercef- fions of the Supreme Courts, at whofe Petition or Advice they revoked or altered their Edids, if they contained any thing amifs i that this the Courts of the Kingdom b.feech his Majedy, and promife themfclves from his Grace, that he will pleafe to fuffer them to enjoy their authority entire, which indeed is the authority ot the King himfclf, as that which depends upon him, &c. But all would not doi not- withftanding the interceffion of the Parliament, the depre- cation of the Univerfity, the dilfwafions of thofe he held both able and faithful to him > he had made an Edid, and it m'uft be publiflied, and thejefuites reftored, mal-gre mefme les avis dequelques unsde fonConfcil. And they muft not only be reftored, but moreover have a new Colledge built them at La Flefche, which the King endowed with an annual Rent )f 11000 Crowns ( Aurei) and prevailed with the Clergy for looooo more toward the building of it •, and-he alfo orders hat the hearts of Himfelf, his Qj^een, and their Succeffors fhall be there iniombed in a Church to be built by himfelf i and in the rinean time a Father of that Society is admitted to theinfpedion and condud of his own, being made his or- dinary Preacher and Confelfor, viz. Father Cotton, who pre- fently thereupon began to ftiew bis zeal for the Pope againft a Sentence Origwal of the Potvcier Plot. 15^ Sentence of the Colledge of Divines pafTtd two years before, wherein they had aflferted the Liberties of the Galilean Church agiinft the Pride,and Haughtintfs, and Avarice of Romei and among other things, that other Biihops have power to order the publick affairs of the Church within y, i. 119, their own Diocefs, as well as the Roman Bifhop in his i and at his inftance by the command of the Kings for the Court L. 144. could not be brought to confent to it,not only the marble Ta- ble whereon the Decree was engraved, but the Pyramid it felf, with all the other infcriptions in deteflation of that fatS of Chaftel, was taken down and demolifhed s and the piint-d- Cuts of it prohibited j which being notwithftanding gree- dily bought up, diligent fearch was by the King's command made for the brafs Plate from which they were printed, which yet was not found till few days before the murder of this King alfo renewed the common hatred againft the Jefuif. 59. But before we proceed to the murder it felf of this King, it will be necelliry to take notice of fome other Con- fpirachf againft him, whereof fome were contemporary with thofe of Barriere and Chaftel, though not difcovered till afterward, and fome were fioce. The firft of Nic. Mala- vicinut the Pope's Legate refident with (he Arch-Duke at Thu. I. 115! Brukels, who having every where fought for an aflalfine, at laft light upon Cb. Ridicone a Dominican Friar of Gant, who was very ready to lay down his life for the caufe of Re- ligionj but before he would undertake this bufinefs, delired in the firft place to have the authority of the Pope and Car- dinal's approbation i wherefore the Legate for his fatisfat^ion gave him a writing under his hand in the name of the Pope and Cardinals, to that purpofe s and having furnifhed him with Monv, and bUfled him with the fign of the Crofs, he difmiffed him, giving him alfo for his better fecurity from difcovery, a faculty or difpenfation to wear a fecular habit, of a Souldier, and to ride, dance, fence, ?cc. Being thus pre- pared for the bufinefs, thejefuitc Hoduma, to whom his Mo- ther at confelGon had dilcovered the agreement, defircd to fee him, and having viewed him, difliked nothing but his lit- tie ftature,faying that thereneededa more robuft man. In A Difcourfe concerning the his journey at Vermand he undaftood that the King w6s re- conciled to the Church, and came to the Crown by lawful '5?3* lucceffion,yet he went on as far as St. Denys,buc from thence returned to Bruxels to the Legate, and gave him this reafon of his return-, whereat the Legate (haked his head, andtel- ling him that the Bcarnois (fo he called the King) and all his party ftood ftill excommunicated by the Pope, petfwaded him to perftvere in his purpofej to whom Ridicone an- fWered, if I could fee the Pope's mandate, then it (hould foon be confidered on. A.t the fame time Pet.Arger of the fame Monaftery at Ganf, having firft treated with Malavicinus at Bruxels, and then going to Rome, being returned from thence, likewife undertook the defign of killing the King. Some time after Kidicone^ with whom a fervant of the Le- gates had afterward dealt in fecret, went alfo to Rome, whi- ther Malavicinus had returned, where being by him confir- med in his purpofe, he took his journey by Milan, and having there communicated the bufinels to the Spanilh Minifters, he 1came into France about the fame time that Alex. Medices the Pope's Legate arrived there, the King being then ^conciled not only to the Church but to the Pope alfo. At laft being taken, when the King faw that the bufinefs could not be ex- amined in a judiciary way without the great infamy of Ma- lavicinus, and that not without fome reflexion upon the Pope with whom he was already reconciled, and moreover cafling fome fufpition upon the Arch- Duke to the difturbance of the bufinefs of peace, whereof fome overtures had been made by the Legate, he refolved to diflemble it, and difmifs' Ridicone out of the Kingdom, requiring him not to return again upon pain and penalty of Treafon. Being returned to Grunt, he tefumed his former delign of killing the King, and after fome fecret conference at the Monaftery of St. Vincent in the King of Spain's Territories, he returned again into 159?' France, where being again apprehended, he was condemned and executed. At his Trial being asked how he could think of fuch a thing as to kill the King, he anfwered, that by the frequent Sermons from the Fttlpitf and daily Difputations in the School^ Kfbich ht heard i and moreover the praifet of James Ckmontf Original of the Powder Plot. 161 ClemoHt, as of a glorious Martyr mho had devoted himfelf for thff liberty of the French, every where rejounding, not only at the Churches, but in the Markets, Streets, and atFeaJisi he mas eafily perfwaded that he pould do a thingpleafwg and acceptable to God, mhojhould kjll the cruel "tyrant, mho mithout any right tore in pieces that mofi Chriflian Kingdom rtith the lofs of fo many fouls > and therefore when Malavicinus did moreover fnrnijh him mith the authority of God and the Pope to that pur* pofe, he readily undertook^ it y being put to the rack he made no otheronfeffio n than he had done before. At the fame time was alfo executed one Nic. Anglus a Capuchin Frier of St. Michel in the Diocefs of Thou! in Lorrain,being convi<9:ed and condemned for the fame crime. The next year after Ri- dicone was firft apprehended, and while he was in prifon, Ledefma a Minifter of the King of Spain, employed one Tet. Omen-3, Carthufian Frier, who, for his dilTolute "*8. manners being cenfured in his Monaftery, had fled into Spain, to fuborn an emiflary to murder the King. Owen having treated with a Souldier in the King's Army about it, to whom he had made great promifes, was himfelf the next year after apprehended and convitSed both by witneffes and by his own confefEons, but was par- doned by the King in refpet^ to the Carthuflans, being fatis- fled to have taken the evidence in a judicial manner, where- upon he might when he pleafed expoftulate with the Spani- ards. But fhortly after thefe things enfued the Peace mith Spain at Vervins,and not long after fdme hopes given of the reftitution of the Jefuites, which was at laft granted as we have feen; whereupon one might have thought that his ene- mies being all either fubdued or reconciled, having reconciled himfelf to the Church, to the Pope, to thofe of the League who remained unfubdued, to the Spaniard, and to the Je(u» ites, that he fhould henceforward have enjoyed his Kingdom, his new Religion which had brought aH thefe bleflings with it, and his Mifles too, at leaft his life, in fafety. But alas, it may be feared he had forgotten to reconcile himfelf truly to his God, which made the reft but male faHa gratia, qua ne quicquam coit & refcinditur: For, when a mans mays pleafe 1^2 Difcourfe Concerning the the Lord^he mak§th even hit enemies to he at peace xvith him. But while he was thus endeavouring to engage the ]efuites to himfelf, the Spaniard on the other fide fpared neither Thu. 1. igi. pains, nor coft, nor promifes, that by their emiffaries they 1604. might aUnre to themfelves the minds of thofe who through the late Civil Wars were alienated from him, and under the fpecious colour of Religion might invite them to difturb the publick peace and quiet of the Kingdom, laying hold on all occafions for that pnrpofe; and that they might difcover his arcana & fecret counfels,and from the knowledge of them, the better order their own defigns, made it their main bufinefs tocyrrapr thofe who were employed by the principal Officers and Minifters of State. Thus among others, Nic. UOJle, whom the Secretary Villeroy employed in decyfering letters, being corrupted by them with an annual penfion of 1200 Crowns, continually difcovered all the fecrets of thenn to the I. izS. Spaniffi Embaffador. They had before corrupted the Mare- Jhalde Eiron, and fome other perfons of Quality, tfrhich being difcovered, brought him to his end about two years fince v and now they not only again fet upon the Count d'Auvergne, L I5Z.& 134. ^ho had been convicted of Biron's confpiracy, and pardoned, but alfo the Seigneur tTEntragues, and the Marquife de Verne- vH his beautiful and witty daughterj the Kings's Mifs, to cor- rupt them, and that by no meaner or other agents than their Embaffadors in France, Jo. !Z'uncnindful of the Jefuites, whom they had always found fuch ready inftruments to ferve them, and in other Countries were ftill as well affeded to the intcreft of Spain v.i. 135. xas. and the houfe of Auftria, though contrary to that of their own Countrey , as ever. Nor is it to be thought that the Jcfuites would be fb eafily drawn off from their old Friend and Patron, by thofe little expreflions of kindncfs, not fuf- ficieflt to compenfate their injuries received i and befides, might be doubtful whether proceeding froth any real aifedtion to them or noti efpecially confidering their fubjediion to the fame F. General, by whom the motion of their fociety in other Countries under their fcveral Provincials, is in a cor- lefpondent uniformity (leered j only 'tis probable, as becomes wife men, they would be cautious and wary how they did hazard the lofs of what they had gotten, and therefore ad upon pretty fure grounds; yet we meet with fome inftanccs of their affection to their old friend. For, to fay nothing of F. C(7«oa,a prime man of the Society, and the King's Con- felTor, his confulting a (lippofed Daemoniack concerning the * King's life, the (ame Father is reported to have f brought ^l. igr.- and recommended to the King a certain Spaniard, of whom fP-duMou- the King a while after received from Monfieur de la Force hn»Anfw. to Vice-Roy of Bearne and Navar, a defcription, with an adver- tifement that fuch a day he went from Brrcelona into France, " with intent to kill his Majefty,«nd (hewing his letter to Cot- ton, commanded him to bring the man again, but Cotton re- turning a good while after, told him he was gone, and could not be found i and that not a year before the King was mur- dered he was in difgrace for writing * divers things to the * p. duMou- Provincial of the Jefuites in Spain, which the King had re- lin, ibid, vealed to him in confelfion ; and that f the D. of Sully pro- f Foul. 9. c. 1. ved to the King that he was guilty of betraying his fecrets. What thefe fecrets were I (ind not but this is to be noted, that he had then a great defign in hand, which, whether the X fame f? A DifcoHrfe eonurning the fame or not which he pretended, and which is related fay the D. of Sully, and from him by Pcrefix the Atch Bifliop of Paris, he had in purfuance of it raifed a great Army, which flartled both Spain and Rome. He had about two years be- fore his death entred into a League Offettfive andVefenfivemtb thofe Hereticks and Rebels againft the Catholick King, the Hollanders, whereof the Spaniards grievoufly complained, Don Pedro de Toledo reprefenting to him that the ruinc or converfion of the Hereticks was the common intereft of all the Catholick Princes, and what great wars his Mafter had made upon that defign : and was now, though the Pop| had Per. an. 1600; dehoited him from any more arioing, going in per- ' fon, with an Army of 40000 choice men, to ajjifi the P. of Brandingburg with his Allies the Proteftant Princes, in the faufinefs of Clcves and Juliers, whereof the Emperor com- plained, as that which could not be without wrong to the Catholick Religion j and what was worft of all, this expe- dition was not doubted to be only a cover for fome greater defign, that bufinefs of Cleves falling out very opportunely to furnilh him with a good occafion to commence the exccu- Foul. ibid. tion of his projedts. While the King was raifing this Army, in France was a great Book^ fecretly kejit by fome Priefts, wherein many did fubfcribe their fidelity and obedience to the Pope, many of the fubfcriptions in blood i and at Rome, Moulin, ibid, (the Pope having dehorted him from arming) fotfr months before he was murthered, was the Decree againfi JehnChafiel cenfured, and forbidden to be read, by an Atft of the Con- fiftory, together with the Hiftory of Thuanus for relating too plainly that horrid adlion of Chaftel, and the part which the Jefuites had in if, and likewife a Book of Mariana the Je- fuite, but not that which approveth the murthering of King's, which by that means, was in fome fort, that is, tacitly and implicitly approved. At laft, having as well ordered all things for the Government at home in his abfence, asperfe- fted his preparations for the Expedition, he was impatient to be gone from the City, partly through his eager defire of purfuing the exploit, partly boding and prefaging fome mif- chief to his perfon, if he fhould flay longer there. But 1-64 Pcrefix, an. i6o2. Foul. ibid. Original of the Pon>der Plot. tbt jQueettfto whom he had committed the Regency in his abfcnce, affigning her a feledl Council, through the iniiiga- Per. p. 489; tion of Conchini and his Wife, being very importmate with ^^J,j5Con him that Jhe might be crowned before his departure, he would chini vvho put not deny her that teftirnony of his affcdion, though other- this into the wife very unwilling, and withal told her, ' That that Coro- Qiieens head.? ' nation (fid prefage him fome mifchiefi they would kill him; p? * he (hould never go from that Cityj his enemies had no rence. * other remedy but his death j it was told him that he * (hould be (lain at the hrfl grand magnificence that he (hould make, and that he (hould die in a Coach j which *made him taken with a trembling when he was in one. He was counfelled for the avoiding of the unhappy prophe- cies to depart the next day, and to leave the Coronation, which might well be done without him : but this extremely offended the Qaeen, and therefore to (atisfie her, he (laid, with fuch fucceis as was foretold. For the next day after the Coronation, when in the morning * he had been very fad and * continua ' penfive, one while calling himfelf upon his bed to (leep, onofdeSer- then again when he could not (leep, arifing to his prayers, res. doing this feveral times, in the afternoon he would needs go to the Arfenal to vifit the Duke of Sully, who was there in- difpoled, though the Duke of Vendofme imminded him that he had been warned to beware of the fourteenth day, but contemning the warning and predi for making war againft the Pope, is the fame as to K. James's De-make war againft God. This is further confirmed by his nVitTnps "rtiage both at his Apprehenfion, Examination, and Exe- fubfinem-, cution. When he had redoubled his ftroke, and offered a Foul. p. <54^. third, he never fo much as flirted from the place, or offered from the Ex- to conceal the knife, but flood ftill, as if he defired to be ta- aminationand notice of, and gloried in the exploit h and f which may roce s. j^gjp fatisfie us that he did it not of his own meet motion) y* .at his examination, were evident marks found in him of the Dodtrine of the Jefuites, and to the Divines who were fent ' ' to him, he fhewed himfelf perfectly inftru(3:ed in all their diftintSions and evafions about Rebellion and King-killing, though ctherwife very ignorant in all other Learning. Laft- ly, at his Execution, fuch was his conftancy in the midft of his terrible tortures, as ftrongly confirmed the fufpition that certain EmifTaries under the masfqueof piety had inftrufted and enchanted him by falfe affurances that he fhould dye a Martyr, if he killed him, whom they made him believe was the fworn enemy of the Church: and poflibly he might have been charmed by fome fuch incantations as were heretofore ufed fo Barriere i and yet, as 'tis faid, he did confefs thus Fqul. p. ^4'* much, that he had informed Fathered'Aubigny of his inten- ded murther, and fhewed him the knife » but it was in con- feffion, and therefore not to be revealed •, and the Jefuite up- on examination protefted that God had given him the grace, that as foon as any thing was revealed to him in confeflion, he prefently forgot it. The Jefuites were generally fufpe- which poflibly was not caufed by their conflernation and fear of the fuccefs of his arras, but for the expedfation they had to fee fome great blow, which was all their hope. It was foretold in an Almanack brought to Peirefcius out of Spain, printed November before» which Gaflendus, though he - doubts not but the Artift might have fome dealing with an evil genius, yet thinks he might forefee by other means, as being privy to the confpiracy, which indeed is the more like- ly becaufeit was compofed by a Beneficiary or Beneficed man of Barcellonia or Barcinonia, from whence the Spanilh Emif- fary above mentioned came to Paris to Father Cotton, by whom he was recommended to the King. And perhaps of perefix, the fame kind with this was that Prcdidtion of his approach- ing death by a determinate blow, which was found written In a paper upon the Altar at Montargi?. The Provoft of Serres. Plu- i6S * Li. i. de vita Pcireskii. A DifcoHrfe concerning the Pluviers, whoj 'tis faid, was a ]efuite in Fadiion, and had a Son a jefuite, being accufed to have faid the fame day that the King was murthered, that he was flain oi wounded that day, ftrangled himfelf in prifon. And indeed fuch and fo many were the predictions and reports of it at the time, and before it was done,which are mentioned by ^ Gaffendu5,Pere- fix, and others, as make it very apparent that it was generally fore-known both in Spain and Italy, or at leaft that there was then many emiffaries fent out to do it, and that it was confidently expected that it would certainly be done. On- ly it is fomcwhat firange that thofe circumjianceti at his next Sc)lemniiy, in his Coach, and the very day of the month, fh'ould be fo precifely foretold^ as it ftems it was in that man- ner that he gave credit to it, though no credulous perfon, and was fo fad and dejefted, that he was like one condemned to death, though by nature neither fearful nor melancholy. He had advertifements to this purpofe by his Embaffadors, and namely by Jo. Bochartus from Venice > and by others from twenty feveral places. But it feems it was decreed, the Decree was gone out, and it muft be executed. This end had Henry le Grand in the height 'of his Gran- dure > much like the fall of fome ftatcly ftrucfture deceitfully built upon an infirm foundation, when juft raifed to its height. He was frighted in his youth into a change of his Profeffion, for the faving of his life, (the firft, but bitter fruit of his being unequally yoked) but that being only through teror and conftraint,he returned again,when he found a convenient opportunity to the open profeffion of his own Religion. It was about the eighteenth year of his age, when his youth might make his yielding to fo extraordinary terror, heightned by the fad fpecffacle of the horrid murthers of a'l his friends,'the more excufable. About eighteen years after, when he was grown up to maturity, about the thirty fixt year of his age, and had given fome teflimony of his conltancy in his Profeffion i and for his encouragement had received no fmall teflimonies of Divine favour, not only pre- ferying and condudting him fafc through many dangers and difficulties, but leading him by the hand to the poffeffion of the Original of the Towder Plot. 1^9 the Ktngdorrijand making way for him by the extirpation of a whole Family, another Trial was afligned him by the great Agonothetes > who never ceafeth to provide new matter and V. Ecclcfiafti- occafions of trial and exercife for all thofc who once apply cus, z. i. t, 3, themfelvs to his fervicejtill cither by many mutual experiments given and received of their fidelity and conftancy to him, and of his admirable Providence never failing them, but ordering all for their good, they become more than Conquerors, and well fetled and confirmed in his fervice, (one great reafon of the difficulties and adverfities wherewith good men are fre- quently exercifedj or on the other fide, atter many adfs of unfaithfulnefs, whereby their courage and refolution is more and more broken and abated, they become eafily affrighted or allured from their duty, and at laft either wholly deferring, or little regarding the fame, are accordingly by him aban- doned to the deceitful and pernitious courfes of their own lufts and devices. The former was a trial whether he would be frighted or forced from his fidelity \ this rather whether • he would be allured from it. In the former he failed*, and now having had time to repent, and rcfume new courage and refolution, he is again called upon the fiage j and in the firfi; affault he behaved himfelf not much amifs. For, who can miflike his referring all to the determination and advice of a lawful General, or National Council, had be been fincere, and continued conftant in this refolution.? Nor did he want V. Thu.I.98. encouragement in this refpedt from the forward and coura- 10^, & 103. gious oppofition which on his behalf was made againft the Pope's Bulls, by his Subjeds even of the Roman Commu- nion,and not only by the Civil Power, but the Clergy alfo concurring therein *, who moreover gave him a fair oppor- tunity, and kind of invitation either by fetting up a Patri- arch in France, (which had been very agreeable to the firft V. Thu,l.ro3. flouriffiing fiate of the Church after the times of Perfecution) or by reftoring to the Arch-Biffiops and Bifhops their ancient authority (which was infome fort done, and held for four years after) to have caft of that Antichriftian yoke of the Papal Ufurpations, (under which he afterwards, negletffing that opportunity, unhappily enflaved himfelf and his King- dom J ijo A Difcourfe Concerning the dom) and fo having reformed that grand, abominable abufe, he might with the more facility, afterwards have eftablifhed, by the mature deliberation of a lawful Council, fuch a Refor- mation of the Galiican Church as perhaps might not have been inferior to any which hath been made in oiher places. L. 107. And afterwards, when he refolved to be reconciled to the Church, they admitted and abfolved him, notwithftanding the Pope's Legate oppofed it all he could, contending that he could not be abfolved by any but the Pope. But thefe things which might have given encouragement to a confcien- tious and truly pious mind, to conftancy and further depen- dance upon God, to him perhaps proved a further tentation« their fidelity to him making their perfwafions to change his Religion the more prevalent with him •, efpecially concur- ring with a more powerful motive, viz. the reducing of the reft of the Kingdom to his obedience. And therefore, though like David he waxed ftronger and ftronger, and the . League, like the houfe of Saul, waxed weaker and weaker, yet in about half the time that David was kept out of the greateft part of his Kingdom, he began to yield to the ten- tation. And firft, when the Leaguers, through the incita- tions of the Pope and the King of Spain, were about to af- femble to choofe a Catholick King, (though that was not un- likely to break their party by their emulations and divifions concerning the perfon) forgetting his former refolutions, and negle and on- ly for their own caufe, for the upholding of the Papal Inno- vations, Ufurpations and AnticlitilUan abufes. Note i T^he perfectttiofit and flaughters of Chriftian people excited by the Popes, upon the account of Religion^ fmce the firjl appearing of the Waldenfes and Albtgenfes, may he thought, for the numbers flain, to come near, if not to equal the Heathen perfecutions, or rather much exceed them. In the firjl perjecw tions agamji that people, vfhich vt ere raifed whether by the exhor- tation, or decree and command, as fame fay, of Pope Innocent^, are reclepned to be jlain in France alone 1000000 of people» and of later days have been reckoned 150000 Chriliians, within the fpace of fcarce years, confumed by the Inquifition* But thefe are things out oj our prefent ftory. 7. We may here likewife obferve the nature and manner of their aUions andpraUkes, which confift of the two great fpe- cies of injuftice, wV violence and fraud, open force, and fecret and myfterious practices and machinations, and fo make up a compleat myltery of iniquity. The one we may behold not only in the Spaniard's Forces raifed and employed at the inftigation of the Pope and his Agents, but alfo in the- Forces raifed by the Popes themfelves (who pretend them- felves Vicars of the Prince of Peace, and as Chriftian Bifhops,- fliould be the Preachers of Peace, and not the Trumpets of War) both againft the Qjeen of England and the King of France : and the other in the fecret practices of the jefuites and other Confeflbrs and EmiffarieS) exciting to Rebellions, and to aftalSnate Princes. 8. another of BeUarmines Notes oi the true-i^. Church, viz. 0/ Life of the Authors' and Prcpagators Kit.'f. 1^. of the Religion > and our Saviour's rule. By their fruits ye frail Gal. 5.19, it. h}iow them i together with his Apoftles Catalogues of the works of the Flelh, and of the fruits of the Spirit» for our Principles, it will not be difficult to conclude whether thefe men z Thef. V, c. z. 5,6. V.Foul.l. c. 3, 4- y4 J^ifcourfi concerning the men be the Authors oi Propagators of the true Religion, (for here, fox their Religicrr that onlv is to be taken about which the difference isjsnd for which they contend, feeking by thefo means to maintain and promote it) or rather of an abomi- , nable innovation, and corruption of the true Religion^ and whether their Church be the true and faithful Church of Chrift,or rather that myftcry of iniquity, that abomination of defolation, that man of fin and fon of perdition, who hath fet up himfelf in the Temple of God. We may here alfo behold the Frimiplet from whence all V.Foul.l. I. thefe aUiont and praSicet have poceeded, viz. r. That the c. 4. &1.1.C.I. Bilhopsof Rome, as fuccelTors of St. Peter, have a fupreme r. Foul. 1.2. pQ.yygj and authority derived to them from Chrift over all Chriflian Perfons and Churches, all Nations and Kingdoms-, all Princes and States, t- That by this power and autho- rity they may lawfully abfolve fubjeds from all duty of Obe- diencc and oath of Fidelity to their othetwife lawful Princes and Governorsi and depofing them, may difpofe of their Kingdoms and States to whom they think fit. 3. That Princes excommunicate by the Pope are no longer to be obey- ed by their Sabje which Griginal of the Totoder Tlot. 183 which certainly they need not, Chriflianity containing no- thing inconfiftent with any folid principle of policy. 4. That they be careful to walk worthy of their vocation particularly in that wherein the Apoflle doth particularly in- ftance, and which he earncftly aigeth^ endeavourittg to kfep the mity of the Spirit in the bond of Peace, and * doing according i* to the truth in Charity v (Eph. 4. 1,3,15.) for it muft be rctnembred that feparalion and divifion among Chriftians is, like homicide, generally unlawful i and though the one as well as the other, in certain fpecial cafes, and under certain circumftances, may be not only lawful, but an indifpenfiblc duty, which the Romanifts cannot with any reafon deny, lince it hath been the judgment and frequent, indeed too fre- quent praftice of that Church, both anciently, and of later agesi as is apparent in their excommunications of whole Churches, even all or moft of the Eahern Churches, and in thelafiage many of the Weftern, for no other caufe but the reformation of many fcandalous abufes, which the Church or Bilhops of Rome by their Agents had transfufed into them, whereby they do unanfwerably juftify our feparation from them (were not themfelves the authors of it) for juft, and necelfary caufes : yet ought not this to be done but with great caution and mature deliberation, and under fuch condi- tions as thefe j i. Thajt it he jttji and necejfary, for jufl and nccelTary cauies. 2, That it be done itith Charity and with intention and de fire to return to communion again as foon as the caufes of the feparation are removed and reformed. 5. And therefore that it be done rritb Sobriety, not widening the difference, or quarrelling at fuch things as maybe, or ought to bc tolerated, fuch as being in their own nature in- different, arc left to the prudent ordering and difpofition of each particular National or Provincial Church, fo as may be be ft for order, decency, and edirication; that it proceed no pro^ncia further than for juft and neceffary cauies it ought, left if we abundet in meaftrre truth, as for eximple in this cafe, by its diftance fuo fenfu,&c. from Rome, we not only -with many errors and abufes caft off fome truths and ufeful matter'of decency, but alfo be- concdirEphe-- come guilty of breach of Charity, while not infifting only fjp, upon A Difcourfe concernitig the upon what is juft nnattet of exception, we contend about that which is capable of a charitable conftru6tion. That thefe conditions are neceffary to be obferved to m ike breach of communion between feveral Churches jufiifiabl. in either, I think no Chriftian will deny. And therefoie js thofe Churches which ftiall contrary to thefe coadidons make a fe- paration from others, do thereby tranfgr.fs the Law of Cha- lity, and become guilty of Schifm > fo much mor& do they who fliall fo feparate from their own particular Church to which their habitation and abode doth fubjct^ tlicm as fpe- cial members j and befides to their Schifm and breach of Charity add alfo the guilt of difobcdience i and, which ought well to be confidered among us, do thereby, though contrary to their intention, effeftually cooperate with the Romifli Agents in the promotion of their grand defign, one of whofe principal methods for the fubvcifion of the Refor- med,and rcftauration of the Popifh Religion, as might plain- ly be demonftrated, is the raifing and promoting of Seds, Fadions and Divifions among us j which were there no other obligation upon us, ought in reafon to make us very wary how we do that which gives fo great advantage to the common adverfary. 5. That they who are of chief aufho- rity in the Church be very cautious not to adtninifier mnecejjfa- ry occajion of Jeparation to the vpeakpefs of their brethren y which may be, and frequently is done by thefe two means efpecially •, 1. "By rigorous prejjing of things in their ovpn ncsturt indifferent. For though thefe things be left to the prudent ordering of each particular National or Provincial Church i yet when through the weaknefs and fcrupulofity of many they become matter of offence and fcandal to them, and fo occafions of fepaiation, in that circumftance they ceafe to be indifferent, and it would be nolefs contrary to Prudence than to Charity to impofe or longer ftridly to require them, and is plainly contrary to both the Do(itrineand the Pra(^iceof the Apoftle, (v. Rom. 14, & 15. & i Cor. 8. & 2o,2i)22. & 10.22.-— and 2 Kin. 18. 4.) efpecially in fo dangerous a circumftance as this, when it gives fo great advantage to fuch an adverfary, who fofludioufly and induftrioufly endeavors our original of the Powder Plot. 185 our divifions, it can never be approved as any way confident with prudence, and that care of the flock which all faithful Paflors ought to have, not to allow at leaft fuch indulgence and liberty in fuch things as is neceffary to the prefervation of unify in the Church. 2. Py [candalous coldmfs in Pelt" gioH and irorldlinefs in the Clergy. It is certain both from reafon ami experience, though perhaps not commonly ob- ferved, that there is fcarce any fo uhiverfal and powerful a caufe of feparation and fadlions as this. For the generality of people do rarely judge by any other rule than that of our Saviour, by their fruits, and are therefore very apt to judge of the truth of mens DocStrineby the virtue and piety of their lives and adfions. And there is a certain authority of re- putation which ought always to accompany authority of Ju- rifdidlion, and is in truth the more powerful of the two to retain people in a fweet, voluntary, and fo more perfetS obc dieh'cei and this being loft, the other which alone holds them only in a kind of violent and forced, not natural and genuin^ obedieace, is very difficult to be managed, very ha- zardous to be caft off, and is feldom of long duration. Now the former, which is the proper authority of the Church and Clergy (for what is coercive more than bare excommunica- tion, is in truth a branch of the Civil Authority) can never be retained by only abftaining from thofe we call fcandalous fins, but by the conftanf, fincere and vigorous pradfice of thofe great virtues of Religion, Humility, Meekneis, Heaven- ly-mindednefs, contempt of the World, devotion in Religion, and zealous endeavors for the Salvation of Souls i without which the obfervance of the rules only of ordinary moiaf virtues will be attributed rather to humane Prudence than to Religion. But to fee men zealous for the accidents and for- malities of Religion, and cold in the pratSiccand promotion of the great effential and fubftantial parts, and the very bu- fincfs of it: to hear men cry np morality as if there was no- thing more in Religion than that, and yet in the practice even of that fo come far ftiort of the very Heathen Moralifts: to fee men prophaiiely turn the facred Profeffion into a kind of trade i todefign it, and apply themfeives to it no otherwife than. A Difcourfe Concerning the than others do to civil or fecular employments, as a means to get a livelihood, to get wealth, honour and preferment in the World, and when they have, and perhaps by indirect means, heaped Living upon Living, and Preferment upon Prefer- ment, accordingly ufe or rather abufe the charity of our An- ceftors, and the revenues of the Church in fuch indulgence to Pride, Olfentation, voluptuous or delicious living, as would be fcarce excufable in the religious Laity » nay to vie with them in fuch vanities, or inlatiably to heap up trea- fures, not for the necefTary relief of their own Families, but to raife great Families in the World, even of their more re- mote relations (that which the time hath been hath been held no lefs than facriledge) without any regard to fuch works of Charity, and the promotion of Chriftianity as all good Chriftians, according to their ability, are obliged to. Thcfe things, to which might be added the general decay and neg- le(S of the ancient difcipline, do more effediually,>veakcn the proper authority of the Church and Clergy, than any,Eccj?- iiaflical Canons or Civil Laws can eflablifh it.t and being nauciousin the fight of the people, provoke the more religi- ous to run to private meetings and fedfs, and the refi to jea- loufie and fufpitions of all Religion, to Infidelity, Irreligiog and Prophanenefs j and fo in both give great advantage to the Romanifts, and help forward the promotion of their la- hours and defigns. The truth whereof is confirmed by the happy fuccefs of thofe who take a contrary courfe. For thanks be to God we are not without foroe, who by their good employment not only of the revenues of their Eccle- liaftieal preferments, but alfo of their private fortunes, their virtuous and pious lives, and their fervent, found and profi- table Preaching, prevail with many of the feveral forts of Non Conformifls to become their auditors, and reclaim them* And were there fome good and efFe(9:aal courfe taken that we might have more fuch lights fet up in the more confpicuous Candlefticks of the Church, we fhould find that the moft effedtual means both to difpel the roifls of Separatifls, and keep out the Romifh Foggs from overwhelming us, and ^o promote and efiablifh the honour and authority of the Church Original of the Powder Plot. and Clergy. Nor would the bleffing of God be wanting to the pious ufe of fuch means.' 6. That they, the Clergy efpecially, will takf example by their adverfaries, and not be left fludioui andinduftrioHs by jurt and proper means to promote and pro- pagate the true Religion in its genuine purity and fimplicity, than they their errors, abufes and corruptions of it by indi- teft and evil means. They compafs Sea and Land to make Profeiytes,&c. and to that end have heretofore readily en- countred all difficulties and dangers, though now they can- not inuch complain of either, and fpare no pains nor cofl. We, of this Nation particularly, have long fince had a large harveft propofed to us, and nothing wanting to encourage us to the work but cut own good will and zeal for our Mailers fervicei nay, like floathlul fervants have been whipped to '■/■ll.- our work, and both Conformifls and Non Cotiformills have had their turns. It were well if at lall we would be fenfible of this duty, before a third party come and drive both to that which neither of themfelves would willingly undertake. * Can we believe a Divine Providence, and yet think the difco' very of that other World was a cafual thing? or can we ac- knowledge a Divine Providence in that, and yet believe there was no other defign in it than to employ our Sea-men, or fur- , ■ nilh us with Tobacco ? we have reafon to believe that this negledl hath not been dilTcmbled hitherto, nor will efcape un- punifficd for the future, unltfs timely amended. 7. That they will not be left vigilant and adivf for the prefervation of their Keligi n, and mth it of their lives., liberties and fortunes, and all that is dear unto them, than thefe font of Perdition are to confound and dcftroy them', and to that end make diligent fearch and enquiry into their prefent mylletious pradiices i for the difcovcry whereof much light may be taken from the due confideration of their former pratftices, and of their principles. Their end in general is pretty well known i and what latitude they are like to take to themfelves in the choice of means for attaining that end, may not only be conje- (Sured by their former pradlicts, but demonlirated unan- fwerably from their certain principles. From which con- Cderation?, though a man that is willing might eaiiiy fatisfie A a him- A Difcourfe concernrng the himfdf what they are now doing, yet becaufe feme who are concerned to be convinced of it, will not perhaps be fo fatif- fied, and becaufe to the more effedlual prevention of fo great a tnifchief a more particular difcovery of the matter of fait, and of the infiruments and circumftances of it may be ne- ceffary, all who have any love to their Country, or regard to the intered and fafety of themfelves or their relations, though the confideration of Religion (hould not move them, ajte concerned to ufe their utmoft endeavour in if. But if nei- ther the confideration of the horrid confufions and maflfa- cres heretofore raifid in France by thefe Furies i nor of their continual Treafons and Confpiracies againfi Q^een Eliza- beth and'her Kingdoms, which they ih.cn would have be- traycdto the invations of "the King of Spain, as now pro- bably they would to the King of France, that is, thofe who ftcer their motions, though their common agents may be ge- nerally ignorant of the defign •, nor of that horrible Gun- powder Confpiracy agalnfl: King James, the Royal Ifllie, and tlovfCT of the Engliih Nobility and Gentry, nor laftly of our late Civil Wars, which may in time be juflly proved and demonfirated to have been the produdt of the Rcmifh ma- chinations, to which might be added their rcfllefs endeavors for the fubverfion of our Governraenf, and for the breaking of the great Metropolis of this Nation, as the two main ob- flacles in their way i if all this, and befides all the fafety of his Majcflies perfon, which perhaps may be further concerned in it than is commonly apprehended, be not fufficient to awalcen us of thefe Nations to a fpeedy vigilance and adtivity before it be too late, to difcovcr and detcft their machinati- ons, and couragioufly oppofe their proceedings i efpecially thofe who are in authority within thtir feveral Juiif no, nor fo much as of the Church of Rome it felf for 700 years, I may truly fay for i too years and more. I. That they will likewifc well ccmfidcr of fuch uftdertakffigs, the Nobility and Gentry efpeciallyof thefe Nations , who embrace the Roman Religion. They have had almoft an hundred years experience of the ill fuc- cefs and unhappy confequence of fuch attempts to them- felves and their party, whereby they have^ only made a rod for their own backs, provoking and cxafperating the feverity of Laws againft themfelvesjand when the Romilh Agents had lately diffolved the Government, and brought all things into confufion, as is not a little apparent they did, when they had . crept into the Court, and infinuated themfelves into the fe- veral FatSions of the Kingdom) by underhand dealings in- cenfing them one againft another, what did they advance their caufe by it, but only involved themfelves in the tame publick calamity wherein they embroyled the Nation ? The Emiftaries are men who have neither Eftates nor Fortunes to lofe or hazard, nor wives and children to fuffer with themi and if their atterr;pts prove unfuccesful, can eafily retire to • their Colledges again beyond Sea. And their motions and adlions are fleered by foreigners, who fit far enough out of all danger, and in great fecurity expcdf to make their profit and advantage of us all. So that both thefe have hopes of advantage without any, or any great hazard, only the morer honeft and well meaning Nobility and Gentry do certainly run a very great hazard without any probability, if things be rightly calculated, of much mending their condition at the beft. For did they now fufter fcmething in their Eflates according to the Laws (which certainly would never much be ptefTe d, did they not connnualiy incenfe the Kingr dom A Difiourfe Concerning the dom agiinfi (hem by rcftUfs attempts, through theinftigations of the Emiffarits, endangering the peace and quiet of it) •, yet is that in feme meafure lecompenced by their freedom from the trouble and charge of divers publick employments j and the reft would be dearly bought olf by enflaving the Kingdom again to the Roman Ufurpations > and that with fo much hazard both to themfelves, as in rcfpetS of confcience and the jufticc of the undertaking, (for there is but little of true Chriftianity in him who will not readily fuffer a greater lofs, rather than venture up- on an unlawful or but doubtful adion); fo alfoof the prudence of it ■> (for the higher they go in their attempts, there is no doubt but it will tall more heavy upon them, after fo many and great provocations, if they mifcarry therein, and of that the dan- get is greater than can eafily be forefeen)-, and to the Kingdom in general, the peace and piofperity whereof they ought to defire and endeavour upon the account both of natural duty and of intereft. For whatever fiime, who do not well confider it, may prcmife themfelves, thofe who have Eftates and Fortunes here, be their Religion what it will, are like to have their fhares of whatever publick calamity or mifchief is brought upon the Na- tion ■> which they who at Rome and from other foreign parts do fteer the motions of the Emiffaries and other ftlcklers here in that caufe, are not much concerned to confider. ^ 4. And laflly, to thofe rebo cither through weaknefs and in- confiderittaefs are [candalized it thefe and Rich like wicked pra- dfices of the Romaniftsor any others profefling Chriftianity i or through wilfulncfs and wickednefs do make ufe thereof to con- firm or encourage themfelves in their affected infidelity, who ha- ving firft finned themfelves into defpair of any good by the ob- fervance of Religion, at laft feek fo encourage themfelves againft all fear of evil by the neglc^i of it. This laft fort I intended not among Chriftians in general, and yet do here joyn them with the other fort here mentioned, becaufc what is to be faid to thofc may be faid alfo to thefe. The fcanda! and ill ufe that is made of thefe pradices is either more particular from abufe of pretcn- ded miracles and martyrdoms, whereby fome may be induced to doubt of the ancient Chriftian Miracles and Martyrs i (and for fiitisfadion in this particular, I (hall here for brevity fake refer them Origiftal of the Towcier Plot. them to the writings already written and extant In print, fome in thcEnglilh Tongue, of the verity of the Chriftian Religion j or from fuch praftices in general, of men in great place in Church or State, or repute for Learning, as are thought inconliftent with a real belief of what they poffcfs, whence fome who af?e(S to know more than the vulgar will needs perfwade themfelves and others that all fuch are Atheillsand Infidels, and thereupon bring all Religion under a fufpition of being nothing elfe but a more refined piece of policy and becaufe I have found by experience that many have no better arguments for their affedfed infidelity than this, and yet few of ihofe who have written of the verity of the Chriftian Religion have taken any notice of it, or thought it worth a particular anfwer, I (hall recommend thefe things to their confideration: i. That this is no argument or evidence againfi Religion, but only a bare fuppofed opinion and judgment of fuch perfons without any evident and exprefs ground or rea- fon for it. 2. That the opinion or judgment of great Scatef- men or Scholars, meetly as fuch, is of no greater authority in this particular than the judgment or opinion of other men \ for fuch men may in general well deferve that reputation which they have, and yet be utterly ignorant of thofc Principles which are necelTary to be known to ground a judgment in this cafe. There are very rarely found any men that are well skilled in all the parts of Learning, or of fome one profeffion > as for example of the Law, fome are good Conveyancers, who'are very unskil- fill in Bar-Fra(Sicei many good Chancery-men who are no great Common Lawyers, 8cc. So in Divinity, fome are well skilled in Textual, fome in Polemical, or Scholaftical, fome in Cafuiftical Divinity, and yet but meanly skilled in the other parts of it > and this part which confiders the evidences of Religion, is but rarely fluilied by any but fuch as have to do with Infidels, each man or- dina-.i'y applying himfeif efpecially to that part to which his pe- cuhar employment engageth him, and ufually men in great place have of all others leaf! ieifure for this particular ftudy. 3. But were their judgment never fo confiderable, yet could it not in this cafe be certainly cpncluded from their anions. For, i. It is agreed by all forts of men, Chriftians and Heathens, and daily experience confirmeth the fame,that men frequently ad contrary tp A Difcourfe concerning the (0 their fetled judgment > and who may not often truly fay, Video " meliora proboq, deteiiora fequor Nor is the thing it felf more apparent than the reafons of i'. But 1 (hall not here trace it to its firrt and original caufes, but only (hew it in its next and itn- mediate cauies, which are Surprize, Impotence, and Prefump- tion. From Surprize there is certainly no man whofe care and caution can always fecurc him, that-he may not fometimes through the heat of paifion or fuddennefs of a tentation be ^ Gal. <5.1. ^ overtaken. This we may all obferve in our felves,and in mo(i we familiarly converfe with. Nay, our very caution it felf in many things makes us apt to be furprized by fear, and thereupon to do thofe things we otheiwife would not, or negled what we would otherwife do. And though there be not a like Impotence in all, yet is there more or lefs in every one, whence men often do themfelves contrary to what they would advife their children or deareft friends. We daily fee thofe who doubt not the diredi- ons of their Phyfitians to be good and neceffary to be obferved, yet frequently overcome to tranfgrefs them to the hazard of their health and life it felf i nay Phytitians themfelves do the fame, whereof I could give a late notable inftance in one of the moft famous of his time. Nor are we to think great Statefmen, Po- htitians and learned men more exempt from all impotence than 'others are. It is fufficient that they be well qualified for the places they hold, to which their very impotence in feme refpeds may fometime be a fpecial qualification j and they who are not eafily overcome by one paflion or affetSion, may yet be perfe<5Hy enflaved to another. What is wanting to thefe two caufes is frequently made up by Prefumption, whether upon God's mercy in general, and hope of pardon upon an intended repentance af- tervvard, or upon the priviledg of being within the pale of the Church by profelBon of Chrittianity, or being members of the Catholick Church,or zealous for the party they efpoufe, that is as the Prophet faith, T^rujiing in lying vpords, faying, Ihe *tempk Jer. 7. 3. of the Lord, The Temple of the Lord, The Temple of the Lord', a Prefumption fo powerful heretofore, that notwithltanding that reproof, and after a notable experience of the vanity of it, we find it in our Saviour's days (till continued, and again reproved by John Baptift j Think not to fay within yourfelveswe have Abraham Original of the Powder Plot. 1^5 Abraham to our Fatlier, Src. Mat. 5. p. And yft after al! thi?, as experience flieweth, hill prevalent in our days, and vtry common among the Romanics and the Difcipies of the Je- fuites, efpe^ally their new Profelytes, who feem to hope lor indulgence in their finful courfes, or to expiate the fame, by their zeal for the Church s whereunto great occalion is given by their aborrtinable abufe of Abfolution, Commutation of Penance, Indulgences and complying Condudf. 2. Tncfe adlions may proceed from error in the miderjianding. and ig- porance or mirtahe about fome particular Chrillian Dodtrine, through an erronioue Confcienee thinking that to be lawful, or a Chriliian duty, which is abfolutely tmltwful i and ijiis SoourSavi- may be confident with a firm belief of the Chriftian Dodtrinc his in general. And this I take to be in truth the cafe of- the rhey Romanifts,and that they are given up to beheves lye through fl^ould kilt ftrong delufions, wherein they do not more deceive their them would dilciples than they are themftlves deceived s for do but admit ^b'nk they do me one or two of their Principles, and there is nothing monfirous in their adtions but I think I can eafily prove it Sauichou^hc lawful. I had therefore intended to have (hewed from what that he ought' Principles thofe adlions have proceededi that ihol'e Piin- perfecute ciples are miftaken, and are no Chriftian but rather Anti- chriftian Dodirints \ what hath been the cmfe, occafion ar d • ^ progrefsof thatmi/iakes andlaftly,that this,dcfcdfion from the Chriftian Dodtiine and Manners hath been foretold by the firft Propagators of the Chriftian Faith, in that manner as I think would not only do much to the removing of the fcandal, but moreover afford no inconfiderable evidence to the truth of Chriftianity'it fclf: but that I fee would be coo long for this place and times but I am well affured of the truth of what I fay, and doubt not but ere long it will be naado manifeft. 3. There is one caufe more from whence men may adt contrary to Chriftianity, and that in the higheft degree, and yet without tlie disbelief of the Truth of it in general, or of any particular Dot^rine of it: and that is through the cafe of fome who believe and trem- ble,Ja.2,ip. When men by frequency and long continuance in fin againll the light and checks of confcienee have finned B b them- A Difconrfe coMcernhg^S<.c. themC-lves info this defperation, this is often an occafion to them to a kuther progrcfs in wickednefs, even to the height of the mok enoiinous fins, though they neiihcrdo, ncnrcan doubt of the truth of the Cluiftian Religion, ffb mote than do the Devils who believe and tremble ■, for there is no fin wliich is not confiftent with a full petfw; lion of it in fuch as are once become dtfperate indeed. Even fcoffing at and abufe of Religion to evil ends arc no certain arguments of unbelief in fuch as ufe them. There may be and are falfe Proftffors of Atheifm and Infidelity as well as of Religion it tVif. Th^ieismore or Itfs of humane frsilty in all. Too many fin againfi hnowledg, and fome thereby fin themfelvcs into defpair, and then run on into all wickednefs againfi that Belief which they would fain caftofFif they could. And there are fo many caufes and occalions of fins befides unbelief, that they cannot in reafon be attributed to it alone. 4, Ancf laft'.y, conlidering the ftrange wild, fancies, which we often fee men, learned men, and otherwife fobtr men, fall info j contidcring the great force ?c prevalence that the will & affe- dions have to byafs, blind, and corrupt the judgment, con- fidering the power, and malice, and fubtilty that, according to the Scriptures, the God of this World hath to blind mens minds that they (hould.not believe the Gofpel of Truth, it is not to bedoubted but fuch there are who do not believe it i hut (hen the very fame reafons may fatisfy us what little ere- die there is to be given to the opinions of fuch mm, with- cur btfer reatbn : and yet I know and have found by expe- liencethat fome profeffors of Infidelity have no better rea- fonsthan this i they are like men in a panick fear, where every onC is afraid, but none knoweth the csufe, only he fup- pofcth the reft do, and is fo much the more afraid by how much the more in number they are whom he fappofcth- to be in the fame palfion with himfclf: fo, mrny who have no rcn- fon at all for their unbelief, yet fuppofe others have,and would fain be thought as wife as they. This I thought neceftary to add as an Antidofe agairft that poifon which feme might fuck from thofc fc'-n;'alous- PratJiices and A<^licns which have been 'nere related. FINIS.