NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
EVANSTON
ILLINOIS
^ ^ ^
• *'i
Hudson River Route.
■ Jew Yor^ to West Point, CatsMll Monntains, Saratoga,
GEORGE, LAKE CHAMPLAIK, ADIROirDACKS,
MONTREAL AND QUEBEC.
'^Prudential
INSURANCE COMPANY
♦ • ♦ OF AMERICA ♦ ♦ ♦
♦fl^SUES Policies in its Industrial Branch to suit ali classes, for amounts
II ranp'inj^ from $10 to $1,000.
Premiums are paid weekly, in suras of Five Cents and upwards.
Thi.s company insures every healthj- member of a family between the
apres of one and seventy, and every policy now issued by it is in immediate
benefit and guarantees a paid-up poiicy after a certain number of premiums
have been paid.
It has issued over Nine and One-Half Million Policies.
It pays ali claims within 24 hours after proof
of death has reached the Home Office. . .
It has paid POLICY HOLDERS over $22,300,000.
In addition to the above The Prudential issues Whole Life Policies, 10-
Payment Life Policies, J5-Payment Life Policies, ^Payment Life Policies,
10-Ycar Endowment Policies, lo-Year Endowment Policies, 20-Y^ear Endow¬
ment Policies, 25-Y'ear Endowment Policies; Child's Endowment Polici^
Term Policies, Partnership Policies, in sums from $1,000 to $50,000; af %
Annuities payable Annually, Semi-Annuaiiy or Quarteiiy during life or
H certain period of j ears.
IS YOUR LIFE INSURED?
IP NOTT would like to have you consider the
ir isvr 1 (riiarnnteed Five per cent., Twenty-
Year Endowment Policy as issued by The Prudential. This Policy Guarantees
an addition of Five iier cent. |>er annum to policyholder, payable in cash witli
face of policy if insured is alive at the end of twenty years, or payable to his
beneficiary in addition to amount of poiicy in case Insured dies before end
of twenty years. Every feature guaranteed. No estimates. No uncer¬
tainties. No restrictions after one year except as to service in war. Paid-up
Policies and Cash Loans after Two Annual Premiums have been paid.
Home Office, NEWARK, N. J.
OFFICERS:
JOHN F. DRYDBN, President
LESLIE D. WARD, Vice-President
EDOAR B. WARD, 2d Vice-Pres. and Counsel.
FORREST F. DRYDEN, Secretary.
HORACE ALLINO, Treasurer.
JOHN B. LUNGER, Manager of Ord. Branch and Actuary.
EDWARD H. HAMILL, M.D., Medical Director.
WILBUR S. JOHNSON. Cashier.
Preserve this Information
and when canvassed for iiisumnce ask the agent the questions given below.
If an ajftrmative armver cannot be given to every quexlion, the policy he is
selling IS not as iilMsral as the policies which
The Massachusetts Mutual Life insurance Company
is now Issuing, under which a policy-holder enjoys the privileges enumerated
below:
1. Can the policy be surrendered for cash on any anniversary after
the first V
2. Are the cash values for each year guaranteed and written in the
policy ?
3. Does the policy, in case of a failure to pay a premium, after two
annual premiums have lieen paid, lx;come binding upon the company as a
paid-up policy, without any action on the yart of the insured i
4. Are paid-up values for each year guaranteed and written in the
policy ?
5. Does the policy participate in annual dividends.
6. In case a policy lapses and becomes pai<l-up for $100 or more, does it
participate In dividends V
7. Can dividends be used each j'ear to reduce premium payments?
8. Or, if desired, to buy additions to the policy ?
9. And if used to buy additions, can these additions be surrendered
on any anniversary of the policy after the first ?
10. Is it the custom of the company to loan on its policies when legally
assignable ?
11. If loans are made, are they for as much as 90 per cent, of the cash
vahie?
12. Are all restrictions on travel and residence removed after two
years?
13. If the Installment feature in paying losses is offered, can installments
be made in amounts to suit the applicant ?
14. Can the insured, on proper application, secure an extension of thirty
days' time in the payment of premiums ?
15. Are losses paid as soon as proofs of death have been presented and
approved ?
16. Is the policy issued under the Massachusetts Non-Forfeiture Law?
If the above list of questions is preserved, it undonbtediy will prove an
important factor in your decision as to which company you will apply to for
insurance.
The Massachnsetts Matnal Life Insarance Co.,
Spi'ins'field, ]Ma.ss.
INCORPORATED 1861.
JOHN A. HALL, President. HENRY M. PHILLIPS, See'y.
Assets, Jan. i, 1896, $17,005,291.55
Liabilities, Jan. 1, 1896, $i5>735>i23<4S
Surplus, Jan. i, 1896, $1,270,168.07
LARGEST FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY
1849. IN MASSACHUSETTS. lO»0,
Incorporated 1849. Charter Perpetual.
SPRINGFIELD
FIRE AND MARINE
INSURANCE COMPANY,
OF SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
Annual Statement, January i, 1896.
Capital, $1,500,000.00. Assets, $3,845,145.17.
capital stock, . . . . . SLWW
Reserve for Re-insuranoee .......
Reserve for all unsettled Claims, ..... 330eSo0.oo
NET SURPLUS $614,609.58
A.W, DAMON, President. WM. J. MAC KAY, Assistant Secretary.
SANFORD J. HALU Secretary. H. M. GATES, Treasurer.
Western Department, Chicago, Ulinois.
A. J. HARDING, Manager. A. F. DEAN, Assistant Manager.
Pacijic Coast Department, San Francisco, Cat,
GEO. D. DORNIN, Manager. GEO. "W. UORNIN, Assistant Manuger.
"Webster's Intemational
I "Unabridged." Dictionary
Stamdard of the TJ. S. Snpreme Conrt, of the t
, XT. S. Government Priniing OfMce, and of nearly all the [
' Schoolbooks. Warmly commended by every State J
' Superintendent of Schools.
THIF BEST FOR EVERYBODY
BECAUSE
> It is easy to find the word wanted.
Words are given their correct alphabetical places in I
the vocabulary, each one beginninga paragraph so
as to be readily caught by the eye.
> It Is easy to ascertain the pronunciation.
The pronunciation is indicated by the ordinary dia-
critically marked letters used in the schoolbookB,
vbose sounds are taught in the public schools.
' It is easy to trace the growth of a word.
The etymologies are complete and scientific,and the different meanings a word '
has acquired are given in the order of their growth from the root idea. '
I It Is easy to learn what a word means.
The definitions are clear, explicit, and full; terse, yet comprehen^ve. Each \
definition is contained in a separate paragraph.
G. &. C. MERRIAM CO., Publishers, Springfield, Mass., U. S. A. ]
Specimen pages, etc., sent on application.
LIFE AND ACCIDENT INSURANCE.
THE
/ETNA LIFE INSURANCE CO.
OF HARTFORD, CONN.
Is conducted for the purpose of furnishing Life,
Endowment and Accident Insurance, of the most
trustworthy kind, upon the most favorable terms.
Its policies embrace the widest range of privi¬
leges, and, by reason of the superior character of
its organization and methods of business, it gives
the greatest satisfaction to its patrons.
The name of the ^TXA LIFE IIVSIJRAIICE
COMPAXY is synonymous with soundness, fair
dealing, promptness in payment of claims, and
with all that is strong, trustworthy and desirable
ill life and accident insurance.
There is a great difference between a company
that MAY' BE good and one that is CERTAIYLY
and POSITIYELY good, without a taint of weak¬
ness in its organization, which has an unimpeaeh-
able record extending over ilfly years, and which
is producing the best results to policyholders ever
attained in life and accident insurance.
MORGAN G. BrLKELEA, President.
ADDRESS THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AGENTS.
•The Leading Fire Insurance Company of America."
INSXJRANCE COMI*-A.IV Y,
halRTFOM*, ooiNPsr.
Incorporated 1819. Charter Perpetual.
Cash Capital, — — — $4,000,000.00
Cash Assets, — — — 11,055,573.88
Total Liabilities, — — — 3,642,851.78
Net Surplus, — — — 3,412,862.10
Losses Paid in 77 Years, — — 77,313,153.68
WM. B. CLARK, President.
WM. H. KING, Secretary. JAS. F. DUDLEY, Viee-Pres't.
E. O. WEEKS, F. W. JENNESS, Assistant Secretaries.
WESTERN BRANCH, > F. C. BENNETT, Ocnernl AcenL
418 Vine Street, Cincinnati, O. ) N. E. KEELER, Asst. Oeacral Acent.
NORTHWESTERN BRANCH, ) WM. H. WTMAN, Oeneral Acent.
Omaha, Neb. ( WM. I'. HARFORD, Asst. Seaeral Aceat.
PACIFIC BRANCH, ) OEO. C. BOABDMAN, Oeneral Acent.
Sttn Fraaelneop €als ^ To £e POI*£p Asste General Air^ate
INLAND MARINE DEPARTMENT, j
GET THE BEST AND WHY?
ABSOLUTELY PURE. GREATEST STRENGTH.
MOST DELICIOUS. MOST ECONOMICAL.
CINNAMON Ifl^'Tral VANILLA
CL0VE-NUTMEGti5.ff.^Bl LEMON-ORANGE
CELERr-PEACHfiLl!;!^] ALMOND-ROSE
WIMTERBREENlH=^ai JAM. SINGER
SELECiUlAYORS
Perfectly Pure Extracts of Choicest Fruits. THE BEST.
Unequaled Strength for all. Thousands of gross sold.
w'lTH^THE^ DEALERS TREBLE SALES
These Delicious Flavors are need at many of the Finest Hotels
in the White Mountains, Saratoga Springs, the Catskills.
Seaside and Summer Resorts, and in City and Country, and eold
by Dealers Everywhere. Wholesale Agents in large cities.
LABORATORY (Home Dept.), WESTPIELD, MASS.
new York office. 63 Park place.
CONNECTICUT
FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
OF HARTFORD, Conn.
Incorporated 1850. Charter Perpetual
CASH CAPITAL, - - $1,000,000.00
CASH ASSETS, - - 3,192,001.69
Western Department : Pacific Department :
A, WILLIAMS, Manager, roBERT DICKSON, Mahabib,
Rookery Building,
CHICAGO, 111. SAN FRANCISCO, Cal.
SCOTT, ALEXANDER A TALBOT, Agents,
45 William St., New York.
J. D. BROWNE, President, CHAS. R. BURT, Secretary,
L. W. CLARKE, Assistant-Secretary.
ORIENT
INSURANCE COMPANY
HARTFORD, CONN.
Statement of Condition.
Capital Stock, paid up in cash, . . . $500,000.00
Reserve for Re-insurance, .... 906,919.42
Outstanding Losses and all other liabilities, . 191,366.18
Net Surplus, ...... 453,598.76
TOTAL. CASH ASSETS, . i2,05l,Ssi^
SIJRPLIJS, as regards Policyholders, f953,39S.76
Losses Paid since Organization to date, $8,861,133.10.
JAMES U. TAINTOR, Secretary. CHAS. B. WHITING, President.
HOWARD W. COOK, Ass't Sec'y.
B. W. FRENCH, General Aeent Western Department, Chicago, DI.
TREZEVANT k COCHRAN, General Agents Southwestern Department, Dallas, Texas.
W, J. tJALLINGHAM, General Agent Pacific Department. San Francisco, Cal.
SiMPLICITY
AND PERFECTION
COMBINED.
DOMESTIC.
DOMESTIC.
TWO MACHINES IN ONE.
" Domestics" are rented by week or month, and sold on easy payments.
We always have on hand sllg-htly-damag-ed and shop-worn machines
which are sold at greatly reduced prices. Also, i)est (juality of Sewing
Machine Oil, Cotton, Silk, and Needles for machines of other makes.
All orders by mail promptly filled.
CHAS. Wi KATTELL, Sole Agent Domestic Sewing Machine Co.,
18 East 14th Street, New York City.
11 A Corporation 2
having forty-five years' successful business experience,
offers for sale 5 per cent. 20-Year Income Bonds, which
are just as good as Governments.
For prospectuses, terms, etc., address the
Phcenix Mutual Life Insurauce Co.,
HARTFORD. CONN.,
or agents in any of the large cities or towns.
JONATHAN B. BUNCE, President,
JOHN M. HOLOOMBE, Vice-President,
CHARLES H. LAWRENCE. Secretary.
The International Cyclopsdia.
15 LARGE VOLUMES. NO INDEX NEEDED.
You use your Guide Book now ; the Cyclopaedia in the Home.
The INTERNATIONAL will give you the latest and most accurate
information on Historical, Biographical, Geographical, and Scientific
topics. Your FRIENDS who use it will tell you why it is the BEST;
or send us your name and address and we will tell you.
DODD, MEAD & COMPANY,
l49-f5l Fifth Avenue, NEW YORK.
OLDEST FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY IN HARTFORD.
1794. THE 1896.
HARTFORD
Fire Insurance Co*
OF HARTFORD, CONN.
Has a Capital of One and One-Quarter
Million Dollars.
Has a Net Surplus of over Two and
Nine-Tenths Million Dollars.
Has Total Assets amounting to over
Nine and One-Quarter Million Dollars.
Has Paid over Forty-six Million Dollars
in Losses.
GEO. L. CHASE, President.
P C POYCF ^ecretarv i T'HOS. TURNBULL, Ass't Sccrctery
P, c. KOYCt, becretary ^ q^AS. E. CHASE, Ass't Secretary
Western Department, Chicago, m. & bissell.^^
Pacific Department, San Francisco, Cal. \
Metropolitan Department, Ho. 50 Wall Street, Hew York.
YOUNG & HODGES, Managers.
Agencies in ait prominent iocaiities throughout the United
States and Canada.
THE
Hudson River rout^
ITEW YOKE
WEST POINT, CATSKILL MOUNTAINS, ALBANY,
SARATOGA SPRINGS, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE
CHAMPLAIN, ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS,
MONTREAL AND QUEBEC.
WITH
DESCRIPTIVE SKETCHES OF CITIES, VILLAGES, STATIONS,
SCENERY, AND OBJECTS OF INTEREST ALONG
THE ROUTE.
I
ILLUSTRATED WITH MAPS.
Copyright, 1887, by
Taintob Bbothbbs & Co.
NEW YORK:
TAINTOR BROITIERS,
13 ASTOR PLACE.
0 1896.
THE
]^ational
mpE
Insurance Co.,
JVIOHTPELiIEH,
VBHfAOHT.
strength of organi¬
zation; policy plans;
eqiiitahle dealing; prompt
settlement of claims; and
in everything which con¬
tributes to the security
and excellence of L*ifc
Insurance.
ASSETS,
$12,000,000.00
niBECTOJlS.
CTIATJLES DEWEV
CIEU. \V. TiEEl)
DUDLEY V. DENISON
EDWAED DEWE^'
FEED E. KETTir
JAMES C. IIOULIITON
JAMES T. PDELrS
AVJIEELODK (J, VEAZEY
(iE()R(!E EEKiLS
LEYI K. FULLEE
(JEOELE U. T5EXEDICT
MILLLVM P. DILLIN(!IIAM
W. SEWAED M'EBB
CHARLES DEWEY, PresidenL
GEO. W. REED, Secretary.
.joseni a. beiioer, Aduanj.
osman d. clark, Semtary.
EDWARD DEWEY, Vice-President.
J. C. HOUGHTON, Treasurer.
a. b. bt.sbee. m.d., Mulir-tl liivd'tOT,
n. m. cutler, a.'.sl trfofmrer.
INDEX.
Adirondack Mountains .115
Adirondack R.R 84
Acra .. 59
Albany 63
Albany Junction 70
Albany Rural Cemetery.... 69
.Andr6 and Arnold 29
Athens 60
Au Sable Chasm no
Ballston Spa 76
Barncgat 46
Barrytown 50
Batisean 128
Big Indian 56
Boiseville 56
Bolton 102
Brosseaus. 123
Burlington 109
Cairo 59
Cacoxina 134
Caldwell 100
Capture of Stony Point.... 34,
Carmansville 21
Castleton, N. Y 62
Castleton, Vt 90
Catskill 52
Catskitl Mountains 54
Catskill Mountain House... 57
Clarendon Springs 92
Coeyman's 61
Cohoes 69
Cold Spiing 40
Columbiaville 60
Comstock's Landing 89
Cornwall Landing 41
Coxsackie 61
Cranston's Landing 16-37
Croton Point 32
Crown Point 107
Day Line Steamers 9
Del. & Hud. Canal Co's R. R. 67
Dobb's Ferry 26
Dunham's Basin 89
East Windham 59
Essex 108
Fairhaven 90
Fishkill Landing 42
Fort Ann *89
Fort Clintoti 36
Fort Edward 88
Fort Lee 22
Fort Montgomery 36
Fort Ticonderoga 105
Fort Washington 21
Fort William Henry Hotel. 98
Fox Hollow 56
Freehold 59
Gansevoort 88
Garrison 39
Germantown 51
Glen's Falls 95
Grand Hotel 57
Grand Ligne 123
Grand Trunk R.R 122
Greenbush 62
Green Island 73
Hadley 84
Hastings 25
Haverstraw 33
Holioken 20
Hudson 60
Hudson River 5
Hunter 59
Hyde Park 17
Hydeville 90
Irvmgton 27
Jersey City 20
JessuJx's Landing 84
Jewett's Heights 59
Kaaterskill Hotel 58
Kingston 49
Kings 84
Laeadie 123
Lacolle 123
Lake Champi.ain 106
Lake Champlain Route .... 104
Lake George 96
Lake George Route, / „
Via Adirondack Railroad. J • ^
Lake George Route 94
Laurel House 57
Lexington 59
Low Point 45
Luzerne 85
Manhattanville 21
Marlborough 45
Meclianicsville 73
Middletowii Healing Springs 93
Milton Ferry 46
Montreal 124
Mt. Pleasant 5^
New Baltimore 61
Newburgh 43
New Hamburg 45
New Paltz 47
North Creek 87
Nyack 3'
Overlook Mt. House 55
Palisades Mt. House 24
Palenville 5^
Peeksville 35
Phoenicia S*'
Piermont 26
Pine Hill 57
Plattsburgh 112
Poughkeepsie 46
Port Ewen 49
Port Henry 107
Port Kent 110
Prattsville 59
Quebec 129
Rhinebeek 48
Riverdale 24
Riverside 87
Rondout 49
Round Lake Station 74
Rouse's Point 122
Rutland 91
St. Lambert 123
St. Johns 123
Sandy Hill 94
Saratoga Springs 82
Saugerties 51
Schenectady 80
Schodac 6l
Shandaken 5^
Shokan 55
Sing Sing.. 3'
Smith's Basin 89
Sorel 127
South Corinth 84
Spuyten Duyvil 23
Staatsburg. 48
Stony Point 33
Stottsville 123
Stay vesant 61
Summit Station 57
Tannersville 5®
Tarrytown 28
Teller's Point 3J
The Glen 87
Three Rivers 127
Tivoli 5®
Thurman 87
Tremper House 5^
Troy 7'
(J. S. Military Academy.... 38
Verplanck's Point 33
Waterford yO
Weekawken 20
West Hurley 55
West Kill 59
West Point 37
Weslport 108
West Rutland 91
West Troy 69
Whitehall 90
Windham 59
Yonkers 25
HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT.
DAY lillSlE STEAmEt^S,
"NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY,"
Ijoiivo I!iookl\ni, l)y Annex, H a.m., New York, Deslnosses St. Pier,
N. U, (iidjoinin^^ Jersi'y (dtyFerry), S.40 A.M., and f(H)t 22d St., N. R.,
1( a.m., landinj^ at Vonkers, West Point, Newlniri^li, Pon,ii:likeei)sie,
Kiiii^stoii INant, ('atskill and Hudson. Returning, leave Albany,
H.oO a.m., from foot of Hamilton St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p.m.
CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES TO THE
liENOrtTS-^ OF THE CATSSKILLN.
CONNECTIONS;
WKST POINT—With Stages for C'raii^toii's and West Point Hotels,
and with down boat at 2.50.
NP W BI r KGII—With dowii boat at 2.15.
POIIOH K KPPSIE—With down boutatl.20. PhiladelphiaandKeadingK.lt.
and New England K.K.
KlN<;STON PtHNT—With thv, Ulster and Delaware K.K. for Kondont.
Kingston and all points in tlu' Catsicill Monntnins reached by the Ulster and
Delaware, Stony Clove and Catskill Mountain, and Kaatcrskill Itailroads, and
Luke ]Molu)Qk.
€ATSK.ILIi—With Catskill Mountain R.R. and Otis Elevating Ry.
If ITDSON—With Doston and Albany K.R., for Chatham, Pittslield, biorth Adams,
Lebanon Springs, etc.
AliBAN Y—With through trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, Nla«vara
Falls, Bullalo* Watertowii, Thoiiwaud Islands and Western
points. Special trains from the Steamers' Wharf to and from Saratos»'a,
Through tickets sold to all points.
SEND SIX CENTS FOR "SUMMER EXCURSION BOOK."
MEALS SERVED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN.
AN ELEGANT ORCHESTRA ON EACH STEAMER.
Tickets reading via New York Central and Hudson River or West Shore Rail¬
roads, between Albany and Now Yoflv, are available on these Steamers.
The BEST • > • •
Life and
Endowment Policies As well as
Accident Policies ^
In the market are issued by
The Travelers Hartford
THE BEST is Always the CHEAPEST. INSUR¬
ANCE MUST ff>ISURE, or even a Low Price
is so much money thrown away. Over Thirty-Two
Years of Success. Premium receipts in 1895 nearly
FIVE MILLION Dollars. ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
LARGEST ACCIDENT
COMPANY IN THE ^ than all others
in America
ORLD ^ ^ ^ together.
Assets, $19,425,000. Surplus, $2,661,000.
Paid Policy-Holders over $29,000,000.
A
Leading:
Life
Company
JAMES G. BATTERSON, Pres. JOHN E. MORRIS, Ass't Sec.
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PREPABED FOR
TAINTOR'S GUIDE BOOKS,
PUBLISHED BY
Taintor Brothsrs & Co.,
NEW YORK.
PRiPMiio BY E.C.BRlDCMASB4wA.Bt..r., hev-vupk. MAP PUBLISHER-
THE HUDSON RIVER.
Among the thousand streams which drain the great Atlan*
tic slope of North America, none is more attractive than
the noble river at whose month stands the Empire City of the
Western World. The European visiting America can have no bet¬
ter introduction to the Western Continent than, that which is
afforded by a voyage up the Hudson ; and travelers generally
will find that the river forms naturally the first stage of any ex¬
tended pleasure-tour through the Northern and Eastern States.
SCKNBRT so charming as that of this beautiful river affords a
delightful change from the glaring walls and pavements of New
York. Before the limits of the metropolis are passed the eye is
charmed by the green wooded hills of Westchester County on the
one hand, and by the frowning precipices of the Palisades on
the other—a contrast the like of which cannot be found so near
any other of the world's great capitals. For twenty miles this
mighty dyke of basaltic trap-rock shuts off the western sky, then
suddenly disappears, and the view opens upon the rolling hills of
Rockland County and the blue outline of the distant Ramapo
Mountains ; while on the east bank are thriving towns and ele¬
gant country-seats in aImo.st continuous succession. Here, too,
the river widens to the dimensions of a lake, which stretches its
beautiful expanse nearly to the magnificent southern portal of
the Highlands; when it suddenly contracts to a channel half a
mile in width, overhung by the scarred and rugged crags of the
Donderberg and Anthony's Nose. For a score of miles above,
the river winds amid the grand and rugged mountains of " The
Highlands," at whose northern limit another portal opens,
through which the swift steamer glides to new scenes of beauty
HUDBON I£IVEK KOUTE.
beyond. Above the Highlands the banks continue high and In
some places precipitous, opening now and then as if to aitoi d
glimpses of the charming country on either side, until some
thirty miles more have been passed when the banks become still
less abrupt, and the lofty range of the Catskill Mountains is
seen to the westward.
The Remote Sodbcbs of the Hudson are among the highest
peaks of the Adirondack Mountains, 4,000 feet above tide-water.
Its numerous upper branches unite in the neighborhood of Fort
Edward, 180 miles from the ocean, and thence follow a southerly
course, broken by numerous falls and rapids, to Troy, where it
meets tide-water. The remaining 150 miles are navigable by
large steamers and coasting craft. Ships can ascend to Hudson.
The principal tributaries are the Mohawk and Hoosick rivers, the,
former rising in the central part of New York, and the latter in
Southern Vermont, both joining the Hudson near Troy, below
which city the tributaries, though numerous, are small, none of
them being navigable for more than two miles.
The mountain-ranges through or near which the Hudson passes
are part of the Appalachian system. The Highlands are a con-,
tinuation of the Blue Ridge, which, after crossing Pennsylvania
and New York, ends in the Green Mountains of Vermont and
New Hampshire. The Catsbergs and Hilderbergs are continua-
ticms of the westward ranges of the Alleghanies. The mean rise
and fall of the tide at New York is about five feet, and at Albany
two and a half feet.
The Commerce of the Hudson River, during the season when
it is not obstructed by ice, is extensive and constantly increasing. .
It is the natural outlet for lumber from the vast forests of the
North. This is floated down the main stream and its branches
during the high water of early spring, and several millions of feet
are every year brought to market in this manner. The Delaware
and Hudson Canal brings vast quantities of coal from Penn^lva-
nia, and keeps numerous barges constantly plying between its
junction with the river at Rondout and the various cities reached
by water from that point. The Erie Canal, connecting the Great
Lakes with the ocean, through the Hudson River, affords means
of transportation for Western produce and for the manufactured
HUDSON RIVHR ROUTE.
goods of the East. The immense "tows " of canal boats ascend¬
ing and descending the river form an important and interesting
feature of its commercial life. Quarries of various kinds of stone,
valuable for buiidiug, paving, flagging, etc., are found at various
points on and near the river; and in Ulster County water lime¬
stone, making the best cement, is found in inexhaustible quanti¬
ties. In the vicinity of Baverstraw, are extensive beds of clay
which give employment to thousands of brick makers, whose
kilns are seen for miles along the river bank. Manufactories,
foundries, machine-shops, ship yards, and agricultural products
unite to swell the numbers of every sort of vessel suitable for
navigating these waters, and the fisheries afford employment and
support to many men. During the winter, many thousand tons
of ice are stored for domestic use and for exportation.
In Histouv the river assumes a prominent place in the annals
of the country. In September, 1C09, when Hendrick Hudson
sailed through the Narrows, and anchored his vessel, the "Half-
Moon," in New York Bay, the shores were covered with a mag-
uiflcent forest, unbroken save by natural meadows, or by the
villages of Indians. The beautiful hay and river, now one of the
busiest scenes of commercial activity in the world, were withoul
signs of human life, except the few canoes of the natives; and
Manhattan Island with its dense population of a million souls, its
splendid streets and buildings, and its proud commercial position
as the Metropolis of the Western Continent, was a hilly, thickly-
wooded island, inhabited by a fierce and warlike race of savages.
Hendrick Hudson was sent out by the Dutch East India Com
pany to search for a northwest passage to India, a problem which
tempts explorers even in our own day ; and when he looked up
the long line of the Palisades and noted the strong ebb and flow
of the tidal currents at the mouth of the river, he thought his
object gained. Accordingly, he sailed up the river, viewing, with
wonder and delight, the magnificent scenery, and observing the
natural wealth of the country, until, on September 21, havifg
reached the present site of Albany, he became convinced that he
was following a river, and not a strait. He was everywhere re¬
ceived with great friendliness by the Indians; but when return¬
ing to the ocean, Hudson's mate shot an Indian for stealing.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
whicR caused an immediate collision, and several natives were
killed. Hudson returned to Europe, and in consequence of his
reports, trading vessels were soon sent out, and after a few years
of traffic in furs, a settlement was made in lt>14, on the southern
point of Manhattan Island. During the Revolutionary War, the
Hudson was the scene of constant activity on the part of both
armies. Washington early perceived the strategic importance of
the river and its dependencies, and used every means to retain
possession. The British, however, in 1776, wrested Manhattan
Island from our then inexperienced troops, and retained it during
the war. They were unable to effect a permanent lodgment
above the island, although they made several successful raids up
the river, once as far as Kingston. Fortifications were erected at
various commanding points along the river.
The connections by rail from points on the Hudson River arc
of great importance to the Northern tourist. From New York,
the New York Central & Hudson River, Harlem, and New York,
New Haven & Hartford Railroads, and numerous steamboats run
to the north and east, connecting with the principal routes all
over New York, New England and Canada. From Jersey City
the Philadelphia & Reading, the Pennsylvania, the New York,
Lake Erie and Western R. R's, and from Hoboken the Delaware,
Lackawanna & Western lead to the great West and South. From
Weehawken the New York, West Shore and Buffalo R. R. runs
west of the Hudson to Albany and through central New York to
Buffalo, connecting for the West. From Nyack, the Northern
Railroad of New Jersey runs to Jersey City, via the Hackensack
Valley. Haverstraw is the terminus of the New Jersey & New
York R. R., and the New York, West Shore <& Buffalo comes to
the river here first after leaving Weehawken, N. J., and follows
the west bank of the Hudson from this point to Albany. At
Cornwall the N. Y., Ontario & Western R. R. diverges to the
northwest through Central New York to Oswego, its terminus on
Lake Ontario. At Newburg a branch of the Erie Railway touches
the river, and nearly opposite, the New York & New England
R. R. has its western terminus connected with Newburg by steam
ferry. At Poughkeepsie with the Poughkeepsie l^ridge Division
of New York and New England R. R.; and with the Dutchess
County R. R., running from Poughkoejisie to Hopewell, N. Y.
8
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
At Rondout, the Wallkill Valley Branch of the New York,
West Shore & Buffalo roads runs south westward through the
beautiful mountain region to Goshen, N. Y., on the Erie K. R.,
and the Ulster & Delaware Railway runs northwest through the
Catskill Mountains to Stamford, N. Y., and has branches run¬
ning to Kaaterskill House and Hunter, on the top of the Catskills.
At Rhinecliff, nearly opposite, is tlic western terminus of a branch
of the New York & New England running from Rhinecliff to
Silvernails, where it connects with the Boughkeepsie Bridge
Division of the New York and New England R. R. At Catskill,
the Catskill Mountain R. R. conveys passengers to the base of
the eastern Catskill Mountains, whence the Otis Elevating Rail¬
way and stages convey to the mountain hotels. At Hudson is the
Hudson & Chatham branch of the Boston & Albany Railroad.
From Albany the New York Central R. R. runs through Central
New York to the great West, the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s
Railroad to Saratoga, Adirondacks, Montreal and the North, and
to the southwest to Binghamton and the State of Pennsylvania,
loading, with their connections, to every point of the Empire
State. The Boston & Albany R. R. conveys passengers from
Albany to Pittstield, Springfield, Boston and points east. Prom
Troy the Boston, Hoosac Tunnel & Western R. R. runs to Hoosac
Tunnel, Boston and the East; the Central Vermont R. R. to
points in Vermont and Canada, and the Delaware & Hudson
Canal Co.'s R. R. to Saratoga, Lake George, Adirondacks and
Canada.
8a
THS BKOOKLYN BRIDGK
HUDSON EtVER ROUTE.
LINES OP TRAVEL ON THE HUDSON
THE DAY LINE OP STEAMEKS
Plying between New York and Albany possesses attractions and
advantages which are seldom combined in one route of equal
length. The whole distance is most remarkable for the beauty
of its scenery, and for the evidences of commercial pros[)erity
which greet the eye on every hand.
The stearal)oats of this line—the well-known "Albany" and
(he " New York "—are probal)ly the swiftest steamboats in the
world. Built especially to meet the requirements of summer
travelers on the Hudson River, these Ixjats combine qualities of
speed and comfort with facilities for viewing the glorious scenery
of this world-renowned river. Ample retiring rooms are provided
for ladies or invaliils, and the decks are very broad and ofwn, so
that an unobstructed view of the scenery may be obtained from
almost any part of the boat. Spacious and well-ventilated
dining-saloons enable the traveler to dine in comfort and luxury.
The " New York " is a departure from the conventional Hudson
River steamer in essential particulars, but most radically so in the
fact that her long, gracefully curving hull is constructed wholly
of iron, and is as fine a piece of work as ever left ship-yard. It
was built by Harlan & Hollingsworth, of Wilmington, Delaware.
The largest steamer thus far built for day service, her length is
311 feet, and her width 40 feet, or 75 feet at the widest point,
including the wheel-houses. The engine—a ponderous one, with
a 75-inch cylinder and a 13-foot stroke—works almost noiselessly,
and the vessel moves without the least perceptible tremor. The
three boilers arc 33 feet long and 8 feet 10 inches diameter.
They are placed athwartship, below deck, and each has its own
smoke stack. This new feature of three smoke stacks gives the
boat a peculiar appearance that distinguishes these day line
steamers from all others on' the river. The walls are of com¬
bined mahogany, ash and maple, with an abundance of carved
work ; and there are large private parlors for the use of parties,
families, bridal excursions, or persons traveling with invalids.
The dining-room is on the main deck, thus affording the tourist
an opportunity of dining while enjoying the beautiful scenery of
HUnSON RIVER ROUTE.
the river. The only gangway is ainiilsliips, so that passengers
need not be confused as to " whieli end tiie boat will land at.
It is so divided that the baggage can be handled while the pas¬
sengers are landing. The hurricane deck is arranged with seats,
and affords space for promenades. There are ample accommo¬
dations on the three floors, including the upper deck, for at
least 2,000 passengers. Her draught of water is nearly a foot
less than that of a wooden hull of equal dimensions. The "New
York " is probably the fastest steamboat afloat. On her trial trip
she ran from Yonkers to New York, 16 miles, in 33 minutes. She
can easily run 25 miles an hour. The " Albany " is fifteen feet
longer than the " New York." The " New York's " hull is con¬
structed wholly of steel, and she is modelled after the "Albany,"
of which she is a counterpart, except in dimensions.
These steamers leave Pier 30, North River, foot of Desbrosses
Street, New York, at 8.40 o'clock a.m., and foot of West 22d
Street at 9 a.m., arriving at Albany at 6 o'clock p.m. Returning
they leave the foot of Hamilton Street, Albany, at 8.30 o'clock
a.m., arriving at Now York at 5.30 p.m. To reach the foot of Des¬
brosses Street, New York, by horse-cars or Elevated railways, take
any of the lines running north and south to Grand Street, thence
take the Grand Street crosstown line of horse-ears to the foot of
Desbrosses Street, direct to the pier. To reach the foot of 22d
Street, North River, take any north and south line of horse-cars
or Elevated railways, to 23d Street, whence the 23d Street line
conveys to foot of West 23d Street, one block from landing.
At Kingston Point, on the west shore of the Hudson River,
passengers for Rondout, Kingston and the Southern and West¬
ern Catskill Mountains and all points reached by the Ulster and
Delaware, Stony Clove and Catskill Mountain and Kaaterskill
Railroads step directly from the steamer to the trains of the
Ulster and Delaware Railroad. Formerly such passengers landed
at Rhinebeck, on the east shore of the H udson, and were trans¬
ferred across the river, but now that inconvenience is avoided.
Those going to Lake Mohonk take the Wallkill Valley Railroad.
At Albany connections are made for Saratoga, Lake George and
points on the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R., and New
York Central, West Shore and Boston & Albany Railroads.
10
hudson kivee route.
THE PEOPLE'S LINE OF STEAMERS.
It is the first class evening line of the Hudson River. It runs
from Pier 41, old number, North River, foot of Canal Street,
New York, to Albany, leaving New York at 6 p. m., during
season of navigation, and arriving in Albany at about 6 a. m. the
next morning. It makes no landings between the two cities.
The steamers of this line, the Drew and Dean Richmond, arc
palatial in character, and are furnished with 200 elegant State
Rooms and with ample berth accommodations for the immense
travel which patronize this popular line. This route affords
opportunity to view the Hudson at sunset and evening, and the
scenery of this charming river on a clear moonlight night is en
trancingly beautiful.
THE CITIZENS' LINE OF STEAMERS
plies between New York and Troy, leaving Pier 46, the second
pier north of Christopher St., Hud^i?River, daily, except Satur¬
day, at 6 p. m., during the season of river navigation, and reach¬
ing Troy at about 6 a. m. the following morning; connecting with
the morning trains for all points north, east, and west. The
Sunday night boat from New York touches at Albany. The
boats of this line are the City of Troy and Saratoga, which are
supplied with elegant staterooms, and ample berth accommoda¬
tions. It is a popular line to Troy, Saratoga, and points north.
THE STEAMER MARY POWELL.
runs from New York to Rondout, stopping at Cranston's, West
Point, Cornwall, Newburgh, New Hamburg, Milton and Pough.
keepsie. She leaves New York, Pier 39 North River, every week
day, except Saturday, at 3:15 p. m., stopping at foot of West 22d
Street for passei^ers from the upper part of the city, and leaving
West 22d Street at 3:30 p.m., and on Saturdays one hour and a
half earlier at each landing.
Returning leaves Rondout at 5:30 a.m., reaching New York at
10:45 a.m. She is a swift and popular steamer, and has beconie
such a favorite as to be justly called the " Pride of the Hudson."
11
STEAMEU DKEW OF THE PEOPI.E'S EVENING LINE,
Plyini' between New York and Albany,
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
PANORAMA OF THE HUDSON.
PBOHINENT OBJECTS OF INTEREST THAT' MAY BE SEEN- FROM
THE STEAMERS OF THE " DAY LINE," ON THE TRIP OF THE
HUDSON RIVER FROM NEW YORK TO ALBANY.
As the steamer leaves the dock, a fine view of New York Har¬
bor is opened to the south. Beyond the lower end of the city is
Governor's Island, fortified by General Putnam prior to the bat¬
tle of Ijong Island in 1777. The circular fort is Castle William.
West of Governor's Island is Bedloe's Island on which is the
Statue of Liberty Enlijjhtening the World. Beyond this may be
seen The Narrows and Staten Island, and beyond these, on a
clear day, the Navesink Highlands. Of the two small islands
farther to the westward, the nearer is Ellis Island, the Immigrant
Landing Depot.
In the following arrangement the objects of interest on the
west bank are described in the left-hand column and those on the
east bank in the right-hand column.
WEST BANK.
Jersey City, pop.,163,003; ter¬
minus of Pennsylvania R. ({.,
Central N. J., Midland, Erie,
Lehigh Valley, and Northern
N. J. Railroads. Cunard Steam¬
ers' docks. Opposite dock of
Day Line is Erie Depot.
Bergen Heights in distance.
Hoboken, a little north, pop.,
43,64H; terminus of Delaware
and Lackawanna R.R., Morris
and Essex R.R., and Hamburg
Line of Steamers.
EAST BANK.
New York City. Population,
1,615,000. Of the prominent
church spires, the southernmost
is Trinity. South of it is the
Produce Exchange Building
and the Washington Building.
North of this, in succession,
and cons{)icuous for their
height, are the Boreel Building,
the Equitable Life Insurauce
Building, the Mutual Life Insur¬
ance Building, the Western
Union Telegraph Building, the
Evening Post Building, the
Post Ofltce, which may be dis¬
tinguished by its large dome,
the Times Building, the Trib¬
une Building, recognized by its
lofty, pointed clock-tower, and
the World Building with its
golden dome, and beyond all
these the piers and cables of the
East River Bridge.
. IS
HUDSON RIVICK ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
Castle HiU, just above and
north of Hoboken, is the site of
the Stevens' Mansion ; near by,
fronting on a fine public square,
is the Stevens' Institute of Tech¬
nology. The famous Stevens'
Ironclad was constructed a few
rods south of this square.
Monastery of the Pas.sionist
P.athers on the summit of the
ridge, marked by a lofty dome.
Weehawken, southern termi-
nusof West Shore Railway, op¬
posite W. 4!Jd Street, New York.
Tunnel leading to Haekensack
Valley west of the Palisades.
Weehawken, scene of Hamil¬
ton and Burr duel in 1804. The
spot is but a few yards from the
shore ; a plateau, on whose edge
is an old cedar where llamillon
stood on the morning of the duel.
Eldorado and Elevated R. R.
Outtenberg. Seven-story
white building is a brewery.
Pleasant Valley, opposite Car-
mansville.
Port Lee, ten miles from New
Y.irk, opposite Deaf and Dumb
Asylum. The .site of the old
fort is marked by .a tl.og.staff on
the bluff. i,arge summer hotel.s.
Large house, residence of Capt.
Bradbury of Pacific Mail S. S.
line.
18
EAST BANK.
Other prominent buildings
may be seen further up town,
but to describe all of them, so
that they can be recognized by
a stranger, is impracticable.
Manhattan Market (34th St.)
is conspicuous on the river
front, a huge building with an
arched roof.
St. Thomas'Church spire, 5th
Ave. and 53d St.
Roosevelt Hospital, 59th St.,
a brick structure with many-
pointed finials.
Sixty-Fifth Street, New York,
N. Y. Orphan Asylum.
Grain elevator of N. Y. Cen¬
tral Railroad.
Claremont House and site of
fen. Grant's tomb and monn-
.iiont.
Bloom ingdale Lunatic Asy¬
lum, bet. Il5th and 120th Sts.
Manhattanville, 132d St.
Iron works, Audubon Park.
Carmansville, home of Audu¬
bon the naturalist.
Old Claremont Hotel, n. river.
Trinity Cemetery.
New York Institute for De.af
and Dumb.
Jeffrey's Hook, a point jut¬
ting into the river—site of old
fort. Here Washington landed,
but recrossed to Fort Lee just
before the heights were cap¬
tured by the British in 1778.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
The Palisades begin at Foit
l>ee and extend 15 miles to the
north, from 300 to 500 feet in
height.
The Palisade Mountain Hotel
formerly stood on the Palisades,
opposite Inwood. It was burn¬
ed June 3d, 1884. At the foot
of the Palisades is a wharf, from
which, by an easy grade, a fine
carriage-road leads over the Pal¬
isades to Englewood, N. J.
The Palisades stretch along
an unbroken wall of columnar
traprock, for nearly 15 miles,
varying in height from 200 to
500 feet above the river.
Indian Head, the highest
point of the Palisades, 550 feet
above the river.
Tappan Bay, or Tappan Zee,
e.vtending north 15 miles to Cro-
ton Point, nearly four miles
wide.
Piermont, twenty-four miles
from New York; formerly ter¬
minus of Ehie Railway. Pier
one mile long, extending into
river. Palisade formation ter¬
minates here. Boundary be¬
tween New York and N. J. just
at end of Palisades.
Nyack. Pop. 4,000. Rama-
po Mountains in distance.
EAST BANK.
Washington Heights, 185th St.
Fort Washington, 10 miles
from New York. Site near
James Gordon Bennett's resi¬
dence, with gilded dome.
Inwood, once known as Tub¬
by Hook.
Spuyten Duyvil Creek, or
Harlem River. Main line of
Hudson River R. R. diverges
from river through cut to Grand
Central Depot, 42d St., New
York. Pump tower at High
Bridge visible over the hills.
Westchester Heights, site of
old Ft. Independence.
Riverdale, 14 miles from N.Y.
Convent and Academy of
Mount St. Vincent, with Font
Hill in front, built by Edwin
Forrest.
Yonkers, 17 miles from New
York. Pop. 30,000. Site of old
Phillipse mansion.
Spring Hill Grove.
Dudley's Grove above.
Hastings-on-tho-Hudson, 31
miles from New York. Sugar
refinery near river.
Dobbs' Ferry, 33 miles from
New York.
Irvington, 34 miles from N. Y.
HUDSON RIVEK ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
Upper Nyack, one mile above
Nyaek.
liockland Lake, among the
hills opposite Sing Sing. Source
of Hackensack River, and great
ice-quarry in winter. An impor¬
tant summer resort and place
of suburban residence. It is 150
feet above the river. Hook Mt.
which separates it from the
river is 610 feet high, 'i'he
point which abuts on the river
is Verdritege Hook, commonly
called " Point no Point."
Havei-straw Bay, five miles
wide—the widest part of the
Hudson, extending from Croton
Point on the south to Ver-
pLanck's Point on the north.
Fii-st view West Shore R. R.
High Torn Mountain—a peak
below Haverstraw (830 ft. high).
Haverstraw Village, with two
miles of brick-yards.
Treason Hill, north of Haver¬
straw, where Arnold met Andrfe
at Joshua Hett Smith's.
Grassy Point, two miles north
of Haverstraw.
Stony Point, one mile north
of Grassy Point. Stormed by
the Americans under Gen. An¬
tony Wayne, July 15, 1779.
Tom kins Cove — with lime¬
kilns and quarry.
Kidd's Point, now Caldwell's
Landing.
EAST BANK.
Sunnyside, home of Washing¬
ton Irving, half a mile north of
R.R. Station, scarcely visible
through the trees, near the
river. Residence of Bierstadt,
the artist, on the heights above.
Tarrytown, 39 miles from
N. Y. Pop. 5,000. Steamer
stops beside ferryboat in middle
of the river, transferring pas¬
sengers for both Tarrytown and
Nyack.
Sing Sing, 30 miles from New
York. Pop. 3,000.
State Prison, near the river,
south of the village, built of
white marble.
Croton River empties into
Hudson one mile north of Sing
Sing.
Croton Point, just above Cro
ton River—junction of Tappan
Bay and Haverstraw Bay.
Teller's Point. Off this point
the Vulture anchored when she
brought Andre to meet Arnold.
Croton Vills^e above.
Montrasse's Point.
Verplanck's Point.
King's Ferry before Revolu¬
tion—between these two points
half a mile.
Manito Mountain.
Peekskill. Pop. 6,000. 43
miles from New York.
HUDSON KIVER ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
Donderberg Mountain, 1,098
feet high.
lona Island—with hotel and
picnic grounds.
Fort Montgomery Creek, op¬
posite Anthony's Nose.
Fort Clinton south side creek.
Fort Montgomery on north
side.
Parry House—with ruins of
old mill in front.
Benny Haven's cottage at
watersidel
Buttermilk Falls, cascade
above.
Cranston's Hotel, 250 ft. above
river, the most fashionable re-
soi-t on the river.
Highland Falls—village be¬
hind bluff. Population, 1,500.
Cranston's Landing.
West Point, one mUe above
Cranston's U. S. Military Acade¬
my, Parade Ground, and Bar¬
racks. The most commanding
strategic point of the Hudson
during the Revolution.
West Shore Railway tunnel
under parade grounds.
Old Fort Putnam—ruins of the
Revolution—596 ft. above river.
Kosciusko's Monument, above
West PointLanding,on the point.
West Point Lighthouse.
West Point Hotel on the bluff.
West Point Village.
16
EAST BANK.
Nameless Highland.
The Race, between lona Is¬
land and the east bank of river.
Anthony's Nose, 1,220 feet
high, with U. R. tunnel near
river.
Sugar Loaf Mountain toward
north-east.
Beverly Dock, close by river.
Robinson House.
Hon. Hamilton Fish's resi¬
dence, brick house on the bluff.
Garrison's, 50 miles from New
York, opposite West Point.
Highland House, half a mile
from river, splendid site.
Constitution Island, opposite
point.
Miss Warner's home, Whit»
Cottage, near the river. Authoi
of "Queechy" and "Wide.
Wide World."
The Two Brothers—rocks.
Cold Spring, 54 miles from
New York, with extensive iron
foundries.
Undercliff, home of George
P. Morris, just north of Cold
Spring.
Moimt Taurus, 1,486 ft. high.
Little Stony Point, promon¬
tory at foot of Bull HiU.
HUDSON RIVKR ROUTR.
WEST BANK.
Old Cro' Nest, 1,418 ft. high.
Kidd's Plug Cliff—the preci¬
pice on bank of river.
Butter Hill.
Storm. King, 1,.539 feet high
—northernmost point of the
Highlands.
Cornwall Village, 56 miles
from N. Y.
Idlewild, home of N. P. WU-
lis, just north of Cornwall Vil¬
lage.
Shawangunk Mountains west.
New Windsor, four miles
north of Cornwall. Hendrick
Hudson anchored here Sept. 15,
1()09.
Newburg Bay.
Washington's Headquarters—
a fli^taff marks the location.
Newburg City, pop. 33,087,
60 miles from New York.
Duyvels Bans Kamer — flat
rock covered with cedars—scene
of the traditionary Indian pow¬
wow which Hendrick Hudson
and his comrades witnessed at
night, with all its Indian acces¬
sories of flre and paint.
Hampton Point—with fine
white cedars—64 miles from
New York.
Marlborough, 66 miles from
New York. The Arbor Vita
grows in great perfection here
EAST BANK.
Breakneck Mountain, 1,18V
feet high.
South Beacon Hill, 1,685 feet
high.
North Beacon Hill, 1,471 feet
high.
Pollipel's Island, at the north
entrance of the Highlands.
Fishkill Mountains to the east.
Fishkill Landing, 60 miles
from New York. Western ter¬
minus of New York and New
England Bailway.
Clinton Point.
Low Point, or Carthage, 64
miles from New York.
New Hamburg, 66 miles from
New York, at the mouth of
Wappinger's Creek.
Locust Point, formerly coun¬
try scat of the late Prof. S. F.
B. Morse, inventor of electric
telegraph.
Poughkeepsie Cemetery.
Buins of Old Livingston
Place jtist above.
River View Military Academy.
City of Poughkeepsie, popu¬
lation 33,306, 75 miles from
New York—Queen City of the
Hudson, 200 feet above river.
Vassar Female College is a
mile and a half east of Pough¬
keepsie.
State Asylum for the Insane
just north of Poughkeepsie.
NEWBURG AND FISHKILL TO RHiNEBECK.
TinDRON KIVER ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
Milton Ferry, or Bamegat,
71 miles from New York. Fa¬
mous for the gre.at quantity of
raspberries raised in the vicihity.
New Paltz Landing, High¬
land Station on West Shore
R. B., oj)posite Poughkecpsie,
75 miles from New York.
Large Ice Houses on the river
bank.
John Astor's summer resi¬
dence.
Mr. Pell's great apple orohard,
with v.IjOOJ fruit-bearing trees.
Port Ewen, or Deserted Vil¬
lage.
Rondout, pop. 30,000, Now
City of Kingston. Point of de¬
parture from Hudson Biver for
Southern Oatskills. Terminus
of Ulster & Delaware R. R.,
Wivlkill Valley R.R., .and Dela-
w.are & Hudson C.anal. Impor¬
tant station West Shore Railway
with CatskUl Mountain connec¬
tions.
Saugerties, pop. 5,000, at
moufh of Esopus Creek.
Maiden — with '' Plattekill
Clove" west.
Evesport, above Maiden.
West Camp Island.
EAST BANK.
College Hill, north-east of city
Poughkeepsie Water Works^
in north part of the city, near
river.
Hyde Park, 80 miles from New
York. Named in honor of Gen.
Edward F. Hyde, one of the
early British Governors of New
York.
Plaeentia, former home of the
l.ate James K. Paulding, one
mile north of Hyde Park.
Dr. Hussack's estate, with
Corinthian pillars.
Esopus Island, 3 miles north
of Hyde Park.
Staatsbnrg, 85 miles from
New York.
" Wildercliff," built by Rev.
Freeborn Garrettson.
Rhine Clift', 90 miles from
New York— Western'terminus of
the Hartford & Connecticut
Western R. R. Rhinebcck Vil¬
lage, two miles east of the river.
Barrytown, 96 miles from N. Y.
Rokeby, residence of William
B. Astor.
Montgomery Place, one mile
north of B.arrytown, built by the
widow of Gen. Richard Mont¬
gomery, who was killed at the
storming of Quebec in 1775.
Cruger's Island, two miles
north of Barrytown, with ruins
brought from Italy.
HUDSON EIVI. K ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
" Pour-County Island," junc¬
tion of Dutchess, Columbia,
Greene, and Ulster counties.
Catskill Mountains, 4,000 feet
above the sea. Indian name,
"Onti Ora," or " Mountains of
the Sky."
Round Top, the highest peak
of the Oatskills, 4,COO feet above
the river.
Hotel Eaaterskill, 3,500 feet
above the river.
Catskill Mountain House,
white building on the moun¬
tain, 3,000 feet above the river.
Catskill Village, 111 miles'
from New York. Pop. 4,000.
Ferry to Catskill Station, West
Shore and Catskill Mountains
Railway stations. Principal
point of departure from the
river for the northern Catskill
Mountains.
Prospect Park Hotel, on bluff
near the landing, 250 feet above
thr- river.
Aliens, opp. Hudson.
Four-Mile Point, 125 feet
high.
Coxsackie, pop. 2,500, 123
miles from New York.
EAST BANK.
Tivoli, 100 miles from N. Y,
Place where first steamboat,
the Claremont, was built by R.
Fulton.
"Claremont," original Liv¬
ingston Manor.
Germantown, 105 miles from
New York.
Livingston, 109 miles from
New York.
Catskill Station.
Church, the artist, has a fine
residence on the high point oppo
site Catskill.
Residence cf John B. Gillette,
Esq., nearer the river.
Roger's Island, behind which
the shipping of the New York
merchants was concealed during
the Revolution.
Mount Merino, two miles
above, just south of the
City of Hudson, 115 miles
from New York, pop. 10,000.
Extensive Iron Works near
river. The Hudson and Ch.at-
ham Branch of the Boston and
Albany R. R. terminates here.
Stockport, four miles north
of Hudson.
HUDSON TO ALBANY.
HTJDSOl^ RIVER ROUTE.
WEST BANK.
New Baltimore—here begins
the government dykes.
Beeren, or Bear Island—meet¬
ing-point ('f the four counties
of Albany, Rensselaer, Colum¬
bia, and Greene—site of the
''Castle of Rensselaerstein,"
from whose wall Nicholas
Kroon, the agent of Killian
Van Rensselaer, the Patroon,
compelled passing vessels to dip
their colors and pay tribute, or
take the chances of being sunk
by the ordnance of the fort.
Coeyman's, Helderberg Moun¬
tains to the west.
Shad Island, north of Coey¬
man's, three miles long—old
Indian fishing ground.
Albany, 144 mUes from New
York. Pop. 94,02:1 Toward
the south we see the buildings
of the Convent of the Sacred
Heart, Almshouse, and further
north the Cathedral, State
House, City Hall, etc. Two ex¬
tensive railroad bridges cross
the river at this place. Both
are over 4,000 feet in length.
Principal hotels are the Dele-
EAST BANK.
Newtown Hook and Prospect
Grove.
Stuyvesant, formerly Slinder-
hook Landing.
Schodac Island, 8 miles long.
Schodac Village, opposite
Coeyman's.
Nine-Mile Tree.
Castleton, 135 miles from
New York.
Overslaugh, or Castleton Bar,
extends about two miles up the
river.
Campbell's Island, with light
on the south end.
Greenbush, or East Albany,
connected with Albany by two
fine railroad bridges.
Troy, six miles above Green-
bush, 150 miles from New York.
Population, 60,956. Extensive
iron works just south of the
city.
Seat of Rensselaer Polytech¬
nic Institute.
Large building oh the hill,
with four pointed towers, is a
Roman Catholic institution.
Van, Kenmore and Stanwix.
At Albany passengers leave the steamer and take the Delaware
& Hudson Canal Co.'s B. R. for Saratoga Springs, Lake George,
Lake Champlain, Adirondacks, Montreal and Canada. Omni¬
buses convey passengers to the railroad depot
20
JTi.tls'^
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0LwaTE1¥
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\^v' \-..' ^iNUaviMij
1.
Corner:!^ 'i
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(c
^y^Wvt'srvjD^
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ALBANY AND TROY TO SARATOGA.
HUDSON KIVER EOUTE.
THE HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
JEBSEY CITY AND HOBOKEN.
As the steamer leaves her wharf and turns her head to the
north, Jersey City and Hoboken are seen to the westward. The
limit of the latter place is marked by a rocky promontory known
as Castle Hill, on which stands the mansion of the Stevens fam¬
ily. In the vicinity of Hoboken are many elegant residences of
wealthy New Yorkers, but the rapid increase of population is fast
depriving them of the almost rural seclusion which they have un¬
til recently enjoyed, and the ornamental grounds which for a long
time beautified the ridge back of the town are out up into city
lots. On the east side of the river is New York, with its appar¬
ently interminable line of wharves and rows of warehouses,
stretching northward as far as the eye can reach, and ending in
a forest of masts toward the south, beyond which are the gray
walls of Castle William on Governor's Island, and still further
the waters of New York Bay, the Narrows, and Staten Island.
The scene is always fuU of life and variety, and at certain times
when wind and tide are favorable, the waters are alive witn craft
of all sizes, making for their various destinations all over the
world, and seemingly in constant danger of collision.
WEEHAWKEN.
North Bergen, Bergen Go., N. J.
Between Hoboken and Weehawken are the Elysian Fields, for¬
merly a beautiful park, but now retaining few traces of tne rural
walks which once made it a favorite resort of New Yorkers. It
continues to be visited by large numbers of pleasure-seekers, but
the attractions are mainly such as are afforded by base-ball
matches, boat races, and other athletic sports. The Indian name
was Weehawk, but custom has added the termination now inva¬
riably affixed. The scene of the duel between Alexander Hamil¬
ton and Aaron Burr is in Weebawken. The spot was formerly
marked by a monument, but some reckless person destroyed it.
It is a g^reen plateau raised a few feet above the river just below
the precipitous cliff that marks the southern end of the PaUsades,
20
HUDSON" RITER ROUTE.
or " Great Chip-Rock " as it was called by the Dutch. It is a
short distance above the point, where a steep bank approaches
the shore of the river. The fatal quarrel between these two
prominent men was a political one, and was marked by great
malignity on the part of Mr. Burr. Weehawken is the southern
terminus of the West Shore Railway, completed in 1883. The
New York stations are at Franklin Street and W. 42d Street.
Leaving Weehawken this railway leads throngh a long tunnel
to the Hackensack Valley, west of the Palisades, reaching the
Hudson River again at Haverstraw Bay. This tunnel is three-
fourths of a mile long, and is bored through solid trap rock of
very gi'eat hardness. Weehawken has been transformed by the
West Shore Railroad Company into'a grand Eastern terminal
station of the great trunk line of railways constituting the West
Shore Line. Extensive docks and elevators are built here to
accommodate the great traffic of this line.
The view from the summit of the ridge is wide and beautiful,
overlooking the Hudson River, New York Harbor, New York
City, Brooklyn, Long Island Sound, and Long Island, as far as
the Atlantic Ocean, towards the southeast, and the Valley of the
Hackensack, Newark, Orange, and the villages lying between the
Hudson River and Orange Mountains to the westward.
THE WEST SHORE ELEVATOR
is at Weehawken, N. J., just across the river from New York
City, and is 303 feet long, 100 feet wide, and 150 feet high. It
is built on a pier which extends 1,160 feet into the North River.
Grain can be delivered to boats from each side of elevator.
Two tracks run through the building and out on the dock be¬
yond ; eight cars can stand on each track inside the elevator at
a time. The grain is unloaded from the eight cars at the same
time by steam shovels, and conveyed to the receiving scales at
the top of the building by eight legs, after which it is distributed
by spouts to storing bins, of which there are 187, having a total
capacity of 1,300,000 bushels. Twelve shipping bins are on each
side of the house into which the grain is run, for loading vessels.
Besides the eight legs for unloading cars there are eight legs
91
HUDSON KIVEU ROUTE.
for conveying the grain from the bins to the shipping scales, by
which delivery can be made from store simultaneously with the
unloading of the cars. Each elevating leg has a capacity of 6,000
bushels per hour. The screening and blowing are dene by four
machines located on the scale floors in the upper part of the
building. The engine, a 759 horse-power Corliss, is located at
the west end of the building, and propels the main shafting at
the top of the house by means of a rubber belt, 320 feet long and
48 inches wide. The scales used are the improved Fairbanks'.
MANHATTANVILLE
is a part of New York. The name is applied to tiie neighbor¬
hood of 132d Street. The conspicuous building on high ground,
a little south of Manhattanville, is the Lunatic Asylum. It is
surrounded by about forty acres of ornamental grounds, which
arc devoted to the use of the inmates of the Asylum. Nearer
the river is the Clarcmont Hotel, where in former years lived
Viscount Courtenay, afterward Earl of Devon. Joseph Bona¬
parte occupied the house during the first year of his exile in this
country. It is now a popular resort for frequenters of the River¬
side Drive.
CARHANSVIILE.
At 152d Street is another suburb of New York, and, being far¬
ther from the city, contains more of the elements of a rural dis¬
trict. The distinguished n.aturalist Audubon lived here for many
years, and is buried in Trinity Cemetery, near by. The large
building surmounted by a dome a little above Carmansville is the
New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb. It stands on the
southern slope of Washington Heights, commanding a wide view,
and surrounded by spacious and cultivated grounds. The build¬
ings are in the form of a quadrangle, and are capable of accom¬
modating 4-50 pupils. The institution is the oldest of its kind in
the country, excepting that at Hartford, Conn. It was incorpo¬
rated April 15, 1817.
FORT WASHINGTON.
That portion of Manhattan Island known by the name of
Washington Heights is thq^nly part which retains, to any great
21a
THE MEMORIAL FOUNTAIN, POUQHKEEPSIE, N. ,Y.
Erected bf the Hon. H. O. Eastman.
HUDSON ElVER ROUTE.
degree, the natural attractions which formerly rendered the whole
island so beautiful. The grading and leveling of city engineers
has not yet reached this charming region, although it is pene¬
trated by streets in every direction, and contains elegant resi¬
dences throughout its whole extent. The fortification after
which this place is named was an extensive earthwork occupying
the crown of Washington Heights, and commanding the rivei
above and below, as well as the neighboring country. It formed
the end and citadel of an irregular line of works extending along
the northern part (f Ihe island. The point extending into the
river under Washington Heights is Jeffrey's Hook, and among its
cedars are mounds which mark the site of a redoubt built at the
same time with the neighboring fortifieations. These works,
with their garrison of 2,700 men, were captured by the British
after a sharp resistance, on Nov. lO, 177(5. This was the second
defeat of the Americans in New York, and was a severe blow to
the friends of the republic in this vicinity.
FORT LEE.
Haekemack, Bergen Co., N. J., 10 m. fr. New York.
The traveler is now opposite the lower end of the Palisades,
which stretch in an unbroken wall of columnar trnp rock for 15
miles along the river. These rocks vary in height from 800 to
500 feet above the water, and are crowned by a heavy growth of
timber. Houses are already beginning to be erected along the
edgo of this cliff, which commands a wide and beautiful view of
the river and its shores, including Manhattan Island and the East
River to Long Island Sound. Doubtless before many years a con¬
tinuous line of villas will crown the top of this remarkable ridge.
Fort Lee stood on the summit of the ridge at its southern ex¬
tremity. A little village now occupies its site, and large hotels
for the entertainment of excursion parties rise one above another
on the slope of tbe declivity. The remains of the fort are scarce¬
ly discernible, and cannot be seen at all from the river. This
fort was occupied by the Americans until after the British
had captured Fort Washington in 1776, when it also was aband¬
oned, and the Americans retreated across the State of New
Jersey.
• 22.,
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
The large white building with two towers, standing in the gorge
at the beginning of the Palisades, is the Fort Lee Park Hotel.
The large octagon building at the base of hill is a Pavilion. The
building on dock is a large waiting-room for the accommodation
of daily excarsionists who frequent the popular resort by a line of
boats running from Canal, 24tb, and 34th Streets, New York,
and ferry from Manhattanville, 125th Street.
SPUYTEN Dinrvil.
New York City and Co., 12 m. fr. New York.
The cluster of houses on the upper side of the creek whose
mouth is here seen, is known as Spuyten Duyvil, but the name
was originally applied only to the creek itself, which connects
Harlem River with the Hudson, thereby forming Manhattan
Island. Through this estuary tide-water flows, the currents
meeting at or near Kingsbridge, about a mile from the
Hudson. The Harlem River Ship Canal, opened on June
17, 1895, joins the Hudson River at this point, and forms
a waterway for large vessels passing between the Hudson
River and Long Island Sound and East River. Here the
main line of the Hudson River Railroad strikes the shore of
the river, curving sharply through a deep rock-cutting, just north
of the bridge. The branch which crosses the bridge is used
mostly for freight, but has also a passenger station at Slat Street.
The main passenger terminus is at the Grand Central Depot at 42d
Street and Fourth Avenue. The name Spuyten Duyvil is ascribed
by the veracious Diedrich Knickerbocker (Washington Irving), to
Anthony Van Corlear, the redoubtable Dutch trumpeter, who, be¬
ing bound on an important mission to the mainland, and finding
himself unable to procure a boat, swore that "en spuyt den duy¬
vil" he would swim the creek. He plunged in, and when mid¬
way across was observed to struggle violently, until no longer
able to resist the Duyvil, who was doubtless tugging at his legs,
he raised his trumpet to his lips, gave a loud blast, and sank for¬
ever to the bottom. However it obtained its name, the vicinity
is interesting. The creek formed the southern boundary of the
famous neutral ground of revolutionary times, where the regular
troops of the American and British armies were continually mak¬
ing raids. At Kingsbridge, redoubts were thrown up on both
CS
The Palisades.
HUDSON RIVEE ROUTE.
sides of the creek, and on December 19, 1780, an encounter took
place between the Americans and a large detachment of British
and Hessians, which led to no decisive result. Another skirmish
occurred here in 1776, between a party of American stragglers
and a Hessian guard, in which the former gained the advantf^e.
Prior to these events, Hendrick Hudson and the Manhattan In¬
dians had 3 long-sustained fight just at the mouth of the creek,
where Hudson anchored the "Half-Moon," in October, 1609.
The Indians tried to board the yacht from their canoes, but
were repulsed.
Opposite Spuyten Duyvil is Lydecker Peak, one of the highest
points of the Palisades, which projects somewhat into the river.
Upon this peak stood the magnificent Palisades Mountain House,
in full view from the railroad and river. It was one of the finest
summer hotels on the Hudson, and owing to the charming scenery
it commanded, the beautiful drives about it, its nearness to New
York, its ease of access, and the superb style in which it was kept,
it was a very popular resort for New Yorkers. It was burned June
3d, 1884. From the dock at the foot of the Palisades a fine car¬
riage road leads over the heights to Englewood, N. J. This Pal¬
isades dock is reached by steamboats from Harrison street. New
York, or by rail from 30th street depot to Inwood, on the Hud¬
son Kiver Eailroad, whence a steam ferry crosses the river.
RIVERDALE.
New York City and Co., 14 m. fr. Oily Hall.
This village is composed almost entirely of the country resi¬
dences of gentlemen doing business in New York, and is one of
the most beautiful suburbs of the great metropolis. About a mile
and a half above Iliverdale is Mt. St. Vincent, a Boman Catholic
educational institution, under the immediate control of the Sis¬
ters of Charity, who purchased Font Hill, as the place was called,
from the celebrated tragedian, Edwin Forrest. The castellated
structure of dark stone, built by Forest as a private residence, is
now part of the Mt. St. Vincent Academy, though, unfortunately,
the two buildings are architecturally inharmonious. These build¬
ings are at the northernmost limit of the city of New York.
From Eiverdale north for twenty miles the east bank of the
Hudson is covered with the elegant country seats of New York
merchants.
24
HTTOSON RIVER ROUTE.
YONKEBS.
Weitehester Co., N. T., 17 m. fr. New York.
Yonkeis is a flourlshiDg town at the mouth of the Neperah or
Saw-Mill River. The former name was given by the Indians, and
signifies " rapid-water village," aptly describing the series of falls
and rapids with which the stream joins the Hudson. The town
is largely composed of the residences of city business men. Hen-
drick Hudson anchored off Yonkers when ascending the river in
September, 1609. and was visited by large numbers of Indians
with whom he traded. In the evening the tide set strongly up
stream, which confirmed Hudson in the belief that he was in a
passage between two oceans. The name Yonkers is derived from
the Dutch " Yonk-heer," signifying the heir of a famiiy. The
greater part of this region was purchased from the Vander Donck
family, to whom it was originally granted by Frederick Philipse.
The old " Philipse Manor " still exists, and is a most attractive
object for those interested in relics of the olden time. The manor
stands within the town of Yonkers. The older portion was built
in 1082, and the more modern portion in 1745. It is probably the
finest specimen of an old-fashioned mansion in the country. The
intei'ior decorations have been scrupulously preserved, and are very
quaint and curious. In this old Hall was born Mary Philipse, the
belle of her day and the early love of Washington. She chose to
m.irry another. Roger Morris; but it is said that Washington al¬
ways cherished the memory of the beautiful heiress of Philipse
Manor.
HASTINGS.
Greenhurg, Westchester Co., N. F., 21 m. fr. New York.
About midway between Yonkers and Hastings, on the opposite
side of the River, is the highest point of the Palisades, nearly 500
feet above the river. It is known as " Indian Head," and from
it may be obtained a wide view over the neighboring country.
Hastings is similar in its characteristics to Yonkers, and contains
many beautiful country-seats. It is said to have been a favorite
resort of Garibaldi's when the Liberator of Italy kept a soap and
candle factory on Staten Island. The country in the vicinity is
diversified, and intersec^d by excellent roads, which render the
HUDSON EIVER ROUTE.
rides and drives in every direction most attractive. A Britisn
force, under Cornwallis, crossed the river at this place in 1776,
joined another force in capturing Fort Lee, and then pursued the
Americans to the Delaware River.
BOBBS' FERBT.
Greenburg, Westeliester Co., N. Y., 28 m. fr. New York.
A village of considerable size, containing villas and cottage? of
tasteful and elegant appearance. The village is named after a
ferry which was kept in olden times between this place and Pier-
mont, opposite, by one Dobbs, a Swede. An attempt was made
some years since to have this name changed to " Paulding," as
being both more euphonious and appropriate. The proposition
led to quite a controversy in the newspapers; but public opinion
decided, for the time at least, in favor of the old Swedish ferry¬
man. The river here widens into Tappan Bay, or as it was called
by the Dutch, Tappan Zee. This bay extends to Croton Point,
having an average width of nearly four miles. Dohbs' Ferry is
well known in Revolutionary annaks. The British concentrated
their forces here after their dearly-bought victory at White Plains,
five miles east. This battle took place in October, 1776. In 1777
a division of the American army, under General Lincoln, was en¬
camped here for several months. The Commission sent by Sir
Henry Clinton to intercede for the life of the unfortunate spy.
Major Andre, landed here and held a long but unsuccessful con¬
sultation with General Greene, the president of the court which
condemned him to death. Greene met the Chief of the Commis¬
sion by permission of General Washington, only in the character
of a private gentleman; but although both friend and foe desired
to save Andre's life, the conference proved unavailing. Dobbs'
Ferry was the first place appointed for a meeting between Andr^
and Arnold. The plan, however, was not successfully carried out
PIEBMONT.
Orangetown, Rockland Co., N. Y. 24 m. fr. New York
A short distance below Piermont is the line between New York
and New Jersey, near which the Palisades recede from the shore
and lose their precipitous character. The ridge continues, how*
•an
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
ever, in a series of hills reaching, in some places, a height of nearlj
700 feet, bat nowhere resuming the peculiar palisade formation.
The long pier which projects into the river from this place is the
terminus of a branch of the Erie Railway, which connects with
the main line at Suffern, 18 miles west. Two miles back of Pier-
mont on the West Shore R. R. is Tappan, where, on October 2,
1780, Major Andre was tried, condemned, and executed. (See
page 29.) The beautiful " Arbor Vit® " (Thuja Occidentalis) is
frequently seen, singly or in groves, along the banks. It is, in
fact, the common white cedar, which in this vicinity assumes a
beautiful pencil-like habit of growth, and forms a distinctive
featnre of the landscape.
IRVINGTOK.
Greenburg, Westchester County, N. Y., in.fr. New York.
Is a village of comparatively recent growth, inhabited, in g^eat
part, by the families of gentlemen whose place of business is in
New York. The river is here about three miles wide, and the
sloping hills that look over this tranquil bay are literally covered
with beautiful villas and eharming grounds. At no point on the
Hudson are there more evidences of wealth and refinement, and
this locality around Irvington is noted as one of the most aristo¬
cratic suburbs of the great metropolis. Many of these palatial
structures are furnished with the choicest that art and wealth
can produce, and are the abodes of luxury, culture, and the mo.st
exquisite taste. The village is named in honor of Washington Ir¬
ving, the genial author whose pen has done so much to preserve
whatever is interesting in the traditionary history of the Hudson
River. " Sunnyside," the home of Irving during the last years
of his life, is a little north of the village, and glimpses of the pic¬
turesque house and grounds may be caught from the steamer as
it passes. This house, with its quaint Dutch gables, includes the
original building known to readers of Irving's works as " Wolfert's
Roost," where Ichabod Crane courted the lovely Eatrina Van
Tassel, as related in the " Legend of Sleepy Hollow." Irving
died November 28, 1859, and was buried in the cemetery near
Tarry town, in that very " Sleepy Hollow" which bis graceful
pen has made forever famous.
27
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
TAERYTOWN.
Oreeiiburg and Mt. Pleasant, Westchester Co., N. 7"., 29 m. fr.
New Yoi-k.
Tanytown is delightfully situated on a hillside overlooking the
river and the Palisades to the southward, and commanding a dis¬
tant view of the Ramapo Mountains and the Hudson Highlands
to the west and north. The whole town is thickly studded with
dwellings of every size and every style of beauty. Prominent
among these is the white marble edifice known as Paulding
Manor, which stands just below the town. It was buUt by de¬
scendants of Commodore Paulding, and is one of t he finest speci¬
mens of the Elizabethan style of architecture in this country.
It has passed out of the possession of the Paulding family. A
little above Tarrytown is the Pocantico, a small stream flowing
through the valley, called by the Dutch " Slaeperigh Haven,"
and translated into English as " Sleepy Hollow." About half a
mile from the mouth of this stream is an old Dutch church,
which is a curiosity in its way. It is the oldest church edifice in
the State of New York, having been buUt in X699. Its walls con¬
tain bricks which were imported from Holland when the church
was erected. The old bell hangs in the belfry, on whose pointed
roof an iron vane still turns, bearing the monogram of the founder
of the church, Frederick Philipse, whose mansion, known as
"Philipse Castle," stands on the banks of the stream not far
distant. This is the dwelling whence the Philipse family moved
when the mansion at Yonkers was built. To the eastward of the
church is the valley of Sleepy Hollow, and the ideutical bridge,
or at least its successor, over which the Headless Hessian pursued
Ichabod Crane, as related by Irving in the "Legend of Sleepy
Hollow." Between this bridge and Tarrytown the road crosses
" Andre's Brook," and near by stands a monument marking the
spot where he was captured. A suitable inscription gives the
.leading facts connected with that event.
38
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
ANDR6 AND ARNOLD.
The story of Arnold's treason and of Andre's capture and exe¬
cution is one of the most interesting and at the same time one of
the saddest in our history. Benedict Arnold was a major-general
in the American army, having won his position by distinguished
gallantry and zeal. It is not necessary here to trace the successive
steps which led to bis fall. Suf&ce it to say that certain acts of his
while in command at Philadelphia led to his trial by court-martial.
He was sentenced to be reprimanded, but the sentence, mild as it
was, embittered him toward his country, and he began to take
steps toward opening a correspondence with the enemy. Assigned
to the command of West Point and vicinity, he soon began nego¬
tiations for surrender to Sir Hemy Clinton. Finally arrange¬
ments were made for a meeting with Major John Andre, Adju¬
tant-General of the British army. The British sloop of war "Vul¬
ture " was sent up to Teller's Point with Andre on board. On the
second night he landed on the west side of the river, just below
Stony Point, and meeting Arnold consulted with him until day¬
light. Their plans were incomplete when day broke, and Arnold
persuaded his companion to go with him to a tory house near by.
Horses were at hand, provided, and the two rode together through
the dark woods. Presently they were challenged by a sentry, and
then Andre perceived that he was within the enemy's line. They
went on, however, and entered the house. As soon as daylight was
sufficiently clear, an American gun opened fire on the " Vulture "
from Teller's Point, and the vessel weighed anchor and dropped
down the river. Andre was in uniform, but in order to provide
gainst discovery he put on a plain coat, and by this act assumed
the disguise which deprived him of his official character, and ren¬
dered him open to conviction as a spy. In the course of the day
plans for the surrender of the garrisons about West Point were
completed, and Andre became anxious to regain the British lines.
Being unable to get a boat to take him down to the '' Vulture,"
he was forced to take the land route. Accordingly he crossed
King's Ferry, and on the strength of Arnold's passes passed all
the regular American outposts. On this particular morning,
89
HUDSON RIVKR ROUTE.
however, three volunteers had agreed to watch the road at Tarty-
town, and on Andre's appearance halted him, and made him dis¬
mount, and discovered inside his stockings the evidences of his
mission. Andrd offered bribes to a large amount if they would
let him go, but the stern patriots refused, and marched him off to
the nearest American post. The commanding officer. Colonel
Jamieson, was very near sending prisoner, papers, and all to Ar¬
nold, but Major Tallmadge persuaded him to send only a lettc/
detailing the circumstances of the arrest. This Arnold received
while at breakfast. He immediately left the table, ordered his
horse, saying that he was wanted down the river, rode to Beverly
Dock (see page 37), and leaping into a boat went down the rivet
to the "Vulture."
Andre at once wrote to Washington, frankly telling the whole
truth, and closing with the words " Thus was I betrayed (beiog
Adjutant-General of the B. army) into the vile condition of an
enemy in disguise within your posts." Washington convened a
court, which tried Andre at Tappan. The accused so freely ad¬
mitted all the charges and specifications, that it was not necessary
to examine a single witness, and the court, after long deliberation,
reluctantly sentenced him to death. Much sympathy was felt
for Andre throughout the American camp, but every one acknowl¬
edged that under the circumstances no leniency should be shown.
An informal proposition was made to exchange him for Arnold,
but neither Washington nor Sir Henry Clinton would officially
consider this plan, and on October 2, 1780, Andre was hung. In
1832 his remains were removed to England, and a monument
stands in Westminster Abbey on which the sad story is inscribed.
Arnold was made a Major-General in the British army, and re¬
ceived £10,000, the price of his treason, but was despised even by
his brother officers, and died with hardly a friend to mourn his
loss. Monuments have been erected to the memory of Paulding
and Van Wart, two of the men engaged in Andre's capture at
Peekskill and Tarry town. In 1878 the Rev. Arthur Penrhyn
Stanley, Dean of Westminster, visited this country, and secured
permission to have a stone, bearing a suitable inscription, zaiaed
to .audrd's memory on the place of his executitm.
SO
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
NTACK.
Orangetown, Bockland Co., If. T., 27 tn.fr. New York.
Nearly opposite Tarrytown, at the foot of a precipitous hill.
On the western side of the Tappan Zee the mountains sweep
back from Picrmont in the form of a semicircle, and meet the
river again at the northern extremity of the Zee, in a series of
bluSs familiarly known as the Hook, almost as imposing as the
Rock of Gibraltar, which it strongly resembles in outline and
general appearance. Within this semicircle—one of the loveliest
spots on the river—nestles the village of Nyack, which is rapidly
growing into a large suburban town. The Rip Van Winkle sleep
which seems to have possessed this part of the western shore of
the river from time immemorial, has been very properly disturbed
by the extension of the Northern Railway to Nyack, and now all
is bustle and activity. Looking out from the promontory which
extends into the " Zee," on a point nearly central between Pier*
mont and the Hook, is the Tappan Zee Hotel.
SING SING.
Omning, Westchester Co., N. T., 9^m.fr. New York.
This town is on the east bank, and a large part of its houses
command an extensive view down the river. Sing Sing is gener¬
ally known as the site of the State Prison, to which most of the
convicts of New York City are sent. The white prison buildings
will be readily recognized at the lower end of the town. The
marble of which these buildings are constructed is the kind known
as dolomite. It is quarried near by, and the prisons have been
built by the convicts themselves. The main building was ready
for occupation in 1829, but has received improvements and addi¬
tions since. In connection with the prison, the name of Gapt.
Elam Lynds shonld not be forgotten. This officer took charge
of a party of one hundred convicts at Auburn, brought them to
Sing Sing (there were no railroads in those days), and set them
to work to wall themselves in, which in due time was accom¬
plished, and thus Sing Sing prison was begun. Capt. Lynds was
a natural disciplinariau, and is said to have brought the hundred
men from Auburn with the aid of only a few guards. Opposite
81
HUDSON KIVEB KOUTE.
Sing Sing is a high hill, projecting somewhat into the nvet
This is known by its old Dutch name of " Verdritege Hook."
The name signifies "grievous," and was given in consequence of
the frequent squalls which beset the sailor in this neighborhood.
" Rockland Lake " lies on one of the shoulders of this mountain.
This lake is about half a mile from the river, and 300 feet above
it. Large quantities of ice are cut from its surface every winter.
The slide by which the ice is sent down to be loaded on barges
may be seen near the landing, leading straight up the hillside to
the lake shore. The peculiar sharp pointed peak near by is known at
the '' High Tom." The West Shore Railway makes its appearance at
this point on the Hudson, on the side of High Tom Mountain opposite
<3roton Point.
TELLER'S AND CBOTON BOINTS.
Cortland, Westchester Co., N. Y., 30 m.fr. New York,
The extremity of this tongue of land, projecting far into the
river from its eastern bank, is known as " Teller's Point." " Cro-
ton Point" is that portion nearer the shore of the river. It sepa¬
rates Tappan Bay from Haverstraw Bay. OS this point the
"Vulture" anchored when she brought Andre to meet Arnold,
and from thence the gun was brought to bear which drove that
vessel down the river. Croton Point is now occupied by the vine¬
yards of Dr. Underbill, whose pure wines are much used for med¬
icinal purposes. Just below Teller's Point is the mouth of Croton
River, which supplies New York with water. This stream has a
wide mouth, sometimes called Croton Bay, which was partly filled
up in 1841 by the washing away of the Croton Reservoir dam.
The work was, however, pressed forward, and in 1842 water was
supplied to the city through the Croton pipes. The aqueduct is
built of solid masonry, and follows the course of the Hudson at
an average distance of about a mile from its shore. This aque¬
duct is capable of dischargfing 60,000,000 gallons per day into the
receiving reservoir in the Central Park, New York. The entire
cost of the Croton works at their completion was about |14,000,-
000. Since that time great improvements and additions have
been made, to meet the demands of the growing city. It is esti¬
mated that the Croton River will supply water enough for New
york even if the citpr should reach five times its present size
33
HUDSON RIVKK ROUTE.
HAYEBSTRAW.
HaverstraiB, RocH(ind Co., N. Y., 36 m. fr. New York.
For a few miles below Haverstraw, the summits of the High¬
lands are distinctly in sight, up the river, although their bases are
hidden by intervening hills. The long ridge-like elevation, to¬
ward which the boat heads, is the " Donderberg," near l,00{»ieet
in height. Haverstraw is the village seen on a high bank, or
plateau, on the west side of the river, which above Croton Point
spreads oat into the wide and beautiful expanse known as Haver¬
straw Bay." Extensive brick kilns line the river bank. Haver¬
straw is an important station of the West Shore Railroad.
VERPLANCK'S POINT .\ND STONY POINT.
These two points mark the upper end of Haverstraw Bay.
•' Stony Point" is on the west side of the river, a bold rocky em¬
inence, having a lighthouse on its summit. Opposite, on the east
side of the river, is " Verplanck's Point," which may be recog¬
nized by several large brick-making establishments, with their
kilns and drying-houses. Just below Stony Point is " Grassy
Point," and opposite to it " Montrasse's Point." Between Stony
and Verplanck's Point the river is only half a mile wide, which
fact, together with the commanding positions afforded by the
neighboring hills, rendered this an important pass during the
Revolutionary War. Long previous to that war a ferry was es¬
tablished here known as " King's Ferry," forming an important
avenue of communicatiou between the Eastern and Middle States.
The importance of the Hudson River as a base of operations and
as a natural boundary was early recognized by Washington, and
here, as at Washington Heights, fortifications were erected com¬
manding the river. A short distance southwest of Stony Point is
Treason Hill, whereon stands Smith's house, in which Andre and
Arnold completed their scheme for the surrender of West Point,
and whence Andre started to cross King's Ferry, on his fatal jour¬
ney toward New York. North of Stony Point a high limestone
cliff rises from near the water's edge. At its foot are the " Tomp¬
kins Lime Kilns," looking like a stone fortress with arched case'
mates. These quarries have been worked for many years, and vast
quantities of slaked lime are annually shipped to market. Be¬
sides the lime, between 30,000 and 40,000 tons of gravel, too
coarse for slaking, are usecf for roads in the Central Park, New
York, and other public highways in the vicinity.
33
HUDSON KIVKR ROUTE.
THE C.\PTURE OF STONY POINT.
The forts located at Stony Point were held by the Americans
until June 1, 1779, when they were simultaneously invested by
a British force commanded by Sir Henry Clinton. No direct
attack was made on Fort Lafayette, the work on Verplanck'a
Point, until after the evacuation of Stony Point. The garrison
at the latter place numbered only 40 men, and abandoned the
work on the approach of an overwhelming force of the British,
who quietly took possession, ran up the cross of St. George cit
the flagstaff, and opened fire on Fort Lafayette with the capture^
g^uns. At the same time Gen. Yaughan attacked on the eastsido,
of the river, and the weak garrison of 70 men was soon forced to'
surrender. The loss of this position was a severe blow to the
Americans, compelling them to make a wide detour in order to j
keep up their communications. General Anthony Wayne at onoo
requested and obtained permission to storm Stony Point, and ot
midnight on the 15th of July, 1779, led two columns of pickeft^
men to the assault. They advanced undiscovered until they welOj
close upon the British picket, which of course g^ve the alarm,
and the garrison turned out. The parapet was manned, and •
scathing fire of grape and musketry swept the hillside; hoi
" Mad Anthony " was at the head of his column, and, within hatf
an hour after the first shot, carried the works at the bayonet*#'
point, capturing the entire garrison with its stores. Wayne was
knocked over, hut not seriously injured, by a musket balL The
next morning a cannonade was opened on the works at Verplanck's
Point, and continued through the day. Re-enforcements were
sent to the British, and it soon became evident that sufficient
force to hold Stony Point could not be spared by the Americans.
They therefore dismantled and abandoned the fort, and it passed
again into British hands. They, however, in turn abandoned the
position in October, and from that time the Americans retained
possession. On the one hundredth anniversary of the capture of
Stony Point, commemorative exercises were held on the spot and
the battle was fought over again, the cadet battalion from West
Point participating.
I
CAPTURE OP STONY POINT BY THE AMERICANS, JULY 16TH, 1779.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
FEEESKILl..
Cortland, Westchester Co., N. F., 43 m. fr. New Tyrk.
Soon after rounding Verplanck's Point, Peekskill may be seen
near the Highlands, on the east bank of the river. At this point,
in ascending the river, a stranger naturally infers that the stream
follows the base of the high hills stretching to the eastward.
This delusion is aided by the wide creek or inlet which opens in
that direction. It will not therefore be thought strange that in
early times Jan Peek, a Dutch skipper, steered his craft up this
creek and in due time ran her hard and fast aground. Jan
looked aboat him, and seeing that the land was good, concluded
to remain, which he accordingly did, and the place is called
Peekskill unto this day. The village is a pleasant one, and within
easy reach of all interesting parts of the Highlands. The Rev.
Henry Ward Beecher has a country residence a little east of the
village. Port Independence stood, during Revolutionary times,
on the point above Peekskill, where its ruins may still be seen.
And on the point below is the Franciscan Convent Academy of
" Our Lady of Ange'.s." The village on the point opposite Peeks-
kill is Caldwell's Landing. Above it rise the rocky and weather-
beaten crags of the Donderberg, or Thunder Mountain, around
which, at the close of a sultry summer day, black clouds are
wont to gather, casting a deep inky blackness over mountain and
river, while muiterings of thunder are echoed from peak to peak,
with such strange and confused rumblings that we can hardly
wonder at the superstitions which, according to Irving, peopled
the hills with a crowd of little imps in sugar-loaf hats and ehort
doublets, who were seen at various times '' tumbling head over
heels in the rack and mist," and bringing down frightful squalls
on such craft as failed to drop the peaks of their mainsails in
salute to the Dutch goblin who kept the Donderberg. As the
boat passes Peekskill the view up stream become^ truly magnifi¬
cent. On the east shore, on a wide plateau, is the State Encamp¬
ment, where the regiments of the National Guard of the State of
New York encamp once a year, in July or August, for drill and in¬
spection. AbovetheDonderbergisAnthony'sNose, 1,200ft. high.
In the " History of New York," Irving gives an amusing account
of the origin of this name. Another says it was once compared
-85
THE STEAMER MARY POWELL ENTERING THE HIGHLANDS OF THE HUDSON RIVER.
HUDSON EIVER EOUTE.
the nose of one Anthony Hogans, the captain of a sloop, who
possessed an unusually large nose, and thus the name obtained
a local currency which eventually became fixed as the title of this
majestic hill. On the west side of the river is lona Island, on
which were formerly extensive vineyards, and which now has a
hotel and is a well-known place of resort. This island is the
northernmost point which is reached by the sea-breeze. The
effect upon vegetation is very noticeable in the spring of the
year. The stream which may be seen falling into the river be¬
low Anthony's Nose is known as " Brocken Kill." It is full of
romantic cascades, almost from its mouth to its sources. -
FOBIS CLINTON AND UONTGOIIEBT.
CornwaU, Orange Co., N. T., 47 m.fr. New York.
On the west side of the river, nearly opposite to Anthony's
Nose, may be seen the mouth of Montgomery Creek. On the
rocky heights above and below the creek stood Forts Clinton and
Montgomery, which were in 1777 the principal defences of the
Hudson. They were considered impregnable to an assault from
the land side, and with the ordnance of the day they had little to
fear from a naval attack. A heavy boom, made of a huge iron
chain on timber floats, stretched across the river, and was made
fast to the rocks at Anthony's Nose. This, it was thought, would
effectually prevent the ascent of a hostile fleet. On October G,
1777. Sir Henry Clinton sent a strong detachment around and
over the Donderberg to attack these forts in the rear. A demon¬
stration on the east side of the river had led General Putnam to
anticipate an attack on Fort Independence, near Peekskill, and
a portion of the garrison at Fort Montgomery was temporarily
withdrawn to strengthen that post. The British had a sharp
skirmish with an American detachment at Lake Sinnipink,
which is still known among the inhabitants as " Bloody Pond."
This attack was the first warning which aroused the garrison at
the forts. In the course of the afternoon the forts were at¬
tacked, and the garrisons defended themselves gallantly until
evening, when, it having become evident that they could not
nold out, they took to the mountains, an orderly retreat being
impossible, and so the greater part escaped. An American flo-
36
HUDSON RIVER AT WEST POINT. LOOKINC SOUTH.
tJRANSTON'S HOTEL IN THE DISTANCE.
HDDSON RIVER ROUTE.
THE UNITED STATES MILITARY ACADEMY.
West Point is best known as the site of the United States Mili¬
tary Academy. Before the commencement of the present cen¬
tury, Washington suggested this place as well adapted for the
establishment of such an institution, but no formal steps were
taken by Congress until 1802. Ten years later, in 1812, the
school was fairly established, and has ever since continued to in¬
crease in importance and excellence. Few of the academy build¬
ings can be seen from a passing boat, the buildings being situated
on an elevated plateau, about 180 feet above the river. This
plateau is occupied by the various barracks, schools, arsenals,
etc., connected with the institution bordering a broad parade
open for military evolutions, parades, etc., and overlooked by the
grand summits of the surrounding hills. There is no institution
in the land better calculated to make a favorable impression on
the visitor than this academy. The good order and strict disci¬
pline which prevail, however irksome they may be to the cadets,
have the eSect of imparting to them a mental and physical train¬
ing which they never forget. The most accomplished officers of
the army are detailed as instructors, with a special professional
staff appointed from civil life. Visitors properly introduced may
be present at recitations and indeed observe all the elaborate
organization that gives this famous military school its well-
deserved fame. The life of a cadet is by no means an easy one.
His physique must be perfect and his mental capacity of no mean
order to enable him to pass successfully through the four years
of study and military training. The average number of cadets
is about 250. Candidates for admission are nominated by mem¬
bers of Congress and by the President, a certain number being
fixed for each congressional district. These candidates report
for examination in June of each year, and, if they are mentally
and physically qualified, are admitted as cadets, which is, in mili¬
tary rank, a gprade below second lieutenant. The course of in¬
struction is very thorough and complete, especially in mathe¬
matics ; military tactics and operations bearing an important
place. The best time to visit West Point is during the months
of July and August when the cadets go into camp. Drills,
• 38
HUDSON BIVEB BOUTB.
ratal from Batter Hill by a wild and picturesqae valley. The
name '' Cro' Nest" probably was at first applied to a deep rocky
depression which exists near the summit, but it is now aiider-
stood to mean the mountain itself. The name will recall Joseph
Rodman Drake's beautifnl poem, " The Culprit Fay," the scene
of which is laid among^ these hills.
The precipice which forms the river-face of "Cro' Nest" is
known as'-Kidd's Ping Cliff." It owes its name to a singular
projecting mass of rock which may be seen near its summit. The
neighboring mountain named " Klinkersberg " by the Dutch, has
of late come to be called the Storm King, and as the old name is
neither beautiful nor appropriate, it will soon be forgotten. Its
summit is 1,529 feet high. To the late N. P. Willis is due the
credit of rechristening this grand peak, as well as giving appro¬
priate names to other objects of interest in the vicinity.
CORNWALL LANDING.
CornwaM, Grange Co., N. T., 56 m. fr. New York.
The vUlage of Cornwall is a short distance west of the river. The
beauty of its situation renders it a fashionable resort during the
Bummer, when its many beautiful residences are the scene of a
constant round of gayety. Entertaining summer visitors has be¬
come the cliaracteristic business of the town. About 5.000 per¬
sons annually take their summer abode in this town, and Hie
permanent population has increased within a few years to about
8,000 souls. The hotels and boarding-houses do not reach the
magnificent proportions of some of the Saratoga hotels, but are
neat and convenient, and from its nearness to New York, and
facilities of access, the town has reached a great popularity for
summer residence. There are several schools and churches, a
savings bank, public library and reading-room in the village.
"Idlewild," the former residence of N. P. Willis, and where he
passed the last fifteen years of his life, is on the road leading from
Cornwall to Newburg. It is scarcely visible from the river.
Several other handsome country-seats are scattered along on the
west bank of the river. After passing Breakneck Hill, " Beacon
Hill" may be seen to the eastward. This elev.ation is 1,471 feet
in height, and commands a prospect which has given it considerable
41
NORTHt:i:N ENTRANCE TO THE HIGHLANDS OF THE HUDSON RIVER.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
celebrity. It was used during the Revolution as a signal station.
Looking to the westward as soon as the Storm King ceases to
obstruct the view, the summits of the Shawangunk (pronounced
Shonggum) Mts. may be seen trending away to the northward
and almost joining the blue outline of the distant Catskills. Just
at the upper entrance to the Highlands is Pollipel's Island, a rocky
bit of ground, to which a supernatural origin was ascribed by the
Indians. In 1777 a chevauz de frige, maile of logs with pointed
iron heads, was sunk between the island and the mainland to
prevent British ships from ascending the river ; but it seems to
have proved ineffectual. This island and the neighboring hills
have from time to time been searched for deposit.s of treasure
supposed to have been concealed by the almost mythical Captain
Kidd. The view down stream from above Breakneck Hill is one
of the finest on the river, including several of the grandest peaks
of the Highlands, with the noble river fiowing at their feet.
There are numerous hotels and boarding-houses at Cornwall,
offering good accommodations at very reasonable prices.
The New York, Ontario, and Western Railroad diverges from
the West Shore Railroad at Cornwall. Its trains move over the
West Shore R. R. track from New York to the union depot at
this point, but here diverge northwestward to Lake Ontario.
FISHKILL-ON HUDSON.
FisJikill, Dutchess Co., N. T., 60 m. fr. New York.
This landing is the port, so to term it, of Pishkill, five miles
inland. The Matteawan Creek falls into the Hudson at this
point. At Fishkill this stream furnishes water-power for several
mills and factories of large size. TJie situation of this town is
extremely romantic, being surrounded on all sides by high and
rocky hills, which are full of wild and picturesque ravines.
A short distance south of Fishkill Landing Station of the
N. Y. 0. & H. R. R. is the Hudson River terminus of the New
York and New England Railroad. The N. Y. & N. E. R. R.
runs east from Fishkill through Dutchess County, N. Y., Con¬
necticut, Massachusetts, to Boston. A large tract of land has
been reclaimed from the river at this point, upon which tracks
have been laid, making a thriving railroad center.
42
HUDSOK RIVER ROUTE.
Connection is made with the New York, Lake Erie and Western
ailroad at Newburgh, upon the opposite side of the river by
cans of mammoth transfer steamers, which have a capacity of
ansferring eigliteen (18) loaded ears at once. The completion
: this road in 1880 opened an important thoroughfare from
oston to the West, and particularly from the great manufactur-
ig centres of Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, to
le coal fields and oil regions of Pennsylvania. Tens of
lousands of car loads of coal have already been shipped direct
om the mines to the very doors of the manufactories, and at
rices com{x>ting favorably with the old way of shipping via
ew England seaports.
The completion of this line to the Hudson River has also pro-
ded a convenient and pleasant route from principal points in
ew England to the resorts in the Catskill Mountains, and many
•iirists to that region have availed themselves of it. The rail-
>ad i)asses through a picturesque country, which, in places, is
cceedingly romantic. Excursion tickets at very low rates are
1 sale at Boston and other principal stations on the line to New-
irgh, thence to New York via Hudson River Steamers, and
■turning via Norwich Line or vice versa. These are popular as
ley include much of the beautiful scenery of the Hudson.
Through passenger serviee has been established from Boston,
rovidence, Hartford, Waterbury, and Danbury to the west, in
innection with the Now York, Luke Erie & M'estem, and the
hiladelphia & Reading systems.
This, together with the Transfer Maryland Route, which is
popular line between Bostou and Philadelphia, Haltimore or
i'ashington, without change^f cars, and the successful opera-
on of the Norwich Line via Long Island Sound, between New
ork and Boston, is evidence of an enterprise out-bidding the
est sanguine hopes of its friends and promoters.
The road has met with many reverses, and has struggled hard
id long for an existence, and has finally attained such eminence
i to lank- among the greatest corporations of New England.
. is destined to be one of the great trunk lines from Boston,
rovidence, and other places in New England, to the coal-flelda
E Pennsylvania and the greal^ities of the west.
43
THE MODEL HOTEL OF THE HUDSON VALLEY
1
THE PALATINE,
NEWBURGH, N. Y.
HORATIO N. BAIN. N- BAIN & CO., Proppietors. francis n
NEWBURGH'S NEW HOTEL.
Lociitcil ciirncr (iraiiil iiiiil :>d Strai'ts, coininiiiiilinfi a pictiiri'-
view (if tlic Iludsciii liiviT, Xcwlmru;!! Jiay anil tlin sumiunilin!; iiinii
ains. A trip up tlic I'aiiiiuis Hiiilsiiii nn the Jlary Pnwcll, >tn|i|
over iiif^lit at tlic Palatine, on Ihe followiim: niorniiiif visitine YTi-
irifjton lleailcpiarters anil I lie ol her [ilaees of liistorie inlere.st. At if
take the day boat for Ponohkeepsie, jjo to the Net.sox Housk feiol
ner; in the afternoon visit Vassar ('olleoe and the ijroimds of the ^
Vork State Hospital, viewino the eelehrated Poiiotikeepsie Bridf^e: t
a drive uji the renowned Hyde Park road, returning the followingmi
iiig on the Mary Powell, making a two days' onting seldom eijuale
I HUDSON EIVER ROUTE.
NEWBURUH.
NeuAmrgh, Orange Co., N. T., 60 m.fr. New York. Pop. 23,087.
Hotel—Palat ine.
This is one of the largest and most tliriving cities on the Hud-
^son. It stands on an elevation on tlie west bank of the river,
commanding a noble view of the Higldands and of the Matteawan
Mountains. It is the eastern terminus of the Newburgh Branch
of the Erie Railway, which joins the main line at Greycourt,
nineteen miles west. This branch delivers over a million tons of
coal annually at Newburgh for reshipment. Newburgh is an
important station of the New York, West Shore, and Buffalo
Railway. The city rises from the river in a succession of ter¬
races, the first plateau being about 130 feet above the water, the
second 190 feet, and still further west it reaches an elevation of
300 feet above the Hudson. It has several charitable and educa¬
tional institutions, among which are the Newburgh Almshouse,
about two miles west of the center of the city, the Home for the
Friendless, on Montgomery Street, and the Theological Seminary
of the Associate Reformed (United Presbyterian) Church. This
seminary stands on a commanding height, overlooking the city
and river.' In this institution is a library of over 5,000 volumes,
some of which are very rare and valuable. The Public Schools
are excellent, and are attended by about 5,000 children. The
Public Library is a beautiful building in the central part of the
city, and contains about 10,000 volumes of well-selected books,
etc., controlled by the school officers of the city. Newburgh is
one of the handsomest cities on the Hudson, and is celebrated as
the residence of a wealthy and cultured class of people, some of
whom are famous for their literary productions. N. P. Willis,
J. T. Headley, and many other celebrities, had their country
seats in or near Newburgh.
A flagstaff, standing in the southern part of the town, may be
seen from the steamer. Near this is an old stone house now
owned and kept in order by the State, which was occupied by
Washington as his headquarters when the army lay at New Wind¬
sor, two miles south. This house contains many interesting relics
of the Revolutionary War. At the foot of the flagstaff before
mentioned, the last survi ving member of Washington's Life Guard
• U
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
was buried in 1856, and a monument, with an appropriate inscrip¬
tion, stands over his grave. A short distance south of Newbuigh
is the site of the American camp, where, during the winter of
1783, the troops suffered so severely from smallpox.
The Newburgh Institute, or Mr. Siglar's School, is an excellent
and well-established boarding-school for boys. The building is a
large stone structure, overlooking the city, and commanding s
view of some of the finest scenery of the Hudson. The school is
one of the best in New York State.
LOW POINT.
Fishkill, Dutchess Co., N. K, 64 m. fr. New York.
This is a small village on the east bank of the Hudson. Oppo¬
site, on the west bank, is a flat rock, now crowned with cetlars,
which Hendrick Hudson and his comrades named the Duyvels
Dans Kamer, in consequence of an Indian pow-wow which they
witnessed at night, with all its huleous accessories of fire and
war-paint. The rock is still known by this name.
NEW HAMBOBG,
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 66 m. fr. New York,
stands at the mouth of Wappinger's Creek, which falls into the
Hudson on the east side. This stream is crossed at its mouth by
a long trestle bridge, with a draw in the middle. Wappinger's
Falls is on WappingeFs Creek, 2 miles from New Hamburg
village. A ferry plies between New Hamburg and Hampton,
opposite. On the heights above the landing are charming views
of the Hudson and its surrounding scenery.
MARLBOROUGH,
Marlborough, Utster Co., N. Y., 66 m. fr. New York,
IS pleasantly situated on the west bank of the Hudson, overlook¬
ing the river and the country beyond. Back of the village are
the Shawangunk Mountains, and intervening is a hilly country
of great beauty. The West Shore R. R. runs along the river
bank through Marlborough Landing, a mile east of the village.
In this vicinity a beautiful grove of Arbor Vitae, or white cedar-
trees, will be noticed on the west bank above Marlborough,
where an entire hillside is covered with the delicate, pencil-like
45
FOUaHKEEPSlE. N. Y THE OITY OF SCHOOLS AND BEAOTIFOL RESIDENOEa
HUDSON KIVER KOUTE.
forms of this symmetrical and graceful tree, giving a very picf
turesque effect to the scenery of this region.
HILTON FERRY OR BARNEGAT.
Pouyhkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 71 m. fr. New York.
The village is a mile west of the river landing and the West
Shofe K. E. station. A part of it may be seen crowning the steep
bank which rises from the western shore of the river. Large quan¬
tities of berries and other fruits are raised in this vicinity for the
New; York market. Just before reaching Poughkeepsie, which
city may be seen on the bluff beyond, we pas.s Locust Grove, the
coUntry-seat of the late Prof. S. F. B. Morse. It can hardly be
necessary to remind any civilized being that Prof. Morse is the
inventor of the Morse alphabet, which made the electric telegraph,
of which he was also one of the original discoverers. The pro¬
fessor made other useful inventions, and had in his earlier lifeo
reputation as an artist. His fame, however, rests on the disCOT*
ery qf the electric telegraph and its handmaid the alphabet, and
for this he has received many testimonials from European sover¬
eigns, and from scientific associations ail over the world.
P0TJ6HKEEPSIE.
Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 75 m. fr. New York.
Hotel—Nelson House.
The city of Poughkeepsie is built on a table-land, at a considera¬
ble height, so that its spires and buildings may be seen from a
long distance up and down the river. The name is a corruption
of the Indian name given to the cove which once existed at the
mouth of Fall Kill. Two peculiar elevations will be noticed at
the river-side, the southern of which bears the name of "Call
Rock," from the fact that the inhabitants used to hail passing
vessels from its summit. The place was settled by the Dutch
about 1698, and incorporated as a city in 1854. The principal
object of interest to the antiquary is the Van Kleck house, a
stone structure with loop-holes in its walls. It was built in
1705. The. State Legislature met in it in 1777^ and 1778, when
the British held New York, and had burned their former meeting
place at Esopus. There also the State Convention for the ratifica¬
tion of the Federal Constitution met, in 1788. 57 members were
46
NELSON HOUSE,
POUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.
LARGEST AND BEST EQUIPPED HOTEL IN THE CITY.
CARRIAGES RUNNING DIRECT TO HOTEL,
always at tlie landing on arrival of boat, or street cars from landing
will take passengers within one block of Hotel.
HORATIO N. BAIISI, Proprietor
THE PALATINE, Ne^^urg, N. Y., the Model Hotel of the
Hudson Valley. 11. N. BAIN & CO., Proprietors.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
present, and after a long debate, in which such men as Govemol
Clinton, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton took part, the Con¬
stitution was ratified By a majority of three. Poughkeepsie is
the shire town of Dutchess County, and contains the usual court
and jail buildings. Its streets are beautifully shaded. The
Vassal' Female College is the largest and most important of the
many excellent educational institutions of Poughkeepsie. It was
founded and endowed by the late .Matthew Vassar, a wealthy citi¬
zen of Cough keepsie, and is intended for the education of women
only. A magnificent bridge nearly one mile in length spans the
Hudson at Poughkeepsie, connecting New England with the
great West by a continuous railroad line.
HIGHLAND.
JJoyd, Ulster Qo., K Y., 75 m. fr. New York.
Highland village, 1,500 inhabitants, is opposite Poughkeepsie,
and about a mile and a half west of Highland Station, on the West
Shore E. E. and the river. A good carriage road leads from the
landing to Highland Village and New Paltz, 9 miles west of the
Hudson. A ferry connects Highland with Poughkeepsie.
HYDE FAKE.
Hyde Park, Dutchess Co., N. V., 80 w. fr. New York.
Named in honor of Sir Edward Hyde, one of the early British
Governors of New York. The village is half a mile east of the
river-bank, on a beautiful and fertile table-land. The bend in
the river between rocky bluffs is known to river men as " Crom
Elbow," a combination of the original Dutch name and its Eng¬
lish equivalent. A creek of the same name falls into the river.
The point on the east shore is " De Vroos Point." A light iron
foot-bridge will be noticed cros.sing a deep cutting of the
Hudson Eiver Eailroad. The house beyond is that of Joseph
Boorman, first President of the Hudson Eiver Eailroad. Be¬
tween Hyde Park and Oak Hill. 30 miles above, there are many
extensive and ancient country-seats, some of them antedating
the Eevolution. The beauty of the country seems to have
attracted men of taste and wealth in those days to make their
homes along this fertUe bluff, and in many oases their descendants
still occupy the old mansions of their fathers—a state of things
47
VIEW IN THE GROUNDS OF EASTMAN PARK, FOUGHKEEPSIE, N. Y.
HTTDSON KIVEB EOUTE.
so I'are in America as to deserve especial notice. About a mile
above Hyde Park landings is '' Placentia," the former home of the
late James K. Paulding, one of the pioneers of American litera¬
ture, and the friend of Washington Irving. Opposite, on the
west bank, but scarcely in sight from the river, is the famous
apple farm of R. L. Pell, Esq. On this farm there are said to be
2.5,000 bearing apple-trees. The fruit of these trees is packed
with the greatest care, and much of it is shipped to Europe.
STAATSBVKG.
Ilyde Park, Dutchess Co., N. 85 m.fr. New Ym'k.
The banks of the river from this place northward lose the pre¬
cipitous character which has marked them thus far, and slope less
abruptly from the river. Two miles above Hyde Park " Esopus
island " will be noticed near the east bank. Just below, on the
west side of the river, is the residence of John Astor, Esq. Op¬
posite are two flue estates, the lower owned by Dr. Hussack, and
the upper by Mrs. M. Livingston. The village of Staatsburg is
on the east bank.
BHINEBECK.
BMnebeck, Dutchess Co., N. T., 90 m. fr. New York.
Not far above Staatsburg, on the east side of the river, is the
country-seat known as WQdercliff. It is by no means so elegant
as many of the neighboring estates; but to members of the
Methodist Church in America it is interesting as having been
built by Freeborn Garrettson, the eminent preacher, who married
a sister of Chancellor Livingston, and to whose energy is due
much of the prosperity of that branch of the Christian Church.
The place may be recognized by the broad lawn which lies in
front of the honse. Next above this place is Ellerslie, the resi¬
dence of Governor Levi P. Morton, long prominent in political life.
His estate contains about 600 acres, much of which is devoted to
gardens and ornamental grounds, and the rest is highly cultivated
as a farm. The quaint stone house on a hill near Rhinebeck
Landing is the Beekman House, built prior to 1700. It served as
a church and as a fort during early times, when the Indians were
hostile and powerful. The village of Rhinebeck is 2 miles from
the river, and cannot be seen from the steamer. Within the
48
The SIDEWALK APPROACH to and MARBLE WALL fronting EASTMAN PLACE, the Residanoe
of the Hon H. G. Eastman. Foughkeepsie. N. Y.
HUDSON RIVRR ROUTE.
limits of the town there is a vein of Rold-bearing quartz. The
western terminus of the Hartford & Connecticut Western Rail¬
road is at Rhine Cliff on the Hudson. This R. R. forms a direct
route between Connecticut and Rhode Island and the Catskill
Mountains, and points on the Hudson.
KINGSTON POINT.
Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y., 90 m. fr. New York.
This is one of the principal pointsof departure from the Hudson
River to the Catskill iMountain region. The 11 udson River day
line of steamers and others now land at this point, where direct
connection is made with the Ulster & Delaware R. R. for Rondout,
King.ston and all points in the Catskill Mountains reached by the
Ulster & Delaware, Stony Clove &Cat.skill Mountain, and Kaaters-
kill Railroads. Passengers by the Hud.son River Railroad for
these points leave the train at Rhinebeck, on the east shore of the
river, and cross to Rondout by steam ferryboat.
BONDOXTT.
Rondout Creek enters the Hudson from the westward. Its
mouth is the eastern end of the Delaware and Hudson Canal,
which joins the creek 2i miles above. This canal, finished in
1828, extends to the vicinity of the Pennsylvania coal-fields; and
every provision is made at Rondout for the transhipment of vast
quantities of coal. Rondout is now a part of the city of Kings¬
ton, with which it was incorporated in 1878. From it the Ulster
and Delaware R. R. runs in a northwesterly direction into the
Catskill Mountain regions. Hudson River R. R. passengers land
at Rhinebeck, and cross the river by steam ferry to Rondout,
thence by rail to the Catskills and Delaware County. The Wall-
kill Valley R. R., a branch of the West Shore R. R., runs south¬
west from Rondout to New Paltz, for lakes Slohonk and Minnewas-
ka, and connects with the New York. Ontario and Western R. R.
at Campbell Hall, and wiih the Erie Railway at Goshen, N. Y.
KINGSTON.
Kingston is one of the principal points of departure for
the Catskill region from the West Shore Railway, which
connects with the mountain railroads. Kingston was settled
in 1614, and was thrice desiroyed by Indians before a
49
LAKE MUUONK, ULSTEK COUNTY, N. Y.
HUDSON RIVKR ROUTE.
permanent footing was obtained by the Europeans. In 1T77 the
State Legislature met and formed a conslitution. In the autumn
of the same year, soon after the capture of Forts Montgomery
and Clinton by the British, General Vaughan, with 3,000 troops,
landed at Hondout, marched to Kingston (then Esopns), and
sacked and burned the town, remaining until he received the
news of Burgoyne's surrender, when he at once retired to New
York, abandoning all that he had gained. While Esopus (Kings¬
ton) was burning, the inhabitants fled to Hurley, a neighboring
village, where the small force of American troops tried and hung
a messenger who was caught carrying dispatches from Clinton to
Buigoyne. When first caught, this man swallowed a silver ball,
which an emetic brought again to light, and which was formd to
contain the fatal dispatch.
BABRYTOWN.
Red Hook, Dutchess County, N. Y., 96 m. fr. New York.
Formerly known as Lower Red Hook Landing. A little above
Rhinebeck is the residence of William B. Astor. It may be recog¬
nized by its tower and pointed roof. This estate is named " Boke-
by," and is one of the finest on the river. Next above is the estate
known as Montgomery Place, surpassing in beauty, if possible,
the last one mentioned. The house was built by the wife of
General Montgomery, who fell in the assault on Quebec in 1775.
Her brother, Edward Livingston, succeeded her in the ownership
of the place, and his family still occupies it. Near the eastern
shore, 2 miles above Barrytown, is Cruger's Island, a spot made
beautiful by nature and art. In a grove near the southern end
stands a ruin which was imported from Italy by the former pro¬
prietor of the island. Its broken arches may be seen among the
trees as the boat passes, forming a singular contrast with the mod¬
ern architecture of the neighboring house. The latter, however,
is not in sight from the boat at the same time with the ruin. A
glimpse of it may be caught in passing, a short distance above.
TIVOII.
Red Hook, Dutchess Co., N. Y, 100m.fr. New York.
This is a small village around the railway station. It is con¬
nected with Saugerties on the west bank of the river by a steam
«W
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
ferry. It is one of the stations at which passengers deport from
the railroad trains who desire to go to the famons Overlook
Mountain House—one of the finest mountain hotels in the Cats-
kills. Passengers from the steamers leave the boat at the Sanger-
ties landing, and go thence by stage 12 miles to the " Overlook."
Near the village is an old mansion, now owned by Col. De Peys-
ter, which was built before the Revolution by one of the Living¬
ston family. The British, on their way to bum Ciaremont, a
little above, in 1777, stopped here under the impression that this
was the house to be destroyed. The proprietor, however, aided
by his well-stocked wine-cellar, convinced them of their mistake,
and they left him unmolested.
SAU6ERTIES.
Saugerties, Ulster Co., N. Y., 101 m. fr. New York.
It is an important village of about 4,000 inhabitants, on the
New York, West Shore and Buffalo Railroad, on the west side of
the Hudson. The village is about 1 mile from the steamboat land¬
ing, with which it is connected by stages that meet all passenger
boats and trains. Saugerties is near the month of Esopns Creek,
which is navigable to the vilLage. There are extensive iron works
and paper mills at this place, and large quantities of flagging-
stone are quarried in the vicinity. The Bigelow Blue Stone.
Co. employ in their various quarries in Ulster County 3,500
men, and quarry 200,000 tons of stone annually. Plattekill
Clove," which lies back of this place, in the mountains, is a re¬
markably wild and ragged chasm, affording scenery of varied
grandeur and beauty. A road winds through this gorge up to the
Catskill Mountain House region beyond.
OERHANTOWN.
Oermantown, Columbia Co., N. Y., 105 m.fr. New York.
The view of the Catskill Mountains is here very fire. The en¬
tire range can be seen. Germantown is not directly upon the
river bank, and cannot be seen from the boat. The large white
building on a hill near the landing is the " Riverside Seminary,"
established by Philip Rockafellow. A few miles above German-
town is the mouth of " Roeleff Jansen Kill," where the original
Livingston Manor House stood. Robert R. Livingston, Chancel
51.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
lor ot New York, built an elegant honse, a little south of the old
one, where his mother continued to reside. Chancellor Living¬
ston's active sympathy with the cause of the Republic during the
Revolution made him so obnoxious to the British, that when Gen¬
eral Vaughan burned Esopus he sen'i an expedition up the river
to burn Claremont—the name^^f the Livings: on estate. They
burned both the houses, but new and more elegant ones were at
once erected near the ruins, and Claremont is still one of the fin¬
est country-seats on the river. Chancellor Livingston's name
will alway.s be associated with that of Robert Fulton. The ex¬
periments of Pulton would probably have been delayed for years
had it not been for the generous aid of Chancellor Livingston.
After a series of discouraging failures in Paris and New York,
their efforts were crowned with success, and in September, 1807,
the " Claremont" made her first trip from New York to Albany,
bearing Fulton, the Chancellor, and others.
CATSKILL.
OatskiU, Gri'ene Co., If. Y., 109 m.fr. New York. Pop. 4,000.
Hotei.s—ProHpeet Park llotd ; Irving Ilouse.
Catskill Landing is at the end of a long causeway, reaching
across thesh.allows, on the western shore. But little of the town
can be seen from tbe river. Cats Kill enters the Hudson near by,
winding through rocky bluffs, with a deep channel, which is nav¬
igable for large ves-sels a mile from its mouth. The Catskill
Mountain Railroad runs from Catskill to Palenville at the foot
of the mountains. Passengers for Mountain. Kaaterskill and
Laurel Houses take this railroad at the landing. The Otis Elevat¬
ing Railway conveys passengers from ths base to the top of the
mountain. The West Shore Kailway ci-osses CalskUl Creek on a
high bridge in the western part of the village. It also connects
with the Catskill Mountain railroad. The Prospect Park Hotel,
on the high bluff overlooking the river and village, is the leading
resort hotel of the town.
From Prospect Park Hotel the views of the mountains on either
side of the river are sublime, and the combination of mountain,
river, and intervale scenery is marvelously beautiful and charm¬
ing. The rapidly-passing commerce of the Hudson adds a pano-
• 52
SUNSET ROCK, CATSKILL MOUNTAINS.
hudsoit river route.
ramie effect, enlivening the scene and delighting the spectatoi-
with ever-varying views. The Pros{)ect Park Hotel opens about
the middle of June for the season.
The Irving House is a commodious first-class hotel situated in
the center of the business portion of the village of Oatskill. It
is quite near the dejKit of the Catskill Mountain Railroad, and
the landing place of the Catskill, New York and Athens Night
Line of Steamboats. It is but a half mile from the landing wharf
of the New York and Albany Day Line of Steamers, and the
ferry crossing the river to the Catskill station of the New York
Central and Hudson River Railroad. The depot of the New York,
West Shore, and Buffalo Railroad is about a mile from the hotel.
The Post Office and Telegraph Office are less than one block distant.
The house has been newly furnished and now has all the mod¬
em imprnvements of a first-class hotel. There is a good livery
eoniiected with the hotel. Parties visiting the Catskill Moun
tain region will find this hotel the central rendezvous and starting
point for the northern Catskill country. Full information respect¬
ing the surrounding country is freely given. • The hotel is well
adapted to parties who wish a few weeks' recreation. Goo<l.l oat-
ing and fishing can be had within two blocks of the house.
The hotel is kept open all the year. Attendants meet all boats
and cats'on their arrival, and an omnibus runs between the
house and the several depots and steamboat landings. There is
a long-distance telephone in the hotel office. Rates of board are
52.00 and upwards per day, and special rates by the week.
Hendrick Hudson anchored the '' Half Moon" at the mouth
of Cats KUl, on the 20th of September, 1609, and was
visited by large numbers of friendly Indians, who brought
provisions of all sorts, in return for which, as is stated
by Juet, the historian of Hudson's voyage, some of them were
made dmuk. Thomas Cole, one of the pioneers of American Land-
sca{>e Art, had his studio in this vicinity, where he could study
nature in her most beautiful forms. Here he painted the cele¬
brated allegorical series of pictures known as "The Voyage of
Life." Church, the great landscape painter, has a beautiful
country-seat on the summit on the east side of the Hudson,
opposite Catskill. It commands some of the sublimest river views
53
CVTSKILL MOUNTAIN HOUSE,
HUDSON RIVER ROUTK
THE CATSKILLS.
Th« Catskill mountains have probably been seen and admired,
if not visited, by more travelers than any other mountain group
on the American continent. The mountains of this region belong
to the great Appalachian range, which traverses the eastern por¬
tion of the United States from the States bordering on the Gulf
of Mexico to the basin of the St. Lawrence River. Approaching
witbin ten miles of a great natural highway, they have, since the
earliest days of the settlement of the country, commanded the at¬
tention of all voyagers on the Hudson River, and, since the enor¬
mous increase of travel induced by modern multiplication of rail¬
roads and steamboats, they are annually seen by millions and
visited by thousands. Moreover, they have been celebrated in song
and story, and one of the most popular and successful actors of our
time has made Irving's character of Rip Van Winkle, with the
mountain region where he lived and slept, familiar to the English
speaking world. The group of summits known under this name
Ues within the counties of Greene, Ulster, and Delaware, in New
York. They are a part of the great mountain system which fol¬
lows the Atlantic seaboard from the Arctic regions almost to the
Gulf of Mexico, and known at different parts of its course as the
White Mountains, the Green Mountains, the Blue Ridge, etc., etc.
In ascending the Hudson the first poiutof divergence for moun¬
tain travel ia Rondout (City of Kingston). The landing made by
the Day Line of Steamers is at Rhinebeck, on the east side of the
river, whence a steam ferry conveys passengers across the river
to Rondout. Here is the terminus of the Ulster & Delaware
Railroad, following up the valley of the Esopus which skirts and
penetrates the southern and western portion of the mountains.
The opening of this road rendered access to this portion of the
mountains so easy that numerous and excellent hotels have been
built in localities which the traveler could formerly reach only
by a long and tedious stage route.
The track rises by a steep gradient 184 feet above the river, and
almost immediately comes in sight of Overlook Mountain. In the
nine miles which are passed before reaching West Hurley, the train
climbs 530 feet above the river. Before reaching the station the
54
hudson biver route.
OVERLOOK FOUNTAIN HOUSE
may be seen perched upon the shoulder of the mountain, ant^seeoi'
ing much nearer than the railway will seem when viewed from
above. The profile of the range is exceedingly fine from this point
of view, and there are many who derive more enjoyment from
looking at a mountain range than in looking/row it. The stage
road tends in a northerly direction after leaving the station, learee
the outlying range with its three summits, '' Tonche Hook,'"
" Ticetenyck," and " Little Tonche " on the left, and soon begins
the long ascent of Overlook Mountain. The hotel stands on a
plateau 3,000 feet above tide water, and a little below the highest
point of the mountain, and commands views toward all points of
the compass, that toward the south embracing a large portion of
the Hudson Valley, and those in other directions commanding
mountain and vaUey scenery in great variety and picturesquenesa
BuUt in 1878, well furnished, and fitted with all the modern con
veniences, the Overlook has few rivals among mountain resorts.
The thermometer averages 15 to 20 degrees lower than in New
York. "Hay fever" and its attendant ills are never knowna^
this elevation. In Plattekill Clove, three miles north of the hotel,
is a succession of waterfalls, and in every direction there are charm¬
ing walks to many points of interest. The Overlook may be reached,
as we have seen, from Rondout hy the Ulster & Delaware Bail-
road. Kondout is reached from New York by the Albany Day-
line (see page 49), hy the steamers '' J. VV. Baldwin" and
City of Kingston, daily, at 4 p. m., daring the season, from the
foot of Harrison Street. By the "Mary Powell" at 3.20 p.m.,
from foot of Desbrosses Street, and by the " Ansonia," which
leaves for Saugerties Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays from
the foot of Franklin Street. At Saugerties private carriages may
be procured for the hotel. Rondout may be reached by rail via
Hudson River Railroad from New York, or via the West Shore
R, R. from Jersey City or New York.
Fiio-M West Hurley the railroad follows a westerly course
passing Brodhead's Bridge where there are fine falls on the
Esopus and an attractive view from the bluffs above the creek.
Shokan is picturesquely situated at a mountain gateway
through which the Esopus rushes in rapids, "High Point
55
HUDSON KIVEE KOUTE.
Mountain," 3,100 feet high, is seen to the southward. The valley
here takes a more northerly course, and on the west side of the
track is seen a group of fine summits. The northernmost is the
Wittenberg, and the next Mt. Cornell. The walk to the summit
of these peaks is a favorite one with mountain climbers.
A.t Boiceville the road reaches an elevation of 615 feet above
tide-water.
Mt. Pleasant, 24 miles from Kondout, and 700 feet above
the river, is the opening of the " Shandaken Valley," a mountain
depression full of the most enchanting natural scenery.
Phcenici-^, 27 miles from Rondout, and nearly 800 feet above
the Hudson, is a place of considerable resort, and the point of
departure for Hunter and Tannersville, through Stony Clove, a
remarkable ravine, where it is said snow and ice can be found
the year through.
THE TREMFEB HOUSE
is a famous hotel just at the entrance to Stony Clove. It is on
a terrace 300 feet broad and 1,500 long, and almost between Slide
Mountain and Hunter Mountain, two of the highest peaks in the
Catskills. The hotel will accommodate 250 guests, and has every
modem convenience, with pure water direct from a mountain
spring carried to every floor. A carriage road ascends to the
summit of Mt. Tremper, affording a superb view of Shandaken
Valley, the Lake Mohonk Gap, Wittenberg, Cross Mountain and
an assembly of mountains too many for enumeration here.
At Fox Hollow the elevation is 900 feet. Before reaching
the station a bridge is crossed at the entrance of Woodland Val¬
ley. On the northern side of the road are Mts. Sheridan and
North Dome.
Shandaken is 33 miles from the river, and 1,060 feet above it.
Here passengers for West Kill, Lexington, and Jewett Heights
leave the cars and take stages for their destinations.
Big Indian (38 miles) is 1,202 feet above the river. A bridge
here crosses the Esopus, from which a fine view is obtained up
Big Indian Valley. This station is nearest to Slide Moimtain, and
thence parties usually start for the ascent of that peak. Car¬
riages can go without especial difficulty within five miles of the
summit, and here parties sometimes remain overnight. Dutch-
• 56
fltTDSON ElVBR ROTJTB.
ers is tbe name of the place. The yiew from Slide Mountain it
one of the finest in the Catskills.
Pine Httt. 1,660 feet above the sea, is 39 miles from Bondout
H«lf a mile from Pine Hill station is the Guxoou House Aftei
passing over the grand Horseshoe curve the train reaches
Gband Hotel Station, 1,886 feet above the Hudson River al
Rondout, is the highest point on the Ulster and Delaware R. K.
THE NEW GRAND HOTEL,
magnificent and imposing, stands on Summit Mountain, about
one-eighth of a mile from the station, and 2,500 feet above the
level of the sea. It is in a remarkably picturesque and healthy
part of the mountains, and commands a view of marvelous beauty
and grandeur. Summit Mountain is in the center of a group
of peaks made celebrated by artists, writers and historic asso¬
ciations. Around it are the Panther Mountain, 4,000 feet high;
the Belle Air Table and Slide Mountain, 4,220 feet high, the
highest mountain in the Catskills, and whose crest pierces the
clouds. The hotel was opened in 1881, and is one of the largest
and finest hotels in the CatskiUs. It has a frontage of 650 feet,
with spacious piazzas along the front of the main buildings.
The house is elegantly furnished, and fitted up with all the mod¬
em conveniences of the best hotels of the world. Parlor cars run
on the West Shore Railroad direct to the Grand Hotel Station.
THE CATSKILI UODNTAIN HORSE
is reached by the Ulster & Delaware Railroad to Kaaterskill
station, thence by stage one mile. Or by the Catskill Mountain
Railway from Catskill to Otis Junction, thence up the mountain
by the Otis Elevating Railway to Catskill Mountain Station.
LAUREL HOUSE
is a spacious and excellent hotel, commanding magnificent views
down the famous Eaaterskill Clove. The hotel has recently been
greatly enlarged and improved by the introduction of modern
improvements, such as gaslight, electric bells, hot and cold
baths, etc. Six hundred feet of piazzas, commanding the
grandest views of mountain scenery, surround the house. The
famous Kaaterskill Falls and Clove, and many other of the
most charming attractions of the "Catskills" are near the
Laurel House. The great beauty of this locality is so well
67
HUDSON KIVXR ROUTE.
knowD, that a description is unnecessary. To the lovers of quiet, its
secluded walks afford delightful retreats; while the drives in the
vicinity—especially through the Cloves—are remarkably beautifuL
There is also good trout-flshing in the neighborhood. The Laurel
House is reached by stages and carriages from Mountain House sta¬
tion of the Catskill Mountain R. R. from CatskUl. Carriages and an
authorized agent are also in attendance at the cars and boats, Catskili
Pauenville is at the lower entrance of Kaaterskill Clove. K
is 10 miles by R.R. from Catskill village, 3 miles below the falls,
and has a number of excellent hotels and boarding houses.
Tankersvieee is 15 miles from Catskill Village, high up in the
KaalerskiU Clove, on the way to Hunter. It is surrounded on all
sides by towering summits and wild ravines. The Stony Clove
Railroad runs from Phoenicia to Tannersville Junction and Hunter
through the famous Stony Clove. A branch runs to
HOTEL KAATERSKILL.
This magnificent hotel, the finest mountain hotel in the world,
stands on the summit of Kaaterskill Mountain, 3,000 feet above
the sea, commanding the most extensive view of any hotel in the
Catskill Mountains. The view embraces 00 miles of the Hudson
River and Valley, High Peak and Round Top Mountains, Kaater¬
skill Clove, Sunset Rock, and many other noted and interesting
objects. The hotel w.-s fiist opened in 1 SSI, laving been con¬
structed on the most improved of modern designs, with large
elegant parlors, and suits of rooms for families and steam heat
and open fire grates for dining halls and parlors. Elevators run
to all the floors, while the rooms are supplied with gas, electric
bells and elegant beds and furnishings. The surrounding park
includes groves, lakes, lawn tennis and other play-grounds, with
every means of enjoyment, billiard rooms, bowling alleys and
telegraph offices are in the hotel. The mountain drives are
numerous and j)articularly charming. Hotel Kaaterskill is
reached by the New York Central R. R. and Hudson River boats
to Catskill, thence by Catskill Mountain R. R. and Otis Elevating
Railway to the summit of the mountains; or by the Ulster &
Delaware Raili'oad from Rondout, N. Y., on the Hudson River,
to Phoenicia and the Stony Clove Railroad to Tannersville Junc¬
tion, thence five mUes by Kaaterskill R. R. to Hotel Kaaterskill.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
Hunter is about 4 miles west of Tannersville, ani while it is
a Tillage of a somewhat more prominent character, possesses, in
the main, similar natural advantages. The Hunter House, Breeze
Lawn, and Central House may be mentioned as among the most
prominent abiding places for summer visitors.
Lexington is 9 mUes from Hunter, and 10 miles from railway
aonnections on the Ulster & Delaware Bailroad. The O'Hara
House and the Douglass House will be found comfortable stop'
ping places.
West Kill, 4 miles from Lexington, is near Deep Hollow
, Gorge, in some parts of which the sun never shines.
Cairo is 10 miles from Catskill, near Round Top Mountain,
and facing the Hudson Valley. Merritt's Grand View House and
the Webster House are among the principal hotels. The sur¬
roundings are highly picturesque and attractive.
Freehoi.D is a resort of considerable popularity. It is reached
by stage from Catskill or Athens, and commands a very fine view
of the mountain range. Black Head, 3,965 feet high, being the
nearest and most conspicuous.
Acra is on the road from Catskill northward. Mott's Sunside
Farm is one of the re-sorts of the vicinity.
East Windham is reached by a good road from CatskiU. La-
moreau's Summit House is the principal hotel. From here it Is
said that tne Adirondacks and White Mountains can at times be
seen.
Windham, a delightful village 33 miles from Catskill, is beau¬
tifully situated amid lovely mountain scenery. Reasonably good
roads lead in all directions. The Windham House is one mile
from the village.
Jewett Heights is a small village in full sight of the Catskill
range, and commanding a wide view of the Hudson. The Jewett
Heights House is available for boarders.
Prattsville on Schoharie Hill, with well-shaded streets and
the purest of mountain air. There is a daily line of stages from
Catskill and from Stratton's Falls on the Ulster & Delaware
Railroad. The village contains several excellent hotels and
boarding houses.
CASCADK IN PLATTF.KILL CLOVE.
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
HUDSON.
Hxiidmi, Columbia Co., N. F., 115 m.fr. Ifew York.
Hotels— Worth House.
The City of Hadson is the capital of Columbia County, and 00
cupies a site of great beauty, being built upon a promontory
jutting into the Hudson River, and commanding the most exten¬
sive and charming views in every direction. The city extends up
the slope of " Prospect Hill," which rises to a height of 200 feet.
The elevation just below Hudson landing is Mount Merino. It is
cultivated over almost its whole surface of COO acres. Hudson,
being at the head of ship navigat-on, was of great importance in
the early commerce of the river, and it rapidly grew to be a place
of considerable size and wealth. The "Claverack Creek," a ro¬
mantic stream, is a little east of Hudson, and running northward,
joins other streams, forming Colurabiaville Creek.
The Hudson & Chatham Railway, leased by the Boston &
Albany R.R. Co., has its western terminus here, and connects at
Chatham v^th the Boston & Albany and Harlem Railways.
ATHENS.
AUtms, Greene Co., N. Y., 11.5 to./r. Wew York.
This village, directly opposite Hudson, was originally fixed upon
as the eastern terminus of the Erie Canal, but the project was
abandoned. The inhabitants are largely engaged in sbip-build-
mg and brick-making. The West Shore Railroad runs tnrougn
West Athens, one mile west of Athens, with which it connects
by stage. A ferry connects Athens with Hudson. Below Athens
and Hudson, on the east side of the river, is Roger's Island, be¬
hind which the shipping of New York merchants was concealed
during the Rewjlutionary War. At that time the island was
densely wooded, and formed an effectual screen.
COLUMBIAVILLE.
Stockport, Cohimhia Co., N. F, 119 to. fr. New York.
On the west side of the river is a promontory, with a light
house tower, which old river pilots call "Chancy Tinker," but
which is now known as Four-mile Point. Directly opposite to
this is the mouth of Columbiaville Creek, on which, a short dis¬
tance from the river, are large flannel mills.
• t>U
CASCADE OF HIGH HOCKS,
HUDSON EIVER SOUTB.
COXSACKIE.
(hxsackie, Oreene Co., N. T., 123 m. fr. New York.
This village is on the west side of the river, and is a station of
the West Shore Baiiway. Its name is derived from an Indian
word signifying "cut banks." The chief occupations of the
inhabitants are ship-building, farming and fishing. The head¬
land nearly opposite is Newtown Hook.
STTJYVESANT.
Stuyvesanf, Columbia Co., N. Y., 125 m. fr. New York.
Formerly Kinderhook Landing. The village of Einderhook is
t miles inland. Ex-President Martin Van Buren lived there for
many years before his death.
NEW BALTIMORE.
New Baltimore, Albany Co., N. Y., 127 m. fr. New York.
The chief business of this place is ship-building. There are
several yards with complete sets of ways, etc. Schooners, sloops
and barges ore the craft which are built. The West Shore B. B.
runs through the village.
SCHODAC.
Schodac, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 132 m. fr. New York.
A small village on the east bank of the river. Hood farming
lands lie along the river, and the surrounding region is a pleasant
rolling country. The name is of Indian origin, signifying "a
meadow."
COEITMAN'S.
Ooeyman's, Albany Co., N. Y., 132 m. fr. New York.
This village is on the west bank of the river. Its name (pro-
aounced Que-mans) is that of one of its early settlers. The
range of mountains seen to the westward are the "Helderbergs."
Coeyman's is the j tinction of the Albany Branch with the main
line of the New York, West Shore & Buffalo Baiiway. The main
line diverges northwestward to central New York and Buffalo.
A little below Coeyman's, near the west shore, is a high rocky
island on which the boundaries of four counties meet, namely,
Albany, Greene, Columbia and Bensselaer. This island was
named by the Dutch "Beeren," or "Bear Island," and on its
summit once stood the "Castle" of "Bensselaerstein," from
whose wall Nicholas Kroon, the agent of Killian Van Bensselaer,
the Patroon, compelled passing vessels to dip their colors and pay
tribute, or take the chances of J;>eing sunk by the ordnance of the
61
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
tort. An amusing account of the whole difi&culty between Got-
emor Kieft of New Amsterdam, and the Patroon, is given ig
" Knickerbocker's History of New York."
CASTIETON.
Sehodae, RensidMr Co., N. T., 135 m.fr. New York.
A small and compact village, built upon a steep hillside on the
eastern bank of the river. The domes and spires of Albany, 9
miles distant, may be seen from this point.
Castleton Bar, formerly known as the '' Overslaugh," has always
been a serious impediment to navigation at this point. As early
as 1790 State appropriations were made for the purpose of im¬
proving 'he channel, but all efforts were unavailing until the
present system of dykes was commenced. A. Van Santvoord,
Esq., of Albany, President of the Day Line of New York and
Albany steamers, and other prominent citizens of Albany and
Troy, bad the subject brought before the State Legislature, and
work was begun in 1863. In 1863 the United States Government
assumed the work of completing the dykes, and they may now be
seen stretching for several miles along the river, effectually ac¬
complishing the purpose for which they were intended.
6BEENBUSH.
Oreenbush, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 144 m. fr. New York.
Is situated on the east side of the river opposite to Albany. Its
population is largely made up of employes on the great railway
lines which meet here from all parts of the Eastern States and
from New York. Along the river bank, both above and below
the village proper, handsome houses, and many pleasant-look¬
ing villas and cottages may be seen on the high bluff which rises
beyond the alluvial flats that border the river. Greenbush is a
translation of the old Dutch name, which was doubtless appro¬
priate in its day. During the French War, in 1755, Greenbush
was a military rendezvous, and again in 1812 the United States
Government established extensive barracks whence troops were
forwarded to the Canadian frontier.
62
HOTEL KENMORE
THE LEADING HOTEL
OF ALBANY, N. Y.
STRICXIwY KIRSX-CLvASS.
XHOROTJGHLY MODERN,
Location unsurpassed, on ['rinci])iil TMioroughffire,
convenient to State Capitol, otlier pnlilic building.s find
plficcs of interest.
Special attention given to Tourists. Free Oniuibuses
at all Trains find Boats.
F.. W. ROCKWELL, H. J. ROCKWELL,
Manager. Proprietor.
HUDSON EIVER ROUTE.
ALBAISTY,
Albany Co., N. T., 145 miles from New York. Population, 100,001)
ITotels : Kenmore and Stanwix Hall.
Albany, the capital of the State of New York, stands on the west
bank of the Hudson River, about ten miles south of the mouth of the
Mohawk River, near the middle of the eastern border of Albany
County, in tlie midst of a fertile and well-cultivated region of coantn
It is about one and a half miles wide and extends about fonrtcca
miles northwesterly to the northern boundary of the county.
The steamboats discharge their passengers at the wharves near the
center of the business part of the city and the two railway stations.
The New York Central and Hudson River Railroad and the Boston
and Albany Railroad use the Union Railway Station on Maiden Lane,
just east of Broadway, aud the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s
Railroad and the West Shore Railroad occupy a separate station just
east and close to the Union Station, and between it and the river. In
the Union Station is an excellent dining-room and lunch counter, and
all trains stop here a sufiBcient time for passengers to obtain lunch.
Omnibuses at the stations await passengers and convey them witfaont
charge to the principal hotels.
After Jamestown, Va., and St. Augustine, Fla., Albany is the
oldest town in the Union, having been founded by the Dutch in
1633. Before incorporation, Albany was known under the names of
" Beverwyck," " William Stadt," and " New Orange." In 1664
the English captured the settlement and changed its name to
Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany. The seat of
the State government, originally fixed at New York city, was re¬
moved to this place in 1797. Prior to 1633 Henry Corstaensen,
under a grant of the United Netherlands Company, erected a stock¬
aded trading-house on the island south of Albany, but it was carried
away by the freshet in the spring of 1617, and a new fort was
erected on the hill near Normanskill. The early growth of the city
was exceedingly slow. In 1714, when a century old, it contained
only 3,329 inhabitants, nearly 500 of whom were slaves. The Conti¬
nental Congress of 1754 met here to discuss the proposal of the Fed¬
eral Union. Steam navigation originated by Pulton on the Hudson
in 1807. The first steamboat began running here in 1811. The
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
»mpletioii of the Erie Canal in 1825 gave an impulse to the city's
jrowth, and in less than half a century it added more than 50,000 to
ts population.
The whole city, comprised within the limits of Pearl, Steuben, and
Beaver Streets in 1676, was surrounded by wooden walls, with open¬
ings for musketry. There were six gates to the city, and the main¬
tenance of these fragile defenses was the source of unceasing conten¬
tion between the authorities and the inhabitants. A portion of these
walls were remaining so late as 1812. They were thirteen feet in
height, and made of timber about a foot square. The city has many
handsome avenues, and the walks and drives about it are beautiful.
A walk of half a mile from the city brings to view the verdure-clad
mountains of Vermont and the towering Catskills.
The first railroad in the State of New York, and the second in the
United States, was opened from Albany to Schenectady in 1831.
The commerc- of Albany is considerable. Besides the great natural
means of communication which the river affords, in Day Line and
People's Line of steamers, the city is connected with New York by
three lines of railroad, the Hudson River, the Harlem, and the West
Shore. The New York Central and West Shore Railroads and the
Erie Canal connect it with the Great Lakes. It communicates with
Northern New York, Vermont, and Canada by the Delaware and
Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad, and by the way of Troy by the Pitch-
burg Railway, and by the Champlain Canal. By the Boston and
Albany Railway it communicates with the New England States, and
by the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R.R. with Binghamton, on
the Erie Railway, and the coal regions of Pennsylvania.
The two railroad drawbridges across the Hudson River were built
by the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company, and
are each over 4,000 feet in length. The one at the northern part of
the city is now used entirely for freight trains, and the magnificent
new iron bridge at the central part of the city, at the west end of
which is the passenger depot for the city of Albany, and at the east
end the station for East Albany, is used for passenger trains. This
bridge cost nearly $2,000,000. The southernmost of the three great
bridges across the Hudson is used for carriages and foot passengers.
It was built and is maintained by the two counties of Albany and
Rensselaer, which it connects.
HUDSON BIVEE ROUTE.
Albany's manufactures are extensive and varied. Its numeroui
stove foundries and breweries are on an immense scale. One hundred
thousand barrels of ale are made annually at one brewery. Th
workshops of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, >|
West Albany, give employment to more thap 3,000 persons. More
than 2,000,000 bushels of barley per annum are consumed by the
brewers and maltsters. Albany is also one of the leading cattle
marts of the country. The markets at Bull's Head, in New York,
and at Brighton, near Boston, receive many of their supplies from
here. An immense lumber business is carried on here. The great
lumber yards are in the north part of the city, on the west bank
of the river, and at the junction of the canal and river.
The State buildings include the new Capitol, a magnificent stmct-
ure at the head of State Street, State Hall, State Library, Geological
and Agricultural Hall, Normal School, and State Arsenal and Armorj.
The City Hall is an elegant structure situated on Eagle Street,
between Pine Street and Maiden Lane. It is faced with Sing Sing
marble, and is celebrated as the most beautiful municipal building on
this continent. The original charter of the city, granted by Governor
Douglass, is kept here, and the portraits of all the governors of the
State of New York adorn the walls of this magnificent edifice. The
new Post-Office is located on Broadway, at the foot of State Street,
and in architectural beauty is one of the finest post-offices in the
State. The Convent of the Sacred Heart is the magnificent brick
building on the west bank of the Hudson just south of Albany.
The Educational Institutions are the State Normal College, estab¬
lished in 1844, the Albany Academy, Albany Female Academy, Albany
Female Seminary, Albany Institute, St. Agnes' School, and others.
The public schools afford instruction to 25,000 children of both sexes,
and are conducted at an annual expense of $100,000. The Young
Men's Christian Association is the oldest institution of the'kind in
the United States. The Dudley Observatory, on an eminence in the
western part of the city, was incorporated April 2, 1852; it was
founded through the munificence of Mrs. Blandiua Dudley, who
gave $90,000 for its constmction and endowment, in commemoration
of her husband, Mr. Charles Dudley. The building is admirably
arranged, and is furnished ■with some of the largest and finest instru¬
ments ever constructed. It has an extensive library attached.
65
DAILY AND SEMI-WEEKLY,
Cor. BROADWAY and BEAVER ST., ALBANY, N. Y.
The Cheapest and Most Widely-Circulated Democratic Newspaper in the
United States.
PRICES.
Daily, $6, Daily, with Sanday Edition, $7.50. Semi-Weekly, $1.
Sunday Edition, $1.50.
Payments always in Advance,
The Arj,Mi8 Company are fully prepared to do all kiuds of
Book and Job Printing, Bookbinding, and Electrotyping,
IN THE BEST MANNER AND AT THE LOWEST RATES.
All corrcsyiotidenco should be addressed to
THE AROUS COMPANY,
9nn flllfl Press-Kniclieiliocliei, $3vw
aUU^UUU The SUNDHY PRESS $2.gS
People live in the territory in which the
Press-Knickerbocker circulates daily.
THE TABLE IS AS SIMPLE
AS
A. B. C.
I'OPCtATIOII.
Albany City 102.0(10
Albany County, outside of City 65,000
Grcenbush, Bath and East Albany, on Hudson River
opposite Albany 20,000
Other neighboring villages, outside Albany County 13,000
Total 200,000
Nearly one-tenth the entire population of this great territory are
subscribers to the
DAILY PRESS-KNICKERBOCKER
.^AND SUNDAY PRESS
These enterprising and progressive papers are the admiration of
the people of Albany and vicinity.
They are carefully edited, reliable and influential journals.
In this territory the name of the
PRESS-KNICKERBOCKER
IS A
HOUSEHOLD WORD.
The value of such mediums to advertisers is well understood.
Rates and sample copies on application.
THE PRESS COMPANY, Proprietors.
Press Buildings, i8 and 20 Beaver Street, ALBANY, N, V.
MYRON H. ROOKER, Editor.
JNO. A. MCCARTHY, Publisher,
j HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
I The Albany Medical College is on Eagle Street, and the Law
'5hool of the University of Albany is on State Street. The St. Vin-
nt Orphan Asylum, on Elm Street, was incorporated in 1849, and
under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy. The male department,
fo miles west of the Capitol, is under the charge of the Christian
rothers.
The first church (Ref. Prot. D.) was formed in 1640. A Lutheran
lurch existed in 1680. The first Protestant Episcopal church (St.
feter's) was erected in 1715; it stood in the center of State Street,
jposite Chapel Street. The communion plate of this church was
resented to the Onondagas by Queen Anne. The most costly edi-
seg are the Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception, on Ea-
le Street, between Madison Avenue and Jefferson Street, and the St.
pseph's (R. C.) Church, on Ten Broeck Street, at First and Second.
, Water is supplied to the city partly from the Hudson River,
irough the pumping station on Quackenbush Street, and partly
om Rensselaer Lake, about five miles west of the City Hall, and
IJ5 feet above the level of the water of the Hudson.
Washington Park is about half a mile west of the Capitol, and is
pched by the State Street line of horse cars and by the Hamilton
Itreet line, which runs along Madison Avenue on the border of the
ark. It is a beautiful pleasure-ground of nearly one hundred acres,
tith thiee miles of driveways and six miles of walks, and a lake
oout 1,600 feet long. It is artistically planned, and adorned with
4any noble trees and myriads of beautiful floweie and plants, and
one of the most beautiful parks of America.
The Delavan House, which formerly stood on Broadway, adjoining
le New York Central & Hudson River R. R. Depot, was burned in
ecember, 1894, just before the assembling of the State legislature.
) is proposed to rebuild this famous hostelry on the same convenient
te at an early day.
The Hotel Kenmore, on North Pearl Street, is a new house, kept
y H. J. Rockwell. It is two blocks from the N. Y. Central R. R.
)epot, and a short distance from the steamboats and the Capitol,
nd other public buildings, the parks, etc. It is fitted up in mod-
irn style, with elevator, hot and cold running water, and steam
leaters, and lighted throughout by electricity; telephone in each
com connected with the office. IJ is strictly first-class in all respects.
66
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
THE STATE CAPITOL.
Albany was made the capital city of the State of New York, and
the Legislature first convened here in 1797. The first State Capild
was completed in 1808, on a site just in front of the present structure
at the head of State Street. In 1863 the Legislature determined to
build a new and larger Capitol, and appropriated 1500,000 towajd
the object. In 1869 the foundations were laid, on plans by Thomas
Puller, for a building to cost about $4,000,000. The foundatioi
walls are four feet in thickness, and rest on a bed of concrete fifteen
feet below the surface, and inclose a sub-basement containing lit
different apartments. The corner-stone was laid with Masonic cere¬
monies on June 24, 1871. The building has been gradually con¬
structing under the supervision of various commissions, superin¬
tendents, and architects since that date. The new Capitol was so
far completed by 1879 that the Legislature first convened in it on
January 7, 1879, when a brilliant opening reception was held, at
which the city of Albany entertained upwards of 8,000 guests. Tie
Senate Chamber was not finished and occupied until March 10,
1881. The site of this magnificent building is the central height of
the city, which was formerly crowned with a castle or fort, in colonial
times. The park is 155 feet above the Hudson Kiver, and covers
7f acres. The structure is 300 feet in width from north to south,
and 400 feet east and west, and with its porticoes will cover a little
more than three acres. The walls are 108 feet high, and built of
handsome granite brought mostly from Hallowell, Maine. The
building is constructed around a central square court, and in archi¬
tectural design is a modified style of Italian Renaissance. It knot
yet wholly completed, but its front is to be modified by the extensioo
of a great gable, covering a large portico which is to contain a grand
staircase and the main entrance. The center is to be surmounted
by a lofty tower, capped with dome and pinnacles, brought into
structural harmony with the Other parts of the edifice.
The Governor's Room is in the southeast corner of the second story,
and is reached by the south side corridor. The Executive Chamber
itself is 60 by 40 feet in dimensions, and is wainscoted with mahog¬
any to the height of about fifteen feet. Above the wainscoting are
Spanish leather hangings, and the ceiling is paneled in dark wo^.
The Senate Chamber is on the south side of the Capitol and is
66a
... . HUDSbN BIVEB BOUTE.
approached by the magnificent Senate Staii-case, from the ground
floor, just east 6t the south side entrance. This staircase is of mass¬
ive gray sandstone,- arranged in arches -whose pillars and edges are
elaborately carved and ornamented. It leads to the Senate Chamber
through an ornate passageway called the Corridor of Columns.
The Senate Chamber is very beautiful. Its wall between the win¬
dows is of Tennessee marble, and above the windows the broad space
is paneled with Mexican onyx. Above the paneling is a string¬
course of carved marble. Surmounting all this is a broad golden
frieze consbting of a surface of gilded lead, beaten into an arabesque
ornament and low relief that is exceedingly effective. The ceiling is
paneled with oak elaborately decorated. On each side of the entrance
door are grand fireplaces, and the chamber is lighted with heavy
ornate chandeliers, which are notable features in the magnificent
design of this palatial hall.
The Assembly Chamber is on the north side of the building, on the
same floor. Its dimensions are 84 by 140 feet, including the gallery
space, its style of decoration is different from that of the Senate
Chamber, but it strikingly affects one with the sense of its grandeur.
The walls of the Assembly Chamber are decorated with great alle¬
gorical pictures by Mr. William M. Hunt. They represent the
" Flight of Night," and " The Discoverer."
The third floor of the Capitol is occupied over the Executive
Chamber by the Court of Appeals, the highest of the State courts.
The State Library occupies extensive rooms at the west end of the
buil^ng. It contains over 150,000 volumes and many valuable
manuscripts. The fourth, or gallery floor, which gives access to the
public galleries of the Senate, Assembly, and court chambers, con-
tains the rooms of the government departments. One of its corri¬
dors, at the west end of the south side, is devoted to a museum of
military relics and records. There are relics of the Revolutionary
War and the War of 1812. The battle-flags of the various State
regiments are gathered here and placed among the interesting
trophies; the clothes worn by Colonel Ellsworth when he was
shot down at AJexandria; and the rebel flag he took from the
Marshall House, which attack caused his untimely death. The Cap¬
itol has already cost nearly $20,000,000, and is easily the finest and
most costly State Capitol in the United States.
66b
The Springfield Republican.
Daily, $8.00; Sunday, $2.00; Weekly, $ 1 .OO.
THE LEADING NEW ENGLAND NEWSPAPER.
ESTABLISHED IN 1824 BY SAMUEL BOWLES.
A SUPERIOR ADVERTISING MEDIUM.
Largest Morning Circutation in New England out of Boston.
The REPUBLICAN, Springfield, Mass.
HUDSON EIVER EOUTE.
DELAWAEE & HUDSOE" RAILROAD.
SARATOGA DIVISION.
Albany to Rouse's Point, 208 miles. Albany to Rutland, via Saror
toga Springs, 101 miles. SeJieneetady to Rutland, 85 miles. Troy
to Rutland, via Eagle Bridge, 85 miles.
The Rensselaer and Saratoga Department of the Delaware and
Hudson Railroad now embraces the original Rensselaer and Sara¬
toga Railroad, extending from Troy to Ballston, 25 miles ; the Sara¬
toga and Schenectady Railroad, from Schenectady to Saratoga, 22
miles ; the Albany and Vermont Railroad, from Albany to Albany
Junction, 12 miles ; the Saratoga and Whitehall, and the Rutland and
Whitehall Railroads, from Saratoga to Castleton, 54 miles ; and the
Troy, Salem, and Rutland Railroad, from Eagle Bridge to Rutland,
62 miles; and the Adirondack Railroad running from Saratoga
Springs to North Creek and the Adirondacks. It will be seen, by ref¬
erence to the map, that these associated roads form portions of the
great direct through routes from New York to Montreal by the way
of the valleys of the Hudson River and Lake Champlain. This route
also forms the avenue to the popular watering-places of Ballston, Sa¬
ratoga, and Lake George, and is the great thoroughfare of summer
pleasure travel. In going north from Albany and Troy the road
affords two routes,—one by way of Saratoga Springs, and one by way
of Eagle Bridge; and passengers wishing to go to Rutland, or, all the
way by rail, to Burlington, can take either route to suit their conve¬
nience or choice ; but travelers for Lake George, Whitehall, Ticon-
deroga, Plattsburg, Adirondacks, and Lake Champlain, should go
via Saratoga Springs.
For Lake George, passengers on most trains change cars at Fort
Edward, and pass through Glen's Falls by rail to Lake George, from
whence steamers run down the lake to Baldwin, and connect by a
branch R. R. of four miles with the Lake Champlain steamers and the
Champlain Division of the R. R. at Fort Ticonderoga; or take the
cars to Port Ticonderoga and thence to Baldwin, whence the Lake
• 67
EtTDSON RIVER ROUTE.
George steamers convey passengers to Ballston and to Fort WiUiam
Henry Hotel, Lake House, Caldwell, and the various landings on
Lake George.
Travelers not wishing to go via Lake George can make the connec¬
tion direct with the Lake Champlain steamers at Fort Ticonden^
and avoid the changes at Caldwell and Baldwin.
For Montreal, passengers go direct from Albany to Whitehall, and
over the railroad on the west side of Lake Champlain, via Plattsbuig,
Rouse's Point. St. John's, Victoria Bridge, to Montreal withont
change of cars.
By continuing through to Rutland, the route to Burlington, St
Albans, and Montreal is made all the way by rail, with a change of
cars at Rutland.
Connections.
At Albany the Delaware and Hudson Railroad connects with the
various lines of Hudson River steamers, and with the New York
Central and Hudson River Railway and West Shore R. R. for New
York ; with the Boston and Albany Railway for Boston; with the
New York Central Railway and West Shore R. R. for Niagara Falls,
Buffalo, and the West.
The Delaware and Hudson Railroad runs through Albany to
Sharon Springs, Cooperstown ; Oneonta to Binghamton, where it
connects with the Erie Railway, and south to Scranton and Phila¬
delphia.
At Troy connections are made with steamers on the Hudson River,
with the New York Central and Hudson River Railways, and the
Troy and Boston Railway.
At Mechanicville connection is made with the Boston and Hoosac
Tunnel Railway for Boston, or west to Schenectady.
At Schenectady, the Schenectady Branch from Saratoga and Ball¬
ston connects with the New York Central Railway for the West.
At Voorheesville with the West Shore R. R. for Niagara Falls,
Buffalo, and the West.
At Saratoga Springs the Adirondack Division of the D. and H. C.
Co.'s Railroad connects for Tjuzeme, Thurman, North Creek, and the
Adirondack Mts. Region.
At Fort Edward the Lake George Branch of the D. & H. C. Co.'s
68
HUDSON KIVER ROUTE.
Itl
. R. forms a part of the Lake George route above mentioned,—route
""uch patronized in the season of summer travel.
At Whitehall direct connection is made with the Champlain Divi-
^on of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. for Fort Ticonde-
"Sga, where passengers can take the Lake Champlain steamers, or pur-
le the route to Montreal by rail. No change of cars is required
^tween Albany and Montreal, and this forms the shortest and most
'Srect route from New York to Montreal.
At Rutland both branches of this road intersect the Central Ver-
lont Railroad for Burlington and all points north, and for Bellows
^'alls and the White Mountains and points east. The Harlem
>4stension R. R. also connects at this point—running south to Man-
hester, Bennington, and Troy.
These numerous connections give to the Delaware and Hudson Canal
lo.'s R. R. the character of a great trunk route, and make it perhaps
S'he most important of the Northern routes. Having connections
Sivith steamer lines, both north and south, it derives therefrom
limportant advantages both for freight and passenger traffic not pos¬
sessed by any other route between New York and Montreal.
ALBANY BUBAL CEMETEBY.
^ Walervliet, Albany Co., N. T., 148 to. fr. New York.
^ One of the most beautiful rural cemeteries in the country, abound-
,,ng in romantic dells, shaded ravines, cascades, miniature lakes, rus-
'tic bridges over forest streams, etc. It is a place of rare picturesque
beauty.
WEST TBOY.
* Waiervliet, Albany Co., N. Y., 150 m. fr. New York.
This large place has important manufactories of woolen goods,
l)ells, carriages, and various other articles. An extensive United
States arsenal, consisting of more than thirty buildings of brick and
■stone, is located here. Its grounds occupy about one hundred acres.
'It is the principal government manufactory of gun-carriages,
'machinery, equipments, ammunition, and military supplies.
COHOES.
Walervliet, Albany Co., N. Y., 153 to. fr. New York.
An important manufacturing city on the Mohawk River. An
■ extensive dam creates an immense w»ter-power here, comprising the
HUDSON KIVER ilODTE.
whole body of the Mohawk Eiver, with a total descent of 103 feet
The railroad bridge across the Mohawk is 900 feet in length, and is
in full view of the Cohoes Falls, about three-fourths of a mile above.
The river here flows over a rocky declivity 78 feet in height, of
which 40 feet is a perpendicular fall. The main fall is 900 feet
wide, and the banks above and below are wild and precipitous. The
Erie Canal rises by a series of 18 locks from the Hudson River,
through the village of Cohoes, to the northerly part of the town of
Watervliet, three miles above, at which point it crosses the river ig
a stone aqueduct, 1,137 feet long, 26 feet high, and resting on 26
piers. The products of the knitting and cotton mills, axe and edge
tool, and other factories, amount to over f:2,000,('00 per annnm. In
recent excavations made in the rocky bank of the Mohawk for the
foundation of a new mill, the fossil remains of a gigantic mastodon
were discovered. The Harmony Mills Co., of Cohoes, have liberally
donated this interesting relic of the earth's ancient history to the
State collection at Albany. It is considered as the most perfect
skeleton of the mastodon ever discovered.
WATERFORD.
Waterford, Saratoga Co., N. F., 154 m. fr. New York Hotel, Mor¬
gan House.
This township was formed from that of Half Moon in 1816. It
occupies the angle formed by the confluence of the Hudson and
Mohawk rivers, the village itself being near the point where the two
unite. An almost perpendicular range of slate cliffs extends along
the Mohawk for some distance from its mouth. Falls in both rivers
furnish an excellent water-power.
The Hudson River was bridged at this point in 1804. The originsl
bridge, however, was removed in 1812, and the present stmctitie
erected ifi its place.
ALBANY JUNCTION.
. Waterford, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 155 m. fr. New York.
At this place the Albany division unites with the main road from
Troy. The railroad now runs along between the Champlain Canal
and the Hudson River, on an interval about half a mile in width, for
several miles.
70
The Heart of the Berkshire Hills.
THE MAPLBWOOD,
PITTSFIELD, Berkshire Co., Mass.
The larirest Hotel In the Berkshire Hills, and the only one surrounded by
beautiful grounds. Within easy driving distance of all other resorts, as It Is
the center of this famous region.
OPEN PROM JUNE ist TO NOVEMBER ist.
ARTHUR W. PLUMB, PROPRTI:TOB..miMK
THE - 5™ - AVENUE
TROY, N. v.
A. P. CROWLEY, Proprietor.^^
Rates $2.00 and $2.50 Per Day.
ONE EI-OCIC ER07WT \_fNION DEF»OT.
HOTEL OF TROY.
r. RIDLEH CANDIES.
PURE—WHOLESOME—DELICIOUS.
SOLD EVERYWHERE.
OBSERVE our Address, Chambers and Hudson
Streets, New York, on all packages and boxes.
•
THE TROY TIMES.
DAI LY TIMES, SEMI-WEEKLY TIMES,
90,000 READERS,
$6 per Year.
(25,000 READERS,
$1 per Year.
The
Trot Times is
the only Daily of note
published north of Albany '
to Montreal, east to Springfield,
Mass., and west to Utica. Best adver¬
tising medium in the interior. Kates from '
12^^ to 40 cts. per line,each insertion. Special^
rates to Summer Kesorts and Educational Insti¬
tutions. The Weekly Timer at one dollar
pe ' year, sent postage free. Corre¬
spondence from London, New
York, Boston Washington,
and two hundred local
correspondents
Bast Advertising Medium. \^dr^ortere^ News, Gossip, Fashioiis,
Beading Matter on ^ Correspondence,
every Page.
Markets.
J. M. FRANCIS & SON, Publishers, Troy, New York.
'f
t\
HUBSOK RIVEK ROUTE.
TROT.
Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 150 m.fr. New York. Pop., 60,956
Hotels : Troy House, American, 5th Avenue, and Mansion.
rhe capital of Rensselaer County is situated at the head of navi-
tiou on the Hudson River, and famous for its manufactures,
it is principally located upon an alluvial flat, three-fourths of a
le wide, between the Hudson River and the high bluffs which
and it on the east. The bluff directly east of the city is known as
)unt Ida, and that on the northeast as Mount Olympus. Mount
i is principally composed of clay, and has been the scene of several
structive landslides.
Poesten Kill and Wynant's Kill, breaking through these hills in
rrow ravines, form a series of cascades which afford an excellent
iter-power. The city charter was granted April 12,1816. • A terri-
} fire in 1862 destroyed forty acres of its dwellings. The total
operty destroyed amounted to more than $3,000,000, one half of
fiich was covered by insurance.
The city contains a very handsome court-house of Sing-Sing marble,
fde and well-paved streets, planted with shade-trees, extensive
iter-works, gas-works, and other improvements usual in a prosper-
s modem city. The Troy water works were built by the city in
83-1834, and have since been extended. The water is drawn from
e Piscawin Creek, and the reservoir is suflSciently high to raise it to
e tops of most of the houses.
There are twenty-two factories operated by water-power, a part of
lich is afforded by a dam thrown across the Hudson, which also rend-
s the river above navigable for canal-boats. Numerous iron-foun-
ies and machine-shops afford employment to large numbers of the
habitants. So.me of these are of great magnitude, and in the aggre-
ite employ 3,000 men. The establishment of Messrs. Winslow,
riswold, & Holly, where the Bessemer cast-steel is manufactured, is
le largest of the kind in the United States.
I The famous original " Monitor " was constructed by these gentle
•len ; they also had a contract subsequently to build six otner iron
ad vessels. The Troy horseshoe, railroad-spike, and nail manufac-
»ry is one of the largest in the State. The manufacture of cotton
' 71 •
HUDSON BIVEB BOUTB.
and woolen goods is also conducted on a large scale. The railwaj.
car manufactory here is the largest in the State. Paper, hosiery, cm-
riages, clothing, shirts, collars, mathematical instruments, etc., ate
largely manufactured. Breweries, distilleries, flour and grist-mills,
are many in number.
The educational institutions, besides the public schools, are the
Troy Academy, incorporated in 1834 ; the Troy Female Seminarj,
first established at Middlebury, Vt., in 1813. removed to Waterford ia
1819, and thence to this place in 1831, incorporated in 1887. Thfe
institution gained a national reputation under the charge of Uts.
Emma Willard. Upwards of 7,000 pupils have been educated here.
The Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, organized in 1824, was endowed
by Stephen Van Rensselaer. It was formed for the purpose of teach¬
ing the application of mathematics to civil engineering and the natn-
ral sciences. Next to West Point this institute has the best reputatioo
in its special departments of any school in America. The Troj
Lyceum of Natural History was incorporated in 1820. St. Peters
College is built on Mount St. Vincent. The college building, in
process of erection, was destroyed by a landslide in 1859; has
since been rebuilt. St. Joseph's Academy was founded in 1842.
The charitable institutions are many. The Troy Hospital, in the
care of the Sisters of Charity, was incorporated in 1851. The Marshall
Infirmary, incorporated in 1851, was built at an expense of |35,000.
which was donated by Benj. Marshall, Esq. The Troy Orphan
Asylum, incorporated in 1835, situated on Grand Division Street, is
built of brick, and supported by private donations and State appro¬
priations. Children between three and nine years are received, and
dismissed at ten, when suitable situations can be obtained. St.
Mary's Orphan Asylum, connected with St. Mary's Church (R. C.),
is under the care of the Christian Brothers and Sisters of Charity-
The Warren Free Institute, a school for indigent female children,
was incorporated in 1846- It was endowed by the Warren family-
A free church for the pupils and their parents is connected with the
Institute.
Troy tieing at the head of tidal waters, steamers run to it daily.
Besides the Hudson River, the Erie Canal, and the Champlain, giving
water communication of vast extent, railroads connect the city witB
every part of the country. The Union Railway Depot is used for tto
72
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
^rint accommodation of the great railroaids that center here, viz : the
tfew York Central and Hudson River (uniting at Schenectady with
"tie other branch from Albany), the Delaware and Hudson Canal
Ho.'s R. R., the Troy and Boston Railway, the two latter mnning
ortherly through Eastern New York and Western Vermont, and
'onnecting with roads to Plattsburgh, Burlington, Montreal, etc.
>!'he Central Vermont R. R. forms a direct connection here for Ben-
'lington, Manchester, Rutland, Burlington, St. Albans, Montreal, etc.
iihe Troy and Boston Railway forms a direct route to Boston via
Hoosac Tunnel, one of the long tunnels of the world.
r GBHHN ISDAND.
Watervliet, Albany Co., N. Y. 151 m. fr. New York.
This island is about one mile long and half a mile wide. It lies in
;he Hudson Kiver, its upper end being opposite to the mouth of the
Mohawk River. The surface of the island is generally level. Most of
•;:he buildings which stand upon it are railroad machine-shops or fac-
;.ories of some kind. The lower end of the island is opposite the city
■ jfTroy, with which it is connected by bridges. The track of the
Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s Railway runs the entire length
pf the island. It was occupied as a camp, during the revolution, by
the Americans under General Gates.
lffHCHANICVII.I.E.
Stillwater, Sa/ratoga Co., N. Y. 162 m. fr. New York.
t
^ An incorporated village, lying partly in Half Moon, but principally
, in Stillwater. Population, 1,500. It has extensive manufactories of
linen thread and paper. The township of Stillwater contains the
battlegrounds of "Bemis Heights," where the engagements were
fought which resulted in the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne to Gen.
Gates in 1777. Railroad connections are made at Mechanicville with
the Hoosat^ Tunnel route to Boston and the East, and to the West,
Via Schenectady.
73
HTTDSON UrVER ROUTB.
BOUND LAKE.
Malta, Saratoga Co., N. T., 168 m. fr. New York. Hotel—Wentwortk.
In the large and beautiful grove near the depot is located the
«>elehrated camp-meeting ground of the Methodist Church. The
grounds contain about 200 acres, mostly gravel loam, entirely
free from malaria, covered with more than forty varieties of
stately trees. The hemlocks, pines and cedars give the atmoe-
'phere a peculiar and invigorating " Adirondack odor."
Bound Lake is less than five minutes' walk east of the grove,
and is one of the most lovely of the many for which New York is
so justly famous. It is well stocked with fish, and has an abun¬
dant supply of row-boats. Boating, bathing, fishing and driving
afford ample amusement for the visitors. There is a good livery.
There are about two hundred cottages on the ground, and the
number is rapidly increasing. All of them are neat, commodi¬
ous structures, and many of them are models of elegance and
beauty. In addition to these permanent summer structures,
any required number of tents are supplied for the more transient
guests. Besides the cottages, there are a number of other build¬
ings on the grounds, used for the post-ofdce, booK and news
store, telegraph office and telephone communication. Beside
these, it has a most convenient and beautiful preaching stand,
surrounded by well arranged, comfortable seats, for thousands
of hearers. This beautiful stand is located in the centre of this
" cUy among the trees."
The water at Bound Lake is brought to the grounds firom a
pure spring, and supplied, in the greatest abundance, both for
ordinary use and fountain adornments.
The greatest interest and value are added to the other attrac¬
tions of this summer resort by its minebai, weix. After sinking
a shaft about fourteen hundred feet, an abundance of water, ot
the most valuable quality, was obtained. A scientific analysis
shows it to be composed of chloride of sodium, chloride of po¬
tassium, bicarbonate of Lithia, bicarbonate of soda, bicarbonate
of magnesia, bicarbonate of lime, and carbonic acid. Numerous
and most unequivocal testimonials of striking cures, effected by
this water, have been given. In pleasantness of taste and medic¬
inal qualitiesr it is said to be unsurpassed by any of the famous
waters ot Saratoga. Cast. J. D. EOQ-EBS, Supt., Bound Lake, N.I-
7d
pirst^Cl<»si5 Accommodations for nearly one hundred Guests.
HUDSON KIVER KOUTE.
BAUSTON SPA. Milton, Saratoga Co., M. T,
175 Hilet from New York.
Hotels—Medbury's.
Ballston Spa is the shire town of Saratoga County, and con.
tains the County Court-House, Jail, and other public buildings.
The village has a population of 4,000, is incorporated, and has
several fine churches and good schools. It contains but few
manufacturing establishments. The general appearance is very
pleasant, and it possesses many attractions as a summer resort.
It is beautifully adorned with a variety of shade trees, and its
streets and residences are remarkably neat and attractive. It
has long been celebrated for its mineral springs. The principal
ones already developed are the Artesian Lithia, Sans Souci Boil¬
ing, Washington, Franklin, and New Corporation. The waters
are quite similar in chemical properties to those of Saratoga,
and are, doubtless, drawn from the same natural medicinal reser¬
voir; but the comparative value of the Ballston Waters with those
of Saratoga, as medicinal agents, is said to be greater, as their
mineral properties are greater in quantity.
Mineral springs hsve long been known at this place, and as far
back as 1792, Benj. Douglas, father of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas,
built a log-house near the " Old Spring," for the acconuuodatioD
of invalids and visitors.
The Artesian Lithis Spring.
The water of this remarkable spring is shown to be richer in
valuable remedial agents than any other water found in Saratoga
County, and to surpass in excellence ail the waters found in
other parts of the United States. Flowing from a depth of six
hundred and fifty feet, through a tube bored into the solid rock,
it is not diluted or contaminated by surface water, as is generally
the case with shallow springs.
Its medical properties part^e of the most celebrated Springs
of the world, and, in fact, combine the ingredients of all the prin¬
cipal ones in Europe and America. It is very stongly impregnat¬
ed with that valuable mineral, Lithia, which is so effectual in dissolv¬
ing the Chalk, or Limestone and Urate deposits in Bheumatisii,
Gout, and Geavel, and has been successfully used by hundreds
in these diseases, with quick and telling effect; as also in Emmx
76
HUDSON ErVER ROUTE.
Disease, Liver CompiiAINT, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, bititousness,
Acidity of the Stomach, Constipation iiad Piles, and has proved
itself a perfect panacea for these difficulties.
The large quantities of Lithia, Bromine, and Iodine which it
contains, specially recommend it to the attentioD of every Phy¬
sician.
ANALYSIS BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLER, Ph.D.
School of Mines, Columbia
Chloride of Sodium 7.5i>.u:JO pr.
Cliloride of Potassium...
Bromide of Sodium
Iodide of Sodium
Fluoride of Calcium
Bicarbonate of Lithia ..
Bicarbonate of Soda —
Bicarbonate of Majmesia
Bicarboualo of Lime
Bicarbonate of Strontia..
Bicarbonate of Baryta...
Bicarbonate of Iron
'AS.A\i '
O.ILM •
trace.
7.7.')()
U.9*2H
18<I602 '
0.?*h7 •
3.881
1.581
College, N. P., April 21, 186s.
Sulphate of Potassn ()..520 jrr.
Phosi)liate of Soda 0.050 "
Biborate of Soda trace.
Alumina 0 077 "
Silica o.7«)l "
Organic Matter trace.
Total per gal. (231 cub. in.).1233.240
Carbonic Acid Gas... .426.1:4 cub. in.
Density 1.0169 •*
Temperature 52 deg. F.
The "Water is carefully and securely bottled, and packed in
boxes of four-dozen Pints, and will bear transportation to any
part of the world. To prevent imposition the corks are marked
thus: Abiesian Spring Co., Ballston, N. Y.
77
HUDSON KIVEE ROUTE.
The Sans Souci Spouting Spring,
which is situated in the center ot the village, was opened up
from the old original Ballston Spring vein, and, by a careful analy¬
sis, its waters prove superior to any'ot the renowned springs of
Saratoga. It presents the double aspect of a boiling and spouting
spring. The shaft was sunk, in 1872, to a depth of 693 feet,
through a solid limestone rock, when it penetrated a cavern, sup¬
posed to be about four or five feet deep, from which the water is
forced up by a pressure of carbonic acid gas about twenty-four
pounds to the square inch at the surface. It is particularly valu¬
able on account of the Lithia Salts, Bromine, and Iodine, which
it contains, and which are highly beneficial in cases of Goul,
Bheumalism, and kindred diseases.
ANALYSIS BY MAURICE PERKINS, A.M., M.D.
Union OoUeye, Seheneetady, N. Y.
Silica 1.140 gr
llicarboiiate of Baryta 1.790 ■'
Chloride of Sodium 572.306 gr.
Chloride of Potassiuai.... 6.680
Bromide of Sodium 1.053
Iodide of Sodium 620
Bicarbonate of Soda 4.757
Bicarbonate of Lithia .... 11.793
Phosphate of Lime 3.173
Bicarbonate of Lime 193.179
Bicarbonate of Magnesia.181.106
Bicarbonate of Iron 9.239
Alumina trace.
Bicarbonate of Strontia trace.
Chloride of Bubidinm trace.
Total 986.346
in a U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches.
Carbonic Acid Gas..538.071 cubic inch
Density 1.015 " "
Temperature 60°Pahr.
Around Ballston are many beautiful drives, as the country is
diversified with hills, lakes and beautiful streams. Three miles
to the east is Saratoga Lake, a beautiful sheet of water; and to
the south. Lake BaUston, about the same distance from the vil¬
lage. A little south of Lake Ballston is Bound Lake, about which
are the grounds of the National Camp Meeting Association of the
Methodist Church. Along the banks of the Kayaderosseras River
as it winds through its beautifully shaded valley, with sharply-
cut bank on either side, is a delightful drive. A new avenue, 80
feet wide, has recently been opened between BaUston and Sara¬
toga Springs, six miles distant, running through the region of
the group of pulsating springs, including the celebrated Geyser
and Glacier Spouting Springs. This is one of the most popular
drives, as it connects these two celebrated watering places.
Ballston and Saratoga are connected by almost hourly trains of
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s B. B. during the fashionable
season, thus enabUng visitors to enjoy the gayety of Saratoga
without being subject to the inconvenience of crowded hotels
78
SCHENECTADY.
Schenectady Co., N. F., 17 m.fr. Albany. 22 m.fr. Saratoga Springs.
From Buffalo, 281. Pop., 19,902. Hotels.—Givend, Carley.
Schenectady is situated on the Mohawk River, on a tract of land
purchased from the Indians by the agent of the Rensselaer estate.
The settlement was begun in 1651, on the borders of one of the finest
intervales in the State. In 1690 it contained eighty houses. On the
8th of February in that year, about three hundred French and Indians
entered the unguarded portals of the palisades which suiTounded the
city, attacked the slumbering inmates, and fired the dwellings.
Nearly all the houses were burned. The inhabitants who were not
carried off by the savages rushed from their beds to escape, and
most of them perished in the snow. A few reached Albany, the
nearest shelter. In 1795 Schenectady was made the headquarters of
the " Western Navigation Company." organized to navigate the Mo¬
hawk River to Oneida Lake. It was incorporated as a city in 1786.
A large amount of trade is carried on here by means of the canal and
the railways which pass through the city. The people are largely
engaged in manufactures, among which are machinery, cotton, car¬
riages, agricultural implements, and various utensils. One of the
largest locomotive manufactories in the country is located here.
Broom corn, a staple product of the valley, is largely marketed here.
Union College, incorporated in 1795, graces an eminence on the
eastern boundary of the city, and commands a fine view for many
miles up and down the Mohawk-Valley. It is largely endowed by
grants from the State, and by private contributions. The college
has attained a high reputation. Aid is furnished to students of
limited means from the State Fund, without reference to what pro¬
fession they propose to follow. Through the liberality of E. C. Dela-
van, Esq., the " Wheatley Collection" of minerals and shells was
secured for the college at a cost of $10,000. Union College is the
alma mater of the Hon. W. H. Seward, ex-President Arthur, and
many other distinguished statesmen and learned men.
The Vale Cemetery Association, organized in 1858, has a cemetery
of fifty acres in a beautiful vale on the border of the city. It is cov
ered with native pines, and is tastefully laid out and ornamented.
Passengers are conveyed from Schenectady to Saratoga without
change of cars. Travelers going west from Saratoga connect with
the New York Central R. R. at Schenectady.
80
♦ ^arato^ian^
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.,
DAILY AND WEEKLY.
No watering place or society journal in
the world is so widely circulated during
the Summer Season as
THE DAIIiY SRHRTOGlRJi-
If you are an advertiser and desire to
reach a multitude of people, place your
advertisement in the columns of
THE OfllLY SA^flTOGIAfl
for the season.
Advertising rates and circulation fur-
nished upon application.
Circulation guaranteed.
Published by
THE SARATOGIAN COMPANY,
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
HUDSOJT KIVER ROUTE.
SARATOGA SPRINGS.
Saratoga Co., N. Y.—183 m.fr. New York. Population, 11,975.
But little of the town can be seen from the railroad, as the traveler
approaches Saratoga Springs. It is somewhat iwegularly laid out,
and many of its streets are pleasantly shaded. The land on which
the town proper stands is sufficiently level to render all parts of the
place of easy access on foot or in a carriage, and yet is broken into
low, rolling hills, so that the monotony of a dead level is pleasantly
relieved. The population is about 10,000 during the winter, and
rather more than double that number in the summer.
Saratoga abounds in magnificent hotels, handsome villas, and a
multitude of boarding-houses. The town devotes itself to entertain¬
ing visitors in summer, and leisure in winter.
Near the central part of the town and overlooked by the principal
buildings and hotels, is a shallow valley, beneath which, deep in the
bowels of the earth, is one of the most wonderful of Nature's labora¬
tories. There she prepares solutions of various medicinal and mineral
substances with a subtle power of combination which no chemistry
has been able successfully to imitate, and sends the different solutions
to the surf.oce of the earth by channels which reach the light within a
few rods of one another, yet discharge waters distinct in constituents,
various in medicinal effects, and uniform in temperature.
We cannot wonder that, in an age which believed in a plurality of
gods, mineral springs were regarded with mingled fear and venera¬
tion. We have very ancient accounts of such springs, which were
valued for their natural and worshipped for their supernatural pro¬
perties. Greek and Roman, and even Hebrew and Chaldaic writers,
mention charmed fountains whose waters cured disease and almost
restored the dead to life. The fabled fountain of eternal youth doubt¬
less had its origin in the bubbling waters of some mineral spring, as
well as in the fancy of the poet who first gave it a name. Even in
the time of our Saviour, the Pool of Bethesda was famous, and was
visited by invalids from all Palestine.
Saratoga County, near the center of which are the Springs, if
bounded on the south and east by the Mohawk and Hudson rivers
along whose banks are a variety of picturesque drives through seen
ery of intrinsic beauty and interesting historic associations.
SI
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Cong^ress Spring.
This spring is located in Congress Spring Park, opposite the
southern end of Congress Hall. There is an artistic and very
beantiful pavilion built over it to protect visitors from sun and
rain. The principal entrance to the spring-house is at the grand
entrance to the Park, near Broadway. On entering the Park,
turn to the left, pass along the arbor-likc colonnade to the pavil-
ion about the spring, where seats are provided, and the spring
water, driven to the surface, and sparkling and bubbling in the
two globular crystal receivers by the force of its own natural
carbonic acid gas, is served upon small tables by the attend¬
ants. Visitors will find this method of obtaining the waters far
more agreeable than the old way followed at the other springs,
as they can partake leisurely while seated, without being jostled
by the crowd, and enjoy the beautiful view of the Park and
the delightful music by the Park Band. By descending a
few steps to the east, along the colonnade to the caf^, hot
coffee and other refreshments may be obtained at moderate
prices. The waters of the Congress and Columbian springs are
supplied free to all visitors of the Park. Admission to the Park
is regulated by tickets, for which a merely nominal charge is
made. All the attractions of the Park are open to visitors who
pay the entrance fee.
Congress Spring is more generally known and used than any
of the other Saratoga springs, and has probably effected more
cures of the diseases for which its waters are a specific than any
other mineral spring in America. It was discovered in 1792.
The waters were first bottled for exportation in 1823, by Dr.
John Clarke, of New York, who purchased the spring from the
Livingston family, who held it under an ancient grant. The
property was purchased of Dr. Clarke's executors in 1865, by
the Congress Spring Company, the present proprietors. In 1892
the Congress Spring was thoroughly retubed with iron tubing
sunk to a great depth, and all impure and surface waters were
effectually excluded from the spring water. This has greatly
improved the Congress Water, and it has thus attained its pristine
purity and efficacy.
The medicinal effects of Congress Water have been tested for
45
CONGRESS SPRING PAVIUON.
SS£CxaD. 1876
SAEATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
nearly a century, and its use is prescribed by physicians, with the
utmost confidence, after long knowledge of its great eflScacy, and
the entire comfort and safety with which it maybe used. To pro¬
fessional men and others whose occupations are sedentary, and to
all sufferers from the various forms of bilious disorders, it is in-
valuable. It contains of the laxative salts (chloride of sodium
and bicarbonate of magnesia) enough to render its effects certain
without the addition or use of cathartic drugs ; and it produces
free and copious evacuations without in any manner debilitating
the alimentary canal or impairing the digestive powers of the
stomach. At the same time it does not contain an excess of
those salts, the presence of which in the cruder mineral waters,
native and foreign, often renders them drastic and irritating,
producing very serious disorders.
The following analysis by the eminent chemist, Prof. Leverett
Mears, Ph.D., of Williams College, who recently analyzed the
Congress Spring Water, certifies to its chemical properties, supe¬
rior excellence, and valuable qualities.
ANALYSIS OF CONGRESS SPRING WATER,
BT LEVERETT MEARS, PH.D.,
Professor of Chemistry.
Williams College Chemical Laboratoet, Mass.,
February 10, 1898.
Congress Spring Company :
Gentlemen: I have examined the specimen of water taken
from the Congress Spring under my inspection, with the follow¬
ing results :
Grains in one United States gallon of 231 cubic inches.
Chloride of Sodium... .,550.8.52 grains
Chloride of Potassium . 26.134 "
Bromide of Sodium.... 9.6.53 "
Bicarbonate of Soda 10.951 "
Bicarbonate of Mag¬
nesia 1.3S.114 "
Bicarbonate of Lime.. ..149,820 "
Bicarbonate of Lithia... 5.321 "
Total ■ 893.96.3 grains.
Carbonic Acid Gas 530.8 cubic inches.
It should be remembered that this water is never sold in bar¬
rels. Genuine Congress Water is .sold only in bottles. In this
form it is sent to almost every part of the world.
46
Bicarbonate of Baryta
and Strontia 0.96J grains.
Bicarbonate of Iron.... 0.734 "
Iodide of Sodium 0.243 "
Sulphate of Potassa 0.4.57 "
Silica 0.671 "
Alumina 0.016 "
SARATOGA iLttTSTRATftO.
Columbian Springy.
This Spring is located in Congress Spring Park, j ast west of the
park entrance and a little nearer Broadway. It is covered by a
beautiful and artistic pavilion, and is approached through the
park entrence to the right, or down a few steps from Broadway,
opposite Columbian Hotel. The Spring is owned by the Con¬
gress Spring Company. It is a fine chalybeate mineral water,
and possesses singularly active properties in certain diseases.
It is said to be especially valuable in liver complaints, dyspepsia,
erysipelas, and all cutaneous disorders. As a tonic water for fre¬
quent use, no spring in Saratoga is so popular as the Columbian.
The water is recommended to be drank in small quantities fre¬
quently during the day, generally preceded by the use of the ca¬
thartic waters taken before breakfast. Only from one-half to
one glass should be taken at a time. When taken in large quan¬
tities, or before breakfast, a peculiar headache is experienced.
The proper use of this water will strengthen the tone of the
stomach, and tend to increase the red particles of the blood
which, according to Liebeg, perform an important part in respi¬
ration. Though containing but 5.58 grains of iron in each gallon,
this water has a perceptible iron taste in every drop. Is it much
to be wondered at, then, that a mineral which has so great a
power of affecting the palate should possess equally potent influ¬
ence upon the whole system ? The happy medicinal effects of
these iron waters seem to consist, to some extent, in the minute
division of the mineral properties, so that they are readily taken
into the system. The water is exported largely, and descriptive
pamphlets, containing full directions for drinking the water, may
ae obtained at the Company's office opposite Congress Spring.
ANALYSIS OF COLUMBIAN "WATER, BY PROF. E. EMMONS.
Specific gravity 1007.3. Solid and gaseous contents as follows;
Chloride of Sodium 267.00 grains. Carbonate of Lime 68.00 grains.
Bicarbonate of Soda 16.40 " Carbonate of Iron 6.58 "
Bicarbonateof Magnesia 46.71 '* Silei 2.05 "
Bydriodate of Soda 2.56 " Hy'o-Bro'ate of Pot. scarcely a trace.
Solid contents in a gallon 407.30 grains
Carbonic Acid Gas 272.06 inches.
Atmospheric Air *-50 "
276.66 inches.
47
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
The Empire Spring.
This spring is one of the best in Saratoga. It is located in the
north part of the shallow valley that runs through the village.
To reach it from Congress Hall, follow Broadway north to the
first street north of Town Hall ; then to the right, then left,
through Front street, down the hill, to the large bottling-house at
the foot of the hill. This spring is in a pavilion before the build¬
ing. For full information concerning this spring, call at the oflSce.
Although the existence of mineral water in this locality was
known for a long time, it was not until 1846 that any one thought
it worth the necessary expense of excavation and tubing. The
rock was struck twelve feet below the surface of the earth, and so
copious was the flow of water that the tubing proved to be a work
of unusual difficulty. When once accomplished, the water flowed
in great abundance and purity. It soon attracted the attention
of medical men, and was found to possess curative properties
which rendered it available in diseases which had not before been
affected by Saratoga waters. It has proved itself adapted to a
wide range of cases, especially of a chronic nature, and its pecu¬
liar value is recognized by eminent medical men.
The Empire Spring Water is a great favorite with many people,
being preferred for its mild but positive medicinal effects. It now
receives the most thoughtful and systematic patronage. In flavor,
agreeable medicinal effects and bottling qualities the Empire water
is unsurpassed. Prom its long and successful use it can safely be
classed as a very reliable and valuable mineral spring water.
AKALTSIS OF EMPIRE SPRING WATER.
BY PROF. C. F. CHANDLBB.
One United States gallon of 831 cubic inches contains:
Chloride of Sodium 506.630 grains.
Chloride of Potassium 4.292
Bicarb, of Magnesia 42.953
Bicarbonate of Lime 109.656
Bicarbonate of Lithia 2.080
Bicarbonate of Soda 9.022
Bicarbonate of Baryta 0.075
Bicarbonate of Iron 0.793
Bicarbonate of Strontia, a trace.
Bromide of Sodium 0.266 grains.
Iodide of Sodium 0.006 "
Sulphate of Potassa 2.769 "
Phosphate of Soda 0.023 "
Silica 1.145 "
Alumina 0.418 "
Fluoride of Calcium, )
Biborate of Soda, }- each a trace.
Organic Matter,
« ,. . . .Total 680.436grains.
Carbonic Acid 344.699 cubic in.
48
EMPIRK SPRING.
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Jeyser or "Spouting Spring"
Is a most wonderful fountain of mineral
water, discovered in 1870,and situated about
one mile and a quarter southwest of the
village of Saratoga Springs, in the mid»tof
the beautiful region of landscape scenery
now known as "Geyser Lake and Park."
To reach it from Siiratoga. follow Broadway
south to Ballston Avenue, which branches
off from Broadway in the south part of the
village to the right, towards the south¬
west, and follow this avenue until it crosses the Del. and Hud.
H.R., when the large brick bottling-house with the world-wide
inscription of " Geyser Spring " will be distinctly seen across the
lake to the left. Follow the carriage road across the causeway
turning to the left, and you will soon find yourself at the entrance
of the spring and bottling-house, and in the midst of the most
interesting spring region of Saratoga. Visitors are most cordially
welcomed to the spring and grounds by the proprietors, at all
reasonable hours of the day, and perfect freedom is accorded to
all visitors to drink the waters, inspect the work of bottling, and
to stroll through the beautiful grounds surrounding the springs.
As you enter the spring-house, directly in front of you, in the
center of the building, is this marvelous spouting spring, sending
forth a powerful stream of water to the very top of the building,
which, in descending t > its surrounding basin, sprays into a
thousand crystal streams, forming a beautiful fountain, ever-
flowing. and charming to behold.
In the center of the room is the artistical basin, about six feet
square, and from the bottom rises an iron pipe. From this leaps,
in fantastic dance, the creamy water of the spring. To allow it
full play, there is an opening in the ceiling, and here it rises and
falls, day and night, continually. At one side, a faucet, with a
nose like a soda fountain, enables one to draw a glass. The water
boils and bubbles out, mingled with bubbles of gas precisely like
cream soda, and all who care may have a free drink. When the
bubbles have escaped, the water has a wonderful pearly purity
that tempts one to drink bountifully. A glass globe on the well
53
SABATOGA ILLUSTEATED.
enrb has a stream of water flowing through it and escaping at tha
top. This enables us to see the thick stream of bubbling gas as
it rises through the water and makes an extremely pretty display,
A large business is here carried on in bottling this valuable and
delicious water, and visitors are shown all the processes in detail
The orifice bored in the rock is five an 1 a half inches in diame
ter, and 1S2 feet deep. The rock formation consists of a strata
of slate eighty feet thick, beneath which lies the strata of bird's-cy (
limestone in which the mineral vein was struck. The orifice i»
tubed with a block-tin pipe, encased with iron, to the depth o
eighty-five feet, the object being to bring the water through tl."
soft sla';e formation, as the immense pressure and force of the
gas would cut the slate, thereby causing impurities in the water.
llecently the present proprietors became convinced that a large
percentage of the Carbonic Acid Gas shovrn by the phenomenon
e£ spouting, was not present in the bottled veatcr. They rccentlj
re-tubed the spring and put in the most approved Bottling Table
The result is that for the first time in the history of the Spring
alt the Katural Carbonic Acid O'as i.i rdaitcl to the bo'ikd ua'er,
thereby add ing much to its already high medicinal qualities, and
making it an Excei.i.eiit Table Water, the water now being
fti./Wy effercescod and the best mineral water known.
Professor 0. F. Chandler, Ph. D., of Columbia College School
of Mines, visited this spring a few weeks after its discovery, and
the following analysis, made from water collected by him at that
time, demonstrates the great value of the Geyser us n medicinal
spring:
ANALYSIS OF ONE IJ. S. GALLON.
Obloride of Sodium 662.080 grains.
Chloride of Potassium... 24.631 "
Bromide of Sodirm iMI "
Iodide of Sodium 0.218 *'
Fluoride of Calcium a trace.
Bicarbonate of Lithia.... 9 004 "
Bicarbonate ofSoda 11 2i2 "
Bicarbonate of Magnesia 119.343 '*
Bicarbonate of Lime.... 168.392 "
Bicarbonate o' Strontia. -1.126 grains.
Bicarbonate of Baryta . 3.011 "
Bicarbonate of Iron.. 0.979 "
Sulphate of Potaeea ... C.31B '*
Phosphate of Soda trace.
Biborate of Soda trace.
Alumina trace.
Silica 0.666 •'
Orgmic Matter trace.
Total solid contents
Carbonic Acid Gas in one U.S. Gal 082cuMc"n
Bensity *•'''1-
Temperature Fol^
54
GEYSER SPRING, SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.
SABATOGA ILLtTSTRATED.
It may be noticed that the -water is charged with medicinal
and gaseous properties to a wonderful degree, its total solid con¬
tents being 991.546 grains. The amount of gas is excessive, and
it is this that enables the water to hold in solution so great a
proportion of minerals, and gives to it remarkable preservative
properties when bottled, as well as imparts that mysterious power
which forces the water from its silent cavern in the earth into the
beautiful fountain of the spring. Its properties are permanent in
any climate, and for an indefinite time. So long as kept corked
and the bottle laid on the side, it retains its value unimpaired.
As a medicinal agency its effects arc marvelous. Testimonials
from all quarters are received, bearing witness to its wonderful
cures of diseases; es|}ecially in Cutaneous Diseases, or any of the
various phases of Scrofula. It is used with telling effect in Kid¬
ney Disease, Liver Complaint, Dyspepsia, Biliousness, Rheum.v
tism. Acidity of Stomach, etc. It is a delightful beverage, and
when taken as a cathartic leaves none of those unpleasant effects
observable in the use of many other of the Saratoga waters.
As an aperient or cathartic it should be used in the early morn¬
ing ; and, if in bottles, it should stand in the room so as not to
be too cool. To give it more ready effect, raise the water to
about blood-heat, or 90° Fahr. A pint bottle, or about two
glasses, will usually be found sufficiently prompt and effective.
As an alterative, the water should be drank cool, in small quan¬
tities. When taken with meals or at lunch, as an ordinary bev¬
erage, the system will retain the minerals with strengthening and
stimulating effect. After wines or hearty eating, the water is a
sure corrective, restoring the stomach to its natural condition,
while relieving the system of uncongenial and injurious substances.
It cures biliousness, corrects acidity of stomach, relieves nerv¬
ous or feverish irritation and headache, and a restless person may
be induced to sleep by taking a glass of Geyser on retiring at
night. Geyser Water also operates with excellent effect upon the
Kidneys. The lithia found in this water is a specific for gravel
or stone, and is effectual in dissolving the chalk or limestone and
urate deposits in Rheumatism or Gout. Geyser Water is put up
in pint and quart bottles, and in tin-lined barrels of thirty
gallons each, and it may be found at any leading druggist's on
56
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
the continent. In bottles, it is packed in cases of four dozen
pints or two dozen quarts.
The spring property is managed by a stock company, and
Iho proprietors have adopted the name Qetser Spriko Co.
All orders should be addressed to the Geyser Spring Co., Sara¬
toga Springs, N. Y. The officers of the company are George
A. Streeter, President; George E. Settle, Treasurer. The busi¬
ness of the Geyser Spring has increased rapidly since its dis¬
covery in 1870, and its waters are now sold everywhere.
By passing through the door at the east end of the hottling
house, we enter upon a piazza which overlooks the stream that
dashes by the spring-house. Under the overhanging awning we
may enjoy a very charming prospect.
Geyser Park
Embraces a tract of about 40 acres surrounding the Geyser
Spring, and is open to visitors, who are invited, by numerous rustic
chairs and settees, to enjoy the natural beauties of this charming
vicinity. Leaving the spring-house hy the rear door, we enter
upon the ramble and follow the shady path down into the dell.
From the rustle bridge is a pretty view of the waterfall near the
spring-house, and in the vicinity are several springs of varied min¬
eral properties, more or less undeveloped, but indicatingthegreat
richness of this region in mineral waters. Returning to the
spring-house, we may pass up the hill towards the west, and ob¬
tain a delightful view of the lake and park. From the summit of
the slope to the westward the beautiful surroundings of this cele¬
brated localit.y are brought into view. Standing on the elevation,
with our face to the east, a charming prospect is spread before us.
The large, beautiful green expanse, studded here and -there with
trees and cottages, and terminating with the Green Mountain
range in the distant east, and the Greenfield Mountains in the
west; the silvery water expanding from small proportions into
the dimensions of a beautiful lake, fringed with graceful foliage
and shaded lawns; the limpid stream plunging over the fall and
dashing down into the shaled glen; the strong-arched causeway,
and the spouting springs shooting their pearly-white waters into
graceful fountains, all unite to form a charming landscape.
lis
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Th.e Elixir Spring
was developed by the Red Spring Company on April 26,1887, and
is situated about 150 feet south of tiie Red Spring. It is an
alkaline water, pleasant to the taste and tonic in its effects.
The large amount of carbonic acid gas it contains preserves its
palatable freshness and tone, and makes it a very valuable
water for bottling and sale in the general mineral water market.
The Red Spring and Baths.
This celebrated remedial Spring, located Just north of the Em¬
pire Spring, was discovered in 1770, since which time the efficacy
of its waters in the cure of eruptive and skin diseases has been
constantly demonstrated, as the multiplied testimonials of its
grateful patrons, from every portion of the Union, fully attest.
The Red Spring Water is a powerful alkaline ; hence, those acids
which produce rheumatism, gout, and kindred diseases are neu-
trahzed by its use. Indeed, to its action in neutralizing the acids
of the stomach may be attributed the remarkable efficacy of the
water in the cure of that wide-spread and most distressing mal¬
ady, dyspepsia. In a general sense the therapeutic effects of the
water are alterative, and it is especially adapted to inflamed
mucous membranes. Indeed, inflammation, whether internal or
external, cannot abide contact with Red Spring water. Drinking
the water, or bathing with or in it, as-the necessities of the case
.61
SAEATOGA ILLUSTEATED.
require, invariably allays inflammation and restores tbe organ oi
tbe surfaee affected, to its normal condition. Salt iheum, scrof¬
ula, ulcers, inflamed eyes, granulated eyelids, kidney difficulties,
rheumatism and cancerous affections are among the diseases for
which Eed Spring water is a sovereign remedy. The alterative
properties of the water are so great that small quantities of it
produce the desired effect; it is accordingly peculiarly adapted
to the weakest stomachs in external chronic diseases. The won¬
derful virtue of the water in curing salt rheum was spoken of
fifty years ago by Dr. Steele, in his work on "Mineral 'Waters."
Yielding to the continuous public demand for Eed Spring wa¬
ter baths, the Eod Spring Company has erected a commodious
bath house with modern appliimces for giving hot, cold or tepid
mineral baths. A series of 2dungc baths for learners, and per¬
sons who enjoy the luxury of swimming without incurring any
of its perils, has also been constructed.
The Eed Si)ring water is bottled and ship{)ed to every portion
of the country, and is rajiidly aci^uiring the rejiutation which it
deserves, of being the leading mineral water in the Union for the
cure of the diseases we have enumerated. The Sj)ring is situated
in the midst of beautiful surroundings, and the throng of visitors
who crowd the colonnade during the season attests the fame
and popularity of this perennial fountain of healing waters.
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
The Star Spring.
To reach tliis spring from Congress Hall, follow Broadway
lorth five blocks to the railroad. Turn to the right, and then to
the second left, and in a few steps the long flight of stairs lead¬
ing down the blull to the spring will be found. This spring was
formerly known as the President and the Iodine. It is over half
a century since its waters were first known and used, but their
full virtues were not developed until 1802. In 1880 it was re-
tubed, and tubing carried 41 feet into solid rock, securing per¬
fect freedom from surface waters. The water is largely charged
with carbonic acid gas, which renders it peculiarly valuable as
a bottling water, since it preserves its freshness much longer
than waters containing a smaller amount of the gas. The great
medicinal properties of the Star consist in the large quantity of
iodine and bromide of sodium, there being 2 grs. of iodine and 14
grs. of bromide to each quart. The proprietors of the Star were
the firet to introduce Saratoga Water to the public, on draught.
The bottling-house is a handsome brick building, and is sup¬
plied with every convenience for business. Visitors are invited
to inspect the house and the work of bottling.
.64
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Star Spring Niuuber 2
was discovered in 1885, by drilling through the solid rock for
200 or 300 feet. Although near the old President or Star Spring,
its waters are somewhat different. It is an alkaline water, and is
very palatable and agreeable as a table water. The sale of it was
first begun in 1889, and 3,000 to 4,000 cases or about 150,000
bottles of it are sold every year. It is packed in cases each con¬
taining 50 quart bottles, or 100 pint bottles, and sold at the
usual prices for natural mineral spring waters. It is used largely
as a table water, and its very agreeable flavor makes it very pop¬
ular for this purpose. Large quantities of it are bottled and sold
every year. While the immediate effect of the Star Spring water
is carthartic, its remote effect is alterative, and this, after all,
should be considered the most important, as the water thus
reaches and changes the morbid conditions of the system. As a
cathartic it should bo taken in the morning before eating, in
quantities of a pint or more as the case may require. If the
stomach is weak and feeble and other waters have proved too
irritable. Star water wiU work like a charm. For dyspepsia
and indigestion, drink with meals and before retiring. The val¬
uable properties of the New Star Spring water are clearly
brought out in the analysis made by Prof. C. F. Chandler, Ph. D.
ANALYSIS OP NEW STAB SPRING WATER.
The following are the results of my analysis of the sample of the New Stat
Spring water submitted to me for examination :
Grains in one U. S. Gallon of 331 Cubic Inches.
Chloride of Sodium .., 137.601 grains.
Chloride of Potassium. 7.503 '
Chloride of Ammonium 0.808 '
Bromide of Sodium 0.361 '
Iodide of Sodium trace.
Fluoride of Calcium. .. trace.
Bicarbonate of Lithia.. 2.038 '
Bicarbonate of Soda 18.309 '
Bicarbonate of Magnesia 47.143 '
Bicarbonate of Lime.. .118.327 '
BicarbonateofStrontia.. 0.085 '
Carbonic Acid Gas, 406.925 cubic inches.
Respcclfully, Your obedient servant,
C. P. CHANDLER, Ph.D.
Stab SPKiNa Co., Saratoga, N. Y., Aug. 3,1895.
Bicarbonate of Baryta..
. 0.303 grains.
Bicarbonate of Iron
. 2.516 "
Sulphate of Potassa
0.575 "
Phosphate of Soda
trace.
Biborate of Soda
trace.
Nitrate of Soda
0.685 "
Alumina
0.064 "
Silica'
0.857 "
Total 337.177 grains
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
About ono mile south of the viilaRo of Saratoga Springs, and
near the line of the Delaware and Hudson Railroad, is a very
interesting grou[) of springs of quite varied mineral properties.
Though they are quite near one another, yet they possess quite
different mineral properties, some containing large quantities of
chloride of sodium and largely charged with carbonic acid gas, and
others are alkaline and alterative. One of the most valuable and
popular of this group of springs is the Saratoga Vichy Spring.
The Saratoga Vichr Spring
Is delightfully located on Ballston Avenue, opposite Geyser
Spring, in the midst of a park embracing a beautiful sloping
lawn studtled with forest tr(;es on one .side, and the pretty little
Geyser Lake on the other. Its surroumiing.s are very picturesque,
and are among the most attractive scenery about Saratoga. It
w.as discovered in the mouth of March, 18<2, by drilling in the
solid rock to the depth of 180 feet.
bo
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
This spring contains more soda and less salt than any other
Slaratoga water, and takes special rank at once among the valu¬
able mineral waters of this famous Spa, from its wonderful sim¬
ilarity to the Vichy waters of France. It is the only alkaline
water found at Saratoga, and a specific in those troublesome
affections arising from Acidity of the Stomach, Dyspepsia, Kid
ney and Bladder DifSculties ; several remarkable cases are
already recorded of these diseases cured by its use. The follow¬
ing analysis of the Saratoga Vichy, made by Prof. C. F. Chan¬
dler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, demonstrates its
value as a medicinal agent, and as an alkaline water of equal merit
with the celebrated French Vichy.
Contains in one D. S. gallon of 231 cui)ic inches :
Chloride of Sodium 128.(>89 Bicarbonate of Strontia trace.
Chloride of Potassium 14.113 Bicarbonate of Baryta 0..5!B
Bromide of Sodium 0.990 Bicarbonate of Iron 0.032
Iodide of Sodium trace. Sulphate of Pota.<sa trace.
Fluoride of Calcium trace. Phosphate of Soda trace.
Bicarbonate of Lithia 1.760 Biborateof Soda trace.
Bicarbonate of Soda... 813.873 Alumina 0.473
Bicarbonate of Magnesia 41.503 Silica 0.758
Bicarbonate of Lime 95.522 Organic Matter .■ trace.
Carbonic Acid Gas in one gallon, 383.071 cubic inches. Temperature 50° F.
The Saratoga Vichy is an excellent table water, and superior to
the French Vichy, as it contains more natural carbonic acid gas,
and mixes readily with all wines. It is not a cathartic water
(but mildly laxative if taken in quantity before breakfast), and
can be drank at aU times with its good effect as a Nervous Stim¬
ulant, and in diseases of the stomach, kidneys, and bladder.
Geyser, Congress, Hathorn, and other prominent Saratoga
mineral springs are saline waters, but the Saratoga Vichy is an
alkaline water; that is, the alkaline properties (lithia, soda,
magnesia, lime, etc.) overbalance the saline properties^chlo-
ride of sodium (salt), and is therefore recommended in an entirely
different class of cases. When the blood is impoverished from
want of proper assimilation of food, or feeble tone of the stomach
generally, when the system is below the normal standard and
requires " toning up." the Saratoga Vichy should be used.
One of the most remarkable effects of Saratoga Vichy is the
improvement or restoration of impaired digestive functions, in¬
crease of appetite and improved tone. Dyspepsia is therefore a
special field for use of this water, especially when accompanied
LAWN VIEW OP 6AKATOOA VICHY SPItlNU.
SARATOGA ILLCSTRATED.
with sour Btcmach, slowness of digestion, loss of appetite,
Tertigo, weakness, etc. The Saratoga Vichy is rapidly gaining
popular favor, and is much used in our large cities in place of
the French Vichy waters, which are frequently stale. Genuine
Saratoga Vichy is put up in amber-colored glass bottles, half
pints, pints, and quarts, and in block-tin-lined barrels for
draught purposes. Circulars containing full directions for its
use may be obtained from those selling the water, or the Sara¬
toga Vichy Spring Co., at Saratoga Springs, N. Y. K. A. Roberts.
Esq., of Ifonkers, is President, and A. O. Munn, Jr., Secretary
of the Company. It has a wholesale depot at 122 Pearl Street,
New York, and Mr. L. A. James, of Saratoga Springs, is the
efficient superintendent.
. The Diamond Spring:
Is just north of the Vichy in its grounds, and is a valuable chaly¬
beate or iron spring, with ingredients quite unlike those of its near
neighbors. It possesses valuable diuretic and tonic properties,
and is specially recommended for those suffering from general
debility. One glass has the exhilarating effect of champagne and
is remarkably efficient in curing many complaints peculiar to the
female sex. It contains a large amount of carbonic acid gas and
bottles better than any iron water at Saratoga. The Diamond
Spring belongs to the Saratoga Vichy Spring Co.
The Washington Spring
Is situated in the grounds of the Clarendon Hotel, on South
Broadway. It is a chalybeate or iron spring, having I nic and
diuretic properties. It is not a saline water, and tbe peculiar
inky taste of iron is perceptible. It should be drank in the
afternoon or evening, before or after meals, or just before retir¬
ing. One glass is sufficient for tonic purposes. Many regard
this as the most agreeable beverage in Saratoga. It is frequently
called the "Champagne Spring," from its sparkling properties.
It is a very popular spring, and in the afternoon is thronged with
visitors. Its grounds are very picturesque, and in the evening are
lighted by gas. The Clarendon band discourses on the neighbor¬
ing piazza in summey, and fashionably attired people throng
beneath the majestic pines, forming one of those peculiar group
pictures which render Saratoga so charming.
67
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Lincoln Spring
is situated on the west side of South Broadway, Saratoga Springs,
just one mile south from Mominient Square, on the Wilcox-
Harvey property. This remarkable spring was discovered in
March, 1896, by drilling through the earth's surface to a distance
of 425 feet. From this point the waters of the spring rushed
forth into the air, thoroughly charged with carbonic acid gas, and
developing one of the most valuable springs yet discovered at this
famous resort. The spring has been securely tubed, and proper
means have been taken to preserve this valuable water from any
contamination by the commingling of any surface water or of
any substance that would in any way dilute or have any deleteri¬
ous effect upon it. The water has been analyzed by Professor
Perkins, of Union College. His analysis discloses the presence
in the water of many valuable properties similar in general char¬
acter to those of the most celebrated Saratoga springs, but com¬
bined in such a manner as to produce one of the most effective
and desirable waters found at this celebrated spa. The water is
a saline-alkaline, very agreeable to the taste, and acts with the
best results on the kidneys, stomach, and bladder. The lithia it
contains is valuable in kidney and bladder troubles, and the
magnesia serves to correct and regulate the stomach which may
be disturbed by indigestion or other harmful causes. Lincoln
Spring water is a great blood purifler, and has a soothing, quiet¬
ing effeet on the system, producing influences which promote
sleep and rest and tone up the system. It is a delicious table
water, well suited to all the jmrposes of the dinner, and may be
used freely without any harmfid effects. It ranks among the very
best of the many wonderful mineral fountains found at Sara¬
toga Springs. It possesses several valuable chemical properties
which are disclosed in the analysis and which are combined in
such a manner as to give the most agreeable and favorable effects.
The water acts as a tonic when imbibed in small quantities. It
will also serve as a cathartic when taken half an hour before the
breakfast meal. It is not injurious to persons who are well and
do not need any medicine, but tends to keep the system in
healthy condition.
«7a
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATE®.
Herewith we give the full analysis of the Lincoln mineral water,
made by Professor Perkins of Union College.
ANALYSIS OF LINCOLN SPRING.
Chemical Labobatort Union College, |
Scheneclady, If. I'., May 14,18!t6. )
Chemical analysis of water taken by myself from the spring of the Wilcox-
Harvey Company, in Saratoga, April 26, 1896.
Solids in sulntlon In one U. S. gallon of 231 cubic inches:
Sodium Iodide
Potassium Nitrate.
AmmonininBicarbonale .4109
Sodium Bicarbonate... 32.8614
Lithium Bicarbonate.. 2.7678
MagnesinmBicarbonatel08.5719
Bicarbonate of Lime.. 176.2835
Bicarbon. of Strontium traces
Bicarbonate of Barium 1.4008
Bicarbonate of Iron... .6440
315.j:08H grains.
Bicarb, of Manganese..
.1000 graius.
22.9500
Potassium Sulphate...
traces
1().;404 '■
Biborate of Sodium...
traces
.23:38
Sodium Phosphate....
.0914 '•
traces
Alumina
.0348 "
.105:3 "
Silica
1.9495 "
Total 674.3552 grains.
Temp, of Water 47.5 Fahr.
Temperature of Air..69. "
Heightof Barometer .30.5 inches.
Specific Gravity of
Water at 50. Fahr—1.011
Carbonic Acid Gas, 416 cubic inches.
MAURICE PERKINS, Professor of Chemistry in Union College.
The Wilcox-Harvey Company, recognizing this water as being
one destined to be of great benefit to mankind, desired to give to
it an appropriate name, and therefore named it the Lincoln
Spring, after one of the noblest and most beneficent of American
statesmen. The water of this spring is sure to be one of the lead¬
ing mineral waters. Its flavor is very agreeable, and its medi¬
cinal effects are of the most satisfactory character. The water is
bottled at the spring in all its natural purity in such a manner as
to retain the natural carbonic acid gas with which it is so abund¬
antly charged, and which physicians so highly recommend.
Guests of the hotels and boarding-houses will be interested in
visiting this latest addition to the mineral springs of Saratoga,
and a drive or walk from the village to the spring and return
will amply repay all visitors at this famous resort. All orders
for the water should be addressed to
Lincoln Spring, Saratoga Springs, N. T.
076
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
The Saratoga Baths.
This magnifleeht and luxurious bathing-house is situated a few
steps east of Broadway on Phila Street, scarcely a block from the
large hotels, and within two blocks of the numerous boarding
houses of Saratoga. The building occupies Numbei-s 19 to 25
Phila Street, having 75 feet front on Phila Street and extending
north 175 feet. The front is of elegant carved massive bluestone
and Roman brick, relieved by graceful terra cotta frieze and an
imposing arched entrance. The interior of the building is most
tastefully and luxuriously furnished, and its handsome tiled fire¬
place, with quaint brass andirons and rich oak over-mantel, the
comfortable and stylish furniture, elegant portieres, and well-
lighted reading-room, supplied with the latest illustrated papers
and magazines, entice the most fastidious to its restful and charm¬
ing environment. The 13,000 feet of floor space is divided
into departments for ladies and departments for gentlemen,
equally furnished with sumptuous facilities for all kinds of baths,
including Turkish, Russian, Roman, needle, mineral, and plain
baths of every kind. There are large swimming baths which
are free to patrons. The rooms ai'e beautifully tiled and siii)-
plied with the best porcelain bathtubs. The finest appliances,
the most skillful attendants, and the greatest natural advantages
for mineral-water bathing are combined in this superb model
bathing establishment. The mineral water is obtained from the
famous old Putnam Spring, whose curative powers have been so
well known for generations. It has a remarkable tonic effect in
restoring the skin to its natural condition and the pores to a
healthy activity. It is very efficacious in all affections of the
epidermis, and in rheumatism, gout, and all kindred diseases.
This valuable mineral water will be noticed bubbling over its
globular crystal receiver, and spraying upon the marble slab sur¬
rounding it, in the reception-room near the entrance to the baths.
The superb appliances, luxuriant furnishings, fastidious cleanli¬
ness, and masterly management of this magnificent bathing
establishment easily give it the pre-eminence over all others in
this country. It was built and is owned and managed by Mr.
H. M. Levengston, jr., of Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
82b
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Congress Hall
Ls ^)uilt on the site of the old and famous hotel of the same Disme
which was burned in 1866, and occupies the larger part o1 the
square bounded by Broadway, East Congress, Spring and Put¬
nam Streets. Its situation is in the very center of the ga} and
fashionable hotel world of Saratoga, and is admirably arn^aged
for seeing all the attractive phases of the "great watering-
place " life. Its frontage on Broadway, the principal street of
the town, is 416 feet, with a high promenade piazza 20 feet wide
and 249 feet in length, commanding a view of the most bidliant
portion of Saratoga. From the Broadway front two immense
wings, 300 feet long, extend to Putnam Street, the m rthem
wing, running along Spring Street and overlooking the ceb brated
Hathrm and Hamilton Springs on one side, and with the central
wing which runs parallel with it, enclosing a very beautiful
garden plot. The southern front commands a full view of the
famous Congress and Columbian Springs, and the beautifu. Con¬
gress Park, owned and adorned by the Congress Spring
Company. Ample piazzas extend around the back of the hotel,
overlooking the grass and garden-plots of the interior court, afford¬
ing cool and shady retreats in the afternoon, when entrancing
music is discoursed by one of the best hotel bands in Saratoga. ,
Congress Hall is built in the most substantial manner of brick
with brown-stone trimmings, and presents one of the most grace-
' ful architectural appearances in Saratoga. Its walls are 20
inches thick and hollow in the center, thus securing great strength
and protection from heat of summer. The roof is a Mansard,
with three pavilions, which afford wide and delightful views from
the promenades on top. Interior fire-walls are provided to pre¬
vent the spread of fire, and Otis elevators afford easy access to
all the floors of the house. The rooms are all large, high and
well ventilated, and properly provided with annunciators, gas,
etc. The halls, dining-rooms, parlors, and of&ces are ot grand
proportions, and are furnished with an elegance that bespeaks
comfort and neatness in all its departments. The ventilation of
the dining-room and kitchen has been much improved, and a
Steam Heating Apparatus introduced on the main floor for use
whenever changes in the temperature require it. Hot and cold
• 16
CONGRESS HALL, Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
H. S. CLEMENT, Manager. CLEMENT & COX, Owners and Proprietors.
I OO Rooms at SI 7.SO per week. 300 Rooms at S3.00 per day.
200 Rooms at S2.SO arid Sa.OO por day.
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
water have been carried to every floor, and a large number of
baths and closets added for the convenience of guests.
There has also been a complete renovation of the furniture,
and the rooms, halls, and parlors have been recarpoted, and 200
rooms refurnished throughout and the walls refinished. The
public parlors have been refurnished with new Wilton carpets,
and the reception rooms, office and dining-room renewed. The
kitchen department has been thoroughly reorganized at a large
expense, and will this year be made equal to the best. The
office has been tiled and greatly improved. The laundry has
been greatly improved and its facilities increased.
The rooms of Congress Hall are larger, and therefore afford
pleasanter and more healthy apartments than any other hotel in
Saratc^a, and will accommodate over 1,000 guests in the most
comfortable style. The beds are the easiest and best spring and
hair mattresses to be found in this country, and ample presses,
closets, etc., afford aU desirable conveniences. The ball-room of
the Congress is one of the finest in Northern New York, being
most exquisitely frescoed and adorned with costly chandeliers
and ornaments. It is in the block across Spring Street, but is
connected with the north wing of the hotel by a light, graceful
iron bri^e suspended over the street, covered and protected,
which, when illuminated on hop nights, is very picturesque.
Congress Hall is favored with a superior class of visitors, which
annually includes the finest families of our metropolitan cities.
In 1878, Mr. W. H. Clement, of Cincinnati, Ohio, President of
the Cincinnati and Southern B. B. Co., and Mr. John Cox, of
New York, gentlemen of large means, purchased Congress Hall
and have since added many improvements. They have placed it
under its present efficient and popular management, which now
indudes Mr. H. S. Clement, who has attained distinction as a
manager of first-class hotels and who was proprietor of Congress
Hall in its palmiest days, when it stood without a rival in Saratoga.
The great success of Congress Hall is complete proof of the
efficiency and popularity of the management. Owing to the very
low purchase price of the hotel, the proprietors feel able to keep
up the standard of style of its former glorious years and yet
keep the prices at the lowest possible and present popular rates.
Open from June 15th to October 1st.
• 17
SABATOOA nXUSTBATBD.
TTnited States Hotel.
This magnificent structnre was completed in June, 1874, and
is situated on the block bounded by Broadway and Division
Street, on the site of the old United States Hotel, around which
so many pleasant memories cluster, but which was burned a few
years ago. It constitutes one continuous line of buildings, si]
stories high, over 1,500 feet in length, containing 917 rooms for
guests, and is the largest hotel in the world. The architectural
appearance is exceedingly elegant and beautiful. It is Norman
in style, and its Mansard roof is embellished with pediments, ga¬
bles, dormer windows and crestings, and three large pavilions.
The building covers and encloses seven acres of ground in the
form of an irregular pentagon, having a frontage of 232 feet on
Broadway, 656 feet on Division Street, with "Cottage Wing" on
the south side of the plaza, extending west from the main front
for 566 feet. This wing is one of the most desirable features of
this admirably-arranged house, as it affords families, and other
parties, the same quiet and seclusion which a private cottage
would afford, together with the attention and conveniences of a
first-class hotel. The rooms of this wing are arranged in suites of
one to seven bedrooms, with parlor, bath-room, and water-closet
in each suite. Private table is afforded if desired, and the seclu¬
sion and freedom of a private villa may be enjoyed here, to be
varied, at will, by the gayer life of the hotel and watering place.
The main front and entrance is on Broadway, in which is the
elegant drawing-room, superbly furnished with Axminster car¬
pets, carved walnut and marble furniture, frescoed ceilings,
elegant lace curtains, and costly chandeliers and mirrors. The
room is rich and tasteful in its entire arrai^ements. Across the
hall is the ladies' parlor, furnished with exquisite taste; and be¬
yond, at the comer of the Broadway and Division Street fronts,
are the gentlemen's reading-rooms and the business offices of the
hotel. To the west of the office in the Division Street wing, is
the dining-hall, 52 by 212 feet with 20J feet ceiling ; beyond
which are the private drawing-rooms, the children's ordinary
carving-rooms, etc. The grand ball-room, 112 by 53 feet, with
ceilings 26 feet high, is on the second floor of the Division Street
wing, and is decorated with artistic and appropriate adornments.
18
SAEATOGA ILLtJSTEATED.
The arrangement of the sleeping apartments of this hotel is excel¬
lent, and its rooms are furnished with gas, water, and marble
basins throughout. It is the only botol in Saratoga that is thor.
oughly plumbed and has running water in all its rooms. All the
rooms are connected with the ofl&ce by an electric annunciator.
The entire building is divided into five sections by thick, fire¬
proof walls, and the openings through them are protected by
heavy iron doors, thus afifordinj great protection in case of fire.
There are also fire-hydrants in each section, with hose attached,
on each floor. There are ten staircases which afford ample
means of escape from fire. Two elevators are used solely for
conveying guests to the various floors, and every convenience has
been adopted in equipping this elegant hotel for its immense
summer business. Upon the Broadway front is a flne piazza, 232
feet long, three stories high, overlooking the center of the village;
and one on Division Street, 200 feet in length. Extensive piazzas,
2,300 feet in length, for promenade.s, encircle the large interior
court, which is ornamented with beautiful shade-trees, sparkling
fountains, graceful lawn-statuary, and meandering walks; and,
during the evening, when illuminated with electric aqd colored
lights and lanterns, and enlivened with exquisite music, the
scene is brilliant and fascinating in the extreme.
In fact, everything that is needed to make the hotel attractive
and convenient is found here, and the United States Hotel stands
unexcelled in its furnishing and arrangements by any of the hotels
of the great watering-place. As one looks upon this palatial
structure, and carefully inspects the detailed arrangements for
the perfect convenience and comfort of its guests, he can but be
amazed at the enterprise and courage of its owners, who have
opened to the world this stupendous establishment. This im¬
mense and elegant hotel is managed by gentlemen of great ex¬
perience. The Hon. James M. Marvin, who is well known to all
old frequenters of Saratoga, has the general control of the whole
property interest, while Messrs, Tompkins, Gage & Perry are
the lessees and proprietors. Under their able and successful
management, the house has become known as the most elegant
and aristocratic summer resort in the world. Guests are pro¬
vided with everything that will conduce to their comfort and
happiness. The hotel is open from June 15th to October 1st. ■
19
INTERIOR OOTIRT VIEW OF XJNITEB STATES HOTEL. Saratogra Springs, N. Y.
«A RAT< )(iA ILLUSTKATKl).
The Hotel American-Adelphi
is situated on Broadway at the liead of Pldla Street, in tlie very
centre of ttie village, and in tlie midst of tlie lirilliant speetaele
of Saratoga's snnimer life. It is composed of two famous hotels
in one, the American and the Adelphi, adjoining and connected
with one another and united under one management. It is
within three minutes' walk of the Delaware & Hudson Ilailroad
Station and the Fitchburg Kailroad depot, the Iloosac Tunnel
"T^ERICAN" ^ APf iCW
' ■
Route, and the leading mineral springs of this celebrated spa, so
celebrated for their health-preserving and health-restoring prop¬
erties. The Congress, Columbian, ITathorn, Patterson, A'ichv,
Saratoga Kissingen, Geyser and other springs are either a few
steps from this hotel, or have de|)ots near it where their waters
can be obtained. The hotel also sujjplies sj)ring waters that are
ordered. The house now has an imposing frontage of about 200
feet on Broadway. Broad and S[)acious j)iazzas extend along the
whole front of the house, commanding charming views of the
brilliant pageant of handsome equipages that 2)ass along Broad¬
way in ceaseless procession during the entire day. Xo place in
Saratoga is more nearly in the centre of its fashionable lite and
affords a better oi)])ortunity to see what goes on in the town
than the piazzas of the American-Adelphi. The views from
these i)iazzas present the most brilliant jjicture of summer life
23
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
on the American continent. The hotel has all the modern
improvements found in first-class hotels, including steam heat,
passenger elevator, new furnishings and decorations, and perfect
sanitary arrangements. It has rooms en suite, and sumptuous
bath rooms equipped with modern plumbing and the latest and
best sanitary appliances. The buildings of the American and
the Adelphi are built of brick, and are of comparatively modern
construction. The rooms are of large size and have high ceil¬
ings, and are well ventilated, thus making healthy and pleasant
sleeping rooms. No hotel in Saratoga has a greater proportion
of large and commodious sleeping rooms, and none offers more
homelike apartments to its guests than this one. The parlors,
and reading and writing rooms, are ample in size, and very
pleasant and convenient. The hotel's cuisine and service are
not excelled and the entire furnishings are of the first order,
and place the American-Adelphi in the first rank of hotels in
this greatest of American summer resorts. Saratoga, with its
numerous mineral fountains so valuable for medicinal purposes
and so agreeable and healthful for ordinary table beverage,
with its magnificent hotels and summer homes, its handsome
residences, broad avenues, and beautiful streets lined with luxu¬
riant shade trees, its delightful drives and charming lake and
mountain surroundings, its cycle paths and summer schools,
offers unsurpassed attractions to summer visitors, and the Hotel
American-Adelphi offers superior attractions to those who wish
to enjoy Saratoga to the best advantage. Mr. George A.
Farnham, one of Saratoga's most progressive citizens, is propri¬
etor of this combined hotel, and his experience in conducting
the American so successfully for sixteen years is a sufficient
guarantee that the management of the American-Adelphi will
be eminently satisfactory to its patrons. It is one of the most
Comfortable and homelike hotels in Saratoga Springs, and will
accommodate 400 guests. Its prices for board are $14 per week
and upwards, and $2.50 per day and upwards for transient
guests. Special rates are given to families remaining at the
hotel for several weeks. The hotel omnibus conveys guests to
and from the railroad depots without charge, and meets all pas¬
senger trains at the depots.
^a
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
The Worden Hotel
is situated on the corner of Broadway and Division Street,
directly opposite the United States Hotel, in the center of the
liveliest part of Saratoga. Its broad, well-shaded piazza on
the front of the house affords a delightful view of Broadway, the
fashionable drive. The finest equipages pass the house in uneeas-
ing panorama, and afford constant entertainment and delight t«
its guests. The Worden commands the finest views of all the
hotels of Broadway, the principal promenade. A long, wide
piazza has been recently built on the north side of the house,
affording a delightful shady retreat from the morning summer
sun. It is one of the best-constructed hotels in Saratoga. The
building is of brick and is five stories high, surmounted with a
mansard roof, and presents a very neat exterior on the fashionable
avenue of the town. Fronting, as it does, the two prominent
streets, Broadway and Division Street, its rooms are particularly
desirable, as they command views of the liveliest portion and the
business center of the village. The recent improvements are d
the most modern construction, and the appointments are equal
to those of any of the first-class hotels of Saratoga. It is hand¬
somely and comfortably fitted up and admirably conducted. Its
central location, together with its convenience to the railroad
station, make it a very desirable hotel for commercial travelers as
well as tourists. It is provided with a reading and writing room
for the convenience of its patrons, and a new elevator.
The Worden has become very popular with both summer resi¬
dents and transient visitors, who appreciate comfort, quietness,
good food, never-failing courtesy and attention, at very reason¬
able prices. The hotel is but two minutes" walk from the rail¬
road depot, where a representative meets every train. A free
omnibus conveys guests to and from the hotel. The Worden
will accommodate 300 guests, and is open all the year round. Its
price for board and rooms is $3 per day. Mr. W. VV. Worden is
the proprietor, and persons desiring to engage rooms and obtain
further information should address him at Saratoga Springs,
New York.
24
SAEATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
The Clarendon HoteL
Prominent among the hotels which have given Saratoga Springs
almost as much celebrity as the famous mineral springs, them¬
selves, is The Clarendon. Located at the highest point on
Broadway, it overlooks the unique Pompeia, the great Coiiven-
tion Hall (the finest in America), and the beautiful Congress
Spring Park. It fronts on thtee streets, and the rooms which
are not " front" all open upon the handsome park enclosed
within its grounds, with the picturesque pavilion of the cele¬
brated Washington Spring in the center. The water of the
spring, popularly called " The Ladies' Champagne," is free to
all the guests of the house. For the combination of unsurpassed
location, elegance, convenience, sociability, and home comforts,
the Clarendon is not surpassed by any summer hotel in the
country.
The rooms are spacious and elegantly furnished, many of,
them in suites for families. The Clarendon has always been a
favorite for this class of business, as it is central and yet retired.
The brilliant life of the most splendid spa of ancient or modem
times passes its more than a thousand feet of verandas in cease¬
less 'procession, and two minutes' walk will bring its guests to
any place of interest in Saratoga. The court-lawn is an ideal
playground for the children, while the large and homelike parlors,
reading rooms and reception rooms, are ail perfectly adapted to
the rest and social enjoyment which are among the chief charms
of a home for summer recreation.
The Clarendon will this year be under the management of Mr.
Edward P. Harris, who was formerly connected with the Genesee
and Tiflt Hotels at Buffalo, and the Tremont House of Boston.
It is a strictly first-class hotel, with hydraulic elevator, livery,
laundry, parlor concerts, electric bells, prompt and courteous
service, and a cuisine not surpassed anywhere. Its patrons
represent men eminent in all the walks of life, leaders of society,
capitalists and financiers. Over seven hundred guests can be
accommodated without crowding, and both the public and pri¬
vate apartments are thoroughly ventilated and enjoy a pleasant
outlook. There are telegraph and ticket offices in the hotel, and
baggage may be checked at the desk to all points.
TH£ CLAK£NDON HOTEL Saratog'a Spring's, N. Y.
SARATOGA ILLUSTRATED.
Huestis House.
This popular summer house, open from May 15 to November 1,
is finely situated on South Broadway, within one block of the
Congress and Columbian Springs, and two blocks from the
Hathom Spring. It is on the block next south of the new Con¬
vention Hall, and of the beautiful Congress Spring Park. South
Broadway is one of the liveliest and handsomest portions of
Saratoga, and the i-ooms and piazzas of the Huestis House, shaded
by splendid old elms, afford unceasing entertainment and recrea¬
tion to the patrons of this elegiint and delightful summer hotel.
A procession of splendid and fashionable equipages pass this
house during the popular hours for driving.
The Huestis House has been under the same management for
the past twenty-five years, and has accommodations for 300
guests. It is a select family hotel, first class in all respects, and
offering many unicpie and superior attractions as a homo for
those who seek rest and recreation. Its ptdrons are among the
leading citizens of all parts of the country, thus making the
social life delightful throughout the season.
The house is furnished in modern style, rooms single or en
suite, well ventilated, and supplied with the best electric annun¬
ciators, incandescent lights, bathrooms, and other modern im¬
provements.
The parlors are large and handsomely furnished, and provide
many a quiet corner for whist, for those whose dancing days are
over, while the sjdendid dining-room, with its floors waxed to
perfection, is turned over in the evening to the younger guests,
who have made the Huestis House "hops" such a delightful
feature of the Saratoga social season.
Steam heat has been introduced and extended throughout the
house, so that the cool and rainy days never bring the chilly air
to any part of the establishment. Many of the rooms arc also
supplied with open wood fireplaces. The dining-room is very
commodious and cheerful, and will seat over 200 guests. The
children's ordinary supplies a separate dining-room for chil¬
dren and nurses. The cuisine is excellent, and the mode of serv¬
ice unexcelled. The only house in Saratoga which serves evening
dinners and employs all white help.
Address Wm. B. Huestis, Pvoprietor, Saratoga Springs, N. T.
24 !
HVESTIS noVJ?E, SARATOCiA SPRINiiS, X. Y
SARAT()(iA ILLUSTRATED.
The Columbian Hotel.
This well-known hotel is channingly located on Broadway, in
the I'ciitral part of the village, opposite the new ("ouvontion Hall
and the beautiful Congress Sjuing I'ark. The famous Congress,
Columbian, and Hathorn S[)rings are but a few steps from the
hotel. Its location is very central, and on the liveliest part of
Broadway.
The Columbian has accommodations for^OO guests. The rooms
are large, pleasant, light, airy, and well-furnished. There are a
large numberof connecting rooms suitable for families, and there
are no dark or inferior rooms. It has recently been su[)i)lied With
new flush closels, and the sanitary regulations are now of the
most modern and i)erfect known to sanitary science. The parlors
are cheerful, the dining-hall is spacious, and the halls wide and
commodious. The piazzas are 250 feet in length, and afford a
charming promenade. Mr. .7. F. Swanick is the owner and pro¬
prietor and Mr. J. D. McXuIty is the managiT. lie aims to have
the hotel table and service tirst class in every respect.
20
HUDSON RIVEK KOUTE.
DRIVES AND RESORTS.
The drives and resorts around Saratoga Springs are numerona
and attractive. The principal cue is to Saratoga Lake, 3 miles
east of the village. The brilliant procession of carriages, with
their fair occupants and superb horses, render the otherwise un¬
interesting road one of the sights of Saratoga.
Saratoga Lake is six miles long and nearly two miles wide.
Moon's Lake House, overlo )king the lake from the north end,
and famed for its game and Ash dinners, and White Sulphur
Springs House on the ea.st side of tiie lake, are i he "principal
points to be visited. Small steamers run from Moon's to White
Snlphur Springs House and other points on t'oe lake. Regattas
are annually held on the lake and attract multitudes of people.
The Saratoga Race Course, on the road to the lake, is a mile
track, kept in excellent order.
The Saratoga Battle Ground, at Stillwater, the scene of Bur-
goyne's battle a .d surrender, is about l-'r miles from the village,
but a fair carriage road leads to i s vicinity.
The Glen Mitchell is about one and a half miles from Congres':
Hall, at the terminus of North Broadway, and the drive from tie
village, returning by the road around Excelsior Lake and Excel¬
sior Spring, is one of the pleasantest to be found near Saratoga.
Another beautiful drive is through Excelsior Park, lo White
Suljihur Springs and bath houses, through the " Valley of the Ten
Spring.s," with the table-land on either side.
Lake Lovely, a beautiful lake among the hills, around which
are the grounds of the Interlaken Golf and Country Club and club
house.
Prospect Hill is 16 miles distant, and from its summit, 3,003
feet high, a wide view may be obtained.
Woodlawn Park, the private property of the Hon. Henry Hi!
ton, comprising some 500 acres in the north part of the villa te,
is open CO the public. A drive or walk through these charm mg
grounds will delight the most fastidious.
Mount McGregor. 9 miles distant, reached by rail or carriage, is
one of the most delightful resoi ts near Saratoga. The view from
the mountain is wide and entrancingly beautiful For maps and
particulars, see " Vaintor's Sar.atoga Illustrated Guide Book.''
HUDSON RIVKR ROUTR.
ADIRONDACK COMPANY'S RAILROAD.
This railroad, connecting with the Delaware & Hndson Canal
Co.'s R. R. at Saratoga Springs, runs northerly toward the
great hunting and fishing grounds of Northern New York.
It is projected through the heart of the Great Wilderness, to
Ogdenshurg on the St. Lawrence River, and is intended to de¬
velop these vast wilds of 150 miles in diameter, and afford con¬
venient access for travellers to this picturesque and interesting
country. The railroad is already completed several miles heyond
North Creek, which is 57 miles from Saratoga Springs. It con¬
nects at various points with stage lines running to all of the
hotels in the Sacoudaga and Schroon Lake tract.
KING'S.
Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. F., 10 niUee from Saratoga Springe.
A station for the accommodation of the people of North Green¬
field, Greenfield Centre, and Porter's Corners.
SOUTH CORINTH.
Gorinih, Saratoga Co., N. F, 13 miles from Saratoga Springs.
The small village lies a little to the west of the railroad, and
contains a small tannery, saw-mill, holt factory, two churches.
JESSUP'S LANDING.
Corinth, Saratoga Co., N. Y., 17 miles from Siratoga Springs.
The village of about GOO inhabitants is on the west bank of the
Hudson, about a mile east of the railroad station. It contains
the extensive manufactory. Hudson River Pulp Company, for
making pulp from wood for the manufacture of paper.
At Jessup's Landing is a magnificent waterfall in the Hudson,
which here plunges over perpendicular rocks 70 feet in height.
The falls, with the rapids extending half a mile above, afford a
scene of remarkable grandeur and sublimity. At this point the,
travelier reaches the edge of the wild and mountainous Adi¬
rondack region.
HADLEY.
Iladiey, Saratoga Co., N. F, 22 miles from Saratoga Sjyrings.
Just before reaching this station, the railroad cro.s.ses the Sac-
ondaga River, a branch of the Hudson, on a bridg-e 450 feet long,
and 90 feet above the bed of the river. Six miles above Hadley,
the Sacondaga is navigable for small boats.
HUDSON RIVER ROUXE.
LUZERNE.
Luzerne, Warren Co., N. T., is on the east hank of tlie Hudson,
i mile from Hadley Station on the Adirondack Railroad.
This delightful little village is charmingly situated amidst some
of the finest scenery to be found in Northern New York. The
mountains on either side rise about 600 feet, and the boisterous
Hudson plunges through a deep and rocky gorge, forming the
most beautiful rapids and delightful prospects.
Lake of Luzerne, seven hundred feet above the sea level, and
surrounded by hills, is a picture of beauty in itself.
Parties who early seek the exhilarating and oxygenated air of
the mountains, will find at the well-known and popular Wayside
Hotel all the conveniences and luxuries of a first-class hotel.
Its facilities for the accommodation of tourists are among the
best. It is just before the lake, and is built in the style of Swiss
architecture. It possesses a fleet of fiO row-boats, a unique livery
of single and double buckboards, and appurtenances for other
entertainments of the guests. The Plateau of the " wayside " is
seven hundred feet elevation above tide-water. The dry and in¬
vigorating atmosphere is a tonic. The soil, sandy, and an ab¬
sorbent. The water, soft and pure, from granite rocks. No
miasma or malaria, and the hygienic conditions are believed
to be perfect. The breezes blow over living timber—over pine-
spruce, and other gummy and resinous trees—which statistics
show are conducive to long life. The place is recommended by
the best physicians as good for rheumatism ; good for throat and
iung difficulties; good for dyspeptics; good for general debility;
good for all who desire relaxation, rest and quiet.
STONY CREEK.
Stony Greek, Waa-ren Co., N. Y., 80 miles from Saratoga Springs.
Just before reaching the station, the railroad cro.sses Stony
Creek on a bridge of 135 feet span. The village is about two
miles above the station, and contains a comfortable hotel, an ex¬
tensive tannery, one church, and about 300 inhabitants.
86
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
THUSHAN.
Thurman, "Warren Co., N. T., 30 miles from Sarettoga Springs.
This is the stoppii^-point for passengers wishing to reach
Warrensbnrg or Lake George. The station is at the junction of
Schroon River and the Hudson. Warrensburg is a prosperous
village of about 1,000 inhabitants, and contains several stores,
manufactories, saw-mills, a large tannery, four or five churches,
and the Warrensburg Academy. The Warrensburg Hotel and
the Adirondack House are very comfortable hotels. Stages run
daily from Thurman to Warrensburg and Lake George on arrival
of trains from Saratoga. This affords a delightful trip for parties
who desire to enjoy the variety and wildness of the mountain
scenery, to or from Lake George and Saratogsi.
"THE GLEN."
Johnsburg, Warren Co., H". T"., 44 miles from Saratoga Springs.
Here the Hudson River is spanned by a large wooden bridge.
RIVERSIDE.
Johnsburg, Warren Co., N". T., ^0 miies from Saratoga Springs.
Riverside is situated close by the bank of the river, and has
been brought into importance by being made the station where
passengers leave the cars for Chester, Pottersville, Schroon
Lake, Johnsburg, and other points north. A magnificent line of
stages runs from this station to these several points. The dis¬
tance to Schroon Lake is only about six miles, and hence, this
route is decidedly the most desirable and pleasant. The steam¬
ers on the lake make close connections with the stages, and tour¬
ists will find the route one of the most delightful and entrancing
to be found in this country. Schroon Lake is rapidly growing in
popularity as a resort.
NORTH CREEK.
Johnsburg, Warren Co., N. K,57 miles from Saratoga Springs.
This is the present northern terminus of the Adirondack Rail¬
road, and is a base or starting-point for the excursionist or
sportsman visiting the Adirondack country. The entrance from
this point is the easiest and quickest to Raquette Lake, the
heart of the Wilderness. Raquette, Blue Mountain, Moose,
Mohican, Three Cedar, Summer, and Shedd Lakes, and Moose
River, in the heart of the Wilderness. ar» reached from here.
hudson eiver route.
DELAWARE & HUDSON CANAL CO.'S VL.Vi.—Contimied.
GANSEVOORT.
Jfortliwnberland, Saratoga Go , N.Y., 193 mites from New York.
Is a small post-village, named after Colonel Peter Gansevoort,
of the Revolutionary army, who lived here after the war was
over. The village stands upon the banks of Snook Kit, which
the railroad crosses just north of the station. The range oi
mountains seen at times to the westward is the Palmerstown
range, a continuation of the Adirondacks.
FORT EDWABD.
Port Edward, Washington Co., N. Y., 199 mites from New York.
Hotel—St. James. Poputntion, 5,000.
This town is of considerable import.mce and activity. It
stands on the east bank of the Hudson, near where that river
changes its course from east to south. An island divides the
river opposite the town. The railway crosses this island, and
the two channels afford a good view of the river side of the town.
The large buildings at this part of the village are those of the
Fort Edward Institute, a large school for both sexes. Fort Ed¬
ward was an important military point in the Indian, French, and
Revolutionary wars. A fort called Fort Nicholson was built here
in 1709, but was soon after abandoned. In 1755, in pursuance
of the plan of military operations against Canada, a fort was
erected here, called at first Fo;t Lyman, but the name was
afterward changed to Port Edward, in honor of Edward, Dnke
of York, the brother of George III. of England. Being on the
great carrying route to Lake Champlain, it became a very impor¬
tant depot for arms and rendezvous for armies in the expeditions
against Canada. It also served as a hospital for the sick and
wounded. During the Revolution it was again occupied by both
British and Americans. It stood on the bank of the river, north
of the creek, within the present limits of the village.
The murder of Jane McRea took place a little east of the
village, July 27, 1777. The tragedy in'ensified popular feeling
against the British anil has passed into our national history.
The remahts of Miss McRea are interred in the Union Cemetery.
Passengers, for Fort William Henry Hotel, at the head of
»88
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
Lake George, and the Lake George route northward, leave the
main line of railway at Fort Edward, for the branch to Glens
Falls and Lake George
(For description of the route via Lake George, see page 94.)
DUNHAM'S BASIN.
Kingsbury, Washington Go., N. T., 203 miles from Nm York.
A small village on the Champlain Canal.
SMITH'S BASIN.
Washington Co., N. Y., 207 miles from New York.
A small station with few houses. The station bears the name
of a large landowner of this vicinity and proprietor of the large
hotel near the station.
FOBT ANN.
Fort Ann, Wastdngton Co., N. Y., 311 miles from New York.
This village bears the name of an old colonial fort which stood
on the west side of Wood Creek, about half a mile from the rail¬
way station. The Champlain Canal now crosses the spot Where it
stood. The fort was one of a chain of works erected in 1756, at
the joint expense of England and the colonies, to facilitate expe¬
ditions against Canada during the French war, and was the scene
of several encounters between the hostile forces. An engage¬
ment occurred here in 1777 between Burgoyne's advance and a
detachment of Americans. The latter held their ground until
their ammunition was exhausted, and then retreated, felling
trees, burning bridges, and otherwise obstructing the roads.
Burgoyne was several weeks in overcoming the obstacles so that
bis heavily equipped troops could continue their march.
As we pass along the railroad toward Whitehall, we may
notice the high, steep, and rocky mountains on the north and
west of us, which are called Fort Ann Mountains.
COMSTOCK'S LANDING.
Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. Y, 215 miles from New York.
For some miles the railway follows the course of a rocky ledge
of limestone, between which and the track is the Champlain
Canal. At Comstock's Landing the ridge is quite high and pre¬
cipitous. A road, however, ascends through a break in the cliff,
and part of the vdlage may be seen.
89
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
WHITEHALL.
WhitehaR, Washington Co., iV. F., 223 miles from New YorTc.
Hotel—Yule House.
The village of Whitehall stands at the head of LakeChamplain.
High hills rise on both sides the village, but the country is level
and open to the southward. Whitehall is one of the largest lum ■
ber-markets on the lake, and owes its prosperity principally to
that branch of industry. It has a population of 5,000. The R. R.
train divides at this station, some of the care carrying the passen-
gere to Rutland, and some go north to Plattsburg and Montreal.
Passengers for Rutland, Middletown Springs, Clarendon Springs,
Manchester, Brandon, and other points in southern Vermont
remain in the cars of the train going to Rutland. The Yule
House, on Broad street, near the telegraph and post-office, is a
veiy comfortable, homelike hotel. Mr. George Yule, the pro¬
prietor, makes his guests very welcome. The table is excellent.
A free omnibus connects with all the trains of the D. and H. B.
R. There is telephone communication direct from the house.
Mr. Yule keeps a good livery, where excellent horses and car¬
riages can be obtained. For Lake Champlain Route, see page 104.
FAIRHAVEN.
Fairhaven, Rutland Co., Vt., 229 miles from New Yorh.
The village stands on an eleviited plateau, overlooking the open
country along the base of the hills along Lake Champlain. <"lose
by the station, and in sight from the car windows, are beautiful
falls in the Castleton River. Slate is f|uarried and worked in
large quantities at this place. Here also is Ihe westward limit of
the great marble beds of Vermont,
HYDEVILLE.
Castleton, Rutlmid Co., Yt., 231 miles from New York.
The village is largely engaged in marble and slate works. It is
pleasantly situated among lofty hills. Immediately north of the
village is a large lake called Lake Bomosecn. It affords good
fishing, and is a place of resort for the inhabitants of the vicinity.
CASTLETON.
Castleton, Rutland Co., 17., 231 miles from New York.
Is on a small river of the same name. Killington Peak, among
the Green Mountains, may be seen at intervals to the eastward.
_ 90
IinD,Sr)>f llIVEIl KOl'TE.
The peculiar bold eminence in the same direction is known as
Spruce Knob, and its immediate neighbor is Ilerrick Mountain.
WEST BVTLAND.
Rutland, Rutland Co., Vt., 241 miles from New York.
Extensive marble works are in operation at this place. The
whole ridge surrounding the alluvial flat on which the village stands
is composed of marble of superior fineness. Electric cars connect
this village and Centre Rutland with Rutland, four miles distant.
BUTLAND.
Rutland, Rutland Co., Vt , 2J4 milts from New York, from
Montreal, 1504. Hotel—Berwick.
Rutland is the largest village in the Slate of Vennont and is
the county seat of Rutland county. It is in Otter valley, in the
centre of an extensive marble region. More tlian $5,000,000 are
invested in the marble business of this vicinity.
Rutland is the most important railroad centre of the State. The
railroads entering Rutland are the Central Vermont, forming a
link in the great through chain from Boston to Montreal; the
Rutland and Rennington, forming a through route to Troy and
New York ; and the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad,
the favorite tourist's route to Lake George, the Adirondack Moun¬
tains, Saratoga, Troy, Albany, and the We.st. The Union Depot
is a fine brick building in the central part of the town.
Two or three daily and weekly newspapers are published in
Rutland, and large marble sawing worts and other factories are
located here. On the principal street are a number of fine stores
well stocked with supplies for local trade. The public buildings
are imposing and substantial, including the Court House and
U. S. Post-Ofiico building, costing upwards of $80,000. There is
a flue opera house building affording one of the most attractive
halls for amusements in the State. The Baxter Bank building
is a flue specimen of archilecture. The streets are lighted with
electric lights supplied from an Edison incandescent light plant.
The village has a telephone system, district messenger service, a
fine fire department, and an excellent system of water-works.
Otter Creek flows through the northern part of the village and
furnishes excellent water-power.
91
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
The Green Mountains surround the valley in which Rutland is
situated, and add greatly to the beauty of its scenery. The three
highest peaks are known by the names of Shrewsbury. Killing-
ton, and Pico. Deep valleys stretch away to right and left,
losing their sharp outlines in the distance in the peculiar atmos¬
pheric changes of this elevated region. The eye sweeps a horizon
sharply defined and indentured here and there by rugged foot¬
hills, and again lost in the haze of summer clouds.
Visitors will be charmed with the accommodations to be found
at the Berwick House, situated on Centre street, one block from
Union railroad depot. The house contains 150 rooms, and is
under the proprietorship of Mr. W. H. Valiquette, who has had
much experience in conducting first-class hotels. Mr. Valiquette
took the Berwick in October, 1880, and he has since that time
refitted and refurnished the hotel throughout. The rooms are
large, well-ventilated and well-furnished, and each has separate
steam-heat radiator. Several of the rooms have bath-rooms
adjoining, fitted up in the most elegant and convenient style
known in modern plumbing. Many rooms are en suite, and fami¬
lies will here find nearly all the comforts of home. The internal
arrangements of the Berwick are clean, neat, and artistic, Mr.
Valiquette attends to the catering and secures the choicest the
market affords for the table of the Berwick.
Around Rutland are many beautiful drives. Clarendon Springs,
six miles distant, Middletown Healing Springs, fifteen miles dis¬
tant, and the extensive marble quarries of West Rutland, four
miles distant, are among the attractive suburbs of Rutland.
Killington Mountain is about ten miles from Rutland, and
coaches run twice daily to this resort. The summit of the moun¬
tain is entirely barren and looks down upon the surrounding
country from an altitude of 4,380 feet above the level of the sea.
The view from the Mt. Killington House is one of the grandest
in the State. Twenty villages can be distinctly seen. To the
north of Mt. Killington is Pico Peak, thickly covered with
forests nearly to its summit. It is 3,917 feet above tide water.
Lake Bomoseen is fourteen miles distant from Rutland, amid
most beautiful surroundings. The lake is eight miles long and
two and a half miles wide. It has excellent boating and fishing.
Ola
CLARENDON SPRINGS, VERMONT,
Clarendon, Rutland Co., Vt. 3 UUet from Weet Rutland.
These springs are on the west side of the Tinmouth river,
amoDg the beautiful hills of Vermont, three miles from West
Rutland Station, on the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co's Rail-
real. They are about 170 miles from Boston, 90 from Albany, 60
from Saratoga Springs, and 25 from Whitehall. The scenery
about the springs is of peculiar beauty, even for Vermont, while
the splendid roads afford excellent opportunity for drives and
VI iws of this delightful region. Many prominent peaks and
s.iurs of the Green Mountains are within a few miles, and may
ba seen from the lower hills that surround the springs. Killington,
Pico. Little Pico, and Shrewsbury Pe ks of the Green Mountains,
Spruce Knob and Bird's-Eye Peaks, add grandeurand picturesque-
ness to this region. Amid this charming scenery, nature
has sent forth one of her life-giving fountains, rar.ly excelled
in rich medicinal properties or healing efficacy. The following,
taken from the Geological Survey of Vermont, Vol. II, describes
the discovery of these valuable waters. '' These springs were
doubtless among the first ever visited for their medicinal virtues,
and are more resorted to than any others in the State. Tradi¬
tion informs us that their medicinal character was first discovered
it 1770, by Asa Smith, who resided in the town. He is reported
to have ' dreamed ' of a spring in the western part of the town,
and, full of faith, started in search of the water that would
restore him to health. Arriving at this spot, he recognized it
as the one he had seen i i his dream, and accordingly drank of
the wa ers, and bound clay •saturated with it upon his swollen
and nflamed limbs. The scrofulous humor which for years had
been a source of continual annoyance, at once yielded to the
potent infliience of the water, and the man was soon restored
to perfect health." Many residents of Rutland and vicinity
testify to a number of cures of obstinate diseases by drinking this
water. The best effects are obtained by taking it ft esh from the
spring, where all its miner .1 properties, combine with the fresh
nountain air, to restore health and strength. The large hotel
od some cottages near the Springs, supply all the conveniences
of our best summer resorts. Warm and cold baths, billiards,
bowling, a livery and boarding stable, and telegraph oommuni'
cation to all parts of the coimtry are connected with thehoteh
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
MIDDLETOWN HEALING SPRINGS.
MUldleiMwn, RuUund Co., Vt., 8 'miles from Poultney.
The Middletown Healing Springs are situated on the iiortb
bank of the Poultney River, a tributary of Lake Champlain. The
springy are about fifteen miles southwest from Rutland; but
Poultney is the nearest railroad station, and the proper point of
B. R. departure. Stages connecting with trains run between
Poultney and the springs. The road between Middletown and
Poultney, winding around the foot of the mountains and along
the margin of the river, is a charming drive. The springs are
less than an hour's drive from Poultney, and their beautiful sur¬
roundings and rare medicinal virtues have made them a favorite
resort for the invalid and pleasure-seeker. Spruce Knob Moun¬
tain, 4 miles north of the town, and Bird's-Eye, three miles west
of Spruce Knob, 7 miles from the springs, and Lover's Rock, one-
fourth of a mile from the springs, are said to "present scenery
which would excite admiration even in Switzerland."
These springs were known previous to 1811, and their waters
used to a limited extent as a remedial agent. In that year, ac
cording to old residents of the country, a flood changed the bed
of the Poultney River at Middletown, and destroyed the springs
until June, 1868, whea another flood reopened them.
Many individuals, afllicted in various ways, drank indiscrimi¬
nately from all the springs, and in many cases complete restora¬
tion to health resulted. The waters act as a tonic and stimulant,
giving tone and strength to the system, stimulating the digestive
organs, and promoting the full and healthful action of the organs
of the body. Only four of the seven springs have yet been ana¬
lyzed, but their medicinal properties are quite distinct. Prof.
Peter Collier, of the Agricultural College of Vermont, analyzed
Spring Number On^ and found its waters to contain Carbonic
Acid, Sulphuric Acid, Chlorine, Nitric Acid, Lime, Magnesia, Iron,
Manganese, Alumina, Potash, Soda. These elements are found
in the following combinations: Sulphate of Lime, Carbonate of
Lime, Carbonate of Magnesia, Carbonate of Iron, Carbonate of
Manganese, Alumina, Chloride of Potassium, Chloride of Sodium,
Carbonate of Soda. Of these, iron and manganese are found
exist in unusual abundance.
8a
HUDSOivr RIVER ROUTE.
THE MONTVERT; MIDDLETOWN SPRINGS, VERMONT,
is conducted under the same management which has made the hotel so
poj)ular for several seasons. The proprietor keei)s the bouse in excel¬
lent order, and makes such improvements and additions as are needed
to make the Montvert one of the most comfortable of summer resorts.
The fifty acres of grounds about the house are beautifully laid out in
lawns and walks, with abundant shade trees. There is ample space re¬
served for croquet, lawn tennis, and other out-door games. There are
fine billiiwd rooms and bowling alleys connected with tlic premises.
The broad piazza of the house atfords pleasant shelter and promenade
with the full enjoyment of the pure mountain air, fresh from the noted
peaks of Killingtou, Pico, Little Pico, Shrewsbury, Ilerrick, Spruce
Knob, and otiier spurs of the Green Mountain Range.
The even temperature, high elevation, beautiful prospects, continuous
breezes during the daytime and the cool nights combine with the
liberal and luxurious furnishings of the house to make a season here
both restful and exhilarating. Perfect drainage, freedom from malaria,
the hunting and fishing, beautiful drives and walks, help to make " The
Montvert" one of the most cliarming and healthful summer resorts in
America. The rooms are large and airy, and supplied with gas and
bells. Pure water is brought from the famous cold spring in the
mountains through iron pipes, and conducted to every floor.
The table is supplied with the best the mark«t affords. There is an
abundance of fresh eggs, pure milk, cream, butter, and fresh vegetables,
supplied from the hotel farms. Excellent music is supplied throughout
the season. There are hose and fire extinguishers on every floor.
The hotel may be reached fi'oin New York by the Day Line and
People's Line of Steamers, and New York Central R.R to Albany or
Troy, and thence via Delaware & Hudson Railway to Rutland or
Poultney, where carriages convey to the hotel. The 9 o'clock a.m.
train on the New York Centi-al R.R. has through drawing-room car to
Rutland, Vt. Parties on this train will be met at the R.R. station, Rut¬
land, at 4.30 p.m., and arrive at the Montvert Hotel in time for dinner.
Passengers from Boston and the East, via Kitchburgh Railroad, con¬
nect with Del. & Hudson R. H. trains at Rutland, and Eagle Bridge.
Trains leave Albany for Poultney at 7 A.m. and 4 p.m., and Troy at 7.50
a.m and 5 p.m. The hotel opens early in June.
Address Mr. E. A. Eager, Manager, Middletown Springs, Vt.
93a
HUDBON BIVEB ROUTE,
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE.
The completion of the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. s Railroad,
from Glens Falls to Caldwell at the head of Lake George, has made
the tour through this marvelously beautiful lake both speedy
and comfortable. Now no stage-coaches are encountered on any
part of the route. The traveler going north and wishing to visit
Lake George, or to take the route by that lake, leaves the main
line of the Del & Hud. Canal Co.'s R. R. at Fort Edward, and
takes the cars of the Lake George Branch to Sandy Hill, Glens
Falls, and Lake George. The depot at Lake George is in the
grove just east of the great Fort William Henry Hotel, at the
head of the lake. In continuing the journey from Caldwell, the
route is by steamer down Lake George to Baldwin, where the D.
& H. C. C. Railroad of five miles around the rapids connects with
ihe steamers on Lake Champlain at Fort Ticonderoga. Of
course this route is only available during the se.ason of summer
travel; hut it is much frequented by lovers of nature, as the
scenery of Lake George has an almost world-wide reputation for
beauty and attractiveness.
If, however, one wishes only to visit Lake George, and not go
farther north, it will perhaps be as well for him to go on by rail
to Fort Ticonderoga, take the branch R. R. to Baldwin on Lake
Georg •. and thence pass up Lake George to Fort William Henry.
By this means he secures the best introduction to the scenery of
the lake of " The Silvery Waters," amid the glory and deepening
shadows of a sunset on the lake. Two trips are made daily by
the steamers during the summer season.
Palace cars are run through without change from New York
and Faratoga to Lake George, in summer, via the New York Cen¬
tral and the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. It's.
SANDY HILL.
Kingsbury, Washington County, N. T.
This village contains about 3,000 inhabitants. A dam 1,200
feet long across the Hudson affords great water-power, which is
extensively used by various sorts of manufactories and mills.
The town was the scene of numerous adventures during the
0-t
lake george route.
French and Revolutionary wars. At one time 17 soldiers cap
tured by tlie Indians were at this p)hice seated on a log, and al
but one deliberately tomahawked. In August, 1758, Major Rog
ers and Major (afterward Gen.) Putnam encountered and rep)ellei
a party of French and Indians within the town. Putnam wa
made a prisoner in tiie engagement. Traces of a road cut b;
Burgoyne's army are said to be still visible in tlie townshij).
GLENS FALLS.
Queensbury, Warren Co., N. Y. Hotel—Rockwell House.
Glens Falls is an important incorporated village of about 12,00(
inhabitants. Aside from its business importance, it is a place o
much interest to the tourist and traveller. The village is divide<
by the Hudson River, which at this point makes a descent of abou
fifty feet, producing a scene of surp)assing grandeur. The river ii
spanned by a bridge just below the falls, and from it a delightfu
view may be obtained. These falls in the river afford valuabk
water-power, which is largely used by extensive saw mills. Th(
lumber ti'ade of the p)lace is immense, and millions upon million!
of feet of lumber are annually sawed at these extensive mills
Tlie Union Paper Comp)any has extensive mills on the south siik
of the Hudson River, and at Sandy Hill and Fort Edward. Thes(
are among the largest paper mills in tlie world. Over 300 torn
of paper are made here in one day. Above the falls is a dan
across the river, built by the State, and a navigable feeder fron
above the dam supplies water to the summit level of the Cham
plain Canal. In the Hudson River at this point are several largi
booms, where logs floated from the north woo<Is are sorted am
distributed. It is no uncommon thing to move a million or mori
of logs at one time at this place. Below the falls is a small island
through which a cave extends from one channel to the other
The island has been made famous by Cooper in his " Last of tin
Mohicans." The tourist will find Glens Falls well worth visiting
and the picturesque scenery, the walks and beautiful drives ren
der the place very attractive as a summer resort.
The Glens Falls Summer School is widely known and drawi
students and teachers from all parts of the United States. Th(
Rockwell House in the center (»f the village is an excellent hotel
95
HTDSON RJVKK ROUTE.
THE BEMIS SANITARIUM AND ANNEX.
Oiif of tlif largL'sl anil most sucfcssl'iil institutions at
Glen.s Falls is T'lic Kfinis Sanilarimn, establislmd and built up
by Ml-. E. 11. iii'inis, a celebi-att-d oyo speoialisi, who has, by the
c-losL-sl apiilication and investigation, developed the most hu-
niaiie and suec-essl'ul method known for. treating diseases of the
eye. For twenty years and more Jlr. lleniis has devoted himself
to the study of prevalent formsot diseases of the eye, with a view
to diseovering some method of treatment whieh should be the
e
THE BEMIS SANITAUIUM ANB ANNEX, GBENS PABT.S, N. Y.
most effective with the least possible risk to the patient, and
secure the best results. The sueecss whieh has attended his
etforts has led him to believe that he has devised the most val¬
uable method of treatment known to medical science, and that
hi.s humane method of treatment by absorption is a boon to
sutferiiig humanity in giving relief and curing diseases of the
eyes, which in many instances were believed to be incurable,
without risk of serious results. Mr. Px-niis has been careful to
develop anil perfect that inetlii*! of treatment which, should it
fail in pi-odiicing the most perfect cure would result in no
tlda
I
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
harm lo the patient. The absoii>ti<)n treatment lias brought
relief by establishing the life-giving currents of the human sys¬
tem which have been broken tlowii. '1 his method removes the
cause of diseased eyes and impaiied vision. Being based upon
correct principles it has been followed by phenomenal success.
Step by step Mr. Bemis has improved methods and ap[>liances,
until to-day both he and his ideas
are known from the Atlantic to the
Pacific and in foreign lands. The
Bemis Sanitarium at its o|)ening in
1893 was at once filled with patients
from Maine to California, making
an annex neeessary. As new jiatients
came, at tlie earnest solicitation of
those who had tested the merits and
derived the benefits claimed, it was
found necessary to erect four new
buildings in order to classify patients.
With this sketch we give an exact
fac-simile of a life-size portrait of Mr. Bemis that was painted by
Mr. Nelson Cook, the famous portrait painter, when past eighty
years of age, who was cured by the absorption treatment when
nearly blind with cataract complicated with paralysis. This fine
portrait is said to be the artist's masterjiiece.
Mr. Bemis has associated with him in the sanitarium some of
tile most celebrated physicians in this Slate. Among them are
Dr. (j. W. Little, a graduate of the Albany Medical College, who
is eminently successful as a lu-actitioner at Glens Falls. Also
l)i'. C. A. Horton, a graduate of the New York Iloma'opathic
College, and Dr. F. A. Williams, a graduate of Albany Medical
College, who was formerly assistant physiciiin at the Hudson
lliver State Hospital at Poughkeepsie, and who now has charge
of the branch office of The Bends Sanitarium at No. 2Cfl
Columbus Avenue, Boston, Mass. The marvellous success ol
The Bemis Sanitarium and its rapid growth give abundant prool
of the skill of this celebrated eye specialist. Patients come here
from all parts of the world. Many find themselves perfectlj
cured, and those who do not obtain a perfect cure find them¬
selves greatly benefited by the humane and scientific treatment
which they receive at The Bemis Sanitarium.
LAKE GEOUGE ROUTE
LAKE GEORGE.
Watren County, N. Y., 215 miles from New York.
Lake George is the largest and most easterly of the Adirondack
lakes, and is 32 miles from Saratoga, 71 miles from Albany, and
215 miles, or about six hours' ride, from New York City. It is
346 feet above the sea level, and 247 feet above Lake Chani|)lain,
into which it emjities, is about 33 miles long, north and south,
and from 2 to 4 miles in width, and is fed entirely from moun¬
tain brooks and springs. It is of great depth and remarkable
transparency, and the surface is dotted by more than 300 beauti¬
ful islands. For boldness and beauty of outline the shores are
unrivaled, surrounded by high mountains, which in many in¬
stances rise abruptly from the water's edge and attain an alti¬
tude of more than 2,000 feet, clothed with beautiful foliage,
relieved here and there by elegant villas and picturesque camps.
The renown of its wild and picturesque beauty has spread
throughout the world, and thousands yearly come to view its
charms, and go away to praise them. Poets, historians, wrilers
of travel, and lovers of the beautiful have sung its praises for a
century, but all have failed to adequately depict the marvelous
beauty of this unrivaled picture of nature. The lake is almost
surrounded by steep and rugged mountains, and its pellucid
waters are studded with numerous islands. The passage ut) or
down the lake presents an ever-varying panorama of beautiful
and distinct views. Sometimes the mountains rise abruptly from
the banks ; at others quiet valleys hollowed among the hills re¬
veal the grand proportions of more distant heights and vistas of
Arcadian beauty.
The numerous islands—said to equal in number the days in the
year—add beauty to magnificence in the scenery of the lake.
Some are of considerable size, inhabited in summer, and partially
cultivated. Some are rugged cliffs crowned with shrubs or
meagre vegetation ; others, low bare rocks, or mere points just
rising above the water, useful only because, in their place and
multitude, they are beautiful.
"Horicon," the Silvery Waters, is an Indian name often ap-
• 90
LAKE OEORGE KOFTE
plied to this unrivaled gem of American lakes. The Indians
themselves called it Can-i-a-deri-oit—the tail of the lake. The
French discovered it in 1609, and named it Saint Sacrement.
The loyal Britons afterward re-christened it Lake George, in
honor of George I., their sovereign, and the English name still
prevails, though, to most Americans, Iloricon, the euphonious
and signficant Indian title, is more satisfactory. The whole
region of the lake is full of historic interest; and islands, waters,
glens, and mountains have witnessed many a scene of martial
glory, strife, and slaughter.
In 17.')") Sir Wm. Johnson, with an army of 5,000 men, operat¬
ing against the French, encamped at the head of Lake George,
near where the hotel now stands. The French, under Baron
Dieskau, who had occupied Ticonderoga, passed up South Bay—
the southern limit of Lake Champlain—and across the rocky
peninsula to the rear of the English, and, having ambuscaded
and overcome Col. Williams and King Ilendriek, who with 1,000
troops and 200 Indians had been sent out to meet them, fell upon
the English camp ; but after a sanguinary fight the French were
totally defeated. Johnson and Dieskau were both wounded in
the fight. The English loss was 262 killed, wounded, and mis.«-
ing, while the French loss was variously estimated at from 300 to
800. After this the English built Fort William Henry on the
site of their camp. It was named in honor of the Duke of Cum¬
berland, brother of George 111,
In 1757, 9,000 French under Montcalm invested the fort,
which, after a siege of nine days, surrendered. Col, Munro, the
commander, having stipulated that the garrison should mareh
out with the honors of war, and one of the four cannons of the
fort, and their baggage and baggage wagons, and an escort of
500 men to Fort Edward, But the terms of surrender were dis¬
regarded, and the disarmed and defenceless troops were sur¬
rounded and attacked by the Indians of Montcalm's array, and a
most horrible slaughter ensued. A few survivors fleeing for
their lives escaped to Fort Edward, " The revolting scenes of
this day have stained the memory of Montcalm with the blackest
infamy," The French did not attem|)t to hold the fort.
In 1758 Gen. Abercrombie, with 7,000 regulars and 10,000 pro-
97
LAKE GEOR«E ROUTE
vincials, embarked on 900 bateaux and 135 boats, and passed down
the lake, with all the glittering pageantry of war, to assail Fort
Ticonderoga. They failed of their purpose, and four days after
returned, shattered and broken, with a loss of 3,000 killed and
wounded, to Fort William Henry.
In 1759 Gen. Amherst, with 13,000 men, advanced to Lake
George, and, while waiting to complete his arrangements, com¬
menced to build Fort George, about one-half mile east from Fort
William Henry. When Gen. Amherst advanced against Fort
Ticonderoga, the French withdrew to Crown Point, and afterward
to Isle aux Noix. Quebec fell soon after, and the conquest of
Canada being completed the following year—1760—the vast mili¬
tary works of Fort William Henry, Forts George, Ticonderoga,
and Crown Point were of no further use.
Caldwell, N. Y., is the railroad terminus, and the largest
town on Lake George. It is the county seat of Warren County,
but derives its principal importance from its position at the head
of Lake George, and the delightful scenery which surrounds it.
Here is located the handsome dock and depot building of the
Delaware and Hudson Canal Company's Railroad Company, whoso
trains run down the dock immodiaiely to the steamers. The vil¬
lage contains the Warren County Buildings, several si ores, three
churches and several hotels, and about 500 inhabitants. Stages
run from Caldwell to Warrensburg, Chester, Schroon Lake, Long
Lake, and other points in the lower Adirondack region, and to
Thurman, on the Adirondack Railroad.
The Lake George Steamboat Co. run steamboats on the lake,
making two round trips daily, starting from Caldwell at 9.40
A. M., and 4.40 P. M., on arrival of R. R. trains, and stopping
at all way landings on the lake.
On Saturdays a steamboat leaves Caldwell at 10.50 P. M., on
arrival of evening train, making all landings as far north as
Pearl Point. Returning leaves Pearl Point on Sundays at 7.30
P. M., making same landings and connecting at Caldwell with
train, having sleeping-cars, arriving in New York at 6.30 A. M.
At Baldwin connection is made with the Ticonderoga branch of
the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R., for Lake Champlain,
Au Sable Chasm, the Adirondacks, and points in Canada.
• 98
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE
The steamer '' Iloricon " is a fine side-wheel steamer 203 feet
long and 52 feet wide overall, and will accommodate 1,000 people.
The " Ticonderoga," running in connection with the "Hori-
con," is a small steamer, but well fitted for Lake George travel.
Distances from Caldwell on Lake Oeorge.
Miles.
Fort George Hoi el 0.8
(Yosbyside 0.9
Coolidge House 4.0
Long Island 4.0
Trout Pavilion 7.0
Kattskill House 7.0
Bolton 9.9
Fourteen Mile Island 12.0
Miles.
Hundred Island House 12.4
French Point 14.0
HuletPs Landing 21.0
Sabbath Day Point
Hague 2S.I
AnthonyY Nose 'lO.S
itogers* Rock Hotel ^2.2
Baldwin 33.0
Fort William Henry Hotel, near the ruins of Port William
Henry, has long been known and patronized by lovers of Lake
George. The large, handsome structure .stands at the head of
Lake George, facing the north, and commands fi-om its broad,
magnificent piazza, one of the most beautiful and extensive views
of the lake and its surroundings. It is the largest hotel on the
lake, and will accommodate 1,000 guests. The steamboats land
directly at the Port William Henry Hotel Dock.
The Lake House, W. W. Brown, manager. Lake George,
N. Y., opens June 1st. It is delightfully situated at the head of
the lake on its west shore and in the village of Caldwell. Several
important improvements have been ma<le in the house. A new
and enlarged dining-room has been constructed, and private
dining-rooms provided. The reception room has been altered,
two new billiard rooms built, and several fireplaces added. An
entire system of electric lighting has been introduced utilizing
from 500 to 1,000 electric lights. There are electric bells in every
room. The plumbing and sanitary arrangements are of the very
best construction. A new kitchen has been built, and the cuisine
is of the highest order. Several new cottages have been added to
the Lake House equipment A superb orchestra furnishes de¬
lightful music in the morning, afternoons, and evenings to Lake
House guests. A fine livery, and delightful drives to places of
historic interest about Caldwell and Lake George, allure the
visitors to out-door enjoyments. Superb fishing, with a plentiful
supply of s<afe boats and fishing tackle, entice the angler to the
silvery waters of Horicon with absorbing fascination.
OTIS INCLINE RAILWAY, PROSPECT^MOUN^^^^^ N. Y.
u
o
< pj
JO
Trips every half hour. Fare, ."jO cents for the round trip. Stages transfer passengrers free to and from
raiiruftd depots aud from steamboats to the Kailway.
OPENS JUNE J St. C. F. MAIRS, Manager, Lake George, N. V.
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE.
Besides the marvellously beautiful attractions of Lake George,
with its crystal waters, mountain slopes, picturesque bays, and
shaded nooks, the village of t'aldwell has another very attractive
feature in its charming surroundings. To the west of the hotel,
at the head of Lake George, Prospect Mountain rises to a height
of 2,000 feet above Lake George and 2,600 feet above the level of
the sea. From the top of this mountain a view of surpassing
loveliness greets the eye. The prospect commands a view of
many peaks of the Adirondacks, with the silvery waters of Lakes
George and Champlain at their feet, stretching to the north until
lost among the distant slopes of the Adirondack and Green
Mountains. To the south may be discerned the Hudson River,
running through the landscape like a silver thread, terminating
in a distant view of the Catskill Mountains. In a clear day the
dome of the Capitol at Albany is plainly visible. The summit
and slopes of the mountain are covered with forests of pine and
balsam, filling the atmosphere with the fragrance of their healing
balm.
The Otis Incline Railway Company, appreciating the delight¬
ful attractions of this mountain view and resort, have constructed
an incline railway leading from near the shore of the lake, at
Caldwell village, near the Lake House, to the summit of Pros¬
pect Mountain, thus bringing this beautiful prospect, previously
so dilRcult of approach, within easy access of the visitors at Lake
George. The road was constructed by the Otis Engineering and
Construction Company, and provided with all the latest mechani¬
cal and safety devices. The road extends from near the lake
shore to the summit of the mountain, and cars run upon it at
short intervals during the day and evening. The Prospect
Mountain House affords food, shelter, and restful repose to the
visitors who seek its hospitable care and protection. Pine din¬
ners and lighter refreshments may be obtained at the hotel on
short notice and at moderate prices. A broad pavilion affords
ample promenade and extensive views of the magnificent scenery,
and at the very summit of the mountain the hotel offers many
and delightful prospects.
The visitor at Lake George should visit Prospect Mountain and
enjoy one of the most sublime prospects ever offered to view.
100
LAKE GEOROE ROUTE.
The old favorite Carpenter House, J. H. Carpenter,
proprietor, is beautifully located at the head of Lake George, and
is unequalled for comfort and convenience. The piazzas com¬
mand a good view of Prospect Mountain and Lake George. The
table is supplied with fresh vegetables every day from the hotel's
own garden. The food is substantial and inviting and the ser¬
vice prompt and efficient. A free omnibus conveys passengers, to
the hotel and from the hotel to meet the trains and boats. The
price of transient Itoard is $3 per day. Special rates are made
by the week. Mr. Carpenter's long exi)orience in keeping a hotel
at Lake George enables him to meet the re(juirenients of his guests
with the utmost satisfaction.
Crosbyside Hotel is situated on a beautiful point of land
projecting into the lake from the east side. It is less than a mile
from Caldwell, and with its several cottages is ably managed
by Mr. A. 11. Russell, the proprietor. It is celebrated for the
su|)erior manner in which it is conducted, and the choice class
of visitors that patronize the house. Its location is such as lo
afford an extensive view of the lake, and a charming view of the
mountains across the lake on the north and west. This is one
of the best hotels on the lake for families, llerelhey will receive
every attention that will contribute to their [)leasure.
The management will this year endeavor to provide more fully
than ever before for the comfort and enjoyment of its guests, and
to merit the praise so kindly spoken by patrons. Charles Dudley
Warner wrote, "Crosbyside is the ideal of a summer resort, nestled
in foliage on a pretty point, with its great trees on a sloping
lawn, boat houses and innumerable row and sail boats, and a
lovely view, over the blue waters, of a fine range of hills."
The cuisine is excellent, and provided by an experienced chef.
The vegetables come from the extensive garden of the hotel.
Boating, fishing, and driving are here for all, and billiards,
bowling, dancing, and tennis for those who enjoy them. It is a
most delightful place. The visitor wishes to linger longer in the
marvelous attractions of this fascinating place, and deems his
recreation season too brief in these delightful surroundings.
Coaches and Lake George steamers leave and call for passen¬
gers at the Crosbyside hotel and landing.
• 101
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE
Tea Island, the traditional burial-place of A bercronibie's treas¬
ures, is near the west shore, northwest of Crosbyside.
St. Maey's op the Lake, the summer home of the Paulist
Fathers, a society of Roman Catholic missionary priests, is a mile
north of Crosbyside, on the east shore of the lake. Plum Point
is north of St. Mary's. Diamond Island, abounding in quartz
crystals, is three miles from Caldwell, in the middle of the lake.
It was fortified by Burgoyne in 1777, and used as a military sup¬
ply depot. Crown Point is west of Diamond Island, with Cannon
Point, Reid Rock, and Diamond Point on the west shore.
CooLTDOE House is four miles from Caldwell, on ^vest side of
lake, and one mile north of it is " Cheondcroga," on Ijakc George,
the many-pointed cottage of Judge Edmunds, of New York.
The Three Sisters Islands are in the middle of the ake, five
miles from Caldwell. Dunham's Bay is on the east of Plum
Point, with West Point at its north end. The low island west of
West Point is South Island, a favorite picnic resort.
Long Island, one mile long, the largest island in the lake, is
just north of South Island. Running across the mouth of Harris
Bay the steamer passes Ripley's Point, Sandy Bay, Sheldon's
Point, East Lake George House, Grove Hotel, to
Trout Pavilion, where are the Trout Pavilion Hotel and
several cottages. Kattskili, House is on the high projecting
point, 7 miles from Caldwell. Litt'e Green Island, Camp Man¬
hattan, is north of Kattskili House, near east shore, Marion Hotel
on the west shore opposite. Pilot Knob Mountain is the sharp
peak on the east, with Buck Mountain north of it, and Phelps
Point in front, on the shore. Dome Island in centre of the lake
is the highest of Lake George islands. Recluse Island is west of
Dome, and the path of the steamer. Clay Island is near Recluse,
separated from the mainland by a narrow strait.
Bolton, ten miles from Caldwell, at the northwestern end of
the Northwest Bay, has several very commodious hotels, and is a
popular resort for families and excursion parties. It is on the
west side of the lake, commanding a very delightful view of Lake
George scenery. The principal hotels are the Mohican, Bolton,
Locust Grove, and Lake View. Bolton Bay contains numerous
islands, and some of the most beautiful scenery in the lake.
102
lake oeokhe route.
Lakk View House, on Piirodi Point, Bolton, vvitiiin 100 feet of
the lake,eoinnuuKls one of the most beautiful views on I^ike (leorge.
The hotel has two mails daily. Telegra[)li olliee in the house.
Cuisine exeellent. The i)roiu'ietor's steam launch lilies between
the hotel and Bolton Landing, meeting the Lake George steamers.
Address 11. J. Brown, proprietor, Bolton-ou-Lake-George, N. Y,
The Locust Grove House, Bolton-on-Ijake-George, N, Y.,
(teorge R. Pish, Proprietor, is pleasantly located on the west side
of the lake, in a locust grove, about ten rods from the shore. I'here
are [ilenty of nice boats for lishing an'd rowing. The table is
exeellent. The hotel is sujiplied with pure mountain spring
water. The billiard, bar, and .sample rooms are on the ground
llooi-, separate from the house. A free omnibus runs to and
from the steamboat lauding. Terms reasonable.
Tue Mohican House, at Bolton-on-Lake-George. is delight¬
fully situated on a long point extending into the lake. The lawn
is terraced to the water's edge. The facilities for lioating. fishing,
riding, and driving are excellent, and the best of attendance is
given to patrons. The Mohican has been a [lopular resort for the
best class of guests for several generations. The cuisine is unex¬
celled. The hotel farm furnishes fresh milk and vegetables, and
pure spring water is brought from the mountains. The Mohican
House is open all the year. Address Frank Clark, Proprieror.
lOd
LAKE (iEORCE ROUTE
The Sagamore IIotei,, Myron 0. lirown, Proprietor, is built
m a hi^b point of (Ireen Islund, and affords a charming view of
tiie lake and of the surrounding mountains, from all sides. It
was erected by capitalists whose families have s|)ent their sum¬
mers at Lake George for many years. A handsome rustic bridge
unites the island with the mainland on the west side, and the
superb mountain drives in the vicinity of fjake George, to
Scliroon Lake, Warreusburgli, Lake Luzerne, and Caldwell.
The situation of the Sagamore is incomparable for scenic effects,
hcing ten miles north of Caldwell at the head of the lake, with
an mihroken view between the two points. Its large and airy
moms, with accommodation for about 300 persons, are all lighted
with Edison electric lights. From the insular position of the
hotel each room has a fine view of the lake. It is furnished
with an ample hydraulic elevator for the use of guests. All the
sleeping-rooms are supplied with electric bells. The furniture is
if elegant design, and the table unexceptionable. The regular
steamboats " Iloricon " and " Ticonderoga " meet all trains and
cany passengers to the dock of ' The Sagamore."
JO:Ja
FORT WILLIAM HENRY HOTEL.
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE.
Green Island, Crown Island, Northwest Bay, and Tongue Moun¬
tain, rugged and precipitous, are passed on west side as the steamer
enters the Narrows of the lake with its numerous islands. Black
Mountain is seen to the north. Shelving Rock and Mount Erebus,
dark and foreboding, are east of the Narrows.
Fourteen Mile Island, with Hen and Chickens, is near the east
shore. The Hundred Island House, named from the 100 islands of
the Narrows, is north of Fourteen Mile Island, on the east shore.
The Hundred Island House is situated on an elevation on the
east shore of Lake George, overlooking the hundred islands of the
far-famed Narrows, about twelve miles north of Caldwell. A view
from its broad piazzas embraces the most beautiful and famous
scenery of Lake George. The post-oflice address is Shelving Rock,
Washington Co., N. Y., and the post-olTlce itself is in the hotel.
The telegraph office is within three minutes' walk of the hotel.
There are fine billiard rooms and lawn-tennis grounds connected with
the house. A steam yacht and a large fleet of small boats afford
abundant facilities for sailing and rowing on the lake.
Passing northward through the Narrows, which are adorned by a
string of closely clustered islands tufted with birch, chestnut, and
pine, we pass into a most enchanting portion of this beautiful lake.
A small peninsula makes out from the foot of the mountain, indented
with coves and bordered by a chain of islets, embracing a transpar¬
ent pool of water of extraordinary clearness and beauty. This charm¬
ing region is aptly named Paradise Bay.
Paradise Point is on the east, and to the north of it is the bold
form of Black Mountain, 2,049 feet high, the highest mountain on
the lake shore. Its ascent is easily made from Popple Point, on the
shore. Half-Way Island, Three Brothers, Hatchet Island, One-Tree
Island, Floating Battery, and Mother Bunch are passed in succe.ssion.
Gives Roek is the mountain slope on the east, north of Mother Bunch.
Harbor Islands are north of it, in the middle of the lake.
Hulett's Landing, 21 miles from Caldwell, is a favorite point of
departure for the ascent of Black Mountain. It is five miles from
Chubb's Dock, on Delaware & Hudson R.R. The hotel here will
accommodate 50 persons. From Hulett's Landing we run across
the lake to Sabbath Day Point, passing Elephant Mountain, Black
Mountain, with Sugar Loaf beyond it to the east.
103b
LAKE GEORGE ROUTE.
Sabbath Day Point, of historical farae, where in 1756 Put
nam and Rogers repulsed the French and Indians, and where
Abercrombie landed on the 5th of July, 1758, with 15,000 men,
and where General Amherst landed on a Sunday in September,
1758, with 12,000 men, and held religious services, is on the west
side of the lake, 22 miles from Caldwell. From this point to
Baldwin the steamer makes fewer landings than previously.
Bloomer Mountain, Twin Mountains to the west, Hog's Back
on the east, with Spruce Mountain north of it, bold and precipi¬
tous, are passed in succession. Bluff Head projects from the
shore, with Odel Islands north of it. Scotch Bonnet is a flat rock
west of the channel, 4 miles north of Sabbath Day Point.
Hague, 28 miles from Caldwell, is a small village on the west
side of the lake. There are several small hotels here. One mile
north of Hague is Waltonian Island. Cook's Island along the
shore, and Friend's Point on the west, succeed each other.
Blair's Bay is on the east side, with Anthony's Nose on its north
side. The steamer runs close to the mountain, with Roger's Bock
and Slide on the west. It lands at Roger's Rock Hotel, 32 miles
from Caldwell, one of the largest and best hotels on the lake.
Baldwin is next reached, 33 miles from Caldwell. Here we
connect with the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s B. R., for
Ticonderoga, 5 miles, where is the main line of the R. R. for
Plattsburg, Montreal, Saratoga, and the southern landing of the
Lake Champlain steamers.
hotels at lake george.
HOTELS—P. O. ADDRESS.
Port William Henry,L'ke George
Lake House "
Central House **
Carpenter House....
Crosbyside
Coolidge House Hill ^'iew
Sheldon House .K'tsk'l Bay
East L. George Ho. "
Grove Hotel "
Trout Pavilion "
Kattskill House.... "
Lake View House. .Bdlton
Sagamore "
Mohican House **
Fenimore Hotel....
OAPA-
riTT.
1000
200
100
100
200
50
100
40
50
80
100
00
300
80
50
HOTELS—P. O. ADDRESS.
CAFA*
CITT.
Bolton House. ...Bolton
Locust Grove... . "
Marion House "
Fourteen-milels.HoShelv'gR'k
Hundred Isl. House "
Pearl Point House.. "
Hoiicon Pavilion.. "
Iluh tCs Hotel, HulcfCs Land'g
Sab'th H'y Pt. Ho. Sabbath Hay
Phmnlx Hotel. .. .Hague Point
Bay View House ... ' **
Trout House **
Hillside House "
Roger's Rock Ho., RogerV R.'k
100
100
400
80
80
150
100
100
24
50
20
a')
40
125
103c
HUDSOK RIVER ROUTE.
LAKE CHAMPLAIN ROUTE.
Going north the traveler diverges from the old line of the Renss»
laer and Saratoga Railroad at Whitehall, to the railroad, com¬
pleted in 1876, on the west side of Lake Champlain. The Charaplain
Division of the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co. 's R. R. runs from
Whitehall to Rouse's Point, a distance of 122 miles, and now forms
the chief route via the D. and H. Canal Co.'s Line from New York
and Albany to Montreal. Drawing-room cars are run from New
York through to Montreal without change, and in less time than
by any other route.
The railway runs from W hitehall through Fort Ticonderoga,
Crown Point, Port Henry, Westport, where stages connect for Eliza-
bethtown, Essex, Port Kent, Plattsburgh, West Chazy, to Rouse's
Point, and thence by Grand Trunk Line to St. John's, Victoria
Bridge, and Montreal. These places are described more at length
hereafter.
At Fort Ticonderoga, in summer the tourist has the choice of the
Railroad Route, or the more delightful trip on Lake Champlain, on
•the elegant steamers of the Champlain Transportation Co., which
run from Ticonderoga to Plattsburgh, touching at Burlington and
other landings on the Lake.
At Fort Ticonderoga, the tourist wishing to make the Lake George
trip will take the branch R. R. to Baldwin, 4 miles distant, thence
by Lake George steamer up the Lake to Caldwell. From Caldwell
the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. runs south to Glen's
Palls, Port Edward, Saratoga, and points south.
Prom Plattsburgh a branch railway runs to Ausable Forks.
TheChateaugay R R. runs to Dannemora, Blooniingdale, and Saranac
Lake, where stages connect with other parts of the Adirondacks.
The trip on Lake Champlain is very delightful. The elegant and
commodious steamers ; the pure, bracing, and healthful atmosphere,
t the ever-varying and ever-beautiful landscape, embracing on the cast
the verdant Green Mountains the rich farms and quiet villages of
Vermont, on the west the rugged lofty summits of the Adirondacks,
and, between them—now nan'ow and stream-like, again expansive,
but ever placid—the long and beautiful lake,—these all combine to
make the Lake Champlain route very charming to the tourist.
104
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
The railroad route from Whitehall is past Chub's Dock, Dresden,
and Putnam, three unimportant stations between Whitehall and
Fort Ticonderoga. The R. R. runs on the west side of the lake.
FORT TICONDEROGA.
Tieonder«ga, Essex Co., N. Y., 24 m. fr. Whitehall; 247 m.fr. N. Y.
Hotels—Burleigh's, and Pamlion.
At this point the traveler going north by the lake route, takes the
splendid steamers of the Cham plain Transportation Co.; or, if he
wishes to visit Lake George, will take the branch R. R. to Baldwin
Station, five miles distant, and thence the steamers on that lake.
" Fort Ti " is a favorite resort for summer tourists, and is full of
historic interest. The old fort, on the high bluff near the steamboat
wharf, is in a dilapidated condition, but enough remains of its
ruined bastions to make it a most interesting subject for the study
of those who revere the memory of our early days as a nation.
Ticonderoga is a corruption of the Indian name Tisinondrosa.
meaning " the tail of the lake," and referring to the narrow portion
of the lake south of this point. The French were the first to fortify
Ticonderoga. They built a fort therein 17.55, and named it Carillon.'
The same year it was strongly garrisoned, and was held by them
until 1759. In 1758, General Abercrombie sailed down Lake George
from Fort William Henry, and attacked Carillon with a force of
17,000 British regulars and provincials. He was repulsed with a
loss of 2,000 killed and wounded ; Lord Howe, his second in com¬
mand, being among the killed. The battle-ground is passed on the
rail route between the two lakes, and the disposition of the forces in
the battle can be ascertained by inquiring of residents. In 1759,
General Amherst advanced a.gainst the fort with a force of 12,000
men, regulars and militia, and the French were obliged to abandon
it. It was greatly strengthened by the English, and was held by
them until 1775, when, on Miiy lOlh, Ethan Allen and his Green
Mountain Boys surprised and captured it. (The centennial of this
event was celebrated with appropriate exercises and much enthu¬
siasm.) On Burgoyne's advance down the Hudson, in 1777, it again
fell into British hands, and w.as oceu[)ied by them until Burgoyne's
surrender to Gates, in October of that year. Ticonderoga is at, the '
mouth of the outlet of Lake George, and trains run to that lake. '
LAKK CIIAMPLAIN EOUTE.
LAKE CHAMPLAIN.
No name can be found more aptly describing this beautifal lak«
than that which was given it by the Indians who once dwelt
along its shores. To them it was " The Gate of the Country,"
and was as important in their rude warfare as it afterward proved
to be when England and France expended life and treasure in
fighting for its possession. To us it is known by the name of Its
discoverer, Samuel Charaplain, who, in order to gain the friend
ship of the Hurons and Algonquins, joined them, with two of
his companions, in a warlike expedition against the Iroquois.
Chumplain named the hake St. Sacrement, and straightway pro
ceeded to inaugurate the long series of conflicts which have taken
place along the shores.
The first account that we have of Lake Champlain is the his-
toiy of Chainplain's warlike expedition against the Iroquois ; and
from that time until the close of the last war with England the
lake was often the scene of conflicts between Indians, French,
English, and Americans. The most important battle was that of
Plattsbnrg, which took jilace on September 11, 1814. The
Auierican and British fleets were en,-aged in a fierce fight on the
lake, while their respective armies were at the same time in action
on shore, close at hand. This double combat ended in the total
defeat of the British, and was one of the most hotly contested
battles of the war.
During the "Old French War," while France still held pos¬
session of the Canadas, the English maintained garrisons along
the shores of the lako and flotillas on the water. These two
great European Powers brought their ancient feuds across the
Atlantic with them, and the horrors of a desultory warfare were
increased by the barbarities perpetrated by the Indian allies of
both parties. Crown Point and Ticonderog.a are both famous,
the latter as the site of the old fort, which Ethan Allen and his
brave Green Mountain Boys captured with its British garrison.
Valcour Island, a few miles south of Plattsburg, is near the
scene of Arnold's disastrous engagement with the British, in
1776. That officer then stood high in public estimation, and on
this occasion fully sustained his reputation for skill and bravery,
^ lOfi
LAKE CHAMPLAIN EOUTE.
in covering the retreat of his flotilla. The battles of Benningtok
and Hubbardstoii and the line of Burgoyne's march, were all
on or near the shores of Lake Cbamplain, and add a never-dying
interest to the magnificent scenery which surrounds it.
Lake Champlain is 150 miles long, and varies in width from a
few hundred yards to thirteen miles. Its waters are clear, deep,
and well stocked with fish of various kinds. In the spring
and fall thousands of wild ducks make this their feeding-ground,
and the wild lands west of the lake abound in game.
Large quantities of lumber are siiipped through this lake,
Burlington being the chief mart on the shores.
The Champlain Transportation Company's splendid largo
steamers make one round trip daily in connection with the B. E.
trains, through the lake from Ticonderoga to Flattsburg and in-
termediate landings.
CBOWN POINT.
Crown Point, Essex Co., N. Y., 358 mUes from JVeie York.
Hotels—Gunnuon's and Crown Point.
The village of Crown Point is about one mile west of the land¬
ing. It has a population of about 3,000, is one of the starting-
points for hunters and tourists entering the Adirondack region
Iron mines are worked iu the rocky mountains around the vil¬
lage. Across the lake is Bridport, Vt.
As we proceed north on our journey, and before we reach
Port Henry, we pass Crown Point, a high promontory, on which
is a I ght-house and the ruins of Fort Frederick built by the
French in 1731, but which was captured by the English in 1759.
It fell into the hands of the Americans under Ethan Allen, at the
same time and under the same circumstances as did Fort Ticon¬
deroga. West of this point lies Bullwagga Bay, and south of the
bay is the high rocky mountain of the same name. The lake
widens at this point to a width of about two miles.
POET HENKY.
Moriah, Essex Co., N. Y, 265 miles from New York.
This is a very pleasant and picturesque village—the scenery of
the mountains in its vicinity being exceedingly beautiful. The
107
CATHEDRAL ROCK, AU SABLE CHASM, N. T.
LAKK CHAMPLAIN KOUTE.
Port Henry Iron Works, distinctly seen as we pass, are quite e*
tensive. Iron mines abound, and are largely worked, just aest
of the village. After leaving Port Henry the views of the Adi¬
rondack Mountains to the westward and of the Green Mountaiu
range to the eastward are very grand. On the west the mos^
prominent elevation is Bald Peak.
WESTFOBT.
Wextport^ Essex Co., N. Y., 375 miles from New York.
This is one of the chief points of departure from the lake ti>
the Adirondacks. Stages convey passengers from here to Eliza-
bethtown, Keene, Lake Placid, Saranac, and points in their vicin¬
ity. It is a very pleasantly located village on the west shore of
the lake. The iron business is carried on extensively in the
towns west of this, and much iron and ore are shipped from this
port. Elizabethtown, a few miles west, has extensive works.
As we leave Westport, going north, the lake narrows again as
we proceed, and opposite its narrowest part are the ruins of Fort
Casson, named in honor of an ofScer of McDonough's fleet.
It is situated at the mouth of Otter Creek, where was formerly
a steamboat landing for the city of Vergennes. The creek is
navigable for eight miles, as far as Vergennes, where McDonough
fitted out his fleet.
On the west is Split-Rock Mountain, and at its north end is a
lighthouse. Near the mountain and light the lake is 399 feet deep.
The views from the steamer, as it passes north of Split-Bock
Mountain, are wide and extremely beautiful. The mountain
peaks of the Green Mountains on the east and the Adirondacks
on the west appear in sublime outline and grandeur.
ESSEX.
Essex, Essex Co., N. Y., 387 miles from New York.
The village is romantically situated at the foot of the hills
which render the whole western shore so picture.'que. Essex is
one of the points on the lake whence hunters take their depar¬
ture for the Adirondacks.
The islands which lie in the middle lake, a few miles north of
Essex, are the Four Brothers.
108
Lake Dunmore house
AND COTTAGES.
U.K. jiiid Express Station, liiiANDON, Vt, I*usi < Hlii-o, S.vijsisuia, .
l^>stal Telkhkaph ()ffu;e in the Jlorsi:.
Accommodations for 250 Guests. Elevation, 800 Feet.
This House, sitnat<'(l in tlie town of Salisbury, on tlio iMl«re ol' Lakt-
iMiniiioru, is one of the most popular n-sortsof thodrcoii M<»untai[is. its
li)Ciiri<ui mnnot bo oxoolloH, situatoH <ui a lino, yontly sloi)imr lawn, soinr
two hundrod foot from tlu' lako, and ofpailly distant fnmi tiio laruc i>im
yrovo on tlic west. >Vid<' verandas on tfiree sides, and projoetinji" tow< i>>,
ifivu 11 cozy, hoinoliko elfoet.
The Hotel bus a frontayo toward the pine yrovo (►f two liundro<l liol,
and a lake frontayo of tlu» same length, thus making: all rooms equally
•hsirahlo. The house is widl turiilshod and lias all the appointments of a
tiiM-i'lass hot<'l. An e.vteiisive laundr> is eoniu'ctod with the house l(n* the
nnivonionee of jruests.
The Cottages are i>rotorreil by many of our g'uosts, ludng" oeeupied mostl>
'o iKU tios who reg-ularly pass tlu-ir summers at Dunmoro.
The Cuisine is unexeeptionable—a special feature is an abumlant su]ipl.v
«'f pure Alderney milk from the farm; also our (lardoi, sui)pl>ing- fre.-h
U'getahle^.
The incomparable beauties of Lake Dunmore a mountain a miU' »nid a
«l>i:nter wide b>' live mill's in hniirtli, an<l the lake, reinarkaldi' heaith-givlnir
]>ro|M»itios of tiiis mouiitaiJH)US pine region — are bec<)miug" whUdy kmovn
and u|i|ireciat(Ml.
The Air is pure and di*y, voi<l (d* dampness or fog". The Soil is sandy and
porous. There are no mosfjuitoes, griats or othei* objectionable inseets.
Boating is a bivorite pastime, and the Boat Equipment is the fini'sl in New
England. The bouts are lig"ht, saf<' and easy, and eaii beengag:ed by the w<'ek
or season.
Among the Amusements are e.xcellent ?n'<»o/r and lu/ic /uTHurd.s.
fetiuiit am) vrinivei on the lawn, ami haihiiuj in t)a' lake. The stable
i?* complete in tine horses, both smldle ami driving", witli all styles of turnouts
at moderattj jn-ices.
Orchestra entire season. For ileseriptiN e eiiculai*, ad<lress
CAPON & PJERCE, Proprietors, SALISBURY, Vt.
LAKE rHAJIl'LAIN ROUTE.
BURLINGTON.
Chilfenden Co., TV., iiOS miles from New Yorlx. rojndution,
14,5t)0. Hotels— Van Ness, American, and Hotel Burlington.
The city of Burbngton is debghtfuUy situated on the hillside,
which rises from the lake shore, and commands an nninter.
rupted view of the historic Lake Champlain and the Green
Mourtain range. In the centre of the city is a large public
sqtiare, near which are the custom-house, city and county
buildings, banks and other business offices. The Iletcher
Free Library, which contains 14,000 volumes, is located in
City Hall Park. The Howard Opera House, at the comer of
Bank and Church Streets, was erected by John P. Howard,
Esq., at an expense of $125,000, and is one of the most beau¬
tiful public haUs in this country. The University of Ver¬
mont stands on the hill overlooking the city. From the dome
of the chief building an extensive and very beautiful view may
be obtained, including the ranges of the Adirondack and Green
mountains, while Lake Champlain, with its bays and islands,
stretches north and south, as far as the eye can reach. The
large island in front of Burlington is Juniper Island. To the
south of this may be seen Hock Dunder, which is said to have
excited the suspicions of the British commodore, while cruising
here during the war with England, to such an extent that he
opened fire ujion it. The University Library contains about
20,000 volumes; the Park Gallery of Art contains a choice collec¬
tion of paintings, statuary, etc., and the Museum contains over
80,000 sijecimens. On the spacious park in front of the Univer¬
sity is the bronze statue of Lafayette, the work of the sculptor
John Q. A. Ward, and the gift of Mr. John P. Howard. The
Medical College, north of and under the direction of the Univer¬
sity, is also the gift of Mr. Howard. It cost $00,000. Back of
the University is the Mary Fletcher Hospital—a free institution,
built and endowed by the lady whose name it bears, at an ex¬
pense of a quarter of a million of dollars. Near by is Green
Mountain Cemetery, in which is the Ethan Allen Monument,
erected by the State over the spot where the Revolutionary
hero's remains are buried. It consists of a granite shaft., forty-
two feet in height, on which is an heroic marble statue of Ethan
Allen, the work of the sculptor, Peter Stephenson.
109
AUSABLK UHASM.
LAKE CHAMPLAIN KOUTE.
Tlie Uotel Burlington is a cosy, new, and beautifully a[>f)oiiilcd
hotel, and is conducted in strictly lirst-class style. The tourist
will liiid here all the comforts and conveniences of other hotels
at less rates. Its location is the finest, being directly opposite
the Public Park and Buildings, and commands a fine view of
Lake Champlain and the Adirondack Mountains, and is in the
center of the many points of interest around this historic city.
Mr. A. J. Boynton is the manager.
In the n(jrth part of the city are Battery Park, the Retreat for
the Insane, the Roman Catholic Hospital and Convent, Lake
View Cemetery and Episcopal Institute. Near here is the Ethan
Allen homestead ; a romantic cave, called " Devil's Den," which
is connected with the story of Ethan Allen's life ; and Lookout
Roek, from which a view of surpassing beauty may be obtained.
South of the city is the Home for Destitute Children ; Howard
Park, where a great fair and mechanical exposition is annually
held ; and the Queen City Park, a favorite picnic resort.
The drives along the Wiiiooski River are beautiful. A few
miles east is High Bridge—a picturesque and attractive lo¬
cality.
The general offices of the Champlain Transportation Co. are on
the steamboat wharf near the railroad station. From Burlington
tourists go to the White Mountains and Mt. Mansfield by raiL
Tourists can leave Burlington in the morning, cross the lake,
visit Au Sable Chasm and return to Burlington the same day.
FOBT KENT.
Chesterfield, Essex Co., N. Y., 313 mites from New York.
Port Kent is on the west shore of Lake Champlain, near tte
mouth of the Au Sable River.
All liable Cliasiii, on the Au Sable River, three miles dis¬
tant and midway between Port Kent and Keeseville, can now
be reached by rail from Port Kent. Connections are made with
all trains on the Delaware & Hudson Canal Co.'s R. R. and
with steamers on Lake Champlain. About a mile from Keese¬
ville the Au Sable River makes a leap of 20 feet into a serai-cir¬
cular basin of great natural beauty. A mile further on are th«
Birmingham Palls, 150 feet high. Horse Shoe Falls ate nearlj
110
ENTRANCE TO THE EETJME, AF RABI.E CnASM, N. T
LAKK CHAMPLAIN ROUTE.
opposite the entrance to the Chasm. Following the river, now
rapidly narrowing, deepening, and foaming, we shortly come
to the Chasm. The river is here encased in a channel from 5 to
10 feet wide, whose walls rise abruptly from 100 to 200 feet.
The entire scenery is wild beyond description. Lateral fissures,
deep and narrow, project from the main ravine at nearly right
angles. Through one of these crevices the abyss is reached from
the " Lodge," by a stairway of 212 steps. The entire mass of
the walls is formed of laminee of sandstone rock, laid in such
regular and precise order by the hand of nature as to produce the
effect of a grand architectural ruin. From the fissures of these
walls pines and cedars project, and, flinging their dark branches
out over the Chasm, add to the wildness of a scene which rivals
in beauty the famed Gorge du Trient of Switzerland. The trip
through the Chasm is one of intense interest, and a half day
should be given to it, but it can be made in two or three hours.
Lake View House, which was burned on June 10, 1891, was
rebuilt and opened for business in 1892. It is located near the
entrance to Ausable Chasm, on a high plateau overlooking Lake
Champlain. The hotel and the several cottages connected with
it accommodate 100 guests. The service and cuisine are first-
class in all respects, and the price for board is very moderate,
being only $2.50 per day. Lake View House omnibuses meet all
trains and will convey guests direct to Chasm entrance (distance
one-third of a mile from R.R. station), or to the hotel. No other
hotel carriages are allowed on the grounds of the Chasm. Guests
of the Lake View House are allowed privileges connected with
the Chasm that others do not enjoy, such as free admission after
the first payment, the use of cameras, etc. The hotel and Chasm
are both conducted by W. H. Tracy, Projirietor.
At Keeseville is a good hotel, the Adirondack House. Thence
one can drive to Paul Smith's, Bartlett's, Miller's, Saranac Lake,
and other houses on the Saranac.
P'rom Au Sable Forks a road leads into the mountains ihrough
the famous Wilmington Notch, to North Elba and Lake Placid.
Upon the hill just above the lake is a fine old stone house, where
live the descendants of Colonel Elkanah Watson, the founder of
the first agricultural society of New York. In 1777, the year of
111
THE FLUME, AU SABLE CHASM, N. V.
LAKE CHAMPLAIK ROUTE.
Burgoyne's surrender, Colonel Watson, then aged 17, made a tour
through the country, and wrote a very interesting and accurate
account ot his experiences. This account forms one of our most
valuable histories of those Revolutionary times.
BLUFF POINT.
Three miles south of Plattsburg is the station for the Hotel
Champlain, situated on Bluff Point on the western shore of Lake
Chaniplain, and commanding a magnificent view of the lake and
the Adirondack and Green Mountains. In construction, furnish¬
ing and cuisine, and in the extent and beauty of the views from its
piazzas, this hotel e(|uals any in the worhl. The northern tour
is not complete without a visit to this most attractive resort.
All trains and lake steamboats stop at the hotel. The Post
Office address is Hotel Champlain, Clinton Co., N. Y.
PLATTSBUBe.
Plattsburg, Clinton Co., N. Y., 328 m. fr. If. Y.; 63/r. Montreal.
Hotels—FougueVs and Witlierell's.
Plattsburg is situated at the mouth of Saranac River, on a pla¬
teau some fifty feet above the level of the lake. R has about
10,000 inhabitants, and is in every respect a ffourishing place.
It is the county town of Clinton County, and contains the usual
buildings for judicial purposes. The U. S. Government has bar¬
racks and keeps a garrison here. The Saranac River furnishes
water-power for several mills.
Plattsburg is the most important point of departure from Lake
Champlain, and the main line of the Delaware & Hudson Canal
Company's R. R. for the northern part of the Adirondacks.
The Chatcaugay R. R. runs from Plattsburgh, 73 miles west and
south, to Saranac Lake. At Plattsburgh it connects with the Del.
& Hud. Canal Co.'s R. R., and Lake Champlain steamers; at Cady-
ville, with stages for Bedford, Clayburgh, and Moffitsville;atLoon
Lake, with the Adirondack & St. I.ajvrencc R. R.,and stages for
Loon Lake House ; at Bloomingdale, with stages for Paul Smith's
and Crystal Spring House ; at Saranac Lake, with Saranac & Lake
Placid R. R., and with stages for all Saranac Lake hotels.
112
LAKE CnAMPLAm ROUTE.
Steamers touch daily at the wharves of Plattsburgh, conveying
passengers to various places on the shores of Lake Champlain.
Plattsburgh is not only an important business center, but a place
of great historical interest. It is distinguished as the scene of the
victory of Macdonough and Macomb over the British naval and
land forces under Commodore Downie and Sir Ueorge Provost,
known as the battle of Plattsburgh.
Beyond the Cumberland Bay is Macdonough's Point, just in¬
side of which, in September, 1814, was anchored the American
fleet, awaiting the attack of the British, while on shore lay the
two hostile armies, watching one another, and ready at any mo¬
ment for either attack or defense. Commodore Macdonough com¬
manded the American fleet, and Commodore Downie the British.
The land forces were commanded by General Macomb on the
American side, and General Provost on the British. The British
fleet had 1,000 men and 95 guns. The Americans, 880 men and
86 guns. On shore, the Americans had one brigade of regulars
and several thousand militia, and the British had about 14,000
men. The battle was opened on the water by a shot from the
American vessel Eagle, and very soon the engagement became
general. The roar of artillery was heard far off in Vermont, and
a long distance down the lake. The fight lasted with the great¬
est fury for two hours and a half. Commodore Macdonough with
his own hands sighted one of his guns, from time to time,
throughout the action, and after one battery of his flag-ship, the
U. S. frigate Saratoga, had been disabled by the superior artillery
of the Confiance, her adversary, she was swung round, so as to
bring her other battery to bear. This decided the fight, for the
British ship was soon compelled to surrender, and the victory was
soon after rendered complete by the surrender of the remaining
ships. The British gunboats alone, being worked with sweeps,
effected an escape.
On shore the assaults of the British were repelled, and when it
was seen that the day was lost on the lake, General Provost re¬
treated from the field, leaving the Americans victorious by land
and water. In one of the houses of Plattsburg is still to be seen
a twelve-pound shot which entered the house during the engage¬
ment and lodged in the wall over the staircase, where it has re¬
mained ever since.
• 113
SKNIINEL ANW lAlSIA'. ItOCK, AU SABLii CUASII,
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS.
THE ADIRONBACKS.
"The Great Wilderness of northeastern New York is generally
inowaas ' The North Woods,' or as ' The Adirondacks,' according to
he view taken of its surface. The former title indicates merely a
did, densely wooded region ; the latter, a region occupied by all the
aried scenery pertaining to a most remarkable lake and mountain
ystem."
This wild region of dense forests, majestic mountains, magnificent
tkes,snd beautiful rivers, lies in the counties of Herkimer, Hamilton,
jewis,St. Lawrence, Clinton, Franklin, and Essex, and aggregates
Iter 3,500,000 acres—a tract of land of an area of nearly 100 miles
qosra. This region is the only primitive hunting and fishing ground
dt within any reasonable distance of New York City, and offering, as
t does, rare health-restoring qualities, combined with excellent deer
iuntiog, and the best brook and lake trout fishing accessible, is yearly
sstly increasing the number of its visitors.
The whole Adirondack region is intersected and diversified by a net-
rorkof lakes and streams, which render it picturesque and beautiful
1 an almost unequaled degree. Those systems of water communi-
ition afford very convenient means of transit for hunters and pleas-
rc-se^ers, the lakes being connected by streams, in some cases
avigable for bateaux, and in others broken by falls and rapids around
'hich boats and luggage must be carried. Iron is found in large
quantities among the mountains, and some of the most accessible beds
ioreare profitably worked. Valuable marble is also found.
S The Adirondack Wilderness may be diviiled into three general di¬
visions, which collectively entertain the great bulk of visitors, and are
.spresentative of the whole, namely, the Saranac and St. Regis waters
>f Franklin County, whose natural gateway is Plattsburg; the moun-
jiin region of Keene, North Elba, and Lake Placid, in Essex County,
jfith entrance at Westport or by Chateaugay Railroad to Saranac Lake ;
:Mi<i the Blue Mountain and Raquette waters, in Hamilton County,
I sucked by the Adirondack Railroad from Saratoga. Each section,
fhile posse.ssing something of the characteristics of the others, has
h own individual attractions ; and while connected by natural high-
fuys, to a considerable extent, all preserve their individuality, and
•ch is complete in itself.
The wilderness is easily reached by several different routes, partly by
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS,
carriage-roads and partly by boats, which will convey the tourist t
almost any part of the woods. The favorite route to the woods is froi
Plattsburg by the Chateaugay Railroad to Lyon Mountain, Loon Lakt
Bloomingdale, and Saranac Lake. Thence by boats and " carries
penetrate to the heart of the wilderness.
The railroads from Plattsburg to Saranac Lake and to Au Sabk
opposite Point of Rocks, on the Au Sable River, ten miles west o
Keesevillc, make Plattsburg a natural rendezvous on the east for visil
ors to either the Saranac or Chateaugay region.
For a general course for a stage or carriage trip through the northen
section we indicate the route via Whiteface Mountaiu, up the wes
branch of the Au Sable River from Au Sable Forks, stopping at White
face to ascend the mountain, from the top of which most splendk
views are afforded of Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, Nipple Top, anc
the whole range of Adirondacks. Sixty-four different bodies of wate
—lakes, ponds, and rivers—are said to be visible by the naked ey
from this summit, and, with the aid of a glass. Lake Ontario and th
White Mountains can be seen.
There is a hotel near the foot of the mountain at Wilmington. B;.
this route the traveler will pass a natural flume and the falls on th
Au Sable River, and go through the " Wilmington Pass," a deep am
very narrow gorge, with mountains several hundred feet high towerin)
almost perpendicularly on both sides. i
Prom Whiteface the route continues to North Elba, the home am
burial-place of John Brown, whose exploits are known to all Amcri
cans. From North Elba the stages will turn from the branch of thi
Au Sable and pass over to Lower Saranac Lake, distant by this roub
22 miles from Whiteface and 12 miles from North Elba. The travelei
can pause at I.^ke Placid and explore the region of the Upper Adiron
dacks, among which are Mount Mclntyre, Wallface, Mount Martin
Mount Marcy, Mount Seward, and a host of other peaks of great ele
vation. A number of these peaks are over 5,000 feet in height—Moimi
Marcy is said to be 5,467 feet. The Adirondack or Indian Pass, 7 mile
above Lake Placid, is a most majestic natural wonder, and well repays
the toil of its difficult approach. Passing over to Lower Saranac Lakt
the traveler will find several hotels and excellent accommodation for t
rest preparatory to the tour of the lakes. From this point the route k
by water up through the Saranac chain of lakes. Between the Saranat
116
Adirondack Mountains.
The Stevens House,
Lake Placid, Essex Co., N. Y.
THE STEVENS HOUSE is 3,063 feet above tide, overlooks Lake
Placid on one side and Mirror Lake on the other. It has the
FINEST LOCATION
and commands the grandest and most extensive view of any Hotel
in the Adirondacks.
The Four Highest Peaks in the State are
Visible and Accessible from this Point.
It is finished in hardwood throughout, with carved wood
furniture. All front rooms. The smallest sleeping rooms are
12x16 feet, and have two windows each. Electric light and bells
•kroughout. Best 40-lb. hair mattresses and wire springs on every
bed. Diagram of house on application. Rates, $3.50 and $4.00 per
day; special for the season.
APPLY FOR tNFORMATION TO
J. A. & G. A. STEVENS, Lake Placid, N. Y.
ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS.
and the St. Regis Lakes there are but two portages, and at these horset
are kept, in the tourit season, for transporting parties across.
'i'he passage of the lakes may be prolonged to enjoy the fishing and
hunting, and by detours among the innumerable lakes, ponds, and
streams, according to the leisure or inclination of the tourist, and on
arriving at the Lower St. Regis a stage-ride of a few miles from the
hotel there brings the traveler to the Chateaugay Railroad at Bloom-
ingdale.
Prom the Upper Saranac Lake a portage of three miles reaches the
Raquette River, down which the traveler may find his way through
the wilderness to Potsdam, in St. Lawrence County.
West of the St. Regis are the innumerable lakes emptying into the
St. Regis River, abounding with fish and fowl, and forests alive with
deer and other game; and to the northward for 20 miles stretches an¬
other chain of lakes equally attractive to sportsmen, turning from
which one may emerge at Malone, at the north.
Or bearing eastward from Loon Lake one may descend the West
Saranac and Saranac Rivers, viewing the Great Falls above Saranac
Village, and thence reach Flattsburg.
Still further north lies the Chateaugay region, which is accessible
from Flattsburg via Dannemora and Chazy Lake by the Chateaugay
Railroad, or from points on the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlaiu
Railroad.
The Adirondack region is steadily growing in favor as a resort for
persons afflicted with throat and lung troubles; and while it is not by
any means a sure cure for all, however deeply seated the diseases may
have become, yet if persons so afflicted will go there in time, they will
find the pure air, impregnated as it is with balsam and pine, to be of
infinite relief. Many living witnesses are there found to prove its bene¬
fits. Places of entertainment, from the well-appointed hotel on the
border to the rude log-house and open camp of the interior, are found
at short intervals throughout the entire wilderness, all waiting with
open doors to receive the stranger. Guides and boats may be had at
all the hotels. Telegraph lines extend to the principal hotels.
Camp equipage and stores and provisions for parties going into the
wilderness can be procured at these hotels, rendering it unnecessary
for visitors to burden themselves with such things before arriving at
the lakes.
117
HUDSON RIVER ROUTE.
Hotel Ampersand, Lower Saranao Lake.
Tourists should not fail to visit Lower Saranac Lake, which is
the gem of the Adiroiidacks, and .stop at tiie Hotel Ampersand.
The Ampersand is the most elegantly appointed and attractive
hotel in the Adirondack wilderness. It is situated at the north¬
erly end of Lower Saranac Lake, and its elevated position, sur¬
rounded by pines, balsams, and spruce, commands an extended
view of the lake, Ampersand Mountain, and the adjoining range,
while its nearness to the lake offers convenient opportunities for
swimming, rowing, canoeing, and sailing. It accommodates 250
guests, and is furnished with all the modern conveniences—open
fire-places, reading and writing rooms, billiard rooms, private
l)alh rooms, electric bells, gas, elevator, and steam heat. In the
basement are a play room for children, post office, barber shop
and hath room, guides' rooms, and a general store, from which
camping outfits and supplies can be obtained.
The piazzas are broad, and extend along the entire front and
ends of the house. Cottages have been erected on both sides of
the hotel, and those who desire tents for day camps or to live in
will be amply provided for. The Ampersand offers special attrac¬
tions to young people ; music afternoon and evening for danc¬
ing. tennis, hase-ball field, boating, etc. The Ampersand farm
supplies the table with fresh Jersey milk, eggs, and vegetables.
The hotel is entirely closed during the winter months, but in
the fall sca.son is es[>ecially attractive. It is open from June to
October. Those suffering from hay fever experience instant
relief in this region.
The Ampersand is reached via the New York Central and Hud¬
son River Railroad, or Hudson River steamers from New York
city, connecting at Albany and Troy with the Delaware and
Hudson Railroad to Plattsburgh and Saranac Lake, or via Utica
with the Adirondack division of the New York Central Railroad.
Wagner sleeping and parlor cars run through via Utica direct
to Saranac Lake.
Prices for board, $5 per day. Special rates by the week or month.
For rates, time-tables, illustrated circulars, and information,
address C. M. Eaton, manager. Ampersand, Franklin Co., N. Y.
CHATEAUGAY RAILROAD
Best Route to the Adirondacks.
Chazy Lake, Bloom ingdale,
Chateaugay Lake, Saranac Lake,
Loon Lake, and Lake Placid.
Three Trains each way between Plattsburgh and Saranac Lake.
TRAINS BOUND EAST.
DISTANCE
BETWEEN STATIONS.
STATIONS.
DISTANCE FROM
PLATTSBURGH.
TRAINS BOUN
I WEST.
FIRST OLASS.
FIRST CLASS.
6
4
2
1
3
5
1
DAILY, j
1 DAILY
EXCEPT
1 SUNDAY.
DAILY
EXCEPT
SUNDAY.
j DAILY.
DAILY
EXCEPT
SUNDAY.
DAILY
EXCEPT
SUNDAY.
V. M.
P.M.
p. M.
A. M.
P.M.
P.M.
8.4.5
6.00
12.05
Ar. PUTTSBDRGH Lv.
5.45
1.00
7.15
8.29
£5.42
11.49
FREYDENBURGH FALLS
5.50
1.05
7.20
f 8.24
s.5.37
£11.44
8.17
MORRISONVILLE
8.17
£6.05
sl.20
£7.35
S8.15
S5.28
sll.35
3.51
CADYVILLE
11.68
£6.14
sl.30
£7.44
S8.02
S5.15
sll.22
5.60
DANNEMORA
17.28
s6.32
sl.48
S8.02
£7.51
s5.02
£11.11
4.68
RUSSIA
21.96
£6.42
sl.59
£8.12
£7.37
£4.45
£10.57
6.50
CHAZY LAKE
28.46
£6.55
£2.13
£8.25
s7.24
S4.30
slO.44
5.47
LYON MOUNTAIN
33.93
s7.14
s2.33
s8.44
£7.07
s4.08
slO.27
4.63
STANDISH
38.56
£7.26
s2.47
£8.56
£7.01
£4.01
£10.21
2.27
TWIN PONDS
40.83
£7.30
£2.52
£9.00
£ 6.50
£3.50
£10.10
6.23
WOLF POND
47.06
£7.42
£3.07
£9.12
£ 6.42
£3.42
£10.02
2.22
PLUMADORE
49.28
£7.46
£3.12
£9.16
s 6.30
S3.30
S9.50
4.68
LOON LAKE
53.96
s8.02
s3.30
s9.33
£6.17
£3.17
£9.37
4.00
LAKE KUSHAQUA
57.96
£8.15
£3.40
£9.45
£6.10
£3.09
£9.30
2.98
RAINBOW
60.94
£8.21
£3.46
£9.51
£ 6.02
£3.02
£9.22
3.06
VERMONTVILLE
64.00
£8.30
£3.55
£10.00
s 5.56
s2.56
s9.16
2.40
6L00M1NGDALE
66.40
s8.34
s4.08
slO.04
5.40
2.40
9.00
6.42
Lv. SARANAC LAKE Ar.
72.82
8.50
4.25
10.20
p. M.
p. M.
A. M.
A. M.
p. M.
P.M.
f—Stops on signal, s—Stops.
Parlor Cars through to Lake Placid on all trains.
J. N. STOWER, W. W. CONAUQHTY,
General Manager, Superintendent,
Plattsburgh, N, Y, Piattsburgh, N. V.
THE RUISSEAUMONT
AT LAKE PLACID.
This modern Hotel is situated on a bluff overlooking- Lake Placid and Mirror Lake,
and is surrounded by woods, thus making it strictly a forest Hotel.
RATES, S4..00 PER DAY. OPEN JUNE 1 st TO OCTOBER 1 st. SPECIAL BY THE SEASON.
T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ, Manager,
Lake Placid. N.Y.
Pust-olficf ami Toi
THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS.
The Shortest ai)d Quickest Railroad and Stage Routes.
Get you tickets via ALBANY, TROY, AND SARATOGA SPRINGS. These
points are reached from Nfiw Yokk via Day or Night Steamboats on the Hudson
River and tlie New York Central and Hudson River, or the West Shore RnilwayK.
From BOSTON and NEW ENGLAND, take Boston and Albany, Hoosac Tunnel
or other Railways leading to Albany or Troy or Saratoga.
From SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND, the Hartford and Connecticut Western,and
New York, New England Railways h^ad to the Hndson River and connect with Newj
York Centra), or West Shore Railways and Day Boats for Albany, Troy, and Saratoga.
From the WEST and SOUTHWEST, by the Erie Railway via Blnghamton or via
the West Shore or New York Central Railroad.
From ALBANY or TROY, take the Delaware and Hudson Canal Co.'s Railroad lo^!
either of the following
GATEWAYS.
From PLATTSBURG, take the Chateaugay Railroad to Lyon Mountain, 36
miles to Ralph'son upper Chateaugay Lake, and Saraiiac Lake.
THE CHATEAUGAY RAILWAY CONNECTIONS ARE
At PLATTSBUFiG—D. & H. R. R. and Champlain Steamers;
At CADYVILLE—Stages for Moffitsvillc, Redford, Saranac and Clayburgh ;
At CHAZY LAKE—Steamer for Chazy Lake House;
At LYON MOUNTAIN—Stage for MerrilTs; ' .
At LOON LAKE—Stage for Loon Lake House ; A. and SL L. R'y.;
At RAINBOW—Stage for Rainbow Lake House;
At BLOOMINGDALE—Crystal Spring House and Big Clear Pond House, On and
after June 1st, Stages for Paul Smith's ;
At SARANAC LAKE—Stages for Saranac Inn, all Lake Placid Hotels, and Boate
for Saranac Club, Wawbeek Lodge, and Rustic Lodge.
Prom PORT KENT. A Railway connects for Au Sable Chasm, whence stages run
to Keefeville, 3 miles, and Au Sable Station, 14 miles, where connection is made for
points in the Adirondacks.
Prom WESTPORT stages run to Elizabethtown, 8 miles, from all trains and
Champlain Steamers. From Elizabethtown a daily line of stages is run, or convey-'
ance may be taken, for Keenc Valley, 17 miles ; Edmond's Pond^ 19 miles; Schroon
Lake, 32 miles ; Luke Placid, 28 miles ; Saranac Lake, 43 miles.
From Elizabethtown delightrnl trips are made into the Mountain region, throu^
Keeue Valley via Indian Pass, and to Au Sable Pond, one of the most beautiful spots
in the Wilderness, also via North Elba, Lake Placid, and Wilmirgton Notch, passing
immediately under tlie shadow of Wliiteface and Haystack Mountains, and out at An
Sable Station, or return to Elizabethtown.
From CROWN POINT, take Crown Point Iron Co.'s Railroad to Hanimondvillc,
10 miles, whence stages run to Paradox Lake, 9 miles, and Schroon Lake, 12 miles.
From SARATOGA via Adirondack Company's Railroad. Trains leave Saratoga
twice daily for Luzerne, 22 miles ; Riverside, 50 miles ; and North Creek, 57 miles.
Stages leave Riverside from all trains, to Schroon Lake, 7 miles. Thence by steamer
to all landings to head of the lake. Stages and private conveyances leave North
Creek on arrival of all trains, for Blue Mountain Lake, 30 miles. Steamers from Blue,
Mountain Lake twice daily to Raqucttc Lake and by carry of I mile to Forked Laka
HOTELS IN THE ADIRONDACKS.
RESORT.
CAP.
Kue Mountain Lake.. Blue Mountain L)\ke House..
.. Blue Mountain House
" .. Prospect House
Chateaugay Lake Ralph's
" . ... MerrilPs
" Indian Point House
Cascade Lakes Cascade Lake House
Klizabethtowu The Windsor
" Mansion House
" Valley House
Forked Lake Forked Lake House
Keene Valley Estes House
Tahawus House
" Maple Grove Mountain House
St. Hubert's Inn and Cottage.
l<ake Placid Minor Lake House
" The Whiteface Ii»n
" Grand View Hotel
" Stevens House
Lake Placid House
The Ruisseaumont
" Under Cliff
" Castle Rustico
Long Lake Long Lake Hotel
Island House
Loon Lake Loon Lake House
Massawepie Lake Childwold Park Hotel
" Gales
N. Elba, Clear Lake .. Adirondack Lodge
" .. Mountain View House
Paradox Lake Paradox Lake House
" Harris House
" Pyramid Lake House
Plattsburg Foquet House
" Cumberland
" WitherelPs
Uainbow Lake.!.... , Rainbow Lake House
llaquetle Lake Raquetto Lake House
" " Tne Hemlocks "
" The Antlers
Saranac Lake Hotel Ampersand
" Saranac Lake House
" Algonquin
" Rustic Lodge
Saranac Club House
" Wawbeck Lodge
" Saranac Inn
Bluomingdale. Crystal Spring House
'* Mountain View House
SchroonLuke Schroon Lake House
" Leland House
" Windsor House
" Ondawa
" Watch Rock Hotel
" Taylor House
Schroon River Root's Hotel
St. Regis Lake ''Paul Smith's"
Tuppcr Lake Moody's
_ " Tapper Lake House
Weed Hous^
Wilmington Stone Hotel
POST-OFPirR.
Lyon Mountain,
Cascadeville,
Elizabethtown,
Blue Mr. Lake,
Keeue Valley,
Lake Placid,
Long Lake,
Loon Lake,
Massawepie,
Childwold,
Cascadeville,
300 Blue Mt. Lake, N. Y.
80
500
1501
200
200
50«
200:
125
100
100]
35]
85
40
250
200]
100
200
300
100
250
150
60
50]
50
275]
1.501
75 «
150 <
35
50 Schroon Lake,
40 Haminondsville,
40
200 Plattsburg,
200
200
50 Rainbow.
40 Blue Mt. Lake,
CO
100
300.
200 i
100
75
100
100^
200 {
100]
200
80J
200
100
100
100.^
175'
501
350 '
50'
100
100 Weslport,
40 Wilmington,
Ampersand,
Saranac Lake,
Wawbeck,
Saranac Inn,
Bloomingdale,
Schroon Lake,
Adirondack,
Taylor's on Schroon
Schroon River,
"Paul Smith's,"
Tupper Lake,
THE MODEL OF
DECENT
AND
DIGNIFIED JOURNALISM.
THE TIMES prints full summer-resort
news from all points during the season.
Readers of THE TIMES going out of town
can have the paper mailed to them for
90 cents per month, and can change the
address as often as desired.
THE NEW YORK TIMES,
Priating House Square, - NEW YORK.
NORTHERN RESORlis.
Albiirgh Springs.
AOmrgh, Franklin Co., Vermont, 282 miles from Boston.
Alborgh is situated in the extreme northern part of Vermont, 16
ndles west of St. Albans, and 7 east of Rouse's Point, on the Central
Vetmont Railroad. It is beautifully located between Lake Champlain
tad Missisquoi Bay, and is surrounded by water on all sides, except
the northern, where, only a mile and a half from the Springs, the Can¬
ada line—marked by its iron monuments—divides the two countries.
In approaching Alburgh Station, on the Central Vermont Railroad,
from St. Albans, the traveler passes over an admirably constructed
bridge a mile long, supported by massive piers of "Isle La Motte "
limestone. A short, pleasant drive, following the lake shore, con¬
ducts to the famous Alburgh Springs House. The cool, refreshing
breezes that come up from the waters of the lake are most delightful
during the heat of summer, and the waters of the lake and bay on
either hand offer allurement to the sportsman. The climate is an anti¬
dote for asthma and catarrhal or hay fever.
Missisquoi Bay (so named by the Indians, signifying "muchwater¬
fowl ") is here about two miles wide, and teems with finny tribe
throughout its entire length of 30 miles. Pickerel, black bass and
muscalonge abound. In the late summer the bay swarms with ducks
and other water fowl. Missisquoi River, which empties into the bay
near by, is stocked with land-locked salmon and other game fish.
Good boats and experienced boatmen are to be had at all times.
The views from the springs are very charming. To the east, over
the placid waters of the Missisquoi, may be seen St. Albans, while in
the background tower Mount Mansfield, Camel's Hump, Jay Peak,
Md, further north, a long range of mountains in Canada. From a little
elevation, of easy access, there is a beautiful view across Lake Cham-
plain to Rouse's Point and the Adirondack Mountains. The gorgeous
sunsets seen from Hiis point will never be forgotten.
There is no question as to the beneficial results of the spring water,
which, with sulphur and other well-known elements, contains what is
rare in mineral springs—Lithia. For general debility, rheumatism,
and various kl ids of cutaneous diseases especially, the warm baths
and the drinking of the water of the spring are highly beneficial.
Money could not pay for the benefit to which many can bear testi¬
mony. For a century the spring has carried the weight of its own
evidence as a healing power. 194
The Hotel Windsor, Rouse's Point, N. Y.,
is open from June 10 to November 1 under tlie liberal management
of Messrs. Coon & Holliger, who have leased the hotel for a term of
years. Southern tourists will remember Mr. Coon of the Ocala House,
Ocala, Fla., and Mr. Holliger as the manager of Hart's Line of Ockla-
waha River Steamers and of The Buckingham, St. Augustine, Fla.
The Windsor is located on the banks of the beautiful and historic
Lake Champlain, in full view of the Green Mountains on one side
and the Adirondacks on the other. The house is surrounded on all
sides with large shade-trees and green lawns fringed by beautiful
flower-beds and ornamented with summer-houses and fountains, and
handsome lawn-tennis and croquet grounds. Every room looks out
on a green lawn. The sanitary arrangements are jicrfect and the
water supply the best. Every appointment is strictly first-class. The
house is lighted with gas. Open fireplaces and every convenience for
health and pleasure. There are baths and toilets on each floor. Every
room is provided with clothes-closet. The cuisine and service are
maintained at the highest standard of excellence.
The black-bass fishing is acknowledged to be the best in the State,
and pike, pickerel, yellow perch, and muskallonge are in abundance.
Old tried and true guides and boats are furnislied FREE to guests.
There are beautiful drives over hard road-beds, through the islands
of Lake Champlain, to Fort Montgomery, Alberg Springs, Roint Aufer,
Canada Line, and other interesting [)oints.
Excursions are made daily to Platt.sburg, where the largest military
post in the East is located, to witness the dress pai-ade and military
maneuvers; to the marvelous An Sable Chasm. Fort Ethan Allen, the
new United States cavalry post; to the quaint old French-Canadian
city of St. Johns, Quebec, where there is an English military post; to
the Isle of Noir, where stand t he remains of old Fort St. Valentine,
and other interesting places, by carriage, rail, and boat.
Quests here enjoy cool nights, freeclom from mosquitoes, the dry,
antiseptic air of the Adirondacks, and every comfort to be desired.
The house can be reached from New York by the New York Central
& Hudson River R.R. and by the Delaware & Hudson R.R.; Albany,
Troy, Saratoga, and Lake George by the Delaware & Hudson R.R.;
from the Thousand Islands, Alexandria Bay, Ogdensburg, and the
West by the Ogdensburg & Lake Cham|)lain R.R.; it is one and one-
half hours from IMontreal by the Grand Trunk Ry.; from Boston, Bur¬
lington, St. Albans, and Eastern Points by Central Vermont R.R.:
from the White IVIountains by the Portland & Ogdensburg R.R.; from
Ottawa and the Rapids of the St. Lawrence by the Canada Atlantic R.R.
Through drawing-room cars by day between Boston and New York
and Rouse's Point, and sleejjing-cars to and from New York on
night trains. It is the best stopping-point for tourists making the
trip in either direction via Saratoga, Lake George, and Lake Cliam-
plain, or Thousand Islands, Montreal and the Adiroiidacks.
The rates for board are |:2.50 and $:!.00 per day; f 10.00 to $17.50 per
week each, according to location of rooms. Sp>ecial rates for the season.
GRAMD TRUNK RAILWAY.
GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY OF CANADA.
MONTREAL AND CHAMPLAIN DIVISION.
Rouse's Point to Montreal—49 Miles.
The Montreal and Champlain Railroad now forms a part of the
direct line from New York to Montreal via Delaware and Hudson
Canal Co.'s R. R. and Lake Champlain. It is almost entirely in
Canada, crossing the line between the United States and the Do¬
minion of Canada about one mile north of the depot at Rouse's
Point. The railroad runs on the West side of the Richelieu
River in a northerly direction to St. John's, whence it diverges
towards the northwest to St. Lambert, on the St. Lawrence
River, where it joins the main line of the Grand Trunk and
crosses the St. Lawrence on the wonderful Victoria Bridge.
ROUSE'S POINT.
Hotel.—Windsor.
Chamj^in, Clinton (Jminty, N. Y., 352 mites from New York. From
Montreal, 49.
The scenery of the north part of the lake is very fine, embracing
a view of numerous islands and points of lands of much beauty.
Rouse's Point is a village of about 2,000 population, and contains
several churches. The village was named in honor of Jacques
Rouse, a Canadian, who settled here in 1783. The Ogdensburg
and Lake Champlain Railroad, operated by the Central Vermont
R. R., runs to Ogdensburg, and the Vermont Central Railroad to
St. Alban's and the East. The latter railroad crosses the lake on
a bridge one mile in length. A floating draw of three hundred
feet, opened and shut by steam, admits the passage of vessels.
About one mile north of the village, upon the banks of the lake.
Fort Montgomery is situated. This fort commands the entrance
to the lake. It was begun soon after the war of 1812, but in
1818 it was found to be within the limits of Canada, and the
work was abandoned. It became known as " Port Blunder," but
by the Webster Treaty of 1842 it was ceded again to the United
States. Work upon it was resumed, and the fort completed
at a cost of about $600,000. Between Rouse's Point and St.
John's the railroad passes through three small but uninteresting
ullages in the Canadian Territory.
122
GRAND TEDNK RAttWAI.
LACOLLE.
St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 358
miles from New York. From Montreal, 43.
SIOTTSVILLE.
St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 362
miles from New York. Fr.m Montreal 39.
GRAND LIGNE.
St. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 368
miles from New York. From Montreal 33.
ST. JOHN'S.
Si. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 374
miles from New York. From Montreal, 27.
This village contains about 1,000 inhabitants and some manu¬
factories. On the west side of the Richelieu or Sorrel River, is a
small military barracks, and on the parade ground near the rail¬
road depot may be seen a large cannon captured by a Canadian
regiment from the Russians at Sebastopol. St. John's is the ter¬
minus of the Central Vermont Railroad, which crosses the river
at this place. This stream is the outlet of Lake Champlain, and
falls into ti..e St. Lawrence forty miles below Montreal. It is
navigable for its whole length, with the exception of certaio
rapids which are passed by means of canals and locks.
LACADIE AND BROSSEADS.
La Prairie Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 381
m.fr. New York. Fr. Montreal, 20.
These are small and unimportant villages, the inhabitants oi
which are chiefly farmers, who send the products of their labor to
the Montreal markets. The former place is on Montreal River.
ST. LAMBERT.
Si. John's Parish, Quebec Province, Dominion of Canada, 385
m.fr. New York. From Montreal, 6.
This station is opposite Montreal, and at the eastern end of
Victoria Bridge. Entering the bridge, little can be seen except
iron plates and braces, until after a space of six to ten minutei
the train emerges from the western end of the bridge and fol
lowing a descending grade soon reaches the level of the streets,
and in a few minutes enters the Montreal Depot. The Victoria
Bridge is nearly two miles long. It is built on the tubular plan,
and rests on two abutments and 34 piers. It cost $6,300,000.
123
NORTHERN RESORTS.
MONTREAL.
Quebec Prwince, Dominion of Canada, 391 miles from New York.
Hotels— Windsor, St. Lawrence Hall, Balmoral, and Albion.
Population 250,000.
The chief city of British America stands on Montreal Island,
at the head of natural navigation on the St. Lawrence Kiver. It
was founded in 1640, on the site of an Indian village called
Hochelaga, which was visited by French Jesuit missionaries in
1542, nearly a hundred years before a permanent settlement
was made. The French held the island until 1760, when it was
captured by the British, and has been held by them ever since.
The Canadian government was formerly established here, but was
removed to Quebec in 1849, in consequence of a political mob
which burnt the parliament houses and library. At that time
Canada was under the royal government, but it is now more in¬
dependent and governs herself, with certain restrictions, under
the title of The Dominion of Canada. Montreal Island is thirty-
two miles long and about ten miles broad. Near the city it rises
into a considerable elevation known as Mount Royal.
The city is principally built on the level ground between Mt.
Royal and the river, along which it extends nearly three miles.
The population of the city is rapidly increasing. On the high
ground near Mt. Royal are many elegant private residences, and
a fashionable drive extends around the mountain, bordered by
gardens and ornamental inclosures, and affording fine views in
all directions. The principal buildings in Montreal are of gray
limestone, which is of a delicate neutral tint, very pleasing to the
eye. The great number of buildings of this material gives a
solid look to the streets. Architecturally, many of the build¬
ings are very fine, especially the new church of the Jesuits.
The cathedral of Notre Dame is of great size, and well worth
visiting. The view from one of the towers, in which hangs
" Gros Bourdon," the great bell, is very extensive and interest¬
ing. Admission may be gained to the cathedral and tower at
almost all hours. At certain times, interesting services are per¬
formed in the cathedral, at which the nuns of the seminary of
St. Sulpice assist. The music at these services is very fine.
108
NORTHERN RESORTS.
There are many other fine buildings, especially in Great St.
James and Notre Dame streets. It is interesting to visit the
English Cathedral, Jesuit College, McGill College, Vigor Square,
the Post Office, New Court House, Bank of Montreal, Bank of
British North America, Molsom's Bank, Merchants' Bank, Bon-
secours Market, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Mount Boyal Cemetery,
Place D'Armes, Champ de Mars, Bon Parteur Nunnery, and
many others. The stone quays of Montreal are also interesting.
The Victoria Bridge over the St. Lawrence is a splendid piece
of engineering skill, and should be visited. It is the longest
bridge in the world, being nearly one and a half miles in length,
and is built entirely of iron, over 8,000 tons of which were used
in its construction. The Grand Trunk Bailway crosses the St.
Lawrence river upon it, and passengers going to or from the
States pass over it. A pass to go upon the bridge may he ob¬
tained at the office of the Grand Trunk Railway.
The tour through Lachine Rapids is a delightful excursion
from the city. By driving to Lachine, about nine miles, and
taking the steamboat which descends the Rapids, the tourist will
soon find himself in the midst of exciting adventure, as the hold
craft reels and dashes down the streapt and shoots unharmed
upon the placid waters below. The trip is fuU of pleasant ex¬
citement, and has a spice of danger about it especially pleasing
to the Anglo-Saxon temperament.
The principal Railway connections at Montreal are with the
Grand Trunk Railway eastward to Quebec, Portland and the
Provinces; and westward to Kingston, Toronto, Detroit, Chicj^o
and other points.
The Canadian Pacific Railway runs northerly to Ottawa, the
capital city of the Dominion, and to points north and west.
The Central Vermont Railway runs southward to St. Albans,
Burlington, Rutland, Brattleboro, connecting for the White
Mountains, Boston and other southern and eastern points.
The South-Eastern Railway runs south-eastward to Lake
Memphremagog, St. Johnsbury, White Mountains, connecting
for Boston, Portland and other eastern towms.
Steamers run in summer from Montreal to Quebec, Sf^uenay
River and points east on the St. Lawrence, and westward through
109
NORTHERN RESORTS.
(be 'Ihonsand Islands and Lake Ontario, to Kingston, Toronto,
Oswego, Charlotte and Niagara Falls, connecting with railways for
(be west. Steamers also run up the Ottawa Biver to Ottawa and
other northern points. The Allan Line of Ocean Steamers runs
ftom Montreal to Europe. For further information and time
tables consult the ofbces at Montreal and the time cards.
HOTELS OF MONTKEAL.
The Windsor Hotel is the most elegant hotel in Canada, and is
remarkable for the completeness and extent of its modem im¬
provements. It has a fine location on elevated ground near the
moimtain, overlooking the city and the St. Lawrence Biver, and
fronts one of the finest streets in Montreal. It has many rooms
en suite with bath-room attached, and the bridal parlors are
Inxnriantly and elegantly furnished. The dining hall is very
beautiful, and the cuisine excellent.
St. Lawrence Hall, situated on St. James street, in the most
central part of the city, is kept in very good style, at moderate
prices. It has been patronized by the Government on aU public
occamons, and was the former residence of the United States
Consul. It is kept more In the style of English hotels than
any in Montreal, and is managed by Mr. H. Hogan, the Pro¬
prietor, who provides excellent accommodations at moderate
prices.
The Hotel Richelieu is a large, first-class hotel, in the central
part of the city. It will accommodate about 400 guests. It is
elegantly furnished and kept in excellent style, and is well
adapted to tourists and travelers who wish to visit the objects
of interest in this interesting city and vicinity. Very reasonable
prices. It is kept both on the American and European plans.
The Albion House is a good hotel on the corner of McGill and
St. Paul streets, and has been for twenty years a favorite I'esort
of the general traveling public of the United States when visiting
Montreal. It will accommodate nearly 500 guests, and is well
supplied with modem conveniences, and commands a fine view
of St. Lawrence River and the Victoria Bridge. Its oliarges are
very moderate.
110
orand trunk railway.
BEL(EIL MOIJNTAIKS,
f*. HUaire, P. Q., 25 miles from Montreal by Orand Trunk
Railway.
Le Beloaii Mountams are 25 miles from Montreal in a sontb-
easterly direction and near the famous "Iroquois Biver," now
called the Richelieu. This is a most charming spot to rest and
recuperate during the vacation months. Among the principal
points of interest in this locality and within easy driving distance
of the Iroquois House are the following : JHouQt Rouge, or Rouge
mont, 9 miles; Fort Chambly, on the Richelieu River, the old¬
est French fort in the Dominion, also De Salaberry's Monument,
12 miles ; St. Matthias, 8 miles ; Sir William Johnson's, Baronet,
beautiful estate, 3 miles; Le Chateau de St. Hilaixe ; the Manot
House, the residence of Seigneur Capt. Campbell, the largest conn-
try seat in the Dominion ; Major de Monterracb's country seat, 9
miles on the Richelieu; St Charles, the battleheld during the re¬
bellion of 1837.
The present site of the "Iroquois House," on the summit ot
St. HUaire Mountains, was the camping ground of the " Iroquois
Indians" during their fierce straggle with the French troops at
the time of the French conquests. War relics and Indian tro¬
phies are still found there.
Visitors to this section should not fail to take a trip on the far
famed Richelieu river. It is "the Rhine of Canada," extending
from Lake Champlain to the St. Lawrence river. Steamers to and
from Montreal twice a week.
The " Iroquois House," at St. Hilaire Mountsun, is the larger* !
inland summer resort of the Dominion. It furnishes first-class I
accommodations for about 400 guests and is open from June to
■October. Originally built in 1874 by the Messrs. Campbell, it
has been enlarged in 1881 and 1883 to its present grand dimen¬
sions. It is under the personal management of Mr. Bruce P-
Campbell, who is favorably known throughout the Dominion.
The " Iroquois House" is famous for its excellent table, the clean¬
liness of its rooms and the perfect discipline of its service. Tha
house commands a patronage from the most influential and
wealthy class of guests.
THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY.
This magnificeat system of railroads, with its numerous division.'
.wdconneetions, is one of the great continental trunk systems of the
Western Continent. It extends from the Atlantic Coast at Halifax to
i-the Great Lakes, and the great western metropolis, the city of Chicago.
^ It crosses and recrosses the Canadian border, and serves alike the com-
: netcial interests of the United States and British America, and is fitly
• csHed " The Great International Route," From the fact that it extends
-ftom the Maritime Provinces bordering on the Atlantic Ocean to the
■ hmous pleasure resorts of America, including the White Mountains,
Itsngely Lakes, Bar Harbor, the Maine and New Hampshire Coast
.Resorts, Thousand Islands, Rapids of the St. Lawrence River, the
.Adirondack Mountains, Niagara Falls, the seaside resorts of New
(.England, and the beautiful lakes and islands of the Muskoka and Parr/
Suund districts, it may proi)erly be called the Great Tourist Route of
^America. Among the citie.j of special interest to tourists which the
Grand Trunk Railway connects arc : Montreal, the commercial metrop¬
olis, and Ottawa, the capital of the Dominion; quaint old Quebec, with
ibmediaival air, its fortified walls and foreign surroundings; Portland,
^Haine, and Halifax on the Atlantic Coast; Kingston* and Toronto, the
bustling city by the lake; Detroit on the St. Crois, and Chicago and
Milwaukee on the western shore of Lake Michigan. The diversity of
scenery through which this railway passes is strikingly manifest in con¬
sidering the topography of the country it traverses. Perha[)s no rail¬
road line in America embraces in its route so great a variety of scenery.
PlDm the wave-washed Atlantic coast to the vast inland seas whose
waters swell the volume of the majestic St. Lawrence, a charming
panorama of mountain, lake, and river scenery passes in pleasing vari¬
ety before the vision of the tourist. The picture is occasionally en¬
livened by a charming village and a flourishing city as the train
rushes rapidly over the fertile meadows of the Canadian domain.
The diversified character of the country through which it passes, the
many points of interest which it touches, and the excellent facilities it
offers to the traveling public in its superior erjuipment, including
through coaches, and sleeping and dining car service, give this lino
a high reputation and make it a favorite route of the summer tourist.
A trip through Canada by this line is one of interest and novelty.
The long level stretches of country, with easy grades and few curves,
permit the making of fast time, and thus add materially to the com¬
fort of the journey. Flourisldng towns and villages indicate the pros-
perity of the inhabitants, while many fine farms add to the attractive
ness of the scene. In some sections the views to be obtained from th<
car windows are absolutely picturesque. This is particularly true o:
some bits of fine scenery near Dundas, approaching Hamilton. T(
avoid heavy grades, the railway is built on the side of the mountain.!
which towers up in grandeur on the one hand, while on the other sidn
you may gaze upon a charming valley far below, in which nestles th«-
town, the whole forming a picture of exquisite beauty. i
This is also a dining-car line, and meals arc served on the througlj
express trains, east and west, in a style to suit the most fastidious.
During the season of navigation the "Empress of India," a first-
class steamer, running between Toronto and Port Dalhousie, makes
connection with Grand Trunk trains to and from Niagara Palls.
The traveler may reach the Grand Trunk Railway Lino from Bosion-
and other New England points, either at Portland, or by the Central
Vermont line at Montreal. From the Middle and South Atlantic
States, taking in the Hudson River, Saratoga and Lake George, the
Grand Trunk may be reached at Rouse's Point or St. John's. From
Chicago (new Dearborn Station), the through trains of the Chicago,
and Grand Trunk Railway make close connections at Port Huron,,
with quick service, through coaches, sleeping-cars and dining-cars,
forming a continuous through-car line between Chicago and Suspension
Bridge, New York and Boston. A magnificent Pullman vestibuled
train, in charge of a special agent, will be run weekly during the sea¬
son, between Chicago and Portland, Maine, by way of Niagara Falls,'
Toronto, and Montreal. From the same station, the trains of the
"Niagara Falls Short Line" make close connections with the Southern
(Great Western) Division at Detroit. The Michigan Central also makes
connection at Detroit with the Grand Trunk System.
Prom Milwaukee a delightful trip may be made across Lake Michi¬
gan by the palatial steamer, " City of Milwaukee," to Grand Haven,
thence by the Detroit, Grand Haven and Milwaukee Railway to Detroit,
or Durand, connecting with the Chicago and Grand Trunk Railway.
Prom Detroit, the tourist has the choice of going via Windsor and
the Southern (Great Western) Division, or by the Detroit Division to
Port Huron, and there connecting directly with the main line.
It will thus be seen that the Grand Trunk system is not only very
extensive in itself, but is accessible from all parts of the country, its
direct connections being the most important railway lines of America,
CITY OF OTTAWA.
OTTAWA
DOMINION OF CANADA.
Ottawa, the capital city of British America, dates its origin from
the commencement of the Bideau Canal, under Lieut.-Col. By, of the
lleyal Engineers, in the year 1826. Situated at the conlluence of
the Bideau and Oatineau Rivers with the Grand River (now called the
Ottawa), each draining districts rich in agricultural and timber
Ksources, the village grew rapidly. In 1854 the town attained a pop-
aiation of 10,000, and was transformed by Parliament into the city
of Ottawa, on the 1st of January, 1855. From this period the city has
made greater headway, in proportion to its population, than any other
city in the Dominion. In 1857 Her Majesty selected it to be the
permanent seat of government of United Canada, and the decision was
ratified and confirmed by Parliament. In 1859 the public buildings
required for the accommodation of Parliament and the Civil Service
were commenced, and were com[)leted in 1865. In 1866 Parliament
met in Ottawa for the first time, and Ottawa added to her greatness
and dignity in 1867 by becoming the Capital of the Dominion under
the political system tben established. The population of " By Town"
was5,ti00 ; in 1854, 10,000 ; in 1861, 14,669 ; in 1871, 21,545; in 1881,
31,307; in 1891. 41,154 ; in 1892, .50,000. No other city east of Winni¬
peg has grown so rapidly. Ottawa is the second city in Ontario,
bnring the last ten years it has doubled in wealth and population.
The front jwrtions of the city of Ottawa stand on a succession of
bluffs, and when viewed from the river are seen to great advantage.
Prom the high cliffs, on which its noblest buildings have been erected,
can be witnessed scenes of natural beauty unsurpassed by any on the
continent; rich in all the varied charms of mountain, i-iver, and forest,
and enhanced by the surrounding triuinirhs of architectural skill. The
capital city stands on the southern bank of the Ottawa River. Cover¬
ing the low-lying shores to the west are huge piles of lumber, which
tell of the chief industry of that portion of the city, and further up the
stream can be seen the boiling masses of water as they hurl them¬
selves over the Chaudiere Palls. To the east the river can be seen
for miles wending its way through field and forest towards the ocean.
TheBidean Canal divides the city into two parts. The Rideau Falls
of the Kideau River, about one mile east of the city, during the period
of high water in spring, tuiuMing down a rocky, perpendicular descent
CITY OF OTTAWA.
of forty or fifty feet, are singularly grand and picturesque. The in¬
take for the supply of water to the city of Ottawa is located some 3,000
feet above the Chaudiere Falls, on the Ottawa River.
The City llall is a handsome and imposing building erected at a
cost of $90,000. The Court-house aud jail, the latter considered the
inoilel prison structure of the Province, the Normal and Model Schools,
University of Ottawa, Collegiate Institute, Post-Office and Custom
House, City and County Registry Offices, the various Ranks, Orphans'
Home, Home for the Aged, Carleton Protestant Hospital, General
Hospital, Lady Stanley Institute (for training nurses). Convalescent
Home, Rideau Club, Athletic Club, and the Roman Catholic Asylums
and Monastic Institutions, and many of the Primary Schools are build¬
ings of elegant design or of some architectural pretensions.
Ottawa is pre-eminent in educational institutions. At the head of
these is the University of Ottawa, founded as a college in 1848 and
erected into a university in 1866. In February, 1889, his Holiness the
Pope raised this institution to the rank of a Catholic University.
The capital has no less than thirty-five church edifices, representing
almost every Christian denomination. The church-buildings are large,
solid, costly, and exceedingly handsome. The Basilica (Roman Catho¬
lic) is an imposing structure and has a magnificent organ. Some of the
beautiful residences are homes of Canada's distinguished public men.
Ottawa has several beautiful public parks and squares. Parliament
Hill and Major's Hill Park are both under the control and supervision
of the Federal Government. The view from these parks is enchanting.
Landsdowne Park, charmingly situated on the banks of the Rideau
Canal, a short distance from the center of the city, is the headquarters
of the Central Canada Exhibition Association. By the extension of
the electric car system, Rocklifle Park has become a favorite resort.
Ottawa has the best constructed, equipped and managed electric
street-car system in the Dominion, whose electric current is generated
at the company's power house at Chaudiere Falls.
The Ottawa valley is rich in agricultural resources. No finer wheat
fields can be found in any portion of the older Provinces than those i
in this fertile section. The Legislature in 1887 established, just out¬
side the city, the Central Experimental Farm, a complete trial farm
of 500 acres. Its equipment comprises the best and most scientific
models. There are ten chartered banks in the city of Ottawa. The
aumoer irauc is ilie Jargest ju the Dominion if not in the world.
rllAUDlERE FALLS', OTTAWA KIVLR. (.AXADA.
CITY OF OTTAWA.
The several fjreivt railway systems are : The Canadian Pacific Railway,
North Shore through route, reaching from ocean to ocean; the Canada
Atlantic, from Ottawa to Montreal, Boston and New York; the St.
Lawrence and Ottawa, from Ottawa to Prescottand Ogdensburgh; the
Canadian Pacific, to the St Lawrence via Smith's Falls and Bruckville;
the Gatineau Valley, from Ottawa north to the lumber regions; the
Ottawa, Arni)rior and Parry Sound, from Ottawa west, through the
Ottawa and Bonnec-ber& Valleys and the pine forests of the Opeongo
Mountains ; the Pontiaer and Pacific Junction Railway, northwest,
along the Ottawa River, to 'Pembroke and the lumber regions of that
district; the Montreal and Ottawa Railway, and the Kingston, Smith's
Falls and Ottawa Railway, south to Lake Ontario, and the Party
Sound Railway to the Georgian Bay and the far-famed Muskoka
district. Ottawa is almost equi-distant between Montreal and Toronto,
and between Halifax and Winnipeg. Prescott, on the St. Lawrence
River, is 54 miles distant to the south ; Kingston, 95 miles; and New
York, 450 miles. During the summer the tourist can reach Ottawa by
boat or rail. The traveler from the East can take the magnificent
steamers of the Ottawa River Navigation Company, traveling all day
on the broad river of the Ottawa, with diversified scenery and histor¬
ical landmarks. From the West, he can take the boat from Kingston,
on Lake Ontario, through the canal and beautiful Rideau Lakes, now
one of the most favored tourist resorts in Canada.
To the tourist, Ottawa's chiefest attractions are the national build¬
ings, erected for the use and accommodation of the Parliament
and the public otficers of Canada. In approaching Ottawa, from what¬
ever quarter, the Parliament Buildings arc the most conspicuous.
They stand out against the clear sky in all the beauty of seemingly
varied architecture. Towei-s, pinnacles, buttresses and galdcs arc in
the distance ap[)arently heaped upon each other, and only become
well defined on nearer approach. In speaking of them Lovell says;
" Their splendor, their fine, commanding site, together with th? beauty
of the surrounding scenery, place them in a very enviable position
compared with other structures used for similar purposes, and must
ever be objects of interest to the tourist and the stranger, and pride
to the people of Cana<la." They are four in number: the Parliament
Building, the Eastern Departmental Building, the Western Depart¬
mental Building, and the Langevin Block ; the last so called after
the Minister of the Crown under whose supervision the building
PARLIAMENT Bl" II.DT NG S. OTTAWA. l)o:\IINTON OP CANADA.
CITY OF OTTAWA.
was constructed. With the exception of the Langevin Block, which
stands on Wellington street, almost facing the Parliament House,
these buildings are all on the " Uill," forming three sides of a quadran¬
gle ; but they are not joined, the vacant spaces at the corners being of
considerable extent; tlie fourth side of the (juadrangle opens on Wel¬
lington street. The style of architecture—as Anthony Trollope, the
novelist, allows—is almost pure Gothic. The Central, or Main, Build¬
ing is devoted to the service of the Senate anil the House of Commons.
It stands on the north side of the (juadrangle, upon which it presents a
front of 472 feet in length and two stories in height above the base¬
ment, its breadth being 370 feet at the center and 181 feet across the
main eastern and western entrances; height of tower over enti-ance, 220
feet. From this tower—which can be ascended by anyone upon applica¬
tion to the proper ollicer—it is said the view of at least half a dozen
counties can be obtained. The Eastern Building has two principal
facades at light angles to each other, one 310 feet in length and the
other 245 feet, on Wellington street. The Western Block is some¬
what similar in shape to the Eastern, having a frontage of 220 feet on
the square and 277 feet uj)on Wellington street. Tlie public depart-
nients are distributed among the several buildings as follows : Eastern
Building—Governor-General's office. Privy Council, Secretary of State,
Justice, Finance, Interior, and Auditor-General. Western Block—
Railways and Canals, Public Works, Militia, Trade and Commerce,
Customs, Inland Revenue, Marine and Fisheries, Mounted Police, and
Archives, laingevin Block—Post Office, Agriculture, and Indian Af¬
fairs. The Patent Office is attached to the Department of Agriculture.
The Geological and Natural History Survey, with its splendid
Museum, occupies the whole barracks on Sussex street.
McKenzie Tower, 274 feet high, facing Chaudiere, and the Western
Building Extension were built in 1875. The Library Building in the
rear of the Houses of Parliament, completed in 1877, is octagonal in
shape, like the chapter-house of a cathedral. Mr. Trollcqie declared
that this building alone would be worthy a trip across the Atlantic to
see. It is circular inside, and 290 feet in diameter. The total cost of
the Ottawa Buildings up to 1892 was about $5,000,000.
Rideau Hall, the official place of residence of the Governor-General
of Canada, is a handsome domain on the Rideau River, near the Rideau
falls, and about a mile from the Parliament Building. There are 73
acres of land around the Hall, embracing parks, drives, and fields for
CITY (IF OTTAWA.
athletic spurts. From ''I'riiiccss Vista," an opening cut through tli(>
wdiids at tliu instance of tlic Princess Lonise, a charming view of tlie
Ottawa River and the distant mountain range beyond is afforded.
The country around Ottawa presents unrivalled attractions to the
naturalist and the sportsman. The best of trout and bass fishing are
always obtainable at the Rideau Lakes and in the Gatineau region,
ami these places abound in black duck and [lartridge. Jloose, caribou,
ami ileer abound in the woods, here and in the Upper Ottawa.
The Grand Union Hotel, Mr. 11. Ale.xander, [iroiuietor, is situ¬
ated o]iposite City Hall Sipiare, one bhadv from the Parliament Ruild-
in;;, in the central part of the city. It is a first-cdass hotid in every
respect, having iiand.somely furnished rooms and modern convenionees
tor the aeeommodation of travellers. It is supplied with passenger and
haggage elevator.s, lire escapes, etc., and has rooms en suite with baths.
The (deetrie cars jiass the door every few miuntes for every part of the
eity and dejiots. It has some of the finest sample rooms for the use
of eoininercdal travellers to be found in Canada. Its central location,
its modern conveniences, and the high reputation of its proprietor as
man.agor of first-class hot(ds, [dace it in the front rank of hostelrics in
Canada. Guests of the Grand Union will receive every attention that
will add to their comfort and pleasure. Tourists and businessmen
will both find most congenial surroundings and satisfactory accommo¬
dations at this first-class hotid. Mr. Alexander. th<> proprietor, is well
known throughout Canada and the United States, having had charge
of a first-class hotel in Southern California for a number of years, and
"ther well-known resorts.
CITY OF OTTAWA.
The Russell, F. X. St. .Tiioqncs, I'roi)riclor. This magnifioent
hotel, designated the "palace hotel of Canada," is very handsomely
fitted up in the most modern style. It is supplied with passenger and
baggage elevators, has rooms en suite for the accommodation of farni-
lies with baths, and is supplied with abundant fire escapes sufficient
to afford ample opportunities for the exit of guests without confusion,
in case of fire or other danger. Its fine location commands a sj)lendid
THE RUSSELL.
view of the city, Parliament grounds, the Park, fhe Ottawa Piver, and
Rideau Canal. It is near the business j)art of the city, and visitors to
Ottawa, either as tourists or on busines.s, will find this hotel very con¬
veniently located for reaching the government buildings and the busi¬
ness part of the city. The liusscll is largely patronized by the lead¬
ing public men of Canada. It ranks among the finest hotels in Arneiica.
The electric, cars to all points of the city, and to the railroad dc[iot,
pass the door of the hotel. Guests at The Russell will receive every
attention that will conduce to their comfort and pleasure. Ottawa
offers unusual attractions in its beautiful buildings and objects of in¬
terest in and near it to tourists and other travellers, and no more com¬
fortable and attractive resort can be found by the tourist than The
Russell. Mr. St. .Jacques, the proiirictor, is widely known throughout
Canada and the United States.
NORTHERN RESORTS.
MVER ST. LAWRENCE, FROM MONTREAL
TO QUEBEC.
Out choice of courses to Quebec lies between the railway
ride of eight hours and the sail down the river by night. We can
eocnomize time, strength, end money by the sail. We will, there¬
fore, take passage in one of the splendid steamers of the Kiche-
lieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Mail Line. Either the
" Montreal" or the " Quebec " makes the pass^e from Montreal
to Quebec every night except Sunday. These steamers are the
most elegant in Canada, and approach closely in accommodations
the magnificent floating palaces of the People's Line on the Hud¬
son River, and Fall River Lines from New York. With staterooms
secured, we are free to move about the boat, dine, watch the
scenery, or gaze at the stars, until our weariness invites repose,
and we seek Nature's sweet restorer. Before daylight is gone we
shall enjoy many miles of delightful river scenery. As we pass
out from the wharf, the shores of the military island of St. Helen's
—named from the wife of Champlain, the first Governor of Can¬
ada, and the founder of Quebec—appears. Just below the island
is the village of Longueuil, a favorite summer resort of the citi¬
zens of Montreal. At the mouth of Richelieu, the outlet of Lake
Champlain into the St. Lawrence, is
SOBEL,
a town with about 5,000 population. It was for many years the
summer residence of the English Governors of Canada, and here
Victoria's father once resided. Immediately below Sorel the
river widens into a lake called. Lake St. Peter, about thirty-five
miles long by ten miles wide. This is shallow, except in a narrow
channel; and in a storm its waves become very turbulent, and
engulf the unfortunate rafts exposed to its fury. Half-way to
Quebec is the port of
THREE BIVEBS,'
at the confluence of the St. Maurice and the St. Lawrence Rivers,
ninety miles from Montreal. This town is one of the oldest set¬
tled towns in Canada. It is well laid out, contains many good
• 111
NOBTBERN BESOBTS.
buildings, and a population of 9,000. The celebrated St. Mauiics
Forges, near the town, have been in operationmore than a century.
BATISCAN,
a village of little importance, is the last stopping place before
reaching Quebec. Seven miles above Quebec we pass the mouth
of the Chaudlere Biver on the right. The celebrated Chaudi^e
Falls are a short distance up this river, and are annually visited
by a large number of tourists. The Falls are 125 feet high, the
river being 400 feet wide, studded with forest-covered islands,
which make a picturesque and beautiful scene. The banks of the
St. Lawrence present little variety as we proceed. The villages
are French, the buildings being small, the better class painted
white or whitewashed, and having red roofs. As we approach
Quebec, we first behold the tin-covered spires of the Catholic
churches. In the river, we see the shipping and the frequent
rafts lying at rest in the coves, awaiting shipment to different
narts of the world. Passing the drowning rock-walls of the cita-
tel, we touch the pier and are speedily ashore and breakfastiBg.
112
NOnrUEhN RESORTS.
QUEBEC.
Hotel— Victoria.
The Gibraltar of America, and the only walled city on the Con
tinent, is situated at the confluence of the St. Charles and St. Law-
tence rivers, 400 miles from the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and 180 miles
from Montreal. It is the second city in the Dominion, and was until
recently the capital of Gnited Canada.
Quebec has about 70,000 inhabitants, chiefly engaged in handling
and exporting lumber, of which some $0,000,000 worth a year is sent
sway. It has also a fine export trade in grain, and, being the ter¬
minus of transatlantic shipping, it is a depot of immigration. The
city is nearly in the form of a triangle, bounded by the two rivers and
the "Plains of Abraham," and is divided into the Upper and Lower
Towns—the former being walled, strongly fortified, and standing
partly on a biulf 350 feet high ; the latter being built on the narrow
strip of land between the cliffs and the river. The suburbs of St.
.lohn's and St. Koch's extend along the St. Charles to the " Plains of
Alirabaro." The houses are mostly built of cut stone, and severely
plain. The streets are narrow, and often steep, and are said to fol¬
low, in many instances, the foot-paths of the Indian village, once on
the same site.
The Citadel, on Cape Diamond, is one of the most interesting
objects to visitors. The area within the fortifications is more than
forty acres, and the line of fortification around it and the Upper
Town is about three miles long. Formerly tnere wore five massive
gates to the town, two of which remain.
The churches, convents, colleges, and public buildings of Quebec
will interest strangers. Among the Roman Catholic churches they
will wish to see the Cathedral and the adjoining seminaries, fronting
on the Upper Town Market Place. This is very large, seating 4,000
persons; unpretentious outwardly, it is inwardly handsomely fitted
up. The Cathedral and Seminary Chapel have many fine paintings
of the old masters well worth inspection. These churches and insti¬
tutions of mercy and learning in Quebec have become rare picture
galleries. Permission to visit them, and catalogues, will be given, on
application, at proper hours. St. Patrick's, St. Koch's, St. John's,
the church of Notre Dame des Victoires, with its pictures by Van-
US
NOBTBERK RESORTS.
dyke, are all worth visiting. The Hotel Dicn, both hospital and
church, built mostly in the seventeenth century, has fine paintings.
It has thirty or forty nuns, and the hospital is free to the sick and
infirm of any sect, with attendance of the best doctors in the city.
The Gray Nunnery, near St. John's Church, and the Black Nunnery,
near St. Roch's, will intei«st the stranger. At the Ursuline Convent,
a very old building, there are forty nuns, devoted to teaching girls,
and also to working in embroidery, painting, etc. The parlor and
chapel are open to visitors. In the latter are some good paintings.
The General Hospital is an extensive pile of buildings founded in
the seventeenth century, and conducted by forty or fifty nuns of St.
Augustine. The Laval University is second to none on this continent
in its museum of Huron antiquities, its collection of Canadian birds,
its library, its fine scientific instruments, and its extensive and com¬
prehensive curriculum. It is adjoining the seminary, whose chapel,
mentioned above, has the celebrated paintings of Champlain, and
others.
Among the Protestant churches the English Cathedral is the
largest, accommodating about 4,000 people. It is a handsome struc¬
ture, neatly fitted up. The monumentof Jacob Mountain, D.D., first
Anglican Bishop, is in the church. King George is said to have ex¬
pressed a doubt, in the presence of Dr. Mountain, as to whom to
appoint bishop of the new See of Quebec. The Doctor replied, " If
your Majesty had faith, there would be no difficulty." " How so ?"
said the king. Mountain answered, "If you had faith, you would
say to this Mountain, ' Be thou removed into that See,' and it would
be done." The witticism won him the appoinment. There are
many other churches and public buildings worthy of mention.
Durham and Duflerin Terraces, in the Upper Town, command a
splendid view of the river and the Lower Town, as well as Point Levi,
and the bold peaks of the Laurentian Range. The Terrace is the
favorite promenade of the citizens. The monument erected to the
memory of Wolfe and Montcalm in the Public Garden is chaste and
beautiful in design, 65 feet high, and should be seen by strangers.
The Place d'Armes and the Esplanade are open pieces of ground,
beautiful and well worth a visit. We have room only to mention the
Court-House and City Hall on St. Louis Street, the Gaol, St. Ann
Street, Upper Town, the Marine Hospital on the river St. Charles,
114
NORTHEUN RESOItTS.
capable of aecomraodating 400 patients, the Lunatic Asylum at Beau*
port, two and a half miles from the city, and the Music Hall.
Every step in this city seems to be over a tradition, or a history.
Every wall and tower seems ancient. Indeed the seventeenth cen¬
tury is here largely transformed into the nineteenth. The quaint
style of vehicles, and very many of the customs of the people, have
come down from the long-ago. Yet here is a city of thrifty, busy,
contented people. Living is cheap here. Protected from enemies by
its scowling defiant fortresses and rocks, rich in one of the best har¬
bors on the continent, with her piers loaded with the commerce of all
nations, Quebec eujoys a position among the cities of the continent,
unique and interesting.
Many places of interest and many fine drives are in the neighbor¬
hood. Among these we mention Cap Rouge, nine miles from Quebec,
reached by the Grand Allee. On the drive we pass a monument near
the toll-gate ; the inscription says, *' Here died Wolfe victorious."
The Plains of Abraham are on the south, and the scene of the battle
on either hand. Many objects of interest are along this route, and the
whole distance is lined with fine old villas of the Canadian aristocracy.
Returning from ('ap Rouge by another route, the tourist is treated
to varied but equally interesting sights. Indian Lorette, nine miles
from Quebec by the Little River Road, is an ancient village of the
Hurons, in whose people Indian blood predominates. They hunt, fish,
make bead-work, moccasins, etc., and live a rude but religious life.
The Lorette Palls are near the village, and a few miles inland are
the Beauport and St. Charles lakes, the latter famed for its red trout
and remarkable echoes.
One of the principal drives is to the Falls of Montmorenei, eight
miles from the city. We cross the St. Charles River—notice in suc¬
cession the extensive shipbuilding, the curious market wagons and
ponies of the Frenchwomen, who mostly make the gardens and mar¬
ket their products ; the old cottage where Montcalm had his head¬
quarters, and near the scene of the first struggle for the possession
of the city ; the neat Canadian cottages on either side, with their
huge chimneys, out-of-door ovens, and steep roofs—until we reach
the Montmorenei River and the field of the battle of Montmorenei.
We register at the little hotel, pay the admittance fee, and by a short
path reach the Falls, 250 feet high, and 50 feet wide. A solid mass
• 115
NOItTIIKItX II ESQ UTS.
ol wilter rolls ovor Ihebliuk bluff of rocks, is shattered into featheiy
foarn, fails like a gossauier veil of beauty into the stream below, and
disappears in the St. Lawrence. Small streams on each side, j)arted
strands of light, follow the rocky seams in a delightful tangle down
the chasm. A suspension bridge erecteil over the Falls fell some
years ago while a laborer anil his family were crossing in a i-ude cart.
The towers stand as monuments of the mournful tuigedy. The Falls
are in winter the scene of the rare fun of coasting, known in local
Falls of Montmorenit.
phr.ise as " tobogganing." The spray from the river forms lofty
cones, down which gentlemen and ladies slide on their " toboggans."
or long, lliin, narrow pii'ces of wood. The Isle of Orleans, reached
by fcrrv. is a poini i f interest, and should be visited.
Bel.iw Quebec are many jmpular resorts. The Saguenay Fiver.
1.T2 miles below, is a famous river, much frequented by both Ameri¬
cans and Oanailians. During the jileasure season, steamers of Ihc
St. Lawrence Steamlioat Navigation ("o. leave Qneliee every day
except Sunday and lifonday, on the arriv.il of steamers from Mon-
110
nokthehn resorts.
treal. These steamers are elegant and comfortable, thoroughly fur
nisbed, and carefully handled. On the trip, nine miles from Quebec,
we pass the Island of Orleans, sometimes called Isle of Bacchus,
from its abundant wild grapes. It is twenty miles long, and at
its greatest width six miles wide, very fertile, and dotted with vil¬
lages. Sixty or seventy miles below we pass the mouth of St. Anne
River, and a village of the same name. About two miles from the
village are the Falls of St. Anne, and the scene above the cataract is
very grand. The natural scenery of the vicinity is delightful, and
the place is frequently visited. Five miles below we pass Orosse
Isle, the " Quarantine," a spot full of the wreck of human hopes.
Here in one grave the bodies of about 6,000 Irish emigrants lie interred.
Ninety miles f i-om Quebec the first landing-place is Malbaie, or Murray
Bay, a favorite watering-place for the better class of French Canadians.
The Lome Ilouse, with its connected cottages, is a comfortable hotel.
Steaming across the river, which is twenty miles wide with eighteen-
feet tides, with seals, porpoises, and whales playing in its water, we
Strike Riviere du Loup on the south shore, and the eastern terminus
of the Grand Trunk, as it is the western terminus of the Intercolo¬
nial Railroad from St. John, Halifax, etc. About six miles' jJeasant
drive from here is Cacouna, the Newport of Canada, where thou¬
sands of visitors enjoy sea bathing in the summer. The temperature
of the air is always delightful here. St. Lawrence Hall accommo¬
dates 500 guests in large, airy rooms, fitted with every comfort and
convenience. Every provision is made for indoor and outdoor
amusement. The house commands, from its windows and balconies,
magnificent seaward views ; vessels being distinctly visible at a dis¬
tance at sea. Guests here combine driving, fishing, boating, and
sea-lmthing. The hotel omnibuses meet the trains at Cacouna Sta¬
tion, and the steamers at Riviere du Loup wharf.
Opposite Riviere du Loup, about two hours' sail, is Tadousac, at
the mouth of Saguenay. Here is a fine hotel and sea-bathing.
Many handsome villas have been erected here, including one built
by his ExceUency Elarl Duflerin. The place was, from an early
period, the capital of the French settlements, and of the chief fur-
trading posts The ruins of a Jesuit establishment are found here ;
and on this spot the first stone and mortar building erected in
America, stood the home of Father Marquette, the explorer of the
117
NORTHERN RESORTS.
Mississippi Viilley. A cluster of pine-trees over 200 years old, in
the center of these ruins, marks the spot.
The Sagucnay, the largest tributary of the St. Lawrence, is unques¬
tionably one of the most remarkable rivers on this continent. Its
source is in St. John's Lake, which is forty miles long and lies 150
miles from the St. Lawrence, and nearly due north of tiuebec. The
scenery is wild and romantic in the highest degree, especiaUy in its
Cape Eternity, Saguenat Uiver,
upper half, which runs through unbroken wilderness, over rapids and
falls, so as to be navigable only for the Indian canoe. The lower half
has wonderful sceneiy. The granite shores, the imposing bluffs—
some of them towering high in air, and seeming ready at any
moment to jircciintate their huge mass upon you—the smooth-sided
rocky promontories, 600 to 900 feet high, the echoes —all make a pic¬
ture of awful grandeur that no description can reproduce. Ila ! Ha !
Bay is the limit of steam navigation, sixty miles from the St. Law¬
rence. This bay is a beautiful expanse of water, receding from the
river several miles. At the head of it is the village of Grand Bay,
the usual resort for those who wish to remain a few days.
118
OTTAWA,
CANADA'S PICTURESQUE CAPITAL,
Reached by three trains daily, via Canada
Atlantic Railway, from Bonaventure Depot,
Montreal.
Close connections at Montreal and Rouse's Point, with
trains from New York, Boston, the Adirondack's, etc., via
New York Central,
Central Vermont,
Delaware and Hudson
and Grand Trunk Railways.
Famous Fisiiing and Hunting Grounds of the upper
Ottawa, Madawaskaand Bonnecliere Rivers, reached by the
Ottawa, Arnprior and
Parry Sound Railway
in connection with this route.
WRITE FOR PARTICULARS.
R. A. CARTER, Agent,
1 I 5 Board of Trade Building, Montreal.
E. J. CHAMBERLIN, C. J. SMITH,
General Manager, General Pass. Agent,
OTTAWA, ONT.
THE GATEWAY OF THE COUNTRY.
Lake Champlain. Lake George.
TIIUOTTCtH tlie i>itturus(jiio and historic Lakes (Jcorfje and rham]'lain
to the famous suniin<M' resorts in the Grc<»n, A<lirondack and White
Mountains, Montreal, l:>arato«ja and Ausabh' Ehasin.
Beautiful Lake and MoiintAin Scenery. Unrivalled for Grandeur and Beauty.
The Popular Pleasure Uoute between all points in the Northern Country.
Tonchin^ at Hotel Champlaio four times daily.
The majrniflcent side-wheel sG'amers " Vermontand '^Ohatenufray "
Lake Chairi])lain, '"Horieon" and " Ticonderojra " on Lake (ieora"<'.
Main and close connections with all trains on the Delaware & Hudson
Canal Company's 11. K. ut Fort Ticondero^ra and Caldwell for Saratojra,
Albany, New York and points south, at Plattsburf^h for Ojrdensburjrh,
Thonsnnd Islamls, Montreal and Quebec.
At Piattsl )»ir«'li with the Chateaujray 11. K. for all points in the Adirondacks.
At Ikirling-ton with the Central Vermont li. K. for White and Green
Mountains rcsoi*ts.
At Port Kent for Ausable Chasm,
Meals served on board, Tickets sold and cheeked to Destination.
General Office, QEORQE RUSH LOW,
Burlington, Yt. General Manager.
THE WITHERILU
PLATTSBURGH, N. Y.
RECENTLY ENLARGED.
Located ill the center of the business portion of the city,
adjacent to the (Tovernment Park and Buildings.
ALL MODERN CONVENIENCES,
ELECTRIC LIGHTS AND BELLS,
STEAM HEAT, ETC.
Free Tkanspoktatiok to and from Trains and Boats.
Rates, Three to Five Dollars Per Day.
WM. H. HOWELL,
* Proprietor.
HOTEL
VICTORIA J QUEBEC.
A Delightful Hotel for Tourists
While Visiting the Did Fortress City.
One Block from the Grand Battery.
Overlooking the Beautiful Valley of the
St. Charles River.
A PICTURESQUE PANORAMA
OF
BEAUTY AND GRANDEUR
Rooms with Baths, etc.
Rates: $2 to $3.
Address—
HOTEL VICTORIA^
QUEBEC, CANADA
Ti^c
St. J^Wrei^ce
Moi^treal, Gar^ada.
HESRY HOGAN, Proprietor.
SAMUEL MONTGOMERY, Manager.
I^j.le5; From $2.^0 Per UpW(i.rd5.
AMERICAN PLAN.
The Hotel is situated on St. James Street, directly
opposite the General Post Office, in the most
central part of the city. . . . .
^afiitar^ Qrrarigeajerits Perfeef.
0aisiHe and Seruiee of Best.
Under the patronage of some of the most
distinguished people in Great Britain and
America. .......
SARATOGA.
A Saline-Alkaline Water,
Cathartic and Alterative,
Of High Medicinal Virtues.
By its efficacy, purity, and acknowledged sanitary prop¬
erties, and the liapj)y proportions of its various Alkaline
salts. The Oonouess Watek stands Unkivalled by all,
as attested by the great Mineral-Water drinking publie who
might have been seen the past season, at Saratoga, hurrying
to slake their thirst at this Healthful Fountain.
While the water is now as strongly cathartie as at any
period since its discovery— over one hundred years ago—it
still retains the Delicious Flavor and Smooth Cathar¬
tic Action that has always been characteristic of this
famous water.
It is carefully packed and shij)ped in cases of 4 and 2 dozen
pints and 2 dozen quarts. Congress Water is for sale by all reputable
Druggists, Grocers, Wine Merchants and Hotels, and by
CONGRESS SPRING CO.,
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.
f^lCHELIEU JHOTEL.
The iiliovo is tlio only First-('i.Ass IIotkf. sitii.-ilod in (ho oontro
of (ho oily of Moiitroal koiit on (ho Aniorican and Eiiropoan
plans, a noo("ssity so lony: dosirod by tlio Iravoliiiir pnblio. It contains
aoconiniodation tor over 400 GUESTS, witli ovory possible modern
convenience and luxury (hat caiad'id Ihonirbt can sui^f^est, tlins making
this Hotel by far the most pnd'erable resoi-l for Tonrisls in Hio city
of Monlreal.
Tiik Tkums of this Hotel will bo found as reasonable as any
first-class hotiso on the coidineid, and are as follows: — Amuhican
Plan, from fS.ht) to sfid.ho per day ; hhniom'-.an Plan. Tlooms from
One ($1) Dollar per day upwards.
Tourists will find on evm-y boat one of onr .\geids. who will bo
honored to receive any orders and m.ake .any siaa-i.al agreement to
somire them .all the comfoit. laapdred.
One visit is ro.spectfnlly solicited to convince the public of the
comfort and complofoness of otir arrangements.
Tourists are Specially Warned ag.dnst inisro])rosi'ntations of
interested parties.
ISIDORE B. DUROCHER & CO., Proprietors.
H. 15.—The Omidbnses of the Hotel will be found wiuting
the arrivid of all Trains and Steamers.
Empire Spring
In flavor, agreeable medi¬
cinal effects, and bottling
qualities, the EMPIRE
WATER is unsurpassed.
It is bottied direct from
Wood Tubing with no
extra gassing, and pos¬
sesses phenomenai power
to hold its medicinai
properties in soiution
-■ after being uncorked.
saratoga.n.y. *
The statement made by Dr. Charles S. Grant is worthy of the attention
of all who desire the {rreatest good from the use of Saratoga mineral
waters. He says: "In my thirty years' experience as a physician in
Saratoga, I have prescribed the Empire Spring Water for drinking before
breakfast. For cathartic and alterative effects there is none superior."
PRICES;
p. O. B. AT SARATOGA.
Packed suitable for shipment to any part of the world.
Pints, per case of 4 dozen, - $6.00 Quarts, per case of 2 dozen, - $4.80
2 " - 3.00 " " 1 " - 2.25
PRICES FOR REFILLING:
PINTS, per dozen - 75c. QUARTS, per dozen, - - - $1.00
This is where bottles bearing our trade-mark "B" are returned to us,
either by express or freight. I.«ave your name on the boxes, and address
to us with card well tacked on.
Notify us of shipment by mail.
We take them from R.B. and return again, free of charge.
Freight charges for both ways are collectible when refilled boxes are
received at your K.R. station.
Empire Water is never sold on draught.
Address EMPIRE SPRING CO.,
National Express will bring Empties Saratooa Sneinnn N Y
and return lilItU for char^ one way. odraiuga oprifiySi w* ■«
CLARENDON HOUSE
AND COTTAGES,
CLARENDON SPRINGS, VT.
OPEN JUNE TO OCTOBER.
LoMted among the ** Green Hills.*' Accommodations for 200 Guests.
Farm eonnected with Hotel. Western Union Telegraph Office In House.
Tennis Court. Bowling Alley. Croquet Grounds.
The drives about the Springs are unsurpassed in beauty by anysection in the State.
CLARENDON SPRING WATERS.
These Pure Waters issue from the rock and from a great depth, as the uniform
temperature of the water shows, being 47° in Sumhbu and 46° in Wintsr. 600
gallons flow from the Springs each hour. They are unequalled as health-giving
waters.
These Springs were discovered in 1776. The following is taken from the
Geological Survey of Vermont, Vol. II. " These springs were doubtless among
the first ever visited in this country for their medicinal virtues, and are more
resorted to than any others in the Slate. Tradition informs lis that their medical
; character was first discovered in 1776, by one Asa Smith, who resided in the eastern
part of the town. While the invalid is restored to heaith through the agency of the
medicinal properties contained In the water, the pleasure seeker can find a full
share of enjoyment in the beautiful scenery, the pleasant drives and places of
Interest to be visited."
A TABLE WATER OF THE HIGHEST EXCELLENCE.
For sale in barrels, hal f barrels, bottles, quarts and pints. Pamphlets containing
valuable letters sent on application.
State Board of Health, C. S. Caverlt, H.I)., President. I
Rutland, Vt., Nov. 29, 1891.1
Clarendon Spring Water is a refreshing beverage and pure table water. The
Springs are beautifully located, and to those who seek rest and recreation with fine
scenery and cool, refreshing air, the locality offers an ideal summer resort.
C. S. CAVERLY, H.D.
THE CLARENDON SPRINGS,
four in number, arc located in a beautiful valley in the Town of Clarendon, among
the green hills of Vermont, at an elevation of 1,000 feet above the level of the sea,
four miles from West Rutland Station, on the Delaware & Hudson Railroad.
THEIR LOCATION IS VERY ACCESSIBLE
fnfm the prominent cities of New England and New York, being 7 hours from New
York, 6 hours from Boston, 3 hours from Troy and Albany, 2 hours from Saratoga.
COACH AND CARRIAGES IN READINESS ON ARRIVAL OF ALL TRAINS.
GEORGE M. FLETCHER, Proprietor, Clarendon Springs, Vt.
The Hartford Courant,
HARTFORD, CONN.
(Established in 1764.)
OLDEST NEWSPAPER IN AMERICA.
REPRESENTATIVE JOURNAL OF NEW ENGLAND;
LEADING NEWSPAPER OF CONNECTICUT.
DAILY, $8.00 A YEAR.
SEMI-WEEKLY, $1.00 A YEAR.
ENTERPRISING. FEARLESS. RELIABLE.
NEWSY. ABLE. CLEAN.
We have the n.amcs on onr books, and by our own delivery system
and by mail wc send " The Courant" into the homes of the iwople.
THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN CONNECTICUT.
"The Courant" spares no ctlort or expense in mainiaining its
position at the head of the newspaper press of Connecticut, a position
wliicTi it has held for
132 YEARS.
PROPRIETORS;
JOSEPH R. HAWLEY, CHARLES HOPKINS CLARK,
CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER, ARTHUR L. GOODRICH,
FRANK S. CAREY.
Owned and furnished by the Hon. Levi P. Morton, was opened
in October, 1889, as an apartment house; since then the building
has been enlarged by the addition of one hundred rooms, single
and en suite (with baths attached), and has been leased by the
undersigned, who proposes to conduct THE SHOREHAM on both
the American and European plans.
Suites of rooms may be secured by yearly rental, as here¬
tofore, or transiently, if desired.
THE SHOREHAM is most advantageously situated, being in
the centre of the most fashionable section of the city, accessible
from all points of interest, within five minutes walk of the Executive
Mansion and War, Navy, State and Treasury Departments.
THE SHOREHAM has all the conveniences of modern archi¬
tecture, being fireproof, illuminated with electric lights, and
supplied with a swift and safe elevator service.
JOHN T. DEVINE,
Formerly WASHINGTON, D. C,
Long Beach Hoiel, Long Beach, L. I.
St. James Hotel, N. Y.
:IurQ5<lu^
Trunk
RinQ
The Only Line whose Trains are Everywhere Protected by
BLOCK SAFETY SIGNALS.
THE ONLY LINE
WITHOUT CHANGE
FROM
New York, Chicago,
Cleveland, Cincinnati,
TO
BeaatifnlChautanqiiaMe
Located at a high altitude, amidst charming surroandlngs, its shores
dotted by hotels of unusual excellence,
Chautauqua Lake is Famous as the Ideal Summer Resort,
And is most conveniently reached by the
Picturesque Erie Lines.
D. I. ROBERTS, General Passenger Agens
PEOPLE'S LINE STEAMERS
ON
HUDSON RIVER.
DURING SEASON OF NAVIGATION, STEAMERS
drew or dean richmond,
CoDt S. J. ROE. CttDt. J. H. MANVILLE.
AND THE
LEAVE NEW YORK FOR ALBANY.
Daily, Sundays excepted, at 6 P.ITE., from Pier 41 (Old No.},
North liiver, foot of Cauai Street.
(Saturday night steamer connects at Albany Sunday morning for Saratoga
and points via B. & H. K. JR. Also West via N. Y. C. & H. R.)
Connecting with trains for SARATOGA, LAKE GEORGE, LAKE CIIAMPLAIN,
;^he ADIRONDACKS and Summer Resorts of the NORTH, EAST and WEST.
The N. Y. C. & H. R. R. and the West Sliore Railroad have made a special
arrangement with the PeopleV Line Steamers whereby pas>engers holding through
tickets to New York and points South can have their choice of loutes from Albany.
Passengers can have their tickets exchanged by the conductors of trains before
arriving at Albany for a ticket good over People's Line Steamers.
I^asaenifers from the South holding tickets over railroads going West,
can have their tickets exchanged at People's Line office, Pier 41, N. R., foot Canal
street, New York, for tickets good over People's Line Steamers for Albany.
LEAVE ALBANY FOR NEW YORK.
Every week-day at 8 P.M., or on arrival of trains from NORTH, EAST and WEST,
connecting at New York with ALL EARLY TRAINS for the SOUTH. Meals on
the European Plan, Freight received up to time of departure.
FOR TICKETS IN NEW YORK
Apply at Company's Office (Pier 41, North River); and at all principal Hotels and
Ticket Offices in New York, and on board the Steamers. R. R. Office throughout
the country.
Tickets srld and baggage checked to all points WEST via N. Y. O. & H. R. R.,
N. Y. & W. S., B. & H. C. Co., Fitchburg, Cent'l Vt., B. & A., and O. & L. C.
Railroads, etc. ^
W. W. EVERETT, J. HT ALLAIRE, F. C. EARLE, M. B. WATERS,
J^ESident. Gen. T. Agent. Gen. Ft. Agent, Gen. Foes. Agent.
SARATOGA
GEYSER WATER!
THE LEADING WATER OF SARATOGA.
FOR DYSPEPSIA it is unrivaied. It contains
more Soda and Magnesia combined than any
other Saratoga water.
FOR KIDNEY DISEASES it, beyond dis¬
pute, exceis ail other waters. It contains a much
larger quantity of Lithia than any of the so-caiied
Lithia waters.
AS A CATHARTIC, when taken rather
warm before breakfast, it is mUd yet thorough,
it is not a harsh water.
BEWARE OF MANUFACTURED WATER,
Ask for SARATOGA Geyser.
For sale by the Glass, fresh from the Bottle, at our office, No. 34(
Broadway, Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Address
GEYSER SPRING CO.,
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y.
HUDSON RIVER BY DAYLIGHT.
DAY lilflE STEAmEl^S,
"NEW YORK" AND "ALBANY,"
Leave Brooklyn, by Annex, 8 a.m., New York, Desbrosses St. Pier,
N. R. (adjoininjr Jersey (MtyPerry), 8.40 A.m., and foot 23d St., N. R.,
9 a.m., landing; at Yonkers, West Point, Newbnrcfh, Ponffhkeepsie,
Kin^fston Point, Catskill and Hudson. Returning, leave Albany,
8.30 a.m., from foot of Hamilton St., arriving in New York at 5.30 p.m.
CHOICE OF TWO ROUTES TO THE
RESORTS-^ OE THE OATsmtlLES.
CONNECTIONS:
WEST POINT—With Stages for and West Point ffotels,
and with down boat at 2.5i>.
NEWBITROH—With down boat at 2.15.
POUCillKEEPSIE—With down boatatl.20. Philadelphia and Reading R.R.
and New England K.R.
KINGSTON POINT—With the Ulpter nnd Delaware R. R. for Rondont,
Kingston and all points in the Catskill Mountains reached by the Ulster and
Delaware, Stony Clove and Catskill Mountain, and Kaatei'skill Railroads, and
Lake Mohonk.
CATSKILE—With Catskill Mountain R.R. and Otis Elevating Ry.
HITDSON—With Boston and Albany R.R., for Chatham, Flttsfield, North Adams,
Lebanon Springs, etc.
,^LbAN Y—Willi tlu'ough trains for Utica, Alexandria Bay, Geneva, Nlag^ara
Fall99 Riilt'alo* Watertowii, Thousand iKlandH and Western
points. Special trams from the Steamers' Wharf to and from Saratog^a.
Through tickets sold to ail points.
SEND SIX CENTS FOR "SUMMER EXCURSION BOOK."
MEALS SERVED ON THE EUROPEAN PLAN.
AN ELEGANT ORCHESTRA ON EACH STEAMER.
Tickets reading via New York Central and Hudson River or West Shore Rail'
roads, between Albany and New Y'ork, are available on these Steamers.
BLINDNESS CAN BE
PREVENTED AND CURED
THK BEMIS SAKITAKIUM ANI) ANNEX, (!LENS PALLS, N. Y.
Treat the Cause of Diseased Eyes and IMO TCIMTPP I
Impaired Vision and Restore your Eyesight. rViNLTHi
■M(^ RT^TC I ^h^ most successful and humane treatment
• in the world is the Absorption Treatment
It not only gives tlii^ juilient ii new lease of life but cures and
relieves many of the following diseases whieh have been jironouneed
incurable by leading oculists; Cataracts. Sears, Films, Paralysis.
Glaueoma, Amaurosis, Atrophy of the Ojdie Nerve. I)eta< hed Ketina,
Weeping Fyes. Tumors, Inflammation or Ulceration of the Eyes,
Granulated Evelids, and all diseases of a chronic nature
EVERYBODY slundd read our pamphlet, which is sent fnfio
any address. It gives the cause of failing eyesight and diseased eyes,
how prevented and eared at our Sanitarium or hij mail. Address
THE BEMIS SANITARIUM
GLENS FALLS, N. Y.
Branch Office, 200 Columbus Avenue, BOSTON.
HOTEL CHAMPLAIN.
On the Delaware &. Hudson R. R.
The Superb Summer Resort of the North.
Vast and mnsnlficent views of lakes and mountains. Fishing and hunting.
Ridins and rambling. Exquisite scenery. Romantic historicallocalities. A lofty
and airy situation. Panoramic views of Adirondack and Green Mountains. The
natural transfer point between "D. & H." trains and Lake Champiain Steamers.
Station and Steamboat pier in the grounds. A hne Golf conise in the grounds.
O. O* SEATEY, manager,
F. O. Address Hotel Champiain,
Clinton County, N. Y.
Delaware & Hudson
R. R.
THE SHORTEST, QUICKEST AND BEST LINE BETWEEN
mw YORK AND MONTREAL.
The route via the St. Lawreuce, Montreal, Lake Champiain, Lake George,
Saratoga and the Hudson River, is the greatest highway bf summer pleasure
travel in America.
Send 4 cents postage for fine Descriptive Guide to
J. W. BTTRDICK,
G. P. Agt., Albany, N. T.
atog^
lincoln Spring Co.
A WONDERFUL SALINE, ALKALINE WATER,
Combining the most valuable mineral properties in the happiest
solution, and producing a
DELICIOUS TABLE WATER
Suited to all the purposes of the Dining Table. It combine:
Lithia and Magnesia and makes a
SPLENDID BLOOD PURIFIER AND STOMACE
REGULATOR.
It acts finely on the Kidneys and is good for all disease:
of the Bladder and Kidneys, and is a
GREAT RESTORATIVE AND SLEEP PRODUCER.
It is in no way injurious to persons who are well and need nc
medicine, but may be taken freely by those in good health without
any injurious effect. It tends to keep the physical system ir
good healthy condition.
It is bottled at the spring with its own natural Carbonic Acic
Gas which is so highly recommended by physicians.
IT IS PUT UP IN BOTTLES ONLV,
and packed in cases containing two dozen quart bottles or foui
dozen pint bottles of water.
IT IS NEVER SOLD ON DRAUGHT.
Send for a Trial Case,
Address all orders to
LINCOLN SPRING CO.,
SARATOGA SPRINGS, N. Y,
IH. S. CLEMENT, Manager. CLEMENT &. COX, Owners and Proprietors.
I OO Rooms at SI 7.SO per week. 300 Rooms at $3.CO per day.
200 Rooms at $2.SO and S4.00 per day.
J Vashington/^J
, D'(-
T. E. KOESSEE,
Ero_prietor.
THE "SYWIPHOIMY"
Tliink of having a ■well-
trained orchestra in your
own home, rea<ly to jilay just
what you 'wish, and just
when you want it—
THAT'S THE SYMPHONY.
Any one can learn to oper¬
ate the Symphony in a few
days. Imt yon cannot appre¬
ciate what this means till
you hear it—then you'll de¬
sire to possess it!
DAILY RECITALS,
NEW YORK,
123 FIFTH AVE.
BOSTON,
W. W. KIMBALL CO.
PHILADELPHIA,
1308 CHESTNUT ST.
An<T first-clsiss music* dealers jrenemlly.
WILCOX & WHITE ORGAN 00., Makers,
Send for Pamphlet. MERIDEN, CONN.
OLD DOMINION LINE.
SAILING FROM
PIER 26 (New No.), NORTH RIVER,
Foot of Beach St., New York,
FOR
NORFOLK, PORTSMOUTH, OLD POINT COMFORT,
VIRGINIA BEACH, NEWPORT NEWS, RICHMOND,
AND PETERSBURG, VA., AND WASHINGTON, D. C.,
Monday. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday.
For RICHMOND, via James River Route,
Monday, Wednesday and Saturday.
For WEST POINT, VA.,
Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
Connecting at Old Point Comfort or Norfolk, for Washington, D C.
(via Potomac River) daily. Connecting at Norfolk, Va,. with day
line boats for Baltimore, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday Nights,
fime between New York and Old Point Comfort and Norfolk 18 to 32
hours; to Richmond, 27 to 38 hours; Petersburg, 26 hours; Norfolk
to Washington, D. C., 12 hours; Norfolk to Baltimore, 12 hours.
All Steamers Sail at 3 P.M., Saturdays 4 P.M., from New York.
THE NEW AND MAGNIFICENT STEAMSHIPS
JAMESTOWN AND YORKTOWN
Leave New York Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday.
A great variety of Excursion Tickets, by steamship and return by
rail, can be had on application.
Tickets and Staterooms for sale at General Offices of Company,
Pier 26 (Foot of Beach St.), New York.
W. L. GUILLAUDEU,
Vice-President and Traffic Manager.
THE POPUUR
TOURIST ROUTE
OF
AMERICA.
CHICAGO, DETROIT,
NIAGARA FALLS, TORONTO,
MUSKOKA LAKES, GEORGIAN BAY,
THOUSAND ISLANDS OF THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER,
ADIRONDACKS, MONTREAL, QUEBEC, THE SAGUENAY,
CACOUNA, DALHOUSIE, N. B., HALIFAX,
WHITE MOUNTAINS, PORTLAND,
OLD ORCHARD BEACH.
PALACE PARLOR AND SLEEPING CARS ON ALL THROUGH TRAINS.
THE ROUTE OF THE WHITE MOUNTAIN SPECIAL.
ASK FOR TICKETS VIA THE
GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM
CHAS. M. HAYS, General Manager,
Montreal.
GEO. B. REEVE, W. E. DAVIS,
General Traffic Manager, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, '
Montreal. Montreal.
GEO. T, BELL,
Ass*t Gen'l Passenger and Ticket Agent,
Montreal.
STAND ALONE IN THE MATTER OF
Perfect Construction, Beauty of Finish,
Symmetrical Lines, and Shooting Qualities.
They Make the Cleanest Scores at all
Tournaments.
PARKER BROTHERS, Meriden, Con
CRANSTON'S HOTEL, WEST POINT ON HUDSON.
Cranston's, N. Y., H. Cranston, Proprietor.
This delightful hotel is one of the finest resorts in America. It
stands on a prominent eminence on the west bank of the Hudson,
about 200 feet above the river, and adjoining the grounds of the
United States Government Military Academy at West Point.
It is situated in the heart of the Highlands, and commands one
of the grandest views to be obtained on this beautiful river so
famous for its picturesque and magnificent scenery. The hotel
is built of brick and so constructed that all of its rooms com¬
mand delightful views of the surrounding river and mountain
scenery. Cranston's stands unrivalled among the resorts in the
elegance and comforts of its appointments. The hotel is lighted
by gas, is supplied with elevators, and furnished throughout with
new sanitary plumbing and other modern improvements. The
cuisine is famous for its excellence and is not surpassed in
America. The hotel is supplied with pure mountain spring water.
The grounds around the hotel embrace about twenty acres of
fine lawn, more or less covered with beautiful sha«le trees, and
afford delightful and ample playgrounds for the guests-of the
hotel. The grounds are diversified with beautiful grassy lawns,
large shade trees of rich foliage, an occasional rock standing out
in bold relief, several neat and pretty cottages dotting the
grounds in quiet picturesqueness, and numerous flowers and
grasses arranged in varied forms to beautify the charming envi¬
ronments of this elegant resort. A broad piazza extends arouud
the hotel for 500 feet, overlooking the beautiful grounds and
scenery, and affords a healthful and delightful promenade.
Mr. Cranston keeps his resort open in winter. By enclosing
the broad piazzas with glass, he converts them into delightful
lounging-rooms for invalids, who enjoy the scenery and pure
mountain air in comfort and safety. The atmosphere in winter
resembles that of Davoz Platz, in Switeqrland, which is so help¬
ful to asthmatics and consumptives.
Cranston's is but 48 miles from New York, and easily reached
by the New York Central and by the West Shore Raih-oads during
all the year, and by the Hudson River steamboats during the
summer. Cranston's Hotel stages meet all trains and steamboats.
The FAMODS TRUNK
LINE ROUTE^®
PARSING AS IT DOES
ALONG THE WEST SHORE
OF THE
HUDSON RIVER,
AND THROUGH THE
PICTUKE8QUE
MOHAWK VALLEY
IS THE POPULAR
we:st-«-shori:
=railroad==
THE ONLY LINE RUNNING
WAGNER BUFFET PALACE SLEEPING CARS between
new york and toronto
•WXTIiOXJT OHA-ISrO-B.
THE ONLY ALL RAIL ROUTE AND THROUGH DRAWING ROOM CAR LINE
TO AND raOM THE
1SL0\J1STA.T1SH.
Special Trains, Drawing Room Cars attached, are run during the Summer Season between
NEW YORK AND NEW PALTZ
FOR LAKES MOHQNK AND M1NNEWASKA.
DRAWING ROOM CARS, WITHOUT CHANGE, BETWEEN
NEW YORK, PHILADELPHIA AND BLOOIVIVILLE,
AND BETWEEN
YVASlllRGTON, BALTIMORE, PlIlLADKLPIilA. LONG KRANCII, POINT PLEASAKT,
NEW YORK nnd SARATOGA and LAKE GEORGE.
FAST EXPRESS TRAINS. WITH ELEGANT PALACE AND SLEEPING CARS,
BETWEEN
NEW YORK, BOSTON, NEWBI RGU. KiVGMON, ( A'ISKILL. ALBANY, SARATOGA. MONTREAL,
UTIt'A, SYUACISK, ROCHESTHK, RI FI-tLO. MA(.ARl FOXS, lIiMIITO\, LONRON. TORONTO,
DETROIT, (LEYELAND, CllirtOO hikI ST. LOUS, ^irillOlT I'lIANGE.
For Tickets, Time Tables, and full information, apply to any Ticket Acent "West f^hore
Railroad, or address, ®
0. E. LAMBERT, Gen'l Pass. Agt., 5 Vanderbilt Ave., NEW YORK.
HOUSE SAFE. FIRE AND BURGLAR PROOF.
In addition to our regular Business Safes
and celebrated Screw-Door Bank Safe, we
make a special feature of
HOUSE SAFES
for home security. Several sizes in Cabinet
Liiglit wall, with
regular bolt work, design (heavy wall), and two sizes light wall.,
fiiiislietl ill any col¬
or, or to match any Prices moderate. Second-hand Safes in large
woodwork.
Write for Catalogue. Variety.
MOSLER SAFE CO.,
305 Broadway, cor. Duane St. New York.
Qiinfinfiiii If n A nf IA It described in a new illustraled book, ''Summer Homes
0UIIIIII6I laudllUli ahono the Green Hills of Vermont and alono the
Shores op Lake Champlain," containing selected addresses of the Best Family
Homes for entertaining Summer Guests, at prices from $4 to $10 per week, also
list of finest Hotels with prices and Excursion Rates. Out-door pleasures, fishing,
boating, climate and scenery, all uoexcelied. Mailed free on application to
A, W, ECCLESrONE, S. P. A., 353 Broadway, N.Y., or S. W. CUMMINGS.G. P, A„ St.Albans,Vt
The Popular Tourists' Route between New York, Boston and
Montreal, Thoustuid Islands, and all Canadian Points.
WHBRE SHAI.1. WB SPEND THE SPininER?
Leland's Ocean House,
NEWPORT, R. I.
"Where Every Breeze Wafts Music."
BATHING, BOATING,
FISHING, YACHTING,
OCEAN DRIVES, AND CLIFF WALKS.
SEA FOOD A SPECIALTY.
SPECIAL RATES FOB JULY AND THE SEASON.
OPENS JUNE 18, 1896.
Address: WARREN LELAND, Jr., Manager,
NEWPORT, R. I.
Sea Food and Sea A.ir are what the System Needs,
COLLEGE SONGS.
CARMINA TALENSIA. —A Choice Collection of Yale and
other College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments,
and Engraving of Yale College Buildings. Extra cloth, $1.25.
SONGS OP COLUniBIA.—A New Collection of Columbia
College Songs, with Music and Piano-Forte Accompaniments. Bound
in extra cloth, showing the College Colors, blue and white. Price,
$1.25.
SONGS OP 'PALE.—A Collection of College Songs, popular
at Yale University, selected and edited by Charles S. Elliot. 12mo,
eloth. Price, 84 cents per copy.
HEXICO AND THE MEXICANS.—^A Graphic Description
of the Country and People of Mexico, and a convenient Guide.
Book for Tourists. 12mo, cloth, $1.26.
CATSKILL MOUNTAINS.-Edited by Rev. Charles Rock.
Well. 12mo, cloth, $1.00.
Any of above books sent by mail, post-paid, on receipt of price.
TAINTOR brothers, Publishers,
13 ASTOR PLACE, NEW YORK.
NEW YORK m NEW ENGLAND
RAILROAD.
Travelers between New Yokk and Boston should
always ask for tickets via the
"AIR LINE LIMITED " TRAIN,
Leaving either city 3.00 p.m. DAILY, including
SUNDAY, due destination 9.00 p.m.
Vestibuled Buffei Smoker, Parlor Cars and Coaches.
DINING CAR BETWEEN BOSTON AND WILLIMANTIC.
see that your tickets read via
New York and New England and "Air Line" Rente.
THE NORWICH LINE.
INSIDE ROUTE.
Steamers leave Pier 40, North lliver. New York,
5.30 p.m. week days only. Connecting at New
London with Vestibuled Steamboat Express
Train due Worcester 8.1)0 a.m.,
Boston 9.00 a.m.
RETURNING.
Train leaves Boston 7.05 p.m. week days only.
Connecting at New London with Steamers of
the Line due New York 7.00 a.m.
Tickets, Parlor Car Seats, Staterooms on
Steamers, and full information at offices:
8)53 Broadway, 1
(irand centrai. station, VNEW YORK.
Pier 40, North River, )
822 Washington St., i nnsTfiv
Station toot of Summer St.,)
GEO. F. RANDOLPH,
General Traffic Manager, Boston.
W. R. BABCOCK,
June 20. General Passenger Agent.
THE BRUNSWICK,
Boston's Grandest Hotel.
American and European Plans.
Near Public Garden, Museum of Fine Arts, New Old soutn, ana opposite i rinity trninips oroons ' v......
Brookline. Huntington Ave., and all "Back Bay " Cars pa^ the Hotel.
HUBERT H. BARNES, Manager. BARNES & DUNKUEE, Proprietors.
OPPOSITE THE TREASURY
S, ONE*BLO'CK FROM THE WHITE HOUSE*
THE HOTEL PAR EXCELLENCE OF THE NATIONAL CAPITAL.
CABLE, ELECTRIC AND HORSE CARS
PASS THE DOORS TO ALL PARTS OF THE CITY,
This well and favorably known hotel was re-opened for business on
October 21, 1891.
The new management has refitted and renovated the house throughout with
new furniture, new carjiets, and fresh handsome decorations, pleasing to the eye
and suited to the most fastidious tastes.
It has been the aim of the proprietors to refit the entire building in a first-class
manner, and everything has been done to secure the comfort of guests of the house,
and with the experienced corps of help there can be no doubt of its becoming at
once the most popular hostelry at the National Capital.
From the windows can be seen the Washington Monument, the highest struc¬
ture in the world, being 555 feet 6^ inches from base to apex; the U. S. Treasury
and Lafayette Square. In the latter place, and within view, is the beautiful work of
art known as the Lafayette Monument, while in the center of the square stands the
renowned equestrian statue of Jackson.
Perhaps the greatest pride of the management is the magnificent dining-room,
lighted with its four immense chandeliers, brilliant with many incandescent electric
lamps, and carpeted with a handsome carpet that deadens every sound and con¬
veys to the diner a feeling of exquisite quiet highly conducive to a hearty ai>petite
and perfect digestion.
G. DE WITT,
Treasurer.
RIGGS HOUSE CO.,
At the Head to Stay
rERE are good points in many typewriters, but for EASE OF
OPERATION. PERMANENCY OF ALIGNMENT, SIMPLICITY
OF CONSTRUCTION.WEARINGQUALITIESand ADJUSTABILITY
FOR WEAR, the BEST by large odds is the
CALIGRAPH TYPEWRITER.
THERE IS NONE OTHER SO GOOD.
Descriptive Catalogue of Caligraphs and Typewriter Supplies
will be sent on request.
"•Caligraph Typewriter
is the great time-saver of a busy world—the evolution of fourteen
years. The first successful writing machine, and the leader of
to-day. It has no rival.
The Caligraph Typewriter is used everywhere throughout the
civilized world, being fitted for many languages. In all competitive
tests it has easily taken first place as the speediest, most convenient
and most durable typewriter of the age. Ask for a Catalogue.
THE AMERICAN WRITING MACHINE CO.,
HARTFORD, CONN., U. S. A.
5556 000 109
99