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Research Work on Projects
of the Works Progress
Administration
r-
Reprinted from the
Hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee
on Appropriations, House of Representatives, on the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938
and Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act of 1938
WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
WASHINGTON, D. C.
+
Research Work on Projects
of the Works Progress
Administration
+
Reprinted from the
Hearings before the Subcommittee of the Committee
on Appropriations, House of Representatives, on the
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1938
and Public Works Administration
Appropriation Act of 1938
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON : 1938
RESEARCH WORK ON PROJECTS OF THE WORKS
PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION
The results of research and statistical project operations are of three types.
The first consists of the training and experience furnished the workers many of
whom have secured permanent research jobs in private industry or local govern¬
ment service. In a number of cases local governments have found the activities
of statistical projects indispensible and have absorbed the entire activity, including
the personnel, as a regular function. The material results of project activities
are divided into two broad categories—work with statistics or records, and re¬
search—these are discussed separately in the following sections.
RESULTS OF THE OPERATION OF RECORDS PROJECTS
As indicated above, the accomplishments of records project activities is to be
found in the resulting increases in efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of local
records essential to the effective operation of governmental units. The follow¬
ing paragraphs contain descriptions of representative types of such projects.
Indexes of mortgages and deeds.—Records of the descriptions of real estate are,
of course, in daily use in every community. The index of such records, designed
by the Works Progress Administration as a standard project procedure and put
into operation in many areas, provides far greater accessibility than has hitherto
been possible. This index not only shows an unbroken title record but also in¬
volves revision of records to facilitate the preparation of maps and tax data and
the prosecution of land use, planning, zoning, and housing studies. One recorder
of deeds writes that the minimum cost of a title abstract in his jurisdiction is $30.
There have been cases in which the fee was $1,000. It is estimated that the new
lot and square index prepared in connection with a project in this area is worth not
less than $4,500,000 (at the minimum cost for each abstract); the total cost of the
index will be less than $350,000.
Real property assessments.—Research in assessment of real property has resulted
principally in more equitable distribution of tax burdens. Most local communi¬
ties have lagged far behing in the matter of modern, effective procedures for
assessing real property for ad valorem tax purposes. In order to apply sound
rules and principles, it is essential to have detailed information regarding the size
and physical features of each particular parcel of real property. The assessing
officials have long realized the inadequacies of the old methods but have been
unable to improve them because of lack of time and funds and the pressure of
current work. Through the assistance rendered by the Works Progress Adminis¬
tration in collecting and organizing the necessary information they have been
able to modernize their systems. The striking significance of the results effected
in communities where projects have assembled the information essential to
equalization of values, particularly of residential property, is attested by the
decrease in the number of protests filed by owners. By way of illustration, a
report sent in from St. Louis, Mo., by the city assessor states: "A material,
tangible accomplishment, of the work done to date and the value of this project,
may be shown wherein the special building division, cooperating with the classi¬
fication department, supplied information relative to classifying fireproof office
buildings, fireproof hotel buildings, and fireproof apartment buildings. With
this information, a mathematical value was determined for these three groups of
buildings and used for next year's assessments. This resulted in a revaluation,
and the assessments resulting therefrom caused to be spread upon the city tax
books an increased valuation of $7,000,000. At our present tax rate of $2.77,
the increased revenue to the city and State amounted to approximately $193,900
in the first year. It was found that, when revaluating buildings listed under the
above-mentioned classifications, 35 percent of the assessments were lowered,
20 percent remained the same, and 45 percent were increased. As an example, in
one instance a building had been formerly assessed at $550,000 and by application
07746—38 (1)
2
of our new system (installed with the help of Works Progress Administration
relief workers) the assessment was incresed to $1,800,000 with no appeal being
taken on the assessment."
After an assessment record project had been in operation for about a year, the
general assembly of the State of Arkansas passed a bill (H. B. 240, Brickhouse, et
al.) which provided for a more efficient tax-collection system. The bill virtually
legalized and made mandatory in all counties the method for investigating the
status of tax payments and for reporting tax delinquencies which was used on the
project.
As another aspect of this type of project, inspectors were sent out to record and
classify improvements made upon State lands. Instances were discovered in
which land leased for grazing was in a high state of cultivation and the new findings
resulted in a revenue to the State land department of at least $100,000 (Arizona,
Wm. Alberts, State Land Commissioner, APN-165-02-6017).
Vital statistics records.—Accessibility of vital statistics records is essential to
proper operation of many governmental functions, particularly those involved in
provisions of the Social Security Act. In addition, the records are vital in relation
to marriage, court case, insurance, school enrollment, and accurate birth and death
statistics. The standard project procedure developed and used in many areas has
made it possible to revise these records at minimum cost and with maximum
effectiveness. Not only are the records rendered accessible, but, by virtue of
standard methods, statistical data from one community are, as has hitherto not
been the case, comparable with those from another.
Health records.—The improvement of health records has increased the effective¬
ness of local public health activities. These health studies are not primarily
concerned with the collection of statistics, but with carrying forward some phase of
a registration or health campaign. The Birmingham (Ala.) project in this field
resulted in raising immunization to diphtheria among children from 6 months to 10
years of age from 29 percent to more than 80 percent. With such data at their
disposal, local bodies have conducted energetic campaigns for the prevention of
smallpox infections and other diseases carried by mosquitoes, flies and rodents,
polluted water, and have been able to plan more adequate garbage and rubbish-
disposal facilities.
RESULTS OF RESEARCH PROJECT OPERATIONS
A complete bibliography of reports resulting from the operation of research
projects would consist of more than 3,000 items. The projects described in the
following paragraphs have been selected from several broad fields of research.
The numbers in the text refer to the items on the appended list of projects which
shows the exact title of each report, the name and address of the sponsor and the
official Works Progress Administration project number.
Natural resources.—A wide variety of research projects designed to inventory,
evaluate and determine appropriate uses for natural resources have been under¬
taken. A survey in Oregon resulted in a detailed analysis of various types of soils
and permits generalizations concerning the various types of crops which can be
grown on different soils together with information on the productivity which may
be expected for given crops from a certain type of soil (1). A detailed investiga¬
tion of water resources undertaken under the sponsorship of New York University
has provided valuable data on losses, discharges, soil erosion, probability of floods
and similar data relating to water resources and their uses (2). Mineral resources
and their uses have been the subject of study in a number of States.
Many of these studies have undertaken an inventory of all types of mineral
resources within a State, as for instance a survey in Michigan, in which the de¬
posits of 30 or more minerals were studied (3). In other cases studies have been
restricted to a particular type of deposit. A study of deposits of bauxite (the
only commercial source of aluminum at present) in Arkansas, which supplies over
90 percent of the total annual production of the United States, showed that there
is a supply of the present grade of ore sufficient to last about 40 years at the aver¬
age rate of production for the period 1924-34 (4). Certain of these studies of
mineral deposits have placed more emphasis on the use of the refined product.
Under the direction of the University of North Dakota School of Mines, experi¬
ments in the cost of heating residences and commercial plants with lignite showed
this fuel to be 30 to 40 percent cheaper than dock coals. North Dakota has lig¬
nite deposits estimated at 600,000,000 tons (5).
Science and technology.—A vast amount of research has been undertaken in
many fields of pure and applied science; most of these activities have been car¬
ried on under the direction of colleges and universities. An analysis of the geo-
3
logical conditions associated with recent landslides in San Francisco has contrib¬
uted not only to an understanding of this particular local situation, but has pro¬
vided basic data applicable to many other areas (6). The construction of high¬
ways on mountain sides has long been menaced by erosion and landslides. Relief
labor under the direction of the United States Department of Agriculture has
assisted in conducting a series of experiments leading to control of erosion and
will result in improvements in these highways (7). Reduction of storm hazards
to airplane travel have been made possible by experiments conducted on a project
sponsored by the University of Florida and concerned with methods of locating
and predicting tropical storms by means of new radio apparatus (8). Statistical
data on the relationship between blood pressure and certain types of kidney dis¬
eases now being collected at the University of Minnesota (9) will constitute im¬
portant contributions to medical knowledge; laboratory.experiments on the feasi¬
bility of disposing of garbage through present sewage-disposal facilities have con¬
tributed further to the solution of health problems (10). Contributions to agri¬
cultural technology have resulted from many projects such as a study of perennial
weeds and methods of controlling them undertaken in cooperation with the Agri¬
cultural Extension Division of the University of Minnesota (11). Data of use to
sanitary engineers have been made available by a number of projects which may
be illustrated by a laboratory study of the chemistry of industrial waste disposal
in Connecticut (12).
Agriculture and land economics.—Problems connected with agriculture and land
use have been studied in practically every State in which agriculture is an impor¬
tant industry. Illustrative of this type of research are a large number of broad
surveys of present land use and recommendations as to changes. Over 2,000,000
acres of land were classified as to type and use as well as tenure in California in
connection with a project sponsored by the State university (13). Agricultural
land use studies concerned with the possibilities of producing certain crops are
illustrated by a survey of the potentialities of Louisiana lands for the production
of sugarcane (14) and the detailed analysis of the possibilities of Sea-Island cotton
as a commercial crop in Florida (15). Shortages of water as an agricultural
problem have also been the subject of project research. An exhaustive analysis
of the agricultural and economic developments of the Huntley irrigation project
in Montana (16) and a survey of the techniques and costs of irrigation in Cali¬
fornia are typical (17). A study of operating costs, production, income and
marketing among Minnesota creameries was undertkaen in cooperation with the
State university (18). A State-wide survey of real property assessments in
Montana showed serious inequalities; the ratio of assessed values to sales
values of 5,000 farms ranged from 0.1 to 25.0 (19). Agricultural productivity
studies are illustrated by an analysis of potato crops in Minnesota (20). Com¬
mercial methods in the production of sugar beets with particular reference to
technological changes and labor requirements has been studied as a part of the
activities of the national research projects (21). Another analysis of techno¬
logical changes in agriculture is found in a study of the potential effects of the
mechanical cotton picker (22). In addition to a number of studies of timber
resources there have been several analyses of the effectiveness of reforestation
programs; a Pennsylvania project was set up to study the extent to which nearly
a million State grown trees planted in Bucks County over a period of 10 years
had survived and thus provided information on methods by which the program
can be made more effective (23). A State-wide survey of the Florida fishing
industry produces definite evidence of marketing and distribution facilities suffi¬
ciently inadequate to handicap the entire industry (24).
Housing and real property.—Detailed and exhaustive inspections of all residen¬
tial structures have been undertaken in more than 200 cities. The standard
procedures for this type of study have been developed in cooperation with the
Federal Housing Administration and are regarded by that agency and the United
States Housing Administration as prerequisite to consideration of proposals for
improvement in housing conditions in any community. In addition to these
standardized real property inventories there have been several other types of
research in the field of urban land economics. A study of taxes and special assess¬
ments on real property in Hartford, Conn., showed that one out of each four par¬
cels of property was delinquent and that accumulated tax delinquencies amounted
to more than a third of the total taxes levied in 1 year (25). A detailed survey of
the cost of mortgage foreclosures in New York City resulted in recommendations
which will simplify procedures and considerably reduce the cost of such fore¬
closures (26).
Mining industries.—A survey of mineral production statistics in Arkansas from
1880 to 1935 provided valuable data on the development of the industry which
4
have heretofore not been made available (27), an exhaustive survey of technologi¬
cal changes and resulting unemployment in the mining industry (28), in placer
gold mining (29), in athracite coal mining (30), and in bituminous coal mining
(31), have also been undertaken in connection with the national research project
set up to determine the effects of technological improvements upon industry and
employment.
Commerce, trade, and marketing.—Under the sponsorship of the United States
Tariff Commission, 16 volumes of statistical data on United States imports for
consumption have been compiled. Solely as a result of this project comparable
data are now available for the years 1931 through 1935 (32). Five volumes of
valuable statistical data on cargo tonnage, movement of vessels, commodities
shipped and customs receipts in the Port of Boston during the period 1906-1934
have been compiled (33); a similar study of the port of New York is in process (34).
Project workers under the direction of the United States Tariff Commission
have compiled a valuable bibliography on reciprocal trade agreements and have
thus provided important background material for current negotiations (35). A
study of the marketing of fruits and vegetables in New York City indicated that
37 cents of the consumer's dollar was received by the retailer, 39 cents by the
shipper and grower, while the remainder was divided among the jobber, the
wholesaler, and general transportation costs (36). Under the supervision of the
Investigating Committee of the Utah Governmental Units an exhaustive analysis
of the income, assets, pay-roll costs, and taxes of domestic corporations made
these data available for the first time (37).
Transportation and traffic.—More than 150 studies of motor-vehicle and pedes¬
trian traffic have been undertaken; most of them have been prosecuted in accord¬
ance with the standard procedures mentioned above. These projects, which
furnish data on accidents, traffic flow, parking problems, and law observance,
have provided a factual basis for extensive revision of motor-vehicle laws, for
elimination of hazards and for planning more adequate highway and parking
facilities. Public transportation facilities have also been analyzed as in the case
of a Cincinnati survey of all rail and vehicular traffic which definitely established
the conclusion that a subway is the only effective solution of the city's traffic
problem (38).
Public finance.—Detailed studies of State and local financial resources, policies,
and procedures have enabled political subdivisions to effect marked economies
and increased efficiency of operation. A survey of the possible effects of a pro¬
posed homestead tax exemption law in Nebraska established the conclusions that
inequalities between local communities in the operation of such a law constitutes
a serious factor but that the decrease in total assessed valuation would be con¬
siderably less than was originally anticipated (39). Large numbers of surveys of
the extent of delinquent taxes have provided county and city governments with
essential financial data hitherto inaccessible (40). Methods of financing highway
construction and maintenance have been the subject of a substantial number of
projects. Such a survey in North Dakota revealed serious inequalities in the
system of taxation for highways (41), and a similar study in Washington resulted
in the development of more scientific and equitable procedures for taxation of dif¬
ferent types of motor vehicles (42). The problem of financing public-school
systems has been studied in many States and counties. A Nation-wide study of
the ability of States to finance public schools, undertaken as a project under the
technical direction of Teachers College, Columbia University (43), and an analysis
of the operation of various types of State aid and equalization plans in Colorado
counties (44) are typical.
Government and public administration.—Analyses of governmental structure and
procedures have provided a scientific basis for the elimination of inefficiency,
duplication, and overlapping of functions. Representative of this type of in¬
quiry is a study of more than 800 Government units and districts in the San
Francisco area (45), and analyses of the inadequacy of the existing county lines
in Utah (46) and Kentucky (47). The city of Indianapolis has been enabled to
effect considerable economies in the maintenance of city-owned motor vehicles
as the result of a study sponsored by the bureau of governmental research on
which it was found that the six separate municipal automobile repair shops
operated and the lack of adequate records were important sources of waste (48).
A study of the government of the Milwaukee area disclosed a single local trade
area burdened with no less than 93 governmental units (49). Many States and
communities have operated projects to provide systematic digests and codes of
laws and ordinances which have frequently been in a scattered and chaotic state.
Typical illustrations are the city code of Beverly Hills, Calif., (50) a digest of
North Dakota tax legislation (51), and a detailed analysis of the operation of the
5
Torrens system of property titles in California (52). Many defects in the ad¬
ministration of criminal justice have been revealed by studies in this field. A
detailed analysis of the criminal courts, both State and county, in Georgia (53),
and an exhaustive analysis of the operation of the Kansas habitual criminal law
(54), which showed widespread inconsistences in application, are typical. A
study of the existing division of the city of Cincinnati into police-beat areas
provided data necessary for notable improvements in efficiency of the force (55).
Labor and employment.—Almost every type of labor and employment problem
has been investigated as a part of the research program. A study of occupational-
disease hazards in Massachusetts factories (56) has revealed the necessity for
increased safety measures, and an analysis of the operation of the Oregon work¬
men's compensation law has improved its effectiveness (57). Detailed studies
of the qualifications, training, duties, and chances of advancement involved in
hundreds of occupations in more than 20 broad industrial categories have been
made in cooperation with the United States Employment Service and have eom-
tributed to industrial efficiency as well as providing a sound basis for vocational
training, occupational rehabilitation, and apprenticeship (58, 59, 60). Large
numbers of requests for copies of a resume of working conditions, wages, hours,
and labor relations in the petroleum industry have long since exhausted the
supply of this report based on a research project sponsored by the New York
State Department of Labor (61). Similar analyses have been made of specific
industries in particular localities such, for example, as the study of the lock
and wood-screw industries of Connecticut (62). Seasonal unemployment has
been studied in several areas and a number of solutions for the problem developed.
A survey of seasonal labor on the irrigated farms of Arizona is typical (63).
The employment problems of special classes and groups of workers have been
investigated in such projects as the survey of Negro "white collar" and skilled
workers (64) in Atlanta and Spokane (65), and the analysis of special problems
of unemployment and dependency among cigar makers resulting from techno¬
logical changes in the industry (66). Many studies of employment statistics
and trends have been undertaken. A 7-year study of industrial-employment
fluctuations in Cincinnati is typical (67) and has provided sound bases for planning
governmental activities.
Crime and delinquency.—In addition to the studies of the administration of
criminal justice mentioned above, a series of analyses of the causes and types of
criminality and delinquency has made notable contributions to the prevention of
crime, especially juvenile delinquency. Many communities have discovered a
partial remedy for juvenile delinquency after research projects have produced
data showing a correlation between delinquency rates and lack of adequate
recreational facilities in certain sections of the city or county. Such a survey
made in Seattle under the sponsorship of the juvenile court is typical (68); a
similar but more elaborate study has been made under the direction of the New
York City Welfare Council (69). The characteristics of adult criminals have
been analyzed in a number of studies as illustrated by a comparative study of jail
inmates and the general population in San Jose County, Calif. (70), and a survey
of criminals in Colorado penal institutions (71).
Disease and sanitary problems.—A city-wide general survey of health conditions
in Detroit, with special emphasis on child diseases (72), has made available the
data essential to development of any program for improving the physical con¬
dition of the general population. Yet, in a sense, this study is but a beginning
and requires such amplification as has been provided by many research projects
concerned with special situations. A survey of 2,739 tuberculosis cases in San
Francisco furnished the necessary factual basis for more effective control of the
disease in that community (73). In addition to a large number of studies of
particular physical diseases, surveys of health and sanitary hazards have provided
a basis for improved conditions. Illustrative of this type of inquiry is a study of
the effects of present methods of industrial waste disposal in New Jersey (74).
A survey of the numbers and characteristics of crippled children in Georgia (75)
and a study of the blind in North Carolina (76) are illustrative of research in the
problems of the handicapped, their care and possible economic rehabilitation.
Studies of the incidence and types of mental disease and characteristics of the
person affected have provided more adequate data for psychiatric treatment and
for more intelligent planning of mental hospital facilities (77, 78).
Health and public welfare.—Research into the methods of treatment of various
types of social problems has made many improvements possible. Studies of the
operation of health clinics in Detroit and Cleveland (79, 80) have provided the
factual data necessary for more effective service. Analyses of the continuity
6
and effectiveness of the care of tuberculosis patients in New York City have been
undertaken (81).
A project sponsored by the New York City magistrates courts provided a
factual basis for specific improvements in the treatment of wayward minors
(82). A complete State-wide survey of all welfare agencies in Nebraska revealed
many points at which organization policies or procedures were inadequate (83).
The New York City Welfare Council, assisted by relief workers, has produced
detailed directories of all types of social agencies in five districts of the city; these
manuals are invaluable to social workers, the courts, police, prison officials, and
other welfare executives (84). Similar directories for each community in the coun¬
try are in process of preparation on a project sponsored by the United States
Department of Justice (85). A study of State child welfare institutions in Kansas
revealed inconsistencies in commitment policies which were inefficient and detri¬
mental to the welfareTof the children institutionalized (86). A digest of the laws
of all 48 States relating to mental hygiene and the administration of mental
hospitals has made available the means for an exchange of facts on policies and
experience necessary to the improvement of service in any community (87).
Education.—A State-wide survey of public education in Idaho revealed the
necessity for eliminating nearly 700 ineffective and expensive one-teacher schools
(88). Detailed analyses of population movements and trends have provided a
more adequate basis for planning the construction of school buildings and for the
determination of educational administrative policies in Boston (89). The trans¬
portation of high-school pupils in rural areas has been analyzed in Wisconsin (90)
and in several other States in collaboration with the United States Office of
Education. A State-wide survey of school-building adequacy in California (91)
not only pointed out a serious lack of facilities but permitted sound recommenda¬
tions for centralization, rearrangement of school districts in order to equalize the
tax burden, and other improvements in the effectiveness and economical operation
of the system. Other State-wide educational surveys have placed emphasis on
the problems of school administration in rural areas (92). The education and
training of so-called problem children have been studied in many areas, among
which are New York State (93), Minnesota (94), and a detailed study in Rochester,
N. Y. (95). Such studies provide a more adequate understanding of the diffi¬
culties inherent in these groups of children and thus permit the development of
training programs especially suited to their needs. An evaluation of the effec¬
tiveness of the curricula of educational institutions as reflected in the success of
graduates in obtaining satisfactory employment has been undertaken in several
communities. Typical are a survey of Alameda County High School graduates
(96), a similar study in Denver (97), and an analysis of the economic success of
Connecticut Trade School graduates (98). Out of this research has grown an
important body of sound recommendations for curriculum revision, especially
with regard to vocational education. Problems of vocational guidance have also
been analyzed, notably in such projects as one sponsored by the testing bureau of
the University of Minnesota (99). The increase in unemployment among youth
has been the subject of a number of research projects, of which an analysis of the
occupational characteristics of unemployed youth in Cincinnati (100) is typical.
As indicated above, these projects constitute a small cross section of the program
A complete summary of the results, all of which are available for use by govern¬
mental agencies and research organizations, would require a volume of more than
1,000 pages even on the basis of the briefest possible treatment. The increasing
demand, by Government agencies and private industry, for copies of these data as
reproduced by project sponsors, is obvious evidence that they have not only
contributed to the improvement of many aspects of community life but that many
of them contain scientific generalization of wide interest.
EXAMPLES OF REPORTS ON THE RESULTS OF W. P. A. RESEARCH PROJECTS
(1) Physical Properties of Soils that Affect Plant Nutrition. Soil Science, vol.
44 (1), July 1937, pp. 23-36. W. P. A. 165-94-6004. (R. E. Stephenson,
C. E. Schusten, Oreg. Agric. Exper. Sta., Corvallis.)
(2) A Study of Flood Flows in the United States. Coll. Engin., N. Y. Univ.,
N. Y. City, 1936, 14 vol., typed, blueprinted. W. P. A. 65-97-158 (sub-
proj. 7).
(3) Mineral Resources of Michigan. Mich. Coll. Mines & Technol., Houghton,
n. d., 76 p., typed. W. P. A. 65-51-4887. (Carl A. Lamay.)
•a"»(4) Geology of the Arkansas Bauxite Region. (Infor. Circ. 8), Ark. Geol.
Survey, Little Rock, 1936, 68 p. W. P. A. 65-63-3595. (M. N. Bram-
lette.)
7
(5) Lignite Utilization Survey. Sell. Mines, Univ. N. Dak., Grand Forks, 1937,
90 p., tvped. W. P. A. 65-73-131.
-(6) Mechanics of the Lone Mountain Landslides, San Francisco, California.
Calif. J. Mines & Geol., vol. 32 (4), Oct. 1936, pp. 459-474. W. P. A.
65-3-2866. (W. M. Cogen, Calif. Div. Mines, San Francisco.)
-<7) Erosion Control on Mountain Roads. (Circ. No. 380), U. S. Dept. Agric.,
Washington, D. C., Mar. 1936, 45 p. W. P. A. 65-3-3687. (Charles J.
Kraebel.)
—i(8) The locating of Tropical Storms by Means of Associated Static. (Bull. 3),
Engin. Exper. Sta., Univ. Fla., Gainesville, Oct. 1936, 34 p. W. P. A.
65-35-2621. (Joseph Weil, Wayne Mason.)
(9) (Medical laboratory research) University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
W. P. A. 165-71-6100 (sub-proj. 202).
(10) The Disposal of Garbage in the Sewerage System, Sewage Works J., vol. 8
(5) Sep. 1936, pp. 728-741. W. P. A. 65-71-158 (sub-proj. 7).
••(11) Perennial Weeds and Their Control. (Bull. 183), Agric. Ext. Div., Univ.
Minn., St. Paul, Feb. 1937, 28 p. W. P. A. 65-71-6106 (sub-proj. 417).
(H. K. Wilson, R. F. Crim, A. H. Larson.)
— (12) Report on Research and Laboratory Work for the State Water Commission
of Connecticut, November 1, 1934, to November 1, 1936, Sixth Biennial
Report of the State Water Commission for the Years 1934-36. (Pub.
Doc. 78), State of Conn., Hartford, 1936, pp. 78-89. W. P. A. 65-15-532.
(13) A Report on W. P. A. Projects. Univ. Calif., Berkeley, 1936-37, pp. 47-49,
typed. W. P. A. 65-3-4439.
y (14) Some Characteristics of Cultivatable Land in Sugar Cane Area of Louisiana.
(La. Bull. 280), La. State Univ., Baton Rouge, Oct. 1936, 47 p. W. P. A.
65-64-1009.
*(15) Sea Island Cotton in Florida. (New Ser. 82), Fla. State Dept. Agric.,
Tallahassee, Apr. 1937, 70 p. W. P. A. 165-35-6502.
—.(16) Agriculture on the Huntley Project. (Bull. 342), Agric. Exp. Sta., Mont.
State Coll., Bozeman, June 1937, 20 p. W. P. A. 165-91-6000.
(17) (Irrigation Research). A report of W. P. A. projects, Univ. Calif., Berkeley,
1936-37, pp. 38-39. W. P. A. 165-3-6328.
•(18) Competition Among Minnesota Creameries. (Minn. Farm Bus. Notes
No. 175), Agric. Ext. Div., Univ. Minn., St. Paul, July 20, 1937, 4 p.,
mimeo. W. P. A. 165-71-6106. (E. Fred Roller.)
*(19) Assessment of Montana Farm Lands. (Bull. 348) Agric. Exper. Sta.,
Mont. State Coll., Bozeman, Oct. 1937, 56 p. W. P. A. 165-91-6011.
(R. R. Reme, H. H. Lard.)
— (20) Quality of Minnesota Inspected Potatoes. (Minn. Farm Bus. Notes No.
171), Agric. Ext. Div., Univ. Minn., St. Paul, Mar. 20, 1937, 4 p., mimeo.
W. P. A. 65-71-5889. (W. C. Waite, D. C. Dvoracek, V. C. Norton,)
""1(21) Changes in Technology and Labor Requirements in Crop Production:
Sugar Beets. (Studies of Changing Techniques & Employment in Agric.
Rept. A-l), W. P. A. Natl. Res. Project, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 1937,
48 p. (Loring K. Macy, Lloyd E. Arnold, Eugene G. McKibben,
Edmund J. Stone.)
-"(22) Changes in Farm Power and Equipment: Mechanical Cotton Picker.
Studies of Changing Techniques & Employment in Agric., Rept. A-2),
W. P. A. Natl. Res. Project, Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 1937, 24 p. (Roman
L. Home; Eugene G. McKibben.)
(23) Inspection of Tree Plantings Throughout Bucks County, Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania Dept. Forests & Water, Harrisburg, 33 + 10 p., typed.
W. P. A. 65-23-8745.
—(24) Survey of Fishing Industry, State of Florida, Year 1934. Fla. Works
Progress Admin., Jacksonville, 39 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-35-460.
_ (25) An Analysis of Delinquent Taxes and Unpaid Special Assessments in the
°-Jr City of Hartford, Connecticut as of March 31, 1933. City of Hartford,
Conn., July 1936, 213 p. mimeo. W. P. A. 65-15-38.
(26) Report of Investigation on Cost and Procedure of Mortgage Foreclosure.
Registrar, N. Y. Co., N. Y. City, 1936, 17 p., typed. W. P. A. 65-97-352.
—(27) Mineral Production Statistics of Arkansas for the Period 1880-1935. (Infor.
Circ. 9), Ark. Geol. Survey, Little Rock, 1937, x + 117 p. W. P. A.
165-63-6086. (Mary L. Gibson.)
—(28) Technology and the Mineral Industries. (Mineral Technol. & Output Per
Man Studies, Rept. E-l), Apr. 1937, 63 p. W. P. A., Natl. Res. Proj.,
Philadelphia, Pa.
8
•*(29) Small-scale Placer Mines as a Source of Gold, Employment, and Livelihood
in 1935. (Mineral Technol. & Output per Man Studies, Rept. E-2),
W. P. A. Natl. Research, Proj., Philadelphia, Pa., May 1937, xiii + 52p.
,—(30) Mechanization Trends in Metal and Nonmetal Mining as Indicated by
Sales of Underground Loading Equipment. (Mineral Technol. & Output
per Man Studies, Rept. E-3), W. P. A. Natl. Research Proj., Philadelphia,
Pa., June 1937, 19 p.
—^31) Coal, Employment and Related Statistics of Mines and Quarries, 1935.
(Mineral Technol. & Output per Man Studies, Rept. E-4), W. P. A. Natl.
Research Proj., Philadelphia, Pa., July 1937, xiii-j-133 p.
—■(32) Comparative Statistics of Imports into the United States for Consumption,
by Countries for the Calendar years 1931-1935, Incl. (Same for 1936.
U. S. Tariff Comm., Washington, D. C., 1936 (1937) 16 vol. (4 vol.)
(W. P. A. Stat. Proj., Richmond, Va.)
(33) Statistical Study of the Port of Boston, Boston Port Authority, Boston,
Mass., N. D., 5 vol., typed. W. P. A. 165-14—6069.
(34) Dept. Docks, N. Y. City, W. P. A. 165-97-6015.
-""*(35) Reciprocal Trade: A Current Bibliography. U. S. Tariff Comm., Wash¬
ington, D. C., Jan. 1937 (2d ed.), 282 p.
*(36) A Survey of the Division of the Consumer's Dollar Used in the Purchase of
Fresh Fruit and Vegetables in New York City. July 1-December 31,1936.
Dept. Pub. Markets, N. Y. City, (1937?) 34 p., mimeo. W. P. A.
165-97-7028.
(37) Foreign and Domestic Corporations. Investigating Comm. of Utah Gov.
Units, Salt Lake City, Dec. 1936, 55 p. W. P. A. 65-1-404. (Theodore
Maugham, Robert Funk.)
(38) Cincinnati Transportation Survey. Dept. Pub. Util., Cincinnati, Ohio,
June 1936, 54 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-42-15045.
(39) Homestead Tax Exemption. (Nebr. Studies in Bus. No. 38), Coll. Bus
Admin., Univ. Nebr., Lincoln, Dec. 1936, 43 p. W. P. A. 165-81-6001
(40) Analysis of Tax Delinquency for 1934 and Prior Years. Realty Tax Delin¬
quency in Michigan. (New Ser. Bull. 8), Bur. Govt., Univ. Mich., Ann
Arbor, Oct. 1937, pp. 11-50, 97-124. W. P. A. 165-51-6004. (Robt. S.
Ford.)
r (41) Report of the North Dakota Tax Survey Commission to the Governor and
Legislature on Taxation for Highway Finance. (Rept. 4), N. Dak. Tax
Survey Comm., Bismarck, 1936, iii+67 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-73-6043.
.—(42) Public Highways, Highway Services Rendered, and the Determination of
Special Taxes for Motor Vehicles of Different Types. Wash., Highway
Cost Comm., Olympia, Jan. 1937, 179 p. W. P. A. 65-93-635.
"■""(43) The Economic Ability of the States to Finance Public Schools. (Contribu¬
tions to Educ. 669), Bur. Publ., Teachers Coll., Columbia Univ., N. Y.
City, cl936, vi+169 p. ($1.85). W. P. A. 65-97-295 (sub-proj. 4).
(Leslie L. Chism.)
"*(44) The Application of Selected State Aid and State Equalization Plans to
Public Education in Colorado. Colo. Dept. Educ., Denver, 1936, 150
p. W. P. A. 65—84—446.
(45) Preliminary Report of the Survey of Local Government Units in the San
Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan Region. Bur. Pub. Admin., Univ.
Calif., Berkeley, Dec. 14, 1937, v. p., typed. W. P. A. 165-3-6307.
—(46) A Regional Redistricting Plan for the State of Utah. (Brigham Young
Univ. Studies, No. 5), Provo, Utah, 1937, 59 p. W. P. A. 65-1-421.
(Geo. H. Hansen.)
(47) Government in Kentucky Counties. (Local Govt. Study 2), Bur. Govt.
Res., Univ. Ky., Lexington, Mar. 1937, 54 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-43-
4786. (John W. Manning.)
(48) Consolidation of Motor Equipment Repair Shops in City of Indianapolis.
(Study 4), Bur. Govt. Res., Chamber Commerce, Indianapolis, Ind., Oct.
1935, Jan. 1936, 50 + 5 p. (2 parts), typed. W. P. A. 65-52-1933.
—(49) Metropolitan Milwaukee: One Trade Area Burdened with 93 Local Gov¬
ernments. Govt. Service League, Milwaukee, Wis., Feb. 1936, 97 p.
W. P. A. 65-53-723. (Paula Lynagh.)
(50) Ordinances of the City of Beverly Hills Supplementing the Uniform Code
(1935 Edition): Electrical Ordinance of the City of Beverly Hills;
Ordinance No. 437 of the City of Beverly Hills: Adopts, Amends and
Modifies the Uniform Building Code (1935 Edition). Bldg. Dept., City
of Beverly Hills, Calif., Oct. 1936, 3 vols.; Zoning Ordinance of the City
of Beverlv Hills. City Council, City of Beverly Hills, Calif., Jan. 1937,
23 p. W. P. A. 65-3-3996.
(51) Report of the North Dakota Tax Survey Commission to the Governor and
Legislature: A Digest of Tax Laws. (Rept. 9), N. Dak. Tax Survey
Comm., Bismarck, 1936, iii+85 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-73-6043.
(52) Torrens System in California. Registrar N. Y. Co., N. Y. City, n. d., 3+11
p., typed. W. P. A. 165-97-6101.
"*•(53) Survey of Criminal Court Procedure in Georgia. Ga. Dept. Publ. Welfare,
Atlanta, 1937, 176 p. W. P. A. 65-34-4543.
"""(54) Operation of the Kansas Habitual Criminal Law. (Inst. Survey Rept. 2),
Publ. 47, Res. Dept., Kans. Legis. Council, Topeka, Nov. 1936, 56 p.,
mimeo. W. P. A. 65-82-760. (Donald H. Roney.)
(55) Cincinnati Police Beat Survey. Am. Pub. Welfare Assn., N. Y. City,
(1936?), v+31 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-42-1406. (Dept. Pub. Safety,
Cincinnati, Ohio.)
-—(56) Chemicals and Industrial Health. Safety Engin., Mar. 1937. W. P. A.
65-14-6060. (Div. Occupational Hygiene, Mass. Dept. Labor & Indus.,
Boston.)
(57) Progress Report on the Experience of Public Agencies under the Work¬
men's Compensation Law. Bur. Munic. Res. & Service, & League Oreg.
Cities, Eugene, Feb. 16, 1937.
(58) Job Descriptions and Occupational Titles: Cleaning, Dyeing, and Pressing
Industry, Minn. Dept. Educ., St. Paul, October 1936, 125 p., mimeo.
W. P. A. 65-71-7003.
(59) Local Job Descriptions for the Hotel and Restaurant Industry, Minn. Dept.
Educ., St. Paul, Feb. 1937, 274 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-71-6092.
(60) Shoe Manufacturing Plant—New York City: Manufacturer of Men's,
Women's, Children's Shoes (Occupational Studies Bull. 18), Bur. Res. &
Stat., Div. Placement and Unemployment Insurance, N. Y. State Dept.
Labor, N. Y. City, March 1937, vi+161 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-97-
6093.
——(61) Labor Relations in the Petroleum Industry. N. Y. State Dept. Labor,
N. Y. City, 1937, 82 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-97-6073. (Daniel
Horowitz.)
—(62) Wages and Hours of Work in the Lock and Wood Screw Industries. Conn
Dept. Labor, Hartford, May 1937, 16 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-15-6068.
(63) Seasonal Labor on Arizona Irrigated Farms. Coll. Agric., Univ. Ariz.
Tucson, June 1937, 7 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-02-1619. (E. D. Tetreau.)
— (64) Occupational Characteristics of White Collar and Skilled Negro Workers of
Atlanta, Georgia. Ga. Dept. Pub. Welfare, Atlanta, 1937, 110 p.,
mimeo. W. P. A. 165-34+3069.
(65) The Training and Employment of White Collar and Skilled Negro Workers
of Spokane, Washington: A Summary. Wash. Dept. Pub. Welfare,
Olympia, Apr. 3, 1936, 16 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-93-364.
"■(66) Cigar Makers—After the Lay-Off. (Rept. Tj—1), W. P. A. Natl. Res.
Proj., Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 1937, xviii+93 p. (Daniel Craemer,
Gladys V. Swackhamer.)
(67) Employment Fluctuations by Industries, 1930-36. Regional Dept. Econ.
Security, Res. Bur., Empl. Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1937, 3 p. + charts,
mimeo. W. P. A. 65-42-10106.
(68) Juvenile Court project: Summary of Findings. Juvenile Court, Seattle,
Wash., Dec. 13, 1937, 26 p., typed+maps. W. P. A. 165-93-6042.
(69) Can Delinquency be Measured? Res. Bur., Welfare Council, N. Y. City,
cl936, xxvi+277 p. W. P. A. 65-97-181. (Sophia Moses Robison.)
(70) Comparison of County Jail Inmates With Working Community From Which
They Come. J. Crim. Law & Criminol., Vol. 23 (2), July-Aug. 1937,
pp. 239-248. W. P. A. 65-3-3593. (H. Dewey Anderson, Percey E.
Davidson.)
(71) Socio-Psychological Survey of Penal and Correctional Institutions of
Colorado. Colo. Works Progress Admin., Boulder, Oct. 1936, 74 p.,
typed. W. P. A. 65-84-1765.
(72) A Summary of the Work Done on Project 2052 (82-4—120) Detroit Depart¬
ment of Health for "A Survey of Health Conditions in Detroit," Dept.
Health, Detroit, Mich., 1937, 87 p., typed. W. P. A. 65-51-1799.
(73) Study of 2,739 Cases of Tuberculosis Reported to the San Francisco Depart¬
ment of Public Health During 1934, 1935, and 1936. Dept. Pub. Health,
San Francisco, Calif., Oct. 1937, 82 p., typed. W. P. A. 65-3-4197.
•-»(74) Industrial Wastes in New Jersey. (Bull. 610), N. J. Agric. Exper. Sta.,
New Brunswick, Nov. 1938, 22 p. W. P. A. 65-22-6062. (William
Rudolfs, Lloyd R. Setter.)
10
Survey of Crippled Children in Georgia. Ga. Dept. Health, Educ., & Pub.
Welfare, Atlanta, 1937, 31 p. W. P. A. 165-34-6015.
Survey of Blind in N. C. N. C. Comm. for the Blind, Raleigh, n. d., 33 p.,
mimeo. W. P. A. 165-32-6059.
A Statistical Study of Age in Relation to Mental Disease. Mental Hygiene
vol. 19 (3), July 1935, pp. 449-476. W. P. A. 65-21-6225. (Benjamin
Malzberg, N. Y. State Dept. Mental Hygiene, Albany.)
Race and Mental Disease in New York State. Psychiatric Quart., vol. 9,
Oct. 1935, pp. 538-570. W. P. A. 65-21-6225. (Benjamin Malzberg,
N. Y. State Dept. Mental Hygiene, Albany.)
Report of Sub-Committee on Prevention of Duplication Among Clinics.
Health Council, Detroit, Michigan, Jan. 28, 1937, 13 p., mimeo. W. P. A.
65-51-3197.
Dispensary Patients and Economic Status, Greater Cleveland, 1935. Health
Council, Cleveland, Ohio, Nov. 10, 1935, 64 p., E. R. A. 18-F2-457;
W. P. A. 65-42-1419. (Howard Whipple Green.)
Continuity of Care in Tuberculosis: Registration Year—1935, N. Y. Tuber¬
culosis & Health Assn., N. Y. City, Apr. 1936, 8 p., typed. W. P. A.
65-97-123.
Procedures for Dealing With Wayward Minors in New York City. Magis¬
trate Courts, N. Y. City, Dec. 9, 1936, 45 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-97-
6042. (Anna M. Kross.)
Nebraska Survey of Social Resources. Child Welfare Bur., Lincoln, Nebr.,
1936, 557 p. (2 vol.), mimeo. W. P. A. 65-81-1605.
Directory Agencies in Riverside District. Columbia Univ. Press, N. Y.
City, 1935, 47 p., mimeo. Welfare Council, N. Y. City. W. P. A.
65-97-220.
Social Service Resource Directory. (Bur. Prisons, U. S. Dept. Justice,
Washington, D. C., 1937, various repts., mimeo.
Children's Institutions: Some Questions of General Policy. (Inst. Survey
Rept. 3), Publ. 49, Res. Dept. Kans. Legis. Council, Topeka, Nov. 1936,
21 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-82-760.
Mental Hygiene Laws. Natl. Comm. for Mental Hygiene, N. Y. City,
n. d., 123 p., typed. W. P. A. 165-97-6096.
Idaho State School Survey, Idaho Bull. Educ. vol. 22, (4), Bd. Educ., Boise,
Dec. 1936, pp. 24-86. W. P. A. 65-92-1155.
School Planning for Brighton-Alston. Public Schools, Boston, Mass.,
n. d., 55 p., typed. W. P. A. 165-14-6059.
Transportation of High School Pupils. Dept. Educ., Univ. Wis., Madison,
n. d., 28 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 165-53-6019.
Survey of School Building Adequacy by Counties, 1934-1936. Calif.
Bd. Educ. Sacramento, Nov. 1936, 391 p. (2 vol), types. W. P. A.
65-3-4554.
The Public School System of Wisconsin: The Administrative Organization,
Dept. Educ., Univ. Wise., Madison, n. d., 82 p., typed. W. P. A. 65-53-
4211 through 4219.
A Survey of Problem Children in 26 Communities in New York State.
Univ. State N. Y., & Educ. Res. Div., State Educ. Dept., Albany, n. d.,
6 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-21-6436.
Pupil Personnel Study of Pupils in Minnesota Public Schools. (Parts 1 & 2),
Minn. State Dept. Educ., St. Paul, 1935-37, 7 repts. W. P. A. 165-71-
6163. (State Testing Comm., Minn. Council Sch. Executives.)
Five Hundred Maladjusted Young People. Civic Comm. on Unemployment,
Rochester, N. Y., 1937, 25 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-21-5998. (Harold S.
Rand.)
Educational Survey of Alameda High School Graduates. City of Alameda,
Calif., July 29, 1936, 44 pi., typed. W. P. A. 65-3-2388.
Survey of Denver's High School Graduates for the Years 1929, 1933, and
1934. Univ. Denver Repts., vol. 12 (1), Denver, Colo., Feb. 1936, 16 p.
W. P. A. 65-84-1539.
Statistical Report of Survey of Graduates of Connecticut Trade Schools,
1917-35. Conn. Dept. Educ., Hartford, n. d., 110 p., typed. W. P. A.
65-15-369.
A Study in the Effectiveness of Counseling (Summary Report); and Atti¬
tudes and Vocational Guidance (Preliminary Report). Univ. Minn. Test¬
ing Bur., Minneapolis, May 3, 1937, 14 + 5 p. (2 reports), typed, mimeo.
W. P. A. 165-71-6094 (sub-proj. 85).
11
(100) Occupational Characteristics of Unemployed Youth. (Prelim. Rept.), Res.
Bur., Regional Dept. Econ. Security, Employment Center, Cincinnati,
Ohio, n. d., ix+78 p., mimeo. W. P. A. 65-42-18099. (Glenn S. Long.)
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