LIBRAffg
SÜR-ÍU RAILWAY ECCNQMieS
•NASHINCTOK, 0 C
i.is'ïArt I
• UNEAU OF RAILWAY ECONöWtCS,
WASHINGTON. D. C.
AUGUST, 1899
ISTOßY OF THE^^
PENNSYLVANIA^
AVENUE SUBWAY
AND TUNNEL
COMPILED BY
E. C. QUARLES
CITY OF
PHILADELPHIA
AUTHORIZED BY
ORDINANCE
OF COUNCILS
APPROVED
MARCH 17, 1894
BUfüEAU OF railway £:cdNaMies,
WASHINGTON, O. C,
/
D£C 23 1916
T V (
?t3 CÁ^
^5"
begun under the administration of
Hon. EDWI.X S. .STUART, Mayor.
Mr. J.\.MUS 11. WINDRI M, Director, Doparlincnt of Fublic l\orkc.
carried on under
Ho.x. CFLVRLKS F. WARWICK, .Mayor.
Mr. THOMAS M.THOMPSON, lUrator. Department ot Pub/ic Wörter
completed under
Hon. SAMUEL H. .XSHBRII )( IE, .Mayor.
Mr. W.m. C. H.XUDOCK, Director, Department of Pnbtic W orks.
Mr. UeoiOíI; S. Wehster, M. .\ni. Soc. C. E., Chic/ tinyineer, /¡nrcaii of Snmuys.
-Mr. George E. D.mes.man, t'rineipai .¡.ea'sta/it Jinyineei-, Pitreaic of .Stu-oeys.
Mr. S.\.\uee Tojii-vs W.xg.nI'.r, ^E Am. Soc. C. E., First Assistant Pnymeer in general charge of Subiaay Work.
Mr. 1). Jo-Nes Luc.\s, M. Am. Soc. C. E., .Sa ond Assistant Fnyineer in genera! charge of Construction.
.Mil R. I. 1). .\siihriü(;e. Third .-Issistant F.ngineer in ctun'ge of I.ines, Crades and Onantities.
.Mr. Cil\s. h. Sw a.n, Chief Draughtsniaji until August, tSç/.
representing the philadelphia and reading railway company.
Mr. John .\. Wii.so.v, AT Am. Soc. C. IS, Consulting F.ngineer untiljanuary ig, i8g6.
.Mr. Joseph M. Wii.so.x, .M. Am. Soc. C. E., Consulting Fngineer from fauuary 2j, iSgó.
EARLY HISTORY
Councils, by Ordinance of Dcccnibcr 2(\ iSíjo, authoii/.cd the construction of tlic l'hiladcl])liia aiul l-feading Terminal
Railroad to Twelfth and ¡Market Streets, conditioned amono other things upon the Railroad Compaii)-, at the points
where its allied companies' tracks crossed Broad Street at Pennsylvania .\\enue and near Lehigh y\venue, raising the
grade of 15road Street about tw ent)'-one feet so as to carpv it by bridges o\ er the tracks of the raih'oads. ,\fter the construction
of the bridge and its approaches near Lehigh A\enue, in the northern part of the cit\', it was clearly demonstrated that a similar
raising of the grade of Broad Street at Pennsylvania i\\enue, almost in the heart of the citv, would not only seriously damage
valuable propert\', but would practically ruin the City's finest a\enue—the one always used for militar)' and ci\'ic displavs—and
would still lea\ e sixteen dangerous grade crossiiigs to the westwarti unpro\ ided for.
The question of elevating the tracks w as considered and a number of studies wei'e [M'e])arcd and the matter carefully-
studied b)' the lèngineers of theCity, of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Compain- and the late John A. Wilson, Consulting
lèngineer, with the view of tlctermining the best method for accomplishing the desired result. The objections to the elevated
structure were man)-, specially at Ih'oad Street and on the entrances to the Park. The plan of depressing the tracks was finallv
agreed upon.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The work of abolishing all grade crossings on the line of Pennsvlvania .Avenue from Thirteenth to Thii tieth .Streets by depressing
the tracks of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Company, commoi-il)- known as the Penns)-lvania Avenue .Subwa)',
was authorized b)- Ordinance of Councils approved March 17, 1894.
By the terms of this Ordinance the )'ards and tracks of the Philadelphia and Reading R.iilwa)- Compaii)- bctu een Broad
and Thirteenth Streets are to be depressed ; the grade of Thirteenth Street is to be changed so as to cari'v it under the tracks,
and the approach to the Reading Terminal from Thirteenth to Callowhill .Street is to be adjusted.
Provision is made for carrying the tracks of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Comisan)- bv open subway from
Broad Street to Plamilton .Street, by tunnel from Hamilton Street to Taney .Street and thence b)-open subway to a point neat-
Thirtieth Street.
Bridges with adequate approaches arc provided to carrv Broad, Tifteenth, Si.xteenth, .Seventeenth, Lighteenth, Nineteenth,
Twentieth, and Twentv-first Streets over the .Subway. Also at Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets to carr)- the railroad over the streets.
The ordinance also provides for the alteration, construction and reconstruction of all the )-ard tracks, freight, engine, depot
and signal buildings aiid other structures of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Compan)-, so as to furnish as much accom¬
modation and as full and convenient a method for operating and conducting business as existed previous to commencing work.
Adequate track connections to the various industrial establishments along the line of the Philadelphia and Reading
Railway are also provided as well as for the construction of temporary tracks and bridges for maintaining travel during the
progress of the work.
The elevated structure which e.xtends fnim Callowhill Street between Kleventh and Twelfth .Streets to Thirteenth and
Noble Streets is 959 feet in length. The Subwa)- from Thirteenth Street to a point east of Twenty-second .Street is 4,180 feet
in length. The Tunnel has a length of 2,711 feet and the open Subway to the westward is 2,150 feet long, terminating at
Thirtieth Street. The total length of the work is therefore about 10,000 feet or nearly two miles. Throughout the Subwav
and Tunnel from Broad Street there are four main tracks. In addition to these are the side tracks and tracks in the vards at
Broad Street and at Twentieth Street.
The \vorl< is to he dorn- 1)\' the C'it\' of I'hiladclphia, all plans and specifications first being submitted to the Consulting
lingineer of the Isailwaç- C'ompany for Iiis approval.
The estimated cost of tiiis work including damages to propei ty is six million (b.ooo.ooo) dollars of which the Philadelphia
and Reading Ixailwa)' ComjKiny is to pay one-half. liy ordinance appro\-ed March 15, i.S(p4, a loan of si.x million (6,000,000)
dollars was authorized.
SEWERS
Immediately upon the apprcn al of the ordinance authorizing the work, the preparation of the plans was begun and rapidly
pushed. The dejjth of the exea\'ation for the .Subwax' was so great that there was no sew er low enough to drain it, and it was
necessary to construct new sewers. The plans and specifications for the new sewerage system were completed and
approved in .\ugust, 1^94. Ten davs later si.x different contractors w ere hard at work on their scweral contracts.
Three different and independent sx'stems of sewers were necessary to drain the territory, their total length being about
3 I , miles. On account of the sewers being in the heart of a great cit\', it was specified that wherever practicable they should
be built in tunnel. I-dfty-fi\'c shafts were therefore sunk at various points and headings driven from them. The hoisting engines
wherex er practicable were drix en with compre.ssed air so as to reduce the inconvenience to residents to a minimum.
On Pennsxlxania Avenue between Green .Street and PSiirmount Ax-enue, the excavation was made and the sewer
constructed in a tunnel driven beneath buildings, most of which xvere occuihed.
The xvork was pushed day and night and xxas successfully completed in the early summer of 1895 at a total cost of
8427,888.33.
PREPARATION OF PLANS
Earlx' in 1894 the Ixngineers of the City and the late Mr. John A. Wilson, Consulting Mngineer, began studies and estimates
upon the main features of the work, and a great deal of time was expended uiron the many problems to be solx'ed.
Among the most difficult were the connections to the industrial establishments along the line, and the work necessary to
protect the buildings xvhich lined the sides of the Avenue.
The xx hole of 1895 and the early part of 1896 xvas devoted to the preparation of the detail drawings for the construction
of the main and appurtenant work of the Subway and Tunnel. Upon their approx'al the xvork was divided into txxenty-one
independent contracts for which bids were received on May 12, 1896 ; 164 general and detailed drawings xvere placed on e.xhi-
bition : 4,000 copies of duplicate blue prints loruied to the contractors to prepare their bids, and 87 separate proposals received,
the sum of the lowest bidders on all contracts amounting to 83,8 i 7,961,84. Included in these contracts were embraced the
following varieties of Engineering work, sewers, masonry, retaining xvalls, and arches, underpinning and reconstruction of build¬
ings, bridges, grading, railroad, engine and freight houses, coal and ashes, handling machinery for locomotives, power lifts,
railroad track work, railroad interlocking signals, telegraph cable, gas and xxater jripes, municipal paving, electric crane, and a
number of miscellaneous contracts.
TEMPORARY TRACK
On August 10, 1896, work was begun upon the temporary tracks required to maintain the traffic of the Philadelphia and
Reading Railway Company during the construction of the Subway. These tracks were laid on Hamilton Street, from
Pennsylvania Avenue to Tenth Street, on Pennsylvania Avenue from Hamilton Street to Thirtieth. Upon them the
through busine.ss of the Reading Railway Company together with its connections to the many industrial establishments
on the line of the xvork has been successfully maintained. Aboitt ten miles of single track have been laid at the present time.
RETAINING WALLS AND UNDERPINNING
It was necessary before tlie main excavati<in in the Siil)\\a\' was made, to construct retaining" wails u[)on the sities to pi'otcct
adjacent pi'operty, and \\ iiere\ er an\- buildings were close to tiie work eitiu r to underpin tilem by cai'rying tiicir foimdatioi.s
tiown to roclx or to tile bottom of tiie Suii\\a_\", or to i"emo\e tlie fronts and rebuiiti tiicm citiier on tlic Stdntay I'etaining
wail or upon a new ami adctiuatc foundation.
lilis work was tiiercfore tiie first to i)c e.xecuteci after tiie constiuction of tiie sewers, and in order to iiasten it it was
dix ided into a nmiiiicr of contracts, cacii contract corcring iiotii sides of tiic .Suixwae ijetweeii adjacent cross streets. W ork was
begun on tiiesc contracts in .Septemiier and ( tctoin r, 1896.
i lie work of underpinning proper, is an rixceedingiy slow and difficult operation, specially w iien ijeneatii sucii buildings
as tile Warehouse at Sixteenth Street ; tiie front wail of W in, Sellers 8: C'o.'s maciiine siioj) ; tiie boiler iiouse of tiie ilaidwin
Locomotive Works and other similar cases. It was, iiowexer, successfuiix" done in exery case.
Hie retaining xvaiis were built in trenches of rubble masonrx" of a high grade, laid in Portland cement mortar. Ritten-
hoitse, Conshohocken, Leipcrxillc, Lrench Creek Cranitc, :rnd I.umberxille stone were used by the xariotis contractors.
'I he contracts coxering the untlerpinning and retaining wall xvork also included the bridge abutments at the cross streets,
xxhich were constructed of Ashlar masonrx" to the bottom of the temporär}" liridgcs, a few feet of the street surface.
The total masoiirx" in all contracts, including the brickwork in the Tunnel, amounts to about 175,000 cubic x'ards.
EXCAVATION OF THE CORE AND BRIDGES
Ujion the completion of the retaining xxalls and bridge abutments the work of the removal of the core of material betw-een
the xxalls and the construction of the bridges was begun. In some cases temjiorar}- bridges were erected oxer the
Subway on the cross streets, and the excaxation made beneath them, after which the bridge was erecteil. In other cases
the core of material was made to act as false work and the bridge erected upon it. .All trax-el except the trolley lines was
iisuallx" dixerted during the erection of the bridges.
The bridges from Broad to Twent\--first Streets, inclusixe, are of steel of the plate girder deck tx pe, with no n"ietal work
except the curb showing on the street above. The drix-rwax' floors arc covered with bitun"iinou.s concrete, on which the wearing
surface, generali}' of sheet asphalt, is placed. The sidewalks are covered w ith a cement concrete and finished w ith a granolithic
xvearing surface.
The total w eight of steel in all the bridges is about 10,000,000 pounds.
The e.xcavation of the core was accon"iplished principall}- by steam shovels, the contractors having th.ree of these n"iachines
upon the xvork. The waste material xvas ¡"e-moxcd b}- the Philadelphia and Reading Railway Compai"!}', generali}" either to
Yardle} x ille, on the Dekuvare Rixer, or to Wood Lane, near Conshohocken, on the Schux'lkill.
The total excaxation made on all contracts and for all purposes amounted to ox'er 1,000,000 cubic yaids.
TUNNEL AND BOULEVARD
The Tunnel, w hich extends from I lamilton Street to a point near Taney Street, consists of a segmei"ital arch, fift}'-two feet spai"i,
eight feet eight inches rise and xvith ncce.ssar}- clearance for a train over the side-tracks. It is designed for four tracks. The
arch rii"ig is of brick xvith skewbacks of Conshohocken stone and abutments faced with Leiperxille stone. Over the top
of the Tunnel and ii"i the centre line of Pennsx lx ania Ax enuc are thirteen openings for ventilation. These arc coi"istructed of
steel, carefully protected with terra cotta and cement plaster. The visible openings ii"i the street are ten feet by forty-sex en feet
ten inches for twcK'c ol the openini^s and ten h'ct l)\' sc\'eiU\ -eio]it feet for one. Tiiey arc snrroinided, first, l)y a rustic masonry
wall three feet eioht inches in heij^lit, ujron which \'ines will be planted ; and armmd this wall is a ^lass plat six feet wide, in which
shiaibs specially suited for the local conditions are to be placed : around the outside of this is an ornamental iron fence, protected
b_\- an eight-inch granite curb.
Ihe .\\'enue itsr'll o\er the tunnel is one hundred and twentv feet wide with sidewalks twenty feet in width, the six feet
nearest the curb is to be soiUled and planted with selected ti'ees. \t the western end Pennsylvania Avenue opens out into a
grand pla/.a o[)posite to the (Ireen Street entr.uu e to the Park wheie the be.mtiful W'.ishington Monument is located.
In the open .Subw ay west of the tunnel the old north retaining wall of the Baltimoi'e and ( )hio Railroad has been
remo\ ed and a new wall built on the north side of the .Subwa\'.
PERMANENT TRACK
An entirely new track system in the Sidjway, Tunnel and \ards h.is been ])rovided, with ninety-pound rails on the main
tracks and eighty-pound on all sidings and \ ard tracks. The ballast is of stone. The drainage is arranged so as to
throw all water to the centre of the .Subway, wheia' it i^ collected in a conduit of concrete ;ind brick and discharged into
the low-le\ el sewei's on the cross streets.
BUILDINGS. SIGNALS, ETC.
In place of the buildings of the Philadelphia and Reading Railwav Company, at Thirteenth and Callowhill Streets, two new-
freight sheds and office building have been ei'ectcd in the depressed \'ard.
.\t Twentieth .Street, a fifty-ton electric crane, a freight house, re]iair shop, engine house, and locomotive coaling
station will be erected in the depressed yard, to rejrlace old structures which were formerly on the street level. Between the
east portal of the Tunnel and Thirteenth .Street the main tracks are guarded by interlocking switches and signals.
CHANGES IN WATER AND GAS MAINS
The construction of the .Subway required a number of changes in the \\-ater and gas mains and electrical conduits in the
adjacent territory. Wherever possible these were carried over the .Subway on the bridges. Where the sizes of the mains
was too large, they were depressed beneath the tracks. On Thirteenth .Street it was necessary for the Union Traction
Company to lower a large electrical conduit from Carlton to Nectarine Streets.
It was necessary, moreo\-er, to do all this \sork without interfering with street travel in any way and without interfering with
the flow in the mains.
• -V-'r- • PR.E5&NT CONDITIONS
'■'" ■ - - PENNSYLVANIA AVE
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P.& R. RAILROAD tRACKS
and present condítioi>s
upof> PENNSYLVANIA AVE.
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE BEFORE BEGINNING OF SUBWAY, SHOWING CONGESTION OF TRAFFIC AT BROAD STREET
(illM :RAI , PL. VN
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Rcadins Tcrminal Conncctioh
TAC A DC OC Tumia—WT*'«»«'«*-
■A -^CCTIOH or TUNNII.
YHAU
GENERAL PLAN OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE SUB\WAY AND TUNNEL
George W. Ruch, Contractor
CONSTRUCTION OF CALLOWHILL STREET SEWER
GENERAL VIEW, SHOWING TEMPORARY TRACKS ON HAMILTON STREET WEST FROM SIXTEENTH STREET
P. McManus, Contractor
J
!
TEMPORARY FREIGHT SHEDS, THIRTEENTH AND CALLOWHILL STREETS
McManu3, Contractor
TEMPORARY FENCE AND TRACKS BETWEEN TWENTY-THIRD AND TWENTY-FOURTH STREETS
P. McManus, Contractor
UNDERPINNING AT WILLIAM SELLERS & COMPANY'S BUILDING, NORTH SIDE OF PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE,
BETWEEN SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH STREETS
TEMPORARY FRONT IN BALDWIN'S LOCOMOTIVE WORKS AT EIGHTEENTH STREET
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE FROM TWENTIETH STREET EAST, DURING CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALLS
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE WEST FROM SEVENTEENTH STREET. DÜRING CONSTRUCTION OF RETAINING WALLS
CHANNELLING MACHINE AT WORK IN TRENCH IN FRONT OF BEMENT, MILES & COMPANY'S SAND HOUSE
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AT TWENTY-FIRST STREET
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE FROM TWENTY-SECOND STREET WEST, SHOWING TRENCH FOR NORTH RETAINING WALL
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
GENERAL VIEW LOOKING WEST FROM SPRING GARDEN STREET, SHOWING LOCOMOTIVE TENDER ON WATER PIPES
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
Wi.
SIDE WALL TUNNEL, SHOWING BOND OF STONE
p n quitu at r'.r^uoaiuv p.r>mtoârtr>oe
WATER PIPE AT TWENTY-FOURTH STREET BEING RAISED BY BUREAU OF WATER
Pipe from McNeal Pipe and Foundry Company
VIEW LOOKING EAST FROM WEST OF TUNNEL PORTAL, SHOWING RUBBLE MASONRY
E. D. Smith & Company. Contractors Stone from Philadelphia & Conshohocken Stone Company
TUNNEL CENTRES, LOOKING FROM THE WEST ABOUT TWENTY-SIXTH STREET, SHOWING BRICKWORK IN TUNNEL ARCH
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
LOOKING WEST FROM FAIRMCUNT AVENUE, SHOWING GENERAL VIEW OF TWO SECTIONS OF TUNNEL ARCH
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
DETAIL VIEW OF WEST PORTAL OF TUNNEL
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
TUNNEL VIEW, LOOKING EAST FROM WEST PORTAL
Stone from Quarries of Leiper & Lewis, Chester, Pa.
STEEL WORK FOR VENTILATION OPENING No. 13 OVER TUNNEL
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
TERRA COTTA IN VENTILATION OPENING OVER TUNNEL
E. D. Smith óc Company, Contractors
KLRBOCKER- (CE t
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
EAST PORTAL OF TUNNEL-SETTING THE KEYSTONE
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW LOOKI NG WEST ON PENNSVLVAN lA AVENUE FROM TWENTY-SECOND STREET, SHOWl NG TEM POR ARY TRACKS
P. McManus, Contractor
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW, LOOKING WEST ON PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE FROM SPRING GARDEN STREET, SHOWING TEMPORARY TRACKS
p. McManus, Contractor
WATER PIPE IN WEST TUNNEL UNDER TWENTY-FIRST STREET
Constructed by Bureau of Water P'P" Mo^eal Pipe and Foundry Company
FORTY-EIGHT INCH WATER MAINS AT TWENTY-FOURTH STREET CROSSING TUNNEL, SHOWl NO REDUCER IN EAST MAIN
Pipes from McNeal Pipe akd Foundry Company
STEAM SHOVEL AT WORK REMOVING CORE, LOOKING WEST FROM SEVENTEENTH STREET
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
VIEW OF YARDS, CALLOWHILL STREET BETWEEN BROAD AND FIFTEENTH STREETS, SHOWING STEAM SHOVEL AT WORK
£. D. Smith & Company. Contractors
GENERAL VIEW WEST FROM BROAD STREET, LARGE PIER AT RIGHT OF PICTURE
E. D. Smith Company, Contractors
E. D, Smith & Company, Contbactors
view of steam shovel "dewey," showing
excavation of rock near TWENTI
eth street
THIRTEENTH STREET, LOO Kl N G LNO RTH FROM CALLOWHILL
BRIDGE OVER TWELFTH STREET, FROM INCLINE TO TERMINAL
Edgemoor Bridge Works, Eogemoor, Del.
Eogemoor Bridge Works, Edgemoor, Del.
THIRTEENTH STREET BRIDGE, LOCKING EAST
SHOWING MASONRY IN PROCESS OFJ CONSTRUCT!ON ON^EAST SIDE OF BROAD STREET
£. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
PLACING BITUMINOUS CONCRETE ON DECK OF BROAD STREET BRIDGE
E. D. Sm.th & Company, Contractors
END OF NEWEL POST AND PANEL, BROAD STREET BRIDGE
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors G. B. Clopp, Bronze Metal ano Railings
£. D. Smith &. Company, Contractors
TEMPORARY BRIDGE AT FIFTEENTH STREET, LOOKING NORTH
DECK OF FIFTEENTH STREET BRIDGE, SHOWING MANNER OF ERECTION AND MAINTAINING TRAVEL
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
SECTION OF RAILING ON FIFTEENTH STREET BRIDGE
E. D. smtth &. Company, Contractors
ERECTION OF EIGHTEENTH STREET BRIDGE, LOOKING WEST
E, D. Smith & Company, Contractors
EIGHTEENTH STREET BRIDGE
VIEW OF BLASTING MAT IN POSITION FOS BLASTING, PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE BETWEEN TWENTY-SECOND
AND TWENTY-THIRD STREETS
E. D. Smith & Compant, CoNTRAcrona
WESTERN HALF OF FREIGHT HOUSE, AT THIRTEENTH STREET, LOOKING WEST ALONG DRIVEWAY
Ryan & Kelly' Contractors
E. D. Smith & Company]
Ryan '& Kelly rcontractore
P. McManus )
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW, LOOKING EAST FROM SIXTEENTH STREET
BIRD'S-EYE VIEW, LOOKING WEST FROM SIXTEENTH STREET
DRAINAGE CONDUIT BEING CONSTRUCTED BETWEEN SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH STREETS
E. D. Smith & Company, Contractors
TWENTIETH STREET YARD, LOOKING EAST FROM TUNNEL PORTAL
E. D. Smith db- Company, Contractors
The Greger Cover is noiseless, non-shpplng, durable, makes d good appearance in a well paved street, and will not jump off under traffic
Northwest corner Twentieth and Race Streets, Philadelphia
A. Greger Cover on Brush E. L. Co.'s construction manhole 4' 6" X &' 0" B. Old Style Cover Manhole 2' 8" X 4' 2"
The manhole frames and covers used in the Subway were manufactured by the Greger Manufacturing Company, 712-714 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Pa.
RAND-CORLISS AIR COMPRESSOR
20" X 36" DUPLEX STEAM AND AIR CYLINLERS OPERATING 16 ''LITTLE GIANT ROCK DRILLS" USED ON THE SUBWAY
Manufactured by Rand Drill Company. 100 Broadway, New York. N. Y.
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND TWENTY-SECONDi STREET
SHOWING THE "LITTLE GIANT ROCK DRILLS" USED ON THE SU3WAY
Manufactured by Rano Drill Company, 100 Broadway, New York, N. Y.
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND TWENTY-FOURTH STREET
SHOWING THE ' LITTLE GIANT ROCK DRILLS" USED ON THE SUBWAY
Manufactured ey Rand Drill Company, 100 Broacway, New York, N. V.
PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE AND TWENTY-FOURTH STREET
SH0/VIN3 THE ''LITTLE GIANT ROCK DRILLS "^USED ON"'THE SUBWAY
MA^^LtFACTOBED BY RAND DRILL COMPANY, 100 BROAOAAY, NEW VORK, N. V.
SHOWING EFFECT OF BLAST WITH ATLAS POWDER
Manufactuaeo by Repauno'Chemical Company, Wilmington. Del.
Why does the
United States Government
ollowing the example of the leading Engineers and Architects
all over the world, specify and use Expanded cMetal lath,
in preference to any other material for carrying piasters
Because it affords such a perfect "key" for the plaster
that the latter can never strip away or become loose, even
under the action of fire or water. On other pages of this book will
be found illustrations of the way in which Expanded Metal lath
was used to protect some of the large steel girders of the Subway.
Heavy Expanded Metal of large mesh is being widely used in
concrete construction of all kinds to take up tensile stresses. The
combination of steel in tension and concrete in compression is an
ideal one, and permits the use of concrete in many positions, such
as floors in office buildings, factories, etc., where this has hitherto
been impossible. Such work can generally be treated as a com¬
posite beam, and, with the necessary data at hand, it is a simple
engineering problem to design the most economical combination
of the two materials. Such a construction is always much lighter
than the older types, and can be built to carry any loads, how¬
ever great. For catalogues or further information, address
Merritt & Company
F
.4» «J« *1» «I» «s»
Nos. 1024, 1026 and 1028 Ridge Avenue
PHILADELPHIA
FIREPROOFING ENGINEERS
J. A. Colby=
Girard Building
Philadelphia, Pa.=
«ut,
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Inspection of
Materials
and Workman¬
ship for Bridges
and Buildings,
Rails, and Track
Fittings
JA,
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Willi¿ims, Brown & Barle
Manufacturers
and
I mporters
Engineering
and
Drafting
Supplies
AGENTS FOR
eUFFEL & ESSER'S
Transits and
Leve Is. Draught-
ing Papers.
Buff & Berger's Tran¬
sits and Levels.
Gurley'S Transits and
Levels.
Blue and Black Prints
made promptly from trac¬
ings.
Have alt Blue Prints made
on Liuaura Fabric.that are
intended for permanent
records, or very much
used..
918 Chestnut Street
PHILADELPHIA
Weber & Co.'s FineWater Colors
and Technical Colors,in octagon
J Glass Pots, Half and whole pans
and Tubes, excellent for large
washes on plans, etc., the Standard Colors
of the United States.
hatman's Papers, Bond and
Profile Papers, Bfae Print and
Black Print Papers and Cloth,
Tracing Papers, and Imperial
Tracing Linen, great variety of Drawing
Tables and Drawing Boards.
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narge assortment of Works
on Art, for Architects,
Engineers, Sculptors,
Lithographers, Fresco Painters,
Metal and Wood Workers.
P. Weber & Co.
Manufacturers, Importers and Dealers
Draughtsmen's
AND
Engineers'
Supplies
¡ole Agents tor the World-renowned
RiEFLER'S Round System DRAW¬
ING INSTRUMENTS, and OTT'S
PLANIMETERS and PANTOGRAPHS.
Artists' Materials of every description.
1125" Chestnut St., Philadelphia, Pa.
1
omplete stock of Chester-
man's, Lufkin's, Roe's
and other makes of fleas-
uring Tapes.
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Purveying Instruments,
Transits, Levels and ail
Instruments of Precision
of the best manufacture.
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Ir^^lue Prints and Blue and
II ^ij[ Black Lined Prints made
at shortest notice and at
moderate prices.
cûmi)
Bolt Cutters
Püning and Turning Mills
Drilling Machines. Lathes
Planers. Shapcrs. Slotters
Punches. Shears
Steam Jlavimers. Riveters
Wheel Presses
High Speed Traveling Cranes
Jib Cranes
Patent Drill Grinding and
Pointing Machines
Tool Grinding and Shaping
Machines
hnprm 'cd Injectors f oi
Loeonioti'i'es and Stationäre
Toilers
Turntables for Loeoniotives
Shafting
" P.mery " Testing Machines
lite.. Etc.
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LEIPER & LEWIS
STONE SHIPPED BY RAIL
OR WATER
CallctiiJer T. Ccipcr
6corgc m. Ccwis
Granite Quarries
Post Office, Chester, Del. Co., Pa.
Builders' Exchange, Philadelphia
Tuesdays and Fridays, at I o'clock P.M.
Dimension, Foundation
Curb, Building
and Dressed Stone
Broken Range and
Rubble Face Stone
a Specialty
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QUEEN
Transits and Levels
High Grade Instruments
WITH THE LATEST IMPROVEMENTS
6ngineers^ and Draftemcn^s Supplies
QUEEN & CO.
Scientific Instrument
loio Chestnut Street
Philadelphia
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Young St Sons
Maniiiactu rers
Engineering, Mining»»*Surveying Instruments
No. 43 North Seventh Street, Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A.
Inventors and introducers of the
American Engineer's Transit
Cuts show
No. 6 Transit and No. I Levels
as used on the Subway
í^and Air Compressors
and Rock frills
for Mines. Quarries and Çenerai Contract iôork
Standard
Ail over
the World
Send for Catalogues and Estimates
J'he
IKand ^rill Company
WO ßroadvfay
/Yey york City
Rand Class " C " Air Compressor
We have direct rail connections
with the
Philadelphia & Reading
Railway Co.'s System
Pennsylvania
Our
16th St. Stores
16th and Callowhill Sts.
is the Largest and Best Equipped Ware¬
house in the East.
Warehousing
and
«*««««««
Lowest Insurance Rates
Liberal Advances on Merchan¬
dise in Store
at Market Rates
Safe Deposit
Company^
Capital ^500,000
Surplus and Undivided Profits
$700,000
Philadelphia
Pennsylvania
For furtlier itarticulars, address
E. B. GRIFFITHS
Treas. and Gen'l Supt.
Pankin;.; House
113-115 S. Third St.
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4
EXAMINATIONS AND REPORTS ON RAW
MATERIALS, ON ECONOMY OF PRODUCTION, ETC.
BOOTH, GARRETT
& BLAIR
Engineer's Department
AmpEiibolin
CEiemical Works
424 Walnut St.
Philadelphia
@
406 Locust Street
PHILADELPHIA
DESIGNS AND ESTIMATES FOR PLANT AND
STRUCTURES FOR PORTLAND CEMENT MANUFACTURE
TESTS OF MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
Monopolized Manufacturers of
the Celebrated
Ampldibolin Cast Powder
The only Washable Water Paint in the World. Cover¬
ing with one single coat on plaster, wood, iron, tin and
glass.
Amphiboliu Rust Protection Powder
The only reliable and veritable protection against rust¬
ing, covering with one single coat in gloss on the most
nist\' iron, or preventing from further rusting.
Approved and Adopted by Civil and Militar\' Governments and a great
many Technical Authorities, as per Original Certitkates.
Particular attention called to the tunnel \'iews,
where Amphibolin was used exclusively.
Apply for Samples and Prices to the Atove Address.
Richard Torpin
& Co.
■ ■ DEALERS IN ALE KINDS OF .■.
Hardwoods •■• Building
■•• Pattern Finishing •••
Lumber and Veneers
•■• Mexican, St. Jago •■•
Cuban and Prima Vera
Mahogany
'rr'rr'T!'''rr'Wi^'Trirr'fr'rrTrr'rr-Tr-'wt^'rr-irr-'f^irr-
17th and Callowhill Streets
PHILADELPHIA
ATLAS POWDER
MANl'PAC'IT'KKl) BY
nepauno
Cpeiplaal topipapy
WILMINGTON
DELAWARE
BRANCH ORRICBS
NJ.yy VOHK. A. V.
liOSTOX, MASS.
ciiicA<;o, II.I,.
ST. i.oris, MO.
jon.iy, MO.
DBXVEK. COLO.
riTTSUl Ri;. PA
CLF.VELASD, OHIO
ATLANTA, (Ei.
ATLAS POWDER
JUDSON POWDER
REPAUNO GELATINE
BLASTING SUPPLIES
OF ALL KINDS
ALL POWDER GUAR-
ANTEED UNIFORM
T!ic iiin>r iiKxlrni ni('tln"l> aii<l
ai'c iiscil and no cildrl
is si)ai'('<l to make cjiir prudiU'l
llic sarr>t a^ well a^ llw >trnnuc>l
cxjiloviv.'.
McAvoy & McMichael
LIMITED
Brick Manufacturers
Twenty-eighth and Reed Streets
PHILADELPHIA
PRIVATE TELEPHONE SERVICE. TELEPHONE LINES BUILT AND MAINTAINED
m
W. F. KILLIOr
\l (Sc CO.
■inrww
1
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ELECTRICAL
CONTRACTORS
i
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irrTrnfr
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HEED BUILDING, 1213-15 FILBERT STREET
PHILADELPHIA
i
MANUFACTURERS OF TELEPHONES, DYNAMOS AND MOTORS
830985
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