JALIFORNIAr BORAX.
Specially prepared for Toilet and Domestic Us<
In PACKETS, Id., 3d., and 6d. Each.
PUBLISHED BY
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LONDON
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RAILWAY.
ILLUSTRATED
GUIDE.
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««JORNIAN' BORAX.
Marvellous Purifier, Preserver, Arrester of Dechy.
Safe, Agreeable, Absolutely Pure. PACKETS Id. 3d & 6'"
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BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL
LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY,
New Bridge Street, London, E.G.
Incorporated in the year 1847, under Act 7 and 8 Vict. cap. 110,
and further empowered by Special Act. 15 Vict. cap. 53.
DIRECTORS.
JOHN RUNTZ, Esq., F.A.S , F.S.S., Chairman.
J. H. TROUNCER, M.D., Loud., Deputy Chairman.
THE HON. HENRY NOEI,
GEORGE PHILLIPS, Esq.
JOHN E TRESIDDER, E-q
WM. HY. WILLS, Esq.
H. M. BOMPAS, Esq, Q.O.
HUGH CAMPBELL, M.D.
WILLIAM GROSER, Esq.
PEARSON HILL, Esq.
DONALD MUNRO, Esq , SIDNEY YOUNG, Esq.
Auditors (Elected by the Members J
W. AUGUSTINE SPAIN, Esq.,& HENRY CATTLEY STEWART,Esq
Solicitors: Messrs. WATSON, SONS & ROOM.
Surveyor : SAMUEL WALKER, Esq.
Actuary: HOWARD J. ROTHERY, F.I.A.
Consulting Chysician; E H. GREEN HOW, M.D., F.R.S.
Medical Officer • FREDK. T. ROBERTS, M.D., F.R.C.P.
Manager Sf Secretary: EDWIN BOWLEY, F.I.A., F.S.S.
This Company being- established on the Mutual Principle, all Surplus Funds
belong to the Members.
Every third year a careful Valuation of the Business is made, and large Bonuses have
been declared.
The Surplus Funds already appropriated exceed One TVIillioil Sterling1.
Accumulated Fund .. .. .. £1,212,101
Annual Premium Income.. .. £185,551
Claims Paid £1,516,701
Policies absolutely indisputable after five years, provided the age of the Assured
lias been admitted.
Policies kept in force when requested by appropriating the Surrender ^ alue to
the payment of premiums.
No charge for voyage to, or residence in, any part of the World, except unhealthy
climates.
Agencies iu Colonies.
Assurers under the Temperance Scheme arc placed in a separate Section.
Policies may be effected under the Deferred Bonus Plan.
LOANS on Freeholds, Leaseholds, and other Securities considered.
Prospectuses, Copies of the last Report and Balance Sheet, and Boaid of Trade Returns,
&c., can bo obtained oil application to any of the Agents of the Company, or to
EDWIN BOWLEY, Manager and Secretary.
A lil me Booir--C-0^j-
AUg 2 1820 j
RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, I
883.
London Brighton and South Coast Railway.
C
SEA-SIDE PLACES.
BRIGHTON.
Pullman Drawing Room Car Trains from London to
Brighton and Back Daily.
Cheap First Class Day Return Tickets—London to
Brighton every Sunday and every Weekday.
Every Wkdn esday and Saturday—Cheap Day Return
Tickets, including admission to the Grand Aquarium.
HASTINGS & St. LEONARDS
Trains run direct from Victoria and London Bridge
without change of Caniage.
Special facilities by Fast Trains to and from London
Morning and Evening.
EASTBOURNE.
Trains run direct without change of carriage.
Special Fast Trains to and from London Morning and
and Evening.
PORTSMOUTH, SOUTHSEA,
& ISLE of WIGHT.
The direct Mid-Sussex Line is the shortest and quickest
Main Line Route between London and Portsmouth,
Southsea and the Isle of Wight.
At the Portsmouth Harbour New Station and Pier,
also at the Ryde New Pier Head Railway Station,
Passengers by this route step from the Train to the
Steamers, and vice versa. N -
Through Tickets issued and Luggage Registered,
including all charges.
WORTHING, LITTLEHAMPTON,
BOGNOR AND HATLING ISLAND.
Through Carriages are run to and from London
during the Sea-side Season.
Ordinary Return Tickets (1, & 3 Class).
Return Tickets issued between London and Portsmouth, Southsea and the Isle of Wight are available for one
month, and any of the other above Sea-side Places are available for one week.
Cheap Saturday to Monday Tickets are issued from London to the Sea-side.
Cheap Family and Tourist Tickets, available for one month, are issued from London during the Sea-side Season.
Weekly, Fornightly and Monthly Season Tickets issued between London and the Sea-side Stations.
THROUGH COMMUNICATIONS. —Direct Communication with all the Northern and Midland Counties,
via Victoria Station ; also an additional direct connection with the London and North Western Railway, Ada East
Croydon and Willesden, and with the Great Eastern Railway, via Liverpool Street and East Croydon.
THROUGH BOO KI NGS.—Passengers are now booking thwugti from and to all principal towns on the
Northern and Midland Lines of Railway.
THROUGH CARRIAGES. — Special arrangements may he made for families travelling throughout in
Family Saloon or Invalid Carriages to and from places in the North without change of cariiages.
SEA-SIDE SEASON (Commencing 1st June)
Cheap Excursions to Brighton every Saturday, Sunday and Monday.
Cheap Excursions to Portsmouth every Sunday.
Cheap Excursions to Portsmouth and round the Isle of Wight every Monday.
Cheap Saturday to Tuesday Excursions to Brighton, Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight.
Cheap Excursions to Hastings and St. Leonards every Weekday and every Sunday.
Cheap Excursions to Eastbourne and Tunbridge Wells every Weekday and every Sunday.
PARIS & THE CONTINENT.
SPECIAL FACILITIES,
Via NEWHAVEN, DIEPPE and ROUEN,
THE SHORTEST AND CHEAPEST ROUTE.
Day Tidal Express Service-—During the Summer and Autumn there is a Day Tidal Express
Service from Victoria and London Bridge to Paris, and vice versa, every Weekday morning.
Night Tidal Express Service-—Leaving Victoria 7.50 p.m. and London Bridge 8.0 p.m.
every Weekday and Sunday the whole year round (except on Christmas Day).
Connection of Trains with Steamers-—All the above Day and Night Service Trains run
alongside the Steamers at Newhaven and Dieppe Harbour. The Tidal Trains, both between
London and Newhaven and Dieppe and Paris, are fitted with the Westinghouse Automatic and
continuous Brake.
Luggage will he registered throughout between London and Paris, by the Day and Night
Services, 66 lbs. weight being allowed to each Passenger.
, Special Cheap Excursions from London at Easter, Whitsuntide and August Bank Holiday.
New Steamers-—Splendid Paddle Steamers have been expressly designed and constructed for
this Service. These vessels are built of steel, under special survey of the Board of Trade and
Lloyd's; they are of great power and speed, and furnished with every accommodation for the
comfort of all classes of Passengers. All the Steamers are fitted with deck and private cabins.
THE SOUTH OF FRANCE & ITALY- —Through Transit by this route to Lyons,
Bordeaux, Marseilles, Cannes, Nice, Mentone, Genoa, Turin, Milan, Bologna, Verona, Florence,
Venice, Leghorn, Rome, Naples, Brindisi, &c.
TO EGYPT & INDIA, by Overland Route-—Through Tickets issued by this route for
the Peninsular and Oriental Steamers from Venice and Brindisi.
THE CRYSTAL PALACE.
Tho Direct Short Route from London Bridge, Victoria and Kensington (Addison Road).
Chen]) Return Tickets issued, including admission to the Palace and Grounds.
LONDON STATIONS.
VICTORIA (West End), KENSINGTON (Addison Road) and LONDON BRIDGE (City).
GENERAL ENftUIRY AND BOOKING OFFICES.
WEST END—28, Regent Circus, Piccadilly, and 8, Grand Hotel Buildings.
^ N CITY—Hay's Musical Agency, 4, lioyal Exchange Buildings, Corn hill.
7) London Bridge Terminus. (By Order) A. SA RLE, Secretary and General Manager*
V —
r
RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 188 8.
SUMMER TOURS IN SCOTLAND.
GLASGOWAmlHIGHLANDS.
(Royal Route via Crinan and Caledonian Canals.)
THE ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS
Grenadier Claymore. Columba, Iona. Fusilier,
Cheval'er.Gondoliep Lochawe, Mountaineer, ioneer.
Glengarry, Clydesdale. Linnet, Clansman, Cavalier,
Staffa, Clencoe, Inverary Castle, Islay, Lochiel,
Fingal, Lochness, Ethel, Gladiator, Udea, Countess.
Sail during the Season for Kyles of Bute, Ardrishaig, Islay, Oban, Fort "VV ilHam,
Inverness, Staffa, Iona, Glencoe, Loch Awe, Tobermory, Portree, Gairloch (Loch
Maree), Ullapool, Loch Inver, and Stornoway, affording Tourists an opportunity at
visiting the magnificent scenery of Glencoe, the Cuchullin Hills, Loch Coruisk, Loch
Maree, and the famed Islands of Staffa and Iona. Official Guide Book, 3d. Illus¬
trated 6d., cloth gilt Is. Time Bill, with Map and Fares, free by post from tho
Owner, DAVID MACBRAYME, 119, Hope Street, Glasgow.
Every Lady, Every Gentleman, Every Intelligent Housekeeper, Every
Good Servant, should use "THE HOUSEHOLD TREASURE,"—Equally
Valuable at Sea—Marvellous Purifier, Water Softener, & Arrester of Decay.
'CALIFORNIA!!!'
Prepared
Concentrated
BORAX
SAFE, AGREEABLE, ABSOLUTELY PURE,
For TOILET, LAUNDRY, LARDER, COOKING,
GREENHOUSE, AND SANITARY PURPOSES.
Sold by Intelligent Grocers, Progressive Oihnen, and at Stores Everywhere,
In PACKETS, 1^., 3d., Sf 3d., Full Directions, Uses, and Valuable
Recipes with each Packet.
Discovery, Sample Packet and Borax Book—"Home and
Health, and Beauty," Post free Two Stamps. Complete set
of Samples, with Borax Book, Post free 4/6 (cheque, post
order or stamps) to any Postal Address in Great Britain,
Ireland, or Channel Islands, direct from the works,
PATENT BORAX COMPANY, BIRMINGHAM.
London Depot—101, Leadenhall Street. E.C.
PLEASE OBSERVE-The Original and only Genuine
Packet is known by this Special Trade Mark, which is
Registered throughout the civilised world.
SPECIAL
TRADE MARK.
*
CKATIS
a\d
WRITE TG-DAYl
for a Cipy <M this
valuable Hint-1
(rated book. \
It sir u
lie re ,d|
by a ill
suffi reis|
from
RUPTURE
NOTE
address and
write at on ft to the
nervous!
exhaustion,.
njsioiia.l
SLEEPLESSNESS,
Rheumatism,
I A I M A,|
IIKI i«vsi ion.f
constipation,
_ LIVE1UM0NFY DISEASES.
I* uiic. umal Disorder,,&c
aiihi4m l(attticv co. Lid. i
52, OXFORD STREET. London.W.
X WAXVX VViSLX,
ALL SUFFERERS FROM
should |
read
Mr. C. B. HARNESS'
ill list rated
book on tiie
Nature, Cause,
and Successful
Treatment of
every form of (
heicma. it
contains a full des-
f cription of Harness'\
u washa bl it Xylonite |
1 Vuss, %vh ch is the
most perfect and com-
fortuble appliance ever |
Tn.nflV invented. This little book
lU'UMT. should be carefully read I
... , ,, 'v every sufferer in the|
Aote .-iadre.es— Kingdom. Don't delay I
lHEEMIt AI, BATTFltV CO. Limited.
52, OXFORD STREET, London, w.i
RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 1888.
"Experience is the Touchstone of Value."
1
HOLLO
!
LL
AND
Haye stood the test of FIFTY YEARS' Experience,
AND
Tens of Thousands of Written Testimonials
bear witness to their marvellous efficacy
in every form of Disease.
MANUFACTURED ONLY
AT
THOMAS HOLLOWAY'S ESTABLISHMENT.
78, NEW OXFORD ST.,
LONDON.
SOLD BY
Chemists, Druggists Sf Medicine Vendors
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD.
r
RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 188 8.
NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE
INSURANCE COMPANY,
PIRE, LIFE AND _A_T>T3SJ"CriTIES.
Incorporated by loyal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament.
regiment—his grace the duke of roxburghe.
i $ice lirisitat—his grace the duke of Sutherland, k.g.
Cljairmmt of Mineral Court—david davidson, esq.
resources of the company as at 31st december, 1886
Authorized Capital
Subscribed Capital .. ..
Paip-up Capital
Accumulated Fire Funds and Balance of undivided Profit..
Accumulated Life and Annuity Funds
revenue for the year 1886.
Fire Premiums, Interest and Fees
Life and Annuity Premiums, Interest and Fees
SPECIAL NOTICE.
The Directors have lately had under consideration the advisability of still further adding: to those
inducements which in the past have attracted to this Company a large share of Life Business. Their
attention has been directed to the propriety of making Payment of Claims immediately on proof of
Death and Title; of granting Guaranteed Surrender Values; of granting, in respect of Policies which
may have lapsed in consequence of non-payment of premium. Policies of a liberal amount, on which no
•furtherpremiums are payable; of holding Surrender Values of lapsed Policies for five years at the
credit of those who may be entitled thereto ; of declaring that inaccurate Statements in the Proposal
Papers shall not involve forfeiture of Policies, unless accompanied by fraud ; of granting Policies which,
if the insnrer has attained a certain early age, shall be unconditionally world-wide from their date.
Immediate effect will be given to these alterations.
Nine-tenths of the Life Profits are divided among the Assured, under the participating scale.
LONDON 61, THREADNEEDLE STREET, E.C.
„ (West-End Branch) .. 8, WATERLOO PLACE, S.W.
EDINBURGH 64, PRINCES STREET.
£3,000,000
£2,500,000
£625,000
£1,738,907
£4,253,355
£1,231,960
£601,436
Chief
Offices.
CAUTION.—Beware of Counterfeits adopting the Title.
■WHITE SOUND TEETH, FRAGRANT BEEATH, HEALTHY GUMS TO OLD AGE.
JEWSBURY & BROWN'S
Oriental
Tooth Paste
CAUTION'.—
The ONLY GENUINE is Signed by JEWSBURY & BROWN. .
o.T«--r.wf>0TS* ^S- ®D- & 2s. 6D. ALL Chemists.
SIXTY YEARS IN USE. CLIMATE PROOF,
be-
coto
ml; ual.
PARIS
1876.
JOSEPH GILLOTT'S
STEEL PENS.
SoLl by all dealers throughout the World.
THE LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN
RAILWAY.
A Glance at the Principal Points of Interest between
Euston and Carlisle.
Of all the metropolitan railway stations " Euston" is without doubt the
best known. To cabmen, above all other individuals, it is most familiar,
and the traveller has but to mention the name of the principal terminus of
the London and North Western Railway, and in a very short time he will
find himself being carried under the connecting wing of the Company's
solidly built and comfortable hotels, and quickly deposited in the spacious
courtyard, across the entrance of which falls the shadow from the most
magnificent Doric Archway in the world. Should the intending traveller
be accompanied by his family, or should the luggage he intends taking
with him be rather more than can be accommodated by the light and
showy hansom or the heavy and shaking " growler," he would do well to
write a short note, a day or two previous to the date of his journey, to
Euston's Station Master, when that obliging individual will send one of
the Company's small omnibuses to convey the traveller, his party and his
luggage, to the station in time for the train by which he purposes travelling.
The omnibuses are capable of carrying six persons inside and two
outside, with a reasonable quantity of luggage. The charge is moderate,
is. per mile being charged for distances under six miles, with a minimum
of 3^. Above this distance, the rate is is. 6d. per mile.
From the courtyard of the station into the great Hall is but a few steps,
and here, after the passenger has seen his luggage unloaded and taken his
ticket, he will do well to notice the large statue of that pioneer of railways,
George Stephenson. This statue, which is by Baily, is one of the features
of Euston. Passing on to the platform the passenger will be able to
watch the bustle taking place in the ever busy station, and should he be
travelling by a night train the scene is one of interest and animation. At
eight o'clock the Highland Express is despatched and the bustle incident
on its departure has not subsided when the passengers for the Irish Mail,
which leaves at 8.20 p.m. arrive and are made as comfortable as possible
for their long journey to Holyhead. All the while the arrangements for
despatching the foregoing train are being carried out, numbers of post
office officials, assisted by the servants of the company, are expeditiously
dealing with bag after bag of letters, and hamper upon hamper of parcels,
all of which are to be conveyed by the special Postal Mail which is sent
on its important journey at 8.30 p.m. Another Scotch express—the 8.50
p.m.—is then despatched, and a few hours later the midnight express speeds
on its journey to Liverpool, Manchester, and the far North. All of these
night Expresses—with the exception of the Postal train, which carries
nothing but parcels, the mails, and the officials dealing with them—have
luxurious sleeping saloons attached. These are in charge of an attendant,
whose business it is to study the comfort of the occupants.
But comfortable as night travelling has been made, the day time is the
best. For then from the carriage window can be seen forest and pasture-
E us ton and Carlisle.
land, hill and dale, rippling brook and broad river,, noble palace and
picturesque ruin, smiling hamlet and smoky town a moving panorama of
the most interesting kind.
The scenery on the London and North Western Railway between London
and Carlisle is of a varied and picturesque character. Historical spots
are passed as the train flies north, and the following brief notes will draw
the traveller's attention to the principal points of interest. Leaving Euston
and slowly travelling up a steep embankment for a mile, the train passes
by Camden, the great goods depot of the Company, and immediately after,
gaining speed every second, it is rapidly making its way through Primrose
Hill tunnel, 1,158 yards in length, past Kilburn, and thence through the
Kensal Green tunnel to Willesden, which, from being a small and quiet
village, has become a large and growing suburb of London. Willesden is
one of the most busy of the Company's junction stations, for it is here
that the traffic from the outlying districts of the metropolis and from
stations on the railways south of the Thames is dealt with—direct and
frequent trains being run in connection with the London and South¬
western, London Brighton and South Coast, London Chatham and
Dover, Metropolitan District, North London, and other Railway Com¬
panies. Shortly after leaving Willesden, Harrow-on-the-Hill comes into
view on the left hand side with its conspicuous and beautiful church.
Here is the seat of one of England's most famous public schools, at which
Byron, Peel, Palmerston, and other great and distinguished men have
been educated. Just before the train reaches Watford—a thriving town
some sixteen miles from London—are the buildings and grounds of the
London Orphan Asylum. Cassiobury Park, the seat of the Earl of Essex,
and Grove Park, the seat of Earl Clarendon, are in the vicinity. Watford
tunnel (1,725 yards in length) is quickly run through, and the train pro¬
ceeds on its course, past King's Langley, with its square tower and old
church, and its memories of Nicholas Breakspeare, the only Englishman
who ever became Pope of Rome. Then, after passing some charming
rural scenery, through which winds the Grand Junction Canal,; the train
reaches Berkhamstead, famous as the birthplace of the poet Cowper.
Near Berkhampstead, on the right, is the demesne of Earl Brownlow,
Ashridge Park; and further down on the right, rising above a fine belt
of trees which surrounds it, is the monumental column to the Duke of
Bridge water, originator of the canal system. Tring is the next station
passed. The line at this spot is 340 feet above the level of Euston
Square Terminus, it being the highest point reached on the London and
Birmingham Railway (as the London and North Western was first called).
Immediately after passing Cheddington, the junction for Aylesbury, the
princely towers of Mentmore—seat of the Earl of Rosebery—are seen
across the valley, on the left. Leighton, the junction for the straw-plaiting -
town of Dunstable, which lies near to the Chalk Hills of Ivinghoe, is on
the right. Bletchley, the following station, is the junction for the sister
university cities, the line to Oxford branching to the left- and
2
Euston and Carlisle.
Cambridge to the right. At Wolverton, the succeeding station, are situated
the extensive carriage-building works of the London and North-Western
Railway Company. The River Ouse is soon afterwards crossed, and the
train, passing between deep limestone cuttings, enters Northamptonshire.
Shortly after passing Roade, the line, which, up to this point is a quadruple
one, divides, one double line passing through Northampton, the other
passing through Blisworth, Weedon (at which there is an extensive military
depot, and from whence there is a single line to Daventry), and Kilsby
tunnel, both lines uniting again at Rugby.
Northampton (the junction for Peterboro', Stamford, and Market Harboro'
and the new route to Newark, Nottingham, and Doncaster), is principally
noted as being a town in which an enormous number of boots and shoes
are manufactured. The passenger holding a tourist or return ticket to
Scotland may break his journey at this town, as well as at Rugby, Lea¬
mington, Kenilworth, Birmingham, Nuneaton, Stafford, Crewe, Warrington,
Preston, Lancaster, Carnforth, Oxenholme, Shap, Penrith, and Carlisle.
Between Northampton and Rugby (celebrated for its well known public
school), the villages adjacent to the line are full of interest: the parish
churches of Great Brington and Sulgrave (Morton Pinkney Station of the
East and West junction Railway) containing many monuments and records
of the direct ancestors of George Washington first president of the United
States of America. Rugby is the junction for Leamington, Birmingham,
and the "black country." The portion of the line between Rugby and
Stafford is called the "Trent Valley." The first place of importance after
leaving Rugby is Nuneaton, the station midway between London and
Liverpool. It is the junction for Ashby-de-la-Zouch, Loughborough,
the Charwood Forest, and Leicester. Atherstone, the next station to
Nuneaton, is rich in historical recollections. In its old church did -
Henry, Duke of Richmond, receive the sacrament the day before the
battle of Bosworth Field. This historic Field is about seven miles from
Atherstone, and near the Shenton Station of the London and North
Western Railway. At Atherstone Station the line crosses on the level the
Roman road called Watling Street, a remarkable record of the Roman
occupation of this country, extending, as it does, for hundreds of miles
through the kingdom. Polesworth, with the remains of an ancient nunnery,
passed, Tamworth is reached. In the vicinity of this town is Drayton
Manor, noted as the residence of the first Sir Robert Peel. A bronze
statue of the statesman stands in the Market Place. Tamworth Castle, the
property of the Marquis Townshend, was built by Robert Marmion, whose
name supplied Sir Walter Scott with a title for the hero of one of his most
popular poems. Some four miles further down the line is the city of
Lichfield (See Page 10), the junction for Burton and Derby. The small
station of Armitage is now passed, and Rugeley comes into view. The
scenery here is very pretty, but the idea that comes into one's head as the
train runs through is not of pretty scenery, but of Palmer the notorious
poisoner. This murderer was a doctor in the town, and his villainous
3
^
\
Euston and Carlisle.
practice was to insure the lives of persons, poison them, and then obtain
the insurance money. He was executed at Stafford in the year 1856.
The view on the left hand side is bounded by the wooded heights of
Cannock Chase, the demesne of the Marquis of Anglesea, the outskirts of
which flank the horizon for many miles. After passing Colwich, with its
stone-fronted nunnery on the right hand side, and the noble park of Shug-
borough, the small station of Milford and Brocton, embosomed amid the
fir trees of the Chase, is passed, and shortly afterwards the train enters
Stafford. This station is the junction with the North Stafford line and with
the lines to Shrewsbury and South Wales. Leaving Stafford, and passing
the stations of Norton Bridge, Standon Bridge (near which is Trentham
Hall, one of the seats of the Duke of Sutherland), Whitmore, Madeley,
and Basford, the train arrives at Crewe. This station is one of the most
important junctions on the Company's system, it being a centre from
which branches radiate, not only to numerous districts of the London and
North-Western Railway, but also to the lines of the Great-Western and
North Stafford Companies. One section of the London and North-
Western Railway runs north to Warrington, Preston, and Carlisle; a
second runs south-west to Shrewsbury and South Wales; whilst north-west
a line serves Chester, North Wales, and Holyhead, through which latter
station passes the immense Irish traffic of the Company. Still another
line runs in a north-easterly direction, and communicates with Stockport,
Manchester, Leeds, and the north-eastern district of England. One may
gain some idea of the large amount of traffic dealt with here when it is
stated that nearly 300 passenger trains pass this junction daily. The
London and North-Western Company now build all their engines at
Crewe, and this has converted the place from a small village into a large
and flourishing town. It has now more than 24,000 inhabitants, all more
or less connected with the railway interest. It has been called, and called
with truth, the railway town of England. Visitors are admitted to inspect
the vast railway works at this station on presentation of satisfactory letters
of introduction at the superintendent's office at the works.
Resuming the journey, the train makes its way through some flat and
rather uninteresting scenery, past Minshull Vernon, and thence through
some deep cuttings, past Winsford (the centre of the salt district) and
Hartford (junction for Northwich). The next station passed is Acton
Bridge, and the train then runs through a number of cuttings and over a
long embankment, ending in the famous Dutton Viaduct, which is a
quarter of a mile long, and carries the line over the Vale of Dutton and
the river Weaver. An exceedingly fine view is obtained from this viaduct,
and the junction for Liverpool is formed at its termination. Passing
along an embankment by which the line is carried over Dutton Bottoms,
the train runs through Preston Brook Tunnel and Station, where is the
junction of the Bridgewater and Grand Trunk Canals. Then, here rushing
under, and there over, various viaducts, and passing the small station of
Moore, the train reaches the busy town and important station of Warring-
4
Euston and Carlisle.
ton, which was the old junction for, and is midway between, Liverpool
and Manchester, and nearly equidistant from Chester. Warrington is 182
miles from London, and stands on the great Roman road from the north
to the south of the country. The traveller will observe in the distance, on
the left-hand side of the line shortly before entering Warrington, the high
level bridge across the Mersey at Runcorn, the lofty chimneys vomiting
their dense smoke from the alkali works at Runcorn and Widnes forming
a guiding indication to its position. Warrington is the seat of considerable
factories, especially of iron and wire. Earlstown Junction (at which are
the large waggon works of the Company) lies on the left-hand side of the
railway, but the direct route for the north does not pass it but proceeds by
Golborne to Wigan. Wigan is a town of considerable antiquity, having
been known as early as the reign of King Arthur. It is a situated near
the source of the little river Douglas, and contains about 48,000 inhabi¬
tants, the majority of whom are engaged in the manufactory of cotton
goods. Haigh Hall, the seat of Earl Crawford and Balcarres, is not far
from the town. Cannel coal, of a hard jet-black substance, capable of
being made into many fancy articles, is found in the neighbourhood, and
the coal of the district is noted for its excellence as a gas producer.
The train, about four miles from Wigan, passes the plain little station
of Standish. Standish Hall has long been connected with the ancient
family of Standish, whose arms are most peculiar, being no other than
" three standing dishes; crest, an owl with a rat in his talons." Rushing
along the train passes Coppull, crosses the small river Barrow, flies
past Euxton, Leyland and Earrington, crosses the winding river Lo-
stock, and, gaining a1 view of the Penwortham Church on the castle
hill, slackens slowly into Preston. This ancient town, with a popu¬
lation of 95,000 inhabitants (the great majority of whom are engaged in
the manufacture of raw cotton), stands on a hill overlooking the beautiful
Valley of the Ribble. So good a site for a picturesque town has not been
neglected by the citizens of Preston, for, considering the large manufac¬
tories, with the innumerable chimneys belching forth black smoke, the
town has been made beautiful in a striking degree. The Avenham and
Miller Parks, situated on a sloping piece of ground on the banks of the
river Ribble, are most tastefully laid out. The terraces and gardens com¬
mand good views of the river and surrounding country, and higher up the
hills are the handsome villa residences of Preston's town folk. The
Preston Park Hotel, a handsome new erection, has lately been built
here, and is joined to the station by a covered way. It is under the
management of the railway companies, and will be found very convenient
for passengers to and from Scotland wishing to break their journey. It
overlooks the beautiful Valley of the Ribble, and also the grounds of the
public park, to which it has private access. The down train leaving
Euston at 10.0 a.m., and the up train leaving Glasgow at 10.o a.m. and
Edinburgh at 10.0 a.m., stop twenty-five minutes at Preston to enable
nassenprers to dine, an excellent hot dinner being obtainable at a charge of
5
Euston and Carlisle.
The train glides out of Preston, and, after passing Broughton, Brock,
Garstang, Scorton, Bay Horse, Galgate, just prior to reaching Lancaster,
passes the Royal Albert Asylum on the left-hand side, and Ripley's
Hospital on the left—two recently erected edifices of striking architecture.
Lancaster is situated on the river Lune, and contains some 20,000 inhabi¬
tants. The most striking feature of this grand old town is the castle, a
strong fortress erected by John o' Gaunt in the reign of Edward III. Its
principal exports are cotton and hardware manufactures. Lancaster left
behind, a welcome glimpse is caught of the sea close to the station at
Hest Bank, a pretty watering place on Morecambe Bay, with the Westmore¬
land and Cumberland mountains for a background, and the glistening
waters of the bay in front, with Morecambe itself within three miles. Soon
the traveller is in the midst of the beautiful scenery of the lake district.
Here strangely shaped hills—including the lofty heights of the Simon's
Seat and Calf Mountains—meet the traveller's view, and anon (before reach¬
ing Oxenholme) he is in the midst of a pretty undulating valley. Again
the scene changes. The train skirts the Dillicar Hills, and soon after
commences to climb the Shap high summit (900 feet above the sea level)
which is the highest point of the London and North Western Line. The
mountains of the lakes—Skiddaw, Saddleback, and Helvellyn are to be
seen in the distance, and shortly after they fade from the sight the train
leaving Penrith and some smaller stations behind reaches the old Border
City of Carlisle.
It may interest the traveller to know that, throughout the entire journey
from London to Carlisle of 300 miles, the train by which he travels has
been worked under the protection of the system called the "absolute
block "—the approach of the train being telegraphed from signal box to
signal box—the train itself not being allowed to pass one of these signalling
posts until the assurance has been received from the next in advance that
the line is clear for its coming. These signal boxes exist at intervals of
about one and a-half miles throughout the line.
The whole of the carriage stock for Scotch traffic is fitted with a con¬
tinuous break—a clever union of the Vacuum and the Westinghouse
system. The engines for these express trains are for the most part those
of the "compound" description, having three cylinders; the exhaust
steam from the first two cylinders passing into the third (central) cylinder,
and thus being utilised twice over, effects a great saving of fuel, and avoids
the necessity for an outside coupling rod, a novel arrangement patented
by Mr. F. W. Webb, the Mechanical Engineer of the line. These engines
are fitted with an apparatus by which they are enabled while travelling at
speed to take up the necessary supply of water for the tenders, the water
lying stored in elongated troughs laid between the lines of rails. The
troughs exist near Bushey, Wolverton, Lichfield, Whitmore, Warrington,
Tebay, etc., and are visible by passengers in transit. The London and
North Western Line is the only one in England that has adopted this
system.
6
LEAMINGTON AND WARWICK.
Leamington town is so called from the river Leam, a tributary of the
river Avon. Its growth has been exceedingly rapid, for in sixty years the
population has risen from 543 to nearly 23,000. It is a fashionable
watering-place, and during the season is well patronised. Large numbers
of American and Continental visitors flock to it every season to enjoy the
magic healing power of its noted "Wells;" and it seems a matter of
surprise that its fame as a health resort should be better understood by
our American cousins than ourselves. The royal pump-room and baths is
the most important building, and here it is that at a cost of is. per week
the waters—likened in the " Pickwick Papers " to a decoction of warm
flat-irons-—may be imbibed. The bathing establishment is considered
one of the most complete and convenient in the kingdom.
the parade, leamington.
In the immediate neighbourhood is Warwick, one of the most ancient
towns in England, being associated with Caractacus and the Roman
Legions. It is situated near the Avon, with a population of 10,000.
Here stands Warwick Castle, a stately pile, full of recollections of the
historic past, and described by Sir Walter Scott as " the finest monument
of ancient and chivalrous splendour which remains uninjured by time."
After passing the porter's lodge, the tourist proceeds to the outer court,
where, on the right, is Guy's Tower, while on the left is Caesar's Tower,
the oldest part of the building. The gateway is reached by a drawbridge.
The grounds are beautifully laid out, and visitors are allowed to inspect
the Castle (the chapel of which should be specially visited) at certain
times.
7
KENILWORTH.
i
Kenilworth, in its palmy days, must have been as Sir Walter Scott
declares, "a splendid and gigantic structure." Its outer wall enclosed
seven acres, " the lordly structure itself, which rose near the centre of this
spacious enclosure, was composed of a huge pile of magnificent castellated
buildings," apparently of different ages, surrounding an inner court, and
bearing the emblems of mighty chiefs who' had long passed away." The
circumvallation of the royal castle was on two sides adorned and defended
by a lake. The usual entrance was to the northward, which was defended
by a gate-house or barbican equal in extent and superior in architecture to
the baronial castle of many a northern chief. Beyond the lake lay an
« *
kenilworth castle.
extensive chase full of lofty trees, beneath which red deer, fallow deer,
roes, and every other kind of game found their haunts. The name of
Kenilworth inevitably awakens the memory of Amy Robsart and the fickle
favourite of the Virgin Queen. It is to the genius of Scott that the crumb¬
ling ruins owe their charm. If the tale created by his genius and intel¬
lectual power were destroyed, the larger portion of our interest would have
vanished with it.
Caesar's Tower, apparently the oldest part of the building, has been a
keep of immense strength. It is Norman. Some of its walls are sixteen
feet thick. Westward were the kitchens; and the arched passage between
the tower and the kitchens communicated with the gardens. The Strong
Tower, or Mervyn's Tower, will be seen with special interest from the
associations Scott has connected with it. The Great Hall has been an
apartment of magnificent proportions, ninety feet long by forty-five in
breadth. The windows are of great height and exquisite in design. When
visited by Elizabeth, this grand hall was "gorgeously hung for her reception
with the richest silken tapestry."
(
STRATFORD-ON-AVON.
A branch line running through Blisworth Station carries the tourist who
wishes to visit the home and tomb of Shakespeare to Stratford-on-Avon.
We visit the lowly abode where William Shakespeare was born, and
where, as Washington Irving says, " he was brought up to his father's craft
of wool combing." It is a small mean edifice of wood and plaster—a true
nestling-place of genius. The walls of its chambers are covered with names
and inscriptions in every language, by pilgrims of all nations, ranks, and
conditions, amongst the most noticeable being the signatures of Byron,
Walter Scott, the Duke of Wellington, Tom Moore, Mrs. Hemans, and
Charles Dickens. Relics abound, and although these may not be genuine,
there is very little doubt but that the house represented above is the one
in which Shakespeare was born. Many changes has the old house under¬
gone since the days when the poet was a boy. Once it was in danger of
being transferred bodily to America to make a part of a show. Fortu¬
nately this Barnum-like task was averted through the spirited action of a
committee of gentlemen who bought it in at an auction.
In a house, not far from the one where he was born, did gentle William
Shakespeare pass away from this life, and in the beautiful old parish
church he lies buried. From Stratford the tourist can either make his way
by road to Leamington and thence join the main line at Rugby, or, by
booking at the "East and West Junction" Station in Stratford, he can
adopt that Company's route from Stratford-on-Avon to Blisworth, and there
rejoin the main line; while adopting this alternative route, he can break his
journey at Morton Pinkney, and visit the adjacent Village of Sulgrave,
celebrated as the home of the ancestors of George Washington, first Presi¬
dent of the United States.
LICHFIELD. |
The rare and picturesque beauty of Lichfield Cathedral .has earned for it
the reputation of being the most perfect in form of any ecclesiastical edifice
in England. Within its aisles are to be found memorials associated with the
©
great names of Chantrey, Addison, Garrick, and Johnson. At the end of
the south aisle is the world-famed group by Chantrey of " The Sleeping
Children," a composition which is probably unique in its touching and
tender beauty. In the south transept aisles memorials were erected to
Johnson and Garrick. The Nave is probably the most beautiful part of
the Cathedral. It was erected in the thirteenth century, and has "the
great advantage of being a completed idea."
lichfield cathedral.
The most interesting spot in Lichfield is the old house at the corner of
Market Place. It was here that Michael Johnson the bookseller lived,
gloating over choice editions of Homer and Virgil, publishing last dying
speeches, and retailing quack medicines; and it was here that Samuel
Johnson, the great litterateur, was born. His brave patient struggle with
poverty, his unflagging toil, and his unquenchable manhood, all combine
to fling a halo around the spot. There are few names in English literary
history around which men's sympathies cling with so much tenacity as
around that of Dr. Samuel Johnson. (v
10
• —
1
CHURCH STRETTON.
The railway from Shrewsbury to Hereford lies along the " Marches," as
they used to be called, the boundary between England and Wales. After
passing two or three stations we reach the little Salopian town of Church
Stretton, situated in a fine rugged hollow between the Long Mynd Hills
and Wenlock Edge. The neighbourhood is beautiful. There is a fine
range of hills clothed with beauty from foot to peak. The Caradoc Hills
include the heights of Ragleath, 1,000 feet high; Hope, Bowdler, and
Caradoc, each 1,200 feet high ; and the Lawley, 900 feet high. This range
runs from south-west to north-east, extends across the Severn amid uplands
of inferior height, and terminates near Wellington in the remarkable
elevation called the Wrekin, which is 1,674 feet above the sea. The
Wrekin is nine miles south-east of Shrewsbury. The neighbourhood of
Church Stretton is full of historical and geological attractions, and in the
opinion of some only requires to be better known to secure for it a
popularity almost equal to that enjoyed by Malvern. The London and
North Western line which has run thus far south from the county town
soon afterwards divides, one portion running towards Hereford and Mon¬
mouthshire, passing Ludlow, renowned for the ruins of its castle, which
consist of keep, towers, chapel and hall, while the other extends towards
Swansea, Tenby, and Carmarthen, and passes through some most charming
scenery in the heart of Central Wales.
L
11
LLANDUDNO.
On the northern shores of Wales, about half way between Liverpool and
Holyhead, two mighty headlands stretch into the sea, and between them is
spread out the large and fashionable watering-place of Llandudno. The
eastern of the two hills is the Little Orme's Head, and it has been thought
to resemble in appearance a recumbent elephant—" the body, head, eye,
and ear, being developed with extraordinary fidelity; whilst the Great
Orme's Head, to the left, represents the face and figure of a female, exactly
as we have seen them in drawings of antique Grecian sculpture."
The Great Orme's Head has apparently been an island, and is now
joined to the mainland only by a narrow neck of sand and marsh; and on
these, and on the eastern slope of the headland itself, the town has been
built. Towards the sea the cliffs are precipitous, and these have been
hollowed into numerous inaccessible caverns by the dashing of the waves;
in these retreats multitudes of gulls, cormorants, herons, ravens, and
rock pigeons long found a safe retreat, while above, on the steeper heights,
was a favourite haunt of the peregrine falcon ; but we fear that some of these
denizens of the rock have fled before the advances of an innovating civiliza¬
tion. Samphire used to be gathered from the face of the cliffs by the means
so vividly described by Shakespeare. On the higher slopes of the " Head"
an old church has been erected dedicated to St. Tudno. The churchyard
contains the grave of the little son of Mr. John Bright. A carriage-way
has recently been completed round the Great Orme.
Llandudno is an excellent vantage ground for visitors who wish to explore
North Wales. Railway and coach enable the tourist to make interesting and
extended "circular tours " inland, and multitudes avail themselves of them.
BETTWS-Y-COED.
One of the most pleasant excursions from Llandudno is to Bettws-y-
Coed. We pass, by train, from the fashionable bathing-place along by sea
and river beneath the venerable towers of Conway Castle, up the broad and
beautiful estuary of the Conway, until, at Llanwrst, we are in the heart of
scenery eminently Welsh. Here the river is crossed by a bridge of remark¬
able construction, designed by Inigo Jones, who is said to have been a
native of this town. Still journeying by rail four miles further bring us to
the spot so renowned among artists, anglers, and tourists—Bettws-y-Coed,
which means "The Station in the Wood." Here Cox painted some of his
most beautiful pictures, and here multitudes have come to revel amid the
endless delights of a romantic sylvan retreat, where moorland and mountain,
river and cataract and woodland blend their charms. The village is situated
near the junction of the two counties of Carnarvon and Denbigh. The
church stands in the centre of the vale, " a venerable and interesting
object." Not far away the rivers Conway and Llugwy blend their waters;
and three miles distant are the " Falls of the Conway." A steep path
leads to the foot of the falls, where they can best be seen.
Near Bettws is Pont-y-Pair, a stone bridge of singular form, " flung
over the Llugwy," and consisting of four arches planted on the rude rocks
that form the piers, over the precipitous walls of which the floods often
pour their foaming cataracts. The high road from Llanwrst crosses the
Waterloo Bridge, constructed of a single arch of iron of 105 feet span,
which has taken its name from the fact that it was built in the year in which
that battle was fought. The beautiful cataracts of the Swallow Falls are
about two miles distant. An extension of the line from Bettws to Festiniog,
recently opened, passes close to the ruin of Dolwydellan Castle.
11
n&-
CONWAY.
The ancient towers of Conway Castle, as they look down on the suspen¬
sion and tubular bridges beneath, suggest a strange conflict of centuries.
Yet each has a majesty of its own. Here on a solid Slaty rock, washed
by the wide-spread tidal river, the Briton, it is believed, piled his fastness ;
here the Roman came and took up his abode ; and here at length, in 1282,
Edward I. erected his noble fortress, and girdled the town around with
lofty walls, a mile in length, strengthened by twenty-four round towers,
and pierced with four military gates. The walls of the Castle are from
12 to 15 feet in thickness, and embattled ; above them arose eight large
and massive towers, and above each of these a slender turret. The chief
entrance was from the town by a drawbridge, over a very deep moat, and
through a portcullised gateway that led to the large court. This, on the
south side, contained the stately hall, 130 feet long, 32 wide, and 30 high,
lighted by nine windows. At the east end of this court was the reservoir,
fed through pipes that ran for a distance of a quarter of mile. From the
east end ot the great court the Ring s Tower and the Queen's might be
reached, and from these commanding views may be enjoyed, over lull and
dale, iiver and sea. 1 he castle was erected to guard against the fiery insur¬
rections and incursions of Llewellyn. In the Civil War it was held by
Archbishop Williams lor the King, but eventually was surrendered to the
1 arlmmcnt. In 1 'lb3 the lion, timber, and lead wrere removed to Ireland,
under picKn< c that the\ were loi the' service of the Ring. Lime com¬
pleted the desolation, and left the beautiful ruin that remains. The
Suspension bridge was opened 111 1S2O; and the Tubular Bridge for the
railway in iS.pS.
>4
<r>
o>
MENAI BRIDGE.
Onf of the finest suspension bridges in the world is that which spans the
Menai Straits. Something is due to the exquisite scenery amid which it is
placed; something more is due to the qualities of the bridge itself. Its
great span from point to point is 560 feet, and its elevation above the
water-way at the highest tide is 100 feet. It should be seen from the river
itself fully to appreciate its beautiful outline, its great elevation, and the
splendid scene of which it forms a conspicuous feature. The bridge is
noted for the production of a very remarkable echo.
In the same portion of the London and North Western system, but on
the route to Holyhead, is the far-famed Britannia Tubular Bridge, one of
the greatest engineering feats of the century. It remains to-day a monu¬
ment of skill, energy, and care, for it solved a great problem once and
finally. The first germinating idea is to be found in that smaller structure
at Conway, but it grew to its full position under the pressure of necessity,
and after long painstaking and exhaustive experiment. In Smiles' " Lives
of the Engineers," the tale is told how the two Stephensons worked out
the thought; how the great originator of the railway system watched with
pleased attention the processes by which the son made quite certain of
each step in the development of the idea. It tells also how near to failure
was the great effort; how on one occasion the raft drifted, and how on
another the chain broke, and how as a final result the great tubes were
placed where they now rest. One of the spans is 472 feet in length, and
being composed entirely of iron, expands and contracts with the changes
of temperature. To meet the difficulty, the ends of the tubes rest on
moveable rollers, and thus maintain the line of rail perfect, The Britannia
Bridge is more than 100 feet above the water level.
15
§
LLANBERIS.
The three great passes of North Wales are Beddgelert, Nant Francon,
and Llanberis. Some extol the first because of the beauty of the vale, and
because of the Swiss-like appearance of the part that extends on towards
Pont Aberglaslyn. Others prefer Nant Francon—"the A ale of the Beavers
—where the road winds under frowning precipices, and where lake Ogwen,
with waters black as ink, breaks through a chasm in the rocks into number¬
less cascades, 100 feet high, that flow down the sides of the hill and then
find their way into the vast and beautiful valley that extends northwards
to Bethesda and Bangor. Other tourists give the palm to Llanberis. Each
pass may be approached from Capel Curig. The road to Nant Francon
rises above Capel Curig itself; and if we take our course westward we
shall, before long, come to "a parting of the ways," that to the left conduct¬
ing by Nant Gwynant to Beddgelert; that to the right climbing the heights,
until at length we find ourselves shut in on either hand by the frowning
precipice of the pass; while, before long, we shall see stretching before us
the devious road that descends the pass, till in the far off distance we
descry the shining waters of the lakes of Llanberis. Of this celebrated pass
a traveller remarks : " For four miles I was hemmed in on either side by
high rocks. The tints on the prominences were of darkened purple, in the
hollows sombre, and olive brown on the nearer edges. The foreground
was overspread with masses of rock, and a rapid mountain stream forced
its way along the middle of the narrow vale. The rocks on each side were
almost perpendicular throughout." It is from Llanberis that the ascent to
Snowdon is frequently made. Dolbadarn Castle, a single round tower,
stands boldly forth on a rocky eminence. „
i(>
CARNARVON CASTLE.
Carnarvon Castle, says an historian, is a "stupendous monument of
ancient grandeur." It occupies the whole west end of the town. Some
years ago it seemed as if fast going to ruin; its ivy-clad walls appeared to
be yielding to the ravages of time, yet withal retaining a romantic singu¬
larity of their own; and in 1828 the Eagle Tower—the largest of all—was
struck by lightning, which cracked the walls several yards down from the
summit, and displaced large masses of stone; but great pains have since
been taken to repair and restore the entire fabric, and it stands before us
to-day a grand and beautiful structure, less regular than Beaumaris, and, as
some aver, more picturesque than Conway, and larger. On two sides it is
washed by the sea, on the third it was of yore protected by a ditch, and on
the fourth it was shut in by the town. Carnarvon is probably only about
half a mile from the site of the Roman city of Segontium, their principal
station in North Wales. The Castle became the head-quarters of the
English Government after the Conquest by Edward, and here he had the
treasury into which he received the taxes exacted from his Welsh subjects.
The Eagle Tower—so named from the figure of that bird standing on the
summit—occupies one end of the oblong court of the Castle, and has three
turrets rising from it. Here, on the 25th of April, 1284, the first Prince of
Wales, afterwards Edward II., was born. Carnarvon, on account of its own
interest, its excellent accommodation, and its central situation, is frequently
made a place of rest and a point of departure for the tourist. By railway
he can reach Llanberis on the east, and can pursue his way by coach or
by foot to Bettws; or take the route by the glorious vale of Nant Francon
back to Bangor; or visit Anglesea and Holyhead, or he can follow the
western coast of North Wales down to Barmouth or Aberystwith.
17
HOLYHEAD.
Holyhead, or Holy Island, is 263^ miles from Euston, i6c>l from
Birmingham, 111^ from Liverpool, and 124^ from Manchester. It is
separated from the Mainland of Anglesea by a narrow strait which is
crossed by the Railway and Telford's Coach Road. One of Holyhead s
chief points of interest is the harbour of refuge, with its fine breakwater.
Another is the Admiralty Pier, from whence start the mail boats. The
North Western Company's Station adjoins the new harbour, and is con¬
structed on a tract of land which at an enormous expense has been
reclaimed from the sea. The arrival and departure platforms are most
extensive, are lit by electricity, and at their junction is an illuminated dial,
bearing an inscription recording the commencement of the works in 1875,
and their completion and inauguration in 1880 by H.R.H. the Prince of
Wales. On one side of the platform run the mail and express trains,
while on the opposite side are berthed the express steamers employed in
the Irish Channel Service, by which passengers can reach Dublin North
Wall, a distance of seventy miles, in from three and a half to four hours.
The commodious Prince of Wales Hotel, which is under the management
of the Railway Company, stands on the quay in close proximity to the
Station. In addition to a Service to Dublin, there is also an Express Boat
Service to Greenore for the north of Ireland. The distance from Holy¬
head to Greenore is eighty miles, and one of the Company's steamers leaves
Holyhead on the arrival of the night train, and reaches its destination
early on the following morning.
Among the principal objects which the traveller should not fail to see
when visiting tins Welsh seaport, are the large and commodious quays
which were opened by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales in 1880.
18
§
DUBLIN AND GREENORE.
The London and North-Western boats, on arrival at Dublin, are berthed
at the North Wall Landing-stage, and adjacent is a convenient railway
station belonging to the same company, provided with refreshment and
dining rooms, and reached by a tunnelled way. It affords direct com¬
munication with the Great Southern and Western, Great Northern, and
Midland Great Western Railways, thus affording a most convenient centre
for all who intend visiting the principal towns and tourist resorts of Ireland.
Among the principal buildings of Dublin are the splendid Castle, the three
grand Cathedrals, the Custom House, and the legal buildings known as
the Four Courts. Sackville and Grafton Streets are thoroughfares of which
GREENORE.- gf
any city might well be proud, and the noble Phoenix Park is one of the
finest demesnes not only in Ireland but in the United Kingdom.
At Greenore the tourist will see a fine quay, 750 feet long, a commodious
terminus, and a good hotel. He is also in the presence of a splendid
prospect of land and water, a foreground of rich verdure, and a background
of mountains. "The bold and rugged mountain chain of Carlingford rises
gradually, even from the water's edge, until it attains a height of 2,000 feet
above the level of the sea. In front the view of the far-stretching waters of
the lough is closed at a distance of some miles by Warrenpoint and Ross-
trevor, while to the right are disposed, in full grandeur of outline and colour¬
ing, the series of mountain ranges and peaks that run from Rosstrevor to
the Mourne Mountains.
The line from Greenore to Dundalk is about twelve miles in length. It
is carried over the estuaries of Castletown and Ballymascanlan by two large
viaducts, each having twenty-two spans of nearly forty feet.
19
r
ftv/.
BUXTON.
The great fashionable centre of Derbyshire, rests upon the moorland of the
Peak, and can boast of an altitude whose lowest level is more than 1,000
feet above the sea. Here are those thermal springs whose healing power
has been recognized from before the days of the Druids to the present
hour. The subtleties of chemistry have not yet solved the entire problem,
but sufficient is known to give a scientific basis to the wide and long
sustained reputation. Here the Romans built baths, whose remains are
still in good preservation; here the titular saints of the early days of
Christianity held dominion ; here, also, Cromwell's representative swept
away the idols, denounced the practice, and sealed up the wells; here
rested at the old Hall, Mary Queen of Scots, while a prisoner in the charge
of the Earl of Shrewsbury; here also, in time, came that thickly-gathering
throng which eventually produced the charming inland retreat which now
exists; here are to be found first-class hotels, bright winter gardens, smooth,
broad walks, and all the incidental items that tend to make a locality
pleasant and diverting.
The baths at Buxton are of special use in all cases of rheumatism and
gout, and it may be assumed that there is no other locality in England so
peculiarly fitted to afford relief. There are two public baths for gentle¬
men ; one measures 26 feet by 18 feet, and is 4{- feet deep; the water
enters at the rate of more than 100 gallons per minute, is admitted through
perforations in the flooring, and flows out at the top, thus maintaining a
constant supply of pure water. There are six private baths, half for ladies
and the other half for gentlemen. Here, also, are hot-water baths, both
public and private. „
$
LIVERPOOL.
The important city of Liverpool, which is 201 J- miles from Euston, 96^
from Birmingham, and 31^ from Manchester, is remarkable not only for
the rapid growth of its trade and the structural elegance of its buildings,
but more especially for its complete system of Docks which line the
Mersey for a distance of six miles, and cover, with the basins attached, no
less than 333 acres. In the "Alexandra" and " Langton " Docks are
berthed the far-famed Atlantic steamers, while in the " Morpeth " Dock
lie the splendid fleet of steamers sailing to and from the West Indies,
Spain, Calcutta, China, and the Pacific.
American passengers do not, as a rule, land at the Docks, but leave the
bteamer in the Mersey, and proceed by tender to the fine floating landing-
stage which is over 2,000 feet in length. However, at certain times of the
tide it is found more convenient for the steamers to proceed direct to the
" Alexandra " Dock; and when this is the case, a special train is generally
provided by the London and North Western Railway Company to run from
their " Alexandra" Dock Station to Lime Street Station, for the con¬
venience of passengers for their line and the Lime Street Station Hotel.
Passengers can obtain railway tickets at "Alexandra" Dock Station for
London and all stations on the London and North Western system.
Lime Street, the chief station of the London and Northwestern Railway
in Liverpool, is a building of immense proportions and contains four arrival
and four departure platforms. Adjacent, and indeed forming part of the
station, is the " North Western" Hotel, one of the largest in the kingdom ;
it is under the management of the Company, and no effort is spared to
secure the comfort of visitors. This Hotel is patronized by the elite of
American travellers.
21
s ,
RUNCORN BRIDGE.
The great curve made by the vast estuary of the Mersey as it bends
south and eastward and separates the counties of Cheshire and Lancashire,
long rendered it impossible to secure direct communication between Crewe
and Chester and Liverpool; and the traveller was compelled to take a
circuitous route, first north and then west, or to leave his train and cross
the river by steamboat from Birkenhead. At length, however, the London
and North Western Company resolved to overcome every obstacle and to
carry their main line right over the Mersey, and at such an elevation as not
to interrupt the busy navigation of the river. The work was one of unusual
magnitude, but was successfully accomplished. The bridge is approached
by the Runcorn Viaduct, which consists of thirty-three arches; one of
20 feet span, twenty-nine of 40 feet span, and three of 61 feet. The bridge
itself rests on four massive castellated piers, 300 feet apart, that sink into
the bed of the river, and carry the girders 80 feet above the water. Ten
other arches form the West Bank Viaduct; this leads to an embankment;
and the line is now continued upon the Ditton Viaduct of forty-nine arches.
The total cost of the structure was ^422,000, of which nearly ^42,000
were paid for land. The journey from London to Liverpool is by this route
shortened some nine miles. The appearance of the Viaduct, as it carries
the passenger over river and sea, is very striking. A footway on each side
of the Viaduct supersedes the old and tedious ferry, and must be a great
boon to the locality. The direct route to Crewe carries the traveller
through a dull but important salt-mining district. It is estimated that the
total quantity of salt sent from hence is more than 1,500,000 tons a year.
Runcorn is an inland port with a population of some 13,000 souls.
22
BLACKPOOL.
The pretty watering place of Blackpool stands on a range of cliffs front¬
ing the Irish Sea, and on a favourable day the promontory of Furness, the
Cumberland Hills, and the mountains of North Wales are distinctly visible.
Sometimes the Isle of Man may be seen. The situation of Blackpool
confers some advantages over other watering places on the Lancashire
coast. Its elevation above the sea at low water is considerable, and the
tide does not recede more than half a mile. The healthy bracing air and
the fine hard sands attract great numbers of visitors to Blackpool. A new
pier and promenade were opened in 1873 ; and since then another pier
has been erected, a carriage drive about three miles in length has been
blackpool.
completed, and other improvements have been made. The name of the
town is derived from a peaty-coloured pool near a farmhouse called Fox
Hall, once the residence of the Tyldesleys. The whole of the adjacent
country is within the district called Fylde, and is one of the richest parts
of the county of Lancaster. One of the leading attractions of the town is
to be found in the superb structure of glass and iron known as the Winter
Gardens, with its magnificent floral hall surmounted by an imposing dome.
The fernery is also a marvellous combination of picturesque rock-work,
water, and ferns. The Grand Pavilion, with seats for 3,000 people; the
covered promenade, 30 feet wide; the extensive skating rink, and elegantly
appointed refreshment-rooms, all combine to complete a veritable palace
of the people. In the summer steamers ply from the piers to Llandudno,
Southport, Morecambe, the Isle of Man, and other places.
23
MORECAMBE.
Morecambe is a favourite watering-place, about four miles from Lan¬
caster, on the shores of Morecambe Bay. The bay, when the tide is up, is
a fine sheet of water, 16 miles long by 10 miles wide. The tides rise and
fall with unusual rapidity, and at low tide the quicksands are extremely
treacherous, and should on no account be attempted without a guide.
But while we caution our readers against dangers, we must not be un¬
mindful of the many beauties of Morecambe Bay. A few years ago only
an obscure fishing village stood where now is the large and growing town
of Morecambe, with its promenades, its piers, its terraces and its churches, its
sands, stretching at low tide " far, far out, almost to the rim of the horizon,
and yet the brighter rim burning beneath the sun tells of the sea beyond;"
its hills, its sea wall and railway stations, its bright and far-reaching
coast line, its fishing vessels and coasting steamers, and not far away the •
grey and purple hills of the Lake District. To the north of the bay the
estuary of the Kent is crossed by. a noble viaduct of fifty spans of thirty
feet each, with a drawbridge to admit of the passage of sailing vessels. A
similar structure carries the line over the Leven. A new line connecting
Lancaster and Morecambe is in course of construction.
The favourite walk for visitors is the great pier. It stands high above
the water, and affords a beautiful prospect on every hand. At the end is
a good aquarium and a bazaar. The sands furnish splendid bathing
facilities. So many visitors and residents come here from the West
Riding that Morecambe has acquired the name of "Little Bradford."
^ Steamers ply from hence to Londonderry and Portrush.
«
FURNESS ABBEY.
In the secluded and beautiful glen of Nightshade Vale, with its flowing
stream and its wooded hills, the Abbey 6f Furness was founded in 1127 ;
and here arose church and chapter-house, hall, cloisters, and school, lodge,
mills, and granaries,—the remains of which survive; while on an eminence
not far away the beacon-fire would blaze to tell the whole country-side of
Furness that foes were expected or that help was required. Here the
founders of the Abbey might be seen—the grey-robed Benedictine monks
from the monastery of Savigny in Normandy. But after a while they
changed their profession, and now wore the white Cassock, cowl, and
scapulary of St. Bernard. The Abbey was a mother institution—nine other
monasteries arose under its auspices—and the abbot himself became a sort
of king, whose rights were ratified by twelve English monarchs, and who
with his successors held, for 400 years, supreme rule, ecclesiastical and
civil, over the whole of Furness, extending from the Duddon to Windermere.
The mesne lords did fealty, and every tenant was bound to furnish man and
horse for the Border Wars. The Abbey grounds enclosed 65 acres.
The Abbey is of the pale red stone of the district, the effect of which is
at first somewhat disappointing. In the Abbey itself " the heavy shaft
alternates with the clustered pillar, and the round Norman with the Gothic
arch." " All," says Harriet Martineau, " is sad and silent now. The
chapter-house, where so many grave councils were held, is open to the
babbling winds." Where the abbot and his train swept by, the visitor
strolls amid long grass and waving ferns. Instead of swelling anthems
and penitential psalms are the voices of birds, and winds, and waters.
There is an excellent hotel hard by.
%
KENDAL.
Kendal is the largest market town in Westmoreland, and contains
nearly 14,000 inhabitants. Wordsworth speaks of it as :
11A straggling burgh, of ancient charter proud,
And dignified by battlements and towers
Of a stern castle, mouldering on the brow
Of a green hill."
The woollen manufacture was founded here as early as the fourteenth
century by Flemish weavers, and the quality of the material produced is
indicated in the lines that declare that " for making of our cloth" Kendal is
" scarce matched in all the land." The town is built of a mountain lime
HAWES BRIDGE, KENDAL.
stone which abounds in fossils; and the material, found in abundance on
the fells, being susceptible of a high polish, is much used for chimney
pieces.
The ruins of Kendal Castle, consisting of four broken towers and part
of the outer wall, crown the summit of a grassy knoll to the east of the
town, and from hence a pleasant and extensive prospect may be enjoyed.
Queen Catharine Parr was born here.
One of the most interesting excursions from Kendal is to a spot not too
well known to visitors to the Lake District. It is through Longsled Dale
to Hawes Water. The dale itself, with its rustic cottages nestling among
groves enclosed by dark fells, is, as Mr. Radcliffe asserts, "a little scene of
exquisite beauty." At length, after some long and hard climbing, we reach
the summit of the pass, and descending on the other side, Hawes Water
comes into view—fifteen miles from Kendal. From hence we may reach
the glorious mountains and lake of Ullswater.
26
S).p— - T <
/
5 * 1 :
THE LAKES.
Entering the train at Euston, a pleasant run of about seven hours
brings us to the charming village of Windermere and the heart of the lake
country. As we step out of the station and look around, the extreme
stillness and sense of quiet which prevail on every hand, impress us as
being in strong contrast to the whirl and excitement of city life. Here
"calm is all nature as a resting wheel."
For those to whom rest after months of toil is a necessity, the change is
at once thorough and soothing, while the lover of solitude, with time at
his disposal, may here hold converse with nature in some of her loveliest
haunts.
The position of the village of Windermere itself is singularly picturesque.
The cozy-looking villas, mostly new; the clean streets, the wooded heights
that shelter it from the bitter north-east winds, its elevated situation above
the lake, its comfortable accommodation and good society, combine to make
it a very desirable place for either a lengthened sojourn or a short stay.
There is no necessity to walk long distances in order to enjoy the scenery
around Whndermere; the beauty lies close at hand, although there are
certain coigns of Vantage from which a more extended and glorious
prospect can be obtained. Chief among these may be mentioned Orrest
Head and Elleray. The former is but a few minutes' walk from the rail
way station, and commands a magnificent prospect of the lake, stretched
out in all its grandeur, flanked on the north-west by a range of mountains
whose lonely peaks stand out sharp and clear against the sky-line. Among
these, like time-worn anchorites, solitary and distinct, the Langdale pikes
attract the eye, and in very clear weather the highest point among English
hills, Scawfell pike, can be discerned in the extreme distance. The view
given in our illustration, from the grounds of Elleray, the seat of Mr.
u
Heywood, is in most respects almost similar to that seen from Orrest
Head. Among the many tours that may be made to places of interest
in the lake district, our space will allow us to briefly mention only a few.
A pleasant walk down-hill brings the traveller to Bowness, at which a boat
may be hired for a row on the Lake. Close by is the Ferry Nab, the view
from which is exceedingly beautiful. The sight of Storrs will recall the
memorable scene described by Lockhart in his life of Scott. When the
great Northern Minstrel visited the lakes in 1825, it was at Storrs that he
met Mr. Canning, then visiting Mr. Bolton. " A large company had been
assembled there in honour of the minister, and it included already Mr.
Wordsworth. The weather was as Elysian as the scenery. There were
brilliant cavalcades through the woods in the morning, and delicious
boatings on the lake by moonlight; and the last day the Admiral of the
Lake (a title bestowed on Professor Wilson by Canning) presided over one
of the most splendid regattas that ever enlivened Windermere. Perhaps
there were not fewer than fifty barges following in the professor's radiant
procession when it paused at the point of Storrs to admit into the place of
27
Winder mere.
r
Lake District; Windermere.
honour the kind and happy Mr. Bolton and his guests. The bards of
the lakes led the cheers that greeted Scott and Canning, and music and
sunshine, flags, streamers, and gay dresses, the merry hum of voices, and
the rapid splashing of innumerable oars, made up a dazzling mixture of
sensations, as the flotilla wound its way among the richly foliaged islands,
and along bays and promontories peopled with enthusiastic spectators."
Probably the most delightful drive in England is that by the coach from
Windermere to Keswick, a distance of twenty-one miles, the time required
for the journey being a little less than three hours. The road from
Windermere lies through the beautiful valley of Troutbeck, where an uncle
of the great painter, Hogarth, resided at one time, and had some repute as
a local poet.
Two miles from Ambleside, a town of considerable and still growing
attractiveness, situated in the very heart of lovely scenes, we reach Rydal,
with its Mere, a place at once recalling the name so intimately connected
with the whole of the lake district in general, and this spot in particular—
William Wordsworth. Close by, nestling at the summit of a beautifully
shaded avenue, stands the "Mount," which became, from 1813 till his
death, the home of the poet. The grounds may be seen by permission.
Apart from the interest awakened by the possession of lovely scenery, the
associations of Westmoreland are inseparable from the life of William Words¬
worth. Although it cannot be said that he has done for the lake country
what Sir Walter Scott has done for Scotland, yet the memories that cluster
around the name and neighbourhood of so great a genius attract the
traveller from every clime, and thus, " perhaps as an English shrine, Rydal
Mount stands next to Stratford-on-Avon for the multitude and devotion of
its palmer spirits." Unlike Dr. Samuel Johnson, Oliver Goldsmith, and
many other great men whose names stand out emblazoned on the scroll of
literary fame, the pressure of life at no time weighed heavily on Words¬
worth. He never knew what it was to work, whether inspiration came or
not, in order that he might live, and to this in some degree may be
attributed the want of interest in his works manifested during his life by
the general public, for certain it is that few poets have during their lifetime
received so little approbation. The motto, " vox populi, vox Dei," however,
will not hold water for an instant as regards Wordsworth, for few men wrote
with less of the voice of the people to cheer them on. Another reason for
this absence of appreciation was undoubtedly the character of his poetry, and
the difficulty of understanding the philosophic mind which manifests itself
in all his writings. In our own day Wordsworth is better understood, and
therefore our appreciation of his writings is the greater.
About two miles from Rydal we pass Grasmere, with its beautiful lake,
on which there are facilities for boating and fishing, and pressing on we
arrive at the famous pass known as " Dunmail Raise," so called from the
I fact that here the brave and gallant Dunmail, last king of the Cumbrian
i britons, died in battle with the Saxons. Over the spot where he was
Lake District: Keswick.
buried a large pile of stones, overgrown with moss, is raised, and is known
as " Dunmail's Cairn." The pass is flanked on either side by two lofty
mountain heights, known respectively as "Seat Sandal" and "Steel Fell,"
who frowningly look down from their altitude of 2,000 feet above Dunmail
Raise, while the pass itself is more than 700 feet above sea level. So on
the road leads along the side of beautiful Thirlmere, past the Castle Rock
of "Triermain," on through the "Vale of St. John's," renowned for its
glorious scenery, till at last there bursts upon the view one of the most
splendid scenes in Europe: the little town of Keswick, invested on every
side by mountains, crags, woods, and waters. In the distance we see how—
" His wizard course where hoary Derwent takes
Through crags and forest, glooms and opening lakes,
Staying his silent waves to hear the roar
That stuns the tremulous cliffs of high Lodore."
From Keswick the tourist may visit Buttermere, distant fourteen miles, by
coaches leaving the hotels about 10 a.m. and returning about 6 p.m. The
drive for three miles of the route is by the side of Derwentwater, and
glimpses of great beauty constantly come forth. The Bowder Stone, near
Borrowdale, in shape somewhat like the keel of a ship capsized, and said to
weigh 1,900 tons, is an object of interest on the way. The Lodore Cascade,
sometimes called the English Niagara, and the Falls of Barrow, should not
be forgotten.
Ullswater may also be visited from Keswick by public conveyance.
The distance is fifteen miles. A pleasant sail by the steam yacht on the
waters of this fine lake may be enjoyed, or for those to whom the manly
exercise of rowing is preferable, every facility is offered.
30
CARLISLE.
Carlisle is pleasantly situated between the Eden, Caldevv, and the
Petterill rivers, which although not large afford excellent trout fishing. It
is one of the most ancient cities in the kingdom. Tradition affirms that
King Arthur held his court in the town. Be that as it may, it is certain
that it was occupied by the ancient Britons, that it afterwards became a
Roman station, and that it was fortified by Agricola. Carlisle Castle
(in part converted into a gaol) is said to have been taken by William
Rufus. Carlisle has been the scene of many a bloody contest. The
ancient Britons were not by any means the most peaceable creatures, and
they indulged in many a fight. Then came the Roman legions to fight
the Britons; and soon after occurred the struggles between the Saxons
and the Picts and Scots. Later on came wars between England and
Scotland, and the names of David, King of Scots, Wallace, Robert Bruce,
and the Black Douglas, conjure up visions of a time which must have been
full of bloodshed. Where other warriors had been, Cromwell, as a matter
of course, must follow ; and one can imagine the Ironsides of the Pro¬
tector, after having driven from out the city the adherents of Charles,
singing psalms in the old castle, and giving forth praises for another victory
over the supporters of the " man of sin," as they were pleased to call
Charles I. In 1745 it surrendered to Prince Charles Stuart; and, on being
retaken by the Duke of Cumberland, was the scene of great cruelty.
Turning from war to peace, it may be stated that Carlisle was made a
bishopric by Henry I. in 1133. The cathedral, originally part of a Roman
priory, was some time since restored and embellished. The remaining
public buildings most worthy a visit from the tourist are St. Mary's Church,
the Court Houses, the Market Cross, Eden Bridge (which affords a fine view
of the river Eden), and some quaint and very old-fashioned houses in the
Market Place. Carlisle has extensive founderies and breweries, and there
are also buildings for the manufacture of cotton, woollen, linen, and other
fabrics, leather hats, and hardware. 31
GLASGOW AND EDINBURGH.
Beyond Carlisle the line proceeds northwards, and becomes the Caledonian
Railway. It divides at Carstairs, from which point it branches away to¬
wards the two great centres of Scotland—Edinburgh and Glasgow ; the one
the representative of intellectual activity, the original home of Scottish
Royalty, and the modern Athens; the other the active city of commerce,
the great leader of maritime construction, and the locality surrounded by
splendid scenery. The River Clyde takes its own position as a locality
of great natural beauty, and the falls which break its course are famous far
and wide. The best point from which to visit the falls and the most
immediate centre of interest, but only for its associations, is the ancient
town of Lanark, four miles from Carstairs. Here Kenneth II. summoned
the first Scottish Parliament in 978. The town at once recalls to our
minds the life of the greatest of Scottish patriots—William Wallace, the
Knight of Ellerslie. Here he lived and commenced his historical career
by striking down the English Sheriff Hazelrigg, in return for the murder of
his wife; the neighbourhood teems with the incidents connected with his
memory. From Glasgow numerous localities of interest may be visited."
Among these may be mentioned Greenock, from which the beautiful island
of Rothesay, noted for its sea-bathing facilities, may be easily reached.
Wemyss Bay is also much resorted to by excursionists from Glasgow,
and will well repay a visit.
In Edinburgh, the city itself is worthy of its far-famed reputation. The
Castle on the upreared massive rock stands out in singular force, clearly
defined, though dark and threatening. Beneath its shadow the white jet
of steam marks the presence of the railway engine; whilst within a stone's
throw the Gothic monument raised to Sir Walter Scott lifts its delicate
tracery in pinnacled outline to the sky. Down in the hollow near tbe
Canongate is Holyrood Palace, famous as the scene of Rizzio's murder;
they still show the room where the deed was done. A little beyond is
Burn's monument, and behind it lies Arthur's seat, one of the range of
hills that encircle Edinburgh. In the upper town is the house inhabited
by Walter Scott before he built Abbotsford ; whilst in the lower town is the
house inhabited by Knox: beyond these there are numerous localities which
the great novelist has lifted into fame by incorporating them into his novels,
giving to his writings a lifelike vividness, and elevating the localities them¬
selves by his antiquarian knowledge. From Edinburgh and Glasgow the
trains run to the far-famed Highlands, where Scotch mountains and Scotch
lakes combine with the keei; Scotch air, to give fresh life to those who are
weary from over-work, or those who are tired of the London season.
It may be here 7ticntioned that the recently accelerated day service vf trains
between London and both Edinburgh and Glasgow by the North Wester71
and Caledonian Railways is a very convenient one, taking only nine hours to
accomplish the journey in each direction instead of ten hours, as was the case
previous to June 1st, 1888. The Day Express leaving London (Euston) at
10 ami. reaches Edinburgh (Prince's Street) and Gtasg07u (Centi'al) at 7 p.in.,
and the train leaving Glasgow (Central) and Edinburgh (.Prince's Street) at
10 a.m. reaches London (Euston) at 7 p.m. Other Expresses, both day and
night, have also been accelerated.
32
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LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 1888
1*5
1 — —. .
Clondonand:
mm
ROYAL MAIL ROUTE.
The London and North Western Railway Company
Are General Carriers to and from all parts of
ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, IRELAND
AND THE CONTINENT.
PASSENGER SERVICE.
Express Trains are run at frequent intervals between London, Liverpool
and Manchester, with connections to and from Birmingham, the manufacturing
districts of South Staffordshire, Chester, Holyhead, Bradford, Halifax, Leeds, and the
manufacturing districts of Yorkshire ; also to Preston, the Lakes of Windermere,
Carlisle and Scotland. The Carriages run by these Trains are of the most improved
description, in many instances the First Class Compartments are fitted with lavatory
accommodation; and Saloon Carriages, in charge of an attendant, are run between
several of the important centres.
(LONDON (euston) and BIRMINGHAM under 3 Hours,
rftwffn LONDON (euston) and MANCHESTER in 41 Hours.
1 LONDON (euston) and LIVERPOOL in 44 Hours-
EXPRESS TRAINS TO AND FROM SCOTLAND.
The Trains of the London and North Western (Railway Co. are in direct connection
at Carlisle with the trains of the Caledonian Co.; and the service by this, the West
Coast (Royal Mail) (Route, will be found most convenient to passengers travelling from
London, Birmingham, Bristol, Manchester, and all parts of England to Edinboro',
Glasgow, Dundee, Perth, Aberdeen, and the North of Scotland, and vice versa.
IRELAND.
The Steamers plying between Holyhead and Dublin (both North Wall and
Kingstown) offer first class accommodation to passengers travelling to and from
Ireland ; at Holyhead the Boats are in connection with the express trains above
referred to, and at Dublin the North Wall Boats are berthed alongside the
platforms of the L. & N. W. North Wall Station, Steamers also ply between
Holyhead and Greenore, Belfast and Eleetwood, and Larne and Stranraer.
FAMILY, SALOON, AND INVALID CARRIAGES
Will be provided upon application.
SLEEPING SALOONS
Are provided by the night trains between London and Liverpool London and
Holyhead, London and Edinboro', London and Stranraer, London and
Manchester, London and Glasgow, and London and Perth.
ENGAGED COMPARTMENTS.
The exclusive use of a first, class compartment can be secured, provided not less than
four tickets are taken, and that written notice he given to the station-master at the
departure station not less than two hourei before starting, if at a terminal station,
or the previous day if at an intermediate station.
OMNIBUSES FOR" FAMILY PARTIES.
The Company provide Omnibuses to convey passengers and their luggage to and
from London and North Western St.alimm in the following towns, viz:—London
(Euston) Kensington (Addison Road), Birmingham (New Street), Liverpool (Lime
Street and Edge Hill), uiiii Manchester (Loudon Road and Exchange).
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, l88 8-
PASSENGERS' LUGGAGE. %
First Class Passengers are allowed 120 lbs., Second Class Passengers 100 lbs., and
Third Class Passengers 60 lbs. weight of PERSONAL LUGGAGE ONLY, free of
charge—all excess will be charged for according to distance.
THE REDUCED SCALE FOR EXCESS LUGGAGE IS : —For distances
up to 50 miles, One Farthing per lb.; from 51 to 151 miles, One Half-penny per lb.;
from 151 to 300 miles, Three Farthings per lb.; over 300 miles, One Penny per lb.;
minimum charge, Sixpence.
The Company have made arrangements to deliver, within the usual delivery limits,
the Luggage of Passengers at their residences in London, Birmingham,
Leicester, Liverpool and Manchester, at an uniform rate of Sixpence per
Package.
FAMILY LUGGAGE.
Arrangements can be made in all large towns for carting to the Station at Cheap
Rates the luggage of Families travelling by the L. & N. W. Line, and also for
forwarding such Luggage by Passenger train in advance.
PARCEL ARRANGEMENTS.
The Company have established numerous agencies for the receipt of Parcels both in
London and the Country. A list of these Agencies is given in the Company's Official
Time Book.
HOTEL ACCOMMODATION.
The Hotels at Euston, Birmingham, Bletchley, Crewe, Greenore, Holyhead, Liver¬
pool, Blaenau Festiniog, Preston, and North Wall, Dublin, are under the management
of the Company. The accommodation provided at these Hotels is of the highest
standard, and the charges will be found reasonable. Telegraph and Postal Services
are provided at the Co's. Hotels.
LUNCHEON BASKETS,
At a charge of 3/- each, are supplied to passengers at Euston, Bletchley, Northampton,
Bugby, Nuneaton, Stafford, Crewe, Birmingham, Liverpool, Holyhead, and Preston. A
reduction of -/6 is made when neither beer or wine is supplied.
HUNTING ARRANGEMENTS.
During the Hunting Season special facilities are given to Ladies, Gentlemen, their
Grooms and Horses attending the Hunting Meets. Hunting Season Tickets are
issued under special regulations, which can be obtained on application at the principal
Stations.
HORSES ANI> PRIVATE CARRIAGES.
A quick transit is afforded by fast ordinary trains, but some of the express and
residential trains do not convey such traffic.
1st, 2nd & 3rd Class Passengers are conveyed by all Trains except the Irish Mails,
which are 1st and 2nd Class only.
Further information as to Passenger Traffic can be obtained upon application to the
following Officers:—
G. P. NEELE, Superintendent of the Line, Euston, London.
J. BISHOP District Traffic Superintendent, Abergavenny.
H. CATTLE District Traffic Superintendent, Lancaster.
A, ENTWISTLE, ..District Traffic Supenintendent, Whitehaven.
J. ENTWISTLE, ...District Traffic Superintendent, Shrewsbury.
G. E. MAWBY District Superintendent, Exchange Station, Manchester.
R. PURSSELL District Supt., Castle Station, Northampton.
J. SHAW District Supt , Lime Street Station, Liverpool.
W.G. SKIPWORTH, Traffic Manager, North Wall, Dublin.
F. SMITH Traffic Superintendent, Victoria Station, Swansea.
W. SUTTON District Supt., New Street Station, Birmingham.
J. GROOM District Supt., Euston Station, London.
E. WOOD District Superintendent, General Station, Chester.
Merchandise, Mineral, Live Stock, & General Produce Traffic.
Full particulars of arrangements can be obtained of F. Harrison, Chief Goods
Manager, Euston Station, London.
1st, 2nd7& 3rd Class TOURIST TICKETS
Are issued during the Summer Season to and from all Principal Tourist Resorts in
Great Britain.
Time tables will he found at all the chief Stations of the London. Brighton & South Coast, London
Chatham & Dover, London and South Western, and South Eastern Railways, and at the Stations in the
Isle-of-Wight. Time Books, with particulars of Trains, Fares, etc., are supplied to all the principal
Hotels in the Kingdom.
Through Rates for the conveyance of Parcels, Horses, Carriages, Goods, Merchandise, &c.,
between the South and West of England, the Midland Manufacturing Districts, Lancashire, Yorkshire,
and all the important Towns on the London and North Western System arc in operation.
The Public are requested to he particular in ordering their traffic
" Via the London and North Western Route."
S. REAY, G. FINDLAY,
Secretary, Euston Station, London, 1888. General Manager%
I
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 188 8.
. , ■ - —— J
Close to the Sea, and within a Minute's walk of the Harbour Station. It is patronised
by the nobility and gentry of all nations, and has a reputation thoughout Europe for
the excellence of its Management. Adjoining the Hotel,and connected by a covered way
is a spacious winter garden for the use of visitors to the Hotel. Table d' hote daily at 7 p.m.
SPURGEN & WAITE, Proprietors.
SEABROOK HOTEL,
HYTHE.
This Hotel is in connnection with the Pavilion Hotel, Folkestone, and under the same
Management. It stands on the sea front, is now, commodious, fitted with every modern
improvement, and elegantly furnished The situation is unrivalled Visitors received
at fixed pnoes by arrangement
SPURGEN & WAITE, Proprietors.
r
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 188 8.
SHINE
I CAUSED BY WEAR, promptly
I removed from Ladies' Jackets,
' Gentlemen's Coats, &c., any colour,
I 1)7 a NEW dry process.
Sole Inventor: W, A. ALLERY,
TAILOR, &c„
63, OXFORD STREET, W, ( PARKINS & GOTTO'S )
(Late of 3, Soho Street).
Repairs, Alterations and General Gleaner. Six months' guarantee ^iv en with
every garment made at this establishment.
THE ROYAL HOTEL,
PLYMOUTH.
Refurbished and redecorated throughout. New Ladies' Drawing Room and Nev
Smoking Room. Extensile Posting Establishment. SAMUEL PEARSE, Proprietor.
THE GRESHAM HOTEL,
UPPER SACKVILLE STREET, DUBLIN,
One of the Largest and Best Appointed Hotels in Ireland.
Contains 120 Bedrooms, Suites of Apartments for Families, Coffee Room and
Drawing Room for Ladies, &c. Tariff fixed and Moderate.
PROPRIETORS—THE GRESHAM HOTEL COMPANY, LIMITED.
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS,
188 8.
MANCHESTER
GRAND HOTEL
AYTOUN STREET,
IN THE CENTRE OE THE CITY. NEAR ALL THE STATIONS.
Every Modern Comfort and Convenience, Lift, &c.
Special attention has been paid to the Sanitary arrangements.
First Class Cuisine & Cellar. Moderate Prices. French, German & Spanish Spoken.
APPLY TO THE MANAGER.
BANGOK.
BRITISH HOTEL,
Within five minutes' walk of Railway Station.
NEW SMOKING ROOM AND LADIES' DRAWING ROOM.
Handsomo Coffee Room; Private Sitting Rooms: BillUrd Room, with two New Tables; Posting and Livery
Stables. 'Bus meets all Trains, aud is free to and from Station. Charges moderate
winb a. xvt h> spirit mb hohant8.
ItltOIVN A ri GlIK, Proprietors.
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 1888.
f Milners- Safes,
| Designed and Constructed for all Risks and Requirements
i
i
MILNERS' PLATE-ROOM DOORS
MILNERS' BANKERS' DOORS
; MILNERS' PARTY-WALL DOORS
MILNERS' SAFES FOR BOOKS
MILNERS' SAFES FOR DEEDS
MILNERS' SAFES FOR JEWELLERY
MILNERS' SAFES FOR BANKERS
DRAWINGS and ESTIMATES FREE BY POST.
MILNERS' SAFE CO., Ltd., London, Liverpool & Manchester.
LONDON—28, FINSBURY PAVEMENT. E.C.
75 PER CENT. FUEL SAVED BY USING THE
WILSON PATENT COOKING RANGES AND STOVES.
GOLD MEDAL, CALCUTTA, 1883-4.
Great International Lisheries Exhibition, Silver Medal;
SILVER MEDAL, HEALTH EXHIBITION.
1 (ighestAwnrd.t»reatInternational InvcntionsExhibition
Received the Highest Award at the Sanitary Institute of
Great Britain, Dublin, 1884, for the Fourth Time,
Making the 14th time the "Wilson' Ranges have won
the Highest Award.
Are portable, cannot get out of order, will cure Smoky
Chimneys, are stronger, and have Larger Ovens and
Boilers than other Makers'. Compare with other
Price Lists. Boilers made of Copper.
From 37s. 6d. Upwards.
The Wilson Engineering Co.
LIMITED, Owing to enormous increase in business,
have REMOVED to more Extensive Premises,
run Largest Range Show Rooms in London,
227r, HIGH HOLBORN.
Illustrated price list tree by post. Inspection invited.
THE VIADUCT SHIRT
NEWEST SPECIALITY FOE
EVENING WEAR,
6 for 39/-
6 for 43/-
STUUIv OR TO MIC AS ERIC.
A, \Y. DAMAGE,
PRACTICAL SHIRT-MAKER,
127, 128, 129, HOLBORN, E.C.
'■"SKj-
LONDON AND NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY GUIDE ADVERTISEMENTS, 1888.
CHAMPAGNE.
REIMS.
Select Cuvee,
SEC, EXTRA SEC & BRUT.
Wholesale, to the Trade only—
J. E. HOLDEN,
Gl, Mark Ijane, London, E.G.
TO BE OBTAINED FROM ALL WINE MERCHANTS. &
— —
■ ■
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"A LUXURY FOR SHAVING:
ptKino" ailslf Ao rauefi to per Ao pat
attraction A aA a 6ricrBt of ear
Gompfe.xion, anc} a Aoff ^fCin. ©y/itft-
^ oaf tftenq tfte ftaf^Ac meAt ar>C moAt
reguPar feafure/ are 6uf coPeLPv im«
preAAive, aoftiPAf aoi tfttftem tfte pfair^eAf
6ecome attractive : a"ntt vet tftere 1/
e Ao eaAiP
Aecare
one o
rr|eanr ; put me feiuotic nave nci ^
tfte requiAife ftr^ocofec^ge of tfte manufacture
of 3oaF ^-° ^U-icLe. tftem to a proper Aefecflo^ j
Ao a prefi%/ 6og, a pretty coPour, or an^ j)
aareea'BPe perfume too frequently outcoeigftj Ǥ
tfte more important conAiSleraftoviz.:
(©ompoAiflon of tfte ^oap itAePf, aT^t) tft .fV i'!i
rqaiqv/ a goocj CsompPe^ion ApoiPeel cofiicft^l
ooouPcl €>e enfianeeil 6^y proper care. (fit
PEARS' SOAP sold everywhere
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3$xi> atodofutef^/ Pure; free ' ,
from e£ee<M of
anel from eKrfffieiaf (©ofouritm'' matter,
5?eficj^ffufhy perfumecj, ©ura6Pe> aT^t) ^af '<
C, en in (§\ooil Repute nearfv dOQ ^earr.
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specially recommended for Infants and \
M "ill Children because it i| perfectly pure, and doef |
•"■tfoF irritate thein delicate Senfitiue flgin, noF malge jj
» their little eyeS Smart. It lasts fo long that it if 1
I QOFtainly the CpjVpS'J a? ^ell ae the M&f
ii ^oilet Soap, It ma^eS Children feel comfortable,
', and hence happy after their bath, and by it# <J
ufe the natural SoftnefS and brightneff of their
Complexion! are improued and preferoed.
| The great Authority on the Skin, the Late
: * '• jSir Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S. f
a
President of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, f'
calls it a "BALM FOR THE SKIN," and strongly j
recommends its use for the complexion !
TABLETS 6d. & Is Each, j iNsr^o^H^mdlj
SOLD EVERYWHERE. ' +PhARb ♦
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