BIOGRAPHICAL and HISTORICAL SOUVENIR FOR THE COUNTIES OF Clark, Crawford, Harrison, Floyd, Jefferson, Jennings, Scott and Washington. INDIANA. ILLUSTRATED . Compiled and Published by John 2>j£. G-iresihiaim: Sz Oc3^i=-^3sr-2", CHICAGO, Chicago Printing Company, 1889. - PREFA CE. )K XTIL quite recently, but little attention has been given to the preservation of biography except in so far as it pertained to the preferred classes — persons who had been prom- i inent in governmental affairs, or distinguished in their profession or calling, or in some way made conspicuous before the public, requiring that more than usual should be known of the individual. Within the past decade, however, there has been a growing demand for the preservation of not only biography but for family genealogy, not altogether for its immediate worth, but for its future value and a laudable pride in its perpetuation for coming generations. The expediency of placing in book form biographical history and genealogy of the representative public is beyond question, and not many years shall have elapsed before the person who has not taken some steps to preserve his family record will be considered as not worth the effort. That the representative public are entitled to the privileges afforded by a work of this kind needs no assertion at our hands, for one of our greatest Americans has said that the history of any country resolves itself into the biographies of its stout, earnest, progressive and representa- tive citizens. This medium then serves more than a single purpose; while it preserves biography and family genealogy it records history that would not be preserved in any other way. This will. perhaps, be illustrated most strikingly by references in these sketches to the period of the war of the rebellion. Of the necessity of preserving family records in permanent form, one needs the experience of a collector of material for work of this character, for in a majority of cases nearly all trace of ancestry is lost back of the grandfather and grandmother — even in families where prominence and intelligence would seem to guarantee better things. In many other instances the material composing the sketches in this volume has been gathered from those immediately interested, and then submitted through the mails in type written form for correction and revision. The historical portion of the volume is all that was promised, and contains many of the most important events in the history of this, the earliest settled and most important section, in a historical sense, in the State. The mechanical part, of the book speaks for itself, the material and workmanship being all that was promised and of standard excellence. THE PUBLISHERS. Index to Sketches. PZXRT I. JENNINGS COUNTY. New, J. D Conkiing, Piersou. Dixon, Lincoln. . . . Kidd, John D PAOE. . 227 . 239 . 229 . 230 PAKE. Overmyer, John 230 k" Schultheiss, James 231 Smith, Green L 232 8GOTT Everitt, Wm. B 238 Everitt, ThomasH 239 Gladden, B. K 239 Green, Dr. W. E 240 Harrod, C. B * 241 Hazzard, H. S 241 Jones, Levi R 242 Manker, C. A 242 GOUNTY. Mathes, Z. C 243 Montgomery, R. W 244 Munden, A. T 245 Peeler, A. M 245 Rice, Wm 246 Warmuth, Dr. G. H 246 Watson, Dr. J. M 247 WASHINGTON GOUNTY. Washington County 251 County Officers 259 Elliott, Asa 269 Lawler, John C 2G9 Mcintosh, Andrew J 270 Menaugh, Eli W 271 Voyles, Samuel B 272 Polloch, Henry 273 Burges, John S 274 Devore, Henry H 275 Fetzer, Joseph 275 Miller, James 276 Alspaugh, David M 277 Collins, John A. B 277 Rudder, William 278 Paynter, Dr. C. L 279 Zaring, John A 279 Douglass, Judge B. P 280 Al vis, David 282 Jennings, D. A 283 Prow, F. L 284 Read, John f 285 Brown, Allen W 286 Sparks, Gen. Levi 287 May, Prof. James G 288 PRRT II. GLARK Anderson, Chas. C 1 Burke, James 2 Burtt, Henry A 2 Carr, Geo. W 5 Cook, David S 6 Coots, Edwin M 6 Crim, Jesse ». 7 GOUNTY. Dailey, Reuben 8 Dougherty, Daniel 9 Douglas, L. A 9 Dow, H. D 10 Ferguson, Judge Chas. P 11 Fouts, Dr. W. D 12 Fry,Jaco\>S , 13- INDEX. Gilbert, Dr. F. R. M 14 Graham, John A 14 Hawes, J.J 15 Holzbog, George 15 Howard, Jonas G 16 Ingram, Col. John N 17 Jacobs, Wm. S 18 Jenkins, John A 20 Lancaster, John N 20 Lauder, Robt. B 21 Lee, Wm 21 Lugenbeel, Prof. W. E 24 McCann, M. V 24 McCampbell, James H 28 Murphy, Dennis 30 Oglesby, Samuel D 33 Peaceley, Christopher 33 pioa. Peyton, Dr. D. C 34 Pfau, George 35 Ruehl, Charles 36 Ruddell, Dr. I. N 37 Schuler, Alfred O 37 Shelby, Wm. B 38 Smitha, A. W 38 Specht, Philip 39 Stealey, Eugene V 39 Swartz, Allen A 40 Taggart, Dr. S. C 40 Taggart, James E 42 Timmonds, John W 42 Watkins, Dr. E. M 43 White, John Sr 43 Zimmerman, Otto F 44 Zulauf , Jno. C 45 CRAWFORD COUNTY. Baylor, Dr. Geo. W 47 Benz, John 47 Bird, Dr. Wm. C 48 Bobbett, James 48 Bullington, Chas. A. A 49 Cole, Dr. Wm. A 49 Craig, Robt. M 50 Crecilius, Clark H 50 Dunn, Wm. R 51 Everdon, William 51 Funkhouser, Jacob 52 Funkhouser, James L 52 Funkhouser, Wm. H 52 Funkhouser, Albert W 52 Gibbs, Dr. John H 53 Green, Henry C 53 Hawn, Dr. E. R 54 Holcroft, Capt. E. P. E 54 Holland, Dr. Wm 55 Jenkins, David 55 Jenner, Wm. E 56 Laswell, James U 56 Lyon, Daniel 57 Martin, Hamilton 57 Ouerbacher, Peter M 58 Patton, Stephen C 58 Peckinpaugh, Maj. N. R 58 Peckinpaugh, Jno. I ... 59 Peckinpaugh, Abraham N 60 Richardson, Elijah E 60 Riddle, Col. Geo. W 61 Robertson, George W 61 Selser, Dr. Henry H 62 Sloan, George W 62 Stewart, Dr. Lewis B 63 Stewart, Arthur E 63 Temple, James L 64 Weathers, John H 64 FLOYD COUNTY. Ailer, Fred 65 Alexander, Dr. A. J 65 Anthony, Jacob 66 Applegate, James P 66 Atkins, Wm. R 66 Baker, Isaac M 67 Baker, Jno. F 67 Becht, Valentine 68 Belviy, Frank 68 Blanchard, D. D 69 Borden, Prof. W. W 69 Bragdon, Capt. Joshua 71 Brothers, James F 72 Brown, James 72 Brown, Prof. James 73 Burney, Dr. W. A 73 Clark, Maj. Thomas 74 Cline, Benj. F 77 Conner, Fred D 77 Crumbo, Edward 78 Curl, Peter N 78 Danz, Charles A 79 Davis, John Steele 79 Day, John S 80 Dinkle, John 81 Duncan, Norton B 81 Fisher, George W 82 Fite, Capt. Andrew 82 Frisbie, Sherman 83 Fuller, Capt. R. F 83 Gebhart, J. F . . . .' 84 Godfrey, Geo. H 85 INDEX. iii PAGE. Gwin, Josiah 86 Gwin, James M 86 Hammersmith, Louis 86 Hunger, Elder Martin V 87 Harrison, James G : 87 Hedden, David 88 Hegewald, Charles 89 Heimberger, Christopher 89 Helfrich, George, Sr 90 Henry, Edward G 90 Hessing, Jacob 91 Howk, Judge Geo. V 91 Hippie, Louis C 92 Humphreys, Capt . Thomas 93 Jenks, Reuben King 93 Jewett, Charles L 94 Johnson, Franklin C 94 Kepley, Philip M 95 Kistner, Fred C 96 Kraft, Frank A 96 Kraft, George 96 Legg, Henry 96 Lightner, Wni. G 97 Loesch, Jacob 97 Lyons, John J 98 McDonald, Moms, Sr 98 McKay, Wm. H 100 McKenna, Charles 1U0 McNeff, Samuel C 101 Mathews, Capt. Chas. W 101 Marsh, John S 101 Morris, Robert W 102 Murphy, William 102 Newhouse, George A 103 Newland, Dr. Elijah 104 Norton, Francis 105 Owens, Ollie 106 Packard, Gen. Jasper 106 Peake, James S 107 Penn, George F 107 Pierce, Levi L 108 Peters, Capt. Jonathan 108 Peters, Francis W 109 Reising, Paul 109 Richards, John J 109 Russell, John 110 Sackett, Charles no Schiudler, Charles W in Scott, Levi H ill Shields, Capt. James G 112 Stalcup, S. S 112 Starr, Jacob B H3 Stoy, Peter R U3 Strobel, George J 114 Summers, Shelby H4- Thomas, John H 115 Vernia, Louis 115 Walker, Ferd G 116 Watkeys, Henry 116 Weathers, John R 117 Weir, Merrill A 117 Weir, Samuel M 118 Wilson, James E 119 Wolf, George W 119 Wolf, Charles 120 Wunderlich, Frederick 121 HARRISON COUNTY. Allison, Allen 123 Anshutz, John 123 Arnold, John 123 Baelz, John M 1 124 Barger, John E 124 Bartley, Capt. Reuben 125 Bence, Socrates J 126 Bennett, Dr. Jas. H 127 Benson, Wm. M 127 Blunk, Levi 128 Boone, George 128 Boone, Capt. N. B 129 Borden, Philip •. 129 Brandenburg, Amos 130 Brandenburg, Joseph 130 Brinley, Geo. W 131 Clarke, Dr. J. C 132 Col viu, Luke H 132 Combs, Thos. W 133 Cooper, John N 133 Critchlow, J. E 134 Cromwell, J. F 134 Cromwell, Oliver 135 Crosier, Robert 135 Current, James 136 Curts, Jacob A 136 Daniel, Dr. Wm 137 Davis, R. F. Jr 137 Davis, S. B 138 Dobbins, Thad 138 Doll, Jacob 139 Douglas, E. B 139 Dyer, Wm 140 Elbert, Noah 140 Ellis, W. J 141 Farnsley , Capt. J. P 142 Ferree, Isaac 145 Fife, Andrew 146 Fleshman, A 146 Fouts, Dr. H. C 147 Frakes, Harvey 147 Fravel, J. A 147 iv INDEX. Frank, J. L : 148 Friedley, Col. G. W 148 Funk, M. W 150 Funk, Dr. Z. T 153 Funk, J. R 153 Funkhouser, W. E 154 Grable, E. A 15-1 Gresharu, Col. B. Q. A 154 Gwartney, Geo. K 155 Hays, Henry 156 Hickman, Dennis 156 Hickman, Philip 157 Hickman, Warlord 157 Hickman, Levi 157 Hildebrand, C. L 158 Hisey, Waldo 158 Homer, Dr. J. S „' 158 Jenkins, James 159 Kelley, Geo. R 16(1 Kerns, C. C. H , 1(50 Kerker, Barnett 161 Rron, J. M 161 Lang, James 162 LaRue, Ganes 162 Lawson, Samuel 163 Leffler, Isaac E 163 Lemay, J. D 163 Lemmel, D. F 164 Lemmon, D. F 164 Littell, Capt. J. W. H 165' Lowe, J.J 166 Long, James 166 Loweth, John 167 McRae, Capt. John 168 McRae, Samuel 171 McRae, J. A 172 McDaniel, Robt 172 Marshall, Capt. J. W 173 Mason, W. G 174 Martin, Sanf ord 174 Mauck, John J 175 Melton, Rev. John 175 Miles, Wm. J. Jr 176 Morgan, John W. 176 Noble, Gov. James 177 Patterson, Hugh A 177 Poor, Washington 178 Posey, Gov. Th 178 Reeder, Dr. Wm. H 17'J Reader, Dr. Wm 179 Redick, John 180 Robinson, George W 1 no Rogers, Wm. S 181 Sample, John 181 Sands, Isaac 182 Shaffer, David 183 Sherman, George K 183 SUigley, James W 184 Sibert, James I 184 Simler, John in. r > Simler, James S 185 Smith, Dr. Alvin E 186 Smith, Charles W 186 Sonner Capt. Wm l.si; Sonner, John P 187 Stallings, James W 187 Stephens, Wilford 168 Stepp, William H. 188 Stockslager, S. M 189 Tabler, James R 190 Thomas, Charles W 190 Thompson, George W 191 Tracewell, Wm. Neal 191 Trotter, James 192 Viers, John W 192 Walters, John Sr 192 Watkius, Wilford N 193 Williar, Charles H 193 Wolford, John L 194 Woodward, James . , 194 Wright, George R 195 Wright, Alonzo 195 Wright, Mrs. Rosanah H 196 Wright, Samuel J 196 Youtster, David W 196 Zenor, Hon. William T 197 Zenor, Hon. Peter M 2i>l Zimmerman, Elhanan W 202 JEFFRRSON COUNTY. Abbott, Capt. Jos. C 203 Allfrey, Charles W 203 Amsden, William M 204 Armstrong, Capt. John 205 Austin, Holly 206 Bader, Matthias 207 Baker, Samuel 207 Barber, George 208 Baxter, William 208 Bayless, James W 209 Bear, Perry E 210 Beueflel, Wm. II. H 210 Bolen, George R 211 Brashear, Joseph T 212 Brown, William P 212 Buchanan, E 213 Chambers, Ira 214 Chambers, James 214 Chapman, Richard 215 Cochran, James A 216 INDEX. Cochran, William 216 Comtoisky, Cyras 216 Conway, J. Randolph 217 Cordrey, William 218 Conway, J. Eodolphus 218 Coyle.E. S 219 090 * Craig, James oaj Crawford, John 22 ° Demaree, Wm. W 221 Dow, Thomas 221 Earhart, Isaac C 222 Gordon, John W 223 Francisco, Hiram Sr 223 Francisco, Hiram Jr ■ •■ 224 Francisco, Thomas J 224 Gale, Capt. Rufus 225 Gasaway, Nicholas 226 Gavitt, Marcus A 227 George, Charles H 227 Gillespie, Bruce 228 Giltner, Green B 229 Gorgas, Joseph R 229 Graston, George W i 230 Guergen, Rev. Louis 231 Hall, Alonzo J 231 Hammell, John F 232 Hinds, Wm. W 232 Jackson, Henry 234 Jines, Henry 234 Jones, Henry Clay 23,r > Johnson, William 836 Kampe, Edward 237 Landon, Francis M 237 Linck, John W 238 Lloyd, Zephaniah 240 Lochard, Joseph H 241 Loring, Charles V 242 Mathis, John 243 Mathews, Robert 244 Matthews, William 244 Matthews, William H 244 Mayfleld, Francis F 245 Mayfield, George T 245 Mayfleld, Burditt 246 McGee, James A 246 McGee, James 246 McKay, John F 247 McLeland, William E 24H Miles, Mrs. Martha 250 Moore, John G 250 Morton, Robert 251 Morton, John W 251 Muth, Louis 251 PAGE. Patton, Col. Jno. N 251 Penn, Dr. Benj. A 253 Phillips, Squire 254 Piles, John J 255 Pommerehn, John F 255 Rawlings, James V 256 Rector, Earl T 25G Reynolds, Dr. John H 257 Reynolds, Joseph T 257 Richert, John 258 Ritchie, John R 259 Roboins, Hiram F 2G0 Robbins, William 249 Roberts, Edward 261 Roberts, Dan. A 261 Robinson, Leander M 262 Robinson, James 262 Royce, John T 263 Ryker, JaredD 264 S&Usbury. John G, 269 Sappington, Otis B 269 - Scott, John W.. 270 Schoolcraft, F. M . tl\ Schwartz, George 272 Seepe, Rev. J. B. H 272 Sheets, Michael 273 Smith, James H 274 Smitha, Granville T 274 Smart, Christopher 275 Spann, Leonard D 276 Stevenson, Eld. Robt 277 Stevenson, Robert Jr 278 Sulzer, Marcus B 278 Swan, Robert H 279 Thomas, Jesse B 280 Tilton, Mark 280 Turner, Rev. James W 282 Wade, Patrick 282 Walch, William 284 Watlington, William 284 Whitham, Dillard C 285 VVhitham, George 286 Widerin, Rev. G. L. T 286 Williams, Benj. B 287 Williams, Remembrance J 288 Willoughby, Mrs. Matilda 289 Woods, James C 289 Wood, Robert H 290 Wright, Dr. C. H 292 Vawter, Milton S 297 Vanosdol, Capt. Argus D ' 298 Zuck, John A 299 Index to Illustrations. PAI1E. De Pauw, Wash. C parti. 84 The Corydon State Capitol " 128 Gresbam, Hon. Walter Q. " 143 Burtt, Henry A part n. 3 McCann, Michael V " 25 Murphy, Dennis " 31 Clark, Maj Tliomas " 75 FADE Farnsley , Capt . Joshua P part 11 . 143 Funk, Major Wetherford " 151 McRae, John " 169 Zenor, Hon . William T " 199 Ryker, Jared D " 265 Wright, Dr. C . H " 293 VI Clark County. ( By William Lee, Esq. ) TIIK bistoiy of Clark count} covers, to a large extent, the history of the early settlement of the southeast- ern part of the present State of Indiana. Clark couutj can claim the proud em- inence of occupying the second gene- ration of Indiana counties. Knox county, created by gubernatorial proc- lamation, before even Indiana terri- tory had l>een carved out of the great North West Territory, covered uearlj the whole of what now constitutes the States of Indiana and Illinois. (Mark county was the first to be cre- ated out of the territory included within the original boundaries of Knox, so that, at the time of its formation no county intervened between the original ('lark and Knox counties. Knox county wa> organized June 2,0, 1790 and was made to include all of the countrj between Hamilton and St. Clair counties from the Ohio river to the Lake-. Emigrants from some of the south- ern States had begun to settle along the Ohio river, and it was found nec- essary to form other divisions for the convenience of the people, and so on the 3rd day of Febniary, 1801 a new- county was formed, like that of its predecessor by gubernatorial proclam- ation, including within its boundaries as follows: Beginning on the Ohio at the mouth of Blue river, now the bound- ary line between Harrison and Craw- ford counties, up the said river to where the trail leadingfrom Vincennes to the Ohio Falls crosses said river; thence by a direct line to the nearest point on White river; thence up said river to the branch thereof which runs towards Fort Recovery, and from the head springs of said branch to Fort Recovery; thence along the boundary line between Indiana Territory and the North West Territory, south to the Ohio river; thence down said river to the place of beginning. It may be a little difficult at this day to trace the boundary lines as then given, but it can Ke.with tolerable ac- curacy, with a map of the State before one, traced and its lines approximately determined. The exaci place where the road leading from Vincennes to Clarksville, crossed Blue river, may not lie now known, but it was not far from the point where the New Albany & Vin- HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. mines Turnpike road now crosses it at or near the old town of Fredericks- burg in Washington county. This grand scope of territory, containing near one-fifth of the present State of Indiana, the whole of the southeast- ern portion of it, was named after that grand and hei'oic man, Gen. George Rogers Clark, to whom this country is mainly indebted for the possession of the great Northwest Territory. No other name could have been so fitly applied as that of Clark to a county which included, not only the town of Clarksville, the then home of General Clark, but included the grant of land made to Ins soldiers by the State of Virginia by act of January •2nd, 1781. . This grant of land, not to exceed one hundred and forty-nine thousand acres, to be apportioned to General George Rogers Clark and the officers and soldiers of his regiment who were at the reduction of the "Kaskaskias and St. Vincent," ( Kaskaskia and Vin- cennes) in 1 77s. The grant was to be located on the northwest side of the Ohio River at such place as a ma- jority of the officers entitled to the land bounty should choose. They selected their lands adjacent to the Ohio Falls, upon which almost the whole of Clark county within its present boundary is now situated. A small portion of this grant lies in the ad- joining counties of Floyd and Scott. It is difficult to trace the history of the early settlement in detail of Clark county. Apart from its military oc- cupancy very little settlement was made prior to the year LSOO, when the Indiana Territory was converted into a separate organization from that of the Northwest Territory and given a ter- ritorial government with Gen. W, II. Harrison its Governor. Reference lias already been made to the fact that the Legislature of the State of Vir- ginia, in consideration of the impor- tant military services which Gen. George Rogers ('lark had rendered that State, had donated to him and his brave soldiers a tract of land which was located on the northwest bank of the ( )hio river. In addition to the land bounty granted to Clark and his soldiers a thousand acres, lying along the Ohio Falls nearly opposite Louisville, was granted for the location of a town to be called Clarksville. The exact time of the settlement of Clarksville is a little uncertain, but from the best data that can be had it must have been about the year 1 7S'>. Notwithstand- ing General Clark made it his home, and Fort Clark was located here, around which man) a sensational scene was enacted, its growth was but slow, for it is alluded to in 1797 as a strag- gling village of only some twenty houses. The settlement of Clarksville ex- tended up the river to the head of the Falls, where the city of Jeffersonville now stands, where Fort Finney was built which was afterwards known as Fort Steuben. It was located on Lower Front street at the intersection HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. of Fort street, as designated on the map of the city of Jeffersonvdle, <>n tlie site where stood the "governor's house," many years after, within the recollection of our older citizens of the present generation. In those days emigration followed and hovered around the forts for mil- itary protection. Col. John Armstrong, 17!>7, while commandant at Fort Finney, in order to more effectually protect the settle- ments in Kentucky, 1>\ preventing the Indians from crossing the Ohio river at Grassy Flats and Twenty-One Mile Island bar, where, at low stages of the water, the river can lie forded, built a Mock house at the nioiith of Bull Creek, now in Owen Township, in Clark county, which in honor of its founder was named "Armstrong's Sta- tion." Around it a small settlement of em- igrants was located. But when the station was abandoned, which it was in ashort time, the settlement was also abandoned for the time. Col. Ann- strong returned to his old location in 1.81 1 at tlie station and continued to reside there until he died in L816. In 1800, at the time the new government of the Indiana Territory went into effect, its entire civilized population was .">,<><1 and Monroe township are rating at hut $3.00 or $4:00 per acre. But a new industry is springing up to which these lands on the Knobs are peculiarly adapted; that of the peach culture which is in a tew years destined to work a revolution in the comparative value of these bottom and uphilly lands. It was intended that this grant should he surveyed and laid off in the hun- dred acre tracts, hut such, from some cause, perhaps the greatest one of the causes, was the ignorance and ineffi- ciency of the surveyors selected to make the survey and plat the ground. But whatever the cause, quite a dif- ference in the number of acres was found in the different numbers of the survey. They were found to van from three hundred and seventy to seven hundred acres. This made it necessary, in making the original deeds to the grantees to make them for five hundred acres, more or less. • It will he seen by reference to a map of Clark county that, unlike the regu- lar United States survey of the public lands, the divisions are based upon lines running at right angles to the cardinal points of the compass, but the lines of the grant run northwest and southeast, and these lines are cut at right angles. Why these square five ' hundred acre tracts were made in this position is impossible to tell at tins time, unless it resulted from the fact that they aimed to make them in squares running perpendicular to the line of the ( >hio river where the survey commenc.ed. How many of these old soldier grantees settled upon their lands and converted the wild wilderness into cultivated homes it is impossible now to tell, as the original settlers upon these lands have long since passed away, leaving behind them nothing by which to know their names. The probability is, however, as these old Indian fighters under Gen. ("lark were men in middle life in 1777-8, that but few of them had held on to their land until Clark county was open for settle- ment and availed themselves <>f the opportunity, but had sold their lands long before that time. After the allotment of these lands, Louisville was the scat of justice and the records of the sale and transfer of these lands was kept there. Afterward, by an act of the Legisla- ture of the State of Virginia the records were transferred to old Clarks- ville, and continued there until Clark county was organized, when these records were transferred to its eountj seat. These old records and the trans- fers made in the way of inheritance and sale were badly kept and much trouble and litigation grew out of that fact. The Hrst important question t understand and appreciate all the mo- tives and influences that operated, at that day, in the determination of this important question. It would seem natural to us that, in consideration of the fact that Claries- ville was the home of the conqueror of the Northwest, General George Rogers Clark, and at that time the largest and must important town in the county, that the county seat would have been located there. But such was not the fact. From some cause, geographical considera- tions perhaps, convenience of access l>v a majority of its straggliug popula- tion mostly on or near the Ohio river, determined the site of local govern- ment for the new county. At any rate it was located at a small village, but then supposed to lie a ris- ing and prosperous place called Spring- ville, situated about four miles back from the Ohio river and some mile and a half south-west of Charlestown, w hich subsequently became the county seal where it remained for over a half century. This first county seat of Clark coun- ty has w holly disappeared. Not a vestige of it remains to tell the curious where it once stood. The site where it stood is now sim- ply an open country. Charlestown. with its vigorous and robust growth absorbed it and it soon passed away. But few of the present inhabitants of Clark know that any such town "ever existed. The history of this first county seat is brief. Early in L800 a settlement was made upon grant No. 115 and from some cause a town sprang up as the township began to lie settled. Near this village was a spring which furnish ('( I "'Ol id w ater for mestic purposes, and it is probable from this fact the village took the name of Springville. The place grew to souk- size, per- haps numbering in its most prosper- ous days one hundred inhabitants. Close by a still house was in active operation, several stores or trading post:-, came into existence which neces- sarily made it a great rendezvous for Indians. A short distance wesl of Springville lived Jonathan Jeunings, t he first Gov- ernor of the State of Indiana, who was also engaged in manufacturing whiskey. He also had a mill which he op- erated in connection with his distil- lery and for the neighborhood accom- modation. But all this prosperity was soon blighted. The title to the lands became in- volved in dispute. Law suits sprung up, trials were had, enemies were made which ended only in the ruin and abandonment of the town. All these transactions took place within eighl years. This settlement had been Pounded, had grown to lie the most important place in the ecu HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. tral part of the county, had been Pos- tered by being made the seat of gov- ernment for tlie comity and died a nat- ural death, all within eight years. There was no public court house at this time, nor was there any ever built at this place as far as can be discov- ered. The only court house at this time was simply a large room in one of the business buildings of the place, and was eminently lacking in the elegance of our modem temples of justice. But as short-lived as it was, the county seat was removed from it some years before it finally expired, and wastaken to the town of Jeffersonville. But here on this site where no hab- itation now stands, then the designated capital of the new county of Clark, assembled in solemn conclave on the 7th day of April, 1801, the first court of justice ever held in southern Indi- ana, east of Blue river, in and for the body of ('lark county in the Territory of Indiana. It was named the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace. It was composed, under the commission of Governor William Henry Harrison and the seal of Indiana Territory, of Justices Marston Green Clark, Abra- ham Huff, James Noble Wood, Thomas Downs, William Goodwin, John Gib- son, Charles Tuley and William Har- wood. These were all good and sub- stantial men and stood prominent in the early history of the county. It would afford an interesting chap- ter in the history of the pioneer .settlements of southern Indiana, to trace the subsequent life of sonic of these men. Samuel Gwathney, who had been appointed and commissioned the first clerk of the county, took his seat as clerk of this court. He was also appointed clerk of the Court of Common Pleas and the clerk of the Orphans < river. Washington and Oregon are in the northeast, Monroe ami Wood on the north and northwest; Carr and Silver Creek on the west, and Union in the center of the county. Jeffersonville township, including the city of Jef- fersonville and its suburban towns, contain- near one-half of all the popu- lation ami wealth of the county. The immediate surrounding coun- ties have all been formed out of the original territory included in Clark county at the time of its formation. Floyd was organized in L819, Wash- ington in 1814, Scott in L820 and Jefferson in L810. In the organization of Scott countj in L820, part of its territory was taken from Clark county, and this was the last act reducing it. Nor is it probable that it will ever again be further reduced. It now has an area of 367 square miles, somewhat below the number of square mile's, that of four hundred, which the constitution of the State prohibits a county to lie reduced. It is not likely that an amendment of the fundamental law of the State will be made for that purpose, or that a majority of the citizen- of the county, would, under any circum- stances ever consent to it. The peo- ple of Clark county are proud of it as it stands and will hold it with an iron grasp complete in all its present proportion-. As before -tated the county is now divided into twelve civil townships in such manner as supposed to be best adapted to the public convenience in voting at the annual elections, and the transaction of local township business and the maintenance of their public schools. It must not be inferred that these local sub-divisions of the county have always existed as they are now found. Mam changes and reconstructions have been made in these divisions since the organization of the county. As the population of the county in- creased, changes for their better accom- modation. in the transactions of their township business became necessary, and the old boundary line- were altered and sometimes new township- were created. It is Hot 1 llOUghl to be of -ullii'icllt importance to the general reader to HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. enter into an elaborate and detailed history of these changes until the present time. Some of the older townships have undergone many changes* since they were originally constructed, and new townships carved out of them. To give the history of all these changes would require considerable space, too much in a short sketch like this. Hut a brief reference to the organ- ization of the twelve townships into which the county now stands di- vided, is deemed necessary to complete the history of the county. Jefpeksonville Township. This is now, in mam respects, the most important township in the county. It includes within its limits the city of Jeffersonville, the old town of Clarksville, the town of Fort Fulton and that of Claysburg. Its wealth, as shown by the hooks in the county auditor's office and its population as shown by the census of 1880, make it nearly equal to that of all the remainder of the county. As now known, it was organized on the 10th February, is] 7. As then established, it included a much larger area of territory than now. Later in the same year, May 12th, however, the western boundaries of the township were changed by the formation of a new township west of Silver Creek which later on was made part of the new county of Floyd. And two years still later, on the 12th of May, 1819, the boundary line be- tween Jeffersonville and Charlestown townships was changed, making it begin at the mouth of Pleasant Run, then in a direct line to the upper cor- nel- of lot seventeen on the Ohio river, opposite the lower end of Dia- mond Island. In 1831 when I'tica township was established, the boundary line between the two became the permanent line between the two and remains so to tins time. Utica Township. This township, which lies joining to Jeffersonville township on its north- eastern boundary, was organized in 1831, and was taken principally from the territory of that and of Charles- town townships. It took its name from the village of the same name, located on the banks of the Ohio river, about eight miles north of the city of Jeffersonville. The township is bounded on the north by Charlestown township, mi the east by the Ohio river, which washes from eight to ten miles of its territory, on the south and southwest by Jeffer- sonville township, and on the west by Jeffersonville and Silver Creek town- ships. Upon an average it has the richest soil and is best adapted to agricultural pursuits of any township in the county. During the early settlement of the county, on account of the lowlands HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY alongthe river, there was a good deal of sickness, and especially ague and fever. But since the high state of cultiva- tion to which these bottom lands have been subjected, that lias all disap- peared and Utica is as healthy as any township in the county. From the fact of its rich soil it has become noted as a market garden locali- ty, supplying Louisville and the cities around the Falls with a large quantity of garden products. Indeed, agriculture, in all its varied departments, prospers in this rich township. Chakxesti ) WN Tow XS 1 1 1 1'. The next township up the river ad- joining Utica is that of Charlestown. It was organized in 1817, hut has undergone many changes in its boun- daries since then. Other townships were created around it as the convenience of the people required and it was made to contribute of its territory for that purpose until it was cut down to its present boundary. From the time (dark county was organized until IN 17, Charlestown, or the territory out of which Charles- town was formed, included the cen- tral and most promising portion of the grant. It was centrally located and afforded about equal facilities to the people of adjoining townships, in the transaction of their official busi- ness. But as time increased the popula- tion in other portions of the county, and distance was something of an item when it came to traveling some ten, twelve or fifteen miles to vote, changes were made to accommodate the pub- lic, in the organization of new town- ships out of the territory of the old ones. In this way, Charlestown township was reduced in size by the organiza- tion of Owen on the north in 1830, that of Utica on the south in 1831, that of Oregon on the northeast in 1852, and Union in 1858, which was the last reduction made. It is still a large and wealthy town- ship, being second only in wealth and population to that of Jeffersonville township. The general surface of the township is undulating. The soil is a limestone loam, mixed with sand and is gener- ally productive. While this is true in a general way, there is a good deal of thin land and it requires careful and intelligent management on the part of its own- ers to make it pay for the labor be- stowed upon it. The farms are gen- erally large and have the appearance of being the homes of thrift and cul- ture. The only town of any importance in the township is that of Charlestown. In connection with the county seat controversies during the history of the county, Charlestown has already been brought into prominence. As a town, historical reminiscences of pleasing interests cling aio.md it, 10 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. and at times played a highly impor- tant part in the history of Clark county. About the time of the death of the town of Springville, which had been boosted into undue importance by being made the first county seat of the new county, and died as sud- denly by its removal a year afterward, a new town was laid off a few miles from where its predecessor had lived and died. in 1808, the town of Charlestowil was laid off in the woods. Its god-fathers were Barzella Baker and a Mr. McCampbell, the father of Mr. Samuel McCampbell, the tan- ner known long afterwards, and the grandfather of James H. McCampbell, the banker, who recently died in the city of Jeffersonville. Surveyors were set to work plat- ting it into lots still covered with the tall forest trees. Charles Beggs and John Hay were the surveyors. Charles Beggs, who was afterward one of the men who took a prominent part in the free state convention, held at Springville October 10th, 1807', contributed his name, with which to christen the new-born town, and it was named Charlestown. Additions were made to the origi- nal plat, from time to time, until there were three hundred and ninety-nine lots, or about two hundred and forty acres of ground included within the .town incorporation. After it 1 >ecame the count)- seat, in 1811, in the manner detailed in the history of Jeffersonville by an act of the Legislative Assembly, (and what influences brought that about ought not to be hard to guess, remembering who was the god-father of the new town, and who was in the Legislature at the time,) Charlestown had a boom and soon became a growing and pros- perous town. The prestige of being the county seat where law and justice Avere dis- pensed for the large and growing county of Clark, soon attracted to it professional men, merchants and me- chanics of all trades. Charlestown was noted from its start for the intelligence and high moral character of its citizens. Some of the first and most distin- guished men in the State resided there Here resided such distinguished lawyers as Judge Charles Dewey, who served as Judge of the Supreme Court ; James Scott, a distinguished lawyer, a delegate to the convention that framed the State Constitution, and was afterwards one of the iirst Su- preme Judges of the State; Jonathan Jennings, delegate in Congress, dele- gate to the Constitutional Convention, and its president, and afterward the first Governor of the State ; Isaac Howk, the father of Judge George Y. Howk, of the Supreme Court, himself a distinguished lawyer, member of the Legislature several times and Speaker of the House; Judge James Ross, HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 11 presiding Judge of that Judicial Cir- cuit; Judge John II. Thompson, his successor in office; Benjamin Fergu- son, a distinguished lawyer and an associate Judge, the father of Judge Charles P. Ferguson, the presiding Justice of the Fourth Judicial Circuit ; and many more, all resided in Charles- town. These and many more, alike distin- guished in professional life, as doctors and ministers, professors and teachers, merchants and politicians have all jiassed away, but left their influence which they had stamped upon and gave character to Clark county as felt to-day. The first thing to be done after be- ing made the county seat was to build a court house, which was done by erecting a commodious brick building on the public square. This building, about thirty years afterward, was superseded by a new and larger brick building, which still stands in the public square and is now used, instead of a temple of justice, as a temple dedicated to the education of the rising generation. Charlestown is a town of some fif- teen hundred inhabitants, one of the most healthy and pleasant places to live in, in the State. In its moral and religious aspects, and in its educational facilities, it is all that can be desired as a home. Those who wish for a home where peace and quiet reigns supreme ; where morality and religion abound. let them go to Charlestown, and there they will find them. Owen Township. The next township, bordering on the Ohio river above that of Charles- town, is that of Owen. The exact date of its organization is a little uncertain. The records of the county court do not show the exact time of the order creating this township, but from the best data that can be had, it must have been within a year or two of 1830, and is supposed to have been named for John Owen, who was a commissioner of the county from 1824 to 1830. It is bounded on the east by the Ohio river and Bethlehem township, on the north by Oregon township, on the west by Charlestown township, and on the south and south- east by the Ohio river. It is, in point of wealth and popu- lation, one of the smallest townships in the county. Its population, according to the census of 1880 was only about 800, and its total valuation of property is placed at $300,000. Fart of the lands lying in Owen township belong to Clark's grant and part to the regular United States sur- ve>\ Sixteen of the five hundred acre tracts of the grant lie in Owen, cut- ting the township into halves and all the lands outside the grant are divided into sections of six hundred and fortj acres each. 12 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. The area of the township is a little over fourteen thousand acres of land. As a rule the soil is not rich and pro- ductive, and it requires the most care- ful treatment to make it pay a reason- able dividend to the farmers for the labor and expense bestowed upon it. While the people of the township are not rich and make no great pre- tensions to the elegancies of life, they stand in good repute and are esteemed as a community of good and worthy citizens. Bethlehem Township. The village of Bethlehem antedates the organization of the township and gives it its name. The town of Bethlehem was laid out in 1812, four years before the State was admitted into the Union. Bethlehem township was organized in the spring of 1816 ; one of the four townships organized by the County Commissioners that year. It lies wholly outside the grant lands and its land divisions belong to the regular United States Congres- sional surveys. The township, as it now stands upon the map of the county, is bounded on the north by Jefferson county ; on the east by the Ohio river; on the south and west by the Ohio river and Owen and Washington townships. It is both in point of population and territory one of the smallest townships in Clark county ; and yet in point of wealth according to the returns made for taxation purposes in 188(5, at the last land valuation, it exceeded Owen, Carr and Union. Bethlehem township has some re- markable climatic features peculiar to itself. It is said its climate is mild and equable. Heavy dews are almost unknown in the summer and frosts in the winter and even fogs are uncommon, and the people are unusually healthy. The soil in Bethlehem township is of a diversified character, 1 mt as a gen- eral thing it is good, well adapted to the cultivation of the staple produc- tions of the farm. Along the margins of its streams, where the beech, the white oak, buck- eye, poplar and black walnut grow in abundance, the soil is good and pro- duces well and well repays the husbandman for his toil. "These lands," says the geologist, "will ever remain productive, because they are continually being enriched by the disintegration of the rocks above." The soil is a dark loam, partaking of the shade of the limestones. It has but few streams running through it. Little Creek, a branch of Camp Creek, heads in the extreme north line of the township and runs in a south- westerly direction and empties into Camp Creek, which continues in the same direction, forming, for a short dis- tance, the boundary line between Beth- lehem and Owen townships before emptying into the Ohio river. The bottom lands along these little HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY 13 streams and along the Ohio river make rich farms. In the vicinity of the town of Beth- lehem lies a bottom of more than a thousand acres of rich land divided up into rich and cultivated farms, with well improved buildings and fences. This body of land is known as the "Bethlehem Bottom." The village of Bethlehem is the only town in the township. It was located on the Ohio river about thirty miles above Jeffersonville, in 1812. It is a place of some local impor- tance, noted as a steamboat landing place, and it ships to the markets above and below, the surplus produc- tions of the surrounding farmers. It is a pleasant village, with some two hundred and fifty inhabitants, with good church and school facilities. But with the few exceptions found in and around the village of Bethle- hem in the way of mechanics, mer- chants and professional men, the great body of the people of the townshipare engaged in farming, and, as a ride; the soil is well adapted to that pursuit. The fruit industry is one of grow- ing importance in various portions of Clark county and especially upon the Knobs and upon the Ohio Bluffs in Owen and Bethlehem townships. These knobs and bluffs have been found, by experiments, well adapted to the cultivation of the peach, and now the peaches grown in Clark county have taken the highest place in the fruit markets of the country. In connection with the cultivation and shipment of these delicious fruits, large canning and preserving works at Bethlehem have been established to care for ami utilize the surplus prod- uct. This year some 20,000 peach trees have been planted along the Ohio Bluffs above Bull Creek alone. The early settlement of Bethlehem township was made by a brave and venturesome race. Settlements were made as early as 1805. The Gittners, the Kellcys, the Hamiltons, the Sim- ingtons, the Abbotts, the Thislers, the Rodgers and Plaskets were the pio- neers of Bethlehem Township and converted the wilderness into s mili ng homes and cultivated fields. The pioneers of Bethlehem town- ship seemed not to fear the Indians and cared not to provide themselves l>\ artificial protection against danger from that source, or they felt them- selves able, open handed, to protect and defend themselves against savage aggression. At one time, however, they did re- sort to a preparation for defence. After the Pigeon Roost massacre they built a stockade on the high land overlooking the Ohio on the farm owned by Robert Simington. But they soon got over their scare and had no use for their stockade. Washington Township. This township, which was organized in 1816, lies in the extreme northeast part of the county. 14 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. It lias been subjected to several changes since its original construction, until it assumed its present' proportions and boundaries. As it now stands it is bounded on the north by Jefferson and Scott conn- ties; on the east by Bethlehem town- ship and Jefferson county ; on the south by Owen township and on the west by Oregon township. It covers an area of 22,690 acres of land, and its total valuation of lands in 1846 was $382,410. The topography of Washington township presents no new features to the general character of the land in that part of the county. The surface is slightly broken along the streams. Along the higher grounds, on the ridges from which the head waters < >f the creeks flow, the land is level, even sometimes to wetness. In the vicinity of the village of New Washington, the drainage of the country is excellent and the produc- tiveness of the soil increased accord- ingly. The land in this locality is well adapted to the cultivation of wheat and even excellent crops of com are raised. While there are no very rich men residing here, there are a number of well to do farmers scat- tered over the township, where refine- ment is found and elegant hospitality is dispensed. New Washington is a prosperous village of some 400 inhabitants, situ- ated in this township, where they have good schools and church services for the education and religious train- ing of their children. Oregon Township. Oregon township, up to 1852, was a part of Charlestown township. But in that year on the petition < 4' the inhabitants of the northern por- tion of that township, setting forth the hardship and inconvenience of those living at that extreme end of the township in having to come so far to vote and attend to their township business, presented to the board of county commissioners, praying for the organization of a new township out of that portion of Charlestown town- ship. Their request was granted and a new township was organized and named Oregon. Exactly why it was given the name of Oregon is not apparent from any known facts, unless perhaps, about that time Oregon Territory tilled a large space in the political history of the country, and those who had the christening of the new-born township had fallen in love with our far north- ern possession and named the town- ship accordingly. Oregon is wholly in the Illinois grant and is composed entirely of five hundred acre tracts, or what was so intended, by the surveyors that laid off these old soldiers' lands. It is five tracts wide and ten long, with the exception of three or four fractional or parts of tracts lying in HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 15 Scott county, making the township contain about 18,500 acres of land. It is bounded on the north by Scott county; on the east by Washington township; on the south by Charles- town and Owen townships, and on the west by Charlestown and Monroe townships. But little can be said in favor of the soil in this township. The lands are light, putty colored clay, wet during a great portion of the year and invariably cold and soggy. The surface of the greater portion of tlie township is level, and no part of it is so badly broken as to render it unfit for cultivation. Parts of the land are well adapted to clover, and elegant fruits are grown upon that part which lies nearest to the river. Even in many parts of the township the soil is adapted to blue grass. The only stream of any importance is that of Fourteen Mile Creek which, in a crooked manner meanders through the township from north to south and empties into the Ohio at the division line between Charlestown and Owen townships, fourteen miles from Louis- ville, which gives it its name. Nothing need be said about the character of its inhabitants, further than they are a hardy industrious community, and in religious and edu- cational matters are not behind their neighbors. The total valuation of all taxables of the township for L886 was $240,783. Monroe Township. This is the second largest township in the county. It contains over thirty- five thousand acres of land and is situ- ated in the extreme north part of the county. It is bounded on the north by Scott county; on the east by Oregon town- ship; on the south by Charlestown and Union townships; and on the west by Scott county and Wood township. It has not always been included in its present boundaries, nor even has it been known as Monroe township. It lias undergone many changes. It would be of but little interest to the general reader to follow all the changes that were made in recon- structing this township. It was first known as Collins town- ship and its present name was given it about the year 1826, as it is referred to in an order appointing fence view- ers for Monroe township under date of January 1st, 1827. The west line, between it and Wood township, was established as early as 1816, but not under the name of Monroe. As Monroe is a very larire town- ship, being about twelve miles long from east to west and six miles broad from north to south, it has a greatly diversified soil in point of fertility and of local \ alue. It reaches from the low bottom lands to the highest knobs in the count v. As we travel noitl the J. M. & I. R. K. we find up grade until we reach the northern limits of the conn- 10 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. ty, and here we come to the summit, the highest ground in the county. The knobs seem to terminate here and spread out in a sort of table land. On the east, the land is hilly and but poorly fit for anything but grazing. Around Henryville, the most im- portant village in the township, of about 400 inhabitants, situated on the J. M. & I. railroad nineteen miles from Jeffersonville the ground is roll- ing, but presents a pleasing view to the passenger. To the west the knobs rise to great height, and render the landscape mag- nificent and picturesque. These knobs range west and south- west through Monroe and Wood town- ships into Floyd county until they terminate at the Ohio river a short distance below the city of New Al- bany. It was thought, at one time, that these knobs were of but little use but for their timber. But they have been found well adapted to peach culture and the knob lands are being extensively utilized for that purpose, and will no doubt in time all be used for this purpose. Although scattering settlements were made in this township as early as 1806, the soil of a large portion of it being undesirable for agricultural purj toses, its settlement was very slow. Much of that portion of the county lying in the northwest part, now in Monroe township, was hardly known to the people along the Ohio river and in the older and more central portions of the county. The northern boundary of Clark county was uncertain. Scott county, which was largely taken from Clark county, was not organized until 1820, which left the north and northwest boundary of Mon- roe township in doubt and uncer- tainty. Even after the organization of Scott county it was thought that the scene of that noted event in the history of Indiana, the Pigeon Roost massacre, took place in a Clark count)' neigh- borhood. But when the county line was set- tled by actual survey, the neighbor- hood where the massacre took place was found to be in Scott county. The history of that massacre is most horrible in detail. Men, women and children, who had no thought of danger, were cut down, and their bodies were thrown into their cabins and burned with them. This occurred on the .' J >rd of Septem- ber, 1812, the year after the battle of Tippecanoe. The place where it occurred is known as the Pigeon Boost neighbor- hood, which derives its name from the fact that the wild pigeons had made it a roosting place for years. From the best information that can be obtained of the events of that mas- sacre the whole number that were killed were twenty-one; three men four women and fourteen children. "The first victims of this traffic af- HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 17 fair were a Mr. Paine and a Mr. Coif- man. These two persons were about three miles from the settlement and wholly unarmed. The Indians came upon them wholly by accident and murdered them upon tile spot. Coffman lived in Kentucky and was on a visit to Paine. They next found a Mrs. Collins, the w ife of young Henry Collins, who had been visiting a neighbor living near the present site of Vienna. She was killed while returning home. The family winch they fell upon next was that of Mr. Paine, whom they had already killed. It appears that they killed them in different di- rections from the house and then dragged their bodies, trailing the ground with their blood, and threw them into the house, which, after plundering, they set fire to and burned it to ashes. Nothing remained of the bodies but a mass of offensive matter. This attack was made in the even- ing, the sun being only about an hour and a half high. Richard Collins' family consisted of his wife and seven children, who were all brutally murdered. Their bodies were found in differ- ent places as they were cut down while attempting to make their es- cape. Mr. Collins was absent from home at the time. He belonged to a company of rang- ers and was then at Vincennes. At the same time they killed the family of John Morris, composed of his wife and three children. These two families lived but a short distance apart. Mr. Morris Avas also from his home. He had been drafted on the call of Governor Harrison for service on the Wabash and was at that time at Jef- fersonville. This horrid butchery of men, wom- en and innocent children fell like a thunder-bolt from a clear sky. It threw the whole country into such a feverish state of excitement, that for many years afterward the least sign of Indians would cause a general panic ami no doubt greatly retarded the early settlement of this part of the county. I'xiux Township. This is the youngest, the last born of all the sister townships of the county. The same reason that operated upon the public in the organization of the previously constructed township, op- erated in this; public convenience de- manded it. It was organized in 1858 and was taken from Monroe, Charles- town and Carr townships. It occupies the central portion of the county and lias an area of some thirteen thousand acres. It is bounded on the north mainly by Monroe town- ship; on the east by Charlestown township; on the south by Charles- 18 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. town and ( ';u t townships and on the wrest by Charlestowii and Carr town- sliips. It takes its name from the fact that it was made up of fragments taken from the three surrounding townships, Monroe, Charlestowii and Carr, and united into one. Silver Creek is its principal stream, flowing entirely through it from north t<> south, with its branches, Blue Lick, Caney Fork and Cane Run, of which Blue Lick is the largest. It runs through the northern part of Union township and takes its name from the blue slate which forms its bed. Caney Fork and Cane Run take their names from the canebrakes that once grew along their streams. In this township lies the great Silver Creek valley, which in early times was so celebrated as hunting ground of Indians, because of the fact of the shelter which its undergrowth afforded the wild game of that day as a hiding place, and there it was hunted for by the savage hunters. This Silver Creek valley was called by the settlers the Pea Vine Valley, because of the fact that pea vines lit- erally covered the face of the earth and afforded excellent pasture for their cattle. But with the advance of civilization and the attendant cultivation of the soil, the cane and the pea vine, with the \if(\ Men of the forest and the wild game, have all disappeared. South of Memphis, the principal vil- lage in Union township, the country is mostly level, but the soil is heavy and not of easy cultivation. For some reason even the bottom lands are not productive and require a great deal of care and nursing to make them yield paying crops. In the hilly portion of the township, lying east of Silver Creek, the soil is of the poorest quality. Rut a small portion of the township may be said to be at all productive, where hay, oats, wheat, corn, iye and potatoes can be raised to advantage. West of Memphis, along the Blue Lick branch, the soil is adapted to grass: considerable attention is given to stock raising and large dairies are in active operation. One characteristic of Union town- ship which gives it a strong recom- mendation is the purity and abundance of water. There is hardly a farm of any size in the township, upon which there is not a stream of running water sufficient for stock at all seasons of the year. Mineral water is found in abun- dance in the northwest portion of the township. Memphis, the principal village in the township, is located on the, I. M. & I. railroad, fifteen miles from Jeffer- sonville; has a population of about 500 inhabitants. Flour, lumber and staves are its principal shipments. Wood Township. Wood is oneof the oldest townships in the count v. HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 10 It was organized as early as 1807 at the time of its first settlement. It is located in the extreme north- west part of the county. In fact it is almost entirely isolated from the rest of the county, only connected with it on the east end of the parallelogram, being hounded <>n two sides, the' north and west, by Washington county; on the south by Floyd county, and on the west l>v Carr and Monroe townships. Although it was organized as early as 1807 it was not organized by com- plete metes and bounds until 1816. But many changes have been made in its boundary lines since then until its present bounds were established. The counties of Floyd and Scott have both been organized since then ; taken partly from Clark county, and the boundary lines be ween those two counties and that of Clark fixed the lines on three sides of Wood township and when Carr township was organ- ized in 1854, which was struck off almost entirely from the eastern side of Y\ ood, the eastern line of Wood was established. It took its name from an early set- tle]' by the name of George Wood, who, from the best information attain- able at this time, settled on the Muddy Fork of Silver Creek as early as 1807. He was a native of South Carolina, and emigrated north in 1802 and first located in Charlestown township, but as said before, removed to Muddy Fork and located there in 1807. The soil in this township is quite diversified, made up of all kinds of hills and valleys, poor hills and knobs, and fertile bottoms. The valley lying at the foot of the knobs, which were called "Silver Hills" by the early settlers is about eight miles long and from one to two miles \\ ide. Down this valley winds the Muddy Fork of Silver Creek, the shiftings of which have created a rich surface loam, enriched by the decaying leaves and other vegetable matter from the adja- cent hillsides and a deep subsoil of gravel. This soil is well suited to the growth of all the staple farm products and fruits of all kinds. Strawberries grow to great perfection here and their cul- ture has become quite an industry. Thousands of gallons are raised and shipped to distant markets every year. The Muddy Fork of Silver Creek and its tributaries, Dry Fork, Giles Branch, Morris Branch, and Kelly's Branch, is the principal stream in the township. Why the knobs were called "Silver Hills," or the stream which winds down its bottoms was called Silver Creek, will never be satisfactorily ex- plained. Another of the unaccountable things connected with the early naming of things in this settlement, as remarked by one of its oldest settlers, is "why this fork of Silver Creek, of all others, should have been designated as 'mud- 20 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. dy' when in fact its waters are clear and silvery and no stream can boast of purer and more sparkling waters." New Providence, the only village in the township, is situated on the line of the L. N. A. s. ( hit of its seventeen thousand acres, more than one-third are knobs, and al- most worthless, which can account satisfactorily for its sparse population and its poverty. It is claimed that iron ore of a g I quality is found in certain localities in this township. What may be its future possibilities is for the future to develop; but up to this time its de- posit of iron ore has not Been utilized in the manufacture of iron. The Muddy Fork of Silver Creek, which we found meandering its crooked way between the knobs in Wood township, we find entering Carr township on the west and passing HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 21 through it in nearly an easterly direc- tit hi, cutting the township nearly into two halves. From a half mile to three-quarters of a mile wide on both sides of the creel? are bottom lands. l>nt not as would naturally be supposed, very productive as farm land. Whatever it may have been when first opened to cultivation three-quar- ters of a century ago, it has become exhausted and its vigorous fertility impaired. But it won't do to say that fanning is a failure in Carr township, for such would not be true, for there are many prosperous ami well-to-do farmers in that township. There are a number of mineral springs in portions of Can township, whose waters are said to he, in certain diseases, of great medicinal value. The time may come when they will be utilized as sources of health more than they are now. The first greal necessity in the way of manufactures in these new settle- ments was a grist mill to grind their corn and wheat to give them bread, and mills sprang up as soon as settle- ments were made. Close upon the heels of grist mills came still houses for the manufacture of whiskey, not as a food necessity hut a- a necessity to convert their surplus corn into an article they could easily convert into money. .Muddy Fork afforded excellent water power for mills, and the emi- grants availed themselves of it. Wher- ever a mill was built a still house was apt lo he found close by. The very best men of that da\ thought it an honorable, legitimate business, and saint and sinner alike used it, as all then supposed, for the benefit of their health. in the early settlement of this county it was thought absolutely necessary, in order to preserve their health, that every member of the family should take a dram of whiskey before break- fast. And the bottle of whiskey ever stood upon the sideboard of all, with an open invitation to all comers to take a drink. Whiskey was a necessity at a log rolling, a house raising; and in the harvest field. It was thought impossible in those days that any man could work in the harvest field without the use of whiskey. What a change in public sentiment- since that day, and none more so than upon the question of the use of intox- icants as a preservative of health. CaiT township had its full share of mills and still houses at its early set- tlement. But distilleries in Clark county, as well as in Carr township, are things of the past. There is not a single distillery now in Clark county. The educational affairs of Can- township have been well managed and its schools are up to the highest stan- dard in the county. 22 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. The township is divided into six school districts for the convenience of the school children. There is nothing of any special im- portance connected with Carr town- ship to give it historical importance. Like the other portions of the coun- ty it lias gradually advanced in wealth and population; nothing phenomenal or out of the usual path of progress. One of its earliest settlers attained sufficient public importance to give the township historical fame. General John Carr, after whom the township was named, was one of the oldest pioneers in the township, having settled there with his father in 1806. He served his country in its military defence against the Indians at the age of eighteen. In the fall of 181 1 he joined, under Capt Biggs, the Tippecanoe expedition and was on Nov. 7th in that bloody tight with the Indians. He served all through the war of 1812 and was in several important engagements. Through all that war he proved himself to be a brave soldier and an able and efficient officer. After the close of the war he was honored by his fellow-citizens of Clark county, in choosing him to fill several civil offices of trust and profit. He was elected to the office of county recorder for several terms ; the office of clerk of the Clark Circuit Court two terms; he was a Jackson elector in 1824; he was one of the agents appointed to lay off the town of Indianapolis, and finally, in August, 1831, lie was elected a member of Congress and served in that high and honorable capacity, in all, eight years. His Congressional career was noted for industry, efficiency and usefulness. He died on the 20th of January, 1845. Of him it could be truly said that he was one of the noblest works of God, a truly honest man. The Louisville, New Albany & Chi- cago railway runs in a northwesterly direction going north through Can' township. It enters the township at the south- east ' corner, follows up the Muddy Fork valley and passes through the center of the township, nearly seven miles in it. Silvee Ceeek Township. From some cause or other, the rec- ords of the county do not give the exact date of the organization of Sil- ver Creek township. It was in existence as early as LSI 5, because at that date, the records of the county commissioner's court show that a petition of the citizens of Silver Creek township was presented, asking for the construction of a public road leading from the town of New Albany to Charlestown. But the Silver Creek township of today is nothing like the one of that early day. It originally embraced a greater portion of the western part of the countv. HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 23 It seems to have come into existence the dissolution of the orerani- iii 4 zations of Springville and Clarksville townships. These ancient townships were dropped from the records and others formed out of their original territory and they passed out of existence. It takes its name, no doubt, from Silver Creek, the largest stream in Clark county. How it came by its name is a matter of speculation. It will, no doubt, be remembered that, in the history of Wood township, reference was made to the tall cone- shaped knobs, at whose base the nour- ishing little town of New Providence is situated, known by the early settlers as "Silver Hills." The creek which runs along their base is the Muddy Folk of Silver Creek. The question for the historian to settle is, did the hills give name to the creek or via versa '. Silver Creek township has been sub- jected to the same influences in chang- ing, curtailing and modifying its boundaries; that of the law of con- venience and necessity of its inhabi- tants. As early as ISO.'!, in order to enable the people to attend their spring elec- tions at the time of the spring rise in Silver Creek, it was made the bound- ary line between two townships, and all the territory that lay west of the creel; was attached to Clarksville tow n- ship, now known as Floyd county. Silver Creek township, as it now exists on the map of the county, is bounded on the north by Can* and Charlestown townships ; on the east by Jeffersonville, Utica and Charles- town townships; on the south by Jef- fersonville township and Floyd county; on the west by Carr township and Floyd county. Silver Creek, like a silver cord, seems to wind around the township from its northeastern point to its southwestern. It is the smallest township in the county, containing only 9,789 acres or a little over fifteen square miles. Although it stands twelfth and last in size, it stands sixth in valuation of property assessed in 1886. Silver Creek township was noted in its early settlement for its immense growth of timber. Its first settlers described its timber as marvelous. The low bottom lands, as also the higher uplands were literally covered with oak, poplar, hickory and beech trees of immense growth. These forest trees furnished great sources of income to the early settlers, and gave employment to many hands and to the farmers during the winter season in cutting and hauling it to market. This timber w r as used for building, purposes in the cities of the Falls, and the finest of it for steamboat building, which was carried on there at that day to a large extent. One peculiarity about these timber lands was there was little if any un- 24 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. dergrowth, but instead of an under- growth of timber, these lands were completely covered with a rich growth of pea-vines, which was for the feed- ing of stock equal to the best clover fields. This nutritious vine was all that stock needed while it lasted. But by constant pasturage, in a few years the pea-vines were destroyed. Another peculiarity to the soil of that day was the indigenous growth of cane. From the most reliable accounts, at an early day the whole face of the country, from the Ohio river to the foot of the knobs, was covered with a thick growth of cane from fifteen to twenty feet high and grew so thick upon the ground that it was almost impenetrable. These canebrakes, with the wild game they sheltered and protected from the huntsman, have passed away before the advance of civilization. Where these heavy timbers, these pea-vines, these cane-brakes grew in the long ago, now are rich harvest fields, smiling orchards and the elegant homes of a rich and prosperous people. A great portion of all the lands in Silver Creek township are level. There are no hills of any impor- tance in it. The knobs do not enter the town- ship. It is too small to have much diver- sified soil or climate. The bottom lands of Silver Creek are not noted for their richness of soil and their productive qualities. As a general thing the soil is not rich. It is made up of a kind of cold loam, fertilized by washings down from the knobs. In the valley of Silver Creek fine crops of corn are raised. While fruit culture in other portions of the county has become a specialty, in Silver Creek township it is a failure. The soil is unadapted to it ami w hat does grow is of poor quality. There are a number of fine farms in Silver Creek township and a few farmers are said to be rich; made their wealth off their farms. Upon an average it can be truly said that the people in the township of Silver Creek are well-to-do, content- ed and happy. There is not much that is peculiar or striking in the early history of the settlement of this township to distin- guish it from that of the rest of the county. The first settlement made of which there is any authentic record was made in the latter part of the year 1799, by Elder Absalom Littell, of the Baptist chinch, on the west side of Si her Creek. But in ITilN, twelve months prior to the emigration of Elder Littell, a Protestant church had been organized, the first in the State, and a house of worship erected on the east bank of Silver Creek, near the Littell farm. It would be interesting to follow the history of this pioneer church HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 25 through all its changes down to the present time. But space forbids. Spencer Collins, a branch of the Collins family that Lad settled early in Monroe township, settled on the Muddy Fork of Silver Creek and built a mill as early as 1800 near where the village of Petersburg now stands. The facilities afforded as a motive power by Silver Creek and its Muddy Folk, invited to the early construction of mills upon them and the "Old Red- mond Mill," about the center of the township, and the old Montgomery mill about three-fourths of a mile above Petersburg, on Elk Run, were all built at an early day. The Welles settled on Camp Run as early as 1800. The manufacture of corn whiskey was an important industry at an early day, and many of the very best citi- zens of the township operated still houses. It was not only profitable to the manufacturer and afforded the neigh- 1 >< »ring farmers a good market for their surplus corn, but was held as honora- ble as any calling. How things change; or rather in what a different light the same thing is looked upon in this age, and three- quarters of a century agi >. Hamburg is the oldest village in the township. It is located at the termi- nus of the Jeff ersonville and Hamburg turnpike road, and on the line of the old Jefferaonville and Salem road, about eight miles north of Jeff erson- ville. It was laid off by its proprietors, Abram Littell and Thos. Cunningham, in 1837. It never did amount to much of a place. There is but very little business done in the place, and it is now se- verely stricken with universal decay. It is only a question of time, and a short time at that, when it will finally disappear from the list of towns on the map of the county. Petersburg, another little village of Silver Creek township, was laid out about 1854, by Lewis Bottorff. It was named in honor of Peter McKossky, a Russian, who lived near 1 >y < >n Muddy Folk. There are, perhaps, some seventv- five or a hundred inhabitants in the place, pretty much all engaged direct- ly or indirectly, in working for the Louisville Cement Company, whose mills are located there. It derives all its support from these mills. The health of the place is good. Work can always lie found at good wages, and none need to suffer for want, unless too lazy to work. Selleesbueg is the largest and mosl prosperous village in the township. It is a real alive, go-ahead village. It has grown more within the last year or so than any other town in the county. It is located on the J. M. A: I. rail- 26 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY road, about nine miles north of Jeffer- son ville. It was laid out in 1846 by Moses W. Sellers, after whom it took its name, and John Hill. It has a large flouring' mill Avhich is doing a big business. It has extensive cooper shops for supplying 1 >arrels for the cement man- ufactures in the neighborhood, which give employment to a large number of lal it irers and mechanics. It is up with the times in churches and schools anil has an industrious and prosperous population and has every indication or becoming a place of con- siderable commercial and manufactur- ing importance at no distant day. The hydraulic cement business is already one of great importance, and there is no limit to the extent to which it. may be carried, because there is no limit to the hydraulic limestone out of which it is manufactured in the neigh- borhood of Sellersburg. One would naturally suppose that the ordinance of 1787, forever for- bidding the existence of slavery or involuntary servitude in the North west Territory, would have settled that cpiestion at once and forever in that territory. But such was not the fact. The question of the introduction of slavery into the Indiana Territory was, from the time of its organization, earnestly favored by a strong party and urged with bitter vehemence, and caused strong opposition by those who had emigrated from the slave States for the purpose of getting away from that institution. Memorials were voted by the Terri- ritorial Council to Congress, praying for the repeal of the sixth article of the ordinance prohibiting slavery, maiuly supported by the representa- tives from Illinois and Knox counties. In 1805 a petition was before the Territorial Legislative Council asking Congress to permit the introduction of slavery into the Territory, purely upon benevolent grounds, in thus re- lieving the South of its surplus and consequently over burdened and mis- used slaves, and permitting them to come where they would receive more humane treatment and have better homes. But the petition was not passed, and in this instance, as in every effort of the kind, the representatives of Clark county voted against the proposition to introduce slavery. The terms of the representatives to the first Territorial Assembly being about to expire by limitation, an election for representatives for the second General Assembly was ordered and held on the first Monday in February, 1807. At this election James Beggs was elected in place of Davis Floyd who had represented the county in the previous Assembly. Mr. Floyd at this time was under a cloud. He was a Virginian and had served under George Rogers Clai.'c. He had settled in Clark's grant; was the first Ilecorder of Clark county HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 27 in 1801 and was appointed Sheriff in 1802. At the time of the election for rep- resentatives in 1 farming. He was a graduate of William and .Mary's College, and was a man of learn- ing and research. He was a strong anti-slavery man and he and his two brothers were, dur- ing this slavery controversy, the head and front of the anti-slaver}" party in Clark county. At this session of the Legislature, which met in August, 1807, the pro- slavery advocates seemed to have com- plete control of things. Both houses adopted memorials to Congress asking for the suspension of the sixth article of the ordinance by two-third majori- ties. This alarmed the Free Soil party of impending danger and the people of Clark county became aroused. A mass convention was called for October 10th of that year, at Spring- vide, the former count)- seat, to take action and denounce the Legislative resolutions. A large number attended. John Beggs, a brother of the repre- sentative, was made president and our old friend, Davis Floyd, acted as sec- retary. Great harmony of action prevailed, and a strong memorial to Congress was unanimously adopted, protesting against the action of the Legislative Assembly. And right here comes in a historical fact worthy to be remembered. It is generally understood that Gen- eral Cass, in his celebrated letter, orig- inated the idea of "popular sovereign- ty," sometimes designated as "squatter sovereignty." This position was taken for the set- tlement of the slavery question, in this State, in the Springville memorial, s«»me forty years before the Cass letter was written. Our Springville memorialists say. after stating the fact, that at best it was doubtful how the people of the territory then stood upon the slavery question: "We feel satisfied that, at all events, Congress will suspend any legislative act on this subject, until we shall, by the Constitution, be admitted into the Union, and have a right to adopt such a constitution, in this respect, as may comport with the wishes of a majority of the citizens." Notwithstanding Davis Floyd had been retired from politics for a season in consequence of his complicity in Burr's conspiracy, he was elected clerk of the House of Representatives for the session of 1807. 28 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. This caused a terrible hubbub among his pro-slavery enemies and they de- nounced him as a conspirator and asked for his dismissal as clerk. The House paid no attention to these demands, and on July 6, 1808, Governor Harrison revoked Davis Floyd's commission as major of the Clark county militia, and as a Falls pilot. So the slave party got their revenge. But little transpired at the next or third Legislative Assembly to change the relative position between the two contending parties upon the slavery question. The representatives from Clark county maintained the position of that county as hostile to that institution, and voted against it every time the question came up. John Paul and Thos. Downs repre- sented Clark county in the Assembly which met November 12th, 1810. James Beggs was the councilor from Clark in that Assembly, and was cho- sen its president. But the pro-slavery party received a hard blow about this time, in the election of Jonathan Jennings as dele- gate in Congress from the Indiana Territory, over Thomas Randolph, a Virginian and a strong pro-slavery man. It made a few spasmodic efforts of revival after that, but its prestige was gone, and the question was about set- tled. The repeals of the indenture law of 1807 and the enactment of a law to prevent kidnapping and the unlawful removing of negroes from the territory under severe penalties, put the finish- ing stroke to Indiana slavery. The vote in the Legislative Coun- cil, upon the last named act was a tie, and was decided by the casting vote of its president, who was James Beggs of Clark county. That was a proud feather in old Clark's cap. It is a. matter of pride and congrat- ulation to the people of Clark county, of the present day, that, in all that slavery controversy, and sometimes bitter as it Mas between Jennings and Randolph, Clark county never wav- ered in her position against slavery. Her representatives stood firm against all attempts in that direction. Two men ,of Clark county, James Beg^s and Jonathan Jennings, the one as president of the Legislative Coun- cil, in giving his casting vote for the repeal of the obnoxious indenture law; and the other as an anti-slavery candidate for delegate in Congress in which he defeated Thomas Randolph, a very able and strong pro- slavery man, did more than any other two men to make Indiana a free State. These two events, following fast upon the heels of each other, about destroyed the prestige of the slavery party, and rendered it harmless for the future. Some effort was made in the Con- stitutional Convention to engraft with- in it a provision to preserve pre-exist- HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 29 ing rights in slave property, but noth- ing further. Clark county was represented in that convention by Jonathan Jen- nings, who was made its president and afterwards the hist governor of the new State; James Scott, who was afterwards made one of the Judges of the Supreme Court, Thomas Carr, John K. Graham and James Lem- mon. The convention convened at the old capitol at Corydon, Harrison county, Juue 10th, 1816, and at the end of nineteen days' labor, having completed their work, adjourned. Thus a constitution for our State was made, in which Clark county had much to do, forever forbidding within its borders slavery. It was full and complete within itself, just as it came from the hands of the convention. It was not to be submitted to a vote of the people for appi oval ; it- was to stand as the convention had made it. CITY OF JEFFERSONVILLE. The history of Clark county would be incomplete without including with- in it the history of Jefferson ville. It is the commercial center of Clark county as well as its center of popu- lation. Clark county is a grand old county with its reminiscences of Indian con- flict and Jeffersonville crowns it in its completeness. The city of Jeffersonville is located on the north bank of the Ohio river at the head of the Falls, in the very gap through which the great stream of commerce between the North and South continuously flows. It is hand- somely laid oat with broad streets, crossing each other at right angles. Since its foundation which was laid in 1802, it has had a varied history. The present plan of Jeffersonville is nothing like the original, which was no\ el, not to say, eccentric. It is stated as a historical fact that the plan upon which it was originally laid out was devised by President Thomas Jefferson, from whom the place took its name. It was designed in squares or blocks, like a checker 1 >oard ; each alternate square was public ground, the streets passing diagonally through these public squares and crossing each other in the center. For a city whose inhabitants were wealthy and had no need, wish or desire for trade or business, this plan might suit, but not so to the kind of people who settled in Jeffersonville. They wanted streets for business and not for elegant leisure. The original plan did not long sur- vive. It was remodeled: the plan was re- constructed by authority of a legis- lative act in 1817, and the owners of lots were assigned other lots in the place of those that were held under the original plat as near identical as possible. The old city as hrst laid out <>c 30 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. cupied but a small part of what it now covers. The ground upon which it stands was owned by Isaac Bowman, a Vir- ginian, and was tract number one of the Clark Grant. He sold one hundred and fifty acres of his five hundred acre tract, on the lower part adjoining the thousand acre tract granted to Clarksville, and on the 23d day of June 1802, made a deed to Marston Green Clark, Wil- liam Goodwin, Richard Pile, Davis Floyd and Samuel Gvvathney, as trus- tees to lay off a town and sell lots, and apply the moneys realized by such sales to establishing ferries and in improving the facilities of the new town generally. Marston G. Clark, said to have been a distant relative of General George Rogers Clark, was a Virginian, and was one of the first judges of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Clark county. He removed to a farm on the waters of Blue river in the southern part of Washington county and resided there at the time the State was admitted into the Union. He afterward removed to Salem and kept a tavern. He represented Washington county in the State Legislature several times, and was appointed Indian Agent un- der General Jackson's administration, and died on his farm a mile from Salem toward the end of the thirties. The reader is familiar with the his- tory of the other members of this commission. Several additions have been made to the town of Jefferson ville since its original construction. Without entering into details, the whole of Grant tract number one, containing five hundred and forty acres, and sixty-one acres out of num- ber two are now included within the limits of the city of Jeffersonville. These additions were respectively made in 1836, 1839, 1841 and 1848. As has already been stated, the county seat was originally located at a village, now defunct, known then as Springville. It remained there but a short time, when in 1802, it was removed from that village to Jeffersonville, and on August 14, 1802, a special session of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace was held in Jeffersonville. The most important business tran- sacted at that session of the Court was the letting of a contract to William Goodwin to build a county jail. At its session January 5, 1803, a contract was awarded to William Akins to build a jailer's residence ad- joining the jail on the north. Jeffersonville remained the county seat of Clark county until 1811, when, by an act of the Legislature it was re- moved to the towu of Charlestown, then a village in the woods, where it remained, not always undisturbed in its security however, until 1878. Jeffersonville never was satisfied with the manner in which it was cov- ertly, as it was claimed, taken away from it. HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 31 There had been no question or con- troversy upon the county seat question in the election of representatives and they acted wholly upon their own per- sonal feelings and wishes in the mat- ter. The people of Jeffersonville abided their time to take back the county seat and get their revenge at the same time. In 1838 the county seat removal question was raised, and both sides to the question prepared for a pitched 1 »attle. A senator and two representatives to the Legislature were to be elected. The candidates were chosen on that issue. The anti-removal candidates put in nomination were for senator, Benjamin Ferguson, and for the lower house, Col. John S. Simonson and Thomas J. Henly. Those in favor of removal put for- ward were, for senator, William G. Armstrong; for representatives, Dr. Nathaniel Field and Major Henry Hurst. This was a noted contest in the po- litical history of Clark countj . They were all men of ability and of great personal popularity. The canvass was hot and the contest, as it always is on questions of county seat removals, was bitter. The removalists, the Jeffersonville party, elected their candidate-,. But the victory was barren of fruits ; the Legislature refusing to the people of Clark county their wishes ,.n that subject, and Charlestown still retained her hold upon the county seat. But the strength of the removal feeling had been tested and it showed that a majority of the people were in favor of it. They were defeated but not dis- couraged. After another lapse of forty years the fight was renewed. Oue generation had passed away and another had come upon the stage. The sons were as ready for the con- test as were their fathers before them. Jeffersonville township, including the city of Jeffersonville, now had nearly one-half of the whole popula- tion of Clark county. It was right, it was just, that the majority of the people should rule in such questions of public accommoda- tion, was contended by the people of the southwest end of the county. So about the first of January, 1876, the city _ council of Jeffersonville, headed by its then recently elected Mayor, Hon. Luther F. Warder, deter- mined to make another effort to regain the county seat. Everything was duly considered; every arrangement was deliberately made and the movement fully inaugur- ated under the general law regulating county seat rerrn ivals. The ground was donated for the site <>f the court house; thirty thou- sand dollars were voted and raised and deposited with the county Treasurer as a donation to the county to build a court house in case of a removal to 32 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. Jeft'ersonville, and canvassers were sent out to procure signatures to the removal petitions. The people of Charlestown met the movement at the threshold. They fought it with vigor and de- termination. The people in the upper end of the county joined them in the fight. The contest ran into bitter, per- sonal hostility between the two sec- tions of the county. Animosities were engendered that perhaps, never will be healed. Political affinities were destroyed and the removal question dominated every other and all other questions of public interest. The board of county commissioners met at the Charlestown court house on the first Monday in March, 1876. The petitions for removal, containing a clear majority of all the voters in the county, were presented. Every effort Avas made .to .defeat them. It was charged that a large portion of the signatures were fictitious. The anti-removalists Avere met at every point. The case was pressed through the Commissioner's Court. They appealed to the Circuit Court. A c ange of venue Avas taken to Floyd county. '1 hen a special Judge was agreed upon and Judge Perkins, of Indianap- olis, Avas sent to try the case. x\t length the anti-removalists had reached the end and Avere compelled to submit to the ineA'itable. On the - - of October, 1878, the county records Avere removed to the court house which had already been built in Jeft'ersonville, and it again after a lapse of sixty-seven years be- came re-established as the county seat of Clark county. It is not probable that the disturb- ing question of county seat removal will ever again, or at least not during the present generation, agitate and divide the people of Clark county. An important event in the early history of Jeft'ersonville was the pro- ject inaugurated in 1818 to build a canal around the Ohio Falls on the Indiana side of the m r er. The means Avere to be furnished by a lottery and the plan was to make the Avaters of Cane Run do the Avork by digging a ditch and starting them along it, and they would wash out the dirt and open a channel sufficiently Avide and deep for a canal. The ditch was dug and the waters of Cane Run forced into it by a dam, but they would not Avash worth a cent and the project fell through, and no canal on the Jeft'ersonville side of the river is yet built. During the Avar, on account of the pe- culiar 1( tcation and the facilities which it afforded for transportation as a dis- tributing depot of military supplies, Jeft'ersonville Avas made a depot of military and quarter-master's supplies. After the close of the war, it still continued as such; and millions of dol- HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. 33 lars worth of supplies were kept in some temporary buildings near How- ard's ship yard. Id the meantime, the question of a permanent location of a quarter-mas- ter's depot of supplies in the city of Jeffersonville was discussed between the city officials and the Quarter-mas- ter General at Washington. The outcome of it was that in January, 1870, under the administra- tion of General Levi Sparks as Mayor of the city of Jeffersonville, the city purchased the ground at a cost of $11,00!) and donated it to the United States for the purpose of erecting a permanent depot. The building was completed in 1*74, where millions of dollars worth of government supplies are stored for general distribution ail over the United States, and where thousands of dollars worth of army clothing are manufactured by the sewing women of Jeffersonville and New Albany every year. The growth of Jeffersonville has been slow but gradual and substantial. Every year has added something to its population and to its wealth. Public improvements have kept even pace with its growth. It has one of the best improved wharves of any city upon the Ohio river, and has more miles of paved streets than any other city of its size in the State. It has recently completed a system of water works which will add greatly to the comfort, cleanliness and sanita- tion of our people and will ffford complete fire protection to every householder in the city. The population of Jeffersonville is now estimated at 13,000 and is grow- ing every day. Many new residences have been built during the last year, some of them very elegant and would do honor to any city. Its streets are well built up with substantial build- ings and present something worthy of notice in the way of ornamental archi- tecture. Many neat cottages which give comfortable homes to its laborers and mechanics, beautify its streets and give the city a picturesque and rural appearance. The city of Jeffersonville is well located for a manufacturing 1 center, and large interests are now in active operation. Our chief manufactures are railway cars, steamboats and machinery of various kinds. The Ohio Falls Carworks are the second largest establishment of the kind in the United States and have a capacity of working two thousand men per day. These works are most complete in all their details, and give almost constant employment to from 1,500 to 2,000 hands daily. The ship yard here stands pre-emi- nent with all river men, and more . boats are built here than at any other point upon the Ohio or any other river between Pittsburg and New Orlean-, and they rank among the finest aud best steamers that navigate the west- ern waters. Steamboat building has been a 34 HISTORY OF CLARK COUNTY. prominent business in Jefferson ville from its earliest history. The high river bank, the deep water aud the immense forests of the very best timber in the country near by, all afforded facilities for boat building that made it profitable to the builders. Besides these are large flouring mills, huge manufacturing interests connected with the State Prison South, which is located here ; two foundries doing a large business, especially that of Sweeney & Bros, extensive coopering establishment. The manufacture of hydraulic ce- ment, in the vicinity of Jeffersonville, has become a business of great mag- nitude. There are five companies in active operation, with an aggregate capacity of 120 car-loads, or 8,000 to 10,000 barrels per day. These mills afford employment for over 2,500 men per day, employed in the quarries in get- ting out the stone and transporting it to the mills, manufacturing and hand- ling, in delivering it to the railroads for shipment. The supply of the material is practically inexhaustible. As a location for manufacturing plants, Jeffersonville could not well be improved. The facilities for trans- portation of the raw materialto or the finished article from. here, cannot be surpassed anywhere. With steam- boat transportation on the Ohio river, which lasts the year around, we have railroad transportation in every di- rection, railroads radiating from Jeffer- sonville on the north bank and from Louisville on the south bank of the beautiful Ohio, like the spokes of a wagon wheel from its hub. With such facilities for transportation it will readily be inferred that raw material for manufactures, whether of wood or iron or textiles, can be had as cheap here as at any other point in the West or Southwest, and this is the great de- sideratum in manufacturing centers. Beside the excellent facilities now afforded the citizens for crossing over to Louisville every fifteen minutes by the elegant steamers of the Louisville and Jeffersonville Ferry Company, they will in all probability, at an early day, have abridge spanning the river from Jeffersonville to Louisville with street cars running every few minutes between the two cities. These are some of the promises which Jeffersonville holds out to those seek- ing a location for business investments. They at least are worth considering by all who are seeking locations. But as it has been wisely said that man shall not live by bread alone, and men, in seeking a location for business, also seek for a home, where the highest and purest social relations can be established, with religious influences around them and where the best edu- cational facilities for their children can be had. All these can be had in Jeffersonville. Beside their churches of all denominations, the people boast and with good reason they think, that they have a good system of schools,, exceeded by no others in the State. Crawford County. (By J> t o. H. Weathers.) CRAWFORD County is oue of the smallest counties in the sisterhood. Its people have never been very great, "have never risen high to fall," but they have been proverbially loyal and brave. From her borders have gone forth statesmen pure and polished, soldiers heroic and brave. In the last twelve months she has been given an unenviable notoriety by the exag- gerated newspaper reports of what is known as "White Caps.' 1 True, as all counties have, she had some law- less men who through their unusual departure from the ordinary path of crime attracted some attention. But let us here remark that it was only the very few who even knew of the or- ganization, the vast majority condemn- ed the course in the severest terms, and glad they are that the last gad has been laid aside and that the of- fended law is dealing with the out- laws as they deserve. "White Cap- pery" is dead in Crawford county and may her fair name never again lie Smirched by anything so damning. Crawford county lies on the Ohio river nearly midway from east to west where the "La Belle Riviere" makes that grand sweeping circle called Horse Shoe Bend. It has a river border of twenty-four miles; Harrison county on the east, Washington and Orange counties on the north, Dubois and Perry counties on the west. Bis; Blue river forms the eastern boundary except for a short distance. The Gen- eral Assembly on Feb. 10th, 1831, es- tablished the permanent boundary of the county as follows : "That all the district of country included within the following boundaries shall form and constitute the county of Crawford, to-wit: Beginning on the Ohio river at the mouth of Big Blue river, thence up the same with the meanders there- of until it strikes the line dividing sections twenty-six and twenty-seven, in the township three south and range two east, thence north with said sec- tional line until it strikes Big Blue river, with the meanders thereof until it strikes the line of Harrison and Washington counties: thence west with said line to the corner of Wash- ington county ; thence south to the easl and west sectional line dividing sections twenty-nine and thirty-two in township one south of range two east: 3G HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. thence west with said sectional line to the line dividing range two and three west ; thence south with said range line nine miles to an east and west line, four miles north of the line divid- ing townships three and four south ; thence east six miles ; thence south four miles ; thence east six miles l to the meridian line ; thence south "with the meridian line to the Ohio river ; thence up the same with the meanders thereof to the mouth or Big Blue river, the place of beginning." The superficial area of the county is three hundred and four square miles, com- prising one hundred and ninety-four thousand five hundred and sixty acres. Population in 1860 was eight thou- sand two hundred and twenty-six ; in 1S70, nine thousand eight hundred and fifty-one ; in 1880, twelve thou- sand three hundred and fifty-six ; in 1881) (estimated) fifteen thousand one hundred and uinety. The surface of the county is broken and hilly. The soil in the river and creek bottoms is very fertile, while that on the hills is thinner, more adapted to pasturage and raising of fruit. The eastern half of the county is situated in the limestone belt with red clay subsoil, making excellent wheat laud. Crawford county was originally one of the best timbered counties in the State. Heavy forests of walnut, poplar, ash, hickory, oak and beech stm id thick upon the ground. Nearly all of the walnut and poplar has been manufactured, but the oak timber is still plentiful and is a source of con- siderable revenue to the people. There are still many fine groves of sugar and maple trees from which large quan- tities of maple sugar are manufactured. The bluffs of the Ohio river are gener- ally steep or precipitous, rising three hundred to five hundred feet above the bottom lands. The rocky expos- ures in this county belong to the car- boniferous age and comprise the lower or conglomerate member of the coal measures and the Chester and St. Louis groups of the sub-carboniferous period. Borings and deep wells cut through the Keokuk and Knobstone groups and have pierced the black slate or upper member of the Devon- ian formation. The recent ffeolosv shows the energetic erosive denuding agencies at work since the surface was first elevated as a great, nearly level plain, above the surface of the Paleo- zoic sea. A little north of the center and especially in the vicinity and east of Mount Prospect, and thence in the * direction of Pilot Knob theKaskaskia is the only limestone present; the other limerocks and the massive ledges of sandstone are replaced with soft mud shales. The sandstone division is well developed in the outcrop on the river bluff west of Leavenworth at Indian Hollow. Many of the strata are heavy bedded or massive. It is an excellent building stone and fresh from the quarry it works soft, hardens on exposure and may by skilful Avork- men be broken or split in cubes or blocks of any shape and any desired HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 37 size. It is superior grit stone and should be utilized. A short distance north of the vil- lage of Mifflin is a boldly escarped outcrop of conglomerate sandstone projecting far enough to form a wide rock house cave which from the ashes, flint and stone implements found within has been used as a shelter by Indians. This Rock House is three hundred feet long and averages fifteen feet deep. The Indians' use of this house is indicated by the great num- ber of Hint chips, broken knives, scra- pers, etc. Pilot Knob, which is situ- ated northeast of the center of the county, was an island in the ancient lake, in the bed or on the side of which the Loess was deposited. The animal and vegetable remains found upon it indicate a tropical tempera- ture. The Knob from its isolated and elevated position affords a highly in- teresting view from its summit. The Muldraugh hills of Kentucky are seen like cones piercing the sky twenty- eight miles distant. There are out- croppings of coal at Wickliffe, Eng- lish, Magnolia and other places, with seams from four to ten inches thick. It is not found in sufficient quantities to pay for working it. There are tine indications of lead in the county. West of Alton about one mile there are large deposits of lead. It is told by the early settlers that the Indians visited this region for years after they were driven west, for the purpose of procuring lead. R. H. Willett and Jno. II. Weathers, the present pro- prietors of the land, will in a short time have the vein opened and proceed to work it, if found in paying quantities. Evidences of silver have been found in the county, and in 1888 a large number of mining leases were taken by . companies for the purpose of smelt- ing silver ore. Chemists of national reputation have assayed specimens sent from this county with the most favorable results. Lime is made from the native limestone in abundance. Vast numbers of kilns are burned each year. All kinds of kilns of an- cient and modern pattern are found in the county. Crawford county lies in the natural gas belt of Indiana, (las indications are found in many places. Wells have been bored in various sections for salt and petroleum, and during the boring of each, gas in small quantities has been found. At Benham's salt well it was struck a distance of one hundred and thirty-five feet. A vast number of farms have been leased to natural Lias companies. Among those inter- ested in these ventures are J. B. Speed, Esq., of Louisville, Ky., and Win. Everdon, a prominent merchant of Leavenworth. Salt was formerly made at the Ott and Benham wells. The brine was rich, producing twenty bar- rels of salt per day, and the salt was pure, but not in sufficient quantity to defray expense of manufacturing. Boring to a greater depth will not in- crease the quantity of brine, but prob- ably reduce the strength by dilution and decomposition. Petroleum has 38 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. been found on the surface at springs, and seeps in small quantities at more than twenty localities. During the oil excitement from 1864 to 1868 ten wells were bored in this county, and almost every one yielded "a show of oil," but in no case could a yield of more than a pint a day from either well be obtained. The county is drained by the Ohio river, together with its two principal tributaries in this section, viz : Big- Blue river aud Little Blue river. Bis Blue river forms almost the entire eastern boundary and drains that part of the county. Its principal tributa- ries are Whiskey Run, Dry Bun and Slick Run. Its main tributary is Whiskey Run which rises in the west- ern .part of Liberty township, flows almost directly east past Marengo* where it is joined by Brandywine and a few miles further on by Cider Fork and thence into Big Blue about one mile north of Milltown. Little Blue river drains the larger part of the county running entirely through the county from north to south. Its prin- cipal feeders are Otter Fork, West Fork, Camp Fork, Stinking Fork, Clear Creek, Turkey Fork and Mill Creek. The Patoka and Anderson rivers have their rise iu the north-south ridge of conglomerate table lands, with drainage to the west and empty their waters into the Wabash and Ohio rivers. Each of these streams have their beds in narrow canon like valleys with steep precipitous bluffs from one hundred to four hundred feet. The water supply is largely in excess of local necessities and many valuable sites are unoccupied, and those on Big Blue river are worthy of examination by millers aud manufacturers. The river is fed by cave springs, hence the summer stream is reliable and the pure water is admirably adapted to the manufacture of white paper aud chemical products. The river and creek bottoms are very fertile but the hillsides and uplands suffer much from washing especially by spring freshets. These streams are all full of fish aud those who delight in "casting the line" for the game fish, find sport along their banks. Pike, perch, bass, eat, salmon and sun-fish are among the more numerous classes. In one thing at least, Crawford county excels all her sisters in the State, and that is in the number, size and beauty of her underground cham- bers. Rough, rugged and jagged upon her surface, it seems that nature has doubly repaid her in the grandeur of her caves. Under almost the entire county there are numberless caverns of unrivalled extent and beauty. The eastern part of the county lies in the sub-carboniferous limestone belt, which belt extends across the Ohio river and down through Kentucky, and it is in this same belt we find the celebrated Mammoth Cave of that State. A short description of the more noted, will not we trust be amiss. In the northern part of the county about one mile from Marengo, is a HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 39 small cave that lias only been explored a short distance. It is called Indian's cave. In it have been found anuml >er of skeletons of Indians or Mound Builders. On account of some pecu- liarity of ilif atmosphere the bones do not seem to have decayed They appear to have been coated over with something like the balm of the ancient Egyptians which defies the destroying hand of Time. No doubt in this cave, situated upon a high hill, might have been a burying place of some of the tribes of the aborigines. This cave is locally noted on account of a tradition. It is said that about fifty years ago an old Indian returned to the neighbor- 1 d of this cave and after making some search for marks upon trees and stones, took from them the direction to this cave. What he did there tra- dition sayeth not, lint he informed some men who liyed near and who were kind to him that there was a large amount of treasure secreted near this cave and that they should be guided to it by certain rocks, notable among which was a triangular shaped rock in which he said was cut a cres- cent. After he had none, considerable search was made and strange to say the stone with the crescent cut into it was found, but the other links of the direction have been lost and the treasure is still undiscovered. Miller's Cave lies about two and one-half miles from Milltown. It is in the side of a high bluff overhanging Whiskey Run Creek. It has never been explored to any great extent. It has some large rooms and pretty formations. The cave is the home of a number of red foxes that infest that neighborhood and to which they fly for refuge when pursued. Salt-petre Cave is situated about half a mile from the celebrated Wyandotte Cave, and takes its name from the fact that in the early times salt-petre was manufactured by the settlers. One of the lixiviating troughs is stiil to be seen in the cave. It has one room which is of gigantic size and reaches upward into an immense "steplike " dome. But the cave that is most wonderful, the one that rivals the Mammoth in the size of its rooms, that excels the Grotto of Antipharos in the beauty of its scenery ; that is entitled to take its place among Fin- galls and the other celebrated caverns of the earth, is Wyandotte. This cave takes its name from the tribe of In- dians that formerly roamed through the surrounding forests or crouched in stealth along the quiet valleys. In the chambers of this beautiful under- ground palace were held the wild dances of war and through its halls resounded the fierce eloquence of "Big Foot' 1 inciting his people to valor. The Wyandottes are gone, but they have given their name to this cave that will be yet in the youth of its discovery when their last bow-string is snapped. No written description can convey an adequate idea of the grandeur, o-loom, and beauty of the cave. The visitor wanders on mile after mile through superb passages 40 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. quarried out of solid rock by the mighty forces of nature into magnifi- cent chambers, whose lofty ceilings are veiled in darkness; along rocky walls whose rugged faces are wrought by the subtle chemistry of nature into forms of rarest beaut)'. One knows not which to admire must, the delicate tracery of snowy gypsum upon the walls, or the mighty power that has cleft asunder great hills of solid rock and lightly tossed the huge fragments into fantastic heaps. Whoever visits the Wyandotte Cave let him go rever- ently, for the Master's hand has been at work there. Wyandotte is said to be far richer in stalactite ornamen- tations than any other. The stalactites are of the fine grained translucent kind often called alabaster which much re- sembles the Mexican onyx. For un- told ages the Anger of Time has been at work to form its glories and beauties. Wyandotte Cave is situated half a mile from Big Blue river, eight miles from Milltown and five miles from Leaven- worth. The entrance is almost at the summit of a high hill one hundred and fifty feet above the bed of Blue river. It is two hundred and seventy feet above low water mark of the Ohio river and five hundred and seventy three feet above the level < if the ocean. From the top of the ridge to the river we have the following section. Cov- ered slope, 20 ft. Buff sandstone with stems of fossil plants, SO ft. Arch- imides limestone, 5 ft. Shale and brown limestone, 35 ft. Gray lime- stone, 20 ft. Limestone fine grained oolitic 50 ft. Gray cherty, 230 ft. Bed of Blue river, 230 ft. The geological position of the Wy- andotte Cave is precisely similar to that of the Mammoth Cave in Ken- tucky. It is in the same sub-carbon- iferous strata which is so favorable to the formation of caverns, sink holes and basin-shaped pits. It lies above the valleys and in its course conforms to the general direction of the ridges, that is, north-east and south-west. The length of the Cave including all the avenues is twenty-three miles, and is divided into the New and Old Cave. It was formerly known as the old Indiana Salt-petre Cave. One Dr. Adams, first pre-empted the land and during the war with England, 1812 to 1815, he manufactured salt- petre, after which time he relin- quished his claim. One of the old salt-petre kettles is yet on the farm, a curious relic of the metallurgic art of a century ago. Up to 1850 the cave was not much visited, and in fact it w T as the subject of legislative enactment, as we find that the Legis- lature enacted a law in 1843 compel- ling the owner to fence up the en- trance and prevent cattle from lick- ing the epsom salts. But in that year some gentlemen discovered a small opening at the end of "Bandit's Hall" which when enlarged led through "Fat Man's Misery" to the extensive New Cave. This aperture might have been passed for a thousand 3 r ears and not have been noticed. The discoverers were surprised to HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 41 find that this part of the cave had been occupied, including the spacious areas of "Bat's Hall," "Sandy Plain," and Rothrock Cathedral. Hundreds of poles, six to twelve feet long and from one to two and a half inches in diameter, were found scattered in all parts, probably used for carrying burdens of food or skins, or for ag- gressive or defensive purposes. Sig- nificant, too, of the Stone Age, the poles were of such soft brittle wood as sassafras, poplar and paw-paw, as might be readily obtained by break- ing, many having been twisted off at the "round, others torn from the earth with part of roots attached, while a few had been cut with some dull implement, indicating the use of stone axes and flint knives. It was not a house of darkness ; the charred remains of torches made of shell -bark hickory, tell of the mode of illumina- tion. The ceilings are still black and sooty from the smoke of flambeaux and fires for cooking. Beyond the Augur Hole were found by the ex- plorers the tracks of one large man, two smaller men or women and three children. The imprints of the moc- casined feet were in the plastic clay on the floor. These tracks or Indian foot-prints were there in good con- dition. They appeared to have been on an exploring tour, as they pro- ceeded close to the north side of the route and examined every crevice, re- turning on the south side. The lapse of time since these tracks were made may be approximately inferred from the fact that there being no other known entrance, they must have gone in the "Augur Hole" which, to have admitted a full grown man of average dimensions, must have had an area of twelve by eighteen inches. White men found this closed to a space of ten by five inches ; now the deposit made by water, holding lime in solution, on the same spot since the opening in 1850, a period of twen- ty-eight years, is a mere film, not one hundredth of an inch in thick- ness, so that more than one thousand years must have elapsed since these tracks were made. We may very properly infer from this data and from the finding of stone hammers and grinding pestles there, that what is now known as the "NeAv Cave" was occupied or at least visited by men of the Stone Age. The atmosphere of the cave is remarkably pure and exhilarating and persons can undergo an unusual amount of physical exer- tion. The temperature is uniform through- out the year, being about fifty-six de- grees winter and summer. The cave is the home of numbers of animals, in- sects and fishes. In it you will find skeletons of foxes, rabbits, turtles, rac- coons and other surface abiding animals that go into the cave for refuge throughout the day and when their hour of demise draws near they creep into its sombre solitudes to die. In some of the outer halls vast numbers of bats congregate in the winter sea- son, where thev hano; in immense 42 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. bunches from the roof. There are also blind craw-fish and blind beetles and eyeless fishes found in the pools. There are a vast number of rooms all celebrated by some peculiarity of formation. First, Faneuil Hall, which is two hundred feet long and fifty feet wide. A short distance further we come to Columbian Arch, resembling a railway tunnel and symmetrical as if it were the work of an artisan. This leads to Washington Avenue, at the end of which stands the celebrated statue called Wyandotte Chief, waiting, seem- ingly, to gloat over the death of some daring pale face. Next is " Bandit Hall " at the end of which is the junc- tion of the old and new caves. Turn- ing to the right, only a few yards, is " Fat Man's Misery, 1 ' a narrow passage twenty feet in length which leads to " Bats' Lodge." A short distance on we come to "Rugged Mountain," an elevation of forty feet, on the summit of which is the Rotunda, a circular room over one hundred feet in diam. eter. In this room, epsom salts, spark- ling, pure and white and white gypsum is found in abundance. Leaving the Rotunda, passing through Hanover Chapel, Bassinite Avenue and Coons' Council you enter a high room forty feet wide and one hundred and twenty feet long, with circular walls and smooth ceiling, encircled near the top by a belt of blue flint six inches thick, giving it the appearance of a curiously wrought cornice; this is called the Dining Room. Taking the left divis- ion we go but a short distance to " Creeping Avenue," a passage of two hundred feet long and twenty feet wide, about three feet high, at the end of which is " Pillared Palace." This is a room five or six feet high, fifty feet wide and several hundred feet in length, the ceiling of which is a com- plete fringe of stalactites, while the floor is thickly set with stalagmites uniting in many places. They f orm the grandest pillars ever seen, transparent as crystal and ring like silver bells when stricken by a slight blow. Thence through Genii Bower, Caliope's Bower, Purgatory, Fairy's Grotto, General Scott's Reception Room, Hall of Representatives, we are led to Mon- ument Mountain, one hundred and seventy-five feet high, while seventy- five feet above it is Wallace's Grand Dome of which Rev. Hovey says : " This Dome lias hardly a superior in the world. Standing on the sum- mit of the mountain, we looked up- wards, but the top was veiled in dark- ness. We cast our glances around us and the same unilluminated night lay beyond the dim light of our caudles. But when we had lighted our fire- works, then we could see far above us the bending arch of this majestic temple, rising two hundred and forty- five feet from the base of the moun- tain ; while around us extended in vast proportions a circular wall one thousand feet in circumference. Within this rotunda the ancient Pantheon might be placed or St. Paul's of Lon- don find ample room. At the foot of HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 43 the mountain is the Augur Hole through which we are ushered into Lilliputian Hall and beyond which are Cerulean Vault, Milxoy's Temple, Frost King's Palace and many other beautiful rooms which space forbids to note. In the northwest branch of the old cave we have Pygmy Dome, Odd Fellows Hall, Temple of Honor, Pillar of the Constitution and many other celebrities, but language fails to convey anything like a correct idea of the grandeur and immensity of its rooms. It would take a volume to describe the whole cave. Those who have vis- ited the Mammoth Cave will find this one not a whit behind it in interest. It is evidently worthy of a visit and of the study of all who wish to become familiar with the grand and beautiful in nature and have their minds led through nature up to nature's God. Marengo Cave. — On Sunday, Sep- tember 9th, 1883, S. M. Stewart, Jr., of Marengo, in company with some other boys, getting in pursuit of a rabbit, it lied to a basin where it en- tered a hole. The boys, determined that it should not escape them so easily, pulled away some loose stones that closed the orifice, found that they could go into the hole themselves, and upon taking out some more de- luis saw that they stood in the mouth of a cavern. They immediately spread the news of their discovery and hun- dreds of citizens of the town of Marengo and vicinity gathered around the entrance and proceeded to explore its mysteries. Throughout the entire day and the following night, parties; pushed into the bowels of the earth. The scenery was so grand, the arrange- ment so varied and the formation so beautiful that they did not tire. Such was the discovery of Marengo Cave, which is situated about one-fourth of a mile from the town from which it took its name. Its entrance is perhaps sixty feet above the low water mark of Whiskey Run Creek, upon the side of a hill, and perhaps one-third of the distance to the top. It is in the St. Louis limestone belt, in the subcar- bonif erous strata so common and fav< li- able to the formation of wonderful caverns. It is perhaps the most beau- tiful cave in the United States if not in the world. Strange to say, it was seventy-two years from the first settle- ment of the community until the dis- covery of this beautiful underground palace. It is one mile north of the Louisville & St. Louis Air Line rail- road. Mr. Samuel W. Stewart, the owner of the land, and the present proprietor of the cave, proceeded in a few days after its discovery to prepare for visitors who came to sec this grand panorama of nature's handiwork. He widened the entrance, made it more pleasant of ingress, placed steps where, it would otherwise be difficult of pas- sage, arranged walks and placed a com- modious building over the entrance. The cave proper is but three miles in length, which taken with the minor avenues is live miles in length. But what it lacks in length it supplies in a HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. beauty and gorgeousness of display. It consists of four principal depart- ments ; the main cave and three arms or tributaries. The main cave is gen- erally dry and of easy access its entire length, and while not so bountifully furnished as other parts yet it is astounding to the credulous. Wash- ington Avenue, the most extensive of the tributaries, is an entrancingly beautiful piece of nature's architec- ture. The arrangement being most pleasing and attractive. Here the beholder can spend hours looking at its wonderful works and is then loth to pass on. Crystal Palace, another of the arms, is everything its name implies; the beauty of beauties, the wonder of wonders, and the amaze- ment of all. The multiferous for- mations of every conceivable shape and size glitter in the light as if studded with innumerable diamonds. Here the meditator may ponder and ruminate, and yet realize but faintly the splendors which surround him. The ceiling is everywhere draped and festooned in gorgeous splendor. The sides are pillared and propped by beautiful, clear white stalagmites. The floor is an incrustation of semi- transparent crystal, giving the whole the appearance of the palace royal of the mystic gods of bygone ages. Here is thought for geologists, here is food for the curious and here are hours of pastime for the reader in the pages of Nature's unwritten history. This is truly the grandest combination of natural formations, combining beauty, picturesqueness and brilliancy, that has yet been given to mortal eye. There are some twelve other depart- ments, each containing varied scenery some surpassing in one beauty, some in another. Time forbids a more minute description. The only way that a realization of the grandeur and magnificence of this, Nature's picture and art gallery, can be obtained, is to come and see it. Crawford county is so broken that its agricultural possibilities are not the greatest. But the soil is strong, and in the valleys, rich and productive. In the early settlement of the county the pioneers did not enter their land in the bottoms, as they considered them sick- ly, full of chills and fever and "sloughs." So they usually chose a site near some spring on the ridges. Thus it was that upland was taken up first and cleared and has really been under cultivation longer than the low lands. They did not then depend so much upon the ground for subsistence as now. The gun was a more potent weapon than the hoe to supply the table. Crawford county was the home and haunt of vast numbers of the larger game, such as elk, bear, panther, deer and turkey. The old hunter would take his "flint lock" and start to one of the "deer licks" and by noon would have plenty of the finest meat in the world. The soil has suffered from unskillful husbandry. When the land was first cleared it was cultivated in corn year after year, as that was the principal product. Another very bad HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 46 thing has been the cultivating of the uplands and hillsides in the small grains, <*»n account of which the rains have carried much of the soil down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. When the farmers learn to put their hillsides and rolling land in grass ami pay more attention to stock raising, then will they stop their farms from going down to the Delta. Crawford was covered with a dense forest of the larger growth of timber, while the wild grape, wild plum, berries and persimmons flourished. The forests have gone but the soil remains. There is room for improvement in the agriculture of the county. The river bottoms, with judicious rotation of crops, will prove fertile for years to come. The level plateau covering the elevated region on the eastern side of the county may be referred to lacustral origin. It has a close, cold soil which, in dry seasons, or when well drained, shows great strength, producing good crops of wheat, hay, etc. This may be greatly enlarged and the crops wonderfully increased by a judicious system of tile and open air drains, and thus enhance the value of the farms. The soil in the hilly regions of the western part of the county is, as a rule, composed of fine silicious material, easily exhausted and requires careful management. Exhaustive crops should be avoided. The stalks, chaff and straw should in- variably be returned to the soil as manure, and a large area devoted to fruit and orchard grass for permanent pastures and clover. Every live years these exhausted fields should be treated to a dressing of thirty to fifty bushels of lime to the acre. Since the introduction of bone dtist into the county these lands are yielding fine crops. Old fields that had been thrown out to the commons have been treated to an application of one hundred and fifty to two hundred pounds of bone dust to the acre, and have produced fifteen to twenty bush- els an acre. The greatest benefit to the land derived from bone meal is that it gives a good set to clover or grass. Farmers are learning to sow orchard grass and timothy and clover with their wheat, drilling it all to- gether and are revivifying their dead ground. The principal products are wheat, corn, oats, potatoes, vegetables and grass. Most of the products are held for home consumption. The up- land soil is best adapted to pasturage and hay. Lately much attention has been given to improvement in the breeding of stock. And we find the "Jersey" taking the place of the "scrub" on many of the farms. The following is reported as average crops by a well informed agriculturist: wheat, upland, 13 bushels per acre; wheat, bottoms, 23 bushels per acre; Corn, upland, 20 bushels per acre; corn, bottoms, •">;> bushels per acre; onions, 200 to 300 bushels per acre; potatoes, 150 to 300 bushels per acre. The agricultural report of 1880, taken from the census of the United States, gave the county 1,615 im- proved farms, aggregating 7.~),r>45 acres 46 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. of improved laud, valued, including fences and buildings, at $1,452,902. It also shows the value of farming: im- plements and machinery to be $59,190; value of live stock, $248,683 ; cost of building and repairing fences (1879), $20,034; cost of fertilizers (1879), $6,924; estimated value of all farm productions (1879), $295,371. It gives the following productions for that year: corn, 311,464 bushels; oats, 64,826 bushels; wheat, 70,040 bush- els. Value of orchard products, $17,- 091; hay, 3,555 tons ; Irish potatoes, 34,361 bushels; sweet potatoes, 2,934 bushels; tobacco, 10,920 pounds. We may safely say that with the increased attention given to agriculture and the free use of commercial manures, the increase in the above figures in the last nine j^ears is nearly if not quite 33 per cent above that of 1880. Small fruits and the peach are well adapted to the hilly uplands and with fair culture a failure is rare. Apple orchards are numerous, produce well, and with dil- igent management are highly remun- erative. The estimated average an- nual crop of apples is 600,000 barrels. The favorite varieties are the Roman Beauty, New York Pippin and the Wine Sap. The raising of apples is receiving increased attention. Wil- liam Everdon has the largest orchard in the county. N. R. Peckinpaugh, of Leavenworth, owns a farm in the big bottom below Schooner Point and gives it as his experience that he has realized more money from his orchard of twenty acres planted on a rocky hill than from the produc- tion of seventy-five acres in the rich bottom cultivated in wheat and corn. That is the experience of all ; that the apple crop is more remunerative. The cultivation of the grape has been begun in the county. Messrs. J. Sacksteder &, Son have a vineyard on the south- east hill slope, about three-fourths of a mile from Leavenworth, of twenty- seven acres. They have been engaged in the grape culture for several years and have been very successful. They manufactured in 1887 12,000 gallons of wine, and in 1888, 11,000 gallons of wine. Other farmers observing the success that have attended them have also engaged in the same business. It might be proper to suggest to the farmers that instead of " comma; " their old hillsides, if they would plant them a vineyard or engage in the cultivation of the strawberry or raspberry, their income would be much larger at the end of the year. Now that the greater portion of the timber is gone, the people will be compelled to turn their attention to other things for a liveli- hood and Ave would suggest stock raising, grape culture, raising of small fruits, increase of apple orchards and more meadows, as a few of the callings that with industry and skillful man- agement will yield good results. There are five hundred forty acre tracts in the county that could be bought for two hundred and fifty dol- lars each, which if put in the cultiva- tion of fruit or grass would yield a support to as many families. Either HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 47 the soil is injurious to the burrowing grabs, or the sulphurous character of the atmosphere derived from sulphur springs, gas seeps, and the decompo- sition of pyritous sholes, protects fruit from many pests, elsewhere so injurious both to fruit and the trees. The soil seems to be especially favorable to the growth of fruit trees. On the farm of an old pioneer now ninety-seven years of age, may yet be seen apple trees planted by him sixty-five years ago. They are now two and a half and three feet in diameter, thrifty and vig- orous. Of the early settlement of Crawford county we know but little except from tradition. Attracted here by the plenteousness of game, settlers came quite early in the century. In 1800, July 4th, Indiana was organized as a territory. Crawford county was then a part of Clark and Knox coun- ties. In 1809, Harrison county was organized from parts of Clark and Knox counties, and included all of Crawford. Nine years later the pres- ent county of Crawford was cut off from Harrison and organized into a separate county. Almost all the early settlers came from the Southern states. Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Kentucky. The reason that so many settlers left their homes in the warm balmy South to find new homes north of the Ohio river, was that they abhorred human slavery. And the descendants of these brave pioneers, who faced wilderness and savage Indians for principle's sake, long years afterwards in the dark days of this nation's history faced cannon's mouths, bayonets and grape and canister that, the same unholy institution might be swept out of existence and con- signed to an ignominious grave. Much of the early history of Crawford county is in common with Harrison county which will be found elsewhere in this volume. There were pioneers in what is now Crawford county — hunters and adventurers were here as early as 1804 — among them John Peckin- pangh, but none of them settled per- manently in that year. In 1806 quite a number of families came to southern Indiana. One man settled on Cider Fork of Whiskey Run Creek in what is now Whiskey Run township. This was Thomas Stroud. He must, there- fore, be accounted the first settler of Crawford county having settled in March 1806. In the fall of 1806 Mr. Stroud was followed by E. E. Morgan, William McKee, and William Frakes. Morgan and McKee settled in the northeastern part, while Frakes settled in the northwestern part of the county. During 1807 quite a number of families were added to the popula- tion, among whom were Peter Frakes who established himself on Big Blue river near the eastern boundary of the county and William Van Winkle. During the year 1808 the Strond neighborhood was increased by a number of families, among whom weie Jacob and Jonathan Rice, and Malachi Monk who settled near Big Springs (now Marengo) and John Peckinpaugh settled in the bottom 48 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. below Schooner Point. During these years more settlers came than during the following years. Jn 1810 came Cornelius Hall, Martin H. Tucker and Lazarus Stewart. The first settler on the present site of Marengo was Henry Hallowell, a native of North Carolina. Among the early settlers not already mentioned whose names have not been lost are the following, viz : Richard Weathers, Henry Jones, Patter Harvey, John Weathers, Elisha Tadlock, Thomas Davidson, George Bortwesser, James Vanwink- le, John Samuels, William Doggs, James Brown, Martin Scott, John Best, Squire Green, Brice Patrick, Martin Holack, John Hooten, Daniel Weathers, Wm. Willard, John Poe, George Goodson, Edward Pyles, Jo- seph Tibbs, William Samuels, Joseph Vanwinkle, Abraham Wiseman, Gory Jones, Isaac Shields, Noah Ford, John Lynch, Jesse Lynch, Thomas Lynch, John Wright, Jobn Sturgeon, Wil- liam Anderson, James Barker, Henry Barker, John Seaton, William Babb, Alexander McRae, John Lan- diss, Moses Smith, Caleb Temple, John Crawford, John Ellis, Nathan- iel Hollcroft, Henry Fullenwider. Later on, Leavenworths, Conrads, Clarks, Pankeys, Johnsons, Capt. Posey, General Thorn, etc., etc. We might give many other names but these are deemed sufficient. These came to the county while it wan yet a wilderness. Many of their descend- ants are reputable citizens of the county. Most of the settlers settled near good springs, as that seemed more important than good land. They also usually settled where there were maple trees, that they might manufacture sugar and molasses from, the trees. The earliest settlers were molested by the Indians. There was considerable horse stealing. There is no record of any one having been kille 1 by the Indians except in a raid after some of them who had stolen some horses. Wm. Samuels, who was afterward the fb>t clei'k of the county, was wounded in the knee. For personal safety from the red-skins Malachi Monk, Cornelius Hall, Mar- tin H. Tucker, Lazarus Stewart, Henry Hallowell and a few others, in the year 1811 built a block house. It was a two-story structure built of round logs. The logs were made to project at the top of the first story to enable persons to shoot down at the enemy that would approach from the outside, and at the same time be protected themselves. In time of trouble the families would take refuge in this house and at times remain there for a week or more. This building was erected about one mile east of the present site of Marengo. The early settlers would go to Jeffer- sonville for salt, pay one dollar a bushel and carry it home on horse- back, making a round trip of seventy- five to one hundred miles. At the time of the early settlement, large game was abundant. Scarcity of bacon was the least privation the pioneers had to endure. There were HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 49 no hogs at first, but in a few years they became plentiful, running wild in the woods. In the fall they would get fat on the mast and would be slaughtered in vast numbers and shipped to Southern markets. This was a great branch of indus- try in the early days of the county. Men followed butchering and shipped the pork to the lower counties on the Mississippi. The fact of the hogs run- ning wild, led to many disputes and cpiarrels about their marks. At one time there were about a thousand hogs driven from Lawrence and Orange counties down into Crawford to fatten on the mast. People in Crawford considered this as an infringement, and procuring guns, killed almost all of them. They were indicted. The witnesses would swear they heard the gun and saw the smoke, but could not tell who did the firing. There were no mills in the very earliest days. They ground corn by hand by the use of the distaff. The first settlers Avent to Gen. Win. Henry Harrison's mill which was on Big Blue river. When Gen. Harrison left Indiana, this mill went into the possession of Mr. "Wil- liam Wilson. Soon after, several horse- mills were built in different parts of the county. One was on Bogard 1 s Fork, one on Little Blue River. In the year 1818, Seth M. and Zebulon Leavenworth erected a saw and grist mill at the present site of Milltown, run by water. In the few years fol- lowing, several water mills were erected. One was built near Fre- donia in 1819 by one Leggatt. Corn was the principal product. Wheat was first sown by Natty Straughn, who is yet living, in 1823. They first threshed the wheat by means of the flail, but soon improved this by introducing the tramping floor. In opening up the farms the neighbors in the community would gather to- gether and "roll logs" for eighteen to twenty-five days. To endure this "sport' 1 men had to have muscles like bands of steel. In the fall of the year they would frecpiently meet at the house of some one of them and husk corn, after which, as a general rule, they would stack all of their hats into a pile and blindfold one of the number who would select at random two from the pile, and the owners would be com- pelled to engage in a wrestle or foot- race. Speaking of the sports of the early settlers w e will mention that of "Roly Boly," which is played as fol- lows : One man would lie down, and another at his feet, and then another, and so on, until they had seven or eight in a bunch ; clinched together they would roll down a hill, and the first fellow that broke his hold would have to treat the crowd to a gallon of good 'old corn." On one occasion Aniel Wright was rolled against a stump by the crowd and had to be carried home. The early settlers had very meagre facilities for mails. First post-offices at Mt. Sterling, Fredonia and at Tuckersville. Postage was 25 cents on a letter. All mail came by 50 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. the way of Corydon, and afterward by the river. After the removal of the capitol from Corydon to Indianapolis a stage line was established from Leavenworth to Indianapolis viaPaoli and Bloomington. The contract of the post-office department was that who- ever carried the mail was to run a coach that would carry nine pas- sengers. There was also a stage line from Leavenworth to New Albany in the early settling of the county. There are a number of old pioneers Aet living in the county. We would be pleased to give a sketch of each, but have not space further than to mention their names. John Landiss, a verv old and respected citizen, lives near English, and is almost four score and ten. He is the father of Wm. Landiss, ex-Com- missioner of the county. Mrs. Nancy A. Clark, of Leavenworth, is past ninety, still vigorous. She is the widow of Samuel Clark, once Sheriff of the county. John Wright died in the winter of 1888, aged 88 years. The oldest resident of the county is Nathaniel Straughn, of Sterling town- ship, who was born March Sth, 1792. His father was a revolutionary sol- dier. He has a brother who is ninety- nine years of age living in Sullivan county, Indiana. He came to Craw- ford county in 1820. He has lived in the same place for sixty-nine years. He has five living children, many grand-children and great-grand-child- ren, and one great-great-grand-child living. He gave two boys to the nation during her darkest hours and both died in the ranks, and yet, while he is almost penniless, he draws no pension from the government. Mr. Straughn was living before all of the colonies had ratified the Constitution, and who was quite a good sized boy before the death of Gen. Washington, and is yet active and vigorous. Another very noted old man, yet living is Robert Sharp. He was born in February, 1803, in Wayne county, Ky. His father served with Gen. Frances Marion during the Revolution. Uncle Bob, as he is familiarly called, came to this State in 1812, and grew up with the State. He was very fond of hunting, and many deer, bear and panther fell before his old flint lock. He can yet tell about dancing on the "puncheon floor' 1 (when each fellow kept his own puncheon) with the " gals " dressed in deer skin dresses. He gave three sons to the late war, two of whom never returned. He is one of the most entertaining conver- sationalists in the county; his mind is clear and his memory is good. There are many others who deserve notice; Mrs. Sands and Mrs. Margaret Leavenworth, and others. Before school houses were built, school was taught in private houses. In 1818 and 1819 the people erected several log huts for school and church houses. The house had one log cut out of the side to admit light. To keep out the rain and snow they would fasten greased paper over the orifice. Teach- ers were scarce. Among the earliest teachers were Wm. Johnson, father of HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 51 Prof. J. M. Johnson, of whom more mention is made farther on, Alex. Tadlock and Mr. Barmore. Schools increased with the age of the State until the adoption of the present grand system of schools in Indiana. The early settlers, while they believed in the existence of God, yet they were not as arduous for religious matters as they might have been. The Methodists first organized a class at Mt. Sterling where they held church in a private house. The first " circuit rider " was a man named " Hester." The first preaching at Fredonia was in 1818. The Baptists erected their first church in that place in 1824. The United Brethren Church was established very early. One of its earliest ministers was Rev. J. G. Pfrimmer, another Rev. Jacob Antrim and later Rev. Henry Bonebrake. The church has always occupied a very prominent place in religious affairs in the county and is still growing. It has a membership of 1,250. Organization of the county. In the session of the General Assembly of 1817 and 1818 a Board of Commis- sioners was appointed to survey and lay off another county taken from Harrison county. They reported the county of Crawford, and it was there- upon organized in 1818, two years after the admission of Indiana into the Union. The officers appointed for the county to fill the first terms were : Win. Samuels, Clerk and Recorder; Daniel Weathers, Sheriff and Treasurer; Cornelius Hall and John Samuels, County Commissioners. The Governor appointed Hon. Davis Floyd Presiding Judge, and Henry Green and James Glenn, Associate Judges. The following is a verbatim copy of the early records of the county : December Term, 1818, 1st day, Dec. 15th, 1818. This being the day appointed for holding the Dec. term ( )f the Crawford County Circuit Court, and accommodations having been made at Mt. Sterling for the said court, the court met at the court house in said town. Present, the Hon. Henry Green and James Glenn, Asso- ciate Judges. The court appointed Ebenezer McDonald Prosecuting At- torney for the term, who thereupon took the oath of office. The sheriff handed into court the following list of grand jurors, to- wit : Martin Scott, Michael Harvey, Elisha Moore, Rob- ert Grimes, Joseph Hawkins, Abra- ham Hobbs, Riggs Pennington, Sam- uel Morrow, Lewis Wyman, William Hart, John Riddle, Moses Penning- ton, Lazarus Stewart, Cornelius Hall, Gory Jones, John McCarty, James Totten and William Anderson. Mar- tin Scott was appointed foreman, who with the other jurors being sworn, retired from the bar to consult of pre- sentments and indictments. On motion, Reuben Wright Nelson, Henry P. Coburn and William Hoggett, Es- quires, were admitted as attorneys of this court. It may be remarked that the court house was an imposing structure of one story, made of rough 52 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. round logs and belonged to Henry Barker. At first they had no jail. The town of Mt. Sterling consisted of one street and only two houses on the street. It stood in a forest and the frightened deer frequently ran down the street. In this solitary place gathered the solons to deal out jus- tice and here the new county had its birth. When the weather was warm they would adjourn to the shade of a spreading oak to dispense justice. The first indictment found by the giand jury was against John Tibbs and John Scaggs for affray. The record of that trial is as follows : State of Indiana, 1 John'Tibbs, \ A ff™y- John Scaggs. J At this time came John Tibbs, one of the defendants, who being arraigned, pleaded not guilty and for his trial put himself upon the county and the prosecuting attorney did the like, whereupon come a jury, to-wit : James Land, Wm. Hallowell, Alex- ander Barnett, Peter McMickle, Thomas Strond, Constant Williams, Peter Peckinpaugh, Jonathan Rice, David Miller, Arthur White, John Tallowell and John Lynch, twelve good and lawful men, who being elected, tried and sworn well and truly to try the issue joined, returned into court the following verdict, to-wit : We, the jury, find the defen- dant guilty and fine him -$1.50. It is therefore considered that the State of Indiana recover of the said defendant $1.50 with costs, and that he stand committed until fine and costs be paid. This was the first trial held in the county. At the second term of the Circuit Court we find the following entry, viz : At a Circuit Court began and held at the court house in the town of Mount Sterling, county of Crawford, Monday, the 22nd day of February, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and nineteen. Present, the Hon. Davis Floyd, President of the 2nd Judicial Circuit. Henry Green, . . , T , T J f^, - Associate Jud_> James Glenn, es. ror State of Indiana, \ Indici/nient f c James McCullum. j Larcen ^ This day, came as well the prosecu- ting attorney, as the said James McCullum in his proper person, and for plea says he is not guilty in man- ner and form as in the indictment is charged against him ; for his trial puts himself upon the county and the prosecuting attorney doth the like, whereupon came a jury, to-wit : John Peckinpaugh, Robert Sands, Abraham Wiseman, Thomas Parr, William Matthews, William Riley, Edward Golden, Ephram Blackburn, Ebenezer E. Morgan, Thomas Early, Richard Weathers and James Van- winkle, twelve good and lawful men, who being elected, tried and sworn well and truly to try the issue joined, and true deliverance make between the State of Indiana and the HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 53 said defendant, McCulluin, having heard the evidence and pleading, retired from the bar to consiilt, and after some time returned into court the following verdict, to-wit: We, of the jury, do find the defendant guilty of stealing a deep dish, as charged in the indictment, of the value of sixty-two and a half cents, and do further find that he returns the dish stolen and the value thereof, and two-fold the value thereof if the dish stolen be not restored ; shall make his fine to the State of Indiana, for the use of Crawford county, to he ren- dered in the like sum of sixty-two and a half cents, and we do further find that he receives two stripes on his bare hack. Thomas Parr, Foreman , It is very strange that no record can be found of the indictment, trial and execution of Ooley, but it is true. There is not the scratch of a pen in the records as to the trial. The only way that we account for its loss is the fact that it is very evident that the original records of proceedings were kept on loose paper. For this reason, we find an entry by the presiding judge himself in 1823, "that the clerk shall be relieved of making any full record of cases that had been tried prior to that term, (May, 1823 ), because he has not been provided with a book before that time." So it is supposed during the removal of the records, the history of this criminal trial was lost, "We have been able to find two witnesses as to this execu- tion. In the year 181 ( .>, Ooley killed a man named Briley, at or near White Oak Hill, in the north part of the county. He was captured on Big Blue river and taken to Mount Ster- ling, tried for murder in the first degree, found guilty and sentenced to be hanged at that place. From the time of the trial, till the execution, he was kept near where Marengo now stands, in the old block house, there being no jail in the county at that time. The settlers guarded him, turn about, and on the day of his execution he was hauled in a cart to the gallows. When all -was ready, the sheriff, Dan- iel Weathers, drove the cart out from under him and he swung into eternity. He was buried near the gallows. Robert Sharp, who stdl lives, wit- nessed the execution from the top of a beech bush. The first record of the Common Pleas Court of the county is as follows : "House of James Barker," December 7, 1818. This being the day for holding court for the county of Crawford," at the house of James Barker, pursuant to an act of the Gen- eral Assembly passed at the first ses- sion of the Second General Assembly, entitled an act to attach the county of Crawford to the second circuit court, met ; present, the Hon. Henry Green and James Glenn, Associate Judges. Jonathan Rice, Administrator of Isaac Edwards, returned into court an inven- tory and ordered it to be filed. Or- dered that the court adjourn to Mt. Sterling. Mt. Sterling, December 7, 1818. Court met pursuant to adjourn- ment, December 7, 1818. Ordered 54 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. that court adjourn until court in course. Henry Green and James Glenn, Judges. February term, 1819. February 15, 1819. This being the day appointed for holding the Febru- ary term of the Crawford Probate Court. The court met at court house in Mount Sterling in said coun- ty. Present, the Hon. James Glenn, Associate Judge. Ordered that court adjourn until court in course. James Glenn, May term, May 17, 1819. This being the day appointed for hold- ing the May term of the Crawford Probate Court, the court met at the court house in Mount Sterling, there- fore present the Hon. Henry Green and James Glenn, Associate Judges. At this term Nancy Cochran, administratrix of Nathaniel Cochran, deceased, returned into court her bill of appraisement. Ordered to be tiled. Ordered that court adjourn until court in course. Henry Green and James Glenn, associate judges. First divorce case was brought by Andrew Mason against Clara Mason at the Feb- ruary term of court, 1819. Divorce was granted. All legal publications were made in the Indiana Gazette, pidolished* in the town of Corydon. The village of Mt. Sterling was the only one in the county at the time the commissioners selected it as the seat of justice. In a short time, how- ever, the settlers turned their eyes toward the river as their best outlet, and it was thought best to remove the county seat to the river. Fredonia, laid out by General Thorn, and Leav- enworth, laid out by the Leavenworth brothers, went into competition for the honor. General Thorn built a j>retentious court house for that day, in the town of Fredonia and gave it to the county for its use, and owing to that fact Fredonia came out victorious. So the county seat was removed to Fredonia. The last term of court was held in Mt. Sterling, in October, 1821. There is no record of the removal that has been preserved. At the October term of the Circuit Court a seal was adopted for the county as follows: "Brass metal ; on the outer edge, the words ' CraAvford Circuit Court, Ind- iana, 1 are engraved, an eagle in the center with wings extended, having scale in the lower part of the eagle, with a flag from the eagle's mouth, with these words, Lex et Veritas.'''' The first term of court held at Fre- donia began on March 18th, 1822. Hon. James Glenn, Judge. Although Fredonia succeeded in getting the county seat, her rival, Leavenworth, was not vanquished and in fact soon outstripped Fredonia in trade, popu- lation, etc. That in 1813 the county seat was removed from Fredonia to Leavenworth, where it still remains. In 1846, James Fields murdered his mother in the neighborhood of Mill- town. He was arrested, tried, con- victed and hanged in this county. He was convicted at the November term of court and excuted on Dec. 18, 1846, at Leavenworth. Samuel Clark Avas the sheriff. Many are the auius- iDg incidents told of the early litigants. HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 55 One told us by a friend was to this effect ; Judge Lockhart fined a fellow and sentenced him to jail for twelve hours for assault and battery and order, ed the sheriff to take him to jail. The sheriff, John Barnett, and the prisoner were good friends, so he told the prison- er to keep out of the Judge's sight and all would be right. In an hour or two the Judge, look- ing out of the window, saw the pris- oner pitching dollars in the yard, and turning to Clerk, says: "Mr. Clerk enter a fine of $10 against the Sheriff. Mr. Coroner, you will please take charge of the Sheriff ; " but, on looking over to where the Coroner sat, he saw that official was "too utterly full" to comply with his rerpiest, and, taking in the absurdity of the whole thing he broke into a smile and ordered court to stand adjourned. The first marriage license was issued July 4th, 1818, to Joseph Bohall to wed Miss Sarah Milstid. They were married July 10th, 1818, by J. Newberry, Jus- tice of the Peace. The following is a list of the County Clerks in the order of their service : Wm. Samuels began 1818; Ebenezer E. Morgan's term ended 1846 ; Samuel Sands, 1847; Wm. Mansfield, September, 1848; C. W. Kendall, 1853; Wm. A Jackson, 1857; C. W. Kendall, 1859; James M. Lemonds, 1867; David G. Barnett, 1867; W. L. Seacat, 1871; W. L. Temple, 1*75; Thad. P. Kelso, 1883; Win. Shelby Ross is the present clerk. The county was first laid off into five townships, afterwards increased to seven. This number was increased to nine as follows : Jennings, Whiskey Run, Liberty, Sterling, Potoka, John- son, Union, Ohio and Boone. Leaven- worth, the present county seat, was laid off in 1818 by Zebulon and Seth Leavenworth. Wm. M. Wilber and Zebulon Leavenworth built the first cabins in 1818. In 1819 the first stores were opened by Z. Leavenworth and John L. Smith. The Methodists organized a society here in 1820 and in 1825 built a church. In 1820 the first school was established. A school- house was built the same j'ear. Zeb- ulon Leavenworth established a ferry across the Ohio at this place in 1820. Some of the early inhabitants were the Wilbers, Kendalls, Edwards, Phelps, Woodfords, Datsons, Saner- hebers and Coles. Leavenworth soon became a great trading point. In those early days vast numbers of steamboats plied the waters from Pittsburg, Cincinnati and Louisville to New Orleans. A great many flat * boats were running also at that time. People had wood yards and sold to boats. Hoop-poles, lime, corn, pork and produce were shipped to the South. Leavenworth was the ship- ping point for Crawford, Orange, Du- bois and part of Perry counties. Peo- ple engaged in manufacture of barrels and lime, etc. Fredonia which is only three miles down the river never pros- pered on account of having no port and Leavenworth drew from the trade. Indian Hollow which is one mile west of Leavenworth was a favorite resort 56 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. of the Indians. It derives its name according to "Uncle Bob Sharp" from the fact that upon one occasion when the Indians were having a "Green Corn" dance at that point one of the Indians stepped in the fire and burned his foot very badly and running down the bank and into the river to cool his burn, his foot was caught between two roots, and his companions being pretty well under the influence of ' 'firewater 1 ' not noticing him he was drowned. Since that, this has been known as Indian Hollow. First news- paper printed in the county was pub- lished at Leavenworth by Langdon in 1839. It was a ten by twelve inch folio, called "The Crisis." The first serious back-set Leavenworth received was the building of the Louisville and St. Louis Air Line Railway. This took from her a large amount of the trade from the northern part of the county. Since the opening of the road for traf- fic, Leavenworth has not done so much business as before, but it is still the best business point in the county. The county has always been torn up by its county seat fights. We have seen how Fredonia and Leavenworth combated for the place. Then after the removal to Leavenworth there was quietude until about 1875, when Eng- lish made an attempt to remove the capitol to that place. After much litigation and bad feeling English was defeated. Marengo was the next town to make the attempt but she, too, failed. In 1881 Grantsburg made an attempt to get the prize. The removal was granted by the board of commis- sioners but after an appeal and vexa- tious law suit the decision of the board was reversed. In 1886 English made another attempt, the law having been changed from petition to election, and after one of the closest and most excit- ing contests ever carried on in the county, she again failed. Marengo it now appears is marshaling her forces for another contest. At present, an attempt is being made to change the law. It is gener- ally conceded that, sooner or later, Leavenworth must lose the county seat. This prevents capitalists from investing, and tends to weaken her commercially. Another thing that has injured Leavenworth and crippled her to a certain extent, is the floods of 1882, 1883 and 1884. A great por- tion of the town is below high-water mart, and the unprecedented over- flows of those three years, racked and destroyed a great many of the houses. Some were floated entirely away. The citizens were discouraged by these repeated disasters, but since five years have passed without bringing any recurrence of high-water, they have again taken heart. Leavenworth has a population of one thousand souls. The county buildings are getting dilapidated to some extent. There are a number of handsome residences, a spoke factory, two saw mills, one roller process flouring mill, two skiff factories, two churches, a town hall, a number of good business houses and four hotels. The "Odd Fellows" have HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 57 an elegant two story building. A substantial brick school building cost- ii]«- some $5,000. There are three news- papers: The Crawford County Dem- ocrat, published by Wm. Ellsworth and Son. It was established in 1879, and now has a circulation of 750. The Crawford County Republican, pub- lished by A. F. Fuukkouser, was established in 1888. It has attained a good circulation. The Saturday Hustler, a small weekly published by Wm. Rornaine. Milltown is a village of about -400 inhabitants, situated where the L. E. A: St. Louis railway enters the county from the east, on Big Blue River. Here are the celebrated lime kilns of J. B. Speed & Co. A large force of men are employed in these kilns. As its name indicates, it lias a fine mill owned by Hostetter Bros. It has a good school building and two churches. Milltownwas laid out in the year, 1 >>:!'.>. It has never grown very rapidly. It is in tb^ midst of a fine farming region and its citizens are, iu a general sense, well to-do. Big Springs was laid out by David Stewart in 1839, D. M. Stew- art's addition in L859, M. T. Stewart's addition in 1856 and James M. Walts' in 1871. The first post office was called Tuckersville. It was changed to Proctorsville, where it was kept until 1851. A committee consisting of Dr. Mattingly, Hugh Taylor, Rob- ert Walts, D. S. Tucker and M. T. Stewart was appointed to arrange for removing it. A new name beJhg necessary, Dr. Mattingly suggested the name of Marengo, which was adopted. The town is now known by the name of Marengo. An attempt is being made to incorporate it. Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was the guest of David Stewart during his term of office as Governor. He cut his name on a tree, the stump of which stands in the Academy sugar grove. Marengo is thirteen miles from Leavenworth and thirty-six miles from Louisville. It is noted on account of the beautiful cave recently discovered which bears its name, and which has been already described in this pages. But that which has made Marengo the "Boston" of Crawford county is the Marengo Academy, founded and established by Prof. Jno. M. Johnson. His father, Wm. B. Johnson, emigrated to this State from Kentucky in 1821. He married Charlotte H. Pankey in 1822. Wm. B.Johnson was a pioneer school- teacher and commanded the enormous salary of one dollar a day and board. His son, John M., was bred to look upon education as ennobling to man. His father gave him a collegiate edu- cation, but the young man had to struggle to get through. He gradu- ated at Bloomington, in perhaps 1852. He had, however, taught his first school in the year 1848, and introduced the first blackboard ever used in the community. The story of the founding and establishment of the Academy we tell in his own simple words: "Fate, or rather as I prefer to believe, a kiud, beneficent all-wise Providence, 58 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. has confined almost my entire life's labor to Crawford county. After I graduated, Bishop Glossbreuner sent special word to me to go east and cast in my lot with some of the eastern conferences, where, in his opinion, I could do as much good as in this far west, and would be better remuner- ated financially. I could see no way open for me to leave my native county, hence I did not go. I was invited to Illinois to teach, where teachers' wages were there said to be higher than here. I could not go. I was chosen a member of the Faculty of Hartsville University, now Hartsville College. I accepted ; took one of Crawford county's best girls for a life- partner, and went ; filled my place satisfactorily to those concerned. But I could not see the way open for me to stay. I came back. I went to Spencer county. Taught two five- months terms. All, so far as I know, were well pleased. I returned to Crawford. I was offered the princi- palship of a high school in Greene county, at a salary of two thousand dollars per annum, I to select my < >wn assistant. I thought I would go. I spoke to a young lady to take the position of assistant, provided I made the arrangements to go. I never made them. I do not know why. An opening for a school that should be above the common school, and that would give young men and young ladies an opportunity for a higher education, developed in the town of Big Springs. I walked in. My cir- culars were struck, stating when the "Marengo Graded School" would begin. As no person knew where Marengo was, for that was only the name of an obscure postoffice, I had to tell in my circulars that the "Marengo Graded School" would be in the town of Big Springs, Crawford county, Indi- ana. The school opened March 20th, 1S69, in the house now occupied by Edward Mitchell, with sixty pupils in attendance. That session turned out three preachers, six physicians, four attorneys, and one who intended to study law, but died, and one who yet contemplates law ; one surveyor, one trustee, and, to me, an unknown num- ber of teachers. Four terms were taught in the old house. The fifth opened in the new Academy building, which took the name of "Marengo Academy." The school lias been running for, within a few weeks, twenty years. Many young ladies and gentlemen have been helped to a better education than the}- ever could have gotteu had there been no Marengo Academy. Board and tui- tion have always been cheap here. The school has tried to be the poor man's friend. Those with plenty of money can always go where they wish; those of only moderate means can come to Marengo on account of the cheapness. Those with no means have never been turned away, but they have been boarded and taught, and time given them to make the money, after they had received the education ; enough to teach school or HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. 59 engage in some other employment by which to make money to pay their board and school bills. Young men preparing for the ministry have been given their tuition at one-half of reg- ular prices regardless to what denomi- nation they might Lave belonged ; the same half prices to the children of all ministers actively engaged iu min- isterial work. Owing to the short time allotted me for writing, only an estimate can be made of the number of those who have been educated wholly, or in part, at the Academy. The attendance has never been large, but often laro-e enough for the good of those attending. There have been probably about two thousand different persons who have attended the Acad- emy. Some of these are dead. Most of the living ones are honorably employed. Marengo Academy's stu- dents can be found in legislative halls, on the judges' bench, in the sacred desk, at the bar, in the sick-room, as pkvsicians relieving the suffering:, in the school-room teaching u the young idea how to shoot," and in every hon- orable calling or business common to our country. Long may it live to bless Crawford county, my own nati\ e county! I shall soon be numbered with the dead. May my memory live in the kind heart of some one or more, who has loved to linger within the Academy's consecrated walls! Marengo is, next to Leavenworth, the largest town in the county, with three mills, tliree churches, a public school building and various other buildings and enterprises. It is a pushing place and has a bright future. English was laid out as Hartford 1839. The name was channel 1 in when it was incorporated, to English. It was nothing more than a strao-cdino- little village with a few stores, grocery and blacksmith shop until the comple- tion of the Air Line road. For a few \ ears it grew rapidly but seems now on a stand still. It is celebrated on account of the "Hazlewood Sulphur Springs," which are situated one half mile north. This is a famous watering place. A large and commodious hotel stands in the midst of delightful grounds. There is a beautiful f< >untain in the yard and every known conven- ience is there. The building; alone cost $40,000. It is now owned and controlled by Dr. George R. Hazle- wood. English has a population of some five hundred people or more; has one church, school building, some handsome residences and good busi- ness houses. One newspaper, "The English News," is published there. It was founded iu 1886 and has at- tained a fair circulation — Taswell is a village of some two hundred people. It consists of school-house, hotel, black- smith shop, business houses, etc., on the Air Line railroad, about seven miles west of Eno-lish. It has grown up since the railroad was built and has about reached its zenith. Eckerty is a pretty little town, four miles west of Taswell, on the railroad. Laid out by Christopher Eckerty in 1873. It has a handsome church, 60 HISTORY OF CRAWFORD COUNTY. a good school building, one of the pret- tiest hotels in the county, a good " roller process " mill, and quite a number of good business houses. It is a neat clean little town with an ap- pearance of thrift. Grantsburgh was laid out in 1854. It now has a population of about two hundred. Has a few nice residences, business houses, nice church, school building, etc. Its proximity to Eng- lish, only four miles away, and its not being on the railroad, tend to dwarf it. Its future prospects are not flatter- ing. Alto:n" is one of the prettiest towns in the county, is situated on the Ohio river about two miles from the western boundary of the county. It was founded in 1838. It, like Leaven- worth, lias suffered much from high waters. It has an elegant new school house, two churches, Methodist and Baptist, ami a number of good busi- ness houses and residences. The Indiana Oak Mills are situated at the mouth of Little Blue river, at the edge of the town, and is the largest manu- factory we have in the county. Alton is the nearest point on the river to the White Sulphur Well. It is about six miles from Alton, in one of the most romantic spots on earth. The well wis sunk for petroleum, but instead, they struck this vein of sulphur water, equaling the famous White Sulphur Springs, of Virginia. Its medicinal properties are unexcelled. Large num- bers visit it each year to drink the water and to bathe in it, 'I here is a large and commodious hotel at the place, owned by the Boyd Brothers. This is destined to be one of the greatest health resorts in the State. Plenty of the finest fishing and hunting is found in the neighborhood. Fredonia, as has already been said, never prospered. It has gone down to a country post office. The old houses are fast tumbling down and going to decay. In this town the first brick structure in the county was built, Wicklift'e, Magnolia, Mount Prospect, Riceville, Temple and Pilot Knob are country villages and post offices. There is one thing that brought Crawford county to the front very rapidly, and that was the building of the Louisville, Evansville become, within a very short time, the most important shipping point on the Ohio river below the Falls. Freights from the east, southward bound, are brought here by rail for re-shipmant by boat southward; while freights from the south, the great staples of tobacco, cotton, sugar, and molasses, in partic- HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. 75 ular, are brought here by boat for re- shipmeut east and north. This gives to New Albany an immense commer- cial advantage, which will continue to increase each year as the prosperity of the south becomes more fully devel- oped and permanently established. It will add, too, very largely to the wealth and importance of New Al- bany, as this city will not only be- come noted as are-shipping point, but by the very force of circumstances, not to mention the well-known enter- prise and energy of her citizens, will become equally noted as a place for the interchange of the commodities, agricultural and manufactured, of the two sections of the Union. The city is located upon the verge of both sec- tions, and will become a great entrepot to the trade of both. The river trade of New Albany will compare favorably with that of any western city of equal population. The Secretary of the United States Treasury gives the river trade of the city for 1875 as twelve millions of dollars; for 1880, as thirteen million five hundred thousand dollars ; f< >r 1886, as fifteen millions of dol- lars. Here, of itself, is an immense trade ; but to this is to be added the railroad, manufacturing, mechanical, mercantile, live stock, and produce, and general trade of the city, and not least, by any means, its coal and other mineral trade. New Albany is destined to become a great railroad center. Her natural advantages of location are highly favorable to this. The city is now the terminus of the Louisville, New Albany and Chicago; the Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis ; the Louis- ville, Evansville, and St. Louis ; and the Ohio and Mississippi Railroads. These roads connect New Albany with all sections of the Union, north, south, east and west, giving her rail- road advantages possessed by few- cities in the west. New Albany is united to Louisville by the. magnificent iron bridge that spans the Ohio River at the Falls. Trains cross this bridge from New Albany and Louisville every twenty- five minutes, and so great is the travel by this route between the two cities becoming, that it will be but a short time until the trains are run oftener. This bridge is a fine structure and was built at a cost of over two millions of dollars. The Kentucky and Indi- ana bridge spans the Ohio River be- tween the east end of New Albany and the west end of Louisville, is of steel cantilever spans, and cost $1,500,000. It has tracks for steam cars, street railroad, vehicles, and footmen, and trains run over it between Louis- ville and New Albany every twenty- five minutes. These two bridges vir- tually make Louisville and New Al- bany one city in interest, if not in identity. New Albany and Louis- ville are also united by a line of first. class steam ferry-boats, owned by the New Albany ami Portland terry com- pany, which make their trips every ten minutes, and have immense power 76 HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. and carrying capacity. These ferry, boats connect on the Louisville side with two lines of street railroad, that carry passengers to all parts of Louis- ville for five cents. The cost of fer- riage is five cents to footmen, making the cost of a trip from New Albany to the extremest point in Louisville only ten cents. The fare charged on the J. M. f block coal, that are run over by the Louisville, Evansville f 1812 between the United States and Great Britain ; the Indians always being the allies of the British against this country, and not unfrequently being incited to the most terrible deeds of blood and car- nage against the American frontier set- tlers by the British officers of the army and the hired agents of that Govern- ment. But these days of slaughter have passed. The Indian tribes that formerly inhabited Indiana and made it their hunting grounds have melted away before the advancing civilization and the unparalleled en- ergy of the nineteenth century ; and the remnant that yet survives the once proud and no less savage Shawanees, Piankeshaws, Miamis, Pottawattomies, Delawares and Wyandottes, who were once so terrible when upon the war path, have been pushed west to the base of the Rocky Mountains, where they now only linger until the advanc- ing flood of emigration gathers new force, when they will lie driven farther westward to where the setting sun bathes his golden glories in the Pacific ocean, and then disappear from this continent forever. The once favorite hunting grounds of these Bed Men are swept away; the mighty forests have fallen, and beautiful prosperous vil- lages, towns and cities, and cultivated farms, bearing in abundance the grains and fruits of the golden autumn have taken their place; the wilderness indeed now blossoms as the rose, and the hum of machinery and the busy notes of enterprising industry ring- out from thousands of manufacturing and mechanical establishments. The light birch bark canoe of the savage, no longer splits the rippling waves of the beautiful river, Ohio; but instead, those magnificent floating palaces, the western steamboats, bear over its waters the vast commerce of a mighty nation. The Indian trails and the buffalo paths have given place to the iron-ribbed railroads, where the loco- motive, with its long train of cars, sweeps with lightning speed to ready markets the bountiful products of our bounteous State. The wild whoop of Indian battle is hushed forever ; and w here it once sounded, now stand hundreds of churches, from which the voice of prayer and praise ascend ; and thousands of school houses, where tens of thousands of children meet to he taught in our free schools, and to lie imbued with a love of country, and that spirit of liberty which is equal rights to all, and which has made our happy, proud America the asylum for the oppressed of all lands, and which prepares Americans to give cordial welcome to all peoples who flee from tyranny to find a home under the Stai's and Stripes of this grand Union of Freemen. 94 HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. GEORGE A. BICKNELL was born in Philadelphia, Pa., February Oth, 1S17, and is a son of George A. and Emeline (Irglis) Bicknell ; the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter horn in New York. The elder Bicknell was a merchant in Phil- adelphia, where subject was reared and educated. He entered the University of Penn- sylvania, from which he was gradu- ated at the age of fourteen, having taken the regular classical and scien- tific course. He was immediately sent to New Haven Law School by his parents, where he remained one year. In the meantime, his father had removed to New York, and there the young man read law in the office of the late Seth P. Staples for several years. He was admitted to the bar when nineteen years of age, at Albany, N. Y., in January, 1830. He began practice immediately in New York city, where he continued some eight or ten years, when he was taken sick from business and over- study, being the attorney for the Del- aware the close of his life. His attainments in the broad fields of general know ledge were more than ordinary, while in the branches more directly allied to his public du- ties, such as political economy, the sci- ence of government, parliamentary law, etc., his acquirements were ex- tensive and duly acknowledged by his contemporaries. He taught school for some time in Kentucky, and set- tled in New r Albany, Indiana, where he afterwards permanently resided. He began the practice of law in New Albany in 1852, was elected City At- torney in 1854 and prosecuting At- torney of Floyd county in 1855 ; was a member of the State Legislature in L856 and 1857; was elected reporter of the supreme court of Indiana in 1862, and during his term of office ed- ited five volumes of reports; was elected a representative to the Thirty- ninth, Fortieth, Forty-first and Forty- second Congresses ; was the democratic HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. 97 .candidate at large for Representa- tive in the Forty-third Congress, but was defeated by a small majority of one hundred and sixty-two votes; he was elected in 1874 to the Forty-fourth Congress by a majority of thirteen hundred and nine. But the crowning honor of his public career was his election to the speakership of the House of Representatives, at its or- ganization, in 1875. Mr. Kerr made an able and impartial presiding officer and commanded the undivided respect of all part ies, For some time previous to this election to the speakership his health had begun to fail, from the insidious progress of a serious pulmo- nary affection, which was quickened to action by the arduous duties of his office, forcing him before the close of his first session, to seek relief from his toils and sufferings, by a .sojourn among the mountains of Virginia. But the disease had gained too much headway and his death took place on the 19th of August, 1876, at the Alum Springs, Rockbridge county, Virginia. His noble qualities of heart and mind endeared him to a large circle of acquaintances and friends. His death was regretted by the whole country. ASHBEL PARSONS AVILLARD was the most popular Governor Indiana ever had; was born October 31,1820, at Vernon, Oneida county, New York. His father was Colonel Erastus Willard, sheriff of the county. The maiden name of his mother, whose memory he revered as long as he lived was Sarah Pai'sons. She died when he was fourteen, but she had alreadv discerned the dawning* brilliancy of his mind, and calling him to her dvin^ bed, counseled him to obtain a liberal education, and to enter the profession of the law. In accordance with her dying wishes, he pursued his preparatory studies at the Oneida Liberal Institute and when eighteen he entered Hamilton College, New York, in the class of 1842. He became first in scholarship in that in- stitution and bore off its highest honors as valedictorian. After graduating, Willard, depart- ing from the home of his youth, fol- lowed his two brothers, who had pre- ceded him, to Marshal], Michigan, and there, at the age of twenty-two, with feeble health but full of "the mental exhilarations of youth, hope and glory" he embarked upon the stormy sea of life. He remained at Marshall with, of course, a limited legal practice for about a year, when his health not becoming established, he determined to seek a milder clime. He purchased a horse and rode south- westwardly into Texas and back again to Kentucky, when his funds being exhausted but his health ex- ceedingly improved, he stopped and obtained employment as a school teacher. This was the year of the presidential contesl between Polkand Clay. Willard. from his boyhood, had been an earnest, working political par- 98 HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. tisan." He left the school room for the political arena. New Albany, Indi- ana fell within his circle, and there, stranger as he was, he addressed the people. The impression made by the tall, slender young orator was so fa- vorable to him, personally, that it in- duced an invitation to him to make that city his home. It was in the spring of 1845, before he had reached the age of twenty-five that Ashbel P. Willard, without pecuniary resources, in the absence of relatives and only friends of an hour's acquaintance, he- came a resident of Indiana. Entering upon the practice of law at New Al- bany he was compelled to encounter an able and learned bar — such law- yers as Bicknell, Crawford, Otto Da- vis and others, ranking inferior to none in the State. This competition only stimulated him to greater exer- tion. He afterward became the part- ner of Mr. Crawford, but did not, however, pursue the legal profession long enough to reach its greatest honors. Politics, we shall soon see, engaged his thoughts and energies and became the field of labor in which he won his fame. In narrat- ing, however, the events of his life it is proper to here turn aside to men- tion one of a domestic character. On the 31st of May, 1847, he was mar- ried to Miss Caroline C. Cook of Haddam, Conn. Of the offspring of that marriage, the first and third, James H. and Caroline C. Willard survive. In May, 1849, Mr. Willard was elected a member of the city council of New Albany, and labored steadily in that capacity for the im- provement of the finances of the city. In 1850 he was elected to the Legis- lature from Floyd county by an un- usual majority. He served in the capacity of Representative but a single session; but it is conclusive evidence of the reputation he had al- ready acquired for talent and effi- ciency that, young as he was, and new member as he was, he was placed at the head of the Committee on Ways and Means and assigned the leadership of the Democratic party in the House. In 1852 he was nom- inated by the Democratic party of Indiana for Lieutenant-Governor, and was elected. He filled this office until 1856, when he was called by the suffrages of the people of the State, after a most desperate politi- cal contest, to the executive chair, the highest office in their gift. He was inaugurated Governor of Indiana, January 10, 1857. And here, let the reader pause a moment to observe the spectacle presented. A young man, who eleven years before had entered upon his career of life in In- diana poor and friendless, had by his own persistent efforts, without aid from accidents of fortune, risen with an unfaltering step through a gradation of honorable and responsible offices, till at the age of thirty-six he ascend- ed to the highest position in the gov- ernment of a State composed of over a million of people. But few paral- lel cases can be found. HISTORY OF FLOYD COUNTY. 99 In 1860 his strength failed him. He went to Minnesota in the hope of recuperating, hut there in a ride from White Bear Lake to St. Paul he took a sudden cold, and on the 4th of Oc- tober of that year he expired from an attack of pneumonia. At the meridian of life, far up toward the source of the Father of Waters. whose swelling and majestic flow was no unfit emblem of the bold and overpowering .stream of eloquence of the "silver-tongued orator of Indi- ana," and Willard, yielding to the only enemy he could not conquer, de- scended into the regions of the dead — but there not to dwell. Amid pub- lic evidences of a sorrowing people his remains were borne to the city of New Albany, where they rest in the midst of friends he loved so well. The most marked features ■ f Wil- lard's intellectual powers were intu- ition and will — the faculties of all others most sure to produce the man of action, the successful leader; an I united with these, he had a gift of eloquence which makes his name a fireside recollection in the homes of Indiana, As a speaker, he was one of the most el quent in the forum or on the stump. Possessing in an em- inent degree all the requisites of a true orator in happiest combination; great emotion and passion, with cor- rect judgment of human nature, genius, fancy and imagination, ges- ture and attitude, intonation and countenance, his whole nature blend- ed to accomplish the mighty purposes of his heart. He saw at a glance the true relations of things, the exact bearing of current events ; what was proper to be done, and how to do it; and the force, the energy of his will bore him forward in its immediate and successful execution. He had great decision of character. He never stopped to speculate or doubt; and no leader ever should while he continues the contest, for uncertainty and hesitancy palsy the arm in its attempt to execute. As a general truth, it may be asserted that none but the sincere, believing, (earnest men will efficiently or can successful- ly struggle with difficulties. It was the possession in a high degree of the qualities above mentioned that drew upon Willard, by common consent, the leadership among those with whom he might lie; for the wavering and timid always follow the decided and brave. And it was those quali- ties, also, that gave him such distin- guished success as a presiding officer — quickness of apprehension, prompt- ness and energy of action. HARRIS0N C0UNTY. (By W. H. Pkiumx, Esq.) HARRISON is one of the wealthiest- counties in the southern part of the State, agriculturally, and one of the most important in the eomuion- wealth in historical interest. "Within its limits occurred much that has passed into history. Within its limits also, have fio-ured some of the ablest men the State has known, whose finger- marks are still to be seen, and whose statesmanship and wise counsels have been largely instrumental in placing her in an honorable position in the Union. For more than a decade of years — from 1818 to 1825 — its county scat was the capitol of the State, and the old Capital building still stands, a monument of historical interest. Here was once the home of ({en. Wil- liam Henry Harrison, the fanner, patriot and soldier, whose trumpets never sounded the notes of retreat, the hero of the famed field of Tippecanoe, the ninth President of the United States, and the grandsire of the President. Here such men as he; Gen Posey, the soldier and patriot, the companion and friend of Washington; Jennings, honest, pure, with heroic courage for the right, Harbin Moore, "a meteor of brilliant thought and speech, and princely in courtly elegance of manners and conversation ;" the Boones, un- rivaled in pioneer daring, that never quailed before their savage enemies, and in whose lexicon there was no such word as fail ; Spier Spencer, who laid down his life on the field of Tip- pecanoe, and other master spirits of the time, who lived out the measure of their days ; and the fruit of their labors here are yet visible. Their surround- ings, however were such as we know- little of now, except by tradition. Pioneer life here, if all authorities may lie credited, was rough, rude, simple, sincere, honest, warm-hearted and hospitable, and many of the men of mark of that period, though brilliant, were erratic, often irreverent and dis- sipated. Their lives were levered and delirious, and upon the rostrum or in the forum they gleamed and flashed like blazing meteors. In the metrop- olis of the territory and the young State centered the two extremes of pioneer society; the rude simplicity, and the gifted, brilliant children of erratic genius. Above the mass, such men as Harrison, Jennings, Posey, HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 101 Moore, etc., towered like Saul above bis fellows. The leading events in the lives of these men, and so far as they are interwoven with the history of Harrison county, will be noted as this sketch progresses. Topography. — Harrison is one of the southern tier of counties, and lies in a great arc of a circle of the Ohio river, which borders it for nearly forty miles and separates it from the State of Kentucky. It is bounded on the north by Washington county ; on the cast by Floyd and the Ohio river; on the south by the Ohio river; on the west by the Ohio and by Crawford county, and contains four hundred and Beventy-eight square miles. By the last census it had a, population of 21,- 326. In common with the entire southern part of the State, it is rather broken and hilly, but notwithstanding, has a large amount of tine farming land. The principal streams, besides the Ohio river, are Blue river, forming the general dividing line between Harrison and Crawford counties; Big- Indian, Little Indian, forming a junction at the town of Corydon ; Buck and Mosquito Creeks. These streams pass through nairow valleys or canondike gorges, at a depth of three hundred to four hundred feet below the highest hill-tops, and from one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred anil fifty feet below the level of the "barrens," or valley plateaus. Barren*. — The name " barrens," ap- plied to portions of Harrison county, is somewhat misleading to the modern ear. The barrens were so named, be- cause when first vi sited by white people they were devoid of timber. The pioneers had an exaggerated idea of the amount of timber needed for dwellings and fuel, and seemed to be- lieve that soil too poor to grow timber would scarcely grow anything else, while the bare situation would expose them to the burning sun of summer and the fierce blasts of winter. These treeless regions, for years swept by autumnal tires, until they were covered with only a coat of rank weeds and prairie grass, presented, in many cases, the uniformity, without the monotony of the western prairies. The)' made a beautiful picture of the splendor and bounty of imtrammeled nature, and the rank grass was, in the spring and summer season, overtopped with radiant flowers, while the ground, rich and fruitful, was covered with wild strawberries. So prodigal was Nature of these unappreciated bounties that the odors were wafted on the breeze, for miles. Vast herds of deer bounded leisurely over the quietly rolling meadow-, and great Hocks of wild turkeys in their panoply of glittering green and blue plumage were met in every direction, while thousands of -mailer bird-, such as pheasants and quails might lie had for the taking. Such were the "bar- rens" which, far from being barren or sterile, were among the richest and most productive lands in the southern part of the State. But since the annual tires have keen prevented by 102 HISTORY OF HARRTSON COUNTY. settlements, and the opening of farms, these prairie -barrens are now, where not in cultivation, covered with young forest trees from 12 to 18 inches in diameter. Drainage. — One of the most impor- tant features of Harrison county is its subterranean drainage. No part of the world, perhaps, exhibits tins fea- ture so significantly. The rocky sub- stratum of the county is, as a rule, limestone. "The surface is a porous mass of flints, geod.es, siliceous fossils and fragments of quartz, the insoluble remains of this limestone dissolved and eroded by atmospheric agencies. The rainfall is absorbed by this mass, as if by a sponge, and quickly con- ducted to sink-holes and ever-enlarging crevices to underground canals or ducts. The result is a subterfaneaa system of livers, creeks and brooks, which flow along in midnight darkness, peopled with a peculiar fauna-fishes, crawfishes, worms and beetles, in which the organs of vision, unused for gen- erations and ages, are obsolete. This peculiar system, and its depth below the surface, renders the supply of water from wells uncertain, and resi- dences, churches and school-houses are usually supplied with cisterns for securing rain water for culinary and drinking purposes. At many points, the prevailing good health may be attributed to the use of pure rain water. Another remarkable effect of this drainage is observed in many electrical phenomena, seemingly con- trary to the well-known laws of elec. tricity. Lightning rarely or never strikes on the hills or table-lands, but generally, or always, in deep valleys, and often in basin-shaped sink-holes, from 200 to 4<>(» feet below the hills immed'ately adjoining or contiguous. Dry, porous earth, filled with air, is a pour conductor. 1 ' Such is the condition of areas, from a scientific standpoint, under-run by rivers and streams. The electricity seeks the shortest line to a good conductor by passing through the humid air to one of the underground water- courses. Caverns. — Caves are numerous in Harrison county, some of which are remarkable in extent and beauty. Borden's Cave in the western part of the county is, comparatively, a new discovery, and possesses unrivaled beauty. It is thus described by one who explored its subterranean beauties: "The cave contains four rooms, each differing from the rest in the shape and number of its formations. The first room is about 50 feet high and contains many stalactites, which are slendc, tolerably clear, and from 2 to 5 feet long. The stalagmites are, also, numerous and beautiful; the stalactitic folds on the sides of the room depend in masses that, no doubt, weigh many tons. The most noted formations in the second story are : l.Very white, clear stalagmites, covered with "points of cala spar, that give them the appearance of being covered with frost. 2. A mass of broken stalag- mites that have fallen from the walls of the room ; this mass attracts much HISTORY CF HARRISON COUNTY. 1 OS attention from those who do not under- stand the process of its formation. 3. A large branching stalagmite in the left side of the room. A large pile of rocks, resembling Jug Rock in Martin county, partly separates the second and third rooms. Beyond it is a shelv- ing rock, 25 feet long and 10 feet wide, that contains, probably, 5, (too stalac- tites, from an inch to two feet long, and from one-fourth of an inch to two inches thick. Some of these stalac- tites have been broken off, perhaps by an earthquake, and as they fell they lodged among others, and have been cemented to them in many dif- ferent positions. The fourth room is entered by ascending a ladder. It is smaller than the others, and the most interesting object it contains is a huge stalagmite, 8 feet high. One-half of it has been removed b\ a small stream of water, so the present specimen is only a part of what was formerly there. "Mr. Borden has labored industri- ously to improve the cave. He has made and put in place a ladder 54 feet long, by which the cave is entered, and also put up three smaller ones at places inside. He has graded some of the rough places, and is at present engaged in opening a narrow channel through which the e is a strung cur- rent of air. The cave is worth a visit from all who enjoy subterranean ram- bles." Rhodes' Cave, also in the western part of the county, has an entrance almost like a well, and is 8 by 12 feet. Aiapid descent over angular, fallen rocks, leads by a passage-way, 7 to 10 feet high to the lake, 93 Eeet below the surface. The lake is fed by per- manent springs, and never diminishes much, if any, in size. It is reported to have a measured depth of over -40 feet. A small spring, dripping from the limestone walls, fringes the south side with clusters and sheaves of slen- der stalactites, and falls int < a basin- shaped stalagmite. The lake contains a great many white, blind fishes and crawfishes. Swarms of bats resort to the cave, hibernating there during the winter, hanging by the feet to the roof, in great clusters of thousands, remaining in a semi-torpid condition until the warmth of spring recalls them to active life. The cool, dry air of this cave has high antiseptic prop- erties, preserving fruit, fresh meat, etc., ia perfection. Another interesting cave is King's, about four miles east of Condon, near the turnpike to New Albany. "A spring or small stream of water is the key to this excavation, the chisel which tunneled and hollowed out this narrow cavern. At low water it would pass through a four inch orifice, and is constant in seasons of drouth; after a rain a torrent pours out of the gothic doorway six by three feet. This beautiful doorway, much older than the present entrance, is inacces- sible, except by ladder; above,adome shaped portico is well rounded to lines of beauty. The vestibule is sixty feet long, twelve fed wide, and five to ten 104 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. feet high, with a rippling brook at oue side. Beyond, the roof becomes lower, and at places is but two and a half to three feet high. Half a mile from the entrance is a lake thirty feet long, of no great width or depth, con- taining blind fish and crustaceans. Bats, 'coons and muskrats frequent the cave for rest and hibernation. The grand hall near the lake is report- ed to be one hundred and twenty feet ong, sixteen feet wide, and eight feet hisd), with many beautiful stalactites. Beyond the lake the roof is so low that progress can be made in a stoop- ing posture only, or by crawling. Yocuru's Cave, on the south side of Little Indian Creek, but a short distance north of Corydon, is fall of attractions, and is a labyrinth of winding passages. It has been but partially explored, and to a distance of about half a mile. Boone's Cave. The most impor- tant cave in Harrison county, and to which attaches much historical inter- est, is that known as Boone's Cave. It is thus described: "West and northwest of Laconia, as will be seen by the map, there are four small creeks or brooks, which, after gather- ing the sirrface drainage of from two to four miles, suddenly sink in the ground to the cavernous St. Louis limestone. After an underground course of less than two miles, they are collected together and burst forth from an opening in the limestone bluff of Buck Creek ; in sufficient vol- ume to turn an old-fashioned over- shot wheel and mill. This region is historic ground, on the verge of the battle-land which divided the semi- civilized Indians of the South from the savages of the North, and subject to incursions from these irreconcilable enemies, and from predatory parties from the other tribes. It was inhab- ited by wild animals — a land of game — bears, deer, turkey, et •., were abundant. Notwithstanding the danger of the situation, this hunting- ground soon attracted the attention of the Boones, and others of the chiv- alrous pioneers of Kentucky. Every excursion was a scouting expedition, and every trail a. "war-path." The foemen neither asked or gave mercy. On one of their hunting expeditions, Squire Boone, brother to the famous Daniel Boone, of Kentucky history, in passing along the eastern bluff of Buck Creek, noticed a small cave- like opening in the rocks, partially hid- den by bushes. It appeared to be a good hiding place for large, wild game. A few miles further on he was attacked by Indians; his only chance for life was to fly. The pur- suit was immediate and earnest, and it was evident that they would soon overtake him. He remembered the hiding place discovered a few hours before, and reached it when his pur- suers were less than a hundred yards behind him. Throwing himself into the cave, he heai'd the Indians pass over his head. The little cavern had saved his life. To him it was holy ground ; he selected it as his final HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 105 resting place — a sepulcher carved out by the hand of Nature. He required that, after his death, his body should be entombed there in this cave. Going to the spot, a rough, flat stone was shown us — the door to Boone's Grave Cave. Removing the stone, a small opening is exposed in the side of the hill; a descent of about seven feet led to a room six by eight feet on the floor, and a little less than five feet high. The coffin had been broken away, and the exposed bones showed that this intrepid pioneer bad been a man of stalwart frame and of great muscular power, at least six feet two inches high. The skull was gone. A decent regard for the fam- ily and memory of a man who con- tributed so much to the pioneer his- tory of the Ohio Valley, and gave names to so many counties, towns and villages in the Garden of Amer- ica, demands that a suitable memo- rial column or block of stone should be placed over this grave, -not only to mark the spot, but to preserve his mortal remains from the vandal hands of relic hunters. "Squire Boone spent his latter days in this vicinity. The great cave spring poured its torrents down the side of the hill, having a fall of 18 feet. Boone built a mill, preparing the material almost wholly with his own hands. The building was of stone. Many of the blocks were ornamented withfigures and emblems, displaying some degree of artistic skill, and all by the hand of the old hunter. A trailing vine in full leaf and laden with fruit, was cut upon the lintels, and figures of deer, fishes, a horse, a cow, a lion, a human face, and stars, and many texts from the Bible were sketched upon the stone in differ- ent parts of the building. Over a door way was this inscription : 'The. Traveler's . Rest . Consecra'ed . By. Squire. Boone . 1809.' Over another door is the followinff: o •T . Sit . And . Sing . My . Soul's . Salvation. And . Bless . The . God . Of. My . Creation.' A broken stone says: 'My. Goode. Friend."' Everything pertaining to the Booties, the most famous pioneers of the Ohio valley, is of interest to the general reader, and the following is given from the Western Argus, a paper pub- lished in this county a third of a century ago, by Judge Slaughter. The Argus of June 22, 1852, says: A correspondent of the Louisville Jour- nals&ys that Enoch Boone, who resides in Meade county, Ky., was the first male child born in Kentucky now- living. Mr. Boone is the s< m i »f Squ're Boone and nephew of Daniel Boone. Squire Boone, the father of Enoch, was buried in a cavern in this county. His coffin is placed in a vault cut in the solid rock, the work of his own hands. The cavern is one in which Mr. Boone had, at one time, taken refuge from the Indians. Whilst hiding himself here from his savage foes he occupied himself in carving various fantastic figures on the walls of his underground house, which are 106 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. plainly visible; iu fact, many of the stones were quarried from the walls and placed in the foundations of a mill which is uoav standing near the mouth of the cave, and on which the figures of birds and fishes are yet distinct as if made but yesterday. 1 ' Dr. Potts and some friends, in 1870, determined if possible to explore the cave which gives egress to the stream that drives the Boone mill. Near the mouth of the cave, which is twenty feet wide and ten feet high, the water rushes out with a violent current, and for one hundred and fifty yards was found to be waist deep ; thence for half a mile the stream was smaller a mere tunnel four and a half feet high, where they found interesting water-falls, one ten, another twelve or fourteen feet high; passing these they entered a dry hall-way for nearly a mile, averaging twenty feet wide and sixteen feet high, the sides highly ornamented with snow-white or translucent stalactites, and numerous stalagmites built up from the floor, which in many cases nearly approach the pendants from the roof. Sightless fishes and bats were the ouly observed inhabitants.* The famous Wyandotte Cave is just over the line in Crawford county, and only about twelve or fifteen miles from Corydon, in a due westerly course. It is one of the most remark- able caves yet discovered in this country, the celebra'ed Mammoth Cave of Kentucky perhaps excepted, and is * Squire Bjoue and his cave is referred to again in this sketch. annually visited by hundreds and hundreds of sight-seers and tourists. Geology. — The people of southern Indiana are an agricultural people in their pursuits. Their first care is the soil and climate, and facts pertaining to these are of the first importance. The science of geology is the founda- tion upon which rests the pursuits of a people and the genius of their civili- zation. It is a maxim in geology that the soil and its underlying rocks fore- cast unerringly to the trained eye' the character of the people, and quality of the civilization of those who will, in coming time, occupy a section of country. It is the science of geology that traces the history of the earth back through successive stages of development to its rudimental condi- tion, and "Recent Geology" comprises that succession of changes in its sur- face, which have occurred since the formation of the rock-beds in the bot- tom of the ocean, and their elevation above the surface of that sea. The term recent, then, is relative in its meaning. Although the term, by its phenomena, requires a very long period of time, variously estimated from thousands to millions of years, it is but a point or paragraph in the long years necessary for the prepara- tion and elevation of the underlying rocks. The local geology of Harrison county is thus given : "The alluvial 'bottoms 1 or valleys along the banks of the rivers and streams are due to causes now in action. Detritus, derived from wear and tear HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 107 of rocks and their disintegration by atmospheric agencies, is seized by each brooklet and rainy day wash, hurried along by brook and river, and by flood- tide deposited along or upon its banks. By a slow current, and at eddies, a close, impervious clay is deposited ; but a stronger current carries in its bosoru sand and vegetable matter, which intermixed with clay forms the loamy soil characteristic of our streams, and famous for the production of fine crops of cereals, vegetables, fruits, etc. The 'bottoms' of this county are of the best, and continually enriched by the annual overflow, are, after a continuous cultivation for nearly one hundred years, without manure, well remuner- ative to the careful husbandman. " The Lacustral epoch succeeds in age that above described. During the great ice age, the drainage of the great valley of this continent was from north to south. Northern areas were at an elevation of several hundred feet above their present level, relative to the ocean surface, and at the same time at a much greater elevation than now, above areas to the south, causing a rapid flow in that direction. At about the close of the glacial epoch, a slow oscillation of the crust of the earth occurred. The region of the great lakes, parts of Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, etc., were slowly and con- tinuously depressed, at a rate so much greater than the southern parts of the country, that it worked a practical obstruction in the outlet of the water- shed. A great fresh water sea resulted, at one time covering the greater part of the interior of the continent, con- nected with outlying lakes by channels and valleys eroded during the pre- ceding period, driven by the wind, but otherwise currentless rivers or bodies of water. " From analogy, unqualified develop- ments elsewhere, and abundant facts easily seen, this region, upon its emer- gence above the sea, was a level plain — uoav traversed by many streams with deep, canon-like beds, but of recent origin, traversing the country from north to south. It is eight to fifteen miles wide, and from two hundred to three hundred feet deep. The eastern bluff is the Knob sand- stone of Floyd county, and the Chester hills in the western part of the county, along Blue river. A fine view, embracing a large part of this valley, can be had at a single glance from the top of Pilot Knob, adjoin- ing Coiydon on the south. Words can hardly express the gratification experienced on ascending this point, as the veil faded away which had mystified so many other visitors and students, disclosing that long vision ki the history of the past. A suc- cession of such sharp, conical 'knobs' or peaks are seen to the northwest and continue to occur beyond the northern boundary of the county, followed by a similar succession to the south-southeast. The great valley, locally known as the ' barrens,' is a nearly level plain. In a wild state, when visited by the Boones and other 108 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. hunter pioneers, it was nearly a typical prairie, exhibiting a few gnarled and scotched shrubs or ' stools,' and covered Avith a luxuriant growth of tall prairie grass, herbs and vines. These were burned after each autumnal frost, pre- venting the growth of trees and per- manent vegetation. The soil is a silicious clay, the subsoil a confused, irregular, disjointed mass of flints, quartz and geodes,f rom ten to forty feet in depth — in some places approaching or covering the surface, so as to prove an obstacle to pleasant agriculture, and at a few points, in such extreme devel- opment as to require their removal and use in building fences, houses, etc. This rubbish is not in natural ' place,' and no such beds occur in this local geological formation, or any other. They are not imported by water or ice ; their origin is local. Looking for their source, we see in the cliffy out- lines of adjoining hills that the mate- rial of this debris is scattered in thin layers, one to fourteen inches in thick- ness, throughout the beds of St. Louis limestone, the plan of which is occu- pied by this valley. Judging from the isolated sections visible there, these layers, gathered from two hundred feet of St. Louis rocks, would just about equal the amount of the remains here left. One cannot but conclude that water, charged with carbonic acid, dissolved and totally removed in a state of solution, the whole of this limestone, rejecting the insoluble silicious material found remaining. This solution is natural, and does not require the erroneous theory of volcanic heat or upheaval. If the water which caused this removal was simply confined rainfall, and without motion, evaporation would have de- veloped great beds of calcic tufa. Such beds do not exist. Theoreti- cally, we may infer that a body of flowing water assisted. This is made certain by the fact that, on ascending- Pilot Knob and similar eminences near the level of the ancient table- land, the extreme summits still exhibit well rounded gravel and more angular coarse sand. These can only result from water in motion, and flowing with considerable rapid- ity — say two to four miles an hour. The north and northwestern sides of the hills and knobs, as a rule, are precipitous, as if roughly beaten by a current, while in every case a pro- nounced talus stretches out to the south - southwestwardly. All these definitely assert the existence of a pre-glacial river of great volume, flowing with some current, probably slow ; to the southeast. This valley, followed to the south, at present shows little or no fall in that direc- tion ; but Avith due alloAvance for the more rapid subsidence of northern areas, it is at once apparent that in the long past there was a time when this, as Avell as other rivers of Indi- ana and the north Avest, which once flowed to the south, could and Avould be obstructed and be compelled to find new outlets of discharges. "Ignoring the bed of the recent HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 109 Ohio river, this valley crosses that stream between Brandenburg and Westport at an elevation of two hun- dred and fifty to three hundred feet above low water, passed by a wide channel, now tilted up near Eliza- bethtown, Ky., into the beautiful Nolin valley, and that of Nolin creek to the Green river, accounting for the unusual bottoms of the latter, thus finally reaching the present Ohio river through Jefferson county. Below this point of junction, as well as above New Albany, the Ohio val- ley is from one to five miles, with well-rounded, gently-sloping bluffs, as naturally occurs by exposure to the elements of a very great length of time. Between these points, along the southern line of Harrison, Craw- ford and Perry counties, the bottoms, exclusive of the river itself, range from nothing to a quarter of a mile in width, while the bluffs, from two hundred to five hundred feet in height, boldly approach the water's edge ; as a rule precipitous or very steeply inclined, and formed of lime- stone, which, by action of the atmosphere, is quickly sloped or rounded. They very strongly indi- cate the recent origin of the present Ohio river. On the other hand, the well - rounded and gently - sloping bluffs of the supposed pre-glacial A r alley, as strongly demonstrate the extreme antiquity of this phenome- non. # * -K- * * "Commencing with the highest and most recent rocky deposit in the western side of the county, are beds of bituminous or pyritous shales marking the place of coal A, the lowest coal seam in this State, capped by a few feet of conglomerate sand- rock named 'millstone grit' by the English geologists. It is so near the rim of the basin that, as is always the case, it is here barren — without coal. This horizon is remarkable for the abundance of well-preserved stems and fruits characteristic of the coal measures. No other point in this State offers a more interesting study than Keller's hill southwest of Corydon, and thence westerly to the Blue river. It is, perhaps, unneces- sary to say that no workable seams of coal exist in this county, and search in that direction will prove fruitless. * * On the farm of Rev. Jacob Keller is an outcrop of the lower coal measures and Ches- ter beds, of great interest. The fol- lowing section includes the space by barometric measurement to the level of the creek at Corydon, four and a half miles east : Loess soil, - - - 2 feet. Conglomerate sand rock, - 10 " Dark carbonaceous shale, place of coal A, - -20 " Heavy grit stone, - - 15 " Soft sandstone, - - 7 " Blue Kaskaskia limestone, with Chester fossils, - 25 " Argillaceous limestone, with chert, - - - 15 " White limestone, - 6 " 110 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Slope to sink, - - 20 feet. Space by barometer to creek at Corydon, - - 240 " 360 " "Mr. Ezra Keller baa gathered at this locality, which is wondrously ricb, a remarkable collection of coal measure fossils, including great trunks of Lepidodendron, forked strangely strangulated, from two to tAvo and a balf feet in diameter, but short and stumpy, as if of such weak or her- baceous growth as to forbid tall erect stature; Stigmaria, of different species; Knorria, with ferns and fruit-like seeds of coal -measure plants, a stony herbarium of the age of coal. The coal - measure strata continue west, increasing with the dip in thickness in a great trough to Blue river. The following section is at Rothrock's cliff, Blue river : Soil and fluviatile drift - 60 feet. Laminated soapstone - - 14 " Massive quarry sandstone, con- glomerate - - - 8 " Soft ferruginous sandstone -11" Place of Coal A - - " Shale and tire-clay - - 7 " Chester limestone and silicious shales - - - 120 " St. Louis limestone, covered to Blue river 180 400 "The massive sand rock is easily quarried, breaking in great cubes, as if out by hand, from 2 to 8 feet square ami larger, and from evidence of exposure, is of unlimited endur- ance. As a grit stone it is first-rate, and should command the attention of manufacturers desiring very large grindstones. Beds of excellent pav- ing stones are exposed in the litho- graphic member of the Chester group.' 1 Building Stone. — The mineral re. sources of Harrison county are equal if not superior, to any county in southern Indiana. One of its great staples, and which must continue to increase in value, is building stone. It exists in the county in every variety, comprising the ornamental as well as those of sterling useful quali- ties. The " buff calcareo-magnesian beds,' 1 at New Salisbury, have been worked at intervals for many years, and were mentioned prominently by Dr. David Dale Owen, in the first geological report of the State. The color is a subdued, neutral tint. Directly from the quarry it is soft, and may be hewn with a broad-ax or cut with a common saw, but on exposure to the air becomes hard. Samples seen in the old Capitol at Corydon, and in use as door-sills and steps to residences, show the satis- factory hardness and endurance of this stone after sixty years' exposure and use. The well defined, creamy buff tint will, by harmony as well as contrast, be found desirable for orna- mental work in artistic edifices. The light-gray limestone at King's Cave quarry, and many other points in the county, is practically, as well as. HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Ill geologically, equivalent to the famous quarries at Salem, Bedford, Blooming- ton, etc. It is an elastic, compact, homogeneous limestone, capable of sustaining heavy burdens, and from the boldly escarped bluffs and expo- sure, known to absolutely resist for ages the action of the elements. When unlimited facilities for transportation exist, this stone, equal to the best heretofore offered in the market, will meet a good demand. The snow-white oolitic limestone has been opened at the Stockslager quarry, near Mauckport, although it occurs in thinner ledges in other parts of the county. A chemical precipitate from an aqueous solution, it is of almost perfect purity. In color it is more brightly white than marble. It is susceptible of a high polish, and the egg-like concretions add a signal beauty and variety to the peculiar structure. In color, beauty and uniformity it is unique, and is believed to be unsur- passed, if not unrivaled. Tested scientificall}', it was found to weigh nearly 150 pounds per cubic foot, and to have a crushing strength per square inch of 10,250 pounds, or more than eighteen times as strong as good bricks. When burned, it yields pure white lime, a superior article for plastering, whitewashing, etc. It works cool under the trowel, giving ample time for ornamental finish. On account of its purity, it is in good demand for defecating sugar and other chemical purposes on the lower Mississippi river. At ordinary stone quarries, spawls and broken debris are a serious and costly encumbrance; here, even- rejected fragment is in demand for calcination and adds to the value of the quarry, and almost insures profit- able results to operators. A dark-gray limestone is seen just below the mouth of Mosquito creek, near the extreme southern promontory of the county. It is homogeneous, massive, and shows in solid stratum of limestone, so much resembling granite in external appearance ; from indica- tions on the outcrop, it is almost equal to granite in strength and endurance. This stone deserves the careful atten- tion of engineers having in charge the construction of piers, walls and foun- dations exposed to ice, floods and surging ocean waves.* When burned, it makes a strong white lime. The sandstones of the Chester group cap the hills in the western and south- western parts of the county. The massive beds which crop out on the bluffs of the Blue river and the Ohio river in Washington and Scott town- ships, where undermined, sometimes break off and dash down the steep bluffs, especially in the spring when the thawing frost renders underlying rocks weak and yielding. Many of the fallen masses still re- tain their sharp, well-cut angles, although the surroundings indicate an exposure to storm and ice for centu- ries. It is a choice stone for exposed foundations, frost and water-proof. A good grit stone, large sized grind- * Prof. E. T. Cox. 112 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. stones, four to five feet in diameter were obtained from Rhodes' quarry, on Blue river, and used in manufac- tories in Louisville, Ky., and were found to be first-class. Li inc. — Of course where so much limestone exists, the manufacture of lime follows as a natural consequence. Lime has been burned in Harrison county, in almost every part of it, from its earliest settlement, by log heap and other primitive methods, as well as by the more modern kilns. Years ago, when flatboats carried the commerce of the West to New Orleans, kilns for the calcining of the white oolitic stone lined the banks of the Ohio aud Blue rivers, wherever that stone was obtainable along those streams; from which the burned lime was shipped as "Blue River Lime," on flatboats to the Southern planters and merchants. The trade, stopped by the late civil war, has never been revived. The lime is good ; none other in the valley of the West sur- passes it, and only capital and enter- prise is needed to put it on the mar- ket, and make it a vast source of wealth to the county. The immense beds of highly bitum- inous shaly limestone, exposed in the bluffs reaching across the great bend of the Ohio river from Brown's Land- ing to Cedar Grove, are inexhaustible. This stratum is here thirty to forty feet thick, and at localities on the river bank, so situated that cartage and elevators are unnecessary ; all the costly and heavy work may be chiefly done by downcasts. Glass Sand. — Glaze's Landing, some fifteen miles southeast of Corydon is noted as the place from which most of the white sand is shipped for the New Albany Plate Glass Works. * * * * Glass sand occurs here as else- Avhere in the county, as well as north in Floyd county, and south across the State of Kentucky in separate deposits or basins along the east or west bank of the depression, provisionally named the pre-glacial river bed. This depres- sion trends, in this county, by a gentle curvature, and the sand banks are at the most easterly or eddy point of the curve, and just in the eastern edge of the "Flat Woods" flood plain of the supposed river. Just what connection their existence had with that river, is not clearly seen, but their peculiar location in reference to it, and the fact that in the lower beds of sand and kaolin clays beneath it are fossils which had their origin to the north, it seems at least probable, if not reason- ably certain, that the current of water,, which deposited them, flowed from the north of Washington aud Floyd counties, with no great current, but in great volume. The deposits, com- mencing two miles south of Bridge- port, are in regular series, though var- iable iu extent, down to near the extreme southern extremity of the county, near the mouth of Mosquito creek, or twelve miles long by a half to one mile Avide and 400 to 450 feet above the Ohio river. In this vicinity HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Ill it lies upon. Keokuk rocks, further north on a St. Louis bed, and at one point in Kentucky it caps the Chester hills ; in the beds and under them are found pieces of chert and silicified fossils from each one of the groups. At Capt. Lawson's mine, owned by W. C. DePauw, Esq., proprietor of the New Albany Glass Works, the sand is coarse, in massive strata of rough sandstone, with somewhat reg- ular layers, but generally striated by false bedding; from the bottom of the pits fine specimens of white and yellow kaolin (Indianaite) were obtained. * * * * After disturbance by quarrying, a slight exposure causes the stone to disintegrate. It is then washed, or rather wetted, and thrown on a plat- form to drain, which removes all the iron coloring matter, and the snow- white product is ready for market. Capt, Knight, who has worked these mines for eight years, says that at two of them he found streaks of black magnetic sand carrying fine gold dust in the bottom layers. * * * * Glass sand has been opened and a few boat-loads shipped from the land of Lydia Peters and R. Krow, in the south-east part of the county. Beneath the sand, kaolin was here found as white as snow. In the flat prairie area to the east, is a large extent of red, yellow and green kaolin in persistent beds two to three feet thick, which would be of immense value if free from coloring matter, and eminently adapted to the manufacture of ordinary pottery, ornamental terra cotta and tile products. * * * * In the northwest corner of the county, glass sand is found. It is an excellent quality of white sand and is extensively used in the works at New Albany. Similar beds of sand are found along the whole of the eastern edge of the black mucky regiou, locally known as the "Flat Woods." The beds are not continuous, but in pockets, and are not restricted to the Indiana side of the Ohio river, but, where reported or ob- served, extended along the equivalent ancient depression across the State of Kentucky in the direction of Nolin Valley and Nolin Fork of the Green river. In many places it is a massive rock, with much stratification and false bedding; ordinarily by exposure, it has passed from this condition to that of loose sand. Natural Gas. — Harrison county lies iu the natural gas area, of which the north side of Mead county, Ky., seems to be the center. The existence of natural gas here was known long before the present excitement arose. Prof. Cox speaks of it thus : "The gas flow, a mile below Eversol's, and half a mile above Rosewood post office, on Capt, Strong's land, is pecu- liar and of importance. All along the Ohio river, for a space of half a mile or more, whenever the water is not more than two to ten feet deep, bubbles may be seen hurrying upward. Near the edge of the river, it pushes its way through the muddy deposit with a restless motion ; in deeper 114 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. water the discharge is greater ; a con- tinuous flow of large or small bubbles, and at places, in time of low water, in sufficient volume and force to give a rocking motion to a skiff, and in some instances threatening to overturn it. On the shore line, small springs, with gas, break out. Confined in a tube or clay chimney, the gas is often gathered and ignited ; these jets burn night and day until extinguished by wind, storm or overflow, like the Gheber's holy light in the sun wor- shipper's land of fire, exciting the fear of boatmen, who could only wonder at a 'hole on fire.' It is a very pure carburetted hydrogen, burning with a white flame of hiarh illuminating power and evolving great heat. The flow of gas is not confined to the river bed alone. In time of high water the ebullition of gas is noticed in the back water over the low lands, and is traced by the gas well near Buena Vista in a southwesterly direction across the country by Boone's land- ing, to a similar phenomenon in the bed of the river, and at the gas -salt works at Brandenburg, Ky. "An imaginary line has been drawn across the country, connecting the points enclosing the probable area over which gas may be found by boring from 500 to 800 feet, and accompanying the gas will be a flow of salt water, but it must not be expected that a good supply of either will be found in every bore that may be made in the area. Tin's supply of gas, of inestimable value as a fuel for evaporating salt brine, generating steam and other economic purposes, sufficient to propel the machinery of and illuminate the streets and dwell- ings of a city, is now suffered to go to waste. * * Returning: to Boone's Landing on the Ohio river, the line of 'gas springs', the ebullition of which has been mentioned in the bed of the river, a short distance above Rosewood post office, and which was found in the oil well near Buena Vista, is again noticed, entering the river a short distance below Tobacco Landing, and trending obliquely to the southwest, until, at Morvin, the phenomena of the bubbling gas was seen from the Indiana shore to the Brandenburg wharf. * The immense amount of this gas, and the possibility of its economical use for "illuminating, heating, cooking, and steam purposes, induced a visit to Brandenburg, on the Kentucky side of the river. Immediately ad- joining the town, and thence east to Doe Run, eight wells are reported as having been bored to depths ranging from 478 to 800 feet, and from seven of them, gas and salt water were dis- charged ; iu more than half of them the gas was in considerable quantity, and in at least two of them the brine was strong and in reasonable quantity." Since the foregoing was written by Prof. Cox, the gas area has been great- ly developed, both in Harrison county, Indiana, and in Meade county, Ken- tucky. There is now nearly 30,000,- 000 cubic feet of gas flowing daily, HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 115 and which, so far, has gone to waste. There is, however, a company formed to pipe it to Louisville, and doubtless, March 1st, 1889, will witness Louis- ville and New Albany supplied with natural ens, both for illuminating and heating purposes. The absence of coal in this county should make natu- ral gas more valuable as fuel, and its close proximity to the county seat, it seems, should render it cheaper fuel than any other to be had in the town. Agricultural Features. — Harrison county, notwithstanding its irregular and somewhat broken surface, is one of the finest agricultural counties in southern Indiana. In a state of nature it offered features that fairly invited the early pioneer. To the brave hunter it was a land of wild ple»ty. Large game was abundant. The flesh and skins fed and clothed, and, as currency, supplied every want. The fertile bottoms, ''tickled with a hoe, smiled a harvest." The barrens, almost prairies in contour and free- dom from trees, clothed in a luxuriant coat of grass, gave abundant pasture and forage without labor, except the gathering. Wild fruits, as the plums, grapes, haws and persimmons, wal- nuts, hickory nuts and chestnuts, were everywhere abundant. No wonder it was deemed a second paradise by the fathers of the State. Three-quarters of a century's cultivation, however, has robbed the soil of its virgin fer- tility, and it now needs artificial means to make it produce bountifully. The river and creek bottoms, consist- ing of deep alluvial loam, annually recruited by spring overflows, still produce excellent crops, but the up- lands require considerable fertilizing to pay the husbandman for cultivation. An estimate by a well informed agri- culturalist places the annual return per acre from the better land as fol- lows : Corn, forty bushels, at forty cents per bushel, - - % 16.00 Wheat, twenty-two bushels, at one dollar per bushel, - 22.00 Ha\ , two tons, at fifteen dollars per ton, - - - 30.00 Potatoes, one hundred and fifty bushels, at seventy-five cents per bushel, - - - 112.50 Cabbages, fifteen hundred heads, at five cents a head, 75.00 On the uplands the yield is less satisfactory, and by the same author- ity is estimated as follows : Corn, twenty bushels, at forty cents per bushel, - - $8.00 Wheat, eight bushels, at one dollar per bushel, - - 8.00 Potatoes, 100 bushels, at sev- enty-five cents per bushel, 75.00 Hay, one ton, at fifteen dollars per ton, - - - 15.00 The agricultural report of 1880, gave the county 2,760 cultivated farms; 169,552 acres of improved lauds, valued at $4,346,411. It also shows the following productions for that year : Corn, 553,098 bushels ; oats, 84,641 bushels; wheat, 350,671 bushels; orchard products, 46,739 bar- rels ; Irish potatoes, 76,600 bushels. 116 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Value of live stock, $492,976 ; esti- mated value of farm products, J^7S5,- 709. "A few experiments with bone dust showed that to be a sure source of relief, on the exhausted uplands. After a continued use for several years, this fertilizer is found to nearly double the crop of corn, wheat or grass, and leave in the ground the elements, in part, of other crops- Several bone mills are established in the county, and large quantities of bone dust are brought into the county from the mills at New Albany and Louisville. Bone dust is applied at the rate of one hundred and twenty- five to two hundred and fifty pounds per acre. A careful estimate of its benefits by a thoughtful farmer give* the following showing : In the fall of 1877 there was bought and applied to the wheat crop an aggregate of 3,330 tons, costing' $30 per ton, or nearly $100,000. This was applied to 33,300 acres of wheat ; with the low estimate of an increase of four bushels of wheat per acre we find the farmers who applied the bone dust have an aggregate net profit of over $33,000. With such results, it is apparent that the use of such fertili- zers will pay and should be encour- aged. It may not be improper to suggest that the use of commercial manures, when farm products bring no higher prices than they do in this county, should be only a tempo- rary expedient. A farm should be self-sustaining. As soon as the fer- tility of the soil is partly restored. attention should be given to the cul- ture of clover and the grasses, by which, with a fair rotation of crops, the fertility of the soil may be indefi- nitely sustained. Blue grass and tim- othy, which succeed so well in the center of the State, fail in parts of this county by reason of the drouth and hot sunshine. Experience in southern Indiana, Kentucky and Ten- nessee, has shown that orchard grass, when closely seeded, will withstand drouth in partly shaded ground or open fields far better than any grass above mentioned; that when a drouth of four or five weeks would cause the blue grass to wilt and dry crisp, the orchard grass would be comparatively green and luxuriant. The advantages of this over other grasses are : 'It can be grazed two weeks earlier in the spring; its fattening qualities are equal or superior; it affords more grazing or hay to the acre ; in summer it will grow more in a day than blue o'i'ass will in a week, five or six days being generally sufficient for a good bite; it makes a permanent sward for pasturage or hay, and does not run out.' A field on the Blue river, as an example, has furnished good pasture for twenty-five years, and in adjoining States, fields of orchard grass have been continuously pastured or mowed for forty years."* The earliest settlers of Harrison county planted apple trees ; many old apple trees may be seen from two to two and a half feet in diameter. The •Prof. Cox. HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 117 descendants of the pioneer's have kept up the practice until nearly every farm has its orchard of well selected varieties. The apples are highly colored, well ripened, and the crop usually exceeds the demand. On the elevated table lands and "flat woods" district, the apple crop is usually very large, and rarely fails. Peaches bear very well, but are not so sure a crop as apples. Of late years considerable attention has been paid to small fruits with good results, also to grape cul- ture. Harrison's Valley. — The most fer- tile portion, perhaps, of the county is what is known as "Harrison's Valley, 1 ' west of Corydon. It derives its name from Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison, the Governor of the Indiana Territory, grandfather of the present President, and former owner of it. Every locality and plat of the rich area calls up some historic reminiscence of its original owner ; one plat being known as the "Governor's held," another as the " General's meadow, " etc. The valley is almost a grand amphitheatre walled by limestone hills, wrought by time into a gentle slope. In the mid- dle of the level central area is a basin rimmed with a . natural stone Avail,, scarce two feet high, filled with pure clear water. The ebullition in the center of the basin shows in ordinary times a great flow of water. In flood times a furious torrent, ten to fifteen feet in diameter, rolls up three to six- feet above the surface level, and flows in a wondrous river one hundred feet wide, and ten to fifteen deep. Even in seasons of protracted drought, the flow is reported as a constant stream, thirty feet wide and eight inches deep. From the spring to the Blue river, a few hundred yards distant, there is a fall of eight feet, and the power is used to run a saw mill. In the earliest times a distillery was located near the great fountain. Says an enthusiastic writer : " Interesting and beautiful as the valley is, and no tourist has seen America without seeing this spring, it was far more beautiful and attractive robed in nature's garb of forest, vines and sward ; a favorite resting place to the mystery-loving savages, it at once attracted the attention of the pioneer- General, from economic, as well as other reasons. Mills were a necessity, and to insure a rapid influx of friends and defenders, for every man and woman must be at once farmer and soldier, mills must be erected at such localities, where they could be built quickly and at the least expense, so the Governor secured the valley, and in 1805-6 erected a mill, and employed himself between campaigns, as a farmer and actual miller. Persons now living in the vicinity remember, when boys, being sent to mill on horseback with a sack of corn or wheat, which Gen. Harrison would receive with his own hands and carry to the hopper. The General's old residence is gone ; it has disappeared under the decaying hand of time. Only a few shrubs and 118 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. trees remain to mark the spot. The orchard, planted by the hand of the American Cincinnatus, survives, and though somewhat scarred by the flight of years, is still vigorous in growth and fruitage. The trees, now verging on to a century, are thrifty, and some of them nearly three feet in diameter at the ground. We shall have more to say of Gen. Harrison in these pages. Early Settlement. — The settle- ment of Harrison county by white peo- pie dates back to the beginning of the present century. No special impor- tance attached to the section until the capital of the territory was removed to Corydon. Hitherto, its settlement progressed slowly, much as in other portions of southern Indiana, but with the location of the capital within its limits an influx of immigration set in such as before unknown. A large proportion of the early settlers were from Virginia and North Carolina, with a few from Tennessee and Ken- tucky. A little curious as to the motive which set journying hither so many people from the States south of the Ohio, investigation develops the fact that with many it was for the purpose of escaping what is termed the " curse of caste." Indiana was a territory reposing under the provisions of the famous ordinance of 1787. Not a few of the pioneers have left their record that they sought homes here because the land would never be blemished by negro slavery, and civil and social dis- tinctions be yielded only to those who owned " niggers." Some of the early settlers brought negroes with them but not as slaves, or, if as slaves, they soon freed them in compliance with the ordinance above alluded to. Much the larger portion of the early settlers, however, were such as did not nor would not own slaves. They were mostly poor in worldly wealth, but rich in possibilities. They were ready to endure all the privations of a new country if a home, free and untram- meled, was the result of their toil. Among the early settlers of the county whose names have been rescued from oblivion are : "first in war, first in peace and first in the hearts his countrymen,'' Gen. William Henry Harrison ; and Gen. Thomas Posey, Jonathan Jennings, Squire Boone and his sons Isaiah, Enoch, Moses and Jonathan, and five nephews ; Henry Heth, William Branham, Thos. Smith, Laurence Black, John Hickman, Isaac Bichardsou, Bobert Long, Wm. Pen- nington, Laurence Bell, Wm. Sands, Benijah Brown, Christopher Fort, Pat- rick Shields, John G. Pfriener, George F. Pope, John Keller, Capt. Brice, Peter Copperas, Spier Spencer, Dennis Pennington, John Smith, William Nance, George Gresham, George Crutchfleld, Henry Bice, Beuben Wright, Jacob Conrad, Eli Wright, William Vest, Isaac V. Buskirk, James Shields, Pearce Chamberlain, Jos. Decker, Sanford Bansdall, Bobert Cochran, Sack Pennington,. George Given, Edward Smith, Richard McMa- hon, Andrew Johnson, John Dawson, HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 119 Paul French, Benjamin Brown, Jacob Richardson, Hays McCallen, Edward Ransdall, Bennett Wood, Joseph Latta, Peter McMickle, Richard Arnold, Jas. Stephens, Ignatius Abel, John Stur- geon, Jacob Yountzler, Joseph Nelow, Robt. Rusk, Geo. Tenor, John Harbi- son, Henry Wireau, Wm. Liedley, John Hurst, George Arnold, Jos. Mack- field, Jacob Miller, John Beck, Tice Light, etc., etc. Many other names might be given, but these are deemed sufficient to show who were the pio- neers. Many of them still have descendants in the county. Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was the most prominent citizen of Harrison county, and one of the eminent men of the Union. He was born in Charles county, Va., February 9, 1773, and was a son of Benjamin Harrison, a man of considerable prominence in Virginia affairs ; Speaker of the House of Burgesses in 1764 and 1777-82 ; a member of the general Congress 1774- 77 ; one of the signers of the Declara- tion of Independence and Governor of Virginia 1782-85. William Henry received a liberal education, graduating from Hampden -Sidney college, which he had entered with a view of adopt, ing the medical profession. In 1791 he became an ensign in the army, and the next year a lieutenant on Gen. AVaynes's staff. He was promoted captain in 1795 and made command- ant of Fort Washington, now Cinein- natti. In 1797-98 he served as secre- tary of the Northwest Territory, although but a few years past his majority, and in 1799 was its delegate in the Congress of the United States. He was Governor of the Indiana terri- tory from 1801 to 1813, and superin- tendent of Indian affairs, and as such, concluded thirteen important treaties and gained the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811. Kentucky made him Major General of her militia in 1812, while the Federal Government made him a Brigadier General in the regular army, and the next year (181 3) made him a Major General, and as such he won great renown in the defense of Fort Meigs and the battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813. He left the army in 1814 and was employed by the government in Indian affairs until 1816 when he was elected a member of Congress from Ohio, hav- ing removed to that State, serving until 1819, and State Senator two years from that date; in 1825 he was elected to the United States Senate. He was United States Minister to Columbia in 1828-29, after which he retired to his farm at North Bend, Ohio, sixteen miles below Cincinnati ; and Cincinnatus-like betook himself to his plow. He was elected to the Presidency in 1840, over Martin Van Buren, receiving 234 electoral votes to Mr. Van Buren's sixty. The election was one of the most exciting ever held in the Republic up to that time. The battle-cry of " Log Cabin and Hard Cider," referring to statements of his adversaries as to his home and his favor- ite beverage, were effectively used by the Whigs, the party to which the Gen- 120 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. eral belonged, and carried him to an overwhelming victory. These are some of the public services of General Harri- son ; and the fact that he is the grand- father of the present President detracts nothing from his name or fame. He died on the 4th of April, 1841, just one month from the day of his inau- guration as President, Many local incidents of the life of Gen. Harrison are given in Harrison county, which was named for him, showing how absolutely he was a man of the people. Gen. Posey and Gov. Jennings were not permanent citizens of the county, but merely residents during their offi- cial careers. Their history can scarcely be said to belong in the history of Harrison county. They were men of intelligence and patriotism, and the virtues of each are perpetuated by a county in the State, bearing their names. The following publication in a newspaper in October, 1888, refer- ring to Gov. Jennings, should find an echo in every patriotic heart, and is not out of place in this sketch : "At the next session of the Indiana Legislature a vigorous effort will be made to have the Assembly pass an act appropriating a sufficient amount of money to erect a suitable monument over the grave of Jonathan Jennings, the first Governor of the State. The body now lies interred in an aban- doned little graveyard at Charlestown without stone or slab to indicate the location. The mound has lon°; since disappeared, and it is hardly probable that there is any one now living who can point out the exact spot wdiere the bones of the first executive of one of the chief States in the Union now lie. At one time, the cemetery was little better than an open commons, and hogs, cattle and fowls roamed at will over the grounds. Of late years a fence has been placed around the place and the weeds kept in bounds. Al- though the spot at jiresent but little resembles a home of the dead, it is still kept sacred, and but few people are allowed to sojourn in the town any length of time without being reminded that Gov. Jennings lies buried there. Many efforts have been made to obtain, by private subscription, the needed funds to erect a marble shaft, but nothing ever resulted from the attempts. It is not expected that any costly pillar wMl be placed at the head of the grave, but it is thought that the State should have sufficient pride to expend a few hundred dollars .for the purpose. If this is not done, in the course of a few generations it will not be known to the general mass of people of the State, who the first Governor of it was. As it is, at the present, there are thousands of persons who could not answer the question if it was propounded to them, or tell where his remains are interred. Gov. Jennings has been dead fifty- four years, and with the death of each pioneer his memory passes that far out of recollection. Besides holding the highest office of the State, Gov. Jen- nings w r as Grand Master of the Order of Free Masons, from October, 1823, HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 121 to October, 1826, and it lias recently been suggested that this fraternity should use its influence to carry out the contemplated action." JONATHAN JENNINGS, Gov- ernor of Indiana, was born near Hun- terdon, New Jersey. He received an academic education and removed to the Northwest Territory late in the last century. "When the Territory of Indiana was organized he became the first delegate, taking his seat after some opposition. He was three times elected, and when Indiana became a State he was its first Governor. In this office he served for six years, also acting as Indiana Commissioner in 1818, by appointment of President Monroe. At the conclusion of his term as Governor he was elected Rep- resentative in Congress, and was re-chosen for four terms in succession. He was nearly all his life in public office, and filled his places acceptably. He died near Charlestown, July 26, 1834. Squire Boone, who emigrated from Kentucky to Harrison county, in 1806, with his sous, Isaiah, Enoch, Moses and Jonathan, and five nephews, formed a settlement known as "Boone's settlement," in what is now Boone township. For years he lived a quiet life in this retired locality, hunting and enjoying himself in his favorite pastime. "When he died, he was buried in a cave in this county, reference to which has already been made in these pages. The name of Boone is so interwoven with the his- tory of Kentucky, that even the sur- rounding states seem to gather luster from the name. Others of the early settlers of the county were more or less prominent men in its early history. Spier Spen- cer, the first Sheriff, held other impor- tant positions, and was Captain of a company in the battle of Tippecanoe, where he was killed. Geo. F. Pope was the first clerk of the common pleas court, and Moses Boone was one of the Judges of the same court, etc., etc. Slavery. — The Indiana Territory, as has already been stated, was organ- ized under the ordinance of 1787, which prohibited the introduction of slavery into any of the domains of the Northwest Territory, and as we have seen, many of the early settlers came here to escape the evils of negro slavery. Some few, however, brought negroes with them, and if slaves, at once took steps to liberate or emanci- pate them. The old court records are encumbered with many entries on the subject, which no doubt will be of interest to the reader of to-day. The following, under date of January 14, 1809, will serve as a sample. "This day, John Smith and a negro man named Jacob Ferrell, aged about thirty-four years, and lately held by the said John Smith in the State of North Carolina as a slave, came before me, Clement Nance, Clerk pro tern of the Court of Common Pleas of the county of Harrison, and it is agreed, by and between the said John Smith 122 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. and the said Jacob Ferrell, that the said Jacob Ferrell is to serve the said John Smith, his heirs, etc., from the date hereof, until the 14th day of January, 1822, and as a compensation for such services the said John Smith engages to give unto the said Jacob Ferrell on demand one gray mare four years old, named "Til," and a red cow with a white face, as prescribed by a law of this territory, entitled an act concerning the introduction of negroes and mulattoes into this territory.'" "Attest: Clement Nance." "Know all men by these presents, that I, Clement Nance, of Harrison county, Indiana Territory, do this day make the following statement and commit to record in the Clerk's office of said county, to- wit : In the year 1799, when I was an inhabitant of Pittsylvania county, Virginia, for and in consideration of the sum of $200 to me in hand paid by a certain negro man named "Will," as a compensation to me for the service I was entitled to receive from him as a slave, and that I did then and there emancipate or set free the said negro, Will, who has ever since enjoyed the blessings of freedom, and the said negro man is no resident in this territory. I do by these presents confirm and establish his emancipation. "Witness my hand and seal this 10th day of May, 1809." "Clement Nance." Indiana Territory, ) ^ M Harrison county. ) ° "This day Clement Nance came personally before me, Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas for said county, and acknowledged and deliv- ered the within instrument of writ- ing to be his act and deed. Where- fore I have admitted the same to record in my office." "Geo. F. Pope, Clerk." Act of Assembly. — It has been said that the native American mind tends toward self-government as naturally as the babe turns to the maternal font for nourishment. The early organiza- tion of Harrison county, when the entire Territory of Indiana had but a few thousand population and but two counties, is proof of that proposition. It was the third county formed, and came into existence during the Terri- torial period. Following is the act of the Legislature creatine: it : An Act to Form a new County out of the Counties of Knox and Clark. 1. Be it enacted by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of December next, all that part of the Counties of Knox and Clark, which is included in the following boundaries, shall form and constitute a new county, that is to say: Begin- ning at the point on the river Ohio, Avhere the meridian line from which the ranges take number, strikes the same; thence due north to the present Indiana boundary line ; thence with HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 123 the said boundary line to the intersec- tion of the same, by the line which divides the fourth and fifth ranges east ; thence with the latter to the above mentioned boundary line, be- tween the Jeffersonville and Vincennes districts, and with the same to the intersection of the line dividing the fifth and the sixth ranges ; thence with the said range line until it strikes the Ohio river, and thence down the same, with the meanders thereof to the place of beginning. 2. Beit further enacted, That the said county shall, from and after the said first day of December next, be known and designated by the name and style of the County of Harrison, and it shall enjoy all the rights, privi- leges and jurisdictions, which to a separate county do or may properly appertain and belong: Provided always, That all suits, pleas, plaints, actions and proceedings, which may, before the said first day of December, have been commenced, instituted and depending within the now counties of Knox and Clark, shall be prosecuted to final judgment and effect in the same manner as if this act had never been passed. And provided also, That the Territorial and county levies or taxes, which are now due within the bounds of the said new county, shall be collected and paid in the same manner, and by the same officers, as tluy would have been if the erection of said new county had not taken place. '4. Be it further enacted, That the pages of the General Court, or some one or more of them, shall hold a Circuit Court in the said county on the last Monday of May, annually; and that the terms of the Common Pleas of the said county, wherein business of a civil and criminal nature is trans- acted, shall be at the following annual periods, to-wit : On the second Wednesdays of January and May, and the third Wednesday of Septem- ber ; and the three other annual ses- sions thereof, which are intended by law for county purposes, at the fol- lowing periods, to-wit : On the second Wednesdays of March, July and November. 4. And be it further enacted, That in compliance Avith the wishes of -the good people within the bounds of the said new county, the said seat of justice, thereof, shall be and is hereby at the town of Corydon. Jesse B. Thom is, Speaker, House of Representatives. John Kick Jones, President of the Legislative Council. Approved, October 11, 1808. William Henry Harrison. The Oownty Organized. — The county was formally organized under the above act, and the municipal machinery duly set in motion. The first term of the Court of Common Pleas was held in 1809. The first page of the record is gone, and on the second page* the first entry is : "Spier Spencer produced a commission from the Governor of the Territory, appoint- 124 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. ins; him Sheriff for the said county." Moses Boone was sworn in as the third Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. The first grand jury impaneled in the county was sworn in as follows : Dennis Pennington, foreman, and John Smith, Wm. Nance, George Gresham, Reuben Wright, Tice Light, Henry Rice, Geo. Crutchfield, John Livanks, Jacob Conrad, Eli Wright, Wm.Vest, Edward Smith, Lawrence Black, John Smith, Sr., William Branham, Isaac Richardson, John Hickman, Lawrence Bell, AVilliam Pennington and William Sands. As the records quaintly note it, " were sworn as a Grand Jury for the United States, in and for the body of the County of Harrison, and having received their charge from Thos. Ran- dolph, Attorney-General for the Indiana Territory, retired from the bar to con- sult of and make up their presentments and indictments." Three indictments Avere returned by the grand jury, to-wit : One against Benijah Brown, and Polly his wife, for living together as man and wife, when each had a wife and husband living ; also against James Bruce for " firing the woods ;" also against Christopher Fort and Phcebe Elder for living together in adultery. Whereupon, the grand jury having nothing further to present, were dis- charged. At the April term of court, there were present, Patrick Shields, John G. Pfreiner and Moses Boone, judges. The first thing done at this term was ordering the county levy as follows : To James Shields, for build- ing a jail, - - $200.00 " James Shields, for clearing public grounds^ - 29.75 " Philip Bell, for a wolf scalp, - - - .75 " John Smith, ■ for a wolf scalp, ... .75 " John Smith, for two wolf scalps, - - - 1.50 " Mrs. Branham, per acc't, 3.25 " Geo. T. Pope, clerk, for i iffice services, - - 30.00 " Lane, per account, - 1-4.50 " Spier Spencer, for extra office service, 50.00 1330.50 By county levy, $409.20 " Sheriff's commission for collecting, - 32.56i It was ordered that the sheriff of Harrison county collect agreeable to law, etc. On each horse, mare, etc., above three years old a tax of fifty cents was levied ; on each " stud horse" the rates of the season; on each ferry, except Geo. Doup's, four dol- lars — on Geo. Doup's ferry two dol- lars ; on each tavern licensed four dollars ; on each $100 laud valuation ten dollars. It was ordered that taverns be rated as follows : For each one quart of whiskey, 37£ cents ; for each one quart of "bounce," 37i cents ; for each one quart of brandy, (French,) 50 cents ; for each, one quart of brandy, (peach), 37£ cents ; for each one pint of bounce, HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 125 25 cents ; for each one pine of brandy, (French), 25 cents ; for each one pint of brandy, (peach), 18f cents ; for each one-half pint of brandy, (French), — - cents ; for each one-half pint of brandy, (peach), 12A cents; for a breakfast, dinner and supper, each 25 cents; for cold breakfast, dinner and supper, each lOf cents ; horse, one night stabling and hay, 25 cents; for feed of grain, per gallon, 12 J cents; lodging, per night, 12i- cents. The following appears at this term of the court : George T. Pope, as clerk Of the Court of Common Pleas, for Harrison county, with John Har- bison and Dennis Pennington as seem'ities, entered into bond in the penalty of $1000, payable to the. Gov- ernor of the Indiana Territory, etc. Some of the entries in the quaint old court records sound a little amus- ing to us at this day, with four-score years resting on them. The follow- ing for instance : Ordered that the "mark" of John Lapp, to-wit : A "crop" oft' the right ear and an "under-bit" in the same ear, and that his "brand," to-wit : "H" be admitted to record. Ordered that John Hickman's ••mark", to-wit : A "crop" oft' the left ear, and "under-bit" and "upper-bit" in the right ear be admitted to record. Ordered that the "mark" of Tice Light, to-wit : A "crop" off the right ear and an "under-bit" in the left ear- be admitted to record. Ordered that the "mark" of Edward Smith, to-wit: A "smooth crop" oft the right ear and a "half crop" off the left ear in the underside, be admitted to record. Ordered that the "mark" of Eli Wright, to-wit : A "crop" and under- bit" off the left ear, and that his "brand to-wit : "E" on the near shoul- der be admitted to record. Ordered that the "mark" of Law- rence Bell, to-wit: A "hole" in the left ear, and a "half crop" in the under side of right ear, and his "brand" to-wit : "L. B.," be admitted to record. Ordered that the "mark" of Benja- min Brown, to-wit: An "under-bit" in the right ear and a "swallow fork 11 in the left ear be admitted to record. For the benefit of the generation coming on, who are ignorant of what was termed "marks 1 ' of stock, by our pioneer fathers, a word of two of explanation is given herewith. A '•mark" consisted of chipping or cut- ting the ears of stock so that it might be known by the owner. Two men in the same immediate neighborhood could not have the same mark, and for this reason, when a man selected or adopted a "mark," he reported it in court, where it was ordered to record, and this prevented any one else in his neighborhood "infringing" on it. In the early times when every- body let their stock run at large, "marks" were necessary that each man might know and recognize his own animals. An "under-bit" was a small notch cut in the under edge of the ear; an "overbit" the same except it was cut in the upper edge. A "crop" 126 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. was tin- tip end of the ear chipped off ; a "half-crop" the ear split at the end, and half of it clipped off; a "swallow fork" was a notch cut in the end of the ear, etc. Towns! tips Laid Off. — The first account we have of townships being laid off was at a term of court held March 9th, 1809, a record of which is as follows : "Ordered that the county of Harrison be laid off into townships, and that one township shall begin on the west county line,- and run with the lines dividing town- ship 3 and 4, to the second of the second range ; thence one mile south, thence cast with the section line to the east count) - line — to lay on the south of the said section line, and shall lie called Exeter Township. "That another township shall begin at the west county line on the boun- dary line between the Vincennes and Jeffersonville districts of public lands, and to run with said boundary to the east county line, thence with said county line to the corner of Exeter township, thence with Exeter town- ship to the west county line, thence with the same to the beginning, and shall be called Harrison township. "All north of the boundary line, between the Vincennes and Jeffer- sonville district of Public lands, shall be one township, and shall be called Washington township. 11 The first information we have of an election in the county is embraced in the following order: "Ordered that an election for Rep- resentative, for Harrison county, to serve in the General Assembly of the Indiana Territory shall be held at the house of Mr. John Kellar, in Exeter township ; at the house of Mr. Peter Copperas in Harrison township, and at the house of Capt. Beck in "Washington township, agree- ably to a law of said Territory, authorizing a division of the counties in the same into election townships." On the 10th of March, 1809, under order of the Court, George Pfreiner, Spier Spencer and Geo. F. Pope were appointed commissioners to draft plans for a jail, and let the contract to the lowest bidder, April next, for buikling the same. The Sheriff was ordered to let to the lowest bidder the contract to clear off one lot of the public ground in Corydon, and the streets adjicent to it, and to build a strong pound on the public ground agreeable to law. At the April term of court, a jail was ordered built on the following plan : "Foundation of stone, sunk six inches in the ground and appear six inches above the ground ; four sills of good oak or hone} r locust, the side sills to face eighteen inches one way, and twelve the other, laid flat on the s-tone foundation, the jail to be twenty feet by twelve, the side and end logs to be fifteen inches square, of good sound timber, with "dove-tailed' 1 notches, a partition of good sound timber (oak, beech, or honey locust) hewed 15 inches square, the lower floor of the same kind of timber, fh« olA^raf? ^apirol ar ?orydor\,l8l3 to 1X25. ' HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 129 hewed fifteen inches square, the upper floor of same kind of timber, hewed twelve inches square, laid close with plates on the same, the jail to be one story high, a roof of joint shingles nailed on, two doors, one in the end, the other in the partition, the shutters of two-inch oak plank, doubled, with four spikes in each • cross-plank, to have good strong- locks, a grate in each room, the liars firm, twelve inches long, etc., all to be finished by the first day of next November court." The second grand jury impaneled in the co nty was at the May term of the Common Pleas Court, ar.d con- sisted of "Richard M. Heth, foreman, Isaac V. Buskirk, James Shields, Pearce Chamber! in, Joseph Decker, George Gresham, Sanford Ransdall, Robt. Cochran, Sack Pennington, George Given, Edward Smith, Rich- ard McMahon, Andrew Johnson, John Dawson, Paul French, Benj. Brown, and Isaiah D. Boone. They were "sworn as grand jurors," as the old records put it, "for the United states, for the body of Harrison county, and having received their charge retired from the bar to con- sult and to make up their present- ments and indictments." The above will doubtless suffice as samples of the early court proceedings. Vast changes have taken place since tin- courts were held from which these extracts are made, and the courts themseh is have changed as much as anything else. The Capital. — Corydon, the scat of justice, and the legal and commercial center of the county, dates back to 180s, and was founded by (Jen. YVm. Henry Harrison. It is beautifully situated in a valley, at the junction of Big and Little Indian Creeks, and is about twenty-five miles from New Albany by rail, and ten miles from the Ohio river at the nearest point. Many evidences of its age are seen in the hoary trees growing in yards and lawns, and along the streets, and on Indian Creek, which latter are said to have been planted there to protect the banks. They now present a unique appearance as they guard and protect the boundaries of farms, and evince an age of improvement not elsewhere seen in the State. Few towns in Indiana perhaps, as old as Corydon, present as handsome and youthful appearance. Her four- score years sit lightly upon her, and the stranger would never dream that she is reeling off the last quarter of her century. Old towns are usually known by tumble-down, dilapidated buildings, which show the "ivy clinging to their moldering towers," or "hoary lichens springing from the disjointed stones," while gen- eral decay seems to prevail everywhere, and mocked by universal desolation, "the bat, shrill shrieking, woes its flick- ering mate," and the '-serpent hisses and the wild bird screams." Not so is Corydon. There is nothing to indicate its age but the grand old trees which spread their gigantic arms shel- tering!) over the town. An air of 130 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. thrift prevails, indicating a permanent and well-founded prosperity. Corydon, as stated, was laid out by Gen. Harrison in 1808. In the old court records, under date of March 9, 1809, we find the following: "Henry Heth and Wm, Henry Har- rison came personally into court and acknowledged themselves indebted to the Court of Common Pleas of Har- rison county in the sum of $500 ; pro- vided the said Heth and Harrison do not on or before June, 1812, convey by a good and sufficient deed to the said court, for the use of the said county, for public ground, two lots in the town of Corydon in said county, containing one acre and four perches each, being heretofore laid off by them for the public ground in said town. 1 ' This seems to have been the original plat of the town, and when it was laid off, none perhaps dreamed it 'would ever become the capital of the State. In 1811 a substantial court house was built, which is still standing, and is being used for holding of the courts. It is the old fashioned style of architecture, followed almost uni- versally in Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, fifty to a hundred years ago in court house buildings, being square, the roof running up to a point in the center, or a cupola. This build- ing is forty feet square, two stories high and of blue limestone in irregular courses, from four to ten inches thick. It stands as firm and solid as if it was good for another four score years. The window sills are of a buff or yellow stone, which is found near Salisbury, some ten miles from Cory- don, and which, when quarried, is so soft that it may be hewed to any shape with an axe or cut with a hand- saw, but which hardens on exposure to the sun and air. Corydon became the seat of government of the Indiana ter- ritory in 1813 under the administration or about its close, of acting Gov. Gib- son. Following is the act for its removal : An Act to Remove the Seat of Gov- ernment FROM THE TOWN OF VlN- CENNES TO THE ToWN OF CoRYDON, in the County of Harrison. 1. Beit enacted by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives^ and it is hereby enacted by the authority of tin sam-e, That from and after the first day of May next, the seat of Gov- ernment of the Indiana territory shall be and the same is hereby fixed and established in the town of Cory- don, until altered by law ; audit shall be the duty of all officers and all other persons in any way concerned in administering the government of said territory, and all persons whose duty it is to be at the seat of govern- ment of the said territory, or whose functions are or ought to be exercised at the said seat of government, to remove the books, records, papers and proceedings of whatever nature or kind they may be, in anywise relating to their offices, to the said town of Corydon, in the said county of Harri- son, or before the said first day of May next, and it shall be the duty of all ' HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 131 the said officers, and all persons whose duty it is to be and attend at the seat of government, to be and attend at the said town of Corydon, in the county of Harrison, from and after the said first day of May next, then and there to attend to, perform, and do whatso- ever to their said offices doth belong or in any wise appertain ; and all per- sons in any wise concerned are hereby required to govern themselves accord- ingly. There are several other sections of the act which pertain to the removal of the courts, etc., and are not of interest here. There is a tradition among the peo- ple of Corydon, that the first session of the Legislature held in their town after the removal of the capital, was held under a large elm tree standing- above the railroad depot, on a sort of by-street, or rather in it, for it stands in the middle of the street. This must be incorrect. Dillon's History of Indiana says : "By an act which was approved on the 11th of March, the seat of Government of the Indiana Territory was declared to be fixed at tbe town of Corydon, 'from and after the first day of May, 1813.' After a session of about forty days, the Gen- eral Assembly, in conformity with ;i joint resolution of both houses, was prorogued by a proclamation of Gov. Gilison, to meet at Corydon, on the first Monday of December, 1813." It is not likely then, that the Legislature held its first session under the "said elm tree," as it would make rather an "airy" chamber for the winter months even in this latitude. But, not to spoil a pretty tradition, there was a called session of the Legislature during the next summer (1814) and as the elm tree in question, stood directly in front of the house in which the first two or three sessions of the Legislature were held, what is more probable then, that the Solons, when they became heated in debating the "weighty measures of State," they should retire to the invit- ing shade of the hoary elm, where they would not only have more air, but more room. The tree is a most magnificent one, at least five feet in diameter just above the ground ; not less than a hundred feet in diameter from tip to tip of its longest boughs, and when clothed in a full robe of summer foliage would lack little of sheltering the present Legislature of the State. However, the tree is three- quarters of a century older than it was when it served as a Legislative chamber. Three years after the capital was removed to Corydon, (in 1816) Indi- ana became a State, and the town con- tinued to be the capital until 1825, when it was removed to Indianapolis. Following is the full text of the report of the commissioners appointed under act of the Legislature of the State, to locate a permanent seat of Government : Report. — "That in conformity of a proclamation 'of Jonathan Jennings, Governor of said State, the under- signed met at the house of William 132 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Connor, on the west fork of the White river, and after having taken the oat lis of affirmath ns respectively required by law, proceeded to the execution of the duties assigned them by an act of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, entitled 'an act to locate the permanent seat of Government of Indiana,' approved January 11, 1820. In discharging their duty to the State- the undersigned have endeavored to connect with an eligible site, the advantages of a navigable stream and fertility of soil, while they have not been unmindful of the geographical situation of the various portions of the Stat • to its politic 1 center as regards both the present and future interests of its citizens. The undersigned com- missioners as aforesaid, in pursuance of the act of the General Asseml >ly above mentioned, and of an act of Congress, entitled 'An act to enable the people of the Indiana Territory to form a Constitution and State Govern- ment, and for admission of such State into the Union upon an equal footing with the other States and for other purposes,' and also respecting the location of certain sections of land, to be granted for the seat of Government in the State of Indiana, proceeded to select and locate, and have selected and located as a permanent site for the seat of Government, for and on behalf of the said State, two thousand five hundred and sixty acres of land, equal to four entire sections, being sections numbered one and twelve, east and west fractional sections num- bered two, east fractional sections numbered eleven, and as much of the east part of west fractional section numbered three, to be set off by a north and south line, as will complete the quantity of two thousand five bundled and sixty acres of land as aforesaid, in township fifteen of range three east. Given under our hands, this 7th day of June, 1820. George Hurst, John Connor, Stephen Ludlow, Joseph Bartholomew, John Tiftok, John Gileland, Thos. Emerson, Frederick Eapp, Jesse B. Durham. Attest: B. J. Blytiie, Clerk. Corydon, although eighty years old, and once the capital of the State, is still a small place. The United States census of 1830 gave it 763 population, and it has probably increased but little since. Judging by the increase in population of the county, which, in 1860, had 18,551 population; in 1870 it had 19,913, and in 1880 it had 21,326, it is very little larger than it was at the begin- nine; of the civil Avar. Though slow in growth, its growth' has been sub- stantial, as seen in the character of public buildings, churches and private residences. In addition to the old capitol build- ing, used for a court house, the county has erected on the public square, a HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 133 handsome, modern, two-story brick building for public offices, which com- prise as elegant, commodious aixl secure offices as may lie found in any county in the Slate. Few counties, too, have a more elegant school-house than that which does credit to the town of Cory- don. Several handsome churches grace the place, and beautiful resi- dences are to lie seen on every street. The Imsiness is equal to that of any inland town of it- size in the southern part of the State. An editorial in the Western Aiyi/.s of May 6, 1851, thus sings the praises of Corydon: "There are some things for which our town is particular adapted, and to these objects our attention and our energies should bediiected. There is no place better situated for schools than Corydon in the whole southern portion of Indiana, Its location is just suited to that purpose. It lies in the 'tend of the Ohio river, which flows within twelve miles of us on the south and west, and eighteen miles on the east; off the line of any great thoroughfare, in the midst of a pleas- ant rural district, and within a few hours' drive of New Albany and Louis- ville; nestled down between the hills, in a delightful little valley through which Hows on the south and west of the town, two clear, bright streams of water; surrounded by beautiful scen- ery; about us on every side smiliug farms, and forests laden in spring-time with the rich perfume of wi'd flowers and vocal with songs of birds, which may he enjoyed free of charge and without the unpleasant surroundings of a crowded concert room. The vil- lage and neighborhood is remarkably healthy; during the prevalence of the cholera for the last two years we did not have a single case. < >ui commu- nity, both in town and neighborhood, is moral and intellectual. Wealready have two good schools, under the direc- tion of competent and skillful teach- ers, and everything else to make it a pleasant place of residence." Elizabeth is one of the most thriv- ing villages in the county, outside of the county seat. It is situated in a southeas erly direction from Condon, some twelve miles distant, on sec'ion 3.'? of Posey townsh'ip. Au excellent farming region surrounds it, with a gently undulating or level continuation of the prairie-like "flat woods." It contains the usual mercantile, manu- facturing and mechanical establish- ments necessary for the accommodation of the surrounding community. By the census of 1880, it had a popula- tioo of 282 souls. Bridgepokt is situated on the Ohio river, about fifteen miles from Cory- don, in the north-east corner of Posej township. It is a small place, located in a fertile valley, though a narrow one, anil its principal business is -Lip- ping by river. There are the usual business houses, etc., common in small river towns. Middi.kiowx, or New Middletown, as commonly called, is situated on the mad to Elizabeth, and about half way from that place to Corydon. It is in 134 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. Webster township, on section 14, and is just east of the eastern boundary of the "barrens." It is a growing; village, settled mostly by German citi- zens, who are industrious, thriving and economical, and are building up a prosperous community. The village is surrounded by a rich, prairie-like plain, divided into good-sized, well- arranged farms, yielding wheat pro- fusely, good corn and hay crops, also choice fruits. The village has the usual mercantile and mechanical estab- lishments of small country villages in agricultural neighborhoods. Buena Vista is a small cross roads village in Taylor township, some twenty miles south-east of Corydon. The region around about it is some- what rough and hilly, ami more adapted to fruits than to agriculture. The neighborhood is noted as being the place where the Harrison county aerolite fell in 1859. The circum- stances of this phenomenon, which should be of considerable interest in the history of Harrison county, are something as follows : "About four o'clock in the afternoon of the '28th of March, a slight alare was observed by a few of the residents, although such phenomena are usually noticed only from ten to fifteen miles away; this was followed by loud bursting reports, succeeded by continuous reverbera- tions along and across the deep valleys and high ridges, which seemed to some of the hearers to ecpial the dis- charge of many batteries of heavy artillery in continued succession. On the spot the terror was intense ; the flash of fire and frightful explosion, followed by a rushing, rattling noise in the air, and the crashing and tearing of the fragments against the trees, are to this day vivid in the memory of the older inhabitants. Mrs. Goldsmith saw one of the pieces fall on the road in front of her house, and picked it up while still warm. She said that not one of the men, women and child- ren were frightened, but dogs ran howl- ing to their masters for protection; birds were first paralyzed and then driven in furious flight; horses snorted in agony of fear, and cattle bellowed in wild confusion." This smacks much of Joe Mulhatton, but the fact that it occurred before Joe arose to such notoriety in the fields of romance, relieves him of the burden of bearing it. This differs from Joe's wonderful stories in this regard — it is true. The following account was written on the spot immediately after the fall of the meteorite, by Dr. E. S. Crosier, now of New Albany, and a scientist, whose veracity is unquestioned: "On the 28th of March, 1859, about four o'clock p. m., three loud reports in rapid succession, resembling the dis- charge of artillery, were heard in Harrison and adjoining counties. The reports were preceded by a sudden glare of light, peculiar, and by no means like a flash of light- ning. There was a dark cloud overhead at the time, and the reports were followed by a long rumbling sound, which proceeded in a south- HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 13c west direction, lasting probably a minute and a half. The peculiar reports were matters of conversation with every one, and we were not sur- j irised to hear that a fall of aerolites had occurred in Taylor township, Har- rison county." I at once resolved to investigate the matter and secure specimens, if possible; many and marvellous were the stories in circulation in the nei»h- borhood. Such a superstitious dread prevailed among the people that but little effort was made to recover the fragments, most of which had pene- trated some little distance into the earth. Several pieces fell in the door- yard of John Lamb ; a small boy saw- one of them fall and dug it out of the ground. It was about three inches long and of an oblong shape. A frag- ment, picked up by Mrs. Kelley, near Buena Vista, was brought to me; it- had been broken after the fall, and presented a very peculiar appearance. It was covered externally with a thin crust resembling a coating of bitumen. The inner portion was of a light gray color, and interspersed with bright metallic specks. It possessed magnetic properties in an eminent degree, the external coating appearing to attract the magnet with greater energy than the internal portion. It weighed '167.5 grains, troy, and had a specific gravity of 3.438. Robt. Somers pro- cured for me a much larger piece, which weighed one pound and three ounces, avoirdupois ; it was 4.4 inches long and 2.3 inches through its short- est diameter. It also attracted the magnetic needle, which proved the presence of iron. This piece was dug up at Buena Vista by Mr. Goldsmith, and had the same external dark crust and internal gray appearance as the small fragment first described. But four pieces were found, although a great number must have fallen, as over an area of about four miles square, almost every individual testi- fied to having heard the hissing noise made by the falling fragments; it having occurred at a favorable time in the day for observation — about four o'clock, p. m. "Three or four loud reports, like the bursting of bomb shells, were the first intimation of anything unusual ; a number of smaller reports followed. The stones were seen to fall immedi- ately after the first loud explosion. Some who were in the woods dis- tinctly heard the stones striking amongst the trees. A peculiar hissing noise was heard, during the fall of the stones, for miles around. As a lady described it, 'the air seemed as if it had, at once, become filled with thousands of hissing serpents.' Mr. and Mrs. Josiah Crawford were stand- ing in their dooryard at the time, and hearing a loud hissing sound, looked up and saw an aerolite fall just before them, burying itself four inches in the ground. They immediately dug it up. It did not possess any warmth, but had a sulphurous smell. Another, which they did not find, fell near them. K!6 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY "Two si his of John Lamb were out near the barn, when their a tention was attracted by a loud, hissing noise, noise, and immediately a stone fell near them, penetrating some three or four inches into the hard earth This was of au obloug shape, abou? three inches in length, and not more than a half inch — and was quite warm when first taken from the ground. The general appearance and compo- sition of tins was the same as those above described. Another fell in newly plowed ground near by, but they were unable to find it." .Many different descriptions of the strange phenomenon was given at the time, and the impression created was quite as varied, according to the intel- ligence, education or superstition of the witnesses to it. Dr. J. C. Clark, at Buck creek bridge, eight miles north of Buena Vista, and B. P. Doug- las, Esq., at Corydon, in describing the meteoric occurrence, say there was a rushing, whistling windy noise, then a rattling, roaring sound like the stampede of Gen. Pope's wagon train driving recklessly over a wooden bridge, then the explosion for a min- ute, like the rapid discharge of a park of artillery, followed by t he pro- longed, rolling reverberations, passing from the southwest to the northeast. A scientific analysis of the specimens was made by the late Prof. J. Law- rence Smith, of Louisville, but it would only be of interest to the scien- tist ; hence, it is omitted from this sketch'. Laohma is a pleasant and prosper- ous little village in Boone township, twelve miles from Corydon, as the crow flies, and almost a due south course. It is on the divide between Mosquito and Buck Creeks, and in section 32. It is not more than two miles from Tobacco Landing, on the Ohio river, which is its shipping point. This is in the Harrison county natu- ral gas region, and when natural n;as is properly developed, Laconia may become a great manufacturing town. Corn, grass and fruits . are the princi- pal crops grown in the surrounding country. Tobacco Lauding was designed by its speculative proprietors for the most important trading point on the river. Warehouses and all other appointments for a town were pre- pared sufficient for the transaction of all the business of the neighboring region. But trade would not come, and today it is nothing more than a steamboat lauding It is noted prin- cipally for having been the boyhood home of the great traveller and author, J. Boss Browne. Doubtless, it was the beautiful scenery of the Ohio river hills, that educated his mind to an appreciation id' natural scenes of beauty. An enthusiast ic writer thus describes the region round about Tobacco Land- ing: "From the top of this southern promontory of the State, 410 feet above the Ohio rivtr, a tine outlook is enjo\ed; the ever beautiful Ohio circles in a broad sweep, comprising HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 137 miles of river scenery equaling the historic waters of the Rhine; some- times a mad, rushing torrent, at others a quiet, sleeping expanse. Beyond, in Kentucky, the Muldrow range of hills are built up againsl the sky ten to thirty miles away, while six great, sharp, conical, isolated, monument-like knobs, the result of past erosive energy, seem to pierce the blue heavens, solemn in their silent loneli. ness, and a measure of the ages neces- sary to remove, by denudation, a thousand feet of overlying strata." It was amid such scenes, that were nur. turcd the longings which were embod- ied in Browne's first public sketches. The neighbors, in kind remembrance of him, named his favorite retreat, "Ross Browne's Gulch." It was thus described by the writer, quoted from above: "The walls are steep or pre- cipitous, of banded limestone, over three hundred feet high. Remote from the intrusion of domestic animals, the original growth of plants, feathery ferns flourish in profusion on the shaded benches and eaves. Each escarped band of rock was festooned with trailing creepers and clinging lichens, while the steep face of Doug- las 1 Pinnacle would always excite a hoy's dreams of romance." Mauckport is a flourishing little river village. It is situated on the Ohio about three miles below Brand- enburg, the capital of Meade count)-, Ky., and about fifieen miles from Corydon. The country is broken and hilly around Mauckport ; fruit is grown extensively, and corn and wheat are the principal crops. Keiv Amsterdam is pleasantly sit- uated on the Ohio river, eight or ten miles below Mauckport. There is a good farming region adjacent to it, the rich R'pperden and Grassy valleys being tributary, and the farmers of those fertile sections making this their trading and shipping point. The village has all" the mercantile and mechanical establishments common to a thriving place of its "dimensions." Valley City is a hamlet about three miles east of Amsterdam. Lanes'ville, next to Elizabeth, is the largest village in the county outside of Corydon. It is nestled in the deep valley of Indian Creek, on section 20 of Franklin township, and was named for Gen. Lane. It is situa- ted on the New Albany and Corydon turnpike road, about ten miles from Corydon, and by the census of 1880 it had 280 inhabitants. It is settled mostly by Germans with a German settlement around it. The people are industrious, economical and well-to-do, with a good number of stores and shops of different kinds to supply all their sim- ple w ants. The neighborhood is noted as having been a favorite resort of the savages, and the older citizens remem- ber when there were many relics of the aborigines to be seen about where the village stands. When the first whites came to the county they dis- covered the little saline spring or "seep" at this spot. It attracted the attention of Gen. Harrison, who opened 13S HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. a primitive well and tested the water. The well was merely a hollow tree "gum 11 sunk some, depth in the soft spongy -round. When the water was tested it was found that one gallon of the brine would, on evaporation, yield three-quarters of a pound of good salt. It was never utilized to make salt, however, as a general business. Breckinridge is a small place on the turnpike between Lanesville and Condon, three miles from Lanesville. Palmyra is situated in the extreme northern part of the county on the New Albany and Vincenues turnpike road, and is twelve miles due north of Corydon on an air line. It is sur- rounded by a level or gently undula- ting plateau of well cultivated land, originally known as "barrens," which show some line meadows and pastures and occupied by thrifty farmers. The village is a nourishing one, with the usual stores and shops common to places of its size and demands. This is a flue fruit section. The orchards are among the finest in the county, highly productive, the trees being annually loaded with apples and peaches of excellent quality. Palmyra Lake near by, is a picturesque little sheet of water, covering twelve to fifteen acres and about the depth of fourteen feet of water. The old Indian trail from Louisville via Paoli to Vin- cennes passes by the south side of the lake, and the number of flint arrow heads and flint chips formerly to be found here, show that the lake was a favorite resort of the savages. Bradford is a small village in this same township (Morgan) that Palmyra is located in. New Salisbury is a small village on the road leading from Corydon to Palmyra, about midway between the two places. It is in Jackson township scarcely a mile north of the Airline railroad, which fact will prevent it from ever being a great city. Byronville is a small place in the northeast part of the same township, about five miles from New Salisbury. Frenchtown, in the north part of Spencer township, is a unique little village about ten miles northwest of Corydon. It was established by the Buckhardt or Bogard family, who induced about fifty families from France to settle contiguous to it. They are quiet, industrious citizens, possessing all the courtesy character- istic of their nation. Many of them cultivate vineyards and make wine ; some of the vineyards are valuable, productive and profitable. Fairdale is a hamlet in the same township, just north of the Airline railroad. Crandall and Corydon Junction are stations on the Airline railroad, in Harrison county. Crandall is about four miles from the east county line. Corydon Junction is where the Cory- don and New Albany railroad diverges from the Airline. Both are small places. Bosewood, Boston and old North Hampton are small places on the Ohio river — the first two named in Taylor township, and the last in Washington township. HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 139 Idlewild, Hancock, Worth, Cen- tral, Rehoboth are country postoffices. Idlewild and Worth are in Scott town- ship ; Central is in Heth township, and Hancock is in Blue River township. A store, postoffice and a blacksmith shop are about the extent of their dig- nity. Hoods. — One drawback to Harrison county, for many years, was a lack of market facilities. Even after the era of railroads it was years before the county enjoyed the benefits of these modern adjuncts of civilization and pr< asperity. For many years the county did not even have good wagon roads. These highways are indispensable for social intercourse and the enjoyment of progressive civilization. No people can expect fair returns for their labor without commerce and means of trans- portation for exchanging their com- modities. With the best road materia] almost, in the world, and an inexhaust- ible supply of it, the county was extremely backward in building roads, and the farmers were almost wholly dependent on the river for transport- ing their surplus produce to market. It was not until the building of the Condon and New Albany turnpike road that the county began to get out of the ruts of old fogyism. About 1850 the project of building a plank road <>r turnpike from New Albany to Condon was agitated, and the enter- prise met with varying success for two or three years before it was finally completed. This was at a time when the good people of Harrison county did not believe railroads could be built through the hills of southern Indiana, The Western Argus (Corydon) of May 11, 1852, recommending the building of this road and its great value, sa\ < : "Look at our geographical position ; Ave are in a bend of the Ohio, the river running around a large portion of the eastern, the entire southern, and a part of the western borders of the county, leaving us isolated, cut off, (tut of the way of any of the great lines of road, having a population of 16,000 souls at present, all engaged in agriculture; and two-thirds of the surplus raised must pass over this road to market; there is no other outlet, nor can there ever be. Our very position fori (ids the idea of this route ever being inter- fered with by railroads. We are not in the line between any great points. The Mt. Carmel route from the Fall to St. Louis is abandoned in effect, and it had as well be, because it would be almost as reasonable to talk of sur- mounting the Alps, as passing the immense range of hills lying between us and the Wabash. Old hunters will tell you that there are fastnesses that exclude wild beasts, let alone railroads. This, then, is the road for Harrison county, the route by which her pro- duce can reach market, etc., etc." Scarcely a third of a centurj has passed since the above was penned, and a first-class railroad crosses Harri- son county, and passes the "immense range of hills lying between her and the Wabash." The Alps have not been 140 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. surmounted, but they have been tun- neled, which amounts to the same thing, and are no longer a "barrier to railroads, and still the world moves on. Another railroad from Corydon intersects the Airline, and Harrison county thus enjoys all the market facilities she needs or can desire. After all the ups and downs conse- quent upon such enterprises, the road was finally completed, and thrown open to travel. Being a direct line to New Albany, and thence to Louisville, it gave Corydon the best market facili- ties it had hitherto enjoyed. For sev- eral years it was a popular thorough- fare, and extensively used, even to the building of the Airline railroad, and the Croydon & New Albany railroad. With all the railroads, it is still much traveled, and is valuable to the county. Railroads. — Although Harrison is one of the old counties in the State, it was slow, and among the last to have railroads. It is only within the last few years that she has known the advantages of railroads. As early as 1.837, a railroad from New Albany to Alton, 111., was projected, but it only resulted in grading the route from Mt. Carmel to' Albion, in Illinois. There it rested until 1869, when a charter was granted to the New Albanv h St. Louis Railroad Company, by the Ind- iana Legislature, and shortly after another to the St. Louis, Mt. Carmel & New Albany Railroad Company, by the Legislature of Illinois. In July, 1870, these corporations were united under the name of Louisville, New Albany & St. Louis Railroad Company. Its first officers were Hon. Augustus Bradly, of New Albany, President ; Jesse J. Brown, of New Albany, Vice-President; George Ly- man, Secretary and Treasurer, and Roland J. Dukes, Chief Engineer. Several routes were surveyed, and the location finally made as follows: From Louisville to New Albany bridge and the J. M. ifc I. tracks, thence on an air line to the Wabash river at Mt. Car- mel; thence to Mt. Vernon, 111., where it connected with the St. Louis Southeastern, now the St. Louis divis- ion of the L. A: M. Railroad. Liberal subscriptions were made to it by the cities of Louisville, New Albany, the J. M. & I. Railroad, Floyd county and other counties, and other munici- palities along the line, amounting in the aggregate to $ 1,350,000, and by individuals, $1,411,350. Work com- menced and went briskly forward until the funds were exhausted, when operations were for a time suspended. In 1875 the company was unable to meet its interest and the road was sold for $23,000 — a "mere song." Eighty miles west of New Albany had been graded, and the tunnels and trestles mostly completed. Three miles of track out of New Albany was laid, and trains were running on a completed section from Princeton, Ind., to Albion, 111. The project lay dormant until February, 187'.', when a re-organization of the Board was effected with St. John Boyle, of Louis- ville, as President ; G. C. Cannon, of . : — HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. 143 New Albany, Vice-President ; and George Lyman, of New Albany, Sec- retary and Treasurer. After consid- erable ups and downs, the road was finally completed, and trains run through from Louisville to St. Louis without change, using the tracks of the L. & N. from Mt. Vernon, 111., to St. Louis. Within the last few years it has been greatly improved, and will soon be a first-class road in every respect. It must, necessarily, become a valuable one, as between the two great cities of Louisville and St. Louis, it is almost an air line, and is more than fifty miles shorter route between the two places, than via the O. & M. railroad. This road passes through the north- ern part of Harrison county, about seven miles from Corydon at the near- est point. While too far from the center of the county to prove as ben- eficial as it would, did it tap the county seat, yet it has been of great value to the county in moving much of its surplus produce, especially from that part of the county most distant from the Ohio river. Taken in con- nection with the Corydon road, the branch from Corydon *to Corydon Junction, it forms for the county much improved transportation facilities. JUDGE WILLIAM A. POR- TER was born near Cincinnati, Ohio, in January, 1800. His parents, who were of the sturdy stock from the north of Ireland, died while he was yet young, so that he was early thrown on his own resources. He educated himself, and by alternate work and teaching through summer and winter was able to pass through Miami University, graduating from that institution in 1827. He came to Corydon in 1828, studied law chiefly by his own exertions, and was admitted to the bar in 1831. In that year he married Miss Elizabeth McClelland, of Crawfordsville, and brought his wife to her new home on horseback behind him. He was identified with the pioneer practice in Harrison county and his name appears oftener than any other on the early records. He was a man of the strictest integrity and had abound- ing reverence for the dignity of his profession. His papers were never curtailed or abbreviated, and the majesty of the law was upheld by him in every particular. He was not an orator, but his speeches were log- ical and full of force and conviction. He was Judge of the Probate Court from 1831 to 1836. In 1836 he was elected to the House of Rep- resentatives of the State Legislature, was re-elected in 1846, serving until 1849 — the last term as Speaker of the House — and in 1849 was elected to the State Senate. He made his trips to and from Indianapolis on horseback with his "leggings" on, and his saddlebags under him. He was all his life a character in south- ern Indiana and retained many peculiarities to the last ; but his 144 HISTORY OF HARRISON COUNTY. "long head" was trusted for safe council until old age deprived him of his powers. He was truly the Nestor of the Indiana bar, and many students went out from under his instruction to fill high places in the profession. He demanded lessons perfect to the letter, and his pupils were wont to say that a term of study under him was equal to a course of lectures. He had an eye to their morals also, and woe befell the young man who attempted to play the fiddle on Sun- day, while many a deck of cards was slyly hid in a table drawer when the Judge unexpectedly entered the office. Among his students were Walter Q. Gresham, Ex. Postmaster General of the United States and U. S. District Judge, of U. S. Courts ; Col. Wm. Boone, formerly of Louis- ville, Ky.; Hon. S. K. Wolfe, de- ceased, New Albany, and a number of others. The venerable copy of Blackstone used by these embryo lawyers is now preserved as a curi- osity by one of his daughters. Al- though not a member of any church, he was a rigid Calvinist and died in that faith on the morning of Janu- ary 23rd, 1884. His law library was found after his death to contain many old and rare books that he had accumulated in his long and honora- ble career. Jeffers0N County. (By W. P. Hendricks" Esq.) THE act of Congress, passed July 13, 1787, is the chief corner-stone upon which all of the history of the State of Indiana must be founded, and is the first fixed point from which we may start to ran a random line, and to which we must correct back, in order to establish permanence in the way of the truth of our statements, and in order to have them to consist with each other. Back of that, are the uncertain and incoherent facts of French and English occupancy, the tradition of Indian possession, and the relics of prehistoric habitation. All of these are unstable, fragmentary and impersonal, so far as Indiana is concerned. As all life is of the egg and comes from the germ which is the hidden, and humanly unknown principle of it, but which exists in however so infintes- imal and invisible a degree, so Indi- ana was hidden in this ordinance of 1787, and in due season and course of time came forth in 1816, and stands before the world to-day, a State of which any man may be proud to call himself her son. Article 5, of the ordinance, pro- vides, " That there shall be formed in the said Territory not less than three, . nor more than five States, and the boundaries of the States, * * * * shall become fixed and established, as follows, to-wit: * * * * * The Middle States shall be bounded by the said direct line : the "Wabash, from Post Vincents to the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north from the mouth of Great Miami to the said Territorial line, and by the said Territorial line ;***** and whenever any of the said States shall have 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States on an equal footino- with the original States in all respects whatever, and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government, etc." Here we have the first definite lines of boundary of the State of Indiana. Subsequently the State of Michigan was taken out of this body of land and the State of Indiana was left with her present boundary lines. 14(3 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. Indiana Territory was organized with a specific name, by the act of Congress bearing date May 7. 1800.* (1) It provides: "Laws of United States," Vol. 3, Page 367. "Section 1. Be it enacted by the Si note and House of Represent- atives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That, from and after the fourth day of July next, all that part of the terri- tory of the United States northwest of the Ohio river, which lies to the westward of a line beginning at the Ohio, opposite to the mouth of the Kentucky river, and running thence to Fort Recovery, (2) and thence north, until it shall intersect the terri- torial line between the United States and Canada, shall, for the purposes of temporary government, constitute a separate territory and be called the Indiana Territory." In section 5 of this act it is ''Provided, That when- ever that part of the territory of the United States which lies to the east- ward of a line beginning at the mouth of the Great Miami river, and running thence due north, to the territorial line between the United States and Can- ada, shall be erected into an independ- ent State, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States ; thenceforth said line shall become and remain permanently the boundary line between such State and the Indiana Territory; anything in (2) Page 5. Fort Recovery was built on one o£ the head branches of the river Wabash, in the southwest corner of Mercer Co,, Ohio, a little east of the present eastern bound- ary of Indiana. this act contained to the contrary not- withstanding;." We find, further, in an act of Con- gress, approved March 26th, 1804: "Entitled an act erectino- Louisiana into two Territories, and providing for the temporary government thereof . Section 12. Laws of the United States, Vol. 3, page 608. "That the residue of the Province of Louisiana, ( i. \\ John ftoe, of North Madison, tested the clay in the vicin- ity of North Madison, some years ago, and found it very well adapted to making tiles. He made tile there for some years before his death. The same clay abounds throughout the central part of the county. Salt. — Salt was made in this county at an early date, but on account of the low grade of the appliances for w r orking the well and the consequently small yield of salt, it was abandoned. Stone. — Jefferson county abounds in fine building stone. The quarries at Deputy have been worked more extensively than any other in the county. Stone from this quarry was used largely in the custom house building at Cincinnati, and also in the first large bridge across the Ohio at that place. The quality of this stone is equal to any found in the country. The same stone is found at differ- ent points in the county, but as there is no facility in transportation, there has been no extensive quarry beside this one opened up in the county. There is a beautiful species of gray and blue marble found in the southern part of this county, which was worked for a number of years, at Marble Hill. But on account of the sul- phuriat of iron, which was contained in it, decomposing and staining the finished work, the owners ceased working it. It took a very fine pol- ish, and was used for mantels, furni- ture, etc. It was full of fossil shells, which gave a beautiful effect when polished. It may be utilized even yet, and made a source of wealth. Water Courses. — The county has a very good natural water supply in eveiy part of it, in the way of springs and creeks. It might be proudly said to abound in water. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 157 " A remarkable feature of the streams of this county," says the geologist, "is that they, as a general thing, cut deep gorges, some of which, especially on the eastern border, have attained the depth of two to three hundred feet." "These gorges are the result of flowing over friable mat- ter." Along the water-courses were the homes of Pre-historic Man. Among the water-courses in the eastern part of the county are : Indian Kentucky Creek, and its tributaries which drain the entire eastern portion of this county, the south-west corner of Switzerland, and a part of Ripley counties. The valleys of this creek are richly productive, and afford the best facili- ties for stock-raising; water being plenty all the year round, and the grazing of the best quality, and of sufficient quantity. The main valleys of this stream (there are two main forks or branches, the east and west and a great many minor tributaries), are lined by bluffs from 150 to 200 feet high. Near the mouth, where it empties into the Ohio river, they are as high as 300 feet. These valleys were formed in the same manner as that of the Ohio, whether by wear and erosion, or by icebergs cutting out the course of them. Geologists differ in their theories upon the subject. The west fork of Indian Kentucky rises in Ripley county, the south-east part of range X east, town 6 north, and runs southeastwardly through Monroe, Madison and Milton town- ships. The eastern branch, which is called the Main Creek and Brushy Fork by the natives, rises in the northern part of town 6, north of range XI east, in Ripley county, and runs south- wardly through Shelby township in Ripley county, and Shelby and Milton townships in Jefferson county, and uniting with the west fork at Man vi lie in Milton township, empties into the Ohio river near the eastern border of the county, traversing a distance of about thirty miles. The west fork is about fifteen miles long to the con- fluence. The average breadth of country drained by each branch is about twenty miles. The name "Indian Kentucky" is a combination of the two names, Indiana and Kentucky, and was given by the early settlers. The greater portion of these having come from Kentucky, honored their former State, as well as the State to which they had come, in giving this name to the stream. The name, as used by the natives, is " Indian Kentuck," and that, probably, was the original name. The next stream in point of size is Big Creek, the north fork of which rises near New Marion, in Ripley county, and in a very crooked course traverses about twenty-five miles of territory in this county, running through Monroe, Lan- caster, Smyrna and Graham townships, and empties into the Muscatatuck, a short distance from Paris, Jennings county. The middle fork of Big 158 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. Creek rises in Monroe township, west of Bryantsburgh, and flows westwardly into Lancaster township, where it empties into the north fork on the main creek. The south fork of Big- Creek rises in the south-western part of Madison township and runs through Hanover and Republican townships, aucl empties into the main creek on the line between Graham and Smyrna townships. Along all of these different branches of Big Creek are romantic rocky cliffs, especially so on the north fork, where they extend in places for a quarter of a mile in unbroken front, varying in sight from ten to sixty feet. In some aces the faces of these cliffs are quite i i Iden by the masses of vines and ferus growing upon them. The waters from these streams and their tributaries, flow intoWhite river, and through that river into theWabash. The waters of this county are very evenly divided between the Ohio and the Wabash rivers. There are numerous smaller streams •in the county. Crooked Creek and Clifty, of which mention has been made, Saluda, Eagle Creek and Bee Camp are tributaries of the Ohio river ; Bear Creek, Camp Creek, Harberts, Lewis and Marble are tributaries of Big Creek. Camp Creek has 'its name from the fact that the Indians, in passing through this county before the settlement by the whites, were in the habit of making it a regular camping place, and the whites also, in their pursuit of the Indians, found a very convenient and commodious place for a camp on its banks. It is a noted place among geologists as a locality for finding fine fossils. Crooked Creek runs from the north into, and to the west through Madi- son, and is about seven miles long. The head waters are about three and one-half miles north of Madison. The valley of the creek is less than one- half mile wide, and the hills bordering it are about 250 feet high. The creek flows out of this valley into the Ohio river valley, and making quite an abrupt turn to the west, then skirts the foot of the bluff for some three mdes, when it empties into the Ohio river. Formerly it was a stream of some size, and was used for mill power, but of late years, by reason of changes caused by cutting away the timber, straightening the course of the creek, and cultivation of the adjoining country, it is dry for the greater por- tion of its course, with stagnant pools at intervals, at other times a tor- rent. Sometimes it gets on a ram- page, as it did in 1846, when, being checked at the west side of Madison by the embankment of the railroad, it became a great lake, and many houses were floated away and many persons drowned. I copy selections from a sketch writ- ten by Lieut. A. J. Grayson — Phelix Adair — for the Madison Courier some years ago, which will give a better idea of it than any words of mine : HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 159 "On Thursday, September 3d, 1846, a most sorrowful calamity befell the denizens of Crooked Creek Valley, causing great loss of life and properly. "It had been showery all day, but in the afternoon the rain poureddown in torrents, flooding our streets, as the gut! era were not of sufficient capacity to carry on the water, and many cel- lars and even residences, in the central part of the city, were flooded. " Crooked Creek rose to an enormous height, overflowing its banks from its headwaters down to the mouth, where it entities into the Ohio River, sweep- ing everything before it — houses, bridges, fences and other property. * * " Twelve persons were drowned, seven of their bodies being found after the waters assuaged, in a field at the foot of Wilber's hill — now the new addition to Springdale Cemetery. " Besides the many dwelling-houses, out-houses, fences, etc., swept off, a great deal of valuable property was destroyed. Sheet's oil-mill, which stood near the bank of the creek between Mulberry and West streets, had the gable-end thrown down and all his carding machinery destroyed. Mitchell & McNaughton's pork-house, near where Watts & Barber's paper mill is now located, was much dam- aged. Whitney & Hendricks' prop- erty, near the bridge at West street, was also damaged badly, and every bridge on the creek was carried away. w vr ■?£■ vr Vr vr " The whole surface of the great body of water was literally covered with different articles from the farms and residences above — hay and straw- stacks, rails, chickens, hogs, cattle, etc. " The mouth of the railroad culvert was not large enough to allow the immense amount of drift, etc., to pass through, causing it to dam up so that the backwater from it rose so rapidly that the creek valley, from Mulberry street down, was submerged so suddenly that residents -were unable to escape. * * " The water rose within forty feet of the railroad track, and it was thought it would find an outlet at the lowest point near 'Third street. But at last the pressure became too great, and the large embankment, said to be the high- est in the State, melted away like a snow-bank, while the huge stones in the culvert were swept away like sand, and the water poured into the gap thus made, like the Ohio pouring into the Mississippi." History of Early Settlers. The first known white man who set foot upon the soil of Jefferson county, was Captain George Logan, who, after the war of 1812, settled in what is now Hanover township. " George Logan was born in Pennsyl- vania, during the revolutionary war. His parents removed to Kentucky in 1784, Geoige being but four years old at the time. He grew up from child- hood to manhood <>n a farm eight miles from Lexington, but before reaching his majority the evils of slavery so impressed him that he determined to forsake his home and make a new one 160 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. where all men were free and their own masters. Shortly after this resolution was formed, young Logan, in partner- ship with a friend, bought up a l°t °f country produce with the intention of floating it down to New Orleans. They accordingly procured two barges, lashed them together, and with a crew of four men started down the Ken- tucky river. This was as early as 1801. A small village marked the present site of Carrollton, but between that point and Clarksville (Jeffersonville), or Louisville, was not to be seen the hut or encampment of a single white man. Mr. Logan says he frequently saw Indians along the shore hunting, and occasionally a camp with a fire where the squaws were cooking. The coun- try was utterly wild. There was nothing but heavy timber upon the flats and hills. No person had settled on the bottom land where Madison now stands, it was all covered with woods. Deer and buffaloes seemed plentiful, and at night wolves kept up a very dismal howling. In this trip an inci- dent occurred which has something of romance in it, and which affected the hero's after life very materially. Mr. Logan's boat passed Madison on the last day of February, 1801. The wind blew such a gale that navi- gation in low barges was both slow and perilous; so a landing was made on the northern bank, about a half mile below our present Hanover land- ing. The river continued rough with white caps for three days, compelling the voyagers to hug the shore to escape destruction. Young Logan got tired of sitting around on the boats, so he shouldered his gun and walked up the hill. There he soon fell in with a flock of turkeys and shot two of them. The river from the hill was so beautiful that he inwardly resolved to settle right there whenever he entered land. To mark the spot, after fixing the general features of the place in his memory, he carved his name in lull, with the date, March 1st, 1801, upon two large beech trees which stood near the verge of the hill. There is no tradition that the Ohio, when a little rill, flowing to join the brimming river, paused, loitering in this enchanting land one sunny day to add yet another charm to the land- scape by its meanderings — there is no tradition to this effect, but if there were it would almost merit credence,f or nowhere throughout its entire course does the river present lovelier features, or its hills rise in more calm and gentle majesty. So Logan must have thought, for fourteen years later, in 1815, he passed along the river bluffs in this vicinity searching for the old landscape and the two beeches which bore his name. Some chauges had taken place during that time, and the trees could not be found, though Logan was pretty sure he had discov- ered the proper spot. But here another difficulty presented itself; the land was already entered by one Christopher Harrison. But Logan was not to be balked at the last, so he hunted up Mr. Harrison, who was not HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY 161 a resident, and purchased the place of him." The above is from an inter- view of Mr. Logan, by Mr. M. C. Gar- ber — now editor of the Madison Daily Courier — published in the Courier Nov. 1st, 1873. After making the trip to New , Orleans, Mr. Logan returned home and fitted out a boat and went up the Missouri river to trade with Indians. He wandered about, living here and there, until the war of 1812-15 broke out, and being in Ohio at that time, he raised there a company for the defense of the settlements, and he was com" missioned as the Captain. His com- pany went with the army of Gen. W. H. Harrison to the relief of Fort Meigs, on the Maumee river. After the war, as stated above, he returned to his first love as a home, and pur- chased the land of the then owner, Mr. Christopher Harrison, who bad bought it from the Government. Mr. Logan looked for the trees bearing his name, time after time, but without success. In the third week of September of the year 1862, one morning after a heavy storm during the night, which blew down a number of trees at some little distance from his house, Mr. Logan sent his farm hands out to saw them up for fire- wood. While engaged at this work one of the men discovered the long sought for mark, on the beech tree, cut there on that March morning, so many years before. Mr. Logan was notified of the find, and came out to the place, and found that he had made his search too high on the brow of the hill, and had thus failed to find his mark. He had the block, which was of the diameter of twenty-two (22) inches, containing the mark, sawed out of the trunk of the tree, and carried to his house, where he always kept it as a relic of his first visit to this county, and as an object of interest which he showed to all of his visitors, to the time of his death, May 12th, 1875. It may be still at the old farm, and should be preserved as a memento of pioneer days, by the Historical Society of Jefferson county. Nomads. — There were many men in those days (some having families) who led nomadic lives. They passed through the country, lived and died, and scarcely left a trace of having occupied it. They depended upon hunting wild game for subsistence and for a living, and in following the chase, to some extent took upon them the habits of the animals which they hunted. They became cautious in their movements, and watchful of even the least change in things around them; the breaking of a twig, the rustle or fall of a leaf, were all noticed by them, and were indications perhaps of great moment to them, as they became proficient in their study of the book of nature. Tiny became good and quick reasoners, more from effect to the cause, than the contrary. They soon became well acquainted with the habits and lives of the ani- mals and birds which they were in the custom of hunting. They could 162 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. tell the species, age, sex and condition of the animal still unseen, by its trail, as unerringly as the scholar the root of a word he may meet in his book. Their larders and wardrobes were supplied by the meat and skins of the animals which they killed. Their other wants being few, principally confined to lead and powder and whis- key, and sometimes flour or corn meal, were easily supplied at the trad- ing house or village store, in return for meat and pelts or grease. The pelts of animals were then more com- mon as a circulating medium than silver and gold, and constituted the principal source of revenue of the class of people of whom mention has been made. Every storekeeper was ready to take them in exchange for his goods, as he could use them with his creditors as readily as cash. These birds of passage melted away before the advance of the whites in the set- tlements, and there is now no note of name, time or occupancy except of two who roamed in the northwestern corner of the county. One Glascow, a hunter by profession, had no regu- lar habitation : his home was wherever he chanced to be. AVhen hungry he stopped and cooked his food ; when nio-ht came he camped at the most convenient and sheltered spot near him. His usual haunt was between Bio- Creek and Middle Fork. The other was a man named Joe Hensley, who lived with the Indians. He made a clearing on the creek, which still bears his name, within the pres- ent confines of Lancaster township. They both disappeared. Hensley going off with the Indians, and Glas- cow going to the new frontier. It was leportel some years after that he was killed on Haw Creek, in Decatur or Bartholomew counties. 1804. — The next name, in point of time, is that of John Ryker; and that is only by an incidental mention of him in the sketch of Mr. William Bobbins (which see) where bespeaks of coming from Kentucky to visit Ryker in the year 1804. Mr. Bob- bins savs he was living near to or at the mouth of Ea^le Creek. But as Mr. Ryker entered the N: W. quarter of section thirty, town four north, range eleven east, April 24th, 1809, we suppose that he probably lived on that tract of land. 1805. — In the latter part of the spring of 1805, Elder Jesse Vawter, the first Baptist preacher of this county, came to Indiana and made a charing. He was accompanied by John Beece and six or eight others from Scott and Franklin counties, Kentucky. They landed at a point just opposite to Milton, Kentucky. They made their headeprarters in the bottom at the upper end of the present city of Madison. Elder Jesse Vaw- ter (deceased March 20th, 1838) selected a location for his residence at the top of what is now called "the Mich'gan Hill," at the point where the Weyer mansion now stands. A portion of the present Weyer house was built by him later on in life. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 163 After making their selections for homes and putting up cabins, they went back to Kentucky and brought their families here in 1806. — He planted his corn late in June of this year. I submit the fol- lowing memorial of Elder Vawter, written by his son, John Vawter, and a sket h of James Vawter, which were printed, and have been pre- served by members of the family. As Elder Jess--* Vawter was a notable man in the Baptist Church — the pio- neer of that church Ave may say — in all of the region of the country for many miles around Jefferson county ; besides being one of the very earliest of the settlers of this county, I deem it as only just to his memory that this sketch of his life be inserted in these pages; together with the addenda by his son, James Vawter. Elder Vawter named his home Mount Glad, because he was delivered from his temporal troubles when he settled there. ELDER JESSE VAWTER. He was born in Virginia, Dec. 2, 1755. His fathers name was David, his mother's that of Mary. His father died while he was yet a youth and left him to obtain a livelihood by the energies of his own mind and individual indus- try. At an early day he was called into the service of his country. While in the tented field he was attacked with military fever, of which his life was despaired of by his many friends ; but God was pleased to prolong his days and he lived to see the armies of his country crowned with success. In the year 1782, he emigrated to North Carolina (now Sullivan county, Ten- nessee). While here he took an active part as a soldier and officer in the offensive and defensive war meas- ure against the Cherokee Indians, who committed many cruelties on the front- iers of those times. In the year 1787 he visited the country then known by the name of the Levisa country, a name by the writer of this memoir well recollected, afterwards and now known as Kentucky. After his return home he prepared for removing to the new world, and in the year 1789, with his wife and six small children, removed into the State of Kentucky, settled in Woodford county, where he resided until 1795 ; at which time he purchased a small tract of land on the north side of the North Elkhorn, and removing to it, resided thereon until the vear 1 806. Having lost his lands by a supe- rior claim in law, he determined to aban- don the State. In the fall of 1806 he removed his family to a residence prepared by him near Madison, known as Mount Glad, now occupied and owned by Messrs. Flint, Wilbur and T. Ilite. On this last named place he continued to reside until himself and companion were too old and advanced in age to keep house any longer, and finally broke up house- keeping and sold the farm and man- sion, a spot dear in the recollection of his children and numerous acquaint- ances. A short time afterwards, the 164 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. partner of his youth, of his joys and of his many labors and conflicts, sunk under disease and old age, and after months of excruciating pain, died within a few hundred yards of the spot where the subject of the present memoir breathed his last. He died March 20th, 1838, in the S3d year of his age. Memoir written by John Vawter. Sketch of James Vawter, written by himself. Addenda to a memoir of Elder Jesse Vawter, written by John Vawter. The underwriter, JAMES VAW- TER, wa< born in East Tennessee, April 2d, 1783; came with his father t»> Kentucky in 1790; lived in Ken- tucky eleven years; came to Indiana in 1805. "I built my first cabin in the winter of 1806-7, on the hill where the big engine house stands, and kept bachelor hall until Oct. 1816 ; and then got married to Judge John Watts 1 daughter, of Boone county, Ky ; have raised a large family of sons and daughters (11 of them). In 1814-15- 16 I was sheriff and collector of county and territorial taxes. I have the duplicate, which no man would take and collect for it. It was Jefferson, Jennings, Switzerland, Ripley and Scott, all in one c< »unty." — He died Oct. 25th, 1873, 90 years, 6 months and 21 days old. Mr. James Underw 1 came to Jefferson county in company with Elder Jesse Vawter in the spring of 1806, and settled about four miles north of the present city of Madison, on the headwaters of Crooked Creek. The first graveyard in the county was upon his farm, and is still at times now used for the interment of the descend- ants of the old settlers. He was buried there. It still bears the name of the "Underwood Graveyard." There is the ' name of one Colby Underwood, among the old settlers; when he came, and whether he was a brother of James or not, we are not able to tell. 1806.— Mr. Ralph— called Rafe— Griffin, came to Indiana Territory in 1806, and took a pre-emption claim in the north-west quarter of section 31, town 4, north of range 11 east. He afterward sold his ri°\ht to Mr. John Thomas, who made the last payments upon the land and received the patent. The house — still standing, January 3, 1889 — was built the same year, and was made with the view of using it as a fort, as the Indians were quite troublesome. There were loop-holes arranged for firing the guns through. On either side of the door, about eighteen inches from the floor, a heavy hickory withe was put through the logs and securely Avedged from the outside, forming on the inside of the wall a bow, into which a heavy wooden bar was placed, with which the door could be made fast, and which secured it from any attack from the outside. The logs of the house are still cpiite solid. It is the oldest house in the county. Mr. James Griffin, still living HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 165 in this county, was born in this house in the year 1808. A.n Indian Scare. — At the time of the close of the war of 1812-15, and the establishment of peace between the United States and England, com- munication between the different parts of this country was very uncertain, and at times exceedingly slow. For instance, the battle of New Orleans was fought on the 8th of January, 1N15, and peace had been effected on the 24th day of December, 1814, and the treaty signed, though it was not ratified by Congress until February 18, 1815. So it happened that the news was late in arriving at Madison, but the few citizens who were here were happy on account of it, aud celebrated in the usual manner of the American citizen, by firing off guns and yelling. The residents of Ryker's Ridge, hearing the noise, sup- posed that it was an Indian attack upon the town, and after placing their families in the block house at Col. John Rykers' farm, and at the house of old Mi". John Thomas — the house just previously spoken of as Griffin's — the men went to town to help their neighbors repel the Indians. When they arrived in town and learned the news, they staid and helped to cele- 1 »rate, and as whisky was pretty plenty and entirely free, they became very drunk and delayed their return home till after night. As they came along the ridge whooping and yelling, the women, supposing they were Indians after scalps, closed and barricaded the door at Thomas 1 house, and prepared for a fight. When the men came to the house and sought admission, the women, not recognizing them, refused t<> let them in, but as no immediate attack was made upon the house, did not open fire on them, but continued to parley with them until they were finally recognized and admitted, amid great rejoicing. So rounded up the last Indian scare in the settlements of Jefferson county, in the summer of 1815. .George Richey came from Garrard county, Kentucky, and settled on Cliffy three miles from Madison, in 1806. Bazaleel Maxwell came from Ken- tucky, and settled in the vicinity of Hani >ver in this y ear. He was followed by relatives of the name of McCul- lough and Tilfords, who brought with them a preacher by the name of McClung. — See Rev. Love H. Jame- son's letter at another place. 1807. — In the spring of this year Mr. Archibald Dinwiddie removed to this county near to where Hanover now stands, from Henry county, Ky. The Indians were so troublesome that he returned to Kentucky. In 1800 he again came to the place which he had selected in this county and settled down and remained there till he died. The settlers built a fort or blockhouse upon his farm after his return. In the "Tract B >ok " of lands hi Jefferson county is found an entry of "the S. E. Quarter of Section 20, 166 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. Township 4, North Bange 10 East, July 15th, 1808,'' " located by James Edwards." The patent was issued to him but has never been recorded. When he first came here, there is no means at present to finding out, but it must have been previous to the date of the patent, either in that spring or during the year of 1807. The settlers, within the bounds of Jefferson county, previous to the year 1808, all made their homes on the tops of the hills ; at least all of whom we have any account did so. 1808. — Mr. William Hall squatted upon the ground, whereon the city water-works enginediouse now stands, in the spring of this year. He cleared a few acres of land and built a cabin in the spring of this year. He sold out his claim in the next year to Mr. Jonathan Lyon. This was the first settlement on the bottom ; all previous to this had located on the hill-tops. John H. Wagner, blacksmith, came in May, 1808. See sketch. Mi-. Mason Watts also came to the county in this year. He was the first white man Avho settled in Marengo township. He lived there for many years, but aftenvards went to Ripley county. His wife made for herself the first loom made in the county, out of a white walnut tree, doing the entire work with her own hands, so says the authority for this sketch. Mr. Watts was a man noted for his great strength, and prowess as a hunter. He followed hunting as his profession. In this year, "Gentleman Christo- pher Harrison" — as he is called in the court records of the county — is supposed to have come to this county. There was an inscription, "Christo- pher Harrison, July 8th, 1808," upon a beech tree which stood in front of his cabin, near to where Hanover now stands, which was supposed to have reference to the date of his arrival at that place. (See sketch of Harri- son.) 1809. — There seems to have been a great drawing to Jefferson county in this year, and the settlers spread out more over the country now within the present bounds of the county. We find them in the limits of what are now Hanover, Shelby, Monroe, Madison, Lancaster, Republican, and Graham townships. Previously there had been only a very few outside of what is now Madison township. We find the names of John Paul, Lewis Davis and Jonathan Lyons, the pro- prietors of the town of Madison, and Joseph Lane, at the north end of Dugan's Hollow, on the top of the hill. He afterwards entered land in the present confines of Monroe town- ship, seven miles north of this place and one mile east. He removed to it and lived there till he died. He gave the land for the Hebron church and graveyard, and was the first person buried there. His grave is unmarked and is now unknown. Thomas Hughes and David Hughes, his son, settled in Republican town- ship, near to where Kent now stands, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 167 but becoming alarmed by the Indian raids, removed to Madison and after- wards to a farm of Col. John Paul, at Clifty, where they remained until the year 1814, when David Hughes removed into what is now Lancaster township. He was from North Car- olina. Mr. William Robbins — see It's sketch — came to Indiana Territory this year and settled in what is now Shelby township. Mr. Alex. Chambers and son, Wil- liam, settled in Republican township and built a block house. See sketch of William Chambers. Williamson Dunn settled at Han- over during the year. See sketch. 1810. — Thomas Jameson settled on lands owned by Alexander McNutt, immediately opposite to Clifty Falls, on the south side of the creek. At this place the Rev. Love H. Jameson was born May 17th, 1811. He is still living at Indianapolis, his sight almost gone, a worth}" and honored Christian and a humble follower of his Master; patiently awaiting the Master's call and doing His will. He has faithful- ly preached "The Word 1 ' for many years, to the salvation of many souls. He is the beloved father of many in Christ. He is gentle, peaceful, ami Christlike in his life and character. John Booth and Samuel Burnett — both tavern-keepers — are supposed to have come to this county in this year. Robert M. Trotter, a hatter, Joshua Wilkinson, a carpenter, John Sering and Strickland, in the town of Madison, which was laid out in this year. William Ramsay built his mill in what is now Republican township. From these mills came the P. O. name, Ramsey's Mills; this was afterwards changed to the present name of Kent. 1811. — The increase of population this year seems to have been princi- pally at Madison, where the first sale of lots was made in this year, in Feb- ruary. Dawson Blackmore, a hatter by trade, came to Madison in 1811, June 14th, and built a log house on Wal- nut street, between Second and High, which was intended for, and was used as a fort, having loopholes pierced through the logs, through which to shoot if attack was made. Four and five families would frequently be there in the night time for safety. In a narrative by Blackmore, in 1850, he says: "The persons who were here then (i. e., when he came) were John Paul, Robert Trotter, a hatter, and family, John Sering, Jonathan Lyon and fam- ily, John Booth and family, first tavern keeper, Samuel Burnett, best tavern, Joshua Wilkinson, carpenter, Vawter family, and Joseph Strick- land. 1 ' At what dates Trotter, Booth, Burnett, Wilkinson and Strickland came to the territory is unknown, but it must have been early in 1811, or perhaps in 1810, as Blackmore found them here when he came. In another place the statement is made that Gen. Alex. Meek was admitted to practice as an attorney, at a court held at Wagner's log cabin, 168 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. so that Meek can be called an inhabi- tant at that time. In the early history of the Methodist Episcopal Church in this county, is found a statement of the forming of a class in the month of July of this year, consisting of James McClean and wife, Thomas Hughes and wife — formerly mentioned as comma; in 1809 — a Mrs. Cole, and George Burton. The arrival of these in the bounds of what is now Jefferson County is not now to be ascertained. In the same sketch, Judge Sparks is mentioned as having preached the first sermon in a house in the town of Madison. In this year Blackmore enumerates the cabiDS in Madison (See Madison.) Thomas Rosebery, Sr., settled in the present confines of Graham township in this year. " He purchased land from Robert Russell, an old pioneer who preceded him." 1812. — During this year there was quite an addition to the population of the county. In October of this year, Williamson Dunn, of Hanover, organ- ized a company of rangers, under the provisions of an Act f Congress approved January 8, 1812, "authoriz- ing the President of the United States to raise certain companies of rangers, etc., " consisting of a captain, three lieutenants, one ensign, four sergeants, four corporals and sixty privates. As twenty-five of these came from Ken- tucky with Ristine, who was the first lieutenant, the remainder belonged to Jefferson county, making forty-six men of war from this county in actual service. William Hendricks came to Madison during this year ; Rufus Gale and son, Elmore Gale, came to Madison August 12, of this year, aud settled on a farm in the western part of Madison. Samuel Demaree also came this year, and settled on Indian Kentucky. Henry Ristine came from Kentucky with twenty-five men to join Capt. Dunn's company of rangers. After his term of service expired, be settled here in Madison, and established a tannery on the ground now occupied by Dietz's tan yard, on Aulenbach Avenue. He also kept a tavern on the south-east corner of Mulberry and Main streets. He went from here to Crawfordsville, where he died. Among early names on the court records in the year 1812 are: Samuel Smock, William Cotton, and Williamson Dunn, Judges of the Com- mon Pleas Court. Isaiah Blankin- ship's name appears on a jury of enquiry on mill seat of George Shan- non, Sr., March 20, 1812. Blankin- ship was near Ramsey's Mills in Republican township. Thursday, June 18 mention of Wm. Ramsey's Mill is made in a petition for a road. Same day Samuel Burnett, license for a tavern, one year. Friday, 19 an order appointing Elisha Golay Inspector of Jefferson township. Jesse Gray, Inspector of Madison township. He lived out near Wirt. Thomas Taylor Inspector of Washing- ton township. October 23, 1812, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 169 the names of Robert and James Trot- ter, John M. Johnston, Janies Hicks, Abraham Fisk, Thomas McFarlancl, John Eads, David and Ebenezer Hillis. The following names are found composing the first Grand Jury of record. June term, 1812. Common Pleas Court. Christopher Harrison, Foreman. Jonathan Lyons. Garshom Lee, Paul Froman, Henry Sellars, David Cummins, James Watson, John M. Johnston, John Rhoads, David McKay, Thomas Hughes, James Edwards, Joshua Cane, Matthew Wise, Joshtta Wilkinson. The Grand Jury October, 1812, was : LlNSFIELD BRANHAM, Foreman. Wm. Vawter, Joseph Lane, James Underwood, John Hall, John Branham, John Rykkk, Alexander Chambers, James Ward, Thomas Stribling, James Mi Lane, Jacob Riioads. John Randalls, Joshua Wilkinson. Richard Hopkins, Gideon Underwood, Archibald Dinwiddie. The Linsfield Branham spoken of above was the father of Hon. David C. Branham, a well known citizen of our county, a sketch of whom is in another place. John Branham. men- tioned above, was a cousin of Lins- field, and left this county at an early day and went to Vernon, Indiana, where he raised a large family Richard Hopkins came from Vir- ginia and brought with him a number of slaves, whom he freed. He came to this State because he was convinced of the wrong of slavery, and desired to free his slaves, which he could not do in Virginia. He settled upon the farm now owned by John W. Scott, on Ryker's Ridge. After remaining here for a few years, he went to New London, which loomed up at that time as the coming city of the State and the West. He remained there until his death. 1813. — Wm. L. Reynolds came to Madison during this year. He is said to have driven the first dray ever seen in the town. He afterwards located near Dupont. See sketch of J. L. Reynolds. In this year the first settler in what is now Lancaster township, made his appearance, in the person of James Hays, ( from Columbiana county, Ohio) at the place where Landon's mills now stand. 1814 — Arnold Custer, with three sons, James, Jesse and William, came to Jefferson county during this year. He cleared four acres of ground and erected a log cabin on the present site 170 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. of Mud Lick. It was the farthest settlement north on the present Mich- igan road. In the following year they returned to Kentucky and brought the family. He was the old- est grandson of William Custer, the pioneer of that family in America. He had twenty-four sous, from whom came all of the host of Custers in this country. He was a citizen of Virginia. Arnold Custer was a relative of Daniel Boone by marriage, their wives being both named Schull. When Arnold Custer and his sons first came to this State they camped alongside of a big oak tree which had been blown down, and that they made their home till they built their cabin and it was ready for use. He came from near the salt works in Kentuckv, and when he brought his family over to h's Indiana 'home, he brought a cargo of salt on horseback, for his own use, and for sale to the citizens. In 1815 he and his sons went to where Vernon now is and cleared a patch of ground for Col. John Vawter. They built a cabin there, which stood near to where the Jennings county court house now stands. Arnold Custer and his sons may be termed pioneers of two counties of Indiana. Indiana. — They were always on the lookout for Indian*, and prepared for an attack. On one occasion, dining their first sojourn in 1 ndiana, they all went to bed at night full of Indian fancies. Clothing was scarce, and they had to do their own mending. The shirt of one of the boys needed some repairs. He concluded to do it that night, so he arose from the bed and taking; a bundle of bark lighted it at the fire and sat down to mend his shirt. He made no noise, and was attent upon the business in hand, — every motion he made was reproduced in grotesque shadow upon the walls and inner surface of the roof of the cabin. One of his brothers awaking, saw the shadows, and having Indian on the brain, immediately aroused the rest. They all seized their guns ready for the slaughter of the Indians who had so daringly entered their castle. In the dim and uncertain light, they were near to shooting the shirt mender before the mistake was discovered. Pioneer Incident. — The grand- mother of Arnold Custer had been to the house of a neighbor to warp a piece of cloth. When on her return she was captured by a baud of Indi- ans. They went so close to her own house that she heard the cry of her child. She was taken to Quebec and there sold, but managing to escape, she made her way back to her former home in Kentucky. When she arrived home she found that her hus- band in some way had heard of the prisoners being carried to Quebec, and had started to go for her. She immediately started back upon the weary road to the Canadas, seeking her husband. When she had traveled some few days she saw some men who were burying a body in a field near the road. She went over to them HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 171 and found that it was her husband, who had been attacked with fever but a few days after lie left home, and had died the day before, after a linger- ing illness of several weeks. Mr. James Jackson settled near Kent in November of this year. Gideon Gordon and Bill Thicksteen were also settlers in that neighbor- hood in this year. The Benefiels, two brothers, from Kentucky ; McLeland, also from Ken- tucky, settled in what is now Shelby township, in the fall of this year. Mr. Win. C. McLeland came here that year. All of these settled near to and around Buchanan's Station or blockhouse. Buchanan's Station was built in 1818 by William Buchanan, John and David, his brothers, and George Bene- fiel, upon the land of the three Buch- anan's. The fort was a square build- ing of sixty feet front, built solid, and pierced with loop-holes for tiring from. The upper story — rather the roof — projected over the wall of the main building, so as to overlook the sides. There were four block houses in aline, expending about 300 or -103 feet, in which the families of the country con- gregated and lived when danger of an Indian raid was feared. It was at this time the extreme frontier of the country in that direction, and was garrisoned the greater part of the time, for three or four years, by the rangers under Capt. Dunn and Capt. Hillis. It was situated about three miles north-east of Canaan on the line divid- ing Jefferson and Ripley counties. DR. ISRAEL T. CANBY was a large owner of towii property in Madi- son He came here about 1816, and lived here for many years, removing from here to Crawfordsville, some time about 1830. He was the father of Gen. R. Canity of the United States Army, who was killed by the Modocs in the lava fields. Gen. Can by was a boy when the doctor, his father, came here, and entered West Point from here. Early County Roads. — The early roads of the county were merely traces through the woods, but they sufficed for the use of the inhabitants, for there was but little matter to be transported and transportation was principally on horseback. Wagons -were rarely used, and these of the heaviest and most cumbrous kind. The early settlers of this ci >unty, for the greater part at least, had but little possessions in the way of household goods, and these were carried on horseback from their former homes. After wagons and Dearborns came into tolerablv general use, roads were cut through the forests. The first one leading out of Madison to the north, was up the point of the hill at the head of Mulberry street. Traces of this may be still seen along t'.e point. This led to the Vawter neighborhood on the top of the Michi- gan Hill, and thence to where North Madison now is, and out to the neigh- borhood of Wirt. The road up to Ryker's Ridge was up the river to Eagle Hollow, and up Eagle to the 172 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. first long hollow putting into it from the left, and up this on to the ridge. At this point, the Lawreneeburg road bore off to the east, going up the next long hollow corning down from the right. Later, the State road was made up the hill on the west side of Irish Hollow; coming to the top of the hill just opposite to the present toll-gate on the North Madison pike, and thence west of north, through Wirt and Dupont. Just at the top of the hill, and between this road and the railroad, on the west side of the railroad cut, stood the first church built in the county, a Baptist meeting-house, built by the Vawters principally, and called Mt. Pleasant. After this, was opened up the Gra- ham road, going up Crooked Creek valley to the head of it, and rising the hill there at the place of Mr. James Wilson, and from there on the range line due north for about seven miles. This was the route of communication for all of the north part of the county. The road extended over to Graham Creek in Ripley county. The Michi- gan road was laid out in the year 1831 and work was commenced upon it in that year. It led from Madison through Indianapolis to Michigan City on Lake Michigan. The road to Hanover and the west of the county went along the river and up the hill into Hanover; from there it branched off to Lexington to the west, Ramsey's mills to the northwest, and thence through to Graham town- ship, and to the south into Saluda. The roads in early times were like angel's visits ; " few and far between." The first attempt at supplementing nature, in order to have a firm road that would uphold the travel during the soft times of the winter season and the wet spells of the spring and sum- mer, was the corduroy. This was by splitting rails out of trees, or taking saplings or logs, and putting them across the road on a dirt foundation, which would support the wagons, and prevent " stalling in the mud." Those who have traveled upon this species of road need no reminder of the trials and suffering connected with them ; and to those who have been accustomed to the advantages of good pikes, it would be an utter impossi- bility to give such a description of them as to make them fully under- stood. As has been said : " Seeing is believing, but feeling is the naked truth." Demonstration, by a ride for a few miles upon such a road, is the only way by which appreciation of them could be had. When first placed in position, these rails are covered by a small thinness of dirt, but the rains and the shaking of travel soon recovers from this, and the naked rails are left, each one giving its own peculiar jar and jolt. The necessity of good roads was an axiom ever before the community, and about 1850 to 1854 plank roads were made from Madison to Greeusburg, Brownstown, Hanover, Lexington and Vevay. After these roads were tried for a few years, and found to be HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 173 impracticable on account of the expense attending the repairs needed upon them, they were finally aban- doned, and the present system of gravel, or macadamized roads, took their place. The county is now well furnished with these, ranning from Madison as the center, to all parts of the county, thus making communica- tion, throughout the entire space of it, practicable at all times of the year. There was an old soldier of the " war of twelve " who formerly lived in Milton township. He was an annual candidate for the Legislature, and always had his tickets printed with the picture of a soldier in the position of "Attention," upon them. His hobby was "the My-shag-in road." His plan was to make a road- bed of charcoal, by making a pit the entire length of the road, and placing the wood in it, burn it, thus leaving the charcoal as the road. Had he succeeded in his plan, there would have been a road resulting from it, far ahead of any we now have, in all of its parts. This was an entirely new departure, and was looked upon in that day as a chimera of the brain of a man who was what would now be called a crank. Whether it was an original idea of his or not, it has been tested since then, and is found to be of great worth and permanence as a road material. This man's name was Samuel Welsh. Abolitionism. — This county was settled largely by a class of people coming from slave States, who were convinced that human slavery was a sin, and for that reason fled from it in order to raise their families in a ter- ritory where its blight would not affect their children. As the Act of Congress passed July 13, 1787, estab- lishing the territory north-west of the Ohio river, provided : " Article 6 There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said ter- ritory, otherwise than in the punish- ment of crime." These men made Indiana their home. This feeling of the wrong of slavery was only strengthened by their resi- dence here, and finally develoj:>ed into what was known as the "Underground Railroad." This incorporal corpora- tion had two distinct routes through Jefferson county. The eastern route having its entrepot in the region of Eagle Hollow, and route of travel by wav of " Ryker's Ridge," along Indian Kentucky Creek through Shelby township, thence towards Canada. The western route had its entrepot in Saluda township; route of travel through Hanover, Smyrna, Lancaster and Monroe townships into Ripley county. There were many stations alone each of these routes. At each station there was generally a change of conductors. A very lively business was carried on along this road. Many of the active employees are still living. Many of them were known to the detectives of those days, but so well and secretly did they cany on their work, and so true were they to each other, and to what they held to be the 174 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. great principle of right for which they strove, that but few convictions were ever made under the law, which they were breaking, or at least disregarding. They will have their reward. It was very seldom that a convoy was seen during daylight. The mode of operat- ing has cever been fully divulged, but it ought to be ; and a full history of this work and the men engaged in it woidd make a most facinating book. Count;/ Court. — The first County Court was convened June 15th, 1812. It was entitled, "The Court of Common Pleas, for Jefferson county, Indiana Territory." The first judges were : Samuel Smock, William Cotton and Williamson Dunn. The court com- bined civil, probate and county busi- ness, and continued to transact all of the legal business of the county until Nov. 7th, 1814. At this time the " Circuit Court " was established and the criminal and civil business was transferred to that court, leaving only the probate and county business in the Common Pleas Court. The Court of Common Pleas was abolished at the time that Indiana became a State. The name of Jesse L. Holnian is found upon the records as Prosecutor of the Court of Common Pleas Court. His name appears as the first Presiding Judge of the Circuit Court. Williamson Dunn and Samuel Smock as Associate Judges. John Vawter was the first Sheriff of the county; John Paid the first Clerk and Recorder. John Sering was first Treasurer. The County Jail. — The first jail was built in the year 1811. Like the first court house, it was built of logs. One of the early chroniclers says : " It was one house built inside of another.' 1 It was supposed to be a place of secure keep for the rogues and malefactors of that day. It was located on the alley back of the present one. As mentioned elsewhere, the first item of record in tlit- way of business in the Commis- sioners' Court was: "Thomas Strib- ling, Sheriff of the county aforesaid, filed his petition against the jail of this county, which was ordered filed," Feb. 11th, 1817. On the 29th of Septem- ber, 1817, the contract was awarded to David Hillis, "to build a jail of logs, hewed ten by twelve inches. Dimensions twenty -two by twenty-four feet from out to out, of two stories in height, with a shingle roof ; a stairway to lead from the lower to the upper floor, inside of the rooms." Amount to be paid $800. This house was built east of the first one, nearer to Walnut street. The young men and boys of that period used the east side of this building as a fives-court, for playing that game of ball. The Committee reports that publica- tion was made for bids in the Repub- lican, a newspaper of Madison, and that the bid of James H. Wallace was the lowest and best bid. Thereupon the court awarded to him the contract to build a court house of brick, according to the plan fur- nished, at the cost of $2,700, to be finished by January 1, 1830. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 175 January 7th, 1833, "Win. ('<. Wharton, Sheriff, filed a protesl against the jail of the county, stating that it was "insufficient to keep prisoners," and " that there was no place tit for prison- ers for debt." The result of this pro- test was the building of jail No. 4, by Peck & Temperly. C. P. J. Arion was appointed superintendent of the con- structions. The presenl jail was built by McKinn A: Falconer, at a cost of $8,900, and wasrec ived bythe County Commissioners, on October 27th, 1849. The first, second, fourth and fifth of fhese jails were built on the same lo1 of ground, varying but little as to the precise spot occupied by the different buildings. The third, which was called the •' brick jail."' was located upon the back end of the lot now o cupied by the Upper Seminary. The first prisoner put into this bastile, was an old negro by the name of Bob Hopkins. He was a celebrity of the town for many years. He was brought here by his master, Richard Hopkins, and freed. He worked at anything lie could put his hand to when here, hut was usually employed on t he early keel and flat- boats as a cook and hand. lie was ;i great drunkard, but scarcely ever out of humor. He was put into this jail and in a few hours had made a large enough hole through the wall to crawl out of, ami thus liberated himself, making the first jail escape in the eount\. Court House.— A log court house was built in 1811. It stood on the south half of the court house square. Mi'. Simeon Hunt says: ''That it was a two-story building of buckeye logs, with stairs on the outside (south side) going xip to the jurj rooms." He also says, " that when the brick court house was built (1823), the old log house was removed to the "Shannon lot," on the south side of Main west of Jeffer- son, where Hagedon's saddlery shop now is ( L889). There it was used for man) years as store-rooms and dwel- ling houses." In 1823 the first brick court house was built on the site of the present one. During thy building of thi>. a< they were raising the large girders for the roof, Mr. Kirk, a shoemaker (the father of our former well-known citi- zen, (apt. John Kirk), was killed. .Mr. Kirk was assisting in pulling up the rope for hoisting, when it'broke, and the timber fell upon him, crushing him. The old brick court h use was an octagon in form, with the Judge's seat on the east side of the room, raised considerably above the floor. A large window was immediately behind the chair of the Presiding Judge; on either side of him was a chair for the Asso- ciate Judges. AKoitt one-half of the room was tailed off for the us:' of the bar, their clients, the witnesses, and the officers of thecourt. <>n the south side of the room a stairway led to the upper floor, where were the jury rooms. The foot of this stairway was on a line with the railing and entered 176 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. on the inside of the "bar," and the banister of the stairway acted as a continuous barrier with the railing, shutting the mere spectator out of the immediate presence of, and contact with, the court. The entire lower floor was occupied as a court room. The old court house was destroyed by tire Sept. 12th, 1853, and the pres- ent house was erected upon the same ground. This house was partially destroyed by fire in 1859. This house is built of stone up to the second floor. The ground floor is occupied by the county offices, and the Com- missioners' court room. To all of the offices except that of the Sheriff there are large tire- proof rooms attached, used for keepiug the records con- nected with the different offices. These rooms are large and dry, and of sufficient size to contain all of the records of the county at present. In i he center of the building there is a wide hall extending the entire length of the building, from the front vesti- bule at the entrance on ' Jefferson street. There is another hall of the same width leading from an entrance door at the middle of the house on Main street. This hall intersects the main hall. In the eastern part of the main hall a stairway leads to the sec- ond floor. Above the second floor the building is of brick. The second floor is used for the court room and offices. Like ancient Gaul, it is divided into three parts. At the front' or west end is a hall, or rather, a land- ing, for the main stairway from below, which starts on either hand from the main entrance on the ground floor. From this hall or landing, stairways lead on either side to the gallery of the court room. In the center is the court room, which occupies three- fourths of the entire floor; on the east, in the rear of the court room, on the south is a room occupied during term time as the Clerk's office. In the center is a small hall at the head of the stairway before spoken of. On the north is the Judge's room. Alongside of the Judge's room, to the west is a stairway leading to jury rooms, and up to the attic. On top, of the roof is a large cupola, in which is a clock and bell. On the west front is the main entrance to the building, which is an arcade of about thirty feet in length, and ten feet wide, consisting of three arches, sup-, ported in the front by stone pillars and masonry, the ends being closed. The approach to this is by five steps of stone, extending entirely across the building:. Surrounding' this arcade, and entered from the second floor of the building, is a beautiful open stone porch, the roof of which is supported by four huge pillars of stone of the Ionic order. The original cost of this structure was $36,000. Mr. David Dubach, now of Hannibal, Mo., was the archi- tect. The builders were David •Dubach, Henry C. Kyle and J. W. Hinds. The County Asylum — Is a farm of one huudred and twenty acres of land, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 177 having large buildings of stone, situ- ated about two and one-half miles west of Madison. The place is ample to sustain and keep all the paupers of the county. Under the early system of the country, the paupers were farmed out to the lowest bidder, but in the course of time this class had increased so much in numbers as to require a different arrangement for their care and keep. A Poor Farm was established by the county about three miles northwest of Madison. This was used for many years. Next, property was purchased upon Ryker's Rid^e, about two miles northeast of town, ami a large brick edifice was erected. This was used for some years. The house having burned, the commissioners sold that site and bought the one west of the city. Early Religion. — Copy of a letter from Rev. Love II. Jameson : Indianapolis, 5th Feb'y, 1889. W. P. Hendricks, Esq., Madison, Ind. Dear Sir: — Your letter of 25th ult. i eived; contents carefully noted. Mv very imperfect vision, and the difficulty with which I write, will account for my delay in answering. Any statements which I make will be confined to the first and second decades of the century. Any incidents occurring during the first decade, that I may mention will be as reported to me by my father and others who took part in them. The incidents of the second decade will consist mainly of personal recol- lection. What is now called Jefferson county began to be settled bv settlers from Kentucky during the first years of the century ; a settlement on Indian Ken- tucky creek gave it its present name. In the year 180<> George Richey, my uncle, from Garrard county, Ken- tucky, settled on Cliffy, three miles west of the present city of Madison, and one-half mile north of Edwards' Mill, on Clifty. He was followed by my father in 1810, who settled on lands owned by Alexander McNutt, immediately opposite Clifty Falls, on the south side of the creek. This was my birthplace. I was born on the 17th day of May, 1811. I always understood, from my father and others, that the city of Madison was laid out by Col. John Paul, Jona- than Lyons, and another whose name I have forgotten, in the fall of the yeai 1810, and the lots began to be disposed of in the spring of the following year. The country was being rapidly settled, and in consequence the town grew up quickly. During the last years of the first decade, Jesse Yaw ter and his brother Philemon, both of them Baptist preach- ers, settled in the vicinity of the site of Madison. Jesse settled on the top of what is now known as the Michigan Hill, and Philemon at the foot, in the valley of Crooked Creek, in the edge of what is now the old cemeterj . : My impression is that these men • Springdale cemetery is meant. 178 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. were the first men in the vicinity who established a church. They subse- quently build their meeting-house on the top of the hill immediately west of Irish Hollow, and called it Mount Pleasant, The preachers of the Baptist denomination who succeeded the Vawters, it will be impossible fur me to name in order of succes- sion, nor can 1, with any certainty, aive the date of their service or employment. Col. John Vawter and his brother James — sons of Jesse Vawter — and James Glover, a son- in-law, were largely instrumental in extending the church throughout the county. Col. John Vawter (if my memory serves me) kept the first store in Madison ; his place of business being on the southwest corner of Mulberry and Main Cross streets." As early as the year 1806, Bazaleel Maxwell settled in the vicinity of Hanover; he was followed by rela- tives bearing the names of Maxwell, McCullouih and Tilford, who brought with them from Kentucky a preacher by the name of John McClung. McClung was a licentiate of the Presbyterian Church, but had left that church before leaving Kentucky, and associated himself with Barton W. Stone. As soon as they reached the territory, McClung began to evangelize through the country and establish preaching places, from the mouth of Saluda to the east fork of Indian Kentucky, in the north part of * Miin and Main Cross was the place. what is now call.d Shelby township. He preached in the neighborhood of the residence of a Mrs. Snodgrass, on Saluda Creek; at Samuel Maxwell's, four miles west of Hanover, on White River; at Junes Crawford's, on the north bank of Clifty, three miles west of Madison ; at William Rickey's, on the middle fork, just above where the railroad now crosses that stream ; at Thomas Jameson's (my father's), on the Michigan road, nine miles north of Madison, and at George Myers' five miles north-east of Thomas Jameson's, on the east fork of Indian Kentucky, and three miles north of Canaan. He continued to minister in these several localities till the year 1820, when he removed to Indian- apolis, where he died shortly after- ward. He preached the first sermon ever preached iu Indianapolis, and died the week after. (See Nolan's History of Indianapolis. ) The second of these preaching places (Kent on White River), and the last two (Liberty, on the Michi- gan road, and Shelby, on east fork of Indian Kentucky) became and still remain churches. During th 3 second decade the fol- lowing traveling preachers visited and preached in these several places, viz. : Henrv Brown, Joshua Lindsay, Freeman Walden, Harrison Osborne, Benj. F.Hall, John Mavity, Fletcher Mavity, Francis D. Palmer, John Rogers, Samuel Rogers, Barton W. Stone, Joseph Trowbridge, Daniel Combs, William Kinkaid, Reuben HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 179 Dooley, James Hughes, and others whose names I do not now remember. These three churches, subsequently, came into what we now call the Reformation. At a very early period the Metho- dists began to establish themselves in Madison; this was during the first half of the second decade. The first preachers, to the best of my recollection, were Dr. John Heath, who used to visit and preach at Lib- ert)-, William Wallace, the father of James Wallace, and Dr. Oglesby. They soon became the leading religious denomination in town, and from that point spread over the country. The Presbyterians appeared during the first half of the second decade and were ministered to by the Rev. Mr. Johnson, with whom I was personally acquainted. There was a congregation of Seceders some two or three miles southwest of Hanover, ministered to by a gentleman whose name was Ful- ton. Any other items (in regard to the early history of Madison and vicinity that I am aide to furnish) it will afford me great pleasure to lay before you, if you desire. Very truly yours, L. H. Jameson. Churches. The first church organized in the county was the Mount Pleasant Bap- tist church, in March, 1807, on the hill near North Madison. It was first called Crooked ('reek church, but was afterwards changed in name. As will be seen by the biographical sketches, in this work the Baptist Christians were zealous in organizing churches wherever "two or three" were met together. They grew up with the county and now occupy a front rank. They have a large congregation in Madison and worship in a fine brick building on Vine street, between Main and Third. At present they are with- out a minister. Throughout the county are Wirt, Hebron, Hopewell, Dupont, Flatbottom, Ryker's Ridge and Saluda churches. There is a " colored " Baptist church in Madison. MetJwdist.— The Methodist church was first organized in Madison by the Rev. Walter Griffith, who was on the Lawrenceburg circuit in the year 1811. One account says it was in July, and another that it was in October of that year that he " formed a class at George Burton's house," which was at about the point where the city water-works engine-house now stands. Elijah Sparks, an attorney and afterwards a judge, was a zealous local M. E. preacher, probably the first man wh<> preached regularly in the town. Col. Patrick Brown, of Kentucky, preached frequently before 1811. Col. Brown removed to this count)", and lived and died on a farm two miles from town, on what is now known as the Tele- graph Hill. The first Methodist church building was made in Madison in 1816. It was a small brick house, situated on 180 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. the lot at the northeast corner of Main and East streets. The church grew and multiplied in the county until it is now tbe strong- est Protestant chinch ; their buildings are scattered all over the count}- and their names are many. In the city of Madison is Trinity church ; pastor, J. W. Turner, with a membership of sonic six hundred. They have a fine, com- modious brick building on Broadway ; North Madison, Mt. Zion, Olive Branch churches in Madison township; Morris Chapel and Pleasant Ridge in Milton ; Big Creek and Mud Lick in Monroe; Canaan in Shelby; Dupont in Lancaster. Churches in all of the townships. There are several churches of col- ored persons, of Methodist belief, in the county. Two of them in the city of Madison. Presbyterian. — In December, 1814, the Rev. "Win. Robinson, a Presby- terian minister, came to Madison and took up his residence there. There was no Presbyterian church at Madi- son, or nearer to it than Charlestown, in Clark county. Mr. Robinson taught school and pleached. Late in 1815 he organized the Presbyterian church in Madison, with a membership of fifteen or twenty, lie preached at first in the house of D. Blackmore, on Walnut and High streets. He was followed in July, 1819, by Thomas C. Searle, who organized the church at Hanover, on March 4th, 1820, with twenty -three members, , who had previously belonged to Mad- ison church. He was installed pastor of the churches at Madison and Han- over, August 13th, INl'O. He died October 15th, 1821, "a minister greatly beloved and very useful. 1 ' A Mr. Trimble succeeded him for a short time and after him Rev. James Johnson. During the pastorate of Mr. Johnson, the great scission in the Presbyterian church, in 1833, occurred, and he cast his lot with the new school and formed Madison Second, of which he was pastor for some years. He was followed by Rev. Henry Little, Harvey Curtis, Atter- bury, Keigwin, Fisher and others. Their present minister is Bev. J. II. Barnard, D. D. After the split in the church, the Old School church continued as the First Presbyterian church of Madison, under the care of Rev. W. Matthews, Dr. Owen, Mr. Leavenworth, F. T. Brown, Rev. Simms, Rev. Hawes, Pi of. Ryois, Dr. Archil, aid E. Barr, Win. C. Young and Dr. Simpson. Their present pastor is Rev. W. R. Brown, D. D. These are now united in one Assem- bly and under one faith. The Second Church building, a neatly finished brick, is on the northeast corner of Third and West streets. The house of the First Church is ou the north- east corner of Broadway and First streets. Jefferson church, in Shelby town- ship, was organized October 17th, 1818, by Rev. Orrin Fowler, of the " Connecticut Missionary Society, " with fourteen members. Lancaster HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 181 church, in Lancaster township — after- wards in Monroe township — was the Presbyterian church for that portion of the county. In Is.",:;, Monroe church was formed, in the scission of the church. At the healing of the difficulty these two churches came together under the name of Monroe, and exist as the Monroe.church t »-day. There is a neat stone church belong- ing to this congregation eight miles north from Madison. Smyrna Presbyterian church is situated in Smyrna township, eighl miles from Madison. Rev. A. X. Moore is in charge of this, Hanover and Sharon Hill. Sharon Hill is about four miles west of Hanover, in Republican township. At this time, January, L889, Han- over has a membership of 17:!; Sharon Hill, 57; Smyrna, 34; Malison First, 190; Madison Second, 14.'!; Monroe, 37 : Jefferson, :','.». Tin United Presbyterian. — There are two congregations of this church in this county. One at Madison, under the care of Rev. .1. L. Aten, and one at CarmeLin Hanover township, under Rev. Jackson. The membership of this branch of the church is principally among the farming community. lite Episcopal church. — There is but one regularly organized church of this denomination in the county; that is"Ohrist Church" of Madison. The membership is about 100. Rev. Heer- mans is the preacher. The Church in Jiesits Christ. — This denomination has a congregation m Madison, which was organized Maj 29th, 1836, with twenty-three members. J. M. Tilford was made bishop pro tun. There is one of their churches in Monroe township, called "Liberty," the oldest in the county; there arc several others through the county. The edifice in Madison is a ven nice brick, beautifully finished. They have no pastor at present. The United Brethren have several organizations in the county, but at present. there is no regular services held in any of their churches. The Roman Catholic. -This church has two fine edifices in the city of Madison : St. Michael's, at the head of Church street, on the north of Third, Father Gueguen, priest; and St. Mary's, on Second street, east of Wal- nut, Father Seepe, priest. St. Mich- ael's is the older building, and was for many years the only one in the city. It is of stone, and quite a large and good house. It is the church of the English-speaking members. St. Maiy's is a beautiful house of brick, and is the German Catholic church. At North Madison is another church, St. Patrick's, Father Wiederin- priest. The house is a substantial brick. At China is another Catholic church. The Universalist. —There is a church of this order in Madison ; the house, a pleasant little frame, is situated on Poplar Lane, near Third. There is also an organization in Saluda town- ship. 182 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. Acfoentists. — There is a society of Seventh Day Adventists in Monroe township, but there is no report of the organization furnished for publi- cation. Morgan Raid. — In July, 1863, dur- ing the late civil war, John Morgan, a General in the rebel army, passed through this county on his raid through Indiana and Ohio. His troops destroyed a great amount of property, but as their visit was somewhat restricted as to time, their opportunity for plunder was straitened also, to the advantage of the citizens of the county. Morgan seemed to be heading for Madison for the purpose of plunder, and of escape back into Kentucky, but the city was so well garrisoned by troops of the Indiana Legion, that he made a detour northward from Lexing- ton, Scott county, towards Vernon, Jennings county: so that the main body of his troops went only through the western and northern portions of the county. The route of his men was marked by wanton destruction of property, the roads being strewn with all kinds of portable property, taken from the houses and farms of the citi- zens, and when found to be in the way of the soldiers, or from panic of the pursuing troops under Gen. Hobsori, were cast aw a v in order to lighten their horses. The road from Dupont across to the Michigan road was covered with hams, shoulders and side meat and merchandise of all kinds taken from Maytield's pork house and the stores of Dupont. The fields of wheat alongside of the road, were, in many instances, entirely destroyed by the cavalry riding through them, and allowing the horses to forage upon the shocks, and by trampling them under the feet of the horses. The railroad bridges for miles on either side of the line of their march were burned, and the track of the railroad was torn up wherever any party of the rebels crossed it. The railroad track at Dupont was of such a construction as to resist their attempts at tearing it up and destroying it at that place, to the great astonishment of the rebels who had never seen any combination rails before. Five miles of the road (two and one-half miles on either side of Dupont) was laid with rails which lapped and were bolted together, so that the track for this distance was one continuous rail. The farmers of the county suffered considerable loss from both of the armies — the army of Gen. Morgan taking the best of the horses that they could find, and the pursuing army, under Gen. Hobson, taking the greater part of the remnant. In this case, the prayers of farmers were as hearty to be delivered from their friends as they had been before to be delivered from their enemies. For these losses, by the two armies, many of the citi- zens have not been reimbursed to this day. Although it was but a 'light touch of the hand of war, the people did not recover from its effects for years. May we not experience another, especially of the character of HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 18:? that, where brother was arrayed against brother for the destruction of each other. This was not true only as to the nation, but was a literal fact' as to families ; in one instance, a brother with the rebels sending a mes- sage to one of the towns to his brother that he would kill him on sight. Happily they did not meet. Madison. — The city of Madison is the county seat of the county, and the oldest town in the count}-. It was named for James Madison, President of the United States. There is no record of the date at which it was made the seat of government of the county. It had a population of 8.'.»4r> in 1880, and is supposed at this time ( 1889) to have about 10,000. History of Madison.— The town of Madison was originally laid out in the year 1810. The first sale of lots was made in February, 1811. The original town was laid off in a parallelogram of four blocks, contain- ing sixteen squares of eight lots each. It was laid out on the magnetic merid- ian, so that the streets ran directly east and west and north and south. The first plat contained live streets running east and west. High, Sec- ond, Main Cross, Third, and Back — now Fourth Street. High street was the southern boundary of the town, and. Back, the northern boundary. There were also rive streets running north and south at right angles with these, viz: Fast — the eastern bound- ary — Walnut, Main, Mulberry and West, which was the western limit of the town. The original town was embraced in section two, town III. north, range X east. The ground was originally purchased by John Paul, in the spring sale of lands at Jeffersonville, in the year 1809. He and Lewis Davis and Jonathan Lyons entered into a part- nership in the lands and laid out the town. The second sale of lots was held June 12th, 1812. Additions were afterwards made to the town to the east, west and north, extending the area of the town into section three, town III north, range X east, and into sections thirty- four and thirty-live, town IV north, range X east. All of the river front south of High — now First — was afterwards platted as liver blocks. These have Keen since subdivided, and thus the descriptions of city property are various and to a stranger seemingly complicated. In making the additions west to the original town, the trend of the river was followed, making a bend in the streets. The city of Madison is situated on the north bank of the Ohio river, on a plateau of ground which is really a peninsular tongue of land, formed by the waters of the Ohio river on the south and the waters of Crooked Creek on the north, and drawing towards and finally uniting with the ( >hio to the west. The city extends in length,' from east to west, something over two 184 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. miles, and from north to south about the distance of three-fourths of a mile. The ground is slightly rolling towards either water course, so that the whole city is naturally drained about equally toward each stream, and is conse- quently high, dry and healthy. It is about 1500 feet above the sea level. On the north of the city the hills arise quite abruptly to the height of nearly four hundred feet. At Wal- nut street there is a long hollow run- ning north into the hills for about two miles, down which Crooked Creek comes into the city and skirts along the foot of the bluffs or hills. Madison is situated iu latitude 38 degrees and six minutes north, and longitude 8 degrees ami 20 minutes west from Washington. The early history of the town is, like that of the county, hard to get hold of. The absence of the county records, before the year 1812, makes it almost impossible, after the death of the early settlei's, to establish any facts in regard to the early doings of the inhabitants. Almost every inquiry meets with diffei*ent answers, which have been partially learned and largely deduced, and principally guessed at ; so that the seeker after facts has a hard time to get them, although meeting constantly with persons desirous and anxious to enlighten and assist him. It is prima facie fact that the town was built, and it is acknowledged on all hands as to who were the first proprietors, but after that the skein is so terribly tangled that it cannot be straightened and unravelled. Stores. — Probably the first store in the town was kept by Col. John Vawter, who came to this county in 1806, with his father, Elder Jesse Vawter. His place of business was on the southeast corner of Main and Jefferson streets, just west of and opposite to the court house. When he established this store cannot be determined, nor how long he con- tinued it. He went to Jennings county in 1815, with David McClure, and they laid out the present town of Vernon. Afterwards he went to Indianapolis, when that place was determined upon as the seat of gov- ernment for the State. Later he was assisting in laying out and making the town of Morgantown, and again at some two or three points on the old Madison & Indianapolis rail- road. Another of the early mer- chants here was John Sering who, came in the year 1810, and was made county treasurer in 1X1:?. He was appointed as the first postmaster and held the office for many years. He kept a store on the northeast corner of Main and Jefferson streets, where Gertz 1 bakery now is. At a later date Mr. Sering established the first cotton mill in Madison. It stood on the ground now occupied by the resi- dence of Mr. James J. Sering, on N. Jefferson street. It had only machin- ery for making cotton yarn. This was made from cotton rolls or bat- ting, and was an industry of very HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 185 nearly as great importance in that day as the great cotton mills of our day, where the raw cotton is made into cloths of different grades by machinery. At that time the major- ity of all of the cloths that were used were made by the women from the raw material, whether of flax, cot- t >n or wool, carding by hand, spin- ning the thread, and then weaving on a hand loom. Dr. Drake & Co. started the first drugstore in 1813. Then followed Moody Park, Stephen C. Stevens — afterwards lie studied law and was one of the judges of the State Supreme Cuirt. The two Hunt's, John and Nat MeCabe & Co., Clarkson, John Meln- tir ', A. C. Lauier, David McClure, John Newberry, Wm. Robinson, John Sheets, B. W. G rover, V. and J. King Milton Stapp, all kept dry goods and groceries, boots and shoes, hardware etc D. Blackmore, John Lee, Robert Trotter, Win. Brown, C. Basnett, John Kirk, Jacob Luck, Hunter, were early time hatters. C. C. Jeffreys, Jones Simpson, Brant, McCullough were among the earl)' slvei smiths. Taverns. — John Booth was the first tavernkeeper, on the easl side of Jef- ferson street, below Second. Samuel Burnet built a log . tavern on the present site of the Masonic Temple; David Maxwell followed him. His tavern had a sign of two cross keys. After that it was known as the Bell tavern, because of the big bell which hung on the sign post. This tavern was torn down in 1837. Then followed Ristine at the corner of Mul- berry and Main, Cross and Stapp ; John Pugh on the site of the present Madison hotel; Ira Wells on Second street ; R. R. Rea on the south of the court house square. Physicians. — Dr. Fisk was the first physician. Dr. Hicks, Dr. Cravens, Dr. Good, two Dr. Howes, Dr. Watts, Drs. Norwood, Hodges and Rogers and Dr. McClure. The bar is spoken of in another place. Newspapers. — The Western Eagle was the first paper published in the town of Madison and the second one published in the State. TJie Western Sun (published in Vincennes, begin- ning in 1804), being the first one. It was established by Win. Hendricks and Wm. Cameron, the first numbei being issued on May 26th, 1813, at Madison, Indiana territory. In the address to the public the editor says it " will be published weekly, and printed on a royal sheet." It was a lour page paper, with four columns to the page. It had news fiom all over our country of from four to six weeks old. This paper continued in the hands of Hen- dricks and Cameron until the year 1815, when Hendricks sold out to Cameron. After that time there is no reliable history concerning it. Indiana Republican. — As nearly as can be determined, this paper was estabished by John Lodge. The date of publication was April 8th, 1817. It had as first editor, John Lodge. He edited the paper a little over one year. 1SG HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. He was one of the early citizens of Madison and was engaged in the plant- ing business for a number of years; afterwards he was engaged in mer- ehandise for some years. He Avas one of the first passenger conductors on the Madison & Indianapolis railroad, and was killed in an accident upon the road Nov. 1 4th, 1845. Col. < '. P. J. Arion, a brother-inJaw of Mr. Ledge, became the editor and co-proprietor of this paperin 1818 and was editor for fifteen years, withdraw- ing from the [tape]' August 22d, 1833. Mr. Arion was a Kentuckian by birth, and a brick mason and plas- terer by trade. "\\ hile he was still quite a young man his mother came to Madison for the purpose of freeing her slaves, and Mr. Arion came here with her. The Carter brothers, Jacob, Peter and Dick and their mother, were of them. Col. Arion made some money and was for years in quite easy circum- stances ; but later in life he lost in business, and went to Chicago many years ago. He died several years since quite poor. The Weekly Banner. — Early in the summer of 1833, Judge Courtland Cashing and Judge Ebenezer Patrick, of Salem, Ind., formed a co-partnership for the purpose of establishing a paper in Madison, Ind., and got so far as to circulate a prospectus and take sub- scriptions. This was the Banner, a weekly paper. After going thus far, an arrangement was effected between this paper and the Indiana Rep ii hi lean, also a weekly, before men- tioned. The result of this arrange- ment was that Judge dishing with- drew his connection with the Weekly Banner and Col. Arion withdrew his connection with the Indiana Republi- can, and the two were combined, with Judge Patrick as the editor, as the Republican and Ranner. — The first number of this paper was issued August 22d, is:;:;. Lodge still held an interest in the paper. In the absence of old files of the paper there are lapses of time not accounted for. John W. (jr. Simrall at one time was an edit r. In the year 1841, Mr. 1>. I). Jones purchased an interest in i his paper and was the editor, the firm name being Jones & Lodge. In 1847, Mr. W. W. Crail became a partner of Jones in the paper, and the firm was Jones A: Crail. In 1850 The Daily Banner was started by this firm, it being the first daily paper printed in the State. The Republican Banner and the Daily Banner were Whig in politics. Copy of a letter: "Madison, Ind., Jan. 1, 1889. Dear Friend: As requested, I furnish you such data as are in my possession, in regard to the subject spoken of: My father, Daniel D. Jones, was born in the county of Cardigan, in the south of Wales, on Thursday, Oct. 1st, 1801. John D. Jones, his father, emi- grated to America in April, 1817, with his family, landing at New York city, from which place he journeyed toBal- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 187 timore, Md. My father, about this time, I think, entered the Baltimore America/) newspaper office, where he learned the trade of a printer. * ' :: ' * When he left Baltimore I have no data. He left Baltimore and came west and located at Bardstown, K\.. where he for some time edited, pub- lished and printed a Presbyterian paper. Afterwards he was editor and pro- prietor of the Bardstown Herald, until he removed to this place (Madison, Indiana,) where he printed and pub- lished tht' Republican Banner, associ- ated with others in said paper. lie was married January 22d, 1829, to Miss Mary Margaret Simpson, by the Rev. J. T. Hamilton, of Louisville, Ky. His death occurred September 21st, 1851. Tuos. S. Jones." The paper passed under the direc- tion of Hon. John R. Cravens, a( the death of Mr. Jones. Succeeding him W. W. Woollen and Gen. Milton Stapp. Then W. H. Keys. This paper died shortly after the campaign of 1852. Madison Daily Tribune was estab- lished in 1851, by John (i. Seringand Milton Gregg. It was published but a short time when it was taken to New Albany, Indiana. Weekly Madison Courier. — This paper was established in 1N.37, by Mr. Grey, and passed into the hands of Doolitfle & O'Grady, O'Grady as editor, after Rolla Doolittle was edi- tor. Then S. F. Covington, later Col. M. C. Garber was the editor — and continued in charge of it until he went in to the P. O., when M. C. Garber, his son, was made the editor; he still is in charge of the paper. While Col. Garber was at the head of the paper — some time in the '50's — the Daily was commenced. This was stalled as a Democratic paper, but on account of the difference caused by the fugitive slave law in that party, Col. Garber drew off from that party, and finally became a Republican, and his paper a Republican paper. It is. now the lead- ing paper of the countj . Tin Daily Madisonian was estab- lished at this time (1852), by t lie Bright wing of the Democratic party, R. S. Sproule, editor. It only lasted tli rough the campaign. Tin Progress, edited by X. Man- ville, was established later as a Democratic paper, but lasted but a short time. Tin Daily Tin Press was estab- lished in the year 1867 by Llewellyn Jones ; I. D. Simpson, editor. It was quite successful till January 1st, Is 70. when the office burned. Major Simpson started a daily after the burning of the Free, Press. It was also called the "Fret Press."" It soon broke down. In ls7o\ Maj. J. D. Simpson started The Madison Star, an eve- ning daily, which he continued to the time of his death. It was finally bought out by the Courier Co. The Madison Herald. In 1875, a stock company started this paper as a weekly and semi-weekly paper, Dr. 188 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. ^Llewellyn Jones as editor. It after- wards changed hands and was edited by Mr. Lin Jones. Later, Mr. M. A. Barnett, who established a daily, was editor and proprietor. He sold an interest to Dr. Bartlett. It was then made a stork company again, with Mr. Lin Jones as editor. There have been some other papers printed in Madison, but the facts as to them cannot be satisfactorily obtained as they are not mentioned. Industries of Madison. — Flouring Mills. — Of all the industries of the city of Madison, perhaps that of mill- ing stands at the head, both as to time of beginning and as to importance. The earliest inhabitants had their grinding done at the "Old Grey Mill," at Mount Byrd, Kentucky. One of the first boys of the town — who is still Hying — says he recollects of hearing his father say that Elder Jesse Vawter told him " that he would come out on the point on his farm at Mt. (Had, and hail old man Grey at his mill across the river, asking him whether he could get his grist soon if he came over with it. if the reply was satisfactory, he would cross with it to the mill." This is thrown in to show the importance of the mill in the new community, and necessity for the election of one at as early a date as possible. The first mill known in this part of the county was Col. John Paul's, which was built on Crooked Creek, at the head of Mill street, iu the present city of Madison. Just when it was built cannot now be positively ascertained, but there is mention of it as early as 1814, and possibly 1813. It w r as run by water power. The next mill was built in 1831-3-2, by Sam. K. Page, Richard Dearborn and Alexander Washer. A large steam mill, on the site now occupied by the stove foundry works. The first building was frame which burned, and the elegant Star Mills, brick was built. David "White fitted up as a mill about 1S46, an old stone building at the east end of the city. This was built for a mill by Dr. Israel T. Canby many years before, but had never been fitted for work, no machinery having been put into it. Then the Magnolia Mills at the foot of Broadway was built in 1850 or L851. This burned in the fall of 1854. The next was the Palmetto Mills, built by Wm. Griffin, occupying the site of Johnson's starch factory. It was enlarged by Shrewsbury and Price who run them for a few years. They were destroyed by fire October 28th, 1858. In 1856, M. Isaac Dulton fitted up a mill on the north-east corner of West and Second streets, which he sold to Mr. W. W. Page. M. Page sold to Messrs. Trow & Stapp December 11th, 1858. They continued there till August, 1869, when they fitted up the large building opposite on the south side of Second street, and ran a large mill there till 1881, when it burned. In 1882, Wm. Trow & Son built the present large mill at the foot of Broad- way. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 189 About I860 there was a mill fitted up in a large.building on the west side of Jefferson, at < >hio street, which was used as a custom mill. It finally was burned in 1878 or 1879. In 1802, Mi'. Gordon fitted up a mill on Main street, between Broadway and Poplar Lane. He afterwards builta lartre brick mill at the same place, which is now the Taylor-Hitz Co. mill. A little later, \Y. W.Page established a custom mill at the north-east corner of Main and Broadway. T. A. Pague and A. Schiek fitted up a mill on West street, on the south bank of Crooked Creek, but ran it but a short time. Stapp & Trow afterward bought it, and ran it till it was blown up. Schneider & Wehrle fitted up the old Shuh oil mill for a custom grist mill, and ran it for sometime. About L866, R. J. Hurlbut and Capt. Haynes used this mill, grinding hominy, corn meal and flour. It passed into the hands of Louis Rock. Oil Mills.— V. & J. King had prob- ably the first oil null, for making Lin- seed oil, in the town. Afterwards Jacob Shuh put up a steam mill for making oil, combining a carding machine with it. About 1845, Whitney A- Hendricks built a large mill for making linseed oil and meal, and quite an extensive woolen mill attached to it. This mill was on the east side of AVest street, and north of the creek. It proved too large a business for the place. Castor Oil Mill— In 1849, Milton Gregg and E. Morehouse built a large mill for making castor oil, just south of the last-mentioned mill. This indus- try was in advance of its day and went under. Coif mi Mills. — The second cotton mill of Madison was built by a man by the name of Ballentine, and became the property of V. tfe J. King. It was a steam mill, and quite a large thing for the date. The machinery manu- factured the yarn from the raw mater- ial. The King Brothers ran it till the improvement in machinery at other places made this unprofitable, when they closed down. The old mill stood on the west side of Central avenue below First, below the second bank or rise from the river. It was two stories and an attic in height, the first story being below the street. It was afterwards made into a planing mill by Todd & Kyle. Later it- was a paper mill, owned.by R. Manville. Finally it burned. At the time it was 1 niiltjit was as advanced, comparatively, as the present mill on Church street. For many years the cotton industry was quiet in Madison; but in 1883 it was revived, and the Eagle Cotton Mills were built in 1*84. Woolen Industry. — The first men- tion of this industry is, "that the Rev. Wm. Robinson, the first Presbyterian preacher, erected a 'carding machine' on lot 36, Old Town. After Mr. Robinson was John M. Watson ; then came Braxton AYilson in the house on the south side of Third street, and the east side of the first alley west of West street. Old Father James Cot- 190 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. torn was the foreman and carder. Then came the carding rooms of Mr. Shuh, with Father Cottom as carder, referred to at another place, where the power used was steam. Next was the card- ing moms, and manufactory of Whitney tfc Hendricks — before mentioned. Af- ter this, with a long interval, was the Schofield-Hague mills at the foot of Central avenue, where the Globe Tobacco Works now stand. Some time after, the Schofield mills, north- east cornei' First and Jefferson. Last, the present extensive establishment the Louisville and Madison Woolen Mills, at the corner of West and Second. • This mill is prepared to do any kind of work in their line. Jin weries. — Old man Salmon had a brew-house at the eastern end of Second street, at about the present site of the Madison Brewing Go's build- ing. This was probably the first establishment of the kind in this vicinity. The next was the Schick Brewery, which was situated on Jefferson, north of Fourth street. This was abandoned as a brewery some years since ami fitted up as a canning factory. There was Abple's Brewery, at the head of Fourth street. Mat. Greiner built a large brewery on the ground at the head of Second street which was afterwards enlarged and the Madi- son Brewing Co. was formed. P. Weber built the Union Brewery on Main and Vine streets. Both of last- mentioned are in full operation, and very large concerns. Madison beer and ale were in long past, farm >us all over the West for their superior quality. Now they rate with others all over the country. The difference iu the purity of the water is the probable cause. SJiipyards. — The first shipyard of the town was operated by Joseph Howard and P. Einmerson, partners. It was established early in the decade of '30, and was situated at the extreme upper river front of the town, just below where the Mammoth Cave Pork House stood. They afterwards went to Jeffersonville and Howard estab- lished a yard there. Barmore, who started a shipyard in Jeffersonville, was a workman in the yard here and went to Jeffersonville with Howard. The Madison Murine Railway Shipyard was established in 1850 and has been in operation ever since, with fluctuating success and failure. At present it is in good condition and is prospering. The Madison Dry Dock Co. — A sketch of this is given by Hon. Jos. T. Brashear, Mayor. Sketch of the Madison Dry Dock, furnished by Hon. J. T. Brashear, Mayor. "In the year 1851), Jos. T. Brashear, Louis II. Vance, Henry Thompson, William McCleland and Samuel Beaty organized the Madison Diy Dock Com- pany, for the purpose of building and repairing steam boats and water crafts. The first boat the company built was the ferry boat Union, for Capt. John Abbott, to run as a ferry between HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 191 Madison and Milton, Ky. They then built their dry dock, the dimensions of the dock as follows: 192 feet in length, 52 feet in width and 11 feet in depth ; was finished and launched in the summer of 1860. The first boat that was placed on the dock for repair was the Ida May, in the fall of 1860. The company built the fol- lowing boats : Leslie Combs, for Capt. Stivers, for Kentucky river ; ferry boat O'Conner for New Albany, Lid.; Fannie Brandies for Capt. Thomas Boles, of Evansville, Ind ; Mattie Cook for Capt. Adam Liter for Green river ; two middle barges for Memphis Packet Co.; Carolina for Capt. Isaac Tallay of Madison ; Fantom for Capt. Charles Irwin of Madison ; ferry boat Lucy Taylor for Capt. Taylor of Hamilton, Mo. ; Indiana for Capt. J. S. Neal, of Madison, for the Cincinnati and New Orleans trade ; Calumet for Read river trade ; Mollie Gratz for Madison and Louisville trade; Rob Roy and Andrew- Johnson for the St. Louis and Keokuk Packet Co. The company did a large amount of repairing of old boats. In the spring of 1865 the dock was sold to Capt. Henry C. Watts and others. They erected a roof over the entire dock and loaded the dock with hay. They put 1,650 tons on her. She was taken in tow by the steamer Hazell Dell and taken to New Orleans. After disposing of the hay, Watts & Co. sold her to some New Orleans parties who used her for docking small crafts. Foundries. — The first foundry was carried on by Edward Shields s more than improved, as that would be only in appearance. Fire Insurance. — The city is well fitted in water works, getting their supply from the river above the town. The water is forced up to the reser- voir on the side of the hill at the head of Second street, some two hundred feet above low water mark. There are also two reservoirs at the west end of the city, on a level with this one, supplied by springs and a pollywog. The elevation of these reservoirs is sufficient to force the water on top of the highest houses, by simply attach- ing hose to the fire plugs. ■ By this means fires are frequently drowned out without the use of the steam fire engines. Consequently the per cent, of loss by fire is much less than in other places of the same size. There are three steam fire engines belona-ina: to the city. Each one of these is kept and operated by volun- teer fire companies. Belonging to each of these fire companies are hi >se reels, carrying large quantities of hose for attaching to tire plugs, and to the engines, which force the water through them onto the fire. There is another fire company which has only hose. Summing up. — Madison was a place of much note at the early part of this century. To it was attracted a very HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. great number of people of all classes, characters and occupations. In 1816 and up to 1850, it was one of the points of attraction as a new and STOwing; town in a new and growing o o Do country. There were speculations in town. lots, and in all other possibilities of fortune-making that are now sought in the new towns of the West. It had its great boom ac they have, and prop- erty was up to fabulous prices. The capitalist w as attracted to it as a place of investment ; the mechanic as a place where he could get work ; the merchant as a good opening for his business, and as a growing place ; the lawyer and doctor were attracted to it as furnishing a good opportunity for fame and riches ; and it was especially attractive to the young men of that day. The beauty of the location and its natural surroundings was added to all of the others which have been enumerated. All of these combining, caused an inflow of men of mark on account of talent and ability, such as but few other places of that day or since has had. In the first fifty years of the century, but few of the men of prominence in this country, — and of foreigners, traveling for instruction or pleasure — but that made Madison a point of visit. Many men who were afterwards of national fame were citi- zens of the old town. J. F. D. Lanier and Hugh McCullough were young business men of this city. The liar of our city in those days stood head and shoulders above any other in this State, and was the peer of any in all of the country. In legal attainments, as counsellors and as advocates, none surpassed the members of it. Judo-e Miles C. Eogrleston, "William Hendricks, Sr. and Jr., the Brights, Sullivan, Marshall, Glass, Dunn, Car- penter, Gen. Meek, and many others of those who have passed away. In the political arena, Madison has produced many names of honor and worth, both of State and national fame. William Hendricks, the first Member of Congress from this State, second Governor of the State, and United States Senator for twelve years ; Jesse D. Bright, who was Lieu- tenant-Governor of the State, United States Senator for about sixteen years, (and for four years of that time Presi- dent of the Senate) and others for a mention of whom space is wanting. As financiers, Lanier and McCul- lough have already been mentioned, but Gen. Milton Stapp, Canal Commis- sioner for this State and agent of State, and M. G. Bright, Agent of State for Indiana for many years, may properly be mentioned as men of national repu- tati< >n. Those of local or State fame are quite numerous. Lucius Barbour — the clock peddler — Jonathan Fitch, Na- than Powell, Jesse Whitehead, David White and so on. Names might be added to the list, almost ad infinitum. The army has had many illustrious names on its list from Madison. At the head and most conspicuous, that of Gen. Richard Canby, — or as the " old boys" of his times call him "Dick." In the navy is the name of Com- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 197 mander Napoleon B. Collins, of the ship Florida, a man of t world-wide fame, Capt. B. B. Taylor and others. If Madison is not known to general fame, it is. not on account of illustrious and honorable men as her citizens in the past, or at the present time, nor from want of business possibilities, as living is cheap and the town is healthy. It is " beautiful for situation," and nature is lovely all around her. There is the best of water and air, streets clean and dry, and lighted at night by the electric lights in all parts of the town; good hotels, and all other accommodations. Good town and good people. Give a call upon us and try our beautiful " little city under the hills," and see if she will not do as a place to live in, and to do business in. Towns of the County. Barbersville, in Shelby township, in section three, town V north, range XI east, was laid out by Enoch Bray and Thomas H. Bray, December 18th, 1848. It contains one store, a post- office and a school-house. Brooksburgh, Milton township, in section one, town III north, range XI east, was laid out by Fletcher Tevis, November 21st, 1843. It has several stores, a blacksmith shop, church, school-house, post-office, a printing- office. It is a well-built, pretty village. Bryantsurgh, Monroe township, was laid off by Jacob Bryant, March 5th, 1834 It contains a post-office, three stores, two blacksmith shops. It has a population of about 60. It is in section eleven, town V, range X east. Canaan is in section 21, town V, range XI, in Shelby township ; was laid off August 1st, 1836, by John Cane. It has several stores. One drug store, a cigar manufactory, a Methodist church, a fine public and high school building. Twelve miles from Madison. Deputy, Graham township, section seventeen, town IV, north, range VIII east, was laid out by Foster C. Wilsou March 29th, 1871. It is on the short line railroad from Louisville, Ky., to North Vernon, Ind. It has a popula- tion of about 300. Eighteen miles from Madison. Dupont, Lancaster township, on the J. M. & I. railroad, is in section ten, town V north, range IX east. It was laid out by James Tilton, of Wil- mington, Delaware, and named after his old friends, "the Duponts," powder makers, of Delaware. It has two churches, Methodist and Baptist ; a fine school-house, a number of dry goods and grocery stores, drug store, post- office, railroad station, agricultural implements warehouse, several black- smith shops, wagon- makers shop, a steam saw, grist and commercial mill. Its population is about 300. Fifteen miles from Madison. Hanover is a post office six miles west of Madison, section twelve, town III north, range IX east. Has a population of about five hun- dred. Well supplied with stores, blacksmith shops, a steam flouring mill, Presbyterian church, Methodist church and College building. 198 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. FACULTY OF HMOYER COLLEGE. D. W. FISHER, D. D., President, HOLLIDAY PROFESSOR OF LOGIC AND MENTAL PHILOSOPHY, AND CROWE MEMORIAL PROFESSOR OF BIBLICAL INSTRUCTION. Rev. JOSHUA B. GARRITT, A. M., PH. D., KING PROFESSOR OF GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, ANdViNSTRUCTOR IN FRENCH. FRANK LYFORD MORSE, A. M., SILAS C. DAY PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY. A. HARVEY YOUNG, A. M., AYERS PROFESSOR OF NATURAL SCIENCES. JOHN F. BAIRD, A. M., PROFESSOR OF LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, INSTRUCTOR IN GERMAN AND SECRETARY OF THE FACULTY. HUGH H. YOUNG, A. M., ASSISTANT PROFESSOR. Miss CALLA JAMES HARRISON, TUTOR IN MATHEMATICS. Miss MADGE E. GARRITT, LIBRARIAN. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 199 Hanover College is beautifully situated upon the top of the river bluff, and commands magnificent views up and down the river. The institution is under the control of the Presbyterian church, and was established in 1833. Subjoined is a full history of the college, taken from the "General Catalogue of the Alumni of Hanover College," 1833-1883." Historical Sketch of Hanover Col- lege. — Hanover College was the out- growth of a desire on the part of the Presbyterian Church in Indiana to provide herself with an educated ministry. The church in the East could not supply the ministry needed for the widely scattered but con- stantly growing population of the West. Animated Avith this desire the Presbytery of Salem, embracing Indiana and Illinois, and connected with the Synod of Kentucky, in 1826, requested the pastor of the church at Hanover, Rev. John Finley Crowe, D. D., to open and conduct an Acad- emy until further provision could be made. This school was opened January 1st, 1827, with six pupils, in a log cabin, near where the Presbyterian church of Hanover now stands. This was the humble beginning of Hanover College, and of the North Western Theological Seminary, at Chicago, Illinois. In May, 1826, the Synod of Indiana was constituted, consisting of the Presbyteries of Salem, Madison, Wabash and Missouri. The school at Hanover was committed temjjora- rily to the Presbytery of Madison. This Presbytery applied to the Leg- islature of the State for a charter, and that body on the 30th of Decem- ber, 1828, passed an act incorporating Hanove* Academy. The Academy was taken under the care of the Synod of Indiana in 1829. The following resolution was adopted by that body: "Hesolved, That this Synod adopt Hanover Academy as a Synodical school, provided the Trustees of the same will permit the Synod to estab- lish a Theological Department, and appoint Theological Professors." The condition was readily granted, and the Synod at once unanimously elected the Rev. John Matthews, D. D., of Shepherdstown, Virginia, to the chair of Theology. Dr. Mat- thews accepted, and with character- istic zeal gave his whole time and talents to the interests of the insti- tution. The Theological Department was continued at Hanover for ten years, when it was removed to New Albany, Indiana, in 1840. The Academy which was chartered in 1828, had been steadily growing ; regular college classes had been formed and in 1833, by act of Legis lature, the institution was incorpo- rated as Hanover College. By active agencies in the East and West, funds had been collected and the necessary buildings had been erected for the Preparatory, Collegi- 200 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. ate and Theological Departments. The Rev. James Blythe, D. D., of Lexington, Kentucky, of the Presby- tery of West Lexington, and exten- sively known throughout the Church, was in 1832, secured as the first Pres- ident of the College. The first cata- logue issued after the change in the charter presents for all departments a Faculty of seven Professors and four assistants, and one hundred and eighty -three students: Theological 7; Collegiate 63; Preparatory 113. The Board of Trustees consisted of eighteen members, among whom were these pioneers of Church and State : Rev. John M. Dickey, Pres- ident ; Rev. James H. Johnston, Secretary ; Hon. Williamson Dunn, Treasurer ; Victor King ; William Reed; Hon. Jeremiah Sullivan; and the Rev. Samuel Gr. Lowry. The only survivor of the Faculty of 1834, is Hon. William McKee Dunn, LL. D., Washington, D. C. The location of the College in that day was within the corporate limits of the village of Hanover. All that remains of the old buildings, is so much of the principal edifice as is embraced in the present Presbyterian church, and one of the shops now occupied as a private residence. None of the real estate or property now forms any part of the present property of the college. The farm lay north of the Spear property and west of Prof. Garritt's place. The Presbyterian church includes the chapel, two recitation rooms and part of the second story. So remarkable was the success of this pioneer institution of our church in the West, that the catalogue of 1834-5, shows an attendance of 236 students: Theological 10; Collegiate 77; Irregular and Preparatory 149. These students were gathered from a wide territory, embracing every State from Pennsylvania to Texas and Missouri. This is explained by its location on the Ohio River. But this prosperity was followed by a period of darkness and trial. The Manual Labor System, for aiding poor stu- dents, attempted by many institutions of that day, was tried at Hanover. It failed and involved the institution in debt for every day of its continu- ance. It had to be abandoned, the expense of education was largely increased, and a necessary consequence was the withdrawal of a large num- ber of students. While embarrassed by debt and this partial withdrawal of support, a fearful tornado swept over the place in 1837, and left the principal college edifice in ruins. From these misfortunes, the college rallied, repaired its buildings, and cancelled its debts, but without endowment, was left in a feeble con- dition. President Blythe's connection with the college closed in 1836. For two years Dr. Matthews, of the Theologi- cal department acted as president, and in 1838, the Rev. E. D. McMaster D. D., LL. D., was elected to that HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 201 post, where lie remained five years terminating Lis presidency by a mem- orable epocli in the history of the college. The Board of Trustees was a small body, a close corporation, but indirectly influenced by the Synod, and liable to the control of a power- ful mind and local influences. Under the leadership of this eminent and able man. a part of the Board of Trustees adopted a resolution to sur- render their charter to the Legislature in return for the charter of a Univer- sity at Madison. Thus the College was divided right down through Board, Faculty and students, part going with President McMaster to Madison, and part remaining with Vice-President Crowe at Hanover The Synod retained all its early con- victions of the importance of Christian education by the Church, and it was a day of great men. A struggle fol- lowed in which "Greek met Greek."' In the Synod of 1>44, Madison Uni- versity was offered to it as a Synod- ical College. The offer was declined. and the Synod ordered the continu- ance of its College at Hanover. A new charter was obtained, said to be the most favorable in the State, con- ferring the powers of a University, and placing the Institution fully under the control of the Synod of Indiana. This it does by giving to that body the right to elect one-half of the trus- tees and through them a voice in the election of the other half. The rights and franchises of the original Syaod have descended to the present Synod of Indiana. On account of the changes in the Synods since the reunion of the two former branches of the Pres- byterian Church some alterations have been made in the mode of choosing the members of the Board, but only such as are consistent with the Charter. For instance, the Alumni Association now annually nominates a member. But the College still remains, as it ever has been, firmly bound to the Presbyterian church. Through the trials and sufferings which have almost everywhere marked the histoiy of higher education in America. Hanover College has at a comparatively small cost done an immense work for Christian education in Indiana and the Republic. Upwards of four thousand students have been educated in whole or in part within its walls, many of whom have attained high distinction and usefulness in the ministry, law, medicine and science. It has graduated 544 students in the Departments of Science and Arts and Theology, and a much larger number have completed the Preparatory course, and gone out from the lower classes. These students are scattered throughout the Republic and in many foreign lands. Space permits the mention of but few of the Christian men and women who are identified forever with this early scheme of education by the Church in our State. In this latter day it is an honor to be numbered among their success >rs. To no man, perhaps, do the citizens and Pies- 202 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. byterians of Indiana owe a larger debt of gratitude than to that eminent man of God, Dr. John Finley Crowe, who for thirty years with heroic benevolence, self-denial and fortitude, identified his time, talents and inter- ests with the cause of education in our Church. Judge Williamson Dunn is another name illustrious in our early history, among the founders of Hanover and Wabash Colleges, giving first to Hanover and afterwards to Wabash the grounds upon which they were severally built. Another pioneer, Mrs. Mary T. Lapsley, of New Albany, has been the most munificent benefactor , to this early effort, giving over $30,000 — standing steadfastly by the College in its dark- est days, and securing an imperish- able name among the Christian edu- cators of the West. Another earnest, modest, learned pioneer, the Rev. Win, A. Holliday, of Indianapolis, left one-third of his estate now consti- tuting $20,000 of the permanent endowment of the College. Still another pioneer, John King, Esq., of Madison, after a life of prayerful devotion and generous gifts to Han- over College, left by will $13,000 more. Others of smaller means, whose names will not be forgotten by God or man in the early annals of Presbyterian ism in Indiana, have added from time to time to the resources of the College. The most recent considerable addition to the means of the College has been for the purpose of erecting a suitable building as a home for students. The College is now out of debt and is living within its means. But it greatly needs additional funds, both to afford a proper support to the men engaged in its work, and also to enlarge its equipment to the scale which the times and the opportunity demand. Kent, Republican township, is in section thirty-two, town V north, range VI east. Was platted by James Blaukinship, April 9th, 1S53, and for- merly called Ramsey's Mills post office. There are three good stores, two churches, a good school-house, a large flour mill, two doctors' offices, a black- smith shop and post-office. The popu- lation is about 350. It is a nice clean, tidy-looking little place. It is eight miles west from Madison. Lancaster, Lancaster township, is in section thirty-three, town V north, range IX east. Post office, several stores, one church, a fine merchant mill and school-house. Situated at the con- fluence of Big Creek and Middle Fork, on the north side of Big Creek. College Hill is just across Big Creek from Lancaster. Subjoined is a sketch of the college formerly located there. College Hill. — This institution was founded in 1850 by Elder Thomas Cravens and son, John G. Cravens. It was called an Elentherean college. It was located at Lancaster, Lan- caster township, Jefferson county. It was intended as a school where all HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. •jo;; could be educated without regard to color, but especially in the interest of the negro. It was founded by Elder Thomas Cravens and his son John G. Cravens. They came to Lancaster in 1848 and taught school in a church house that year. In 1849 they built a boarding house. In 1850 they began building the college edifice. Their ideas Avere so obnoxious to some of the neighbor- ing citizen that the church and some of the boarding houses were burned, and the founders of the institution were persecuted in various ways. Notwithstanding all these hindrances, they persevered, and erected a large stone college and a stone boarding- house. In 1855 they commenced teaching in the new building. The organization was: President, Elder Thomas Cravens ; John G. Cravens, Professor and Business Man- ager. Trustees : James Nelson, John H. Tibbets, Lyman Hoyt, David Hughes and Lemuel Record. After some mouths they had from seventy-five to eighty students and boarders, about equally divided as to color. It was in its prime from 1857 to 1860, and has gradually dwindled away until the school ceased to exist and the building now belongs to the township, and is used as a public school building. North Madison, Madison township. Section twenty-seven, town IV north, range X east. It was platted by Robert J. Elvin, AVni. H. Branham, and David Branham, October 27th. 1846. It has a post-office, several store3, a Baptist, Methodist and Cath- olic church, a fine public and high school building, and a large number of railroad buildings. Its population is 1,000. It is located at the head of the inclined plane of the railroad, one and three-quarters' miles from Madison. Wirt, Madisou township, is in sec- tion seven, town IV north, range X east, was laid out by John W. Parsons and James Burns, July 18th, 1837. There is a store, blacksmith shop and post office here. Population of about fifty. There is a Baptist church and a school-house in the town. There are two resident physicians. COL. JOHN PAUL was the fourth child and second son of Michael Paul and Ann Parker, who were married at Germantown about the year 1751 or 1752. Michael Paul was a native of Holland. The time and place of his birth is unknown, as is also the date of his emigration to this country, and the fact as to whether he came alone, or with others of his father's family ; however, it is known that he had two brothers who lived at the same place — Germantown, Penu. He left Ger- mantown in the year of 1766 or 1777, and weut to Redstone, Old Fort, now Brownsville, Penn. From there he went to what is now West Virginia, and from there, in 1781, to Hardin county, Kentucky, where he died in 1801. Ann Parker was born in German- 204 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. town, Perm., in the year 1724. She belonged to the order of the Dunkards. She was a cousin to Rev. Samuel Davis, D. D., a noted Presbyterian preacher of that day, and president of one of the early theological schools of Pennsylvania or New Jersey (perhaps of Princeton.) She' died in Hardin county, Ky., in June, 1813, at the age of 89. They were the parents of seven children. John, the subject of this sketch, being the fourth. He was born in Germantown, Penn., November 12th, 1758, and died June 6th, 1830, in Madi- son, Ind. He went with his father to Brownsville and to Virginia, and after- wards to Kentucky. In the year of 1778, he went with the expedition of Gen. Geo. Rogers Clark in the campaign against the Indians in Illinois, Indiana and Ohio. The expedition went by boats from Louisville, Ky., to Kaskaskia (now) Illinois. When they debarked at Kas- kaskia, the soldiers had to wade for a great distance in water up to the armpits, carrying their guns and pow- der horns above their heads to keep them dry, before reaching the fort. In 1794, he was married to Miss Sarah Thomberry Grover, at Danville, Ky. She Avas born in or near Baltimore, Md., March 21st, 1775, and went to Kentucky with her parents somewhere in the decade of 1780. They had four children, Mary Berry, the oldest, dying quite young. In 1809, Col. Paid left Xenia and came to the Indiana Territory, lauding with his family at the point where Madison now stands, on October 6th. Previous to this, he had gone to the "Vendue" of public lands at Vin- cennes, where he bought the land upon which New Albany now stands. Upon his trip home from that sale he stopped at his purchase to fix a home, but concluding that it w T as an unhealthy locality, he prospected along the river for a more healthy situation. He decided upon the present site of Madison as being best suited to his wishes, and went home to Ohio to await the opening of the sales at Jefferson- ville where this land was to be sold. In the spring of 1809, he went to the sale and bought the land, and returned home and arranged for the immediate removal of his family to this place, where he afterwards lived till his death. Col. Paul was a man full of the milk of human kindness. His benefactions in the way of property for public uses are seen all along the pathway of his life. At Xenia, Ohio, lie gave the site for the court house. In Madison, the ground for the old graveyard, on Third street; the site for Wesley Chapel Church, now the opera house. In Rip- ley county, Indiana, the ground for the graveyard in Versailles, and ground for the Academy. He was a practical surveyor, and a very good judge of the quality of land; as is proven by the fact that a great many tracts of the best land in this county and Ripley were bought by him from the United States government. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 205 He was a man endowed by nature with all of the elements of a leader amongst men, and he was one. In this day and generation he would have been called an athlete on account of his strength, activity, and powers of endurance. He was tall, of a fine attractive physiijue ; he had a commanding appearance. Kind hearted, he was gentle in manner to all, tender to those in distress ; magnanimous, he was generous to a fault, always a friend to the poor and helpless, and ready to lift up and help forward young men. He was beloved by his friends, and respected by all men who knew him, even by his enemies, — for, like all men of positive character, he had them. He was an energetic busi- ness man, and engaged in farming, milling and real estate business. He was the first representative in the Territorial Assembly from this part of Clark county, and was a member of the Legislature after this county was organized. He was elected as Senator from Switzerland and Jeffer- son counties to the first Legislature of the State of Indiana, which convened at Corydon, Monday, November 4th, 1816. He was called to the chair of the Senate as President pro tempore, and was the first presiding officer of the State. He was the first Clerk and Recorder of this county, which offices he held for many years. Col. Paul was the first clerk of Greene county T , Ohio, and laid out the town of Xenia in that county. He also named Jefferson county and Mad- ison town. Col. John Vawter, in a letter written in 1850, says of Col. Paul: "He was one of George Rogers Clarke's men in the expedition against the British posts at Detroit, Mich., and Kaskaskia, 111. He was at the capture of Vin- cennes in 1779, February 24th." At the time he located in this county/, his family consisted of him- self and his wife, Miss Ruth Grover, a niece of his wife who made her home with them, and three children : The eldest, Ann Parker, was born March 18th, 1799, in Harding county, Ky., John P., who was born in Greene county, Ohio, December 23d, 1800, and Sarah G., who was born March 21st 1802, in Greene county, Ohio. Ann Parker was married May 19th, 1816, to "William Hendricks. From this union were born nine children. She died September 12th, 1887, in the 89th year of her age. John Peter Paul was a graduate of Washington College, and became a surveyor. He was married to Miss Eliza Meek. He died in September, 1835, in Clark county, in the thirty-fifth y T ear of his age. Sarah G. Paul was married three times ; her first husband was Dr. Robert Cravens, who died leaving one son, Judge John R. Cravens (who still resides here in Madison) ; her second husband was Dr. Samuel M. Goode, who died leaving one son dow living here in the city, and known as Dr. Goode. Her third husband was .'06 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. B. C. Stevenson, a Methodist preacher. She died in September 14th, 1877, aged — . Mrs. Paul, the mother of the family, died 3fay 8th, 1866, in the 92nd year of her age. Col. Paul and his wife and daughter, Mrs. Stevenson, are all buried in the old graveyard on Third street, in the city of Madison. GOV. WILLIAM HENDRICKS, L. L. D., was born in Ligonier Valley, Westmoreland county, Penn., Nov. 1 2th, 1782. His parents were Abraham and Ann (Jamison) Hendricks. He was brought up on a farm, and edu- cated himself, laboring; at different occupations in order to make the money for his support during his school and college life. Among other labors, he was a hand in a powder mill or factory for one year. When he was fitted by his studies for the calling, he taught s hool, and finally by means made by this occupation, finished his course at college at Cannonsburgh, Pa., in the year 1810. After graduating he came west to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he studied law in the office of Mr. Corry, teaching school in order to support himself for the bar. He remained in Cincinnati till the year 1812, when he came to Madison where he settled, and lived all of the remainder of his life, excepting two years which he spent at Corydon, while he was Governor of the State. In the records of the common pleas court of Jefferson county, Indian Territory, July 5th, 1813, is this entry : "William Hend- ricks presented to the court license as counsellor and attorney at law, and thereupon took the oath required by the laws of the territory. In connection with Wm. Cameron, he established a printing office and published a paper called the Western Eagle, the first issue of which was dated Madison, Indiana Territory, May 26th, 1813. It was the second paper printed in the State, the West- ern Sun being the first — published at Vincennes. He sold his interest to Cameron in 1815. In the spring of 1813 he was made Secretary of the Territorial Legisla ture, at Vincennes, which was then the seat of government. "The Legis- lature of Indiana Territory was not convened in the year 1812; but on the 18th of December in that year, General John Gibson, the Secretary and acting Governor of the Territory, issued a proclamation, in which he required the Territorial legislature to meet at Vincennes, on the 1st of Feb- ruary, 1813." (Dillon's History of Indiana, page 517.) In the summer of 1814 he was elected as a member of the Territorial Legislature. In June, 1816 he was appointed Secretary of the Convention to form a State Constitution. This convention met at Corydon, the seat of govern- ment for the State, on the 10th day of June, and adjourned on the 29th of the same month, having completed HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 207 their work, aud made the first Consti- tution for the State of Indiana. In August, 1816, he was elected as the first and sole Representative to Congress from the State, and served three successive terms, until 1822, when he was elected Governor. He removed to Corydon (then the seat of government) in the fall of 1822, and lived there until the spring of 1825. The trip was made from Madison to Jeffersonville, in a flat boat, in which was carried all of his household furni- ture and goods, besides the horses, on which the rest of the journey, from Jeffersonville to Corydon, was made. There were three other families on the flat boat, (or broad horns as they were then called) Mr. Samuel Merrill, and family, and Mr. Douglass and family, and a Mr. Vigus and family. The last two were printers. Douglass went to Indianapolis, and Vigus after- wards to Logansport. During the last winter of his term as Governor, he was elected to the U. S. Senate, and resigned his position as Governor, in order to take his seat in the Senate on the 4th of March, 1825. He was re-elected to the U. S. Senate in 1830-31, and served alto- gether twelve years in that body. He made the journey to the capital, usually, on horseback, as far as Ligo- nier Valley, Pennsylvania, thence to Washington by stages. On one of these journeys, his wife accompanied him on horseback, riding the entire distance from their home in Madison, Indiana, to the city of Washington. These horseback journeys occupied from two to three week's time, depend- ing upon the condition of the roads and the weather. Gov. Hendricks' political opinions were truly Democratic. He was never elected to any position as a partisan, and never gave a strictly partisan vote, but voted for those measures which, in his belief, were best for his country and his constituents. When he ran for Governor he had no oppo- nent. No other man in the history of the State has been so honored. In 1840 he was one of the State electors on the Van Buren ticket ; and it was during this campaign that he contracted bronchitis, from which he suffered all of his subsequent life. This was his last political campaign, as the condition of his throat prevent- ed public speaking, and lie was after- wards engaged only in his personal affairs. May 19th, 1816, he was mar- ried to Miss Ann P. Paul, eldest daughter of Col. John Paul, of Madi- son. (See Col. Paul's sketch in this book). Gov. Hendricks and wife were the parents of nine children: William, who died an infant, Sarah A. ; John A., who was killed at the battle of Pea Ridge, Ark. ; Josiah G.; AY. P. Paul— died Dec. 17th, 1885; Thomas, who died December, 1863, from effects of a wound received at Icaria, La.; Alary, who died an infant, aud Ellen C. Sarah Ann and W. P. are now (1889) living in Madison, Ind.; J. Grover is living in Wisconsin, and Ellen C. in Springfield, Mo. 208 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. On the 16th day of May, 1850, he died at the house on his farm, where he had gone that morning, as was his custom to superintend the construc- tion of a burial vault. He climbed the hill on foot, and the exertion brought on a paroxysm of heart trouble, which he had been subject to for some years previous, from which he died that night at 11 o'clock. Gov. Hendricks was a man of com- manding appearance ; six feet in height, handsome in face and figure ; he was of a ruddy complexion with black hair and blue eyes. He was easy in man- ners, of a kind and genial disposition. He was a man who attracted the atten- tion of all, and won the warm friend- ship of many. He was brought up in the Presbyterian faith in religion and early united with that church, and lived a consistent, earnest Christian life. The literary degrees of A. B., in 1810, A. M. and L. L. D. were con- ferred upon him by Washington Col- lege, Pa. William Wesley Woollen, in his bio- graphical and historical sketches of early Indiana, says of Gov. Hendricks : "* * * * * Thus it will be seen that for twenty- one years — from 1816 to 1837 — he served without intermission the people of Indiaua in the three highest offices within their gift." " Men who found empires should not be forgotten. They plant the tree of civil liberty, and water its roots, while those who come after them but trim its branches to preserve its sym- metry. If they plant carelessly and in poor soil the tree will have but a sickly growth. That the men who planted Indiana in the wilderness sixty-seven years ago, planted wisely and well is evidenced by its wonderful growth. * * * *" " William Hendricks had as much to do with laying the foundations of this great State and commencing its super- structure as any other man, excepting Jonathan Jennings only, and yet how few there are who know he ever lived." ****** I n the contest for fame there is sharp competition, and those only win who have endur- ance and mettle. A number of edu- cated and talented young men came to Indiana in quest of fortune, and had William Hendricks been a dolt or a lag- gard he would have been distanced in the race. But he was neither. He was talented and energetic, and he won. * * * *" "He made the first revision of the laws of the State and had it printed on his own press. The Legislature offered to pay him for this work, but he declined all pecuniary compensa- tion. It then passed a resolution of thanks, the only return for his labor he would take." "The Indiana Gazetteer of 1850 thus speaks of him : " 'Governor Hendricks was for many years by far the most popular man in the State. He had bf en its sole Rep- resentative in Congress for six years, elected on each occasion by large HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 209 majorities, and no member of that body, probably, was more attentive to the interests of the State he repre- sented, or more industrious in arrang. ing all the private or local business entrusted to him. He left no letter unanswered ; no public office or docu. ment did he fail to visit or examine on request; with personal manners very engaging, he long retained his popu- larity.' " " Governor Hendricks was of a fam- ily that occupies a front place in the history of Indiana. There is probably no other one iu the State that has exerted so wide an influence upon its politics and legislation as his. His eldest son, John Abraham, was cap. tain in the Mexican war, and a lieuten- ant-colonel in the war of the rebellion. He was killed in the battle of Pea Ridge, while in command of his regi- ment. Another son, Thomas, was killed in the late war, during Gen. Banks' campaign up Red river. A brother and a nephew sat in the State Senate, and another nephew, Hon. Thos. A. Hendricks, has received the highest honors his State could con- fer upon him." Since the above was written, by Mr. AVoollen, Hon. Thomas A. Hendricks was elected to the Vice-Presidency of the United States, and has gone to the grave. He was also United States Senator from Indiana, and Commis- sioner of Pensions. JAMES F. D. LANIER was born in the county of Beaufort in the State of North Carolina, November 22d,l 800. His father was Alexander Chalmers Lanier, and his mother's maiden name was Sarah Chalmers. His first pa'er- nal ancestor ia this country was Thomas Lanier, a Huguenot of Bordeaux, France, who fled from the religious persecutions, about the middle of the seventeenth century, going first to England and afterwards to this- country, and settling in North Caro- lina. Soon after the birth of the subject of this sketch, his father removed to Bourbon county, Kentucky, and in 1807 he removed to Eaton, Ohio, where the childhood of Mr. Lanier was spent. In 1817 his father removed to Madison, Indiana, where he died in 1820, leaving a widow and one son. Mr. Lanier's earl}' education was of a limited character, both as to time and extent of studies. About eighteen months in Eaton at a common school, and in 1815-16, about a year and a half at an academy at Newport, Ken- tucky, and about the same length of time after he came to Madison, at a private school, comprises it. At Eaton he was employed in a store of general character, and there got the foundation of his business edu- cation. In 1819 he commenced the >t udy of law in the office of Alexander A. Meek, and finished his legal studies by a course at the Transylvania Law School in Kentucky, graduating in 1823. He commenced the practice of law in Madison, practicing in the 210 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. southeastern district of Indiana, which comprised a number of counties. In 1824 he was appointed Associate Clerk of the House of Representatives of the State Legislature, and continued in that position till 1837, when he was made principal clerk of that bod} r . His salary as clerk was $3.50 per day. In 1833 he went into the Madison Branch of the State Bank, which was chartered in that year, and took a prominent share in the management of it. He was made Pension Agent for a portion of the Western States in 1837. In 1849, he removed to New York City, for the purpose of engaging more largely in railroad operations, forming a copartnership with Mr. R. H. Winslow in the business of nes;otia- tion of railroad securities and a gen- eral banking business. He continued in this business in New York till his death in August, 1881. In 1819, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Gardiner, of Kentucky, by whom he had eight children, of whom six are now living: Elizabeth G., Washington City, widow of Gen. Wm. M. Dunn ; Brasilia D., wife of Judge John R. Cravens, Madison, Ind.; Alexander C, of Madison, Ind., the eldest; Margaret Pangelly, Morris- town, N. J.; Mrs. Mary Stone, New York City, and Mr. Charles Lanier, of New York City. He was married a second time in 1 S49 to Miss McClure, of Chambers- burg, Pa., by which marriage he had one daughter, Katie, who is a widow- residing at Lennox, Mass., and one son who died young. His widow survives him and lives at Lennox. CHRISTOPHER HARRISON was a man of strange habits and life. Burn at the town of Cambridge, Dor- chester Co., Maryland, of wealthy par- entage, in the year 1775, he migra- ted to Indiana Territory in 1808. He led a solitary, secluded life for some years, avoiding all society, occupying himself entirely with hunting, and his books. Disappointment in a love affair was understood to have been the cause of his course of life at this time. He seems to have been attracted by the beauty of Fair Prospect Point, for we find him settled there probably as early as 1808. He remained there un- til about 1815, when he sold his land to George Logan. [See Logan's sketch before]. In the records of the Common Pleas Court of the date of Thursday, Oct. 22d, 1812, we find the following entry: "Gen. Christopher Harrison took the place of Williamson Dunn as Judge of the Common Pleas Court." A previous entry of the same court shows that General Christopher Har- rison was acting as one of the grand jurors of the court. He seems to have given up the secluded life he had been living at this time, for we notice his name on the records of the court up to the time he sold out his land. He went to Salem from here in 1815, and engaged in keeping one of the frontier HISTORY OF JEFFEKSON COUNTY. 211 stores, dealing in all articles in use at that- time by the frontier settler's. Jonathan Lyons, one of the proprie- tors of the town of Madison, was en- gaged in the business with him. He still retained some peculiarity of character as will be seen by the following quotation from a sketch of his life in "Biographical and Histori- cal Sketches of Early Indiana," by W W. Woollen (to whom I am indebted for some of my incidents. W. P. H.) ; "While at Salem, Christopher Har- rison lived alone. His dwelling was a little brick house of two rooms, one of them barely large enough for a bed. An old colored woman came each morning to tidy up the house and put things in order, and, with this excep- tion, no one scarcely ever entered his door. But the lot upon which it stood was often visited. It was fifty feet one way by one hundred the other, and nearly every foot of it not covered by the house was planted in flowers. Here the boys and girls of the town would come for flowers, and seldom did they go away empty handed. The master of the house made bouquets and gave to them, drew pictures for them, and in many other ways sought to please and make them happy." Mr. Harrison was elected Lieutenant Governor of the State of Indiana on the first Monday in August in the year 1816. First Lieut, Governor of the State. He resigned his position as Lieut. Governor l>ecause the Lesisla- ture did not think as he did on a subject which has divided the Supreme Courts of the State since that time. That is, whether a law of the State restricting the governor to that office ouly, is a tenable and binding one or not. It was set aside in this case and in sev- eral others, by high handed assump- tion and sustained by personal friends of Gov. Jennings -who were in the Leg- lature. Soon after Gov. Harrison quit business and went onto a farm, and a few years after returned to the scenes of his nativity in Maryland, where he died at the age of eighty-eight. Lieut. Gov. Harrison was a gentle- man of culture and education, and well fitted for any position to which he aspir- ed, but he lacked in suavity of manner and tact ; qualities very necessary in the make up of a successful politician. CAPT. ISAAC CHAMBERS.— Capt. Chambers was born in Melton county, Kentucky, May 28th, 1795, and was raised on a farm. His edu- cation was quite limited. He was in the war of 1812-15, and was at the 1 tattle of New Orleans. After the battle he walked to his home in Ken- tucky and raised a crop there; and then came to Indiana and entered a tract of land in Jefferson county in the fall of 1815. He built him a cabin and then returned to Kentucky. In the year following he removed his family to his land in (what is now) Monroe township, Jefferson county, Indiana. He was a man who was respected by his neighbors and by the citizens of the whole county. He was 212 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. a good citizen, honorable, honest and upright in all his dealings with his fellow men. In 1840 he was elected as a member of the State Legislature from this county. He was a captain in the State militia. In his youth he flat-boated on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. Upon his return home from one of his trips to New Orleans, he was taken sick, and stopped behind the other men who were traveling with him, as they sup- posed to die. Fortunately he fell into the hands of an old Spanish woman, who understood his case and cured him so quickly that he, by taking a short route, was enabled to overtake his comrades before they got home. When he approached their camp they supposed that it .was his ghost and were much frightened, but finally he was able to prove to them that it was himself and no ghost, and they jour- neyed home to Kentucky together. The old woman could not understand his language, but knew how to treat the malarial diseases of the country, which was much better for him. Capt. Chambers lived on the place that he entered in 1815 until his death, which occurred in 1865. JUDGE WILLIAMSON DUNN was a man whose name was connected very intimately with much of the early history of this country. He came to the county in the year 1809, and settled on a farm on which a part of the town of Hanover now stands. Here he lived for the greater portion of his remaining life. Williamson Dunn was appointed as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, for the county of Jefferson, Indiana territory, which place he held until April, 1813. At this time he was commissioned as captain of a company of rangers, which had been enlisted in this county and in Kentucky, near here. Judge Dunn was Associate Judge of the Circuit Court of Jefferson county in 1814, and for some years after that date. In May, 1820, Judge Dunn was commissioned Register of the Land Office, for Terre Haute district. The land office was afterwards removed to Crawfordsville and Judge Dunn was re-appointed to the position of Register. He and others purchased the land on which Crawfordsville was laid out, and he donated the land upon which Wabash College was built. He also gave land for the establishment of a college at Hanover. In 1829 he returned to Hanover and resided there the rest of his life. In 1832 he w r as a candidate for the State Senate, but was defeated ; but was chosen as Senator in 1837, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Lieut. Gov. David Hillis. In 1843 he was again nomi- nated but was defeated by a division in his party, caused by Shadrach Wil- ber, who was also a Whig, running as an independent candidate for the same office — the State Senate — and Jesse HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 213 D. Bright, a Democrat, was elected- In 1846 Judge Dunn was elected as Probate Judge of the county, and was re-elected and held the office at the time that the court was abolished under the new Constitution. Judge Dunn was born Dec. 25th, 1781, near Danville, Ky. He was the third son of Samuel Dunn, a native of Ireland. The family were Presby- terian in their belief. In September, 1806, he was married to Miss Miriam Wilson, of Garrard county, Ky. They raised a family of eleven children — seven boys and four girls. The family have been scattered over the country and the most of them are dead. There are only four of them now living. (Jan. Judge Dunn joined the Presbyterian church at about the age of thirty-five, and was an earnest Christian the bal- ance of his life. For over thirty years he was a ruling elder in the church. He was a man of fine character and sterling integrity ; a man who always had the courage to act upon his con- victions, no matter how unpopular they might be. He was a man of good judgment; rather slow in forming con- clusions, but once formed in his mind and convinced 'of their righteousness, he was a hero in their defense. His record during life, in all of the positions which he was called upon to fill, was good and perfectly clean. His wife died in October, 1837, and he was remarried in November, 1839, to Mary Fleming, who survived him. Judge Dunn died Nov. 11th, 1854, from the effects of a sunstroke in the month of September previous. JOHN HENRY WAGNER — Mr. Wagner was born in Franklin county, Penn. The exact date of his birth is not known, as his parents died when he was quite young, and he was bound out till he was of age. The custom in those days was to bind out orphan boys till twenty-one years of age, and girls till eighteen. If there ever had been any record of his father's family it was either lost or destroyed. He learned the blacksmith's trade. He married in Pennsylvania, Mary J. Hoffman, who was also an orphan atfd a bond- girl. In some way they were informed that there was only twenty-one days' difference in their birth. Mr. Warner and wife were both of German parentage. They kept a tavern in Chambersburg, Penn. They came to this county May 23d, in the year 1808, and landed at about where now is the foot of Jefferson street. They floated down the river in an old-time flat boat called a broad- horns. When they arrived at this point, they determined to settle here, and so removed from their boat, the lumber of which was used for flooring of their cabin. Their cabin (the first one built in the town) stood at where is now the north-east corner of Mul- berry and First streets, on a high bank which has since been cut away, the second bank or rise from the 214 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. river. Having bis tools with him he set up a shop, and so far as is now known was the first iron worker in the settlement. Previous to his coming, the settlers had gone over the river into Kentucky to have their blacksmith work done. This con- sisted chiefly in making axes, hoes and other edge tools, bells for horses and cattle, and all articles of hard- ware, belonging to their department of work, besides a great deal of other work which is out of the line of the blacksmith of. the present day. Mr. Wagner and wife raised a family of four boys and three girls. They remained in Madison for many years, when they removed to a farm on the Michigan road, four miles from town, and from thence to Jennings county, when they, returned to Jef- ferson county, where they died. Mr. Wagner died May 25th, 1841, and his wife died August 13th, in the same year. They were supposed to have been about eighty years old at the time of their death. THOMAS WISE— Was bom in Maryland on the eastern shore in 1793. His parents emigrated to Ken- tucky when he was only two years of age. His father died soon after- wards, leaving five children, three boys and' two girls. In 1800 his mother came to Trimble county, where the family remained. Thomas came to Indiana first on the day of the first sale of town lots in Madison, but returned to his mother's, where he remained till a few days after the Pigeon Roost massacre, which occurred on September 3d, 1812, about sunset. Having heard of the massacre, young Wise and a compan- ion went down to see the place. The sight so fired his young blood that he joined the "Rangers" and went out on the " Delaware campaign, " as it was called. The company was mus- tered into the service April 13th, 1813. After the year had expired — of his enlistment — he came back to Jefferson county and made it his home. He was a farmer and lived on the land which he entered in 1814, till he died. He was a member of the Board of County Commissioners of this county for twenty-one years and was as well known probably as any man in the county. He was respected for his honesty by all who knew him. He represented this county twice in the Legislature. LEWIS DAVIS, one of the original proprietors of the town of Madison, was a man of middle age when he met John Paul at the land sale at Jeffersouville in the spring of 1809. Where he was born or where he died is not known. He left Madison some time in 1812 or 1813, and went to Xenia, Ohio, to reside. Afterwards he resided in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1817 he was there, as is found by a deed conveying his entire remaining interest of lands in Madison, Indiana HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 215 Territory, to Lewis Whiteman, bear- ing date of November 24th, 1817. On October 8th, 1813, Davis had sold one- half of his interest in Madison to Mr. Jacob Burnet, of Cincinnati, he then being a resident of Greene county, Ohio. JONATHAN LYONS, the third partner in the original town of. Madi- son, came down in a flat-boat in the spring of 1809 m search of a place of abode. He landed his boat near to the cabin of Wm. Hall, in what is now called Fulton, on the eastern limit of Madison, and after prospecting around the country a few days, and being pleased with the lay of the land, he bought out Hall's claim and left his family here in Hall's cabin and went to Jeff ersonvi lie, where he found that John Paul had purchased the site of Madison. He then entered the land on the claim which he had bought of Hall and other pieces of land, and finally became one-third owner with Paul and Davis of the Madison tract. He returned here and lived for some years, and built a number of houses in the place. The first was on the bank between the old Ross tan-yard and the river, where he lived for some time. In 1815 he removed to Salem, Ind., where he died quite an old man, and where his descendants are to this day. He there engaged in merchandise with Christopher Harrison (see sketch of). WILLIAM CHAMBERS, SR— The subject of this sketch was the oldest son of Alexander Chambers, who was the son of David Chambers who emigrated to America from England during King William's Avar, about the year 1689 or 1691. David Chambers at that time was a mere youth, and settled with his father, Samuel Chambers, in Rockbridge county, Virginia. In 1756, Alexander, the father of William Chambers, was born, and in the war of the revolution was the only survivor of three brothers ; the other two, Samuel and David, losing their lives in the struggle for liberty from the British crown. After the close of the revolution, Alexander removed with his mother to Ruther- ford county, North Carolina, where, in 1789, he married Ann Monroe, an aunt of the Rev. Wm. Y. Monroe, who at one time was County Treasurer of Jefferson county. In 1791, the oldest son, William, was born, and in 1799 removed with his father to near Boonesboro, Ky. Here they resided till 1806 when, with about three other families, Alexander removed to the Wabash country, near toVmcennes, where they resided about two years, when Chambers, with his family, removed back to Kentucky, and remained there one year; then he removed his family to what is now known as Kent, in Jefferson county, Indiana. At this place Alexander and his son William, now a young man of eighteen years of age, erected a fort, or, as it was then called, a blockhouse. '-'16 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. This was in the year 1809. This was the point of defense against the In- dians of the various tribes who roamed through the wilderness. In the war of 1812, William Chambers was a soldier in Capt. Wil. liamson Dunn's company of Rangers. Just before the battle of Tippecanoe, Dunn's company was ordered to join General Harrison's army, and started to do so, but when near where Columbus, Ind., now stand*, Col. Mc- Farland countermanded the order and sent the Rangers under Dunn back to the settlements, as reports were sent them of threatened attacks by the Indians. William Chambers was one of a detachment of twenty-five men that went to the " Pigeon Roost " massacre-ground, the day after the massacre, and assisted in burying the bodies of the twenty-three persons Avho were butchered by the, Indians. After peace, William Chambers mar- ried Sarah Blankinship in the year 1816. The license issued to him beina: the first one recorded in the county. From this marriage, one child, James B., was born in 1825, who is still liv- ing near the site of his father's first settlement. In 1825 his wife died, and the next year he married Catherine Blankinship, a sister of his first wife. Nine children were the fruit of this marriage, all of whom are dead, except one son, J. G. Chambers, of the firm of Branham & Chambers, furniture dealers in Madison, Ind., and one daughter, Mrs. Le Roue, of Evansville, Ind. Mr. William Chambers was a mem- ber of the Baptist Church, at White River, which was organized at the fort in June, 1811, where they held their services of worship for a number of years. His membership extended over a period of time of more than sixty years ; for more than fifty years he was a deacon in the church. In 1823, when returning from a trip to New Orleans, on the steamboat "Old Tennessee," the boat sank on the night of February 9th, in the middle of the Mississippi river, near Natchez. He saved his life by swimming ashore, leaving all the money he had — which was gold — tied around the ban- nister of the boat. William Cham- bers died July 16th, 1879, at the age of seventy-eight years. His father died in 1857, at the extreme age of one hundred and one years, one month and fifteen days. Sketch furnished by J. G. Cham- bers, of Madison, Ind. WILLIAM MCKEE DUNN, Judge Advocate General U. S. A. — Mr. Dunn was born at South Hanover, Jefferson county, Indiana Territory, December 12th, 1814. His parents were Judge Williamson Dunn and Miriam Wilson. See Judge Dunn's sketch in this volume. He was the fifth child and the fourth son of his parents, and inher- ited from them a robust frame and vigorous constitution. These were developed and strengthened by work HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 217 upon the farm and general out-of- door exercise, in which he spent his childhood and youth. He had a genial, cheery disposit ; on, and enjoyed good health during the greater por- tion of his life. Having these advan- tages, he was well fitted for the life of toil through which he passed, and was enabled to b ar up till very near the end in full vigor of both mind and body. He used to laugh at the recollec- tions connected with his first school- days in the log school-house at Hanover, and the rough times at the school, relating incidents that were full of mirth to the man, but had been of sore distress to the boy. He attended the State University at Bloomington, Ind., where he received the degree of A. B. in the year 1832. In the year of 1835, he received the degree of A. M. from Yale, Bloomington and Hanover Colleges. He was principal of the Preparatory Department of Hanover College from 1833 to 1835. Post graduate studies in science, Yale College, in 1835 ; professor of mathe- matics at Hanover College, 1886-37. He was a member of the Indiana Legislature in the session of 1 848-49. He studied law 1837-39, and was admitted to practice at the bar at Lexington, Scott county, Indiana, in 1839. He located at New Albany, Indiana, in the practice of his profes- sion, and remained there for three years, removing to Madison, Indiana, in the fall of 1842, where he resided until 1864, when he removed to Wash- ington city, D. C, where he lived until his death, which occurred July 24th, 1887. At Madison he engaged iu the practice of his profession, first in part- nership with Michael G. Bright, and afterwards with A. W. Hendricks. In 1849 he was the Whig candi- date for Congress in this district, but was defeated by Cyrus L. Dunham. In 1850 he was elected as a member of the Constitutional Convention from Jefferson county. In 1858 he was elected as member of Congress from this District to the 38th Congress, serving from 1858 to 1860. In the campaign of 1860 he was re-elected to Congress, and in 1862 he was defeat- ed -for that place. At the breaking out of the rebellion he was offered a Colonelcy by Gov. Morton, and an appointment as Brigadier-General by President Lmcoln. He declined both of these, preferring to finish his term in Congress. At the close of his term in Congress, he was a] (pointed, in 1863, as Judge Advocate General of the Department of Missouri, head- quarters at St. Louis. In 1864 he was appointed Assistant Judge Advocate General of the Army of the United States, headquarters at Washington city. At the death of Gen. Holt, he was made Judge Advocate General of the United States Army, in 1876. He was retired in 1881. In 1877 he was given the degree of L. L. D. by Han- over College. He was a man full of honors from 218 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. his fellow-men, and deserving of theni. In the fall of 1841, he was married in Madison, Indiana, to Miss Elizabeth G. Lanier, eldest daughter of J. F. D. Lanier. (See his sketch). They were the parents of seven children, four of whom are still living. Major Win. M. Dunn, of U. S. Army, Mrs. Fannie McKee, of Washington city, Lanier Dunn, farmer, of Virginia, and Mr. George Dunn, lawyer, of Denver, Col" orado. His widow still survives him, living in Washington city, D. C. Mr. W. W. Woollen, of Indianap- olis, is engaged in writing a full his- tory of him which will he published in the near future. COL. MICHAEL C. GARBER— The late Mic' ael Christian Garber, was of German and Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was born in Augusta county Virginia, in 1813. His grandfather, Michael Garber, was the inventor of the first machine to make cut nails. When a youth Mr. Garber went to Pennsyl- vania, where he engaged successfully in merchandising, canal and railroad building. In 18-43 he removed to the West, and finally located in Madison in 1849." He purchased the Madison Courier of S. F. Covington, and con- tinued its sole or principal proprietor until his death. Mr. Garber had be- come convinced that slavery was a mistake for all parties concerned by his residence in Pennsylvania, hence his sympathies as an editor, when he took control of the Courier were not as strongly pro-slavery as those of Hon. Jesse D. Bright and his wing of the Indiana Democracy. With this as a basis of disagreement the com- bative and independent spirits of Garber and Bright were not Ions; in unison. The result was Bright had Garber read out of the Demo- cratic party, and the bold and aggres- sive editor went further and further in his opposition to the fugitive slave law and advocacy of free soil until he became one of the Indiana leaders of the movement that culminated in the organization of the Republican party. He was the chairman of the party's first State Central Committee and was one of the draughtsmen of its first State platform. When the war broke out Mr. Garber was com- missioned a brigadier quartermaster with the rank of Captain. He was promoted to Brevet-Major for gallantry in the battle of Mill Springs, Ivy, in 1862, and subsequently was promoted to be Colonel for conspicuous efficiency in the Red River campaign of Gen. N. P. Banks. He was afterwards quar- termaster of the Army of the Tennes- see, and was attached to Gen. W. T. Sherman's staff, as Quarterinaster-in- the-Field of the great Army of the West in its march from Savannah, Ga., to Washington, D. C. After the war Col. Garber was retained in the ser- vice for over a year and sold vast quantities of government stores, ships and other property, in the Southern States. Declining a commission in HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. 219 the regular army he returned home in 1866 and resumed editorial control of the Courier. He was recognized as a great force in Indiana journalism and loved and honored his occupation. In 1875 he was appointed postmaster at Madison, and was stricken -with hem- orrhage of the brain April 2d, 1881, while standing at his desk in the office. His death occurred five days subsequent. Col. Garber was of tall, stalwart form, and of genial," prepos- sessing appearance. He was charac- terized by patience, industry, courage and pertinacity. Few men' have ex- erted a more wholesome influence, so far as their careers extended, than he. His family life was^particularly happy. He was married in 1837 to Miss Ellinor Schell, of ;Schellsburg, Penn. ? who with three daughters £and two sons survived him. JENNINGS C0HNTY. (By W. H. Peerin, Esq.) JENNINGS COUNTY lies in the southern part of Indiana. It Avas organized in 1816, and named for Jonathan Jennings, the first Gov- ernor of Indiana, after it was admitted into the Union as a State. It is bounded on the north by Bartholomew and Decatur counties, on the east by Ripley, on the south by Jefferson and Scott, and on the west by Jackson and Bartholomew. It contains 375 scpiare miles, and by the census of 1880 it had 16,453 population. The surface bordering the streams is bro- ken, while rich alluvial valleys, and high table-lands or "flats" form the water-shed between the streams. The ground is well drained by Big Creek, which washes the county on the south- west; Big and Little Graham, uniting below San Jacinto ; the north or west fork of the Muscatatuck, which unites with the South Fork at Old Vernon ; Sand Creek, rising in Decatur county, flowing through the western part of this county, with its various branches, Rock, Nettle, Wyalusing, Rat Tail, Bear and other small tributaries, mak- ing one of the main feeders of the White river; Coffee, Six Mile, Tea, Ice, Storm, Wolf, etc. Heavy timber originally covered the county. The timbered lands were of two different kinds ; first the "flats," which were covered with large and tall timber — white oak, beech, gum, soft maple, burr oak, hickory, and some other varieties, with a thick imder- growth in many sections, interwoven with native grape-vines. Second, the rolling land, where the timber is white oak, black oak, beech, sugar tree, lin- den, ash, black walnut, white walnut, cherry, poplar, with an undergrowth on rich bottoms of pawpaw and an occasional large sassafras. On the bottom lands along the streams, syca- more, hackberry, elm and buckeye flourish. These forests have, as a general thing, been stripped of the best timber. The white oak has been extensively cut for staves, the upper parts of the trees being left to decay upon the ground. In some sections the native forests remain untouched, and from these may be formed some conception of their vigorous growth. A killino; frost which occurred here HISTORY OF JENNINGS COUNTY. 223 May 8th, 1833, is still vividly remem- bered by many of the older people. The timber in certain localities was mucli injured. On the "west fiats" the beech growth was nearly entirely killed and in other places the tops of the white oaks were killed. Coming so late in the season and being so severe, all the fruit in this section was killed, except a few varieties of late, hardy apples. A frost so late in the season is rare in this latitude and is productive of great harm. It also becomes a kind of chronological event from which all neighborhood happen- ings date. Productions. — As a general rule, the rolling lands bordering the numer- ous streams are more productive than the flats. Bordering on Sand Creek, North and South Forks of the Musca- tatuck, and Big and Little Graham, are rich alluvial bottoms yielding bounteous corn crops. In fact, all the small streams of Coffee Creek have more or less of such lands along their borders. The principal productions are corn, wheat, oats, rye, buckwheat and hay. The following are the crop statistics, according to the census of 1880: Com, 651,119 bushels; wheat, 159,358 bushels; oats, 67,904 bushels; buckwheat, 1,280 bushels; hay, 9,919 tons; Irish potatoes, 34,611 bushels; value of orchard products, $26, 11 7. A considerable area is in pasture and large numbers of mules, horses and cattle are raised for the Cincinnati and other markets. Large numbers of hogs are fattened for the various markets. The same statistics (cen- sus of 1880) show the following: Horses, 4,816 head; cattle, 12,456; hogs, 22,273; sheep, 9,354; wool, 53,436 pounds. The disease known as " hog cholera," is sometimes quite prevalent and the most practical farmers attribute the disease to para- sites which find lodgment in the intestines of the hog, and fin-dly develop themselves into worms, which destroys its health and terminates in death. Fruit culture is becoming more and more extensive every year and the soil proves that it is a good fruit region. The usual varieties of- summer and winter apples do well; occasionally, cherries and pears. Peaches are not ex tensivelv grown. Wild blackberries -row in profusion, and are quite a source of income at some points, also wild grapes. Strawberries are success- fully cultivated in certain localities. The most valuable minerals of this county are building stone, limestone for lime, brick and tile clay. The con- tinuous beds of North Vernon blue limestone are very valuable and extend over a large area of the county. The amount of this stone quarried for the Cincinnati Southern railroad bridge, over the Ohio river, besides a great many other shipments which are con- stantly being made from the various quarries, has given employment to a large number of hands within the county. " The layers of blue lime- stone," says Mr. W. W. Borden, "will alone, in the course of time, bring an 224 HISTORY OF JENNINGS COUNTY. immense revenue, while immediately below are the white limestone layers which afford good material for white quick-lime. * * Below the white limestone are the Niagara rocks, which are noted for making good lime and for building and flagging purposes. Good (ocherous) clay, suitable for red brick is found convenient to all the large towns. Sand for all ordinary purposes is to be found along all the streams throughout the county." Few are aware that gold exists in Indiana, but it does in almost every part of it. It nowhere exists, how- ever, in sufficient quantities to pay for working it. It was fouud in greater quantity in the bed of the south fork of the Muscatatuck river than any- where else, in the black sand washed down from the glacial drift of the uplands, and at one time the excite, nient occasioned by its discovery was very great. Settlements. — Jennings County was settled principally from the Southern States — most of the early settlers com- ing from Virginia, North Carolina and Tennessee, with a number of families from Kentucky. They were of that hardy class whose trials and hardships were as nothing compared to the long- ing desire to possess a home of their own. They had come from States where the bane of slavery rendered the poor man's lot a hard and disagree- able one. Hence, to obtain a home in the distant West, where slavery would never disturb the peace and tranquil- ity of their settlements was the dream of their life, and when the end was accomplished they would not have been willing to exchange their little unpretending home for the slave-own- er's acres and slaves. They did not come in great rushing crowds as emi- grants now go West, on railroad trains, but they come on foot, in ox-wagons, on horseback and, in fact, any way they could get here. But without following them in all the hardships and vicissitudes of their settlement, we will leave them and their descend- ants to the pleasures and enjoyments their courage and perseverance have won them. County Organization. — J e n n i n g s County was organized in 1816. Fol- lowing is the act of the Legislature for its formation : An act for the formation of a new County out of the Counties of Jackson and Jefferson, and for other purposes. 1. — -Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, That from and after the first day of February next, all that part of the counties of Jackson and Jefferson which is included in the following bounds, shall form and constitute a new county (that is to say), beginning on the line of the Grouseland Pur- chase, at the intersection of the line dividing ranges six and seven east ; thence south with said line to the line dividing townships III and IV north ; thence east six miles ; thence north six miles ; thence east with another township line four miles ; thence north two miles ; thence east two miles : HISTORY OF JENNINGS COUNTY. 225 thence north two miles ; thence east two miles; thence north two miles; thence east with the line dividing townships V and VI north to the southeast corner of section thirty-one in township VI north, range X east ; thence north with the sectional line to the Indian boundary line; thence westwardly with said line to the place of beginning. 2. — The said new county shall, on and after the first day of February next, be known and designated by the name and style of the county of Jen- nings, and it shall enjoy all the rights and privilege- and jurisdiction which To a separate county does or may properly appertain and belong, Pro- d always, that all suits, pleas, plaints, actions and proceedings which may, before the said first clay of Feb- ruary next, have been commenced, instituted, and pending within the now counties of Jackson and Jefferson, shall be prosecuted to find judgment and effect in the same manner as if this act had never been passed, Pro- vided also, that the State and county's levies and taxes winch are now due within the bounds of said new count)', shall be collected and paid in the same liner and by the same affairs as they would have been if the erection of said new county had not taken ict. •">. — Robert Simington and Daniel Searles of Jefferson count}', William Cranshear of Jackson county, Thomas Carr, of Clark county, and Elijah Grolay, of Switzerland county, be and they are hereby appointed Comniis- sioners to designate the plan for the permanent seat of justice of Jennings county, agreeable to an act entitled, "An act for the fixing the seats of jus- tice in all new counties hereafter to be laid off;" the Commissioners above named, or others appointed by the proper court, shall convene at the house of John Vawter, on the second Monday in February next, and then to proceed to discharge the duties assigned them by law. 4. The Board of Commissioners of said new county, shall within twelve months after the permanent seat of justice be established, proceed to erect the necessary public buildings thereon. 5. Until suitable accommodations can be had, in the opinion of the Cir- cuit Court at the seat of justice of said new county, all the courts of justice shall be holclen at the house of John Vawter in said county; after which time the Circuit Court and all the courts necessary to be held at the coun- ty-seat shall be adjourned to the same. 6. The said new county of Jen- nings, be, and the same is hereby at- tached to, and shall form a part of the third circuit; and the Circuit Courts shall be holden in the said County of Jennings, three times in each year here- after, and shall commence on the first Mondays of April, July and Novem- ber, and shall sit six days at each term, unless the business shall be sooner dispatched. 7. "Whenever the seal of justice within the County of Jennings shall 226 HISTORY OF JENNINGS COUNTY. have been established, the person or persons authorized to dispose of, and sell the lots at the seat of justice, shall reserve ten per centum on the net pro- ceeds of the whole sale for the use of a county library in said county, which sum or sums of money shall be paid over to such person or persons as may be authorized to receive the same, in such manner and in such installments as shall be authorized by law. Two or three more sections follow but are not specially pertinent to the formation of the county. The act was approved December 27 th, 181<:>, and was signed: Isaac Blackford, Speaker of House of Representatives. Christopher Harrison, President of the Senate. Jonathan Jennings, Governor. The county was organized under the foregoing act, officers elected and all the legal machinery set in motion. Vernon was finally chosen as the county seat, and the public buildings erected according to the act of the Leg- islature. Towns. Vernon. — The county seat of Jen- nings county, is beautifully situated at the junction of the North and South forks of the Muscatatuck river, and on the Jeft'ersonville, Madison and Indianapolis railroad. It is a rather dull old town of 616 inhabitants by the last census (1880), but has a sound and solid foundation from a financial and business standpoint. The court house is a handsome brick structure, with white limestone trimmings, ob- tained from the neighboring quarries, and was built under the supervision of Isaac Hodgson, of Indianapolis. There is, and has been, considerable manufacturing done in Vernon, among which may be mentioned spoke and hub factory ; foundry and plow shop ; stave and heading factory ; woolen and flouring mill ; wagons and buggies ; pumps and rakes ; etc., etc., etc. North Vernon, the largest and most prosperous town in the county, is situated at the junction of the Louisville division of the Ohio and Mississippi railroad, with the main line, and the crossing of the Madison branch of the J. M. ] tecial committee, app< anted to investi- gate the much talked of real estate pool in the District of Columbia, and out of which grew the celebrated Hal- let -Kill >ourne contempt case, in the argument of which Judge New, on the floor of the House, represented the committee. In the same Congress he was one of a special committee sent to New Orleans to investigate the management of the Federal offices there. He was also, in the same Congress put upon the committee which was sent to Louis- iana to inquire into the vote for Tilden aud Hayes ; and was, after reaching New Orleans, made chair- man of a sub-committee sent to investi- gate specially the said electionin what were called the "bull-dozed parishes." Upon the return of the committee to Washington, Judge New was selected by his Democratic colleagues on the committee to deliver one of the speeches on the Louisiana election, which under the division of time agreed on, belonged to the Democratic side of the House. In the 46th Congress he was made a member of the Judiciary Committee and of the Committee on Expendi- tures in the Department of Justice. He was also made chairman of the special committee raised to investigate charges preferred against Mr. Seward, our minister to China. He was also on the special committee sent to Cin- cinnati to investigate the Congressional elections in that city. At the close of the 46th Congress he resumed the practice of his profes- sion and pursued the same actively until 1 882, when he was elected Circuit Judge. His term as Judge expired November, L888. Judge New is now one of the five Supreme Court Commissioners, ap- pointed by the last General Assembly of this State. This commission was created in aid of the Supreme Judges and will continue for four years. He has been spoken of prominently for Governor. He has been successful in the accumulation of property, being one of the largest tax-payers of his county. His family consists of his wife. Sallie (Butler) New, who was a pupil of his in a school taught by him after leaving college; a daughter, Mary, the wife of Dr. William Stemm ; Willard New, a very active and promising young attorney, located at Vernon; and Burt New, now a student at Bloomington College, Indiana. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 29 PIERSON CONKLING— The sub- ject, of this sketch, was one of a family of nine children, of whom six are liv- ing at this writing. At the age of ten years his father moved with his family to the country, a few miles from Cincinnati, and engaged in farm- ing with good success until his death. And he followed the same occupation until 1S65, when he sold his farm, and in 1868 came to Indiana and engaged in a general merchandise 1 ius- iness; first at Nebraska, Indiana, and later in 1874 at North Vernon, where he still resides. He was married in November, 1845, to Miss Abby, daughter of the Rev. J. D. Conrey, of Butler county, Ohio. She died in 1 850, leaving two children, James D., who is in business at Kentland, Indi- ana, and Anna R., who died at the age of six years. Mr Conkling was married again in 1855 to Miss Sarah J. Travis. They had two children, Elmer P., (dead) and Frank T., who is in business in Greenville, Ohio. Mr. Conkling was married again Sep- tember 10th, 1872, to his present wife. Miss Martha M. Burke, of Bethel, Ohio. They have no children. He has ever been in active business life, and has been blessed with remarkably good health, and is one of the most progressive business men and enter- prising merchants, builders and eon- tractors in the county. LINCOLN DIXON— A prominent young lawyer, North Vernon, Indi- ana, was born at Vernon, Jennings county, Indiana, February 9th, 1860. His fathers native town is Paris, same county and State, where he was born October 26th, 1826. He was a man of prominence in his day. Dur- ing the Avar he held the office of Provost Marshal, ami was for eight years Sheriff of Jennings county. His death occurred June 10th, 1869. Lin- coln Dixon's mother was a Miss Belinda Foster, who was born in Jef- ferson county, Indiana, November 25th, 1826. Lincoln Dixon's early schooling; was received at the Jen- nino-s Academy at Vernon, and in 1876 he entered the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, and from there he graduated with honor in 1880. He at once began the study of law, a profession for which he was so well by nature adapted. He was admitted to the bar, began practice and has been successful from the start. In the House of Representatives, session of 1882-83, he was chosen Reading Clerk for that body. In 1884 he was nominated by the Demo- cratic party for Prosecuting Attorney of his Judicial District, the sixth, composed of Jennings, Scott and Rip- ley counties, the duties of which office he discharged with such great satis- faction to his constituents that he was renominated in 1886, and elected, and again in 1888. In the last election the fight between the parties in the district was very hot and close, and while the Republicans carried the District by two. hundred majority, 230 JENNINGS COUNTY. Mr. Dixon was triumphantly elected with a majority of 207. He is an honorable young man, a bright law- yer and a good speaker, and is making a remarkable record. Mr. Dixon was married to Miss Kate Storey, of Ver- non, October 16th, 1884. JOHN D. KIDD— Treasurer of Jennings county, is a native of Butler county, Ohio, where he was born July 23d, 1815. He is a son of Sam- uel C. and Sarah M. (Chancey) Kidd, natives of Ohio and Maryland. The former located in Jennings county in 1849, on a farm in Sand Creek town- ship, where he was quite a prominent man in local politics, holding a num- ber of township offices at different times. He enlisted in Company B. (137th) regiment of Indiana Infantry, in which he was a corporal. John D. was reared on his father's farm and received his education in the public schools of his neighborhood. He enlisted in the army in 1863, Co. H. (120th) regiment of Indiana Infantry, and was out twenty- five months, when he Avas discharged, the Avar haA T ing closed. He took part in the Atlanta campaign, and Avas in the battle of Franklin — the last severe battle of the Avar. Since the return of peace he has worked at his trade, serving occasionally in some town- ship office — one time as township assessor. He Avas elected county treasurer in 1886, on the Republican ticket and re-elected in 1888. Mr. Kidd was married to Miss Sarah Ja'ne Stewart, a daughter of Jonathan Stewart, of Jennings county. They have fh e children, A*iz : Albion S., John C, AA r anel Blanche, Mary Leora and George C. Mr. Kidd is a member of the G. A. R. and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. JOHN OVERMYER— Lawyer and Ex.-Speaker of Indiana House of Representatives, was born in Pick- away county, Ohio, November 18th, 1844, and is a son of George and Harriet (Camp) Overmyer, natives of Ohio, who in 1849 settled on a farm in Jackson county Ind. Here John, the subject, was reared and educated. When sufficiently prepared he entered Asbury University (now DePauw) in September, 1863, from Avhich he graduated in June, 1867. During the last year in college he took up the study of laAV, and upon leaving college he located in Jennings county, where in February, 1868 he was admitted to the bar to practice laAv. He is one of the leading law- yers in the county and ranks high in his profession. From 1871 up to 1875 he had for a partner his brother, David Overmyer, who in 1882 remoA*ed to Kansas and Avas a candidate for Congress in fall of 1888. In 1868 John Overmyer Avas elected to Legislature from Jennings county, and Avas chairman of committee on SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 231 organization of courts. In 1872 and 1873 he was Reading Clerk in Indiana Senate, and in 1875 lie was prin- cipal Secretary of said Senate. In 1876 he was again elected to the Lower House, and in the sessions, general and special, of ] 877, was chosen Speaker of the House. He was elected to Legislature a^-ain in 1878, but now his party (Republican) 1 icing in the minority be was defeated, though unanimously the nominee of his party at both regular and special sessions. In 1882 he was made chair- man of the Republican State Central Committee, and held the position two years: in 1888 he was delegate from the third district to the National Republican Convention and has been thoroughly identified with his party, although not in accord with the policy of opposition to tariff revision and reduction. His political creed is "the greatest good to the greatest number." He believes the world is governed too much — that the laws should be as simple and direct as possibly con- sist -nt with public order. He has been a member of the Ex. ecutive Republican State Committee from 1878 to 1886, except in 1880. He is president of the Jennings County Bank, organized in 1885, He was made its first president and has served in that capacity up to the present time. The institution is a Bank of Discount and Deposit and has a capital of $25,000. Frank E. Little has been his law partner since is 85. Mr. Overmyer was married October 30th, 1870 to Miss Mary F. Sherfey, of Greencastle. They have two chil- dren, Misses Florence and Isabella. JAMES SCHULTHEISS— Was born in Gibson county, Indiana, Sep- tember 28th, ls42, and is a son of John and Catharine (Shaffer) Schultheiss, both born in Germany, the former near Strasburg, and came to America in 1838, locating in Gib- son county, Indiana, and the latter came to this country with her parents about 1840. James, the subject, was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his county. At the age of eighteen he entered the army under the first call for troops in the spring of 1861, for three months. He afterward enlisted for "three years or during the war," and at the end of that time veteranized and remained in the service until the surrender at Appomattox closed the struggle. He was in Conrpany G., Sixtieth Infantry, and saw active service as long as the war lasted, a part of the time on scout duty. He was in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Stone River, Arkansas Post, Yk-ks- burg, and at Appomattox. He was in the Red River expedition under Gen. Banks. Several times entered the enemy's lines as a spy, and was successful in obtaining the infor- mation sought and of escaping into his own lines. Was taken prisoner half- a-dozen times or more, but always 232 JENNINGS COUNTY. managed to make his escape. He returned heme at the close of the war and settled in Indianapolis, learned the carpenter's trade, worked at it six or seven years, then floated around for a time, living in Knox, Ripley, Spencer counties, etc. Finally, he settled down in Jennings county, where he has since lived, and where he owns a farm of seventy acres of well improved land. He was married in 1866 to Miss Malinda Schmidt, born in Strasburg, Germany, and who came to America with her parents in 1856, settling in Indianapolis. Mr. and Mrs. Schultheiss have six chil- dren, viz: Amelia, August, Man', Peter, Louis and George. Mr. Schultheiss is a member of Cox Post G. A. R., No. 209, Indianapolis. HON. GREENE L. SMITH.— The subject of this sketch, Hon. Greene L. Smith, was born in Meigs county, Ohio, on the Ohio river, near Pomeroy, September 6th, 1848. He was the son of Harrison and Eliza L. Smith -- nee Alexander — both natives of Ohio. His grand-parents on both sides were Virginians. His great-grandfather, Conrad Smith was, a soldier in the army of Virginia in the colonial days under Gov. Dun- more, and afterwards served for seven years in the army of the revolution under Gen. Washington, being pres- ent at the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. His father was a steam- boat man on the Western and South- ern rivers. He was educated at Franklin College, Ind., where he took a two vears' course ; but his education was more practical than scientific, accpiired chiefly from per- sonal observation. He began the study of law at Pomeroy, Ohio, in 1865, but his course was intermitted by school teaching, so that he was not admitted to the bar of the Com- mon Pleas Court of Jennings county, Ind., until 1867, having left Ohio and settled in Indiana after he com- menced the study of law. He followed the law as a profession in Jennings county until 1884, when he was elected by the Democratic party as State Senator for the counties of Jennings and Jackson. At the ses- sion of the Indiana Senate for 1885- 86, he was chairman of the committee on Enrolled Bills, and also a member of both the Judiciary and Committee on Banking. At the close of the ses- sion of 18S5, he was nominated for President of the Senate by the Democratic caucus over Senators Weir and Sellers, and at the session of 1887- 88, made the most notable contest known in the political history of Indiana for Lieutenaut-Governor and President of the Senate, against Col. R. S. Robinson, Republican, who claimed to have been elected by the people. Mr. Smith triumphed in this contest, thus securing the election of Hon. David Turpie to the Senate of the United States. In 1888, Mr. Smith was a candidate for the Democratic nomination for Attorney-General, but SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 233 was defeated by reason of the late hour in the canvass at which he came out. In January, 1879, he was united in marriage to Miss Ida J. Shellen- 1 M'iger, of North Vernon, and two chil- dren — Florence and David Turpie — bless the union. In the notable political campaign- of 1888 for the Presidency, Hon. Greene L. Smith made an effect- ive canvass of Indiana for the re-elec- tion of Mr. Cleveland. Mr. Smith is a member of the Knights of Pythias. SOOTT C0HNTY. (By W. H. Permit, Esq.) SCOTT is a small county, and lies in the southeastern part of the State, some eighty miles east of south from Indianapolis. It is bounded on the north by Jackson, Jennings and Jeffer- son counties, east by Jefferson, south by Clark and west by Washington and Jackson. It contains 213 square miles and by the census of 1880 had 8,343 inhabitants. While it has not stood still for the last third of a century its increase of population has been slow. In I860 the county had 7,303 inhabitants; in 1870 it had 7,873, an increase of 570 over 1860, while the decade from 1870 to 1880 increased the population only 470, or in two decades from 1860 to 1880, 1,040 increase. The surface of the county is very irregular, and affords a variety of scenery. The north and north-western and central parts are very flat, as about Scottsburg, Austin, and especially in Johnson township ; here the drainage is poor, excepting in the immediate vicinity of Big Creek, and north where the land is slightly rolling. The east- ern part of the county is roll- ing, and the southern and south, eastern is very much broken by a con tinuation of the Knob range of hills of Clark county, which Lave an eleva- tion of from 300 to 400 feet. From the summits of many of these knobs are landscape views that would set the heait of a painter wild. White Oak Point, Rocky Point, Piuey Point and many other elevations present views that command nearly the entire county. Five miles southwest of Vienna, on the dividing ridge between the headwaters of Silver Creek in Clark county, and the waters of Pigeon Roost Fork in Scott county, the view is very commanding. On suitable days when the atmosphere is in a favorable condition for the conveyance of sound, the whistles of locomotives and other noises can be heard for many miles ; and the valley through which the Jeffersonville, Madison & Indian- apolis railroad runs, can be traced on a clear day, beneath the overhanging mist, to the falls of the Ohio, and to the west and north the highest land of Jackson and Jennings counties can be easily distinguished. The county is HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 235 well drained, except the low flats above referred to, by the folowiug streams, viz.: Big Creek, and its tributaries; the Southern or Brushy Fork of the Muscatatuck ; Woods Fork ; Home Fork ; Pigeon Roost Fork ; Little and Big Ox, and Fourteen Mile Creek — the latter stream rising in Jefferson county, flowing through the south- western part of Scott and through Clark to the Ohio river. Big Creek is the largest of these streams and rises in Ripley county, flows in the direction of the Ohio and forms a part of the northern and western boundary of the county. It has considerable fall and a strong current, thus affording a num- ber of good mill sites. Flowing over a persistent formation of the Niagara limestone, it has shifted but little from its primitive bed, and hence has but little bottom land along this part of the stream, but frequent abrupt banks. Upon reaching the black slate, how- ever, it has rich alluvial bottoms, noted for their never-failing crops — especially of corn. Wood's Fork rises in Jefferson county. The lands bordering it are very rich and productive. The rich bottoms of the Muscatatuck as farm- ing lands are scarcely surpassed in the State, and are referred t< i by the inhabi- tants as a standard of comparison. The season of 1874 will long be remembered as one of great drouth yet the "flats" of Scott county and these bottom lands had the heaviest crops of corn they had produced for vears. Home Fork rises in the south- ern part of the county, flows past the village of Lexington and joins Wood's Fork. Pigeon Roost Creek, Kimber- land, Little and Big Ox, all have more or less rich and productive bottoms, which have some of the good farms of the county. The knobs in the southern and west- ern part of the county, originally so barren and bleak, now, so far as subjected to cultivation, grow fruit very successfully. The timber of this knob region is mostly pine, from which tar is made in considerable quantities. Also chestnut, white and red oak grow pretty extensively here. In the valleys the timber growth is beech, sugar maple, poplar, walnut, sycamore and others common in southern Indiana. In the. early settlement of the county, wild pigeons were more plenty than any other of the feathered tribe. Pigeon Roost Creek received its name from the vast numbers of these birds which in early times sought this broken region as a favorite roosting place, particularly in the winter season. Their favor- ite food, the beech nut, was found within a radius of fifty or sixty miles in almost endless profusion. Old settlers whose recollection extends back fifty years, say that thev have seen the ground about this pigeon roost covered to the depth of several inches with their drop- pings, and that often in the fall of the year they could be seen there in countless numbers and covering many square miles of territory. 236 HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. With the Pigeon Roost is con- nected a sad and melancholy incident, which for many years threw a gloom over all the settlements of southern Indiana. The Pigeon Roost mas- sacre, though long remembered by the early settlers with a shudder of horror, is now fast fading from the minds of men. The best account probably that has been preserved of the sad affair is found in Dillon's History of Indiana. It is as follows: Within the present limits of Scott county, there was in LSI 2, a place that was called the " Pigeon Roost Settlement." This settlement, which was founded by a few families in 1809, was confined to about a square mile of land and it was separated from all other settlements by a distance of live or six miles. In the afternoon of the 3d of September, 1812, Jeremiah Payne and a man whose name was Coffmin, who were hunting for " bee-trees " in the woods about two miles north of the Pigeon Roost settlements, were surprised and killed by a party of Indians. This party of Indians, which consisted of ten or twelve warriors nearly all of whom were Shawanese, then attacked the Pigeon Roost settlement about sunset on the evening of the 3d of September ; and in the space of about one hour killed one man, five women and sixteen children. The bodies of some of these victims of savage warfare were burned in the fires which consumed the cabins in which the murders were perpetrated. The persons who were massacred at this settlement were Henry Collings and his wife ; Mrs. Payne, wife of Jeremiah Payne, and eight of her children ; Mrs. Richard Collings and seven of her children ; Mi\s. John Morris and her only child, and Mrs. Morris, the mother of John Morris. Mrs. Jane Biggs, with her three small children, escaped from the settlement, eluded the vigilance of the Indians, and about an hour before daylight on the next morning arrived at the house of her brother, Zebulun Col- lings, who lived about six miles from the scene of carnage. William Col- lings, who had passed the age of sixty yeai's, defended his house for the space of three-quarters of an hour against the attack of the Indians. In this defense he was assisted by Capt. John Norris. There were two chil- dren in the house. As soon as it began to grow dark Mr. Collings and Capt. Norris escaped with the two children (John Collings and Lydia Collings) from the house, eluded the pursuit of the Indians, and on the morning of the next day reached the house of Zebulun Collings.. After the time of the Pigeon Roost massacre many of the settlers on the northern and western frontiers of Clark, Jefferson, Harrison and Knox counties lived in a state of alarm until the close of the war in 1815. A number of the militia of Clark county immediately after the Pigeon Roost massacre proceeded to the melancholy spot, where they found HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. 237 several of the mangled bodies of the dead surrounded by the smoking ruins of the houses. These remains of the murdered persons were brought together and buried in one grave, Mr. Zebulun Collings, who lived within six miles of the Pigeon Roost settlement, said : " The manner in which I used to work in those perilous times, was as follows : On all occasions I carried my rifle, tomahawk, and butcher-knife, with a loaded pistol in my belt. When I went to plow I laid my gun on the plowed ground and stuck up a stick by it for a mark, so that I could get it quick in case it was wanted. I had two good does. I took one into the house leaving the other out. The one outside was expected to give the alarm, which would cause the jone inside to bark, by which I would be awakened, having my arms always loaded. I left my horses in a stable close to the house, having a port-hole, so that I could shoot to the stable door. During two years. I never went from home with any certainty of returning — not knowing the minute I might receive a ball from an unknown hand; but in the midst of all these dangers, that God who never sleeps nor slumbers has kept me." Settlement of tin County. — Scott, like most of the counties in southern Indiana, accumulated its population principally from the Southern States. The Pigeon Poost settlement, already referred to. was one of the first made in the county. After the battle of Tippecanoe, and the removal of the Indians from this section of the State, settlements increased rapidly. Ken- tucky, Tennessee, North Carolina and "N irginia sent large delegations who, though from slave-holding States, developed iuto good citizens and bitter opponents of slavery. These, with a few Irish, Scotch and Germans make up a large proportion of the popula- tion of the county. Mingled with it. of course, are a few of the "man and brother." When the first of them came, whether as "c< mtrabands of war" or in an earlier day, is not now known. The first, possibly, came by the "under- ground railway," or with the earl} tiers as '• free niggers," but not being deemed worthy of consideration before they were entitled to suffrage they existed -imply as "hewers of wood and drawers of water 1 ' to the Philis- tines with whom they sojourned. But the time came when "Sambo" was a voter and lie at once arose to the level of his citizenship and from obscurity and disregard he has pas into notice and consideration. Candi- dates have included him among their friends, and shook hands with him and li cow-shedded " him, and "stood treat " and cajoled and flattered him, and tried to induce him to vote fo) them (with new two dollar bills), just the same ;l s they did his white com- peers; and to-day, so far as votes count, he is the equal of his white neighbor. As is common in all newly-settled sec- tions of the country, the piom HISTORY OF SCOTT COUNTY. of Scott county were generally friendly and sociable. It was not uncommon f< >r a man to go four or five miles to help a new-comer raise his cabin and sometimes if he heard of it he went without further notice. Log rollings were common in the timbered sections, and at these neighborly gatherings it was thought no harm to have a little whisky. The phase of society was not perfect in its moral symmetry and the Sabbath was as generally a day of hunting and fishing as of religious wor- ship. This, however, is usually the case in a new country and Scott county was no exception to the rule. But as people came in and settlements increased, schools and churches were established, society improved and the foundation laid for the civilization and refinement which have ever been a distinguishing characteristic of Scott county. County Organization. — Scott county dates back to 1817 as a municipality. The act of the Legislature for its forma- tion passed at that session and its municipal machinery was at once arranged and put in motion. The seat of justice was chosen, public buildings were erected and the county started on the full tide of municipal experiment. How successful that experiment has been its present prosperity is the best proof and assurance. Scottsburg, the county seat, is situ- ated on the main line of the J. M. & I. railroad, near the center of the county and is a pleasant little city. It has a population of 700 according to the last census and is a place of con- siderable business ; has a good sub- stantial court house, a comfortable school house, several handsome churches and the usual proportion of lawyers and doctors. The next largest town is Lexington, situated in the eastern part of the county, on the Loiusville division of the O. & M. rail- road, and by the last census had 500 inhabitants. Austin in the northern part of the county, on the J. M. , when he was elected Sheriff of the county which position he still holds. He is one of the few Republicans who have been elected to office in this county the usual Democratic majority being over 300. He was elected Sheriff by fifty-four majority over Wm. Rice, the nominee of the Dem- ocratic party. Mr. Everitt owns 190 acres of finely improved land; also some valuable property in Scottsburg. He is prom- inent as a Mason and is a leading member of the Methodist church. BARNET K. GLADDEN— Was born in Green county, Pennsylvania, September 8th, 1830, and.is a son of Elijah and Sarah (Whitlatch) Glad- den, the former a native of Pennsvl- vania who emigrated to this county in 1831 and settled on Hoq; Creek three miles from Lexington where he died in 1850 ; the latter is a daughter of Barnet Whitlatch, a native of Harford county. Maryland. Great- 240 SCOTT COUNTY. grandfather John Kimberlin, from Green county, Pennsylvania came here in 1805 and settled three miles from Lexington where he built the first house in that neighborhood, and as he was the first settler on the little creek it took his name — Kim- berlin Creek. The subject was reared on a farm and has followed farming all his life, but has found time to devote to politics and has filled several civil offices, — was township assessor of Lexington township for seven years, and in 1886 wac elected County Auditor on the Democratic ticket which position he now holds. He also served some time as postmaster and was Alternate in the convention that nominated Cleveland and Thur- man for the Presidency and Vice- Presidency. Mr. Gladden was married to Moriah Summerville, a daughter of Joseph Summerville, of Scott county, a native of Licking county, Kentucky, who is still living and is 84 years of age. They have four children living, viz. : Josephine, wife of Arby L. Hardy, of New Hampshire ; Sarah C, wife of Cyrus Noaks, of Lexington ; Clara, and Dan Voorhees, Deputy Audi- tor. Harriet M. died in November, 1884, and was the wife of William Blocher. Mr. Gladden is a prominent Odd Fellow, and has filled the chairs. He represented his Lodge in 1880 in the Grand Lodge. W. E. GREEN, M. D.— A native of the town of Tupper's Plains, Meigs county, Ohio and was born January 22d, ' 1851. His father, William Green, was born in Oswego, N. Y., in 1805. He was a farmer in humble circumstances and one of the earliest settlers in Meigs county, Ohio. W. R. Green's early educational advantages were meagre, attending the common schools in winter and workino- on the farm during the sum- mer seasons, and so continued until he became twenty-one years of age. He then attended Tupper's Plains Seminary for about two years pursu- ing an irregular course under Prof. L. C. Crippen, an able instructor of Athens, Ohio. He began the study of medicine immediately on leaving the Seminary under the tutelage of Dr. Josephus Parsons. He subsequently entered the Eclectic Medical Institute at Cincinnati, Ohio ; on leaving the Insti- tute he returned home and in a short time came to Lexington and began the practice of his profession. He located at Lexington September 15th, 187 and engaged in the livery business, in which he has been suc- cessful. WILLI AM RICE— Was 1 ,orn in this county July 7th, 1838, and i^ a son of Giles, born Nov. 9th, 1819, in Scott county and Elizabeth (Cline) Rice. His grandfather was a native of Mas. saehusetts, from whence he removed to New York and there married, subse- quently in 1818 removing to Madison, Indiana, and later to Scott county where he resided until his death in 1833. Elizabeth (Cline) Puce was born in Kentucky and married in 1837. Her parents removed to Jennings county, Indiana, in early times and some years later settled in this county where the remainder of their lives were spent. William Rice, the subject of this sketch, was married in 1861 to Miss Sarah F. Friedley, a daughter of William and Sarah (Hall) Friedley, the former a native of Kentucky but whose parents were Pennsylvanians, and the latter a native of Virginia. Mr and Mrs. Rice have two children : Sadie born in 1868 and Willie F. born in 1872. Sadie graduated from Moore's Hill College in the summer of 1888. Mr. Rice is a prominent and successful farmer, and owns 300 acres of well improved land. He belongs to the order of Odd Fellows and is a member of the Methodist Ejnscopal church. Mr. Rice made the race for Sheriff of Scott county in 1886 but was defeated. He was elected to that office over Thomas H. Everitt, Republican candi- date, by a handsome majority in 1888. GEORGE M. WARMOTH, M. D.— Was born in Garrard county, K\ ., < >ct. 27th, 1837, and is a son of James and Margaret (Simpson) Warmoth, natives of Kentucky who emigrated to Indi- ana aud settled in Scott county about the year 1839. He was reared on the farm and when fully grown returned to Kentucky where he remained some time. He took an irregular course at South Hanover College, Indiana, spending about two years at that insti- tution. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 247 He began reading medicine in 1858 with Dr. John F. Warmoth in Dubuque, Iowa. He attended the Medical College at Keokuk in 1859, and took one course and in 1SG1 entered the Ohio Medical College at Cincinnati from which he graduated in March 18G2. He was appointed assistant surgeon, •shortly after, of the Twenty-fifth Ken- tucky Infantry, which was consolidated later with the Seventeenth Kentucky. He was then commissioned by Gov. Yates, of Illinois, assistant surgeon of the Forty-first Illinois Volunteers, serving with this regiment until Jan- uary, 1 865, when he was commissioned surgeon of the Fifty-third Illinois with which he served until the close of the war. Leaving the service lie located in Scott county, link, and commenced the practice of his profession which he continued until 1867, when he was appointed assistant surgeon in the regular army. He was post surgeon at Fort Cummings, New Mexico, until April 1869, when he resigned and returned home. In 1S75 he removed to Madison county, Ky., and in 1885 removed back to Scott county, locating in Scottsburg where he has since practiced his profession. He was married in 186V to Miss Mahala E. Rice, of Scott county, Ind. They have one child, George AY, about seventeen years of age. Dr. Warmoth owns the Miller block, one of the finest blocks in Scottsburg. JOHN M. WATSON, M. D.— Was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, on the 18th of November, 1837. His father, James Watson, was a native of Virginia and moved to Ohio more than a century ago. He came to Indiana in 1840, and settled in Scott county, one and a half miles from Scottsburg. He was a carpenter by trade, and many of the early houses of the county were of his handiwork. He served a number of years as Justice of the Peace, and died in the spring of 1884 at an advanced age. His wife (the mother of subject) was Arabelle Pierson, a native of Hamilton county, Ohio. Dr. Watson, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm, and was educated in the common schools of the county. After quitting school he commenced to read medicine at Vienna, in Scott county, with Dr. Wm. B: Stage in 1858. He attended the lectures at the Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, in 1858-59, ami began the practice of his chosen pro- fession at Vienna. In 1878, he was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Indianapolis. He located at Scotts- burg in 187i'i, where he has since resided, and where he enjoys a large practice — the largesi by far of any physician in the county, and to which he devotes his whole attention. He was married in 1862 to Miss Sarah E. F. Miller, of Clark county. She bore him one child, and then died ; and he 248 SCOTT COUNTY. married a second time to Caroline A. Strong in 1865. By her he has six children. Dr. Watson is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Knights of Honor, and a leading and deservedly popular man in the community where he lives. Washington County. (Br John M. Gresiiam.) WASHINGTON COUNTY lies in the southern part of the State of Indiana, and is of rather a rough and broken surface. It is bounded on the north by Jackson county, from which it is separated by the Muscatatuck river; on the east by Scotl and Clark counties, on the south by Harrison and Crawford counties and on the west by Orange a nd Law- rence. It has about 510 square miles and by the census of 1880 it had a population of 18,955. Like the adjoining counties its surface partakes of timber land and "barrens" and is underlaid with the cavernous lime- stone. The barrens comprise nearly an eighth of the entire area of the county. They were originally thickly matted with wild <'-rass and a kind of stunted shrub. The timber comprised the different kinds of oak, white and black walnut, ash, hickory, beech, elm, dogwood, maple, chestnut, sycamore, poplar, gum, wild cherry, sassafras, etc., etc In its primitive state the county possessed some as fine walnut, cherry and poplar timber as this section of the county can produce. It is stated that in 1878 a poplar tree was cut on the land of William Brewer, south of Salem, that was eight feet in diameter across the stump and made six saw- Loes each twelve feet Ion";: that it took fourteen horses to haul the first cut to the mill where it was sawed and that the entire tree made 12,000 feet of lumber. The bottom lands are rich and produce well; the uplands are rolling and the different cereals grow on them profusely. These lands are also well adapted to fruits. The county as a whole is one of the finest stock-raising counties in the State, the large number of running streams of pure water adding much to its adapta- bility in this branch of industry. lis drainage is through the Muscatatuck and Him- rivers and Buffalo, 151k, Rush, Twin, Cliffy and Bear Creeks. In addition to these there are a num- ber of smaller streams fed by 252 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. springs, which flow in every direction and afford the best of drainage. Settlement. — White people visited Washington county as early as 1800, but no permanent settlement was made until about 18<>7. This settlement was made by a German named George Brock, who came from Virginia and settled in what is now Washington township. He was a hunter and followed hunting and trapping for a livelihood. After spending a season here thus engaged he returned for his family and the next year (1808) brought them out; his sou, George Brock, Jr., and two sons-in-law, Adam Barnett and Frederick Nei differ accoin. panying him. Another early settler was Jesse Spurgeon, who came about the time of Brock. Judge Goodlove Kemp settled north of Salem in 1808 and in 1809 Henry Dewalt, Roger Thompson, William Gordon, Andivw Pitts, William Netherton and Ben- jamin Brewer. The last named gentle- man entered the land upon which Salem is located. After the year 1809 the settlement of the county spread rapidly. Among those who came in after that time were William Wright; James Davis, Andrew Little, Isaac Miller, Jacob Miller, John Niediffer, Henry Carter, James Young, Martin Putoff, Caleb Trueblood and Thomas Hodges. The following settlers lo- cated between 1812 and 1815 : Wil- liam Grace, C. W. Jones, Josiah Spurgeon, Isaac Overshiner, Samuel Denny, William Spurgeon, Adam Cauble, Peter Zink, Jonathan Lyon, Matthew Coffin, Lewis Woody, Nathan, James and Abel Trueblood, Zachary Nixon, Lewis Crow, Mr. Hensley, William Pitts, Thomas Pitts, Alex- ander Little, Arthur Parr and' John Fleenor. The first settlement in Posey town- ship antedated the first permanent settlement in Washington township. Thomas Polston came here as early, it is said, as 1805. Martin Royse, with his sons, John, William, and Martin, came the next year. Chas. Bailey and Elijah Harriman settled in 1808, and John Butler and Benjamin King a little later. James McGrew located on the creek, about 1811-12, and John Chenoweth in the same neighborhood about 181 •">. A number of other fam- ilies moved in soon after and the neighborhood rapidly settled up. Other portions of the county were also settled, and soon quite a population was scattered over it, and the people began to look forward to the organ- ization of a county of their own. < 'mint;/ organized. — Washington county enjoys the distinction of hav- ing its birth during the war of 1812. The following is the act creating it : HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 253 An act for the formation of a new county out of the counties of Harrison and Clark : Be it enacted by the Legislative Council and House of Meprest ntatives, and it is hereby < nacted by the author- ity of th< same, That from and after the seventeenth day of January, eighteen hundred and fourteen, all that part of the counties of Harrison and Clark included within the follow- ing hounds, to-wit : ''Beginning at Freeman's corner, on the meridian line; thence southwardly with said line to the intersection of an east and west line running through the center of township I south ; thence with the same eastwardly to the summit of the Silver Creek knobs ; thence north- eastwardly with the extreme height of the same, between tin' waters of Silver Creek and the Blue river to the line dividing ranges VI and VII east- thence with said range line north- wardly to the Indian boundary; thence with said boundary to the place of beginning — shall compose one new county called and known by the name of Washington. Section 2. — And be it further enacted, That the county of Washing- ton shall enjoy all the rights and privileges appertaining to the counties heretofore established in the Indiana territory; and it shall lie lawful for the Coroners, Sheriffs, Constables and Collectors of said counties of Harri- son and Clark to make distress for all taxes, levies and officers' fees remain- ing unpaid by the inhabitants within the bounds of said new county at the time such division shall take place, and they shall be accountable for the same in like manner as if this act had never been passed ; and the courts of Harrison and Clark counties shall have jurisdiction in all suits, pleas, plaints and proceedings which may before the aforesaid 17th of January next, have been commenced, instituted and pending within the present coun- ties of Harrison and Clark; shall be prosecuted to final judgment and effect, issue process and award execu- tion thereon. Section ;:. — Andht it further~enact- <y the Governor, and power delegated to him to swear into office and qualify all the civil and military officials of the county. Thus the municipal machinery was set in motion, and the county, started on in its career of suc- cessful experiment. Townships. The first County Board — Judges Jonathan Findlay, Moses Hoggett, and Simeon Lamb — met at the house of William Lindlay, on the 2d of Febru- ary, 1814, for the transaction of county business. Their first official act was to appoint John DePauw County Agent on a bond of $5,000. After some miscellaneous business, they divided the county into town- ships as follows: Madison Township. Beginning at where the line between the first and second townships north, crosses the meridian line; thence east into the second and third range lines; thence south to the Harrison county line ; thence west to the corner of said county ; thence to the beginning. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 255 Lost River Township. Beginning at the same place ; thence east to the line between the second and third ranges; thence north to the boundary of the county. Blue River Township. Beginning at the second and third range on the south line of this county ; thence north on said line to the north line of the second township north ; thence east with said line to the Clark county line. Washington Township. Begin- ning at the northeast corner of Blue River township; thence north along the Clark county line to the main branch of the Muscatatuck river; thence down the same to White river; thence down the same to Lost River township. Driftwood Township. Beginning where Washington township strikes the main branch of the Muscatatuck; thence with the .Clark county line to the bounds of this county ; thence with said bounds to the beginning. The Courts— The first Court of Record, or Circuit Court, as it was called, convened on the 2d day of February, 1814, at the house of Wil- liam Lindlay. It was held by Jona- than Lindlay, Moses Hoggett and Simeon Lamb, who bore the title of Judges, but neither of whom was a member of the legal profession. What was better perhaps, they were practi- cal men of sound, common sense. They ordered the sale of town lots to be advertised in the newspapers ; selected the name Salem, for the seat of jus- tice, together with a few other minor acts, and adjourned sinedie. Another session was held March 3d, by Judges Hoggett and Lamb. April 11th, another term of the " Circuit Court " was held by Judges Lindlay and Lamb. At this term the first grand- jury was impaneled, as follows: George Beck, foreman; Christopher Marrs, Amos Thornberg, Edmund Hensley, Goodlove Kemp, Andrew Housh, Jesse Spurgeon, David Denny, Samuel Lindley, Alexander Little, Joseph Latta, David Colglazier, James Young, W 'illiam Kennedy, Jesse Dur- ham, John McPheeters, Thomas Den- ny and Amos Wright. The jury returned two indictments, viz.: Susan Deem for forgery and John Ramsey for assault and battery. John F. Ross at this term of court was appointed Prosecuting Attorney, and Henry Hurst, Davis Floyd, Alex. Dunn and George F. Pope were sworn as attor- neys. Thus were the courts of the new county organized, and the legal machinery regularly set in motion. Court Houses. — The hist court house of Washington county is thus described by a recent writer : "The public buildings in Salem, in 1820 250 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. were strange looking structures. The old court house, called ' The Stilted Castle of Justice and Equity,' stood upon arches built of brick, rising abi »ve the ground to a height of a twelve or fifteen-foot story, leaving the whole space on the ground floor open, to be used for a market-place. But in this its ancient architects did not calculate well, for the cows, pigs, geese and every other stray animal took undis- puted possession. Fleas, lice and other vermin and filth soon rendered it unfit for a market-place and until its removal the animals occupied the fort. The structure above and resting upon the arches was one story and finished off for public offices. The approaches to this floor at the north and south entrances were composed of hewn lo^s risina: from the ground to the main doors on the second floor, thus forming a stairway. This strange, old building was torn down in 1827 and the erection of a better court house commenced, which was completed in 1829. Before its completion, and when the frame work of the cupola was up, a Jackson meet- ing was held in town, January 8th, 1829. Old Amos Coombs was a red- hot Jackson man. He climbed up one of the corner posts of the cupola, stood upright upon the beam and shouted only as he could shout : ' Hur- rah for Gen. Jackson in the highest degree of honor and promotion.' He then descended as quietly as he ascended. * * * * The first jail was built of hewn logs, one story high, and was torn down a few vears ago, after having rendered valuable service as a jail, store-room and stable. The sec- ond jail, which is now used as a resi. deuce, was commenced in 1844 and completed in December, 1845, and cost $3,456.00. The old stray pen was uorth of the first jail. Here all quarrels and difficulties were settled. It was enclosed with a high board fence, the boards set upright and close together, so that persons from the outside could not see the show in the pen. Cock-fights and dog-fights often amused the intelligent citizens in this old pen, while it was a general play-ground for the boys and girls and a courting spot for lovers." Salem. The town of Salem was laid out in 1814. Gen. John DePauw, ■ is agent < >f the town laid out, advertised and sold the lots. The correctness of the plat will not be questioned, when the manner and mode of laying out the town is known; the ground was measured with a grape-vine. On the 14th day of April, the work was finished and the plat filed for record. The first house on the site of Salem HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 257 was built by Simeon Lamb, already mentioned as one of the judges of the courts. The house was as unique as its surroundings. It was of long poles set up endwise on the ground, and was erected on lot No. 83 of the original plat. Other houses followed in rapid succession. The first brick bouse was built on lot 11 by Judge Harrison ; the next was built on lot 80 by Col. Jonathan Lyon. At the close of the year 1814, there were probably 400 people in the town of Salem. They came from Kentucky, North Carolina, Virginia, Pennsylvania and a few from the New England states. The first mercantile experiment was made by Lamb 0 per year for a tavern, and the County Board regulated the prices to be charged. The early prices were breakfast, dinner and supper, 25 cents each; whiskey, 12 A cents per one-half pint; apple and peach brandy, 1 8 1 cents per one half-pint ; rum, French brandy and wine, 37A cents for one-half pint; cider and beer, 12^ cents per one-half quart ; porter, per bottle or quart, 37A cents ; lodging, per night, 12A cents; oats or corn, 12i cents per one-half gallon ; horse to hay, per night, 25 cents, etc. Incorporation. — The State Legisla- 1 ure passed an Act in 1826, authorizing the voters of the town to meet at the court house on the first Monday in March (1826), and proceed to elect by 258 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. ballot seven trustees, to be known as a "Board of Trustees," whose office should expire on the first Monday in March, 1827. From some cause the provisions of this act was not complied with until lS.il. On the 18th of January of that year, an election was held at the court house, "to decide whether they will be incorporated or not." The vote was unanimously in favor of incorporation and on the 24th of January, an election 'was held at which Foster Nixon, Mieajah Newby, John G. Henderson, William Baird and Gustavus Clark were elected trustees to serve one year. In March, 1849, the town was re-incorporated and the following trustees elected : George Atkisson, James J. Brice, James P. Banta, Elijah Newland and Harvey L. Aston. Another election was held in 1853 for a third incorporation but there are no records extant of it. In June, 1868, still another petition was presented for incorporation and on the 1 5th of the same month. At that time there were 278 voters in the town and a population of 1,177. On the 13th of July following, an election for trustees was held, residting as fol- lows : First ward — Edwin Telle, Sr.; Second ward — George Harris — Third ward — William W. Weir ; Fourth ward — John Manly ; Fifth ward — Henry Streaker. At the same elec- tion, A. J. Parker was elected Treas- urer; R. L. Mitchell, assessor; E. W. Menaugh, Clerk ; Charles G. Chapman, Marshal. Salem is a handsome town, with a number of fine residences for a town of its size, and good substantial busi- ness houses. Its business men are wide-awake and go-aliead, and are enterprising and prosperous. In 1880 it had a population of 1,815. Its public buildings are good, its churches elegant, a school-house of which the people of town and county are proud, and an intelligent and enterprising population. The court house is a model of beauty. It is 73 x 90 feet, stone, — ashler face finish — built at a cost of $60,000. It was constructed in 1887 and 1888 and designed by McDonald Bros., of Louisville, Ky. It is one of the most attractive build- ings in the State and the arrangement of the interior seems to be perfect. The house is in the center of the public square and will be heated by natural gas adjusted in a steam heater. CAMrBELLSBUEG is the next largest town in the county to Salem. It is situated in the western part of the county on the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago railroad. August 31st, 1849, it was platted by John I. THE PRESENT COUNTY OFFICERS WAS^IjnQTOJn COUNTY. ELI W. MENAUGH, ELISHA I). WILLIAMS, WILLIAM RUDDER, W. S. PERSISE, WM. C. McCOSKEY. JAMES KENDALL, Clerk. - Auditor. Sheriff. Treasurer. Surveyor. - Coroner. COMMISSIONERS : WM. T. MONTGOMERY, MICHAEL DENENY, PETER MORRIS. THE ATTORNEYS: A. B. COLLINS, JNO. C. LAWLER. JOHN A. ZARING, SAM. H. MITCHELL, JAMES MASTERSON, SAM. B. VOYLES, D. M. ALSPAUGH, ASA ELLIOTT, MILT. B. HOTTEL, ROBT. B. MITCHELL, HARVEY MORRIS, WM. H. PAYNTER. 260 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. Morrison, who named it Buena Vista after the Mexican village of that name, near which the severest battle of the Mexican war was fought, and which war was but recently closed. After the building of the railroad the name was changed to Campbells- burg, for Robert Campbell, who made an addition to it in 1851. The rail- road station and the post office are named Campbellsburg, but the town is frequently called by its old name of Buena Vista. A number of additions have been made to the town by different parties at different times. One of the most important was made by James H. McKinney in April, 1865,, and was considerably larger than the original plat. In Septem- ber, 1875, a vote was taken to incor- porate the town, which resulted in a large majority in favor of incorpora- tion. January 4th, 1876, an election was held for trustees, and the follow- ing gentlemen were elected : Chris- tian Prow, Jacob Grimes and Samuel F. Martin, trustees ; Rufus Mather, clerk ; James W. Hubbard, treasurer ; and Joseph L. Holmes, assessor. The town has a good business, comprising the different branches of the mercan- tile trade, mechanics, milling, etc. Canton, situated a little north of north of east of Salem, is a decaying village of a once prosperous business. It was laid out in 1.S38 by Eli Over- man, and the original plat embraced thirty-five lots, and some time after- ward he laid off 106 lots additional. Another addition was made by Charles Albertson in March, 1850. Before a town was regularly laid off, the settlement was frequently called Greensburg, on account of many people of that name living in the vicinity. The nickname of " Ess Harbor" was sometimes applied to it on account of the large quantity of that "fruit" sold there. The first merchants of the place were True- blood ut have gained strength from the beginning. They see clearly that they are likely to meet with no resistance from the Federal power, and they are doubly bold in executing damning plans of disunion. It would be useless for us to attempt to express our opinion in regard to the cowardly course of the President; — we fail to find words severe enough in the English language and, therefore, cannot do the subject justice. Poor old wretch— what can he promise himself while he is per- mitted to live on earth and when he knows in a few years at most he must go down to the grave 'unwept, unhon- ored and unsung.' " — Times. " When Abe Lincoln and his abolition hordes or Republican allies undertake to compel our Southern brethren to sur- render their lights and liberties, to compel them by fire and sword and at the cannon's mouth and bayonet's point, to give up their rights, then we become a private in the Southern army, and do by them as Lafayette by our fathers." — Democrat. These two quotations show the two extremes, and between these two were represented every shade of senti- ment. The fall of Fort Sumter created the greatest excitement in the county, and a company was at once raised to go down and chastise Beaure- gard and ''Southern Hessians." Upon 266 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. more mature deliberation, however, this summary manner of proceeding was reconsidered and the services of the company tendered the Governor. In the original call for 75,000 men, Indiana was required to furnish six regiments, (about 6,000 men), which requisition was soon filled. The first company from this county, was the one already alluded to, com- manded by Capt. Sayles, and which, on the 19th of June, 1861, was mustered into the United States service as Company G, of the Thir- teenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, J. C. Sullivan, Colonel. On the 27th of July, 1861, another company was raised in the county, of which DeWitt C. Thomas was Captain, and James T. Howell and T. F. Morrison, Lieu- tenants. It became Company G, of the Eighteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Thomas Pattison, Colonel. A third company was raised in the county, of which John B. Glover was Captain, and Stephen C. Atkinson and James H. Low were Lieutenants. It became Company D, of the Thirty- Eighth Infantry, and was mustered into the United States service Sep- tember 18th, 1861. Another company, of which about two-thirds were from this county, was raised during Sep- tember of this year, and became Company C, of the Fiftieth Regiment. Its Captain was H. N. Atkisson, and Lieutenants, Joseph L. Marsh and Delos Heffren. Under the President's call for 300,000 men in July, 1862, another company Avas raised in this county, commanded by Capt. J. H. Redfield, and was mustered into the reorganized Sixteenth Regiment, of which it was Company B ; Redfield, Captain, and Cyrus Raybill and John N. Thompson, Lieutenants. In August a company was filled, of which Jasper N. Rodman was Cap- tain, and Samuel P. Reid and William H. Peters were Lieutenants. It became Company B, of the Sixty-sixth Regiment. Another company recruited in the vicinity of Saltillo, commanded by Capt. John F. Baird, and Chas. H. Comwell and Archibald Baxter, Lieutenants, was Company A, of Sixty -sixth Regiment; Company F, of the Sixty-sixth, was raised around Little York ; Alfred Morris was its Captain, and Chester P. Davis and George R. Davis its Lieutenants. Company H, of the Sixty-sixth was mostly recruited about Fredericks- burg ; its commissioned officers were James D. McPheeters, Captain, and Win. N. Bringle and David Simpson, Lieutenants. Company K, of this Regiment, also received a number of men from this county. A company of cavalry was raised in the county, HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 267 ill August, 1862. -which became Com- pany E, of the Fifth Cavalry, and was officered as follows : James P. Banta, Captain ; William H. Ward, First Lieutenant, and William M. Coffin, Second Lieutenant. Notwithstanding the patriotism man- ifested by the people of the county and the number of troops enlisted, they could not escape a draft which occurred Oct. 6th, 1862. It was, how- ever, for only sixteen men which filled the county's quota under all the calls so far made, and now the people set- tled down to quiet, watching patiently the development of events. Morgan's Raid. — The most impor- tant, perhaps, and certainly the most exciting event of 1863 was the raid of the Confederate Gen. Morgan through Indiana and Ohio, resulting finally in his capture and most of his army at Buffington Island. On the 10th of July (1863) his army marched into Salem and took possession. Contri- butions were levied upon the business men and leading citizens ; horses were taken at pleasure, stores raided, etc., etc. The loss to the people of the town and surrounding country was about si 5,00(1, exclusive of horses, and it was estimated that 500 horses were taken from the county. They entered the town of Salem about nine o'clock and remained until three in the after- noon, when they left, passing through the towns of Canton and New Phila- delphia. Under the call for troops in October, 1863, the county's quota was 207. Recruiting now became lively and the requisition was finally filled without a draft. The new recruits went to the Sixty-sixth, the Thirteenth and other regiments that had already drawn men from the county. There was much opposition, however, to the war and a strong element in the county opposed its prosecution. Many leading citi- zens were arrested for "disloyalty" and sent to the military prison at Indianapolis, where they were tried and some convicted and others acquitted. Another call for 500,000 troops was made in 1864, which took a heavy draft to fill up. December 9th, 1864, the last call of the Avar was made which was for 300,000 men. Even- effort was made to fill it without a draft, and a bounty of S:;-_>5 was offered to each recruit. Enlistments went on and fast as made the men were sent to the field. A large number went to dif- ferent companies of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth regiment. But the Avar was nearing a close, and in the early spring of 1865 all efforts to enlist men in the county were aban- doned. It is estimated that Washing- ton county, during the war, furnished 268 HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 2,804 men and $170,000 in bounty. The religious history of the county, and also its educational history, are of interest and rank favorably with any county of southern Indiana. An extended sketch of these items of county history cannot be given in this article further than to say that the educational facilities of the county are adequate to the demand of the people, and the interest manifested in matters pertaining to education is the best guarantee of the intelligence and civilization of the county. And the churches to be seen in every town and hamlet, and dotted over the country, is the best proof of the moral and religious standing of the com- munity. Among the religious denom- inations represented in the county are the Christians, with a larger member- ship perhaps than any other denomina- tion, the Friends or Quakers, Regular Baptists, Presbyterians, Covenanters, Lutherans, United Brethren, Metho- dists and Roman Catholics. The edu- cational institutions of Washington county at the present time are mostly the public schools. In earlier years, however, there were many private and select schools, some of them of a very high order. But the finely perfected system of the public schools has superseded most of the private or select schools. JUDGE THOMAS L. COLLINS — Was born in New Albany, Inch, June 24th, 1833, and is a son of' James and Angelina (Loraine) Collins — the latter was a native of Petersburg, Va., when she was married to Mr. Collins. They afterwards emigrated West and settled in Indiana. The former, James Col- lins, was also born in Virginia, came to this State about 181 G, and settled in Charlestown where he engaged in farming. He was a man of con- siderable local prominence. He repre- sented Floyd county two terms in the Legislature, beginning in 183(3, and State Senator from that District in 1840. His father, James Collins, came from Virginia in 1816. JikW Collins was educated in private schools in New Albany and at Greencastle, Ind. He began study- ing law, and was admitted to the bar of New Albany in 1855, practiced in that city until 1860, then removed to Paoli, Ind., remaining there until 1866, and then moved to this place. He was elected Circuit Judge in 1*77, and has held the office ever since, being last elected in 1888. He mar- ried in 1856. Judge Collins is a man of sterling integrity, strong individuality ; and, as a judge he ranks among the fore- ' mi >st judges of the State. HISTORY OF WASHINGTON COUNTY. 269 JOHN M. GEE SHAM— A son of Simon F. and Marguerite Cynthia Gresham, (nee Wilson), Kentuckian and Indianian by birth respectively. His father was one of the early mer- chants of Fredericksburg, Washington county, End., where he, John M., was born June 7th, 1800. In 1888 he published the eighth edition of Perrin's Kentucky History for the city of Louisville. His latest edition is the "Souvenir," 1889. His mother, a widow, and two sisters, Ida Belle and Cora May, reside at Salem, Ind. ASA ELLIOTT— Was born in this (Washington county) in 1852, and is a son of Asa and Mary (Maudlin) Elliott, also natives of the county. The father of the former, Henry Elliott, was a native of Russell county, Va., came to this State in 1815, settling in this (Washington) county, where he engaged in farming. His wife, Lutisha Reese, was from Tennes- see. The maternal grandfather of the subject, Nathan Maudlin, was from North Carolina, came to Indiana in 1814, and settled in this county. He was a fanner, and for many years before his death served as a justice of the peace. His wife was Rachel Brown, <»f Randolph county, N. C. Asa Elliott, the subject, was educa- ted, in the common schools of the county, and at Pr< >f . May's select school of Salem. After quitting school he taught for eight years and in 1877 began to read law during his vacation from school work. After proper read- ing he took a course at Central Law School of Indiana, at Indianapolis, and was admitted to the bar in 1879, the year before he came to Salem and commenced practicing, which he con- tinued until 1882 when he took a post graduate course at the same school and read in the office of Henry N. Spaan, of Indianapolis, Ind. He then came back and has been practicing here ever siuce. He is a young man, well versed in the law, and is rapidly growing into prominence as a lawyer. In 1880 he married Miss Emma Rud- der, a daughter of Elder James Rudder, a minister of the Christian Church. Mr. Elliott is a member of Salem Lodge No. 21, and of Salem Royal Arch Chapter No. 38 of Ma>ons- HON. JOHN C. LAWLEE— Is of pure Irish origin. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, January 13th, 184.'!. He is a son of John C. and Susan ( Cahill) Lawler who were natives of Ireland and married in that coun- try. They emigrated to America in 270 WASHINGTON COUNTY. 1835 and located in Cincinnati. The Elder John C, was a tanner by trade, a hardworking, industrious man and a quiet citizen. He died in 1854. J. C. Lawler the subject of this sketch, was brought up in Cincinnati and educated in the public schools of Cincinnati, Ohio, and in St. Joseph's College in Perry county, Ohio. After quitting school he came to Indiana in 1855 and in May, 1861 enlisted in Company Gr., Capt. Sayles, 13th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He served three years when he was dis charged and came home. He read law with Crow and Voyles and was admitted to the bar in August, 1871. In 1867 lie was elected Trustee of Monroe township, Washington county, served oae term and was then elec- ted to the Legislature, in 1868, but resigned before the term was up ; was re-elected iu I860, and served the full term, being one of the leading Dem- ocratic members of that session. He served three terms as a member of the Town Council of Salem. He was married in December, 1866, to Eliza A. Robertson, a daughter of Alexander and Cornelia (Lumley) Robertson of this State. They have had six children, two of whom are dead ; Hallie, Minnie, John A., and Ella J., are living. Jessie C. and Edna are dead. Mr. Lawler is a member of the Odd Fellows, and is a staunch Democrat. As a lawyer he stands high at the bar. ANDREAV J. McINTOSH— Of Salem was bom in Washington coun- ty, Ind., October 6th, 1841. His father, John Mcintosh, resides at New Albany. His mother was a Miss Sarah Barnett before her marrias-e. A. J. Mcintosh began to earn his own living when a mere lad, as news boy ou the L. N A. & C. railway ; he c< >ntinued successfully in this position for five years ; he was then employed by the company as brakeman ; then as baggagemaster, and by the faithful performance of his duties won the confidence and esteem of the company who promoted him to the position of conductor of a passenger train. This position he filled creditably to himself and to the satisfaction of the company for seven years. He was married November 18th, 1868, to Miss Ella S. DePauw, of New Albany, Inch, daughter < >f Hon. W. C. DePauw, deceased. (See DePauw's sketch). In 1869, Mr. Mcintosh engaged in business as a merchant at Salem and continued for some years. He was elected Sheriff of Washington county in 1882, and re-nominated by his party SOUVENIR SKETCHES. •-•71 the Democrats, in 1884 without oppo- sition. He was again elected and soon after resigned. In 1885, under the Cleveland administration he was appointed Revenue Inspector for the District in which he lives. This posi- tion he still holds, and will hold until President Harrison requests him to change his business. Mr. Mcintosh is a prominent Mason, having taken the 32d or Scot- tish Rite degree ; he is also an I. O. 0. F. and K. of P. member. ELI W. MENAUGH— Circuit Clerk, and the most popular of all the Washington county officials, was born in Salem, Indiana, Jan. 17th, 1844, and is a son of John L. and Lavina (Naugle) Menaugh. The latter was of German origin. The former, John L. Menaugh, was born in Taylorsville, Ky., in 1807. He came to Indiana and settled in this count)-. He was a farmer, but afterwards eno-asred in merchandising and banking. He was a man of much local prominence, and was elected Sheriff in 1846, then to the Legislature, serving one term. He was Treasurer of the county eight years, and postmaster many years, under Democratic administrations — also took the census for the county in is 70. He was Colonel of the militia of this county during the Mexican war. He died in 1879. His father, Thomas Menaugh, a native of Ireland, came to America during the latter part of the century, and settled in North Caro- lina, but some years later moved to Kentucky, and later, in 1809, to Indi- ana, where his life was spent as a farmer. Eli W., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Salem, and educated in the common schools of the county, and at the age of seventeen years entered the army as a private, in the company of Capt. James Banta, and served all through the war. He arose to the rank of Quartermaster's Ser- geant, and came home in the summer of 1865. After his return from the army he opened a store, which he car- ried on for six years ; then served as Deputy Clerk, and in 1886 he was elected Circuit Clerk without oppo. sition, a position he now holds. In 1866 he was married to Alice A., daughter of Win. A. and Cynthia ( Mitchell ) Kemp, natives of this State. They have five children, viz: Nina, wife of Theodore Wilson, Deputy Clerk; Heber L., Annie D., Clyde and Gertrude. He is a member of the Baptist Church, of the Masonic Order. and of the K. of P., Gr. A. R., etc. He has held all the principal offices of 272 WASHINGTON COUNTY. the Masonic Lodge, and of the other organizations to which he belongs. He was a delegate to the National encampment G. A. R. which met in St. Louis in 1887. He was also a del- egate from his Congressional District to the Democratic National Conven- tion at St. Louis in 1888. He was Chairman of the Democrat- ic Central Committee of his county in the campaign of 1888, and while every county adjoining his lost to the Dem. ocracy from 200 to 300 votes, yet his county, after a close and thorough •organization, succeeded in giving one of her old time Democratic majorities. SAMUEL B. VOYLES— A promi- nent lawyer of Salem, was horn in Washington county, Indiana, in 1844. His father, William Yoyles, is also to the "manor born. 1 ' He was born in Washington county seventy-three years ago, is still living and is one of the highly respected farmers of the county. William Yoyles 1 father, whose name was also William, was a North Caro- linian by birth and was a private sol. dier in Gen. Gates' army in the war of the revolution. He was among the ear- liest pioneers in Washington county. S. B. Voyles' mother was Barbara Wilson, a daughter of Richard Wil- son, the latter a native of North Caro- lina, migrating from there to the county, and was among the first who settled here. His mother and a sister older than himself died in 1844. S. B. Yoyles remained on his father's farm until he was eighteen years old, when he entered the army in an Indiana regi- ment, and for three years fought in all the principal battles of his regi- ment. At the end of his time of enlistment he returned home, going thence to Missouri where he read law, and in 1808 attended the St. Louis Law School. In 1869 he Avas admitted to practice at Salem where he has success- fully continued ever since. At two elections he was chosen Prosecuting Attorney for his Judicial Circuit, composed of Jackson and Washington counties and in this office he served faithfully and energetically for four years. In 1880 after an acrimonious contest for the nomination he was selected and afterward elected to the Indiana Senate for the district composed of Washington and Floyd counties, and while a member of the Senate he was one of the acknowledged leaders of that body and served at the head of several important committees. Mi". Voyles is now serving as one of the Commissioners of the State Monu- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 273 merit Board, appointed by the Gover- nor, and as a member of this Board he aided in the selection of the celebrated design for the State Soldiers' Monu- ment at Indianapolis. He was married in 1873 to Miss Maud Huston, of Salem, a woman of superior intelligence and culture. Their children are : Willard, Clara, Tom, Kate and Barbara. Mr. Voyles owns a beautiful home at Salem and is otherwise well fixed in a financial way. He is a good law- yer and is truly a self-made man. He enjoyed none of the educational advan. tages of the present era, nevertheless he is a man of good natural ability — a student of research, the builder up of his own fortune and the architect of his own fame. HENRY POLLOCH— Of Jeffer- sonville, Clark county, Ind., was born in the City of Louisville, Kentucky, February 27th, 1835. His father, William Polloch, was born in countv Mayo, Ireland, April 7th, 1708. The family have no record of the time he emigrated to the United States. He Avas married in this country in 1833, and died in 187'">. He was the father of five sons and one daughter, of win >m four sons and one daughter survived him, to wit : Henry the subject of our sketch, Thomas, William and John, and Mrs. Mary E. Polk. His mother's • maiden name was Judith Merritt. She was a native of Kentucky, having been born in Bullitt county, that State, August 11th, 1804, and is still alive and in good health, at the ad- vanced age of eighty-five years. She is the mother of ten children. His father, William Polloch, came to Clark county, Indiana, in the year 1838 and located on a farm, when Henry Pol- loch, the subject of this sketch, was but five years of age, and he remained there helping and assisting on the farm until he was seventeen years old. He then went to Charlestown in 1852 and set in with John Cowling to learn the carpenter's trade, with whom he remained and served faithfully three years. All the schooling he ever re- ceived, he obtained in the free public schools of Clark county, Indiana. After his apprenticeship with Mr. Cowling expired, he went to Louis- ville where he worked at his trade of house carpenter. He remained there two years, when he came to Jefferson- ville and entered into a co-partnership with his old boss, John Cowling, to engage in the carpentering business. They remained together, doing a pros- perous business in their line until 1866, when the co-partnership, by mutual consent,was (1 iss< lived, Mr.Cowl- 274 MISCELLANEOUS. ing retiring from the business. He then .became a contractor and builder on his own account and has built some of the finest buildings in the city of Jef- fersonville, and has continued in the business ever since. In connection with that of contractor and builder, he has studied and learned architecture and drawing and stair- building and makes and furnishes plans and designs for all kinds of houses and public buildings. He is considered one of the finest and most reliable builders around the Falls. Mr. Polloch was married to Miss Frances Brisby on the 12 th day of July, 1857. She was born in Jeffer- son county, Kentucky, February 21st, 1835. They have two children, both girls, Anna Belle and Alice Everett. Alice is married to W. F. Clark, son of Prof. Joseph Clark, of the city of Jeffersonville, and Anna Belle is single and living at home with her parents. His first wife, Miss Frances Brisby, and the mother of his two daughters, died March 24th, 188-4, in the forty-ninth year of her age. On the 7th of April, 1885, he was married the second time to Maggie E. Polk. She was born in Winchester, Clark county, in the State of Kentucky, April 14th, 1845. Mr. Henry Polloch is a man of good, strong native sense ; while it cannot be said that he is an educated man, yet he will be found well informed upon all public matters. His honesty and integrity no man ever questioned. Everybody that knows him has the utmost confidence in him in any mat- ter of importance. He is one of our best and most reliable citizens. JOHN S. BURGES— Of Harrison county was born in the same county, May 15th, 1836, and is a son of West Binges, a native of Maryland, who came to Indiana in 1825, and settled in Spencer township, where he died in 1852, at the age of 62 years. He was an old line Whig, but never took any interest in politics beyond the casting of his vote for the man of his party's choice. He was a local Meth- odist preacher for twenty-five years, and did much good in the community. His father came from England. The mother of John S. was Hannah Sin- sey, before her marriage, and was born in Virginia, where she was married, and then came West with her hus- band. She was of German descent. John S. was reared on a farm and received a common school education. He was married October 7th, 1856, to Miss Sarah Haas, a daughter of Rev. Jacob Haas, of German parentage, and a local minister of the United Brethren church, who came to Harri- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. son county in early times. Mr. and Mrs. Burges had six children, viz : Hannah C; Emma, (died at the age of three); Lida E.; William, (died at the age of eleven); Mary, and Joseph E. The mother died in 1866, and Mr. Buro-es married Mariah Brown, a daughter of John Brown of this coun- ty. The result of this union is five children : Lena ; John and Anna, twins ; Cort and Frank. Mr. Burges is a prominent member of the M. E. church, a Republican in politics, and an honest man naturally. He owns 287 acres of well improved land, lives well, and is one of the enterprising and prosperous farmers of the county. His children have been well educated and are among the respected men and women of their neighborhood. Some are teachers, some married and rearing families of their own, some are farm- ers, and some live in other States. Joseph E. lives in California; Lida is married to Allen Russell, and lives in Cincinnati ; the others live in Harri- son county. HENRY H. DEVORE— Of Har- rison county, was born in Hart county, Kentucky, Jan. 14th, 1846, and is a son of Philip Devore, a native of Ken- tucky, and a grandson of Philip Devore, Sr., of Pennsylvania. Philip, Jr., the father of Henry, married Eunice Reese, a daughter of* Philip Reese. To them were born twelve children, Henry H., the subject of this sketch, being the youngest. His father emi- grated from Kentucky to New Albany, about 1850 and died in 1867 — his wife died about 1853-55. Henry H. was bred a farmer and educated in the public schools, receiving all the advantages they afforded. He enlisted in Co. C, Forty-ninth Indiana Vol. Infantry, Sept. 30th. 1861. In Febru- ary. 1864,he veteranized and served un- til the close of the war, being discharged Sept. 13th, 1865. His service was long and severe and he took part in all the battles and skirmishes of his regiment. "When the war was over and peace again smiled upon the coun- try, he laid down his arms and returned to his plow. He was married Jan. 29th, 1872, to Miss Eliza C. Cromwell, daughter of Lewis and Mary Cromwell. They have three children, born as follows: Mary E., Sept. 29th, ] 879 ; Viola, March 15th, 1882, and Rose M., April 5th 1886. Wm. Devore is a prosperous farmer and an exemplary citizen. JOSEPH W. FETZER — Of Har- rison county was born in Crawford county, this State. August 4th, 1825, 276 MISCELLANEOUS. and is a sou of Benjamin and Eliza- beth (Wilson) Fetzer. The former was horn in Virginia, and came to Crawford county, Indiaua, in 1821. He had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and after locating here he fol- lowed farming and distilling. Eliza- beth Wilson Fetzer was born in Har- rison county and is a daughter of John and Prucilla Wilson, who were among the earliest settlers of Harrison county. The subject of this sketch was brought up on his father's farm, receiving limited educational advantages, which were one and a half months during the winter for three years. He was married December 7 th, 1848, to Miss Parmelia Little, a daughter of Josiah and Mary Little — the former was a native of Georgia and was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Fetzer have seven children, five of whom are living and two are dead. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry under Col. G. L. McJohnson, and in 1864 was promoted to Lieutenant. He was discharged June 1865, and from disability now draws a pension. Mr. Fetzer owns 135 acres of choice land which he has highly improved and fanned to excellent advantage. He devotes considerable attention to the raising of fine stock. He and his wife are earnest, consistent Christians — members of the Methodist Church, and highly respected people in the community in which they live. JAMES MILLER— Of Harrison county, was born March 11th, 1844, and is the son of James and Margaret (Tuel) Miller; the former was born in Pennsylvania about the year 1803, and the latter in Harrison county, Indiana, about 1815-20. They had four chil- dren of whom James, the subject of this sketch, was the eldest. He (the subject) was reared on a farm and received a common school education. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Co. F, Eighty-first IndianaVoluuteer Infantry, and was discharged June 13th, 1865, on account of the expiration of his term of service. He returned home and resumed farm work. He was soon afterward married (June, 1865) to Miss Lavina Pearson, a daughter of John Pearson, Esq. They had one child — Mary Elizabeth, born Septem- ber 1st, 1866. Mrs. Miller died in September, 1867, and July 10, 1874, he married Mrs. Rebecca J. Stewart, who was born March 28th, 1848, and was the daughter of Adam and Nancy Coons, natives of Kentucky. She was the widow of Charles Stewart, a soldier in the late civil war, who enlisted in Co. G, Twenty-third lnd- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 277 iana Volunteer Infantry and was dis- charged January 3d, 1864, his term of service having expired. He re-enlisted and served until July 23d, 1865, when he was discharged. He died in Janu- ary 8th, 187-2. Mr. Miller joined the M. E. Church when but fifteen years of age, and has ever since been a con- sistent member of the same. DAVID M. ALSPAUGH— Of the legal firm of Alspaugh <>n of Catherine ( Etzler) Paynter. the former born in Maryland, in 1785', and the latter in Virginia in 1793. They emi- grated to Washington county in 1822, and settled on a farm three miles south of Salem, where C. L. Paynter was raised. John Paynter was a lieutenant in the war of 1812, and died in July, 1868. His widow d;ed in 1879. Dr. Paynter secured a fair education in youth, taught school to some extent, and on the breaking out of hostilities between the United States and Mexico he became a member of Company D, Second Indiana Regiment. He served through Buena Vista, and on the expi- ration of his term of enlistment, returned to Ins native county and soon afterward began the study of medicine with Dr. A. M. Jones at Corydon. In 1853 he graduated from the Louisville Medical University, and for many years has occupied a prominent position among the physicians oC Salem and surrounding counties. He is a member of the Washington county and State Medical Societies. February 5th, 1856, he married Miss Sarah J. Smith, of Hardin county, Kentucky. William H., a young attorney of Salem ; Mary L., and Horace 31. are their children living. JOHN A. ZARING— Lawyer of Salem was born in Sc< >tt county ,Indiana, October 30th, 1*48, and is the eldest son of James W. and (Carlyle) Zaring. He assisted his father in carrying on the farm, attending school during the winter, until by diligence in hisstudies he was enabled, at the age of eighteen, to pass an examination for a teacher's certificate. From that time until he was twenty-two, he worked on the farm during the summer, and taught school in the winter. In the spring of 1870 he entered the State University at Bloomington, Indiana, where he spent three years, graduating from the Law Department in the spring of 1874. After teaching school one term, 2S0 MISCELLANEOUS he settled in Salem, Indiana, and began the practice of law in which he has successfully continued. He was for several years associated in practice with Hon. Horace Heffren until the death of the latter, when he soon formed a partnership with Hilton B. Hotted, a talented young lawyer of Salem, and this partnership continues to the present time. Mr. Zaring was married to Miss Minnie Heffren, daughter of Hon, Horace Heffren, deceased. They have one child, a daughter, Mable. Mr. Zaring is one of the most polished speakers at the "Washington county bar, and by his close attention to business and his upright and gentle- manly bearing is fast winning a way to prominence as a lawyer in his com- munity. JUDGE BENJAMIN P. DOUG- LASS — Of Harrison county, was born at New Market, Shenandoah county, Virginia, July 2 2d, 1820. He is a son of Adam and Nancy [Penny- backer] Douglass. His ancestors on his father's side were Scotch from the north of Ireland. His grandfather was a captain in the I fish Rebellion of 1798 and on the quelling of the insurrection was compelled to flee to this country. On his mother's side they came from Pennsylvania, her people having settled there at the time of William Penn. Isaac Pennybacker, his mother's brother, was United States Senator from Virginia and also Judge of the Circuit Court. Benjamin P. attended the common school in Vir- ginia when a small boy and removed with his parents to Harrison county, Indiana, in 1834, where they settled on a farm. His father, being a fine classical scholar himself, undertook the educa- tion of his son, thereby affording him an excellent education,, an advantage of which he availed himself to the fullest extent. On finishing his course he con- tinued for a time with his father, work- ing on the farm, studying hard and teaching sch< >< >1, for which his education had so thoroughly qualified him. He continued in these occupations until 1849, Avhen he was chosen County Auditor. This election was somewhat remark- able, he being a Democrat and the district at that time being strongly Whig, a convincing proof of the esteem in which he was personally held by those who knew him. He Avas then strongly solicited to become Clerk of the county which, however, he declined. In 1857 he was elected as Representa- tive to the State Legislature from Harrison county, where he served one session. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 281 In 1858 lie embarked in mercantile business in which he continued until 1867, when he was appointed by a board of commissioners to fill an unex- pired term in the Auditor's office for the purpose of placing his accounts in better order. In 1868 he was elected Clerk of the Circuit Court. After the expiration of his term of office he entered regu- larly upon the profession of law at Corydon, where he continued until 1885 when he was appointed as Special Agent of the Land Office, with headquarters in New Mexico, in which capacity he still serves [1889]. He was one of the directors and President of the Pike road from Cory- don to New Albany, of which he was one of the projectors. He was also one of the directors and engineer during the construction of the Air Line R. R. He was married at Louisville, July 1835 to Annie Pope, daughter of Edmund Pendleton Pope, a prominent lawyer of Louisville. They have two children, one daugh- ter, now dead, and one son born July, 1859, now in Colorado. The Judge, himself, is a man of commanding appearance. His habits are those of a scholar and a gentle- man. HORACE HEFFREN— Was born in Dryden, Tompkins county, N. Y., May 27th, 1831, and was the eldest son of Elijah and Julia A. (Dunham) Heffren. His father was a farmer. His mother's brother, Cyrus L. Dunham, was a very prominent man in State affairs, being one of the leading attorneys of Indiana, and also repre- sented the State in Congress. Mr. Heffren spent his early life on the farm, attending school during the winter, and at the age of seventeen taught school three terms. In October, 1850, he emigrated to Brownstown, Jackson county, Indiana, and in the following spring began the study of law in the office of C. L. Dunham and J. M. Lord at Salem. He was admitted to the bar in 1852 and admitted to practice in the Supreme Court, on motion of the Hon. William T. Otto, May 29th, 1855. In 1852 he began the practice of law at Salem, Indiana, and resided there till his death. In October, 1856, he was elected State Senator, and intro- duced a bill which became a law : "To provide for transferring the certificates of the stock of the State, providing for a registry of the same; to prevent a fraudulent issue thereof, and provid- ing a punishment for a violation of the provisions of this act." In 1857, through the manipulations 282 MISCELLANEOUS. of the joint session in an attempt to defeat the election of United States Senator, a point of order being raised, Mr. Heffren spoke against time, as per arrangement, and succeeded in electing the United States Senator from his party. In 1801 he was elected joint repre- sentative from the counties of Wash- ington and Harrison without opposi- tion, and was the Democratic candidate for Speaker of the House, receiving the entire party vote. The same year he assisted in raising the Thirteenth Regiment of Indiana Volunteer In- fantry of which he was commissioned Major and afterward promoted Colonel. In October he was transferred to the Fiftieth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, which he assisted to recruit, and was sent to Tennessee with a portion of the regiment. In September, 1862, lie was compelled to resign owing to ill health. Returning to Salem, he resumed the practice of law, to which he devoted the remainder of his life. In the fall of 1882 he was again elected to the House of Representatives from Washington county, served as the Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, and was the acknowledged leader of the Democratic side of the House in that session. For four years he was engaged in writing the history of Washington county, which he pub- lished from week to week in the Salem Democrat. For thirty-five years Mr. Heffren was a leading man in the Democratic party, and it was greatly indebted to him for its thorough organization and its success under many adverse and trying circumstances. He was married October 23d, 1855, to Miss Mary Persise. She died some years ago ; two children survive. Mr. Heffren was made a Free Mason in 1852. He took all the degrees through Knighthood and was a repre- sentative in the Grand Lodge and Grand Chapter of the State. He was closely identified with the growth and prosperity of Washington county. He was regarded as standing at the head of the legal fraternity in his county, and was highly respected as a citizen and gentleman. DAVID ALVIS [deceased]— A pioneer of Washington county, was born in about 1788 in" the Old Domin- ion, which was also the native State of his parents^ Jesse and Mary [Malory] Alvis. Jesse Alvis was an «- old revolutionary war soldier, and in about 1806 removed to Shelby county, Kentucky, where David Alvis, in about 1812, married Ellen McKniley, and from whence he emigrated Avith his family, in February 1816, to what SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 283 is now known as Washington comity, Indiana, settling near Pekin on the South Fork of Blue river. In a few years David returned t< > Kentucky, and on his return brought his aged parents who ever afterward made Indiana their home. The Alvis family saw much <>f the hardships and inconveniences of pio- neer life, and have been in some way identified with the prosperity of the county from its organization down to the present. Mrs. Ellen Alvis died in 1863, fol- lowed by her husband in 1868. Per. haps the most widely known of their children is W. M. Alvis, who was born in Pierce township, September 6th, 1823, and has always made Wash- ington county his home. Much of his life has been passed in teaching school, and for eight years he has served as Treasurer of the count)', being elected to that office four times. Miss C. D. Lapping became his wife in 1850, and J. Albert and J. D. were their children, the latter being the rt< >n,Hendrieks and Williams. In 1885 he retired from active practice and opened a general store, to which he devotes most of his attention ; only collecting and doing a little legal business for his friends. JOHN F. READ— Counselor at law, of Jeffersoiiville, is a member of a family which has been identified more or less with the history of the State, since it emerged from its terri- torial condition. On both sides he descended from Kentuckians who emigrated to Indiana at an early date. He was born on Indiana soil, October 4th, 1822, and is the eldest of four children of James G. and Mary (Mahan) Read. His father repre- sented his District in the Legislature for over twenty years. In 1828 he received the Democratic nomination for Governor against the Whig candi- date and was defeated by a small majority. In 1834 he was again the candidate of his party for Governor, and again suffered a defeat at the hands of the dominant party, but it could well be said by his opponents : "A few more such victories and we are lost.' 1 He was the editor and proprietor of the first newspaper published at Vincennes, Indiana, which naturally reflected his politics in an eminent degree. Uncompromisingly Demo- cratic in his convictions, he conducted his paper with an eye single to tlie interests of his party, while dealing firmly but courteously with his oppo- nents. He was well known as a ready writer and fluent and graceful speaker. He laid out the City of Washington, Daviess county, where he resided for many years. In early life he had been engaged in mercantile business, and hai 1 succeeded in accumulating a com- petence. John F. Read was educated at Hanover College, Indiana, from which 386 MISCELLANEOUS. he graduated in the class of 1845, under the presidency of Professor Me Masters. Iu 1846 lie commenced the practice of law at Jeffersonville, where he has been for more than thirty years actively engaged iu the profes- sion. His present law partner is Jonas G. Howard. Mr. Read has served one term in the State Legislature and eight years in the land office of the State — four years under the administration of James K. Polk and four under Frank- lin Pierce. The e positions were filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the public, but it is not alone in pub- lic or professional life that Mr. Read has influenced the development of his city and State. He has always been a truly public spirited citizen, not given to the encouragement of visionary schemes, but aiding everything that in his judg- ment had a tendency to enliven or improve the business interests of the community. In 1846 Mr. Read married Miss Eliza Kegwin. She died in 1852, leaving a daughter who is the wife of Mr. Sage, of Jeffersonville. In 1855 Mr. Read married Miss Eliza Pratt, daughter of Joseph R. Pratt, of Georgetown, Kentucky. They have a family of eight children. CAPTAIN ALLEN W. BROWN — Ex-Treasurer of Jennings county, Vernon, Indiana, was born in Jennings county, Indiana, November ■_' 7th, ls^T, and was the eldest son of John and Jane (McGill) Brown. His grand- father Brown served both in the revo- lutionary war and the war of 1812. His uncle, John McGill, was in the war of 1812, and his grandfather Mc- Gill spent seven years in the revolu- tionary army. Captain Brown was brought up on his father's farm and employed his time in agricultural labor, and assisting his father in his saw-mill, until he was twenty-one years of age; iu this time having been only a pirt of three months at school. He has, however, since obtained a good English education. When a good- sized boy, he worked for some time at 12 A cents per day. In 1848 he built a saw-mill which he operated one year. He then sold it, and after spending some time in the South, worked in the ship-yard at Madi- son. In 1850 he returned to Jennings county, re-purchased his mill and car- ried it on for about four years. He also built a flouring mill at Scipio, in which he had a one-third interest,which he conducted for a year or two. He then sold his mill property, and for a short time was in no regular business. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 287 In 1S5C) he purchased another saw- mill and operated it until August, 1862, when he sold out and enlisted as a private in Co. B., Eighty-second Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was soon after commissioned Second Lieutenant, and then rose to the rank of Captain. He was with his regiment during all its important actions from the battle of Chattanooga to that of Atlanta, except the battle of Murfrees- boro when he was on sick leave in Indiana. Owing to ill health he resigned in November, 1864, and returned home. He soon after pur- chased an interest in a store at Scipio which he carried on two years; then selling out he returned to his farm, which he has since continued to manage. He was elected Treasurer of Jen- nings county in 1876, and re-elected in 1878. In politics he is an earnest Republican, and has been an energetic worker, contributing much to the suc- cess of his party. He is a member of the Baptist Church. In July, 1853, he married Miss Euphemia Wilkins, daughter of a fa inier of Jennings county. They have four children living; three sons ami one daughter. Captain Brown is a genial and social gentle- man, and is esteemed by all who know him. GENERAL LEVI SPARKS— Late of Jeffersonville, was born at Chinch Hill, Queen Anne county, Maryland, November 21st, 1814. He came to Indiana in 1836, and settled in Washington, Daviess county, but after remaining there one year he removed to Jeffersonville and entered the dry goods house of W. D. Beach. In 1840 he engaged in the dry goods trade in partnership with Peter Myers. This connection continued for eight years when Mr. Myers retired and Mr. Sparks continued in business for him- self until his death, which occurred March 26th, 1875. He was an active Democrat, and was a prominent mem- ber of his party. From 1845 to 1869 he was a member of the City Council of Jeffersonville, and proved himself to be one of the best servants that the city has ever had. In 1869 he was elected Mayor of the city, and again in 1871. Few men in public or private life have been more devoted to the interests of the city than Mr. Sparks. To him is largely due the location of the Govern- ment Arsenal at Jeffersonville, which contributes in no small degree to the prosperity of the place. He was for a number of years a member of the District and State Democratic Central Committee. Every duty which devolved upon him was performed 288 MISCELLANEOUS. with energy, sagacity and fidelity. He was a member of every National Con- vention from 185*2 until his death. He was an intimate friend of Governor Hendricks, Senator McDonald and M. C. Kerr. PROF. JAMES G. MAY — Was born in Lincoln county, Indiana, April 21st, 1805. He was the eldest son of nine children — two brothers and two sisters born to Jacob and Eleanor (McDonald) May. The May family history is briefly this : In the year 1700 a crowd of students of colleges and universities of a portion of Germany, heated by the drinking of crambam- buli, a German drink, uttered treason- able sentences against the crowned heads and potentates of their native country, and threatened to deprive them of their kingly power. George May, great-grandfather of James G., the subject of this sketch, together with his brother John and thirteen others, escaped arrest and in sailors' disguise took passage to America, landing at Philadelphia in 1701. John May's descendants set- tled in North Carolina, Maryland and Virginia, afterwards spreading to Ken- tucky, Indiana and Ohio. George May was the father of seven sons and two daughters, and Jacob, grandfather of James G., was the oldest. George died at Philadelphia. Jacob settled in Maryland and settled near Baltimore and there Jacob, father of James G., was born. Jacob, the second, settled in Kentucky in 1783 at the age of ten years with his parents. He came to Indiana in 1825 and died at Martinsville, in Washington county, in 1852. William McDonald, grandfather of James G. May, was born in Philadel- phia and his parents were natives of Scotland. He served seven years in the revolutionary war ; married a Miss Bell in North Carolina, she being a near relative of John Bell, who was a candidate for the Presidency in 1860. James G. May never remembered when he learned his letters. At six years of age he read sufficiently well to peruse the Bible unaided. From the time he was four years old he was always a student up to the time of his death. When fourteen years of aare lie entered Morrison's Academy and there acquired an extensive knowledge of the sciences. Not possessing the means necessary to take a collegiate course, he began teaching at sixteen years, in his father's family and working on the farm, at the same time pursuing privately the course his academic class- mates were taking at Center College, at Danville, Ky. In ten years he SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 289 mastered the course without one day's attendance at college and in 1823 taught his first term of subscription school. In November, 1824, he came to Indiana and that winter taught school in Brown township, Washington county. In 1825 he began reading law privately. The greater part of his useful life was passed teaching school ; about 7,000 days in Washington county, 1,080 da)'S in Decatur county, Ind., 1,935 days in Harrison county Seminary, 1,170 days in New Albany as superintendent and general instruc- tor, 308 days scattering — making a total of some 11,000 days passed in the school room. It is not necessary to add that Prof. May made school teaching a suec^s. In 1838 he was admitted to practice law at Rushville, Ind., and engaged in legal pursuits. From December, 1832, to November. 1834, he was editor of the Western Annotator, at Salem. He was a Jacksonian in politics up to 1833, when his views changed on the question of banking, and in 1834 he wrote the first article recommending- William Henry Harrison for the Pres- idency. In 1856 he became a Republican, and remained one till the day of his death. During the bitter struggle between the North and the South, he was ever found a warm supporter of the Union and Lincoln's administra- tion, and often was threatened all man- ner of violence for his outspoken and radical stand in favor of the Union. March 5th, 1829, he married Nancy, daughter of Benoni and Elizabeth (McCoskey) Armstrong. Prof. May, at the time of his death in the winter of '88, bore the honor of 1 icing the oldest schoolmaster in the State and longest in the service. PART II JSOUVENIRj-KETGMES. CHARLES C. ANDERSON is the son of Samuel Anderson anil Rebecca (Craw- ford) Anderson, and was born in the city of Philadelphia, January 29, 1813. His father emigrated to the West in 1S17. He came from Philadelphia, across the State of Pennsylvania, by land, in a derburn car- riage, to Pittsburg, and they were some two or three weeks making the trip. At Pitts- burg his father and some of his friends jointly bought a liatboat, and in this boat floated down the Ohio river to Cincinnati, Ohio ; arriving at Cincinnati, which was but a small town at that time, father en- gaged to work in a foundry owned by a Mr. Green, the motive power of which was a yoke of oxen. One of Mr. Anderson's early recollections is connected with this foundry. He used to go there, and the Irishman, Jimmie Ramsey, who had charge of the oxen and to keep the machinery in constant motion, would place him on the beam to which the oxen were hitched, where he would ride round and drive the oxen. That, he thought, was the most de- lightful time in life. After working in Mr. Green's foundry for a time, he worked in Watson's clock fac- tory, and was engaged in manufacturing clock cases. His mother, who was a native of Philadelphia, died soon after they came West, in 1820, when he was but seven years of age. She was of a Quaker family, and retained, until her death, some of their peculiarities. His father, who was a native of Trenton, N. J., died in 1S34, at the age of forty years. Mr. Cbarles C. Anderson, the subject of our sketch, learned the trade of foundry- man, in Cincinnati, with Robert C. Green, who owned and operated a large foundry and machine shop in that city. In 1832 Mr. Green removed to Jeffersonville, bring- ing Mr. Anderson with him, and built a shop and carried on the foundry and machine business for a number of years. Mr. Anderson remained with Mr. Green until he quit the business and engaged in other pursuits. Some time about 18-10 Mr. Anderson started a small machine shop a short dis- tance above Howard's shipyard, which he carried on about four years, when he formed a partnership with Hamilton Rob- inson, Richard Goss and James Kiegwin, and removed to an old carriage shop, situated on a lot adjoining where the City Hotel on Spring street now stands. Here the firm carried on business for a number of years, when a change was made in the business, and a shop was built on Watt street between Maple and Court avenue. In I860 this shop was burned and Mr. Anderson, who was its sole proprietor, lost most of his property. His friends came to his assistance and in six weeks had a tern- CLARK COUNTY porary building and resumed business. Since then- he has added to his buildings and stocked his foundry with tools and im- proved machinery so that he can and is doing a good business. The name of his foundry is "The Jefferson Foundry," but it is as commonly known as "Anderson's." Mr. Anderson was married in 1835 to Miss Mary Lanciskes, a native of Zanes- ville, Ohio, but was residing in Jefferson- ville with some relatives at the time of the marriage. She died in 1880, leaving six living children, — Mary, George, John, Charles, Eobert and Martha ; two, Levi and Laura, being dead. In 1SS2, after living a lonely hfe for two years, he married, for the second time, Mrs. Martha J. Terry, of Jeffersonville. He was originally a member of the Christian Church, but is now and has been for thirty years, a member of the Church of God, meeting in the Advent Christian Tabernacle. His wife is also a member of the same church. From 1840 to 1843 he resided in the town of Port Fulton, adjoining the city of Jeffersonville, and while there he was a member of its Board of Town Trustees, and was made president of the Board. He also held the office of Town Treasurer. Mr. Anderson is one of the oldest and most highly respected citizens of Jefferson- ville; he has the universal esteem and confidence of all who know him, and those who have known him longest and best honor and esteem him the highest. JAMES BURKE was born February, 1826, in County Limerick, Ireland. He is the son of William Burke and Catharine (Fitzgerald) Burke. His mother came to America. Mr. Burke emigrated to the United States in 1848, and came direct to Jeffer- sonville, to meet his brother John and other relatives who had preceded him to this country, and entered into partnership with John Burke, and continued together for five years. He became a contractor for the grading and paving the public streets of Jeffersonville. As a street con- tractor he was a success, and made some money. In his dealings with the city and the public, he established a character for honesty and integrity, so that the people of his ward, in 1863, elected him council- man, and continued him as one of its rep- resentatives in the council until 1872. In 1875 he was elected city treasurer, and in 1877 and 1879 was re-elected, and served until September, 1881. In 1S86 he was appointed by Mr. Cleve- land postmaster for the city of Jefferson- ville, in which capacity he is now serving the people. After he retired from the treasurer's office, he became one of the principal con- tractors on the Owensboro' & Bussellville Railroad, and continued there until in 1884, and from that time until in 1S86 was en- gaged in the coal business in Jefferson- ville. He was married in 1855 to Miss Cor- nelia Craugler, a native of New York. The result of the union is five living chil- dren. Hon. Frank B. Burke, a son, is now joint senator from the counties of Clark, Scott and Jennings ; James Burke, in the coal trade; William Burke, a clerk in the post- office under his father ; Miss Maggie, also a clerk under her father in the postoffice. HON. HENRY A. BURTT, an able and prominent lawyer of the city of Jefferson- ville, was born near the town of Utica, in Clark county, Indiana, October 8, 1852. X^ a.a^z: SOUVENIR SKETCHES. He is the son of Eli Burtt, a native of Clark county, born in Utica township, April 16, 1S17, upon the farm where he now resides. He is a prominent farmer and a leading man in his township in all matters of public interest. His grandfather Burtt was among the earliest pioneers of the West, and settled in Clark county for his future home. His mother was Paulina Hardin, a native of Oldham county, Kentucky, and belongs to that famous Hardin family of Kentucky of which the great and distinguished crimi- nal lawyer, Ben Hardin, was a conspicious member. Henry A. Burtt was reared on his father's farm where he was born, and, when arriv- ing at a proper age, like all farmers' sons, went to work upon the farm, assisting in the labor of cultivating it. He remained at home with the family until he was sixteen years of age, going to school during the Winter months and acquiring such educa- tion as the schools of the neighborhood afforded. At the age of sixteen he was sent to the State University at Blooming- ton, and entered the Preparatory Depart- ment. He did not remain there continu- ously until he graduated, but returned home and taught school a number of years before he finally graduated. He however completed his full collegiate course, and graduated with all the honors in 1878. Enough of the Hardin blood flowed in his veins to bias him in the determination of the question in choosing his profession in favor of the law, and he commenced its study soon after returning from the Univer- sity. After reading law in the office of Ferguson & Marsh, a strong law firm of the city of Jeffersonville, the senior mem- ber of which is now the presiding judge of the Clark and Floyd Circuit Courts, he entered the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Louisville, and graduated with high honors in 1880. However he had, upon an examination, been admitted the year previous to graduation to practice law in all the courts of Clark and the ad- joining counties. He practiced alone until the summer of 1885, when he formed a partnership in the practice of the law, with James Edward Taggart, a young lawyer of fine ability and legal talent, who had just graduated and come into practice. Henry A. Burtt, the senior member of the law firm of Burtt & Taggart, is a lawyer of distinguished ability. He is a hard student and leaves nothing to chance. He digs to the very bottom of his cases ; he knows every weak and every strong point in them, and prepares himself by reading and study to meet his opponents in the courts by fortifying his weak points in his case, if there are any, and urging his strong ones upon the attention of the court and jury. A lawyer of his studious habits, energy and indomitable will is bound to succeed in his profession. The firm have now grown into a large and lucrative practice in the Clark Circuit Court, and it is only a question of time when they will stand among the foremost at the bar in the city. He was married to Miss Marietta Robin- son, daughter of William Fletcher Bobinson, a substantial and wealthy farmer of Utica township, November 3, 1880, and three children is the result of their union. GEORGE W. CARR is a native of the city of Jeffersonville. He was born February 13, 1855. He has made Jeffersonville his home all his life, and such education as he acquired during his school-boy days he ob- tained in the public schools of Jeffersonville. He was a newsboy, and carried and sold newspapers for six or seven years, includ- CLARK COUNTY ing the time of the war. He clerked in a news stand in Jeifersonville for James Fer- rier and Samuel McGennigal, two years each, and in 1875 he accepted a position as clerk for Joseph Spillors in his news stand in Louisville, and remained with him ahout eighteen months; and then in 1S77 he succeeded his father, Abraham Carr, in the merchant tailoring business in Jeffer- sonville and has continued in that busi- ness ever since. Of his success in business he has no reason to complain. He has a good trade, and hopes by close attention to business and honest dealing to largely, in the course of time, increase it. He is now and has been for several years the agent of Adams Express Company for this city. He is a member of the Uniform Bank of the Knights of Pythias and the American Legion of Honor. He was married in 1882 to Miss Josie Terry, daughter of Joshua Terry, of Jeffer- sonville; she was reared in Jefferson coun- ty, Ky. The result of their union is three children, one boy and two girls, — Cleona, Altha and George W. Mr. Carr is the son of Abraham and Sarah (Huber) Carr, both natives of the State of Pennsylvania, who came to Indi- ana in 1852. His father is still living in Jeff er son ville, but his mother is dead. Mr. Carr is one of our foremost young business men. He is sober, moral and in- dustrious, and has the confidence and re- spect of all who know him. DAVID S. COOK was born February 9, 1857, in Chillicothe, Ohio. He was the son of William Cook and Margaret (Scott) Cook. His father, William Cook, was born in Scotland, and came to this country while he was yet quite a young man. His mother was a native of Scotland, and emigrated to the United States while a clu'ld. All the education that our subject ever received he got in the common schools taught in the neighborhood where he was raised until he was fourteen years old. He was then put to work in stacking staves in a stave yard, and continued in that business for some five or six years. He then went to work in the Queen City Cement mills, and continued at that business for some time, and then he took a trip to Texas on a prospecting tour. Re- turning home he was engaged as master mechanic in the Oolitic Lime Stone Quar- ries, near Salem, Washington county, In- diana, and after serving in that capacity for some time, he accepted the position of superintendent of the Speed Cement Mills, situated a mile north of SeUersburg, on the Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianapo- lis Railroad, where he is at this time em- ployed. He thoroughly understands the manufacture of hydraulic cement, and han- dles the Speed Mills with efficiency and economy. Mr. Cook was married in 1879 to Miss Ruth Hinton, daughter of Samuel Hinton, who is a native of Indiana. They have two living children — Sarah S. and David S. He is a prominent and efficient member of the Knights of Honor and also a member of the Stationary Engineers' Association. He has never been an office seeker. His whole ambition is to improve and elevate the laboring classes. He is one of our best and solid citizens, an energetic business man. His highest ambition is to do good in the world and to make others happy. He is domestic in his tastes ; surrounded at home by his young, intelligent family, he is contented and happy. EDWIN M. COOTS was born in Shelby county, Ky., January 3, 184-7. He was brought up on a farm and lived there a SOUVENIR SKETCHES. farmer until 1 872, and during his scbool-boy days attended the common schools of his county, and acquired such limited educa- tion as they at that time afforded. He is the son of R. M. and Elizabeth (Morton) Coots, both natives of Shelby county, Ky., and are living on the old farm in Shelby county. In 18 72 Mr. Coots left the farm, and went to Harrisonville. Shelby county, and engaged in the undertaking business, and remained there about seven years, when he removed to Shelbyville and went into the furniture business in connection with the undertaking business, remaining the there one year. In December, 18S1, he came to Jeffer- sonville, Clark county, Indiana, and bought out the furniture and undertaking business of George C. Zinck, and went into business there, and has continued the business ever since. In September, 1882, Mr. Coots gradua- ted in the Cincinnati Embalming School, and about two weeks later embalmed the first corpse that was ever arterially em- balmed in Clark county, Indiana. At the November election, 1884-, Mr. Coots was elected coroner of Clark county, and has been re-elected every two years continously, and is now holding the office for the third term. He is a good solid Dem- ocrat, and he holds his office by reason of that fact, and because he is well qualified for the office and is a good clever gentle- man to back it. On the 1st of September, 1885, Mr. Coots entered into a copartnership in the furniture and undertaking business with Frank R. Willey, of Clark county, and they are now doing business under the firm name of "Coots & Willey." He was married in 1809 to Miss Nannie J. Fry, daughter of Froman Fry, of Shelby county, Ky ; they have two boys, Froman M. and Glover. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church and lives the life of a consistent Christian He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., the K. & L. H. and the Secret League. He he a charter member of the Funeral Directors' Associa- tion of the Falls Cities, and also a member of the Indiana State Funeral Directors' Association. There are few better citizens than Mr. Coots. He is honest, straightforward, yet affable and. liberal in business, and those who deal with him will always find him to be a Christian gentleman. JESSE M. CRIM was born in Shelby county, Ky., Jan. 12, 1820. His father, Moses Crim, was also a native of Ken- tucky, and emigrated from that State and settled in Washington county, this State, some time about the year 182 1. His grandfather, Charles Crim, was killed by the Indians in one of their predatory ex- cursions to the settlements. The family is of German descent. His mother, Sarah Jacobs, was a daughter of Samuel Jacobs, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He was an early settler in the Indi- ana Territory and served as a ranger on the frontier service for a number of years. Mr. Crim was but a small boy when his father settled on his farm in Washington county, and there he was reared. Like all farmers' sons, as soon as he was of suf- ficient age, he was put to work in assist- ing in cultivating the farm. In those days schools were not so plentiful as they Are now, and a common-school education was not so easily obtained as now. All the schooling he got, however, was during the winter months when a three months' school was taught in the neighborhood and he could be spared from work on his father's CLARK COUNTY farm. The youths of those days had but poor opportunities to acquire school learn- ing, and it was precious little they got. Mr. Crim was married in 1848 to Miss Tilsie A. Littell, daughter of Absalom Lit- tell, who was born in Fayette county, Pa., in the year 17S8. In the latter part of the year 1799 Elder Absalom Littell of the Presbyterian Church, emigrated from his home in Pennsylvania to what was then the North West Territory, and settled on the west side of Silver Creek, now in Silver Creek Township, in Clark county, Indiana. At that time there were no purely Amer- ican settlements in all that vast territory stretching west to the Eocky Mountains, and only a few straggling settlements of French and mixed breeds connected with forts and military stations. Twelve months prior to the settlement of the Littells, as above stated, the first Protestant congregation within the present boundaries of the State was organized a few miles north of the Littell settlement, and the first house of worship was erected on Silver Creek, near the Littell farm. This was a regular Baptist Church. Absalom Littell, the grandfather of our subject's wife, was an earnest worker in the Presbyterian Church, and was promi- nent in organizing the first Presbyterian Church at Charlestown. The younger Littell was one of the pio- neer preachers of the county. He re- mained in the regular Baptist Church, preaching and laboring in the cause, until the division in the church, which was known in those days as Campbellites ; he then left the old regular church and went with the division that took the name of Christian, which now constitutes one of the largest and most efficient wings of the great Protestant Church of this country. He was baptized into the Baptist Church in 1S16. Mr. Crim and wife have five children, — Axie C, Mary E., Absalom L., Azro C. and Sarah T. A. Axie died when but eighteen months old, and Mary was eleven years. Sarah T. A. was married to L. W. Bobison, and died in her nineteenth year. Azro was born in 1851, was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools of the neighborhood, and was married June 17, 1875, to Miss Maggie Horna- day, daughter of Ezekiel Hornaday. The result of their union is a daughter, Lillie E. In 1876 Mr. Crim began working in the carpenter and joiner business, and is now prominent in these trades and is doing a good business in the prosperous town of Sellersburg. Mr. Littell, the father of Mrs. Crim, was quite a prominent man in the early settle- ment of Clark county. He was a surveyor, and made a map of Clark's Grant of land. He acted as a justice of the peace of his township for many years. He died May 11, 1862, in the seventy-fourth year of age. Absalom L., our subject's second son, was born in 1859, raised on a farm, educated in the common schools of his township, and also went to school in Lex- ington, Ky., and attended Bible College, and studied for the ministry of the Chris- tian Church, and has labored in that cause for three years past. Was married in 1879 to Miss Maggie Allen, daughter of George Allen, and have as the result of their union three living children, — Jesse W., Archie E. and Esda A. EEUBEN DAILEY was born hi Middle- sex comity, England, March 6, 1844, and is a son of Nicholas A. and Hannah Dailey. He was one of a family of nine children — eight boys and one girl. The family came to America in 1S48, and lived variously at SOUVENIR SKETCHES. Cincinnati, Pittsburg and Newport, Ky. After the breaking out of the war he en- listed in Co. F., Fifth Ohio Infantry, and served three years and two months. He commenced as a journalist in 1865, in Memphis, Tenn., which he continued about three and a half years, when he severed his connection with the press there and came to Louisville. In 1869 he be- came reporter of the Courier-Journal for New Albany and Jeffersonville. He read law for a period of eighteen months, and then bought the Democrat, of Jeffersonville. In November, 1872, he started the Even- ing News in a hand-bill form, about 6x10 inches. It was the first daily paper pub- lished in Jeffersonville, and is still con- ducted by Mr. Dailey. He was married December 26, 1S65, to Miss Ann Eliza Devinney, at Newport, Ky. They have two children living. DANIEL DOUGHERTY was born in Ireland, February 6, 1S40. He was brought to the United States in 1849, by his parents, who emigrated to this country at that time, and located in the city of Louisville, Ky. He attended the public schools in Louisville until he arrived at the age of sixteen years, when he was apprenticed to learn the plumbing business, but before he had completed his time the firm with whom he had engaged went to St. Louis, Mo., and he went with them and remained with them until he had completed his trade. He then returned to Louisville, and in 1859 took a position as engineer and general mechanic at the Louisville Chemi- cal Works. In this occupation he con- tinued about four years. In 1863 a large hospital for sick and wounded soldiers was established by the Government on the Ohio river, above the city of Jeffersonville, and Mr. Dougherty did the plumbing work for the Government. After that work was completed, he was sent to Nashville, Tenn., employed in the same kind of work for the Government. Remaining there only a short time he returned to the city of Louisville, and in 1864 went to work for the Louis- ville Gas Company. In 1865, at the close of the war, he went to Huntsville, Ala., and accepted a position as superintendent of the water works of that city, which he held for one year, when he again returned to Louisville, and took employment under the Gas Company, which he held for about six years. In 1S72 he was induced to accept of the position of superintendent of the Gas Works at Bowling Green, and re- moved to that city. He remained there, in that position over seven years, when he re- signed it. In the fall of 1S81 he came to Jeffersonville and took charge, as superin- tendent, of the Jeffersonville Gas Works, and has continued as such ever since. He is the son of John and Mary (Mul- lens) Dougherty, both natives of Ireland. His father died in 1873, at the age of sev- enty-two years. His mother died in 1857, at the age of fifty-four years. Mr. Dougherty was married in 1864 to Miss Ellen McCarthy, of Louisville, Ky., daughter of Dennis McCarthy. They have eight children, three boys and five girls — Maggie E., Daniel J., Mary Adell, Lau- rence, Benjamin, Annie E., Clara and Grace. He and his household are mem- bers of St. Augustine Catholic Church, Rev. Ernest Andran, rector. LAURENT AUGUSTUS DOUGLAS was bom in the city of New Albany, Floyd county, Ind., October 15, 1857. He is the son of Laurent C. Douglas, a native of the State of Connecticut, and Charlotte W. (Lampton) Douglas, a native of Jefferson- io CLARK COUNTY ville, and daughter of Capt. Geo. W. Lampton, a distinguished steamhoat cap- tain and river man, an old and highly respected and esteemed citizen of the city of Jeffersonville. He was a native of Cul- peper county, Va., and came to Louisville, Ky., with his uncle Mark Lampton at an early day and settled there. He was cap- tain on the river for many years , and was owner as well as master of the steamhoat Echo. He died in the city of Jeffersonville. He represented the First Ward of Jefferson- ville in the City Council for six years, from 1859 to 1805. Laurent A. Douglas' father removed to the city of Jeffersonville, and brought his family with him, and here he obtained his education in the public schools of the city. He read law in the law office of Col. James B. Merriwether, in Jeffersonville, and then entered the Law Department of the Louisville University, from which he graduated in the spring of 1883. He immediately opened an office and began the practice of law in the courts of the county. Taken into consid- eration the fact that, in entering the list for a share of the legal business of the county', he was met at the threshold with old and established practitioners as rivals in business, he has succeeded well and has established himself as a safe and reliable attorney who may be safely intrusted with any intricate or difficult law matters for settlement. He has associated with him William D. Marshall, and they are now practicing in the courts under the firm name of Douglas & Marshall. Mr. Douglas was married to Miss Caro- line E. Fessler, of the city of Madison, December 6, 1883, and two children are the result of the union. He is an honored member of the Order of the Knights of Pythias and has held all- the offices in the Lodge, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. H. D. DOW was born in this (Clark) county, April 19, 1824, and is a son of Henry and Mercy (Kinney) Dow, natives of Connecticut, the former born in Plainfield, Conn., May 13, 1794, came to Indiana in 1818, and settled in this county, and engaged in farming. He served several years as town trustee — was a sol- dier in the war of 1S12, and a corporal. He died in 1873, at an advanced age. Mercy Dow died in July, 1874. His father, Henry Dow, came to Indiana, was a farmer, ran a carding machine for many years. Under the old militia laws of the State, he was captain of a company. He died in 1841. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools. He farmed until two years ago, when, in company with Mr. Geo. W. Martin, he erected a mill for sawing, making boxes, and grinding corn meal, un- der the firm of Dow & Martin. He was married in 1844 to Elizabeth A. Baggerly, a daughter of Jonathan A. Baggerly, of Jef- ferson county, Ky. He was a farmer, and came to this State in 1818, and settled in this county. His wife, Cassandre Bailey, was a native of Shelbyville, Ky. They had nine children, six of whom are living, viz : Laura A., Milburn, George W., Alice, Mary A. and Lizzie C. Subject's father had nine children, viz : Hannah, Martha E., Lucy, Sallie N., Bhoda, Lyda, Bebecca, James, Emily and H. D., the subject of this sketch. Lucy, Bhoda and Emily are now deceased. Mr. Dow is a member of the Christian Church and of the Bepublican party. He rented his farm in 1888, and formed a partnership with George W. Martin in the manufactur- ing of lumber, etc. The firm is Dow & Mar- tin, New Providence, Ind. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 11 JUDGE CHARLES P. FERGUSON, a native of Indiana, was born on his father's farm, two and a half miles from the town and the old county-seat of Clark county, Charlestown, on the 10th November, 1824. His father, Benjamin Ferguson, was a Vir- ginian by birth, a lawyer by profession, and came to Clark county at an early day in its history, and practiced his profession, often serving as a member of the State leg- islature and was elected Associate Judge of the county. Under the old constitution there were two Associate Judges elected for each county, who occupied the Bench with the Circuit, or President Judge, whom he consulted in relation to his decisions. Judge Benjamin Ferguson held this po- sition for seven years, having in 1820 re- moved to his farm near the Ohio river, where the present Judge Ferguson was afterward born. He was a great student and gave much of his time to books. Judge Ferguson's mother was Sarah Hay, a native of Clark county and the daughter of Samuel Hay, who was appointed by Gov- ernor Harrison, in the organization of the first court in Clark county, in 1801, its first sheriff and assisted in organizing the first court in Clark county, which met in solemn conclave at the county seat, at Springville, on the 7th day of April, 1801, as the court of general quarter sessions of the peace. He was a South Carolinian by birth. The descendants ofthis first sheriff of Clark county are numerous and some of them stand very high in community. The last sheriff of Clark county, Charles S. Hay, is a grandson of the first sheriff, Samuel Hay. Judge Charles P. Ferguson was princi- pally educated in the high schools of Charles town. His first occupation was in a print- ing office and for a short time was a teacher in the county seminary. At the session of 1845-6 of our State legislature he received an appointment of assistant to the clerk of House of Representatives, and spent the winter at Indianapolis during the ses- sion. Returning home to become deputy clerk to Eli McCauley, clerk of the Clark Circuit Court, and read law at the same time. Up- on examination was admitted to practice in the Clark county courts. He continued to act as deputy clerk until 1850, when he was elected clerk as the successor to his chief, who was not a candidate. He was re-elected to be his own successor at the end of his first term, the former clerk, Mr. McCauley, being also a candidate. After •retiring from the clerk's office he engaged actively in the practice of the law and soon had a large and growing practice. In 1860 he was elected a State Senator from the Senatorial District composed of the counties of Clark and Scott, and served the State in that capacity for four years, — four of the most eventful years that ever occurred to this, or in fact to any other, nation in the history of the world ; four years of rebellion and civil war on a gi- gantic scale. Indiana played a leading part in that grand event, and Judge Fergu- son, as one of her Senators, assisted in the work. The Judge all this time, except during the sittings of the Legislature, devoted himself to the practice of the law until 1873, when he was elected Common Pleas Judge to serve four years, but after serv- ing a few months the office was abolished and its duties merged into that of the Cir- cuit Judge. He again returned to the practice of the law, and associated with him a rising young lawyer of ability and prominence, James K. Marsh, Esq., who had been Prosecuting Attorney for the Judicial Circuit for a number of years. 12 CLARK COUNTY The firm of Ferguson & Marsh was a strong team, and they got a large practice. This continued until 1880, when Judge Fer- guson was elected Judge of the Clark Cir- cuit Court for a term of six years, which expired in 1886, when he was again elected to he his own successor, which term will not expire until 1892. It is a most difficult because a delicate matter to write the true history of a living man, giving to the pub- lic a full and true statement of his mental, moral and social standing in the commu- nity in which he lives. There is danger of being accused of fulsome flattery on the one side, or of detraction from bias or prejudice on the other. But this much can be said of Judge Ferguson, without any fear of the imputation of unworthy motives : He is an honest Judge and the people's rights are safe in his hands. He may not be as brill- iant as some ; not so ready to pronounce judgment in a case upon the evidence pre- sented. He is patient in investigation and, it may be, slow to arrive at conclusions, but when he does his judgment is very apt to be correct and stand the test of a review by a higher court of appeals. But perhaps the best test of the public appreciation of Judge Ferguson's ability as a Judge and his great moral and social standing in his Judicial Circuit, at the command of his biographer, is to refer his readers to the simple fact that after serving them one full term for six years the people re-elected him for six more, over one of the oldest and most popular lawyers and an old predecessor and ex-mem- ber of Congress, by a largely increased ma- jority. Let this fact suffice for the present, and let the people's judgment stand until the people themselves shall reverse it. Judge Ferguson was, on the 28th of No- vember, 1851, married to Miss Samantha Henderson, a daughter of Thomas W. Hen- derson, of Charlestown, Ind., a native of the State of Kentucky and a manufacturer of truss hoops for coopers. The Judge's good wife has borne him seven children, six boys and one girl, — Charles S., who is the Jef- fersonville correspondent for the Louisville Courier- Journal; Walter H., conductor on the Louisville, St. Louis & Texas ; Harry T., book-keeper at the First National Bank, Jeffersonville ; John I)., Deputy in the Clerk's office of the Clark Circuit Court ; Otto W., at Williamsburg, Ky., in a law office ; How- ard G., in Citizens' National Bank ; Mamie, at home attending school. DB. WILLIAM D. FOUTS was born in Lexington, Scott county, Ind., October 7, 1832. He was the son of Angus and Mary (Bowels) Fouts. His father, Angus Fouts, was a native of the State of North Carolina. His father's family were of German origin, and his father was a farmer and emigrated to this State and located in Scott county in 1826, and continued to reside there until 1851, when he died. His mother's father, Wm. Bowels, was also an early settler in Scott county. Dr. Fouts, like other boys of that early age, was sent to such common schools as were taught in the village until he became advanced and was sent to the New Washington Seminary in Clark county. After completing his literary education there, at the age of nineteen he commenced reading medicine under the instruction of Dr. A. A. Morrison, of Lexington. After finishing the preparatory course with Dr. Morrison in 1847, he entered the Medical Department of the University of Louisville, and at the end of the second course gradu- ated with honor. In 1852 he began the practice of his profession at Lexington, Ind., and continued in that practice until 1862, when he joined the Slst Keg. Ind. Vols, as Assistant Surgeon, and was afterward pro- moted to that of Chief Surgeon. Served SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 13 eighteen months as Chief Surgeon to the Regiment, serving in all three years. At the battle of Chickamauga he was captured and sent as prisoner of war to that cele- brated Libby prison at Richmond, Va., where he was confined five months and fifteen days. At the close of the war he returned to his old home, Lexington, and recommenced the practice of medicine. He remained in his practice there until 1871, when he removed to Jeffersonville, and commenced practice there, and has re- mained in that city ever since, with a con- stant increase of practice until he has the largest of any doctor in the city. He is a member of the City Council from the second ward and is now serving out his fourth term ; he is now serving as chairman of two of the most important committees, that of Fire Department and on Railroads. In 1885 he was appointed by the Pension Bureau as a Pension Examiner, and is still on that Board. He is Surgeon for the J. M. & I. Railroad Company and for the Ohio Falls Car Company. He was married to Miss Ellen Louchran, of Lexington, Ind. Of their children, only one son, Dr. William K. Fouts, is living, who is now in partnership with his father in the practice of medicine. He is a member of the Knights of Honor and of the Knights and Ladies of Honor. Dr. Fouts stands in high esteem in the community in which he lives and is re- spected by all who know him. JACOB S. FRY is a native of Clark county, Ind., was born Nov. 27, 1844, and was brought up on a farm in Utica township, where he received such education as the public schools of that township, at that time, afforded. Afterward he attended the High School in the city of New Albany. He continued to live on the farm until 1888, when he came to the city of Jeffersonville and engaged inthe grain and feed business under the firm name of J. S. Fry & Co., in which business he is still engaged. Mr. Fry was a farmer all his life, until in 1882 he was nominated by the Democratic party of his county as the candidate for County Treasurer, and was elected. Again in 1884 he was re-elected, and served in that capacity for four years, and retired in honor from his office. Mr. Fry owns one of the finest and most valuable farms in Utica township, the township of fine farms, of 250 acres of choice land, well stocked and improved, which of itself is a fortune to any man who knows how to handle it. He is a large landholder in the State of Kan- sas, owning there a thousand acres of fine land. He owns valuable property in the city of Jeffersonville. He built himself a fine frame residence in the north end of the city, in which he now resides. He is one of the most substantial men in his county. As a farmer he was one of the largest and most successful, in connection with which he traded largely in buying and selling stock and made much money. He is considered one of the wealthy men of his county. Mr. Fry is the son of John and Sarah E. (Swartz) Fry. His father was a native of Jefferson county, Ky., and came to Indiana about 1820. He was a prominent farmer in Clark county, and died in 1886 at the age 83 years. His mother was a native of Clark county, Ind., and died in 1881, at the age of 78 years. He was married in 1866 to Miss Sarah E., daughter of W. Fletcher Robinson, a prominent farmer of Utica township. They have five children, all boys — John R., Otis, Arthur and Ellis H. Mr. Fry is an upright man, a good citizen, a member of the Christian Church, and is highly respected by all who know him. 14 CLARK COUNTY There are but few, if any, better citizens than Jacob S. Fry. DE. FRANKLIN B. M. GILBERT, Sb., was bom in Hardin county, Ky., October 27, 1823. He came to Indiana with his father when only five years of age, and located on a farm in Jackson county in 1828. He remained on the farm in Jack- son county until he was 19 years of age, when he went to live with his brother-in- law in Jefferson county, Ky., and there worked on a farm in the spring and sum- mer and attended school in Louisville during the winter until 18-14, when he returned to Jackson county and engaged in farming. In 1849 he came to Jefferson ville and went into the grocery business and contin- ued in it until 1858. He then pulled up stakes and moved to Cooper count}', Mo., and engaged in farming until 1S63, and while there, Little Jeff Davis' army camped upon his farm and cleaned him out com- pletely — took his meat, grain and every- thing he had on his farm that was worth taking. After that he thought it about time to leave there; nor did he consider long the order of his going, but he pulled up and left at once, and again came back to old Jeffersonville. And there, looking round for something to do, he chose the livery business, and entered into that. He continued in it until 1874, when he again changed his location, this time to Indian- apolis, as it was about that time enjoying a tremendous boom, and the bubble had not yet burst, which it did soon after. In 1878 he came back to old Jefferson- ville and again opened up a livery stable, and has continued here in the same busi- ness ever since. He is doing well, having built up a profitable trade, and keeps con- stantly on hand the best and handsomest turnouts in the city. He don't think now that he will ever be induced to break up again to hunt a boom. Mr. Gilbert was married in 1842 to Miss Elizabeth Jane Eeynolds, of Pulaski county, Ky. She was born in Eussell county, Ky., October 9, 1826. They have seven living children, four boys and three girls : Frank- lin E. M., Jr., James L., Theodore L., Aubry C, Cynthiann, Laura and Holland. During his long experience in the man- agement and care of horses in connection with the livery business, he has by close observation and study acquired a practical knowledge of the diseases to which horses and cattle are subject, and the remedies best calculated to effect a cure. He has acquired quite a reputation in the commu- nity as a successful veterinarian in the care of sick animals. JOHN A. GEAHAM is a native to the manor born He was born in Clark county, Ind., March 2S, 1853. His father, William Graham, was a prominent farmer near New Washington, in the upper or northeastern part of Clark county. He was a native of Westmoreland county, Pa., and emigrated to Indiana when quite a young man. He died May 11, 1873, at the age of fifty-five years. His mother, Catherine G. Graham, nee Patterson, is a native of Clark county, Ind., and is living with her children in Jef- fersonville. Mr. John A. Graham, after finishing his education and leaving school, became a partner in the firm of "Graham & Bro." in the drug business in the city of Jeffer- sonville. His partner was his brother, Dr. Thomas A. Graham. He and his brother continued together in the drug business, doing a large and prosperous business, until March 1, 18S6, when he bought his brother's interest in the business, and be- came sole proprietor and owner of it. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 15 The success in business which this firm has achieved in building up a large and flourishing trade in the city and surround- ing country, is a practical illustration of what pluck and energy will do. Mr. Graham was married May 11, 1886, to Miss Cora B. Fry, second daughter of Abraham Fry, a wealthy farmer of Utica township in Clark county, and a director in the First National Bank in the city of ■Jeffersonville. He became a communicant in the Presbyterian Church at an early age, and remains a member of that church in good standing. He is a member of Eureka Lodge No. 3, of the Knights of Honor, and served as treasurer of this Lodge for five years ; and is treasurer of the Union Sav- ings and Loan Association. J. J. HAWS was born in Clark county, Ind., in the year 183S. His father Isaac Haws, was bom in the State of New York in 1S09, and came to Indiana with his par- ents when about fifteen years old, and settled in Clark county, where he has re- sided ever since. His mother was Eliza- beth B. McGuire, daughter of Joseph Mc- Guire. Mr. Haws was raised on a farm, and brought up to do farm work from his earli- est boyhood ; and all the education he ever received was by attending the public schools taught during the winter months when farm work was slack. At the age of seven- teen he left the farm and went to railroad- ing and followed it for twenty-four years. Filled various positions on the trains ; for the greater portion of that time that of conductor. In 1879 he quit the railroad and went to merchandizing, and opened a general store in the town Memphis, twelve miles north of Jeffersonville, on the Jeffersonville, Madison & Indianpolis Railroad. He con- tinued in the mercantile business, and in 1887 he launched out into a new business in this section and established what is known in the community as the Silver Creek Creamery, making some two hundred pounds of creamery butter daily. The business is yet in its infancy. He has sufficient capacity to manufacture a thou- sand pounds of creamery butter daily, and he expects in time to do it. He owns and operates a stave factory, a cooper shop and a saw-mill, and gives constant employment, in the various departments of his extensive business to a large number of hands. In addition to his other numerous and diversi- fied businesses, he owns a farm of three hun- dred and sixty acres of well improved land. It will be seen and readily acknowledged that he is one of the most energetic and best business men in the county. Other men may have heaped up more money and may be considered richer, but Mr. Haws puts his money in such business as to give his neighbors and laboring men employ- ment, and thus scatters blessings all around him. Such a man as J. J. Haws is a blessing to any community. Mr. Haws was married on the 31st day of December, 1863, to Miss Mary B. Diets, daughter of Thompson Diets, a native of Indiana, but of German descent. No chil- dren have come into their home to bless them. He has served the people of his township as Township Trustee, and as a good busi- ness man will always make a good public officer. Mr. Haws filled the office of Trustee in a manner creditable to himself and ac- ceptable to the public. GEORGE HOLZBOG is a native of Germany, born October 24, 1823. He came to the United States in 1849, and located in Louisville, Ky., remaining there 16 CLARK COUNTY only two years, when in 1852 he removed to JeffersonviUe, where he now resides, and started a blacksmith and wagon manufac- turing establishment, having served an ap- prenticeship and thoroughly learned the blacksmith business in Germany. He has continued in the same business ever since. He and his son, George H., whom he took in as a partner in the business in 1882, under the firm name of George Holz- bog & Son, have built up a large manu- facturing establishment, and are doing a large business. He was married in 1854, in Jefferson- viUe, Ind., to Miss Fannie E. Schneck, of Germany. They have four living children, three boys and one girl : George H., Henry J., Alfred W. and Sophia. Sophia is mar- ried to William F. Siebert, Jr., of Jeffer- sonviUe, who is in the grocery business in JeffersonviUe, Ind. Geo. H. Holzbog, his oldest son, is, as stated above, a partner in his father's business. The other two sons are still at home. He is among the best class of our Ger- man-American citizens. It requires in any community just such citizens to build it up and make it prosperous. Jefferson- viUe would be greatly improved in its material industries, if it had many more just such men. He is an Odd Fellow, and he and his son, George H., are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. JONAS GEORGE HOWARD, ex-mem- ber of Congress, third district, and lawyer at Jeffersonville.was born in Floyd County, near the then village of New Albany, May 22, 1825. His father, James Howard, was a substantial farmer of Clark county, In- diana, whither he had emigrated from Champlain county, Vermont, in 1816. His mother, Margaret (Helmer) Howard was was a native of Herkimer county, New York, where she removed with her parents to Indiana early in the history of the State. In the common and select schools, Mr. Howard obtained his early education. In his twentieth year he entered Asbury University, Greeneastle, Indiana, where three years he pursued a scientific course. He then read law with Mr. John F. Read, of JeffersonviUe, and in 1851, re- ceived his certificate of graduation in the Law Department of the Indiana State Uni- versity, at Bloomington, having previously taken one course in Law Department at the University of Louisville. In 1852,Mr. Howard was admitted to the bar, and since time has devoted himself as- siduously to the practice of his profesion. His career as a lawyer has been marked with unqualified success; he ranks high as a counselor at the bar and is highly re- garded by his associates in the profes- sion. In numerous important cases he has been honored by an appointment from the Judge of his district to render judgment, and his decisions have always commanded the highest respect. In 1862 and 1864 he was elected to rep- resent his district in the State legislature, on the Democratic ticket. In 1868 he was chosen presidential elector, and bore an able and effective part in canvassing the State for the Democratic candidates. In 1876 he was again called upon to take a place on the electoral ticket, and again his voice was heard in the field in support of his •andidates and their principles. He has always taken a lively interest in polities but has generally declined the cares of official positions, until in 1884 he was chosen by the Democratic party of the third congres- sional district as their candidate for con- gress and was accordingly elected at the No- vember election following, and took his seat in the Forty-Ninth Congress, and was re- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 17 elected to the Fiftieth Congress in 1886. As a member of Congress, Mr. Howard was a hard worker and supported every measure that he regarded was to the peo- ple's interest. On November 23, 1854, Mr. Howard married Miss Martha J. Roswell, daughter of James and Drusilla Roswell, of Clark county, Ind. She died February 19, 1872, leaving three children. September 8, 1873, Mr. Howard married Miss Elizabeth Ros- well, sister of his former wife, by whom he has one child. COL. JOHN N. INGRAM was born in Jefferson county, Ind., Nov. 29, 1825. His father, James Ingram, was a native of Old- ham county, Ky, and came over and settled in Jefferson county, Ind., in 1816, the year the State was admitted into the Union. His father was a prominent farmer of his county, and died in 1826, at the age of thirty- six years. His mother, Nancy (Austin) Ingram, died in 1866. Col. In- gram was brought up upon his father's farm, doing farm work and getting such education as was afforded by the common schools of the county at that time, during his boyhood days. After the battle of Palo Alto and Raseca de la Palma and the Con- gress had declared war against the Repub- lic of Mexico in 1846, he entered as a pri- vate in Company G, in the Third Regiment of Indiana Volunteers for twelve months, under Col. James H. Lane. While in the service he was in the celebrated battle of Buena Vista, where old Santa Ana, the Mexican General, with his twenty-two thousand regular troops, was so gloriously whipped by less than one-fourth of that number of raw militia. This battle made General Taylor its commander and hero President in 1848. After he had served out his full time he was sent home with his Regiment, and honorably discharged in 1847. At the time of his enlistment he was still an apprentice to the tanner's trade, and as soon as he was returned to civil life he went back and served out the full term of his apprenticeship. In 1S48 he came to Jeffersonville and engaged in the tanning business, and has continued in that busi- ness until this time, and has succeeded fairly well in establishing a paying invest- ment in it. His year's service in the Mexi- can war gave him a fancy for military ser- vice, and in 1859, two years before the Re- bellion, he organized, and was elected its captain, a company of Independent Militia. In 1862, when it was thought that it was necessary to establish home protection against rebel raids, Col. Ingram was authorized by Gov. Morton to organize a regiment, to be known as the Indiana Le- gion, of which he was appointed colonel, so it will be seen that he is legitimately en- titled to the honorable prefix of Colonel to his name. He has always been quite prominent in the management and admin- istration of the municipal affairs of the city of Jeffersonville. He was elected in 1856 to the Common Council from the Second Ward and served two years. In 1865 he was elected a member of the Common Council from the First Ward and served two years, and again from the same ward from 1S77 to 1879. He has always had the confidence of the people. He has always taken the greatest interest in the public schools of his city. He was elected school trustee in 1863, and has continu- ously held it ever since, by re-election every three years, and has been treasurer during most, if not all, of that time. He is also one of the trustees of the Walnut Ridge Cemetery, He is one of the charter members of Tabor Lodge, No. 92, I. 0. 0. F., and is also a member of the 18 CLARK COUNTY Golden Cross. He is a member of the Wall Street Methodist Episcopal Church of his city, and is now, and has been for thirty years, one of its stewards. He has been a member of the Methodist Church for over forty-four years. Col. Ingram was married in 1850 to Miss Margaret E. Mc- Gonnigal, of Clark county, Ind. They have four living children, — James A., John D., Libbie and Ella. James A. is an employe in the Quarter Master's Depot in Jefferson- ville, John D. is a clerk in the office of the Ohio Falls Car Company, Ella is the wife of Frank B. Willey of the firm of Coots & Willey, in the furniture and undertaking business. Daniel McGonnigal, the father of Mrs. Ingram, was born in 1800, and is now in the 89th year of his age. He re- sides in the family of Col. Ingram and has since the year 1S63. He is hearty, and frequently walks to the city over a mile's distance. He cast his first presidential vote for General Jackson in 1824, when he was defeated by a combination of Adams and Clay, and has voted the Democratic ticket for every Democratic candidate since. He is a native of Pennsylvania and came to Indiana in 1834, and, being a carpenter and car builder, built the first car that ever ran over the J., M. & I. Road. Col. Ingram is one of the very best citi- zens in the community where he resides. His heart is in the right place and his hand is ever open to the suffering and the needy. WILLIAM S. JACOBS was born on his father's farm in Utica township, Clark county, Ind., Nov. IS, 1823, and lived there with his father and worked on the farm during the crop season. Was sent to the common school of his district. Dur- ing the years 1846 and 1847 he attended Asbury University — now the DePauw Uni- versity — at Greencastle, Ind. He was a classmate of Hon. Daniel W.Voorhees, who is now a United States Senator from the State of Indiana, and John W. Bay, of Indianapolis, who is treasurer of the De- Pauw University. After leaving school he returned home and taught a district school for two years. How many of our business men commenced life by teaching school until they acquired their profession or uutil something more promising in the way of profits turned up. On November 19, 1847, the twenty-fourth anniversary of his birth, he was mar- ried to Miss Zerelda E. Thompson, the daughter of Joshua Thompson, one of the earliest settlers of Silver Creek township, and one of its most prominent farmers, and died at the advanced age of ninety- one years. Her mother was of the Bed- man family, who was of a prominent fam- ily in this county at that time. In the fall of 1848 he moved to Jefferson ville and engaged as a clerk for W. &H. Mabury, who were leading grocerymen here at that time and were active and prominent in getting the J., M. & I. Bailroad here. He contin- ued with this firm some eighteen months, after which, in 1850, he entered a copart- nership with Benjamin F. Dyer and com- menced the grocery business under the firm name of Jacobs & Dyer. This firm lasted and continued in business for ten and one-half years, when it dissolved and sold out to Meyers & Twomey. At this time the War of the Bebellion was being waged with vigor, which neces- sitated a great deal of transferring of goods and materials of war between the two sec- tions, and he thought he saw a good open- ing, and entered into the transfer business between the J., M. & I. Railroad and Lou- isville parties. He established an inde- pendent transfer of packet wagons line SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 19 between the railroads and Louisville and he did a big business, and made large prof- its. The transfer business continued good until after the construction of the Louis- ville and Jeffersonville bridge, when the cars were run over the bridge directly to Louisville. He, however, continued in the transfer business until 1875. In this year, on the 23d day of August, he bought out Leviston Patterson's coal business and went into that, and has been in it ever since, doing as large a coal business as any other firm in the city. Whatever Mr. Jacobs undertakes he gives it his close and vigilant attention, and he makes it a suc- cess. He has but one living son, Emmons B. Jacobs, who is a clerk with him in the coal trade. He is a married man and resides in the city of Jeffersonville. He had a son, Charles E. Jacobs, who died in March, 1882, leaving a wife and a daughter. His son's widow was Jennie Smart and her daughter's name is Mary E. They are now residing at Indianapolis. He is a member of the Methodist Church, and has been since he was sixteen years old. He is an active member of the Wall Street Church of this city, and has taken a prominent part in its success, having acted, for many years, as a member of its official board, and is now treasurer of the Wall Street Sunday-school. He has been a member of an Odd Fellows Lodge since 1851, and has been treasurer of his lodge for over thirty years, and was in considera- tion of their high appreciation of his ser- vices presented with a gold-headed cane by his lodge in 1871. He is also a mem- ber of Bain Commandery of the Golden Cross. William S. Jacobs is a son of Solomon and Elizabeth (Swartz) Jacobs, both of whom are natives of Clark county. His Grandfather Jacobs was a native of the State of Maryland, but came from North Carolina to Clark county, Ind., in 1801, when the Great Northwest was yet little better than a vast wilderness. He was a brick moulder by trade, and he manufac- tured brick in Louisville, Ky., in 1801 and 1802. He died in 1824. He raised a large family of children, mostly boys, who settled on farms in Utica township, in the neighborhood where they were raised, mak- ing, of themselves, quite a settlement. His father, Solomon Jacobs, one of the large family of brothers, became a prominent farmer of the county and died in 185G or 1857, at the age of 66 years. His mother, surviving her aged companion but a short time, died in 1858 or 1859, at the same age, that of 66 years. His Grandfather Swartz was a native of Pennsylvania and came to Indiana in 1812, and was a farm- er of Utica township. He was killed by a runaway team, where Port Fulton, Ind., is now located, in 1824 or 1825. He was thrown from the saddle horse with such violence that he was killed. His father, Solomon Jacobs, was said to be a natural mechanic, and was a local preacher in the Methodist Church. He would cultivate his farm during the week, and would preach to his neighbors on Sundays when the circuit preacher was not present. In those days the people were not accommo- dated with regular preaching of the gospel by the regular ministry, every service, every Sabbath. The itinerancy of the Methodist minister at that time was a re- ality, and the itinerants could only get round to their scattered charges sometimes only once a month, their circuits were so large, and local preaching became a relig- ious necessity. Mr. Jacobs is one of the foremost men of his city in the promotion of the inter- 20 CLARK COUNTY ests of the city and the hest interests of the community. He is a good business man and does business on the square. JOHN ALBERT JENKINS was born in the city of New Albany, Ind., Floyd county, on the 12th of June, 1856. He is the son of John W. Jenkins and Mahala Jenkins, of Clark county, Ind., and of Breck- enridge county, Ky. His grandfather Jenkins emigrated from Virginia to this county early in the present century. He had served as a soldier in the Revolu- tionary War, and helped to achieve the independence of this country. He settled in Silver Creek township, near the present village of Hamburg. His father, John W. Jenkins, resided in the city of New Albany, where he carried on the shoemaker's trade, where he died in 1859. Subsequently his family removed to Clark county, and lived on a farm near the town of Sellersburg, a village on the J., M. & I. R. R. about nine miles north of the city of Jeffersonville. In the public schools of Silver Creek township, and later in the public schools of the city of Jeffersonville, he acquired all the education he received. He resided in the territory of Dakota dur- ing the years 1879 and 1880. On the 15th day of December, 1880, he was married to Miss Dollie Ogden, daughter of B. A. Ogden, Esq., of the city of Jeffer- sonville. Four children have been born to them, two of whom are living. In IS SO he went into the office, a clerk of the Louis- ville & Nashville Railroad, and remained in its employ until 188-4. In that year he received the appointment of deputy, under John L. Delahunt, auditor of Clark county, and served in that capacity for one year, when he was appointed deputy under Charles S. Hay, sheriff of Clark county, and Berved in that office until at the April election, 1885, he was elected township assessor for Jeffersonville township for four years, which after one year's service, he resigned to accept the office of deputy treasurer under A. W. Suntha, county treasurer, in which responsible position he is now employed. Although Mr. Jenkins is yet a young man, he has established a reputation for honesty and strict integrity, and enjoys the respect of all who know him. JOHN R. LANCASTER, Boot and Shoe Merchant on Spring street, Jeffersonville, was born in the northeast part of the State of Indiana, January 14, 1S53. He was raised and worked on a farm until 1870, and during the winter months at- tended the public schools of his county, when he came to Jeffersonville and engaged as clerk in the boot and shoe store of S. Goldbach. He clerked for him six years, until he sold out the store to Calvin W. Prather, when he accepted a position with him in the same capacity, and continued with liim for two years. At the end of that time, in 1879, he formed a partnership with Jacob Loomis and opened up a shoe house in his present stand on Spring street, under the firm name of "Lancaster & Loomis." This firm continued in business until August, 1S83, when it dissolved and closed out. In 1884 Mr. Lancaster again opened the boot and shoe business in the same old stand, and has continued there ever since, doing a good business; by close attention to his business and by honest, fair dealing he has estab- lished a large and profitable trade. He is one of the promising young business men of his city, and his friends predict for him success as a merchant. He is the son of John and Sarah (Johnston) Lancaster. His father is a native Virginian and his mother SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 21 is a native of Indiana. They are now liv- ing in Cass county, Mo., where in 1876 they removed from Indiana. ■ Mr. Lancaster was married to Miss Sarah F. McCulloch, daughter of John McCulloch, a wealthy farmer of Jefferson- ville township, Clark county. They have two children, hoth boys, — Edwin E. and Ralph J. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge and of the Presbyterian Church, and a worthy member of society. He is honored and respected by all who know him. ROBERT B. LAUDER was born in Scotland, November 7, 184:8, and came to the United States with his parents in 1856 and located in Jefferson county, Ind. He lived there with his parents, attending the common schools of his district until he went to Madison to learn the business of house carpenter and builder. After serv- ing out his time as an apprentice, he con- tinued to work at his trade in Madison un- til 1879, when he removed to Jeffersonville and went to work for the Ohio Falls Car Company, as a journeyman carpenter, in the passenger department, and in 1880 was appointed as foreman of the finishing de- partment. He remained in that position until 1SS2, when he was appointed foreman of the erecting department and remained in that position until the closing down of the Car Works in 1884. During the sus- pension of work by the Car Company he left Jeffersonville, but in 1886, when the works were again started up, he returned and was appointed foreman of the cabinet and erecting work in the passenger depart- ment until 1887, when he was appointed superintendent of the passenger construc- tion department, which position he now holds. Mr. Lauder is a member of the order of the Knights of Pythias. He was married in 1873 to Miss Alice Thompson, of Madi- son, Ind. She died in 1876, leaving two children, a boy and girl, William and Ber- tha, both of whom are still living. In 1882 he married the second time to Miss Luella Johnson, of Jeffersonville, Ind., and by this marriage he had two children, a girl (Luella) and boy, the boy being dead. He is the son of William and Ann (Shankland) Lau- der, both natives of Scotland. They are both still living and are citizens of Jennings county, Ind. WM. LEE was born on the 23d day of December, 1814, some two weeks before the final struggle for American Indepen- dence, which took place on the 8th day of January, 1815, and which resulted so glor- iously to the American cause, a preliminary engagement took place between the forces in the field, resulting in driving back the enemy. On this day and about this hour, in a sleepy, old fashioned hamlet, away up in the Old North State, named Concord, the county seat of Cabarrus county, a child was born, who was afterward christened William. His parents, James Lee and Mary (Barringer) Lee, were both natives of the same county and State, and resided in the neighborhood where they were born and raised. His father had been left an orphan during his boyhood, alone with his mother to support, his older brothers and sisters having married and left the parent roof tree. But with a stout heart he met and overcame the difficulties which pre- sented themselves, and supported himself and his mother until she was taken from liiru and transferred to another and a bette home. He was the youngest son of his father, James Lee, who had emigrated from Vir- 22 CLARK COUNTY ginia before the breaking out of the War of the Revolution, and was a member of the celebrated Virginia Lee family, and was a soldier of the Revolution. He died some time during the nineties. James Lee, the father of our subject, was born in November, 1787, and came into being the same year that the Convention finished its labors in enacting the present Federal Constitution, under which this Gov- ernment had grown and prospered for one hundred years. Notwithstanding the fact that he only obtained three months' school- ing, he was a well read and a well posted man upon all matters of general or public concern. In 1808 he was married to Miss Mary Barringer, a daughter of John Barringer, a wealthy old German, of Cabarrus county, N. C. She was born March 23, 1793, and was raised there in the neighborhood. Some of her family have risen to and occupied high political stations in the country — Daniel Barringer, a cousin, having repre- sented this Government both in Congress and as Minister to the Court of Madrid under Mr. Tyler's administration. In 1816 his father, James Lee, having heard so much about the Great Northwest and especially the then Territory of Indi- ana as an opening home for young farmers, and, although having become a slave- owner himself to the extent of owning three slaves, a man and a woman and a boy, because he hated the institution and wanted to get away from it, he determined to sell off and remove to Indiana. He soon put this determination into execution, and, in October, 1816, he crossed the Ohio river at the Falls and landed in the settlement on the waters of Blue river, in the south- ern part of Washington county, about the 20th of October, only a short time before the Territory of Indiana passed into State- hood and was admitted into the Union as a sovereign State, thus establishing the two remarkable coincidents in his life, that he was born with the Federal Constitution, and came to Indiana and there established his future home at the time of its birth and admittance as a sister State into the Union. The trip from North Carolina over the Allegheny Mountains was made in packet wagons, and it took about four weeks to make it. William, our subject, was then a baby in arms and has no recollection of the events of that overlaud journey. His father hired or rented a farm belonging to Marston Green Clark and moved into a log cabin on it. This same Marston Green Clark, who was a relative in some degree of Gen. George Rogers Clark, had been a prominent man among the early settlers of Clark county ; had been a member of the first court organized in that county in 1801 ; had been one of the commissioners appointed to lay off the town of Jeffersonville ; was now a citizen of Washington county, resid- ing about eight miles south of the town of Salem, the county-seat. On this farm his first dim recollections came to him. Here he remembers his baby sister who had come to them since their arrival in Indiana. Changes took place now, sickness and even death came to them, but all seems to pass before him like a panorama ; event fol- lowing event in quick succession. Time passed on, and his early years were passed in familiar acquaintance with the trials, privations and labors of a pio- neer life, and his early education was such as could be had in the log school-houses of that day. When he had arrived at the age of sixteen, with a pretty good knowledge of arithme- tic and a smattering of English grammar, his father sent him to the county sem- inary at Salem, under the instruction of SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 23 John I. Morrison, at that time and for many years afterward a leading educator of the State. He remained at the Washington county Seminary under his old tutor, Mr. Morrison, for a number of years studying all the scientific branches, the higher branches of mathematics and Latin, only taking a recess of one year when he was eighteen, during which he taught school. After leaving school he taught two years in Martinsville, Morgan county, Indiana. He was, on his return home, employed as deputy clerk under Maj. Eli W. Malott, who was elected clerk of the Washing- ton Circuit Court in 1838. In this po- sition he continued until 1841, when he was elected the first auditor of Washington county, and served in that capacity until 1845. At the session of 1845-6 of the Leg- islature of the State he was elected warden of the Indiana State Prison at Jefferson- ville, the duties of which he assumed on the 15th day of June, 1846, he having pre- viously removed from Salem to Jefferson- ville. After the expiration of his term of service as warden, in 1S50, he was appointed assistant clerk in the United States House of Representatives at Washington, first under Judge James Young, Clerk of the House, and then under Col. John W. Forney, six years in all. During these six years, while mingling with members of Congress, he made the acquaintance of many of the dis- tinguished men of ante-bellum clays, both of the House and of the Senate. He came to the conclusion then, and is strongly of the same opinion now, that it is "distance that lends enchantment to the view," and that the so-called great men, when viewed from short range, are but men, and some of them very common at that. A change of the officers of the House, made in consequence of a change in its po- litical complexion at the opening of the 34th Congress, in December, 1856, resulted in a new set of subordinates, and, with the others, Mr. Lee was removed. Mr. Guthrie, the then Secretary of the Treasury, gave him a clerk- ship under him in the First Auditor's office, which he filled until he resigned it in 1858 to accept the clerkship to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads, under Hon. William H. English, its chairman. It was in this Congress that the great fight for the admission of Kansas under the Lecompton Constitution took place, and which was finally settled by the English compromise, as it was called, which was really nothing more than giving the people of Kansas a loophole through which to re- ject the Lecompton Constitution by simply voting for or against certain grants of land for certain purposes, and this election should determine the question of the ad- mission or the rejection of the State under the Lecompton Constitution. But it settled the Lecompton Constitutional question for the time being and gave the country a short breathing spell. In 1861 he was appointed by Governor Chase, Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of the. Treasury, a clerk in his office to sign green- backs and demand treasury notes. These notes came from the engraver's in sheets of four in bundles of a thousand sheets, making four thousand notes to the bundle, requiring four thousand signatures each for the register's and treasurer's clerks. Some clerks could sign four thousand notes a day, but three thousand was a big average day's work. He has done some hard work as a clerk in his lifetime, but this work of signing his name continuously upon note after note thousands of times in a day was the hardest work in the clerking line he ever did. Some thirty clerks were employed on this work but they could not produce the 24 CLARK COUNTY greenbacks as fast as the Government needed them, so the signatures were en- graved in the body of the bills and printed with them and the clerks were dispensed with for that service. From the Secretary's office Mr. Lee was transferred to the Second Auditor's office and set to auditing pay- master's accounts, and continued in that business until, in 1863, he was discharged because a Democrat, when he returned home. In December, 1863, he took service as a clerk in the freight office of the J., M. & I. Railroad. In 1866 he was promoted to the position of cashier, and continued to dis- charge the responsible duties of that posi- tion until 1S74, when a change in the sys- tem of accounting was adopted and he took another position, in which he continued until 1878, when he retired from railroad service. In 1875 he was nominated by the Dem- ocrats as a candidate for Councilman for the First Ward, and was elected by forty majority over a prominent Republican. He served his constituents for two years, and for personal reasons declined to be a candidate for re-election. In the mean- time, in June, 1876, he was elected by the City Council School Trustee, and served the city in that capacity, as President of the School Board, for three years, devoting much time to the improvement of the city schools. At the April election, 1882, he was elected a Justice of the Peace for Jeffersonville township, and was again re- elected in 1886, and now holds that humble but honorable position as a conservator of the peace of his county. He was married on the 4th day of August, 1841, to Miss Kate Harryman, oldest daughter of Major Charles Harryman, of Washington county, Indiana, who had served one year as a Ranger during the year 1812 in the Far West. He died in 1856. Her mother resided with her in Jeffersonville, and died April 1, 1882, aged 80 3'ears. Mr. Lee's father died in November, 1844, on his farm at Organ Springs, Washington county, aged 57 years, and his mother died in Jeffersonville, in the home of her son William, after long suffering and great affliction, September — , 1878, in the 85th year of her age. PROF. W. E. LUGENBEEL, principal of Borden Institute, was born in Frederick county, Maryland, in 1854, and is a son of Heury and Elizabeth (Harn) Lugenbeel, natives also of Maryland. The father of former, and grandfather of subject, was William Lugenbeel, a soldier in the War of 1812. The father's side of subject's family is of German extraction ; mother's side is English and French. Prof. W. E. was edu- cated at a private academy ; then went to Lebanon, Ohio, and graduated in July, 1873, from the National Normal University. He then commenced teaching at Woodstock, Ohio, continuing only one year; then taught three years at Amo, Ind., and four years at several other places. He built up the Southern Indiana Normal College at Mitchell, Ind., and taught there eight years, and in March, 1888, he accepted Prof. Borden's liberal offer to take charge of Borden Institute, and is one the prominent young educators of the State. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, of Mitchell Lodge of Masons, and of K. of P. MICHAEL V. McCANN is a native of Baltimore, Md., being born in that city November 21, 1819. His father, Henry SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 27 McCann, died when he was a small boy ; bis motber, Mary (Cunningham) McCann, died at tbe advanced age of 73 years. Mr. McCann left Baltimore at tbe age of 12 years, and went to Boston, Mass., where he attended tbe common schools of that city and obtained a good common-school education. In 1840 he determined to seek his fortune in the great western country, and came to Cincinnati, Ohio, by stage, and was nine or ten days in making the trip. What a revolution in travel since 1840 has been wrought ! That same trip can now be made in less than thirty hours. After arriving at Cincinnati, and looking round, be located and entered into the furniture business, which be followed until 1849, when he removed to Franklin county, Inch, and located on a farm near Brookville. He now became a granger and reveled in tbe beauties and pleasures of farm life for three years, when a change again came over the spirit of his dream, and be pulled up and re- moved to Louisville, Ky., where he remained for one year. From Louisville he went to Jonesville, a village and station on the J. M., & I. B. B., in Bartholomew county, and there engaged in the mercantile business. In 1855 he removed from Jonesville to Henryville, a station on the J., M. & I. B. B. in Clark county, Ind., about twenty-one miles from Jeffersonville, and there engaged the same as in Jonesville, in the mercantile business. While in business at Henryville, he was in 1866 nominated and elected Auditor of Clark county, by tbe Democratic party, and in 1870 he was again elected to succeed himself. This caused him to remove to Cbarlestown, tbe then county-seat of Clark county. It is not necessary to say anything about the manner in which he performed tbe duties of his office, as his re-election is a sufficient answer to that question. He was succeeded in the Auditor's office by his son, Charles A. McCann, who bad been one of his efficient deputies during his incumbency of the office. At the end of his four years' service, Charles A. McCann re- tired, refusing to again stand for re-elec- tion. It was during his son's term as Aud- itor that tbe great wrangle over the removal of the county seat from Cbarlestown to Jeffersonville took place. In this contest much feeling and bitter- ness between sections and individuals were engendered, and all other questions were made subordinate to that. When he saw what the result must be, that it would cer- tainly be removed to Jeffersonville, be sold out all his interests in Cbarlestown, and lo- cated in the city of Jeffersonville and en- gaged in the coal business, and has con- tinued in it ever since. He was married to Miss Mary Cowin, of Cincinnati, in 1843, who is still living. They have been blessed with seven children, five girls and two boys, to wit : Charles A., Henry, Amelia F., Mollie E., Florence E., Emma and Grace L. Charles A . McCann is in tbe wholesale grocery business in Spring- field, Mo. ; Henry McCann is in Orange county, Fla., where he owns an orange grove. Mollie E. is the wife of the Hon. Frank B. Burke, a lawyer by profession, and is now joint senator, representing in the State Senate the counties of Clark, Scott and Jennings. The rest of the girls are all at home with their parents. It will add but little force to what has al- ready been said, to say which is manifest that Mr. McCann is one of our most sub- stantial and trusted citizens, and stands bigb as a businessman and merchant. He is a Democrat among Democrats, ever ready to do all that be can to promote the cause of tbe Democracy and the success of his party. CLARK COUNTY JAMES HAEVEY McCAMPBELL. About three miles back of the Ohio river, and some twelve miles northeast of the Ohio Falls stands the beautiful town of Charles- town. It is one of the oldest towns in southern Indiana, having been settled early in the present century. It was, at an early day, established as the county-seat of Clark county, the second organized county in the Indiana Territory. It became at an early day, distinguished for the cul- ture and refinement of its inhabitants, its churches and its schools. It was here that James Harvey McCampbell was born on the 31st day of January, 1817. His father, Samuel McCampbell, emigrated from Bock- bridge county, Va., at an early day, and located in the town of Charlestown. He was a tanner by trade and engaged in that business, and James Harvey worked in his father's tanyard while he remained at home, attending school during the winter months, acquiring such common-school education as was to be obtained at the schools then taught in Charlestown. At an early age he became distinguished among his school associates and his teachers for his accuracy and arithmetic, and the beauty of his hand- writing. In 1838, when he arrived at his major- ity, he left the paternal home and started out in the world to do for himself. Like many another youth, he had high hopes, and the world was all bright sunshine be- fore him. He went from home to Jeffer- sonville, then a town of some three or four thousand inhabitants, situated at the head of the Ohio Falls, and engaged himself as a clerk in the dry goods store of Simon Bottorff. He remained with Mr. Bottorff two years, when in September, 1840, he went into partnership with John D. Wood- burn in the dry goods business, and opened a store in Jeffersonville. The firm of Woodburn & McCampbell continued to do business until the financial crisis of 1846, when, in consequence of the large amounts credited out, upon which the firm could realize nothing, it was compelled to suc- cumb. He then entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, Waller L. Merri- wether, in the drug business, and continued it until 1849, when he was chosen secre- tary and treasurer of the Jeffersonville & Indianapolis Railroad Company, and the partnership in the drug-store was dissolved, and he devoted all his time to the interest of the railroad. After the purchase of the Madison & Indianapolis Railroad by the Jeffersonville Road, and it became the Jef- fersonville, Madison & Indianapolis Rail- road, the offices of the secretary and treas- urer became too arduous for one man to handle, and they were separated, and Mr. McCampbell became treasurer of the com- pany. When the principal offices were re- moved to Pittsburgh, he was cashier for the road, and continued as such until he resigned in 1882, and severed his connec- tion with the railroad, which he had served altogether thirty-three years. In 18G5, after the close of the war, he was largely instrumental, if not wholly so, in organizing the First National Bank of the city of Jeffersonville, and was elected its president, and retained the position until his death. Up to 1882 the manage- ment of the bank had been largely left in the hands of its cashier, when a reorgani- zation of its affairs took place, and Mr. Mc- Campbell resigned his position under the railroad, and assumed direct control of the affairs of the bank, as its chief executive officer. His administration of the finan- cial affairs of the bank was able and effi- cient, and left it in a prosperous condi- tion. He served the city of Jeffersonville in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 29 various capacities, as a member of the Common Couucil and as a member of the Board of School Trustees. In whatever capacity he was called to serve the public he did it well and conscientiously. He was the friend and patron of education. For many years he was a trustee of Hanover College, Indiana, and of Center College, Kentucky, and contributed largely to the support of each. He was a stockholder and director in the Ohio Falls Car Company, and was interested in other stock companies and material interests of our city. On the 6th of October, 1840, he was married to Miss Letitia Merriwether, daughter of Samuel Merriwether, M. D., of Jeffersonville. Seven children were born to them, of whom four are still living: Rev. George Merriwether McCampbell, of Stapleton, Staten Island, N. Y. ; Mary, wife of Rev. J. K. Demerest, of Gettysburg, Pa. ; Margaret Allen, wife of Henry Cole Smith, of N. Y. City ; and Anna Walker, wife of Rev. J. M. Hutchison, of Jeffersonville. Mr. McCampbell was an earnest, devoted Christian. He took a deep, personal inter- est in all that pertained to the building up and extension of the Church of Christ. Early in life he made a profession of his faith in Christ, uniting with the Presbyte- rian Church. On March 23, 1844, he was made a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church of Jeffersonville, in which church he continued to serve in that capacity until his death. For twenty years he was super- intendent of the Sunday-school connected with this church, and after his resignation he continued to teach a class, and did so until the close of his life. His death was sudden and unexpected. He had been suffering from cold, but there was nothing calculated to excite fear or apprehension of danger. On Saturday, the 11th of February, he did not arise as usual. By Monday his disease was pro- nounced pneumonia; he gradually grew worse until death came and relieved him, at 5 o'clock on Wednesday, the 15th day of February, 18S8. Mr. McCampbell was a loving and tender husband, a kind and indulgent father, a liberal and benevolent neighbor, a good and worthy citizen and a Christian gentle- man. In his death the public have sus- tained a loss that will be difficult to repair. Upon the whole, Mr. McCampbell's life has been one of active labor and great useful- ness. He was a live, active, energetic business man ; he controlled large and im- portant business interests which he dis- patched rapidly and correctly. He was easily accessible, always ready and courte- ous to every demand made upon his time and patience. His friendships were of the warmest character, and for those whom he favored with friendship and confidence he was ready to render almost any service, no matter how exacting. In his life he has demonstrated to the world how it is possible for a man to be an earnest, active worker in all humane and Christian enterprises and a systematic busi- ness man at the same time. He has demon- strated also to the world how a man may grow in business and yet keep his heart pure and his life unspotted from the world. 30 CLARK COUNTY DENNIS MURPHY, a native of Water Grass Hill, County Cork, Ireland, was born September 28, 1840. He came to the United States, witb his parents, in 1852, at the age of 12 years. Their first settlement in the new country was in the city of Bos- ton, but owing to the fact that his father had six sons who had to be provided for, and the greater opening to secure employ- ment, on account of the large manufactur- ing interests, in Milford, Mass., he moved there in 1853. It was in this manufactur- ing town that the subject of this sketch learned the trade of a shoemaker. He continued there working at his trade. Al- though a native of a foreign land, he loved his adopted country, and was a strong Union man, and when the War of the Re- bellion broke out and the Southern States undertook to destroy the Union, he respond- ed to the call of his country for volunteer soldiers, and early in 1862 he enlisted as a private in the 15th Massachusetts Infantry. He was sent immediately, with his regi- ment, to the front. In October, 1862, his regiment was engaged in the battle of Balls Bluff, Va., where he was dangerously wounded and was left on the field for dead. His regiment went into tins battle with six hundred and twenty-three strong, and came out with only three hundred and ten, so terrible was the fire of the enemy which they encountered. He was captured while lying wounded upon the field of battle, and carried as a prisoner of war by the Confed- erate Army. He remained a prisoner until in March, 1863, when he was exchanged, and in the same month he was honorably discharged from the service on account of the wound he had sustained, and returned home to Milford, and continued to reside there until the year 1867, when he came west and located in Jeffersonville, Ind., and was employed at the Government depot, where he remained nine years, until 1S76, when he resigned his position and engaged in mercantile hfe in the same city. He continued in this business until the year 1885, when, in consequence of the wound which he had received in the head, at the battle of Balls Bluff, he was compelled to retire altogether from business, from the effects of which he died on the 15th of December, 1885, at the age of 46 years. As a business man and as a merchant, Mr. Murphy was a success. He had built up and conducted one of the largest dry goods houses in the city, making one of our most successful business men. Had not his health failed him, as it did, in the very midst of his most prosperous career, he would undoubtedly have made his fortune. He was a man of sterling worth. His intelligence, his stern integrity, and his moral courage commanded the respect of all who knew him ; while his generous nature, his unassuming, gentle manners, his patriotic spirit made him warm per- sonal friends wherever he went. He had a rare combination of virtues for one of his race, an Irishman, a Republican and a Prohibitionist, and he practiced all he preached. He was a member of the Order of the Knights of Pythias and of the G. A. R. His heart was in the right place. His hand was ever open to the demands of the needy and deserving poor. He was married twice. He was married in 1870 to Miss Nannie Smith, of Jeffer- sonville. After but four short but happy years of wedded life she died and left him no children. His second venture in matri- monial line was Miss Sallie J. Bottorff, a daughter of Henry and Teresa Bottorff, of Clark county, Ind. It has been said that true marriages are made in heaven. If that poetic idea be true, the match between this couple must have had a celestial £^s7s-%sisl*f{ SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 33 origin, for a happier couple than they never existed in this world. This time the hus- band was taken, and the wife left to the lonely life of a widow. She resides in her beautiful residence, "Inmur View," on Spring Hill, in the north of the city, where she cherishes the memory of her late hus- band, and devotes her time to the rearing and educating of her sister's children. SAMUEL D. OGLESBY was born in Jefferson county, Ivy., December 10, 1847. His parents removed from Kentucky when he was only five years old, and located on a farm near JeffersonviUe, in Clark county, Ind. He continued to reside on the old place until 1874, when he married Miss Mary A., daughter of Robert A. Walford, who was a prominent farmer of the county and died in 1870. After he married he re- moved to the town of Port Fulton, where he continued to reside until he purchased his present beautiful home in the city of Jef- fersonviUe and removed to it in 1888. Previous to this time he had acted as one of the township assessors for several years to the entire satisfaction of the public. While a citizen of the town of Port Fulton he served in the capacity of town trustee and school trustee for several terms each. Previous to his removal to the city, in 1888, after being nominated by the Democratic party for the position, he was elected town- ship trustee of JeffersonviUe township. About this time he formed a partnership with Jerome B. Dustin, bought out Jos. L. Guersney, and entered into the wholesale and retail grain and feed business. He continued in this business until 18S7, when he sold out to Jacob S. Fry & Co., and retired from the business in order to give more time and closer attention to the du- ties of his office. At the April election, 1888, he was re-elected to the office of township trustee without opposition, and is now oc- cupying the office and devoting his whole time to its duties. He has given much care and attention to the township schools and they are second to none in the county, or in the State for that matter, outside of the towns and cities. Mr. Oglesby is a mem- ber of Jefferson Lodge, No. 3, of the 1. 0. 0. F., of JeffersonviUe. He is a member and an officer of the Christian Church, and stands high in that progressive body of Christian workers. He is surrounded by the comforts of life, living in a new home, blessed with a good wife and five living children, one boy and four girls, — Thomas W., Alma, Minnie, Bessie and Alice. Be- sides his home he owns property in Port Fulton and seventy-one acres of choice bottom land in a high state of cultivation. He is the son of Thomas B. and Mary De Haven Oglesby, who were natives of Ken- tucky. They came to this State in 1852, and located in this township, where they continued to reside until in 1877 he died at the age of sixty-eight years. His mother is still living at the old homestead, far ad- vanced in years. Outside of the routine duties of township trustee, as overseer of the poor and looking after the public roads and highways, he is made by law ex-officio school trustee for the township. Besides the important duty of looking after the school interests of the children of the town- ship, the township library is placed in his care and keeping. Mr. Oglesby has de- voted much time in building up the town- ship library. He has added many new books to its catalogue and the old ones have been repaired and kept arranged in order so that it is a credit to the township and to the city in which it is located. CHRISTOPHER PEACELEY, the re- corder of Clark county, was born in the 34 CLARK COUNTY city of Jeffersonville, in said county, August 29, 1838. His father, Christopher Peace- ley, native of Ireland, and his mother, Clarrissa (Gunn) Peaceley, native of Scot- land, and emigrated to the United States, and located in Jeffersonville among its early settlers. His father was a shoemaker by trade. He was the second mayor of Jeffersonville. He served as justice of the peace twenty- six years. He has been dead over thirty years. Mr. Chris Peaceley is the only living son, and one sister, Mrs. G. A. Hull, of California, is living. Mr. Hull is a cap- tain in the United States amry. Mr. Peaceley was educated in the public schools in the city of Louisville, Ky. After he left school he went into a printing office to learn the printer's trade. He worked at the printer's case at various places for some fourteen years. In April, 1862, he enlisted in the Forty-Ninth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers. Remained in the ser- vice for three years. Was wounded by the guerrillas at Lexington, Ky., by which he lost his foot. After the war he returned to Jeffersonville, and was employed in the quartermaster's depot for seven years, up to 1876. He was, at the death of Evan Shelby, the county recorder, appointed to fill the va- cancy by the board of county commission- ers, until the next general election, when a successor would be elected and qualified. At the November election, in 1886, he was elected to fill the vacancy for four years, ending 1890. Was married in 1869 to Miss Anna Car- ter, of Jeffersonville, daughter of Sparrow Carter, railroad conductor. He is a mem- ber of the G. A. R., K. of P., American Legion of Honor, and the Ladies and Knights of Honor. DAVID C. PEYTON, M. D., is a native of Clark county. He was born October 12, 1860, near the old town of Charlestown, on Silver Creek. His parents, John M. and Susan Peyton, were also natives of Clark county and were to the manor born. His grandfather, Daniel Peyton, was a native of the Old Dominion, and emigrated to the then Great Northwest Territory and set- tled in Clark county some time about 1800, and was a captain of the militia in the early wars with the Indians. His Grand- father Clark was Scotch-Irish, and came from Scotland and settled near Jeffersonville. The father of Dr. Peyton was a farmer, bom on June 29, 1816, and died on June 27, 1882. The Doctor was the youngest child of seven sons and one daughter. His mother is still living, and resides at the old home- stead, where he was raised, and labored and went to school during the Winter ses- sions and obtained such education as could be acquired in such an irregular manner. At the age of twenty he began to read medicine with Dr. J. M. Reynolds, of Memphis, in this county. He took his first medical course at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati, in 1882, and com- menced the practice of his profession in 1883, at Utiea, in Clark county, and prac- ticed there about one year and then moved to Charlestown, where he remained about a year engaged in the drug business in con- nection with his practice. He then went to the town of Henryville, in Monroe town- shij>, Clark county, and remained there until the Fall of 1885, when he entered the University of Louisville, from which he' graduated in the Spring of 1886. In March after his graduation, he located in the city of Jeffersonville, where he has re- mained ever since, where he has met with the most gratifying success in his profes- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 35 sion. He has been elected by the City Council as a member of the City Board of Health three successive terms, and is now president of the Clark County Board of Health, member of the Clark County Med- ical Society, and American Medical Asso- ciation, is assistant to the Principles and Practice of the Chair of Surgery in the Ken- tucky School of Medicine, with Prof. J. Mathews, of Louisville. Dr. Peyton, by industry and honest endeavor, has estab- lisbed for himself a high reputation as a skillful and safe practioner, and bids fair to become a shining light in his profession. He was married, June 2, 1883, to Miss Retta Hay, a sister of Sheriff Charles S. Hay, of Clark county, and a daughter of Geo. W. and Susan Hay, of Charlestown, Iud. So far they have not been blessed with children. GEORGE PFAU was born in Germany on the 18th of August, 1839. He came to the United States in 1854, and located in Jcffersonville in 1856. He learned the bar- ber's trade, which he followed, doing a good business until 1870, when he quit that business and went into the manufacture of lard oil and general lubricating oils. His business is an example of what pluck and energy will accomplish. He began with a smaU capital and in a small way, and by industry and close application to business, it has constantly grown and become ex- tended, imtil now he has a large factory and doing a large business, having an extensive trade all over the South, with orders beyond his capacity to fill as fast as wanted. He was married to Miss Barbara Furhman, of Jeffersonville, in 1859, and they have seven children born to them, four boys and three girls : George, Willie, Alfred, Clar- ence, Annie, Minnie and Lillie. He took George in as a partner in his business on the first of October last. Mr. Pfau was elected a member of the school board of his city in 1881, and served until 188-1. He was again elected to the same office in 1886, and is now a member of that body. As a German-American citizen he takes great interest in the effi- ciency and success of the public schools of his city. In 1888 he was unanimously nominated by the Republican party as their candidate for Joint Senator for the counties of Clark, Scott and Jennings. He had for his com- petitor Hon. Frank B. Burke, of Jefferson- ville, Ind. Although the Democratic ma- jority in the three counties is pretty large, he was only beaten less than a hundred votes, having run ahead of his party in Clark, his own county, over two hundred votes. He is a member of the Masonic Order, and of the Odd Fellows, and of the Knight Templars. He is a member of the German Reformed Church, and one of its Trustees. He is one of the directors in the Citizens' National Bank, and has been a director in the German Savings and Loan Association ever since its organization, about eighteen years. Mr. Pfau is one of the best German- American citizens of his city. He has risen from very humble circumstances to an honorable position, and has won recog- nition among the highest and best class of his fellow- citizens. He has made himself worthy of all commendation. THOMAS B. RADER is a native of Henryville, Clark county, Ind., and was born on the 25th day of December, 1859, and was brought up in his native village re- ceiving such education as the common schools there afforded. He commenced 36 CLARK COUNTY teaching school at an early age, having taught a district school at the age of 16, and continued to teach a district school for five consecutive years, when he was ap- pointed deputy under Dr. H. H. Ferguson, County Treasurer of Clark county. In this capacity he served for four years, when Dr. Ferguson retired from the office and Jacoh S. Fry became County Treasurer, which was in 1883. He then accepted a position as clerk in the Auditor's office of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company in Louisville, which position he held until the spring of 1888, when he resigned it to go into business for himself in the city of Jeffersonville, that of real estate and insur- ance agency. Mr. Rader has embarked in this business with a determination to make a success of it. If energy and enterprise, backed by a strong will and determination avail anything, he will succeed in building up a business that will be an honor to the city and profitable to himself. We are sure that he has the hearty good will for his success of every man whose good will is worth having. He is a member of the lodge of the K. of P. and a member of the American Legion of Honor, and is secretary of the Citizens' Loan Association. He was married on the 8th of May, 1880, to Miss Lotta Butterfoss, of Jeffersonville. The union is blessed with three nice boys, Thomas L., Ralph and Claud G. His father, Commodore B. Rader, is a native of Kentucky, and his mother, Mary (Bogle) Rader, is a native of Pennsyl- vania; she died in 1876, at the age of 41 years. When his father came to Indiana he was only a boy and was engaged in the saw-mill business for a number of years. CHARLES RUEHL was born in the city of Jeffersonville, Clark county, Iud., July 22, 1860. He was brought up in the city of his birth and attended the public schools until he was taken from school and placed as a clerk in his father's grocery, and re- mained there until 1873, when he left his father and engaged himself as a traveling salesman for Kesler, Koch & Co., of Louis- ville. He traveled for this firm for four and a half years. Becoming weary of traveling around all the time, in 1888 he started in the grocery business for himself, and opened at No. 147 Spring street, Jeffersonville, Ind., and has no cause to regret the change. Owing to his many friends and his close attention to business, and the exercise of prudence and good judgment in extending credit, he has built up a large and prosper- ous trade. Mr. Ruehl was married in 1881 to Miss Clara Schultz, daughter of John Schultz, a merchant tailor of Jeffersonville, who was appointed Inspector of Clothing at the Quartermaster's Depot, in Jeffersonville, on the 1st of October, 1888, hut it not suiting him, he resigned his position, to take effect the 1st of January, 1889. They have two children, a boy and a girl, Charles A. and Mabel M. He is the son of John and Johanna (Leir) Ruehl, both natives of Germany, and came to the United States in 1847, and first located in Louisville, Ky., where they were married, and came to Jeffersonville in 1856, and in 1S58 engaged in the grocery business and continued in that business until 1S84, when he retired from business, and is now living a retired life. His mother died in 1S79, at the age of 53 years. Mr. Ruehl is a member of the order of the Knights and Ladies of Honor, and of the German Evangelical Reformed St. Lucas Church. He is a quiet, gentle and unas- suming citizen. His honesty and integrity as a merchant stand unimpeached, and as SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 37 a man and a citizen he commands universal respect from all who know him. DR. ISAAC N. RUDDELL is a native of Clark county, Ind. He was born on his father's farm near New Market, on the 6th day of June, 1857. He is the son of Alex- ander T. and Kate (Haymaker) Ruddell, both of whom are also natives of the county. His grandfather, William Ruddell, was born near the little town of Utica, and was one of the earliest merchants of the city of Jeffersonville. His great grandfather was a Virginian by birth, and came to the North- west Territory at quite an early day and settled in Clark county. He was a Methodist preacher, and would often leave the plow to go to fill an engage- ment to preach, seeming to consider the cultivation of souls and preparing them for Heaven was of more importance than the cultivation of com for man's temporal wants. Grandfather John Haymaker came from Jefferson county, across the Ohio river, and settled in Clark county. Our subject's father isstiU living upon his farm. A great deal of his life has been spent in the mercantile business at the town of Charlestown in this county. Dr. Isaac N. Ruddell passed his boyhood upon his father's farm, and did his share on the farm, as farmers' sons usually do. He was educated at the Charlestown schools and spent a while at Asbury University, but graduated in 1878 from the Barnett Academy, at Charlestown, Ind. He com- menced his studies of medicine with Dr. Thomas A.Graham, of the city of Jefferson- ville. He entered the Medical Department of the Louisville University and took a thorough course, and graduated on the 25th February, 1881. He immediately stuck out his shingle and commenced the practice of his profession in Jeffersonville. He was appointed by the Board of County Commissioners to do the pauper practice for the city and town- ship of Jeffersonville. He has, by close application to his profession and by gener- ous and fair dealing, built up for himself a good practice, and it is only fair to predict, if he continues in the same line, that at no distant day he will stand among the fore- most' of his profession. He was married on the 21st day of De- cember, 1887, to Miss Mattie Ashford, of Lexington, Ky. He is secretary and treas- urer of the Clark County Medical Society, and a member of the State Medical Society, and was secretary of the Congressional Medical Association until that Association dissolved. ALFRED 0. SCHULER is a native of Germany. Was born June 1, 1837. He came to the United States in 1857, when he was only 20 years of age, and located in Jeffersonville in 1858, and engaged as clerk in the store of G. W. Swartz, who was at that time one of the leading dry "goods merchants in Jeffersonville. He re- mained with Mr. Swartz until 1860, when he started in the boot and shoe business for himself. He continued in this business until 1862, when he sold out and took a trip to his old home in Germany, on a visit to his relatives and friends. In 1863 he returned to Jeffersonville, but during that year he went to Cincinnati and obtained a situation as clerk for Kuhn, Netter & Co., at that time the largest wholesale cloth house in Cincinnati. He remained with this firm until in 1864, when he again re- turned to Jeffersonville and clerked in the dry goods store of R. S. Heiskel & Co. He continued with this firm until 1866, when it was dissolved, and the goods of the firm 38 CLARK COUNTY offered for sale. He then purchased the stock of the old firm, and opened up in the dry goods business, and has continued in it ever since, and by honest effort and close attention to business, has made a success of it and built up a large trade. Mr. Schuler is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows' Lodges, and a member of the German Evangelical Reformed St. Lucas Church. He was elected by the Republican party as a member of the Com- mon Council of his city, and served in that capacity for two years, 1883 and 1884. He was married in 1868 to Miss Louisa Keepfer, of New Jersey, and they have been blessed with five children, all girls : Anna, Lena, Cora, Minnie and Amy, all living at home. Mr. Schuler is one of our very best Ger- man-American citizens, and is an honor to his adopted city, and would be to any city wherever he might locate. WILLIAM B. SHELBY, deceased, is of a family noted as soldiers and statesmen in the United States. He was bom in 1804, in Clark county, Ind., on what is known as the Shelby farm, and was a son of Evan Shelby — the latter a son of James Shelby, a brother to Gen. Isaac Shelby, twice governor of Kentucky, and a Revolu- tionary soldier. Evan Shelby was a na- tive of Virginia, came to Indiana on a flat- boat in an early day, and was married soon after his arrival. William B. inher- ited the martial spirit of his ancestors, and took part in the Blackhawk war in 1832- 33, furnishing his own horse and outfit. In 1838 he married Miss Mary E. Wilson, a daughter of Jacob Wilson, of Carmi, 111., whose parents were Pennsylvanians. He (Jacob Wilson) was in the War of 1812, under Col. William Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Shelby had seven children, viz : Margaret, John Shelby, Wat (died at the age of 30 years), Charles D., Ida M., Oliver W. and Evan. Mr. Shelby lived all his life on the old Shelby farm where he was born, and where he died October 23, 1862. His widow still resides on the farm, which she has carried on as in the days of her husband. Here she has lived since his death, and has succeeded in bringing up her children and educating them to fit them for any station in life they may be called to fill. The homestead comprises about 400 acres of good land, which Mrs. Shelby now owns. ALEXANDER W. SM1THA is a native of this State, and was born in Madison township, Jefferson county, Ind., May 26, 1843. He is the son of W. B. Smitha and Emma (Robinson) Smitha, both natives of the State of Kentucky. His father died in 1850 of cholera. His family is of German or:gin. Mr. Smitha, July 1, 1861, an early day in the Rebellion, enlisted in the 37th Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and was mustered into the service, in October of that same year, as a private. He served in the 37th for twenty months, when he was transferred to the 10th Regiment In- diana Cavalry, and was wounded at the battle of Stone River. He filled several positions as non - commissioned officer. He was mustered out of the service at Vieksburg, Miss., in August, 1865, after the close of the war. After he returned home from the war he was engaged in several pursuits. Among others he did the township assessing dur- ing the spring. He was appointed by John L. Delahunt, county auditor of Clark county, in 1883, his chief deputy, and served in that capacity until the general SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 39 election in 1886, when he was nominated by his political friends and elected in No- vember of that year as treasurer of Clark county, and entered upon the discharge of the duties of his office September, 5, 1887. In 1888 he was re-elected to succeed him- self. His second term will commence September, 1889. He was married February 13, 1874, to Miss Rea Fewell, of Jefferson county, hid., and has three children living, — Geo. R., Emma M. and Oscar F. PHILIP SPECHT is a native of Ger- many. Born March 26, 1843. He came to the United States while an infant inarms with his parents, who located in Philadel- phia, Pa., and in 1852 they came West and located in Old Vernon, the county-seat of Jennings county, Ind. After the battle of Bull's Run, when troops from the North were being enlisted and hurried to the front, in August, 1861, he, prompted by a patriotic impulse to march to the defence of his adopted country, enlisted in Co. H., 26th Rsg. Indiana Infantry, in August, 1861. He was regularly and honorably dis- charged from the service, on the 24th day of September, 1864, serving a little over three years. During his three years of service he was in some pretty close actions and saw some pretty rough service, but his spirit and bravery were equal to the occa- sion at all times and under all circumstan- ces. He was in the battle of Prairie Grove, Ark., at the seige of Vicksburg and at the battle of Fort Hudson. His Regiment, and he with it, were captured and taken prisoners of war at Morganza's Bend on the Mississippi river, and were taken to Camp Ford, Tex., and were held there in captivity for eleven months. After some nine months of wearisome captivity, Mr. Specht and three of his comrades made their escape and safely reached Natchez, Miss., and were returned to their Regiment, after it had been released at Donaldsonville, La. After his discharge he returned to his old home, Vernon, and went into the saloon business. In 1871 he left Vernon and came to Jeffersonville and went into the same business there, and has been in it continuously ever since. He is a member of the K. of H. and of the G. A. R. and of the Chosen Friends. He was married in 1868 to Miss Susan Egan, of Vernon, Jennings county, Ind. They have two living chil- dren, both girls, — Julia and Theresa. Mr. Philip Specht is one of the substan- tial German- American citizens. He has accumulated, by economy and industry, a large property in and around the city of Jeffersonville. He owns twenty-six acres of valuable land lying about a mile north- west from the city and four houses in the city. However men may differ upon the subject of saloon keeping all have to admit that Phil Specht is an honest man and a good citizen. EUGENE V. STEALEY is a native of Helena, Ark., where he was born March 2, 1850. His father, John 0. Stealey, was a native of Virginia. His mother, Mary Patrick Stealey, who is living with him in Jeffersonville, is a native of Clark county, Ind. His grandfather and grand- mother on his mother's side came with their parents to Clark county, at an early day, and his great grandfather was ap- pointed first postm ister of Jeffersonville. Mr. Stealey was sent to the public schools Jeffersonville at the age of eight, and con- tinued until he was fourteen, when he was apprenticed to his father to lc-arn the tin- 40 CLARK COUNTY ning business. After arriving at his ma- jority he opened business on his own ac- count, and continued to prosecute it with vigor until 18S2, when he was elected Township Trustee by an overwhelming majority. In 1884 he was re-elected to succeed himself, serving in this office in all four years. In 1886, after a vigor- ous contest, he was nominated over Richard C.McGill, the then incumbent of the office, as a candidate for the office of County Clerk, by a clear but small majority. Some of Mr. McG ill's friends were not satisfied and per- suaded him to become an indepedent candi- date against the nominee of his party. This made Mr. Stealey's friends indignant, and the canvass became bitter and personal. Notwithstanding he was elected by a ma- jority of 226. At the expiration of the term of office of his predecessor he entered upon the discharge of the responsible duties devolving upon him, and continues to discharge them. He was married De- cember 15, 1884, to Miss Eva I veil. ALLEN A. SWARTZ is the son of Rev. Jacob Swartz and Rebecca (Jacobs) Swartz, and was born in Clark county, Indiana, September 11, 1849. Rev. Jacob Swartz, his father, is a native of the State of Pennsyl- vania, and was brought to Indiana by his parents, and settled in Clark county at an early day in its settlement, when he was three or four years old. He was what was known as a local Methodist Episcopal preacher ; he was licensed to preach, but took no charge. He was born in 1800, and died in 1879, at the age of seventy-nine years, thus reaching nearly to his fourscore years, he died at his home in the city of Jeffersonville, surrounded by his aged wife and seven children. His wife soon fol- lowed him, dying in December, 1886. Mr. Allen A. Swartz was born and brought up on a farm in Utica township, Clark county Indiana. He attended, during his boyhood at home, the common schools of the neighborhood. At the proper age he was sent to Moores Hill College for a while, and then to Asbury University, now the DePauw University. After finishing his course of study, he returned home and formed a partnership with A. J. Frank, and engaged in the dry- goods trade under the firm name of "Frank & Swartz." This firm continued for three years, when Mr. Swartz bought out his partner and has continued in the dry goods mercantile business ever since, making him one among the oldest dry goods merchants in the city of Jeffersonville. His store is situated in a double brick business house erected by himself for the purpose on Spring street, Nos. 93 and 95, where he is doing a large and successful business. All this he has accomplished by strict attention to business and honest dealings with all who trade with him. He follows in the footsteps of his ven- erable father, and is an active member of the Wall Street Methodist Episcopal church in his city and is one of its official board. He is also a member of the Masonic Lodge of his city. He was married in 1879 to Miss Sallie Clarke, daughter of Prof. Joseph Clarke, of Jeffersonville. They have been blessed with two children, Clara and Walter A. SAMUEL C. TAGGART was born on the 14th day of September, 1828, in Clark county, Ky. His father, James Taggart, was born near Colerain, Ireland, on the 4th of July, 1800, and came to the United States in 1817 and settled in Clark county, Ky., and removed thence to Clark county, Ind., SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 41 in 1833, and settled in Charlestown. He died April 2, 1879. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church ; he was a graduate of Transylvania University, Lexington, Ky., in 1822. He practiced medicine in Kentucky and for a short time in Clark county, Ind. He in- troduced his younger brother, Dr. William Taggart, in this county, and then retired from practice. His brother died in June, 1888. Dr. Samuel C. Taggart came to Clark county, Ind., with his father in 1833, and worked on the farm until he was 17 years old, when he entered Hanover College and graduated in 1848. After graduating from college he commenced the study of medi- cine with his uncle, and after proper prepa- ration he entered the Medical Department of the Louisville University and graduated in March 1851, and immediately com- menced the practice of his profession in the town of Charlestown, Clark county, where he continued to practice with great success until 1880. In 1878 he became the Republican nomi- nee for the office of clerk of the Clark Cir- cuit Court against Mr. Plez James who had been nominated by the Democrats for re- election, and on account of the great per- sonal popularity of Dr. Taggart, and some bitterness felt by some Democrats against Mr. James, growing out of the Court House Removal question, which yet rankled in the breasts of many, Dr. Taggart was elected, and assumed the duties of his office in 1880 and leaving his practice he removed to Jef- fersonville to take charge of his office. In 1882 he was nominated by his polit- ical friends for re-election against Richard C. McGill, a young man of good character and of undoubted qualifications for the position, having been trained under his Uncle, Plez James, whom the Doctor had beaten, as a deputy in the office. This time the Doctor was defeated, however, by a greatly reduced Democratic majority. So at the termination of his official life, in a short time he returned to his old home in Charlestown, and to re-commence the prac- tice of medicine among his old friends and patients. In 1886 Doctor Taggart was nominated by his political friends as a candidate for State Senator for this Senatorial District, consisting of the counties of Clark and Jefferson. Dr. David McClure, of Jeffer- sonville, an old wheel horse of the Demo- cratic party, was nominated by his party friends for re-election. Clark county is Democratic and Jefferson county is Repub- lican, but it was generally supposed that the Democratic majority in Clark would sufficiently overtop the Republican majority in Jefferson county, to make it safe for the success of the Democratic candidate. Dr. McClure was elected by barely eight ma- jority. On the death of James H. McCampbell on the 15th of February, 1888, the office of President of the First National Bank of the city of Jeffersonville became vacant. This bank was organized in 1865 with a capital of $100,000, subsequently increased to $4-00,000, but it was afterward reduced to $150,000, principally by the efforts and capital of Jas. H. McCampbell, who was made its President and held that position until his death. Dr. S. C. Taggart was elected, and, after considerable hesitation and delay, accepted and is now performing the responsible duties pertaining to the position. In 1852 Dr. Taggart was married to Cynthia E. McCampbell, daughter of Sam- uel McCampbell, of Charlestown, a Virginian by birth and one of the early settlers of that ancient county-seat, and was a tanner 42 CLARK COUNTY by trade and owned a tanyard in Charles- town and carried on the business. Out of this matrimonial union have come two children, — James E. Taggart, a member of the law firm of Burtt & Taggart, and Jennie, wife of Charles E. Louis. Dr. Taggart is endowed with great men- tal and physical endurance. He is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church, and his hand is ever open to bestow charity upon the poor, the needy and the deserving. As a citizen, none stands higher. In social life he is pre-eminent ; he is genial, courte- ous, kind and gentle to all, rich and poor. His friends are many, and his enemies, if he has any, are few. JAMES E. TAGGART, the junior mem- ber of the firm of Burtt & Taggart, was married to Miss Nettie Winesburg, daugh- ter of John P. Winesburg, in Jeffersonville, April 24, 1885, with one child the result of the union. He is the son of Dr. Samuel C. Taggart, President of the First National Bank of Jeffersonville. Mr. Taggart is a graduate of Hanover College, of the class of 1874, and was admitted to practice in the sum- mer of 1SS5. He had previously served as deputy under his father, who was clerk of Clark Circuit Court for four years, from 1879 to 1883. He graduated from Union College of Law, Chicago, in 1885. He was born in Charlestown, July 1, 1858. JOHN W. TIMMONDS was born in Adams county, Ohio. He went to Ports- mouth, Ohio, when a boy to learn his trade as engineer in that city, on the mail boats plying between Portsmouth and Cincinnati. He was on these boats for three years, when in April, 1S52, he went on the Portsmouth, Hamden & Columbus Railroad, which is a branch of the Baltimore & Ohio Road. He run on this road continuously for seven years as engineer. In January, 1S60, he came to Jeffersonville, and run as engineer on the Jeffersonville & Indianapolis Railroad, now the J., M. & I. R. R., and run on that three years. In 1863 he went into the Quartermas- ter's department of Louisville and Cincin- nati. Was under old General and Captain Allen in the Louisville department, and was under Captain Lewis in the River Transportation department of Cincinnati. In the summer of 1865, he came to Jeffer- sonville, and took charge of the engine in the Quartermasters' Supply Depot, and served the Government as chief engineer in that department for twenty-four years, and never lost a day in all that time. He is both a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and a passed officer in both Lodges, both in the subordinate and in the encampment. He is a member of the Jeffersonville Wall Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and is passed officer of the National Association of Engineers of the State of Indiana. He was married on the 12th day of April, 1855, to Miss Caroline Gebhardt, of Scioto county, Ohio, and their union has re- uslted in three living children, one boy and two girls — John W., Lillie'and Blanch Adale. Mr. Timmonds is the son of John W. and Mary (Woodworth) Timmonds ; his mother was a native of Adams county, Ohio, and died in 1847 at the age of 42. His father a native of Berkeley county, Virginia, and died in 1849, surviving his wife only two years, leaving seven young and almost help- less children, of which the subject of our sketch was the oldest boy, to struggle through life as best they could, five of SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 43 whom are still living. They are John W. Timmonds ; Richard Henry Timrnonds, who is now employed at the Ohio Falls Car Works as steam pipe fitter there — he was employed as first assistant engineer at the Government Depot for twenty-one years ; Harriet Amanda, wife of Captain William Little, now living in Greenup county, Ky., owning one of the finest farms in that coun- ty — Mrs. Little is the oldest child ; Sa- mantha, who is married to H. C. McCoy, also of Greenup county, Ky., who owns and lives on a fine farm ; and Melissa, who is still single, and lives with her sister, Mrs. Capt. Little. This was certainly, in many respects, a remarkahle family. Left destitute and doubly orphaned while the younger ones were helpless, the oldest but a boy, and yet, under God's Providence and that heroic devotion of the older member of the fam- ily to the younger, they are all raised to the highest respectability and honorable standing in society. EDWARD M. WATKINS a native of Clark county, Ind., was born in the city of Jeffersonville, March 22, 1856 ; the son of Wilford H. and Anna Watkins, natives of Missouri and Indiana respectively. His parents, while he was yet a small boy, removed to Harrison county and settled on a fann in the southern part of it. When he arrived at suitable age, he was sent to the Central Indiana Normal School, at Ladoga, in Montgomery county, Ind., an educational institution that ranks foremost among its class in the State. From this Institution he graduated with honor in 187-4. Afterward he graduated in a Com- mercial Course at Poughkeepsie, New York, in 1877. He then read medicine with Dr. W. H. Reader, of New Amsterdam, in Harrison county, Ind., and Dr. Kelly, of Louisville. He attended the Medical College in Louis- ville, and graduated a full fledged doctor February 20, 1882. He located at Hawesville, Kentucky, and commenced the practice of his profession, and continued there about a year. While at Hawesville he married Miss Jennie E. Mitchell of that place, in 18S2. Not satis- fied with Hawesville, he pulled up stakes and went to Holdridge, Nebraska. Re- mained there until 1885, when he returned to his old native home, the city of Jeffer- sonville, where he has resided ever since, and besides being engaged in the drug busi- ness is engaged in the practice of his pro- fession, and is an honored member of the Clark County Medical Association, and is succeeding in business beyond his expecta- tions. Dr. Watkins is a man of energy and de- cision of character, and by his prompt and successful attention to the calls of the sick and afflicted has built up a large and lu- crative practice for so young a man. JOHN WHITE, Sr., was born in Fay- ette county, Penn., February 22, 1787, and came to Indiana Territory in 1 804, when the country was almost an unbroken for- est, filled with Indians and wild animals. The Indians, always treacherous, made it necessary to have the trusty rifle close at hand at all times. When a courier arrived from the Collins settlement with the news of the Pigeon Roost massacre, he promptly responded to the call for volunteers to fol- low the Indians and punish them for the savage murder of his friends. The short campaign was fruitless of any scalps, as the Indians were not overtaken. He as- sisted in the sad task of burying the dead 44 CLARK COUNTY of the Pigeon Roost massacre and returned home to follow his trade of tanning, while the women and children were placed in a fort near by to save them from the toma- hawk and scalping knife of the Indians. He was also a farmer, and a good mechan- ic, inventing plows and other farm imple- ments of a superior pattern, and in that particular was a very useful citizen. He was a strictly moral and temperate man, but was not a communicant of any church. Lived as near up to the Golden Kule as it was possible for mortals to do, and died in 1848. Hanna Carr White was also born in Fayette county, Penn., December 19, 178G. Her father, Elisha Carr, with his family emigrated to Kentucky and settled near Bryant's Station in 1797. Remained there about three years, when he with his family moved to Clark's Grant, Indiana Territory, where John White and Hanna Carr White were married in the year 1808. The Carr family was numerous and influ- ential. Many of them filled honorable and responsible offices. Hanna Carr White lived to see six of her children reach their majority. She was held in high esteem by all who knew her, and died in 1845. Colden C. White, son of John and Han- na White, was born in Clark county in 1825, was a farmer by occupation and lived at the old homestead 59 years. Was married to Josephine McCune in 1853. She was born in Charlestown, Clark coun- ty, Ind., in 183S. C. C. White has two sons, Oren C. and Frank C. Wesley Carr White, the older son of John White's family, was born in 1809. Moved to Missouri in 1S51. Enlisted in the Union army at the age of 53 years for a three years' service. Was captured at Shiloh and spent about one year in Libby and Andersonville prisons, when he was exchanged and discharged from service. After recruiting his shattered health he en- listed again for six months. His regiment was ordered to the relief of Nashville, Teim., but was prevented from arriving there in time to take part in the battle of Nashville by the Rebels destroying the railroad south of Louisville. He was or- dered to St. Louis, Mo., where he died in the military hospital about the close of the war. OTTO F. ZIMMERMAN was born in Germany, October 1, 184G, and emigrated to the United States in 1SG8, and located in the city of Jeffersonville in the same year. He had served his apprenticeship to the trade of silversmith in Germany, before he left that country. He went to work, after locating in Jeffersonville, for Mr. Drabnick, who was the leading jeweler of the place at that time. He remained with Mr. Drabnick only some six months, when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and worked there for a while for a wholesale jewelry house. From there he went South and traveled all through that country, working at his trade from city to city. In 1875 he once more returned to the city of Jefferson- ville, and in 1879 opened a jewelry store for himself, and has continued there in the business ever since. He has prospered beyond his expectations. By doing good work and dealing honestly and fairly with his patrons and customers, and by giving strict attention to his business, he has built up a large trade, and is now the largest and most complete house of the kind in the city of Jeffersonville. He de- serves the highest commendation for his success in business, and is but another ex- ample of what pluck and perseverance will do for a man. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 45 Mr. Zimmerman was married to Miss Amelia Baude, a niece of Mr. Drabnick, for whom he first worked when he came to Jeffersouville, in 1868. The union has been blessed with two children, a boy and a girl, — Stanley and Clara. He is a member of the orders of the K. of H., and theK. of P., and is a member of the German Evan- gelical Reformed St. Lucas Church, of Jeffersouville. JOHN C. ZULATJF is a native of Swit- zerland, and was born Oct. 26, 1864. He was brought to the United States by his par- ents in 1865, who located in the city of Jeff er son ville, Clark county, Ind., where he was reared from his early infancy, and where he resides now. He is a graduate of the DePauw University, at Greencastle, Ind., having graduated from that institution in 1885; and in fall of 1885 he entered the law department of University of Louisville, and graduated in April, 1886. He was, after graduation, admitted to the bar in Oc- tober, 1887, and entered upon the practice of his profession the same year. Although Mr. Zulauf is yet quite a young man he has become public spirited and has interested himself in the development and material progress of the city. A bridge for all pur- poses between the cities of Louisville and Jeffersouville would seem to be of the high- est importance to the prosperity of the lat- ter, and a company was organized under the name of the Louisville and Jeffersonville Bridge Company, of which Mr. Zulauf is one of the directors ; he has taken a strong interest in making it a success, and has made several visits to Washington City to to secure from the War Department the right of way across the Ohio river at the most suitable landing place on the Jeffersonville side. The Ohio Falls Street Car Company has been organized for constructing and oper- ating a street railroad in the city of Jeffer- sonville, composed of capitalists of Louis- ville and Jeffersonville. John C. Zulauf is president and business manager of that concern. He is Bepublican in politics and re- ceived the unanimous nomination as a candidate for Representative in the State legislature. . He is the son of John Zulauf and Wel- helmina (Sehoch) Zulauf. His father, John Zulauf, was born in Thurgan, Switzerland, December 27, 181S. He received a good education in the schools of his native country and in the college of Murten, Switzerland. After graduation Mr. Zulauf speut several years in per- forming clerical services in some of the large manufacturing establishments and banks in the different parts of Europe, which so eminently qualified him for the dis- charge of the many responsible duties which awaited him in this country. He spent one year in a bank at Marseilles, France, and several years in a large manufac- turing establishment in England. After which he returned home to Switzerland on account of his health. After rest and re- cuperation, he performed th_e reponsi- ble duties of head book-keeper for the large firm of Benziger & Co., but soon other duties awaited him, which brought him from the Old World to the United States, and thus changed the whole tenor of his life. A Mr. Fischli, a native of Switzerland, had previously come to the State of Indi- ana and had died there, leaving a large es- tate, mostly in lands, much of it where the city of Jeffersonville now stands, and in Jackson county and in other places, to his heirs, seventeen in number, residents of Switzerland. The amount and kind of 46 CLARK COUNTY. property, hard to realize from at that time, and the large number of heirs, all in a for- eign land, complicated matters to such an extent that it required an executor of more than ordinary abilities to settle the estate and make equitable distribution of the same among the heirs. Mr. Zulauf was, from his known ability and integrity, cho- sen for that service, and sent to the United States for that purpose. Fortified by full powers of attorney by the heirs of the Fischli estate, he came to America in 1846 and immediately entered upon the discharge of the duties intrusted to him, with full intent to close them up and return to his native land at the end of the year. But how little did he realize at that time the full extent of the business which he had assumed. But it soon came to him, that it was a labor of years if not a lifetime. While it dragged itself along through the courts, in 1848 he opened a lace store on Fourth avenue, in the city of Louisville, and about this time he was ap- pointed by the Swiss Government as Con- sul for the Western States. He held this position for several years, but desiring to return to his native home he relinquished it, and also closed his business house. About this t;ime the building of the Jeffer- sonville & Indianapolis Railroad was being agitated in Jeffersonville, and also along the contemplated line. Mr. Zulauf compre- hended at once the grand importance that the building of the road would be to the estate which he represented, and invested largely in the enterprise. At the death of William G. Armstrong, its president, Mr. Zulauf was elected to the vacancy. He held the position and ably performed the duties for a number of years. It had never been his intention to make the United States his permanent home. He still had his longing for his mountain home. After he had retired from the presidency of the Jeffersonville & Indianapolis Railroad he made a visit to Switzerland and remained there five years, but was again forced by business necessities connected with his trust to return again, which he did, bring- ing a wife and two children home with him. He was married in 1857 to Miss Wehle- mina Schoch. Her father was a promi- nent Government official of Bavaria, her native country, where she was raised and finely educated, who is now residing in Jef- fersonville. Mr. Zulauf's death occurred November 7, 1873, occasioned, not only a loss to his devoted family, but to his neighbors and to the citizens of his adopted country in gen- eral. He was a finely educated gentleman, a fine linguist and well read in ancient and modern lore. GRAWPORD COUNTY. DR. GEO. W. BAYLOR was bom in Crawford county, Ind., March 27, 1849, and is a son of Andrew and Eliza (Hammond) Baylor, the former a native of Augusta county, Va., and the latter of Indiana. The elder Baylor, Andrew J., was a son of George Baylor, of German descent ; he came to Indiana in an early day and settled near Georgetown. George W., the subject of this sketch, was raised on the farm and educated in the public schools and at Salem Academy. He began reading medi- cine in 1869, with Dr. Saunders, of Mill- town. He graduated at the Louisville Medical College in 1876, and in 1882 grad- uated from the Kentucky School of Medi- cine, at Louisville, Ky. He has practiced at Milltown since his graduation. He was married September 4, 1870, to Miss Sallie J. Vance. She died November 4, 1872, leaving one child, Cora I. He married a second time, October 20, 1874, Alice A. Rhodes, a daughter of Rev. Jacob B. Rhodes. She has one child, Nellie E. Dr. Baylor has been one of the surgeons of the Air Line Railroad since its completion, and was health officer of the county one year. He is a prominent member of the Masonic and Odd Fellows' orders. Is a member of, and one of the trustees of the M. E. Church. JOHN BENZ, ex-State Senator, one of the prominent merchants and leading poli- ticians of Leavenworth, Crawford county, was born in Germany, March 9, 1S34. He is the son of Jacob and Mary Benz. After receiving a thorough and complete educa- tion, at the early age of 1 6 he came to America to seek his fortune, landing at New Orleans March 25, 1850. He speed- ily acquired a knowledge of our language and identified himself with American inter- ests, customs and institutions. He proceeded to Louisville, where he worked at his trade, that of tailor. After remaining there five years, he removed to St. Louis, where however he only remained some nine months, when he returned to Louisville. Not, however, feeling perfectly satisfied, he shortly after removed to Hawes- ville, Ky., and from there to Cannelton, Ind., where he was employed some four years. Having by that time, through the exercise of care and economy, accumulated a fair amount of money, he resolved to go into business on his own account, and decided upon Leavenworth as the point, it being a young and rising town. He there embarked in business as a general merchant, and such has been his success, through his own energy and perseverance, that he is now one of the largest and most successful merchants of the town. He is a man of enterprise, tact and energy, and one who enjoys in a high sense the honor and respect of his fellow-citizens wherever he has become known. Successful in his business career, he now enjoys a competence. Early in life he associated himself with the Democratic party, and has served most efficiently as Chairman of the Democratic Central Committee of Crawford county for 48 CRAWFORD COUNTY about four years. In 1864 he was elected County Coroner for Crawford county ; in 1874, School Trustee of Leavenworth; in 1876, to the State Legislature from Craw- ford and Orange counties; in 1878, State Senator for Crawford and Harrison coun- ties. "While member of the Senate, was Chair- man of the Committee on Mines and Min- ing, and member of the Committee on Manufactories, Banks and Railroads, In 1883 his Senatorial District had been changed to include Orange county, and of this District he was again elected Senator, being the first time any man was ever hon- ored with renomination by his party. He was elected and served as Chairman of the Committee on Prisons, and also served as a member of the Committee on Military Affairs. In 1888 he was elected Township Trustee. He was appointed Marshal by Gov. Gray to collect the vote of his county and deliver it at Indianapolis in general election of fall of 1888. He was educated as a Lutheran, and now attends that church. He was married July 4, 1856, to Caro- line Nybauwer daughter of Carl Nybauwer, of Germany. They have had six children, three girls (one of whom is dead, one boy dead) and three boys. The two eldest sons are now employed in their father's store. Such is the record of one of Crawford county's most prominent citizens and one upon whom honors have been bestowed for his worth alone. DR. WILLIAM C. BIRD was born in Smith county, Tenn., March 14, 1833, and is a son of M. B. and Nancy (Mitchell) Bird — the former a native of North Caro- lina, and the latter of Smith county, Tenn. Dr. Wm. C. Bird worked on the farm until he was 21 years old, when he entered a store at English, Ind., and clerked for four years. He was married to Mary Newkirk in 1854, who bore three children, Mins B., John K. and Charles J., and then died. He entered the army in 1861, in Forty- ninth Indiana Vol. Infantry, and served three years. He began the study of medi- cine in 1866, and left the Medical College at Indianapolis in 1870, entering upon practice at Brownstown, Ind., where he re- mained two years, and then came to Eng- lish ; here he is the leading practitioner. In 1869 he married Melissa Turner, of Craw- ford county. She had three children : Dora M. Bird (deceased), James W. and Queen Victoria. Dr. Bird has served as township trustee and township treasurer. He has been a member of the Masonic Order since 1866, and has filled all the offices in the lodge. JAMES BOBBETT was born in Orange county, Ind., September 12, 1854, and is a son of John H. and Catherine (Goble) Bob- bett, natives of Tennessee and North Caro- lina respectively. The father of James, the subject, came to Crawford county in 1877. He had five sons, three of whom served in the late civil war. He has been a minister of the Gospel in the Christian Church for forty years, and has preached in many of the counties of Southern Indiana. He is about 73 years of age. James Bobbett was educated in the schools of his native county (Orange) and in Marengo Academy, under Prof. Johnson. He came to Craw- ford county and taught school for twelve years. In June, 1885, he was elected county superintendent of schools, and in 1886 was elected county auditor, the county being over 300 Democratic. In 1885 he began preaching the Gospel, and still preaches on Sundays. He was married in June, 1876, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 49 to Miss Mattie B. Smith of Crawford county. She died in May, 1884, and he was married again in June, 1885, to Miss Lizzie Gresham, of Harrison county, a daughter of Elias Gresham. He had four children by his first wife, and one by his last wife. He belongs to Masonic and Odd Fellows fraternities. CHAELES A. A. BULLINGTON, law- yer, was born at White Sulphur Wells, Crawford county, Ind., January 26, 1858, and is a son of Dr. Wm. H. Bullington, who was born at Marengo, in this county, August 16, 1822, and has been a practic- ing physician in this county for thirty- seven years ; he studied medicine with Dr. E. E. Houston, of Stephensport, Ky. He was first lieutenant of Co. H., Twenty- third Indiana Vols., in the late war. His wife's maiden name was Louisa Kennedy, and she was born at Brandenburg, Ky., in 1823. Her parents died when she was very young, and she was raised by the Warfield family, of Kentucky. She mar- ried Dr. Bullington in 1843. Charles A., the subject, was brought up on the farm, and educated at Marengo Academy. He studied law, and graduated from the law department of the University of Louisville, April 13, 1888. He located at English, having lived there before graduating in the law ; he was postmaster of English under Presidents Garfield and Arthur. He was in the mercantile business at English, the firm being Bullington & Temple Brothers ; the partnership was formed in 1881, and continued for three and a half years. After this he went into the law school, and entered upon the practice at English. He is a Mason and a member of Crawford Lodge, No, 470, English, Ind. His grand- father, Eobert Bullington, was bom in Jonesboro, Tenn., and moved to Crawford county in 1800, among the pioneers. His Grandmother Bullington was Mary Weath- ers, of Marengo, who was born in North Carolina. Mr. Bullington's brothers and sisters are — Willis W., Edward L., Lewis M., Delila A., Martha F., George Ann and William Louisa. DE. WILLIAM A. COLE is a native of Harrison county, Ind., and was born Sept. 7, 1854. He is a son of Jonathan P. and Lettie (Briscoe) Cole, the latter also a na- tive of Harrison county. Jonathan P. was born in Harrison county in 1818. He was a farmer, stock-dealer and merchant; his grandfather, Eichard Cole, was an English- man, and was sent to Ireland as an officer of the Crown, but was banished on account of his outspoken views. He came to America, settling among the early pioneers in Harrison county. Jona- than P. was in the pursuit and at the cap- ture of the Eebel Gen. John Morgan, when he made his raid through Indiana and Ohio. Dr. William A.'s maternal grandmother was an own cousin to President Lincoln. His maternal grandfather was of the Bar- low family of Kentucky. Dr. William A., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm until he was fifteen years old, when he entered the Blue Eiver Academy, in Washington county, then the Paoli High School. During vacation he clerked in his father's store, run a huckster's wagon, and did various other kinds of work to take up his time. Also taught two schools in Craw- ford and Martin counties. In 1875 he commenced the study of medicine under Dr. Lee Hazelwood, of Valeene, Ind., and the next year entered the Miami Medical College at Cincinnati. Graduating from the Medical Department of the University of Louisville, Ky., in so CRAWFORD COUNTY 187'J, he entered upon the practice of med- icine in Martin county, and practiced in that county and Dubois, Pike and Daviess counties until 1885, when he took charge of Hazelwood Springs, at English, Ind., opening them as a summer resort, and superintended them for two years. In 1888 he severed his connection with the Springs and resumed active practice of his chosen profession at English, Ind., where he still lives. Dr. Cole's brothers and sisters are : Dr. John A. Cole, Nancy E., Margaret I., Carrie F., Ollive H., Emma H., Prof. Mon- ford M., Alice J., Cora C. He was married April 25, 1883, to Miss Alice Hazelwood, of Valeene, oldest daugh- ter of Dr. Lee Hazelwood. They have two children, Mary L. and Georgia L. Dr. Cole has been a Mason twelve years, and is Senior Warden of Crawford Lodge, No. 470. BOBEBT MAEION CRAIG was born in Harrison county, Ind., July 28, 1833, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Meyers) Craig, natives of Pennsylvania and Virgin- ia respectively. William Craig was the son of Jesse Craig, who emigrated from Pennsylvania about the year 1811, and set- tled in Harrison county, on Blue Eiver. Elizabeth Meyers Craig was a daughter of John Meyers, a native of Virginia. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. He enlisted November 7, 1861, in Co. F, Forty -ninth Indiana Vol. Infantry, and served until Nov. 29, 1864, when, his time having expired, he was honorably dis- charged . He was in all the battles in which his regi- ment took part, including the siege of Vicks- burg. He entered the service as a private and was mustered out as a first lieutenant, which is a guarantee of his good service as a soldier. After his term of service had expired he returned home and settled down to the quiet life of a farmer, and was mar- ried January 5, 1865, to Sarah C. Breeden, daughter of Bryant Breeden, a native of Harrison county. They have three chil- dren, viz : Dora, Alta and Eobert M. Mr. Craig commenced clerking in 1875, con- tinuing the same until 18S7, when he en- gaged in the mercantile business for him- self in Leavenworth. He carries a good stock, worth about $3,000, and is an ener- getic and active business man. He has filled several township offices with great acceptability. He is a G. A. E. member. CLAEK H. CEECILIUS was born Octo- ber 7, 1847, in Crawford county, Ind., and is a son of Philip and Drucilla (Enlow) Crecilius, natives of Tennessee, but who came to this State among the pioneers. His grandfather came from Germany in an early day. His parents died when he was but four years of age, and his early life was marked by toil and poverty. For a few years after the death of his parents he found a home with John Glosson, and was then bound to Thomas Highhill, of Harrison county, with whom he remained eight years, when his master died. He then lived with James Highhill until 1862, when he came to Leavenworth, and was given employment by J. H. Lyon, a merchant of that place. Up to this time he had had few advantages for receiving an education, but while with Mr. Lyon he studied at odd times and clerked at $10 per month with "board and washing" included. In June, 1863, he en- listed in Co. C, Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. On his discharge from the army he returned to the employment of Mr. Lyon, remaining one year. Afterward he SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 51 attended Hartsville University for six months. He then entered the employment of John S. Whitten, remaining with him until 1870, when he was elected Recorder of the county, and in 1874 was re-elected. At the expiration of his second term, he was elected County Treasurer, and re- elected in 1SS2. In 1S85 he was elected joint-representative from the counties of Crawford and Orange, and served in the Fifty-fourth General Assembly. He next engaged in mercantile business at Marengo, which he followed about two and a half years, acting postmaster the while, and then , located at Leavenworth. In 1889 he was appointed clerk to the Ways and Means Committee of the National House of Repre- sentatives. In 1869, Mr. Crecilius was married to Miss Katie Wilbur, a daughter of Joseph Wilbur, whose father, William Wilbur, was the second settler of the town. The latter was from New York, and was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving through the struggle as drum-major. The Wilburs removed from New York to Pennsylvania, and to Indiana about the year 1824, set- tling in Crawford county, near Leavenworth. Joseph Wilbur, the father of Mrs. Crecilius, was born in New York in 181-4. and was married at the age of twenty years to Sarah Patrick, a daughter of Brice Patrick, Esq., an early settler of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Crecilius have had six children, viz : Hallie, Frank, Clyde, Sadie, Florence and Grade. Hallie is married to Sherman W. Stewart, and lives at Marengo. The other children are at home. WILLIAM R. DUNN was born in Alton, Crawford county, Ind.,in July, 1S43, and is a son of William and Melissa (Leese) Dunn, the latter a daughter of one of Clark coun- ty's pioneer citizens. The elder Dunn was a native of Virginia, came to Indiana in 1840, and built the Fullenwider Water Mills in this county. The subject of this sketch was reared in the town of Alton, and educated in the common schools. At the age of 18 he enlisted in the Union army, and served in the late "unpleasantness" three years and eleven months. He enlisted in Co. K, Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until theclose of the war as mu- sician. When the war was over he returned home and engaged in carpentering, which he followed until 1881, when he became a partner in the Peckinpaugh, Harrison & Co. Mills, more fully mentioned in the sketch of Abraham N. Peckinpaugh. He was married in 1866 to Miss Martha V. Johnson, a daughter of one of the early settlers of Breckenridge county, Ky. They have two children, Marcia V. and Jesse T. Besides these two, they have furnished a home to Marcia W. Newhouse, a relative of Mrs. Dunn. Mr. Dunn, his wife and chil- dren, are consistent members of the M. E. Church. WILLIAM EVERDON was born in Crawford county, Ind., January 6, 1860, and is a son of William P. and Sarah J. (Byrley) Everdon, natives of Switzerland and Crawford county respectively. Wm. P. Everdon was born January 4, 1827, and came to this country about 1847. He en- gaged in farming and saw-milling. He was not worth five dollars when he came to the county, and at his death his estate was worth about $55,000. Peter Byrley, the maternal grandfather of William Ever- don, came from North Carolina, and set- tled in Whisky Run township. William, the subject of this sketch, was reared in this (Crawford) county, and began life in the sawmill business in 1S81, and has 52 CRAWFORD COUNTY now two saw-mills — one in town and one out in the country. January, 1 889, he en- gaged in general mercantile business with Mr. E. E. Richardson, and they are doing a large and profitable business. He was married November 30, 1884, to Miss Alice J. Tower. They have three children, viz : Lela L., William P. and Nathlie Irene. William Everdon is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and is a stirring and live business man and a prosperous citizen. JACOB FUNKHOUSEE sprung from genuine pioneer stock, his parents settling in Indiana among the earliest pioneers. He was born in Harrison county, Ind., in June, 1821, and is a son of Moses and Susan (Lopp) Fnnkhouser — the former was born in Shenandoah county, Va., and the latter in North Carolina, — and the grandson of Christian Fnnkhouser. Moses Funkhouser came to Indiana in 1808, and settled in Harrison county, where he pur- chased 400 acres of land in the (then) un- broken forest. There he reared a family of five children, three sons and two daugh- ters. The sons are David, Jacob (the subject of this sketch) and Philip ; and daughters, Barbara and Margaret. The Funkhousers are of German origin, and are among the best families of Virginia. The Lopps are also of German origin, and were early settlers in North Carolina. Jacob, the subject of this sketch, was raised on the farm, and received but a limited education, attending school only during the Winter months, at a little log school- house three miles distant from his home. He married in 1845, Mary L. Winder, a daughter of James G. and Ruth (Cahoe) Winder, pioneers of Harrison county, and natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky re- spectively. The former, James G. Winder, was a prominent local politician, and a lineal descendant of Gen. Winder, of Revo- lutionary fame. Her maternal grandfather Cahoe, was an aid to Gen. Washington during the Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. Funkhouser had nine children, seven of whom lived to the years of maturity, viz. : James L., Zachary T., Hugh C, William H., Laura E., Albert W. and Arthur F. The eldest son, James L., was educated in the common schools and at Hartville Uni- versity, graduating from the latter in 1872, and from that time to 1S84 he filled the . chair of ancient languages in the institu- tion. He is now engaged in farming and stock raising, in Bartholomew county, Ind. He is a member of the order of K. of P. Zachary T., after fitting himself, entered Hartsville University, after which he en- gaged in the ministry of the United Breth- ren Church, remaining in it for five years. In 1887 he located at Corydon in the prac- tice of dentistry, and is now at Oakland City, successfully engaged in his profession. He is a member of I. O. 0. F. Hugh C. was born in 1853, graduated at Hartsville University, and attended the Union Biblical Seminary, at Dayton, Ohio. He is a mem- ber of the order of F. A. M. He is a min- ister in the Congregational Church at Kaukauna, Wis. William H. was educated in the common schools and Hartsville University, and af- terward graduated from the medical depart- ment of the University of Louisville, and the Louisville Medical College in 1884 and 1885 respectively. Since then he has practiced his profession in Corydon. Laura E., after receiving a good education married Frank Tyner, a prosperous young farmer of Bartholomew county and cousin of ex-Postmaster General Tyner. Albert W., like his brothers, was well educated, finishing at DePauw University, Greencas- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 53 tie, Ind., and in 1884 began readiug law with W. N. & R. J. Tracewell, at Cory- don. He remained there until 1887 when he removed to Leavenworth and entered upon the practice of his chosen profession in partnership with R. J. Tracewell. In 1886 he was the Republican candi- date for prosecuting attorney, but was de- feated by 281 votes, cutting down the Dem- ocratic from 1,060 votes. He is a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity and of the I. 0. 0. F. Arthur F. the youngest son attended the common schools, gradua- ted from the High School in Corydon, then entered DePauw University at Greencastle, and after completing the first two years of the scientific course, "Asbury College of Lib- eral Arts, " he served three years as prin- cipal of the public schools of the county. He also was a member of the Phi Delta Theta College fraternity. Then took up the study of law with W. N. & R, J. Tracewell, and after three years, study re- moved to Leavenworth and began editing the Crawford County Republican, of that place. He has made one trip South, visit- ing the principal cities in that section, and also a trip to Wisconsin and the Northwest. He is an enterprising young man, and aside from the time required as editor, is yet pur- suing his law studies with a view of enter- ing the profession. It is to some extent to his energy and fearlessness as an editor that the notorious "White Caps" were extinguished from this county. DR. JOHN H. GIBBS is a native of Indiana, and was bom in Harrison county April 19, 1843. He is a son of William and Sarah (Spencer) Gibbs, the latter a daughter of James Spencer, of Crawford county ; the former, William Gibbs, was born in Crawford county, November 20, 1820, and was a farmer and miller. He was elected county commissioner of Craw- ford county, and died October 1, 18S0, before Iris term was out. His father, Jas. R. Gibbs, was a native of North Carolina, and moved to Crawford county, Ind., among the pioneers. Dr. John H. was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools and at Hartsville College. He com- menced the study of medicine in 1866, under Dr. J. F. Sanders, of Milltown, and took his first course of lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., graduating in 1872 from the Louisville Medical College. He commenced the practice of his chosen profession in Gib- son county, Ind., where he remained for ten years, removing to Milltown in 18S3, where he now resides. He was married in 1 866, to Celia Riley, daughter of John and Han- nah Riley, of Bartholomew county, Ind., and a graduate of Hartsville University. They have four children living, viz : Ellis B., Elizabeth E., William and Lillian. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and also of the Odd Fellows. He is permanent secretary of his Lodge, having passed "through the chairs" and been representa- tive to the Grand Lodge. HENRY C. GREEN was born in Harri- son county, Ind., August 6, 1839, and is a son of Coleman and Nancy (Kurl) Green, the latter a daughter of Bennett Kurl, a native of Virginia, and whose father was a Revolutionary soldier. The elder Green (subject's father) was also a native of Virginia, and a son of Peter Green of that State. Coleman Green came to Indiana about 1824, and settled in Harrison county. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and had four sons in the late war. Henry C, the subject, was reared on a farm and moved to Crawford county in 1860. 54 CRAWFORD COUNTY When the war broke out he shouldered his gun and served until his health gave way, when he was discharged on account of disability. He then resumed farming, and in 1S67 was married to Louisa Kendall, a daughter of Elijah Kendall. Mr. Green has never been an office seeker. He is a member of Courtney Post, G. A. R. He owns 100 acres of good land well improved. He is a consistent and zealous member of the Methodist Church at Grants- burg, and leader of the class there. EMANUEL R. HAWN, M. D., deceased, was born in Clermont county, 0., Septem- ber 11, 1831, and was a son of Emanuel and Harriet (Bell) Hawu, natives of Mary- land and Ohio respectively. Emanuel R., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Ohio, and received a liberal education in the schools of that State, graduating from a literary college at Richmond, 0. He came to Crawford county, Intl., and locat- ed at Alton in 1851, and commenced the practice of medicine, having read medicine and graduated from the Ohio Medical Col- lege before leaving that State. He served through the Mexican war and was in several battles ; and at the breaking out of the late civil war, in 1861, he joined the Seventeenth Indiana regiment, as a lieutenant, and was immediately promoted to captain. He was afterward transferred to First Indiana Heavy Artillery as sur- geon, and subsequently to Forty-ninth In- diana Volunteer Infantry, and served as surgeon of this regiment until 1864, when he was placed in charge of a hospital at Louisville, Ky. He remained there only two months, when Gov. Morton called him to take charge of One hundred and forty- fourth Indiana regiment, and he was sent with it to Virginia. He was chief surgeon over four different regiments during his term of service. When the war was over he located in In- dianapolis, where he remained one year, and then came to Leavenworth, and was postmaster under Presidents Grant and Hayes, and pension examiner. In 1880 was elected secretaiy of state. He died in 1S84, while holding the office of secre- tary of Board of Health. In 1854 he married Miss Mary E. Hol- croft, a native of Crawford county, and a daughter of Nathaniel and Elizabeth (Smoots) Holcroft, natives of Virginia. He has six children living, viz : Ada, Elijah, Elizabeth, John A., Clem, and Emanuel. John was born November 27, 1864, and is a physician, graduated from the University of Louisville in 1884, and began practice at once in Leavenworth. His father was a prominent Mason and Knight of Honor. His mother, Mrs. Hawn, keeps a hotel in Leavenworth. CAPT. ELIJAH P. E. HOLCROFT was born in Harrison county, Ind., in 1824, and is a son of Nathaniel Holcroft. He was edu- cated in the common schools, and at the age of twenty-two years began business with his brother at Alton, Ind., which he followed some eight years. He then en- gaged in steamboating, commanding steam- ers in the Louisville and Henderson Packet Company's service, until the name of Capt. Holcroft became a familiar one on the Ohio. After about three years' service on the river, he opened a general store, and fol- lowed flatboating for about eleven years. He now has a general store at Alton, and carries about $5,000 worth of goods. He owns real estate in Crawford county, in Tennessee and Missouri. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 55 He was married in 1846 to Miss Mary A. Rice, a daughter of Jacob Rice, a native of Pennsylvania, but who emigrated to Kentucky in pioneer times, and who was in Hardin's Fort, now Hardinsburg, coun- ty-seat of Breckinridge county, Ky., during the Indian period in the "Dark and Bloody Ground." Captain and Mrs. Holcroft have had nine children, viz : Nathaniel S., Ella, Ada, Benjamin, Cora, Elizabeth, James K., Elijah, Millie and Helen. Nathaniel, Cora and Elijah are at home; Ada is married and lives in Kentucky, Ella in Brownsville, Mo., Elizabeth in Kansas, Helen in Texas, Benjamin lives in Evansville, Ind., and James in Missouri. Capt. Holcroft is an influential and prominent citizen, and one of the solid men of the county. DR. WILLIAM HOLLAND was bom in Hopkins county, Ky., February 26, 1819, and is a son of Thomas and Kath- erine (Beck) Holland, — the latter, bom in Germany, came to America with her parents when but six j'ears of age. Thomas Holland, subject's father, was also born in Germany, in 1788, and came to America with his parents when nine years of age, settling in Hopkins county, where he died in 1834. He was a man of some local prominence, and was associate judge, and also sheriff of Hopkins county. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Stephen Holland, his father, came from Germany to America to enlist with the Americans in the Revolutionary war, and for his service he was given a grant of land in Kentucky, upon which he settled, lived and died. His wife died in Kentucky, at the age of 106 years. Stephen Beck, the maternal grandfather of Dr. William, was a native of Germany — he came to America, fought through the Revolutionary war, and died soon after its close, from a wound received while in active duty. The subject, Dr. William, was raised on a farm, and, when eighteen, went to Geneva, N. Y., to go to school, and while there (four years) he learned the cabinet maker's trade. After his return he went to Ann Arbor, Mich., to study medi- cine. He read there three years, and then went to Chicago, and entered the Rush Medical College, from which he graduated. He commenced practice at Wheeling, 111., but in a short time located at Joliet, 111., where he practiced for about twelve years, and then removed to Chanrpaign, 111. He was appointed surgeon at Fort Snelling, in Minnesota, which position he filled for for two years. . In 1863 he removed to Paoli, Orange county, Ind., practicing his profession until 1882, when he opened a drug store, carrying on the same until 1886, when he sold out and opened a hotel. He removed to Milltown, on the Airline Railroad, where he now resides. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. He was married in 1853, at Champaign, 111., to Mary Hay, a native of Oswego, N. Y. They have seven children, viz : Alice, An- toinette, William H., Mary E., Eliza A., Bessie P. and Ethel Gertrude, all of whom are living. DAVID JENKINS was born in Indiana in 1829, and is a son of John F. and a grandson of Enoch Jenkins, the latter a native of Virginia, who was among the early settlers of Kentucky. He was a ranger in the service of the Government on the frontier during the trying scenes of the war of 1812. David Jenkins, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm and educated in the old log school-house, with the puncheon floor and slab seats. He began flatboat- 56 CRAWFORD COUNTY ing at the age of 15 years, and continued the same of to 1870, except during the civil war. He served in every capacity from deck-hand to pilot. He was married in 1851 to Joanna Jones, a daughter of John and Jane Jones, natives of Kentucky. They have seven children, viz : Eufus A., Jane E., George F., Mary M., Thomas M., Ulysses S. and Daniel M. Mr. Jenkins is postmaster at Cape Sandy. He owns three acres of ground , in which his business house is situated. He does a general merchant business, carrying a stock of about $3,500. His children are not all married ; and three of them live in Illinois, the others live in Indiana. WILLIAM E. JENNER is a native of Indiana, and was born in Milltown, No- vember 4, 1839. He is a son of Stephen R. and Mary Ann (Lawson) Jenner. The former is a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in 1816; removed to Kentucky in 1828, and to Crawford county, Ind., in 1836. His father, Samuel Jenner, was a native also of Pennsylvania, and was a soldier of the War of 1812. The latter, Mary Ann Lawson Jenner, was born in Cincinnati, 0. ; from thence her father moved to Louisville, and thence to New Albany, and from there to Meade county, Ky. He was a native of Lancashire, Eng- land, and was the first machinist who started a machine shop in Cincinnati or Louisville for the manufacture of cotton machinery. Wm. E. learned harness-mak- ing and blacksmithing, and received a good practical education in the common schools of Crawford county. He served in the Federal army during the late "unpleas- antness," and was sergeant-major of the Fifty -third Indiana Vol. Infantry. He served three years and eight months, when the war closed and, like Othello, he found his occupation gone. After leaving the army he farmed and taught school for four years, then opened a tin store in Old Ma- rengo, — he is the oldest resident of New Marengo, and farmed the land where it now stands. He has practiced dentistry for seventeen years in connection with his other business. He was elected justice of the peace in 1880, and has been twice re- elected. He is a member of the G. A. R. and commander of his Post. Is also a member of the Knights and Ladies of Hon- or. He was married February 13, 1866, to Sallie J. Waltz, of Marengo. They have four children living and one dead : James W., Tuda R. E. (deceased), Harry W., Lycurgus L. and Gertie L. JAMES U. LASWELL was born in Rock Castle county, Ky., June 6, 1836, and is a son of James B. and Mary (Singleton) Las- well, both natives of the same county. They moved to Indiana and settled in Crawford county in 1856. The former was born March 20, 1806, and the latter in 1812. James U., the subject, was reared on the farm, and at the age of 20 entered the cotton mills at Cannelton, Ind., and took charge of a section of looms, but quit it after five years' service, on account of bad health. He removed to Logan county, Ky., and engaged in farming and saw-milling. He removed back to Indiana in 18S4, located at Taswell and opened a general store, and at the same time engaged in the timber business. He moved to English in 18SS, and took charge of the English hotel. In 1858 he was married to Mary E. Johnson, of Logan county, Ky., a graduate of the Russelville Female College. She bore two SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 57 children — Douglas and Mary (the latter deceased), and died in 1860. He married again, in 1861, Mary Rogers, of Logan county, Ky., who has borne nine children, viz : Joseph, Ernma, Fanny, Mary, James M., Humas C, Rogers, Mag- gie and Lela. Mr. Laswell is a Mason, and he and his wife are members of the Presby- terian Church. DANIEL LYON, deceased, was born in Vermont in 1802, and was raised on a farm. He was educated in the common schools, and while a young man removed to Bullitt county, Ky., where he married Margaret Wells, daughter of one of the pioneers of that county. His father was Timothy Lyon, also a native of Vermont, whose ancestors came from England. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Daniel, the subject, moved to Leavenworth in 1820, and in 1830 began building skiffs, which are known far and wide as the "Leavenworth Skiffs." The firm is known as the D. Lyon Skiff Company. This busi- ness he continued until 1883, when he died. Mr. and Mrs. Lyon raised seven children, as follows : Amanda, Lavinia, Malinda, Rosilla, Preston, Eldorado and Wallace. Since the death of Mr. Lyon his business has been carried on by the eldest and youngest son. At present it is carried on by the youngest son. Wallace was mar- ried in 1876 to Jennie Lathrop, a daughter of Wilson Lathrop, and had six children. Mrs. Lyon died in 1882 and he married Susan Wilkins, daughter of David Wil- kins. Three children was the result of this marriage, viz : Guy, Ray and Carl. HAMILTON MARTIN was born in Crawford county, Ind., May 23, 1834, and is a son of John and Nancy (McRae) Martin, the former born in Kentucky in 1801, near Covington; his father, Edward Martin, lived for many years in Kentucky, and about 1820 removed with his family to Indiana, settling near Mt. Sterling, the first county-seat of Crawford county, and was one of the pioneers; the latter Nancy McRae Martin, was born in North Carolina, and was a daughter of Alexander McRae, a native of Scotland. (For sketch of McRaes, see elsewhere in this volume.) Hamilton Martin, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm and educated in the com- mon schools. He was married at the age of 21 years to Miss Mary E. Seaton, a daughter of James Seaton, native of Penn- sylvania and of German origin. He fol- lowed fanning until the commencement of the Civil War, when, in November, 1861, he enlisted in Co. H, Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, participating in all the battles of this regiment ; was wounded in 1862; was with Gen. Grant in the rear of Vicksburg. In May, 1863, he was cap- tured and taken to Libby Prison, but was kept there but a short time, when he was paroled ; in November he was exchanged, and again entered the service with his old regiment. He was discharged November 29, 1S64, and then enlisted in the One hundred and forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served to the close of the war. He entered the service as a private, and was mustered out as first lieutenant. Since he left the service he has been justice of the peace from 1868 to 1876, and has been postmaster at Grants- burg since 1879 (except one year), and was elected county commissioner in 1886 ; has been in the mercantile business in Grantshurg since 1879, and has a good business; carries about a four thousand dollar ($4,000) stock of goods. 58 CRAWFORD COUNTY Mr. and Mrs. Martin have two children, named Anna and Willie E. Anna married Riley Tadloek, and Willie married Miss Emma Conway, and is at home. PETER M. OUEBBACHEB, a merchant of Leavenworth, was horn Aug. 16, 1846, in this town, and is a son of Michael and Sarah (Lory) Ouerbacher, natives of Ger- many. The former came to Leavenworth, where he did a general trading on the river to New Orleans. Peter M., the subject of this sketch, was reared in Leavenworth, and received such education as the schools of the place afforded. Upon arriving at manhood he engaged in the wharf business, which continued about twelve years alto- gether. In the meantime he and his bro- ther Joseph moved to Chattanooga, Tenn., and was in business there for three years. In 1883 he engaged in general mercantile business at Leavenworth, dealing in dry goods, groceries, hardware, etc , carrying a stock valued at about $7,000. He was married in 1875, Miss Flora Dachamp, of Harrison county, Ind. She died in 1878, and in 1879 he married Ada C, a daughter of Dr. E. E. Hawn, deceased. He had one child by first marriage — Briddie, and one by last — Gertie. He is an Odd Fellow and a Knight of Honor. STEPHEN C. PATTON was bom in Crawford county, Ind., July 30, 1852, and is a son of William and Louise (Laswell) Patton. The former was born in Orange county in 1815, and moved to Crawford county in 1855. Stephen, the subject, was reared on a farm, and continued the busi- ness until 1882, when he opened a general store in Orange county, continuing the business in the county four years, when he removed to English and opened a livery stable. After continuing this business a while he opened a drug-store. He was married in 1873 to Miss Elizabeth Longest, of Crawford county. They have five chil- dren, viz : Idena, Carrie, Fanny, Joseph W. and Nancy G. Mr. Patton is a pros- perous and energetic business man and an excellent citizen. NICHOLAS R. PECKINPAUGH, a na- tive of Crawford county, Ind., was born March 7, 1845, eight miles below Leaven- worth, on the Ohio river. His father, Peter Peckinpaugh, was a native of Breckinridge county, Ky., and his mother, Susan (Gold- man) Peckinpaugh, was a native of Craw- ford county, Ind. His father settled in Crawford county in 1818, was a farmer, and kept a woodyard on the river bank for steamboats. N. E. was educated at the Louisville University, entering at 18 and re- maining two years. He began the study of law at Leavenworth in 1868, with his brother, William H., and Col. Horatio Woodbury, and was admitted to the bar in 1869, and later to practice in the Supreme Court of Indiana. Was an Internal Eevenue gauger in 1872 ; was a delegate to the Na- tional Eepublican Convention that nomina- ted Eutherford B. Hayes to the Presidency ; was an elector on the Garfield Presideutal ticket in 1880, and made the race for prosecuting attorney against Judge Eein- hart, and later against John Benz for State Senator, reducing the majority of the Demo- crats about 400. He was married May 8, 1868, to Mary M. Ouerbacher, of Crawford county, and they have seven children. Mr. Peckinpaugh is a fine public speaker, and a power on the stump in a political cam- paign. He was in May, 1887, appointed by the New Albany Presbytery a commis- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 59 sioner to the General Assembly that met at Omaha, Neb. He is an active member of the Masonic fraternity, and has been master of Leavenworth Lodge. He is also a prominent and enterprising citizen of Southern Indiana. Major Peckinpaugh is an applicant for the office of U. S. Attorney for the dfttrict of Indiana under the new administration. His supporters for this place are among the best lawyers and politicians of the State. His ability as a lawyer and as an advocate merits the place ; then his Republicanism is of the highest grade. He spares neither time nor money for the success of his party. JOHN I. PECKINPAUGH was born in Ohio township, Crawford county, Ind., April 1, 1837, and is the oldest son of Nicholas and Eleanor (Shekell) Peckinpaugh; the latter was a daughter of Abraham and Rebecca (Coy) Shekell, of Kentucky. Nicholas Peckinpaugh was born in Breckenridge county, Ky., January 1, 1810, and was a son of John Peckinpaugh, a native of Penn- sylvania, who moved to Kentucky and settled in Breckenridge county among the first settlers. A little later he and his friends removed to Indiana, and settled in what is now Crawford county, when Indians were still plenty. John Peckinpaugh built the first "wood- boat" on the Ohio, which he kept for years and supplied steamboats with wood. Nicholas Peckinpaugh was a man of some prominence and served three terms in the Legislature. The family settled here how- ever before the era of steamboats. When they first came they had to keep guard over the men to protect them from the Indians, while at work building their cabins, clear- ing grounds and making their first crop. To procure supplies, such as sugar and coffee, and salt (this was before Moorman's Salt Works at Brandenburg), they went up the river to the Falls in a pirogue, which is a kind of canoe dug out of a tree, and brought down these articles of necessity to their settlements. John I. Peckinpaugh, the subject, relates the following pioneer incidents of his grand- father's residence in Kentucky : He (sub- ject's grandfather) and one of his brothers were going to school, when he was struck with a presentiment that he must run. His brother was crippled with "stone bruises" and could not run, but he started in a pretty rapid trot, and had proceeded but a short distance when he saw some Indians con- cealed by the path. He sheared around and ran as fast as his legs could carry him, but had not gone far before he hears his brother scream, by which he knew the Indian had captured hinn He ran home and told the dismal story, and at once the neighbors were aroused and started in pursuit of the savages, whom they overtook just as they reached the Ohio river. When the savages saw they must be overhauled, they toma- hawked their prisoner and threw him into the river. Nicholas Peckinpaugh died in 1859; his widow is still living. John I. Peckinpaugh, the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm, and received such education as the country schools afforded. In January, 1860, he married Lavina T. Williams, of Perry county, Ind., a daughter of Garret Williams from Tennessee, a native of North Carolina, and one of the earliest settlers about Troy, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Peckinpaugh have four children living, viz : Frank, Emnia, Nellie and Thomas, all of whom are at home. Mr. P. owns 432 acres of good land on the river, well improved and in a high state of cultivation. He is a zealous member of. CO CRAWFORD COUNTY the Masonic fraternity, and with his family are church members. He has never held office, but has devoted his time and talents to his family and their support. ABRAHAM N. PECKINPAUGH was born in Crawford county, Feb. 13, 1839, and is a son of Nicholas and Eleanor (She- kell) Peckinpaugh, who were among the first permanent settlers of the county. (For particulars of family history, see sketch of John I. Peckinpaugh.) Abraham, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm near Alton, Ind., and was educated in the old time subscription-schools of the county. In 1860 he was married to Emma Will- iams, a daughter of Garret Williams, of Per- ry county, but who came from Tennessee and settled in that county in. an early day. Mrs. Peckinpaugh died in. 1865, having borne one son, who preceded her to the "land of shadows" a few months. Mr. Peckinpaugh again married in 1874, to Miss Bettie Wilson, at Sweet Springs, Mo., a daughter of Thomas Worth Wilson, who was born in North Carolina in 1792. He was a man of prominence. His father, William Wilson, was made poor by the war of the Revolution, and Thomas was com- pelled to earn his own living, at the same time, through his own exertions, he received more than an ordinary education, having attended Washington College, in East Ten- nessee two years. He studied law and had a lucrative practice. Under the administration of President Van Buren he was appointed Indian Agent, and as such had charge of the removal of the Indians from Florida, Georgia, Alabama and Tennessee, to their reservation beyond the Mississippi. Mrs. Peckinpaugh still retains the certificate of his appointment, signed by President Van Buren. She also has the marriage certificate of her grand- father, William Wilson, which was issue 1 in 1779. Her great grandfather was kid- naped in his native country (Scotland), and brought to the province of North Car- olina, about 1725-30. Her father, Thomas W. Wilson, removed to Texas about 1 850, and ^as admitted to practice law in that State, but some years prior to his death, which occurred in October, 1862, he gave his attention to farming. Mrs. Peckinpaugh's mother's maiden was Catherine Calhoun Caldwell, whose father, William Caldwell, was a Revolutionary sol- dier. A price was set upon his head by the British during the struggle, for his strong principles of liberty; he was of Scotch- Irish descent. Mr. and Mrs. Peckinpaugh have two children, Winonah E. and Calhoun C, aged eleven and eight respectively. When Mr. P. commenced business ne en- gaged in farming, and then with his brother in a general store at Alton, Ind. At the close of the civil war he went into the lumber business. He is one of the pro- prietors of the Peckinpaugh, Harrison & Co.'s Mills, situated on the Ohio, near the mouth of the Little Blue river. It is one of the most extensive manufactories of the kind in the State. The novelty department is one of the largest, and turns out all the work of su ch an establishment. Mantels are built and all the material for finishing the finest houses. Mr. Peckinpaugh is a member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, and has a handsome and comfortable home in the suburbs of Alton. ELIJAH E. RICHARDSON, a merchant of Leavenworth, was born in Jefferson county, Ind., March 7, 1859, and is a son of John Richardson, who was born in But- ler county, Pa., removed to Indiana in 1855, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 61 and settled in Jefferson county, where he engaged extensively in farming. His moth- er, Margaret Martin, was also born in Butler county, Pa., when she was married to John Richardson, the father of Elijah E. John Richardson served in the regular army five years as a private soldier, and in the late civil war three years as captain in the Union army. Joseph Richardson, the grandfather of Elijah E., was a native of Butler county, Pa., and sattled in Jefferson county among the earliest settlers of that county. Elijah E., the subject of this sketch, was educated chiefly in the public schools of Jefferson county, where he was reared, attending Hartsville (Ind.) College one term, working on his father's farm meantime until 1883, when he removed to Crawford county, and traveled a circuit as a minister in the United Brethren Church of Christ, carry- ing on also a country store. In January, 1889, he sold out his store and entered into partnership with William Everdon in a general merchandise business in Leaven- worth, Ind. This he is now engaged in, and carrying an excellent stock, valued at $6,000. He still preaches for the United Brethren Church, of which he is a consist- ent and exemplary member. He married Bessie E. Everdon, July 23, 1885, a native of Crawford county, Ind. They have two children, viz : Lilly Jaue and Annie. Mr. Richardson's father is still living, resides in Jennings comity, and is a hale old gen- tleman. COL. GEORGE W. RIDDLE was .born in Crawford county, Ind., in 1832, and is a son of Jesse Riddle, a native of Maryland, who settled in Indiana in 1825. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. At the age of 22 he was married to Louisanna Wiseman, a daughter of David* Wiseman, a native of Kentucky, and whose people were among the early settlers of that State. They have eight living children, four boys and four girls. The subject served in the war, and rose to the rank of colonel. He was elected to the surveyor's office in 1854, and, with the ex- ception of the time he was in the war, he has held it ever since, and now in connec- tion with it he holds the office of real estate appraiser of land, and is one of the highly respected citizens of Crawford county. GEORGE W. ROBERTSON was born in Crawford county, Ind., June IS, 1842, and is a son of George W. and Sarah (Kintner) Robertson, the former a native of Kentucky, and a son of Daniel Robertson, of Virginia, who came to Kentucky in 1799 and to Indiana in 1820; the latter a daughter of John Kintner and a native of Washington couuty, Pa., whose family came to Indiana at a very early day. George W., the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. At the age of 18 he enlisted in Co. E, Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served for three years and seven months. At the end of three years he veteranized, and re- mained in the service until the close of the war, participating in all the battles in which his regiment engaged, the most im- portant of which were Perryville, Stone River, Hoover's Gap, Chickamauga, Look- out Mountain (the battle above the clouds) , siege of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and was with Sherman in his "march to the sea;" was present at the surrender of Gen. Joe John- ston. He saw the war in all its phases, was in many close places, but returned home without receiving the slightest wound. 62 CRAWFORD COUNTY Mr. Kobertson was married in 1865, November 7, to Miss Maria Martin, a daughter of Squire John Martin, who was born in Harrison county, his father being one of the earliest settlers of that county. Squire Martin was a justice of the peace for twenty-six years; was a consistent member of the Methodist Church, and a class-leader, and at the time of his death had been an official in that church for for- ty-one years. His wife, whose maiden name was Cassie Yates, survived him nine years. Her father, Eobert Yates, was an early settler in Crawford county, and a miller. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have had three children, viz : Cora A., Emma and Jesse. Cora married Marcus Benham, and lives at Woodsdale, Kan. ; Emma is at home, and Jesse died at the age of 11 months. Mr. Robertson is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and a prominent member of the G. A. R. He owns a com- fortable competence in the little town of Grantsburg, and at present is engaged in the hotel business. HENRY H. SELSER, M. D., was born in Meade county, Ky., December 7, 1851, and is a son of Harvey G. and Mary (Pop- ham) Selser, natives of Kentucky. Henry H., the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm and received an aca- demical education. He read medicine with Dr. Clarence J. Prentice, a son of the re- nowned George D. Prentice, formerly of the old Louisville Journal, now a part of the Courier-Journal. He graduated from the University of Louisville in March, 1875. In 1S77, he began practice at Leavenworth, where he has since remained, doing the largest practice of any physician of the place. From April, 1877, to Decem- ber, 1880, he was a partner of Dr. Harris. He was married June 4, 1888, to Amelia Benz, daughter of ex-Senator Benz, of Leavenworth. Dr. Selser is secretary of the County Board of Health, which position he has held since 1881, except the years 1883-84. He is a member of the K. of H. and Deputy Grand Dictator of the Leaven- worth Lodge. He is a member of the County Medical Society, and the year(l877) it was organized he was chosen its first president. GEORGE W. SLOAN is a native of this (Crawford) county, and was born July 6, 1841. He is a son of James G. and Martha (Sands) Sloan; the latter was born in Kentucky, November 7, 1807, and came to Crawford county, with his parents, when bat nine years of age. The elder Sloan (James G.) was born near Raleigh, N. C, February 20, 1800, and when but six years old moved with his parents to Kentucky, where they lived until 1819, when they re- moved to Indiana, and settled in Crawford county. James G. was a man of some prominence in local politics, and was elected to the Legislature from Crawford county in 1840, by the Whig party. He held the office of justice of the peace for a number of years, also that of County Com- missioner. George W. had the experience in his young days of country lads generally. He was reared on the . farm and educated in the common schools. When the civil war broke out in 1861, he enlisted in Co. F, Forty-ninth Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, and served to the close of the war. He was married November 5, 1871, to Miss Sarah A. Dooley, of this county. They have five children living, viz : Will- iam W., James 0., Lee Elwood (deceased), Sophia Ann, John G. and Archibald. He is a member of the Masonic order. He owns a good farm. In 1S67 he went into SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 63 partnership in a store at English, with R. L. Sloan, which he continued until 1S73, when he withdrew and returned to his farm. DR. LEWIS B. STEWART, of Marengo, Crawford county, State of Indiana, was born December 22, 1819, on the farm where the said town of Marengo was afterward laid out in 1838, and has lived here ever since. Received a limited education in the crude and common sub- scription schools of the country. In 1837 married to Cynthia A. Weathers ; to whom was born nine children — six boys and three girls — James C, Chloe A., Virgil A., Mar- tha A., Richard D., Charles L., Millard E., Mary F., Oscar H. ; the latter is now a Homoeopathic physician. Dr. Stewart's occupation has been mixed : Farmer, mechanic, doctor, miller, merchant, justice, two terms ; Notary, two terms ; post- master, twice, merchant, twice ; has been a member of the Church of Christ for fifty years, and an elder in same for thirty years ; was a soldier in the late Rebellion, was on active duty seven and half months, acting as first-lieu- tenant ; belongs to the G. A. R. ; was for the Union then, now and forever ; Republican in politics. His wife died November, 1885. He was married to Lizzie Paterson in 1886, who is now his wife. His father, David Stewart, was born in North Carolina, July, 1775 ; was married to Anna Sloan in 1799. Moved and settled in Georgia for five years ; then moved and settled in Kentucky, 1804; and in 1813 moved and settled on the site where the town Marengo now is and when the State was a Territory and was almost a wilderness. He lived here until November, 1854, when he died in his eightieth year. Anna Stewart's, his wife, death preceded his in 184G; in 1847 he married Elizabeth Springer, who sur- vived him. He was one of pioneer settlers of this country ; was a farmer, blacksmith and Christian minister, and held some prominent offices in Crawford county, to- wit : Associate and Probate Judge, and Representative to the State Legislature and presided over the first Whig convention ever held in the county in 1840. He had a father and two brothers in the Rev- olution, and to him and Anna Stewart were born nine children, seven boys and two daughters, as follows : John, James, Da- vid G., May, Eli, Samuel M., Martin T. Martha A. and Dr. Lewis B , two of whom were physicians, two Christian ministers. Three of the family still survive. — S. M., M. T. and L. B. ARTHUR E. STEWART, Treasurer of Crawford county, was born in Marengo, Dec. 16, 1859, and is a son of William M. and Catharine (Watts) Stewart, natives of Floyd and Crawford counties respectively. The former resides at Marengo, and is a farmer. Samuel M. Stewart, the grand- father of Arthur E., came from one of the Carolinas and settled here early. His father, David Stewart, was one of the earliest set- tlers in Crawford county, and laid out the town of Marengo. Arthur E., the subject of this sketch, was reared in the town of Marengo and educated at the Marengo College. He be- gan life as a dry-goods clerk, which he continued for five or six years. In the fall of 1886 ho was elected Treasurer of the county on the Republican ticket, by 135 majority, when the county was actually 300 Democratic, which demonstrates his general popularity. He was re-elected in 18S8 by 155 majority. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and an exemplary citizen. 64 CRAWFORD COUNTY. JAMES L. TEMPLE, of Temple, Ind., was born in Crawford county, June 10, 1818, and is a son of Caleb and Lettie (Osborne) Temple, tbe latter a native of North Carolina. Caleb Temple was also a native of North Carolina, born in 1794, and was a farmer. He was an early settler in the county, and died in 1859. James L., the subject, was raised on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. He has followed farming, trading, and saw- milling through his life. He now owns between 1,500 and 1,600 acres of land in Crawford county, and 320 acres in Kansas. He was married in 1863 to Miss Annie S. V. Hughes, of Crawford county, a daugh- ter of Anamas and Mary (Craig) Hughes. They have two children living, Alphonsa and Clara Bell. He has a saw-mill at Temple, worth $2,000. He laid Temple Station, on the Air Line railroad, which bears his name. JOHN H. WEATHERS, a native of Orange county, Ind., was bom April 28, 1860, and is a son of James and Sarah (Ellis) Weathers, natives, the former of Crawford and the latter of Floyd county. Richard Weathers, the great-grandfather of John H., was born in North Carolina, and settled very early in Indiana, among the first settlers of his county. He served in the Indian wars of the early period, and was one of that hardy race of pioneers who fought to clear the country of the sav- ages and make it a pleasant home for the whites. The family is of Scotch descent. James M. Weathers, the father of John H., enlisted in the One hundred and forty- fourth Indiana Vol. Infantry, and went to the field with his regiment, remaining in active service until the close of the war. He is a carpenter by trade. The subject was educated at Marengo Academy and at New Albany. He first engaged in teaching school, then studied law. When admitted to the bar he entered the office of Peckinpaugh & Zenor in 1883. When Judge Zenor was elected judge Mr. Weathers was admitted to the partnership with Major N. R. Peckinpaugh in 1885. He married Miss Nattie Holcroft, of Meade county, Ky., in November, 1888. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fel- lows fraternities ; is senior warden in the Masonic lodge and secretary in the Odd Fellows lodge. He takes an active part in politics, and is the chairman of the Repub- lican central committee of Crawford county. PLOYD COUNTY FEED AILEE was bom in Baden, Ger- many, in 1822, and is a son of Dennis and Barbara Ailer, natives of tbat country. Tbey came to America wben Fred was seven years old and located in Baltimore, when be (Fred's father) worked on a rail- road at fifty cents a day. Two years later tbey moved to another part of the State and he engaged in the lumber business, which he followed for three years, when he went to the Alleghany mountains and kept a boarding house for a year and a half. He then removed to Ohio, where he lived two years ; then came to Floyd county, Ind., and kept a boarding house on the Paoli Pike, near Mooresville ; then moved on a farm in Daviess county, near Washington ; from there he went to Celestine, Dubois county, where he kept a grocery and was squire. He died in 1845, while holding that position. Fred went to the Mexican war with Lieutenant Colonel C. C. Knafe of the First Regiment of Indiana. In 13-17 he returned from there to his home in New Albany, where he has been ever since en- gaged in contract work. He was married January 9, 18-17, to Nancy A. Brands, daughter of Tobias and Violet (MacFarland) Brands, of this county. They have one child, adopted, — Hattie, wife of Edward C. Burton, of Indianapolis. He is a Democrat and a member of the Catholic Church. STEPHEN J. ALEXANDER was born in York county, Pa., Feb. 10, 1812. His father, Robert Alexander, was a native of Penn- sylvania, belonging to an old Scotch family. His mother, Elizabeth McKinley, was also a native of York county, Pa. When the subject of this sketch was only ten years old, his parents removed to Belmont county, Ohio, where he was edu- cated in the common schools until old enough to enter upon the study of medi- cine, in which he graduated with honor in 1839, and took up his residence in Cler- mont county, Ohio, where he practiced his profession with success until 1853, when he located at New Albany, where he has since resided, and where he stands in the front rank of his profession, with a large practice as evidence of his ability and success as a physician. During the war he ranked high as a hospital surgeon, in which capacity he served, during its continuance, in the hos- pitals at New Albany. He is now, and has been for a number of years, a member of the board of ex- amining surgeons of pensions, and whether as a private practitioner or in the responsi- . ble positions he has held under the Govern- ment, he has honored his profession by his skill and fidelity to duty. Dr. Alexander has been three times married, and ten children were born to him of these marriages. For forty years he has been a member of the Masonic Fra- ternity. In all the relations of his life he has been an honored citizen, and his pro- fessional career has won for him an honor- able position among his medical brethren. 66 FLOYD COUNTY JACOB ANTHONY (deceased) was born in Paris, Ky., March 25, 1799, died in New Albany January 5, 1878. He came to New Albany about the year 1820. Was married to Sarah Ann Marsh July 21, 1822. He was a business man, being at one time a dry goods merchant, also in the grocery business,liverystable,etc. He served two terms as sheriff of the county, one term in the Legislature, and was collector of customs at this port under both admin- istrations of Lincoln and both terms of Grant, holding the office up to the time of his death, when the office was abolished. He left six children. He married Sarah A. Marsh, a daughter of Samuel Marsh. She was born in Mid- dletown, N. J., August 4, 1805. They moved from New York City to New Albany in September, 1814, where she has resided ever since — ■coming out from New York in wagons to Cincinnati, from Cincinnati to New Albany in flatboats. New Albany was at this time a very small village of log cabins. Mrs. Anthony is supposed to be the oldest living resident in New Albany at this time. Her father, Samuel C. Marsh, was born in Amboy, N. J., May 16, 1777, and died in New Albany December 21, 1858. He came to New Albany in September, 1814, and was engaged in boat building until disabled by age. Her mother was Martha Seabrook, bora in Middletown, N. J., April 27, 1 787 ; died in New Albany April 12, 1878. JAMES P. APPLEGATE was born in Jeffersonville, September 29, 1838. His grandfather, Aaron Applegate, came to Indiana in 1S06. His great-grandfather was a soldier in the Eevolutionary army and also in the "Whisky Eebellion," and for forty years afterward a Hardshell Baptist preacher. Mr. Applegate was educated in part in the common schools and spent three years in Indiana University. He read law and was admitted to the bar. He was two terms Becorder of Clark county, and for the past sixteen years has been one of the editors and proprietors of the New Albany Ledger. Mr. Applegate is the present member of the Indiana House of Bepresentatives for the district composed of Clark, Floyd and Jefferson counties, and is an active and use- ful member of that body. WILLIAM B. ATKINS was born in Lafayette township, Floyd county, Ind., May 23, 1844. His parents, John A. and Emma (Jackson) Atkins, were natives of the same township. His grandfather, Har- vey Atkins, was a native of Nelson coun- ty, Ky., and was one among the early set- tlers of Floyd county, coming into it while Indiana was a territory; and his grand- parents on his father's side, John and Nancy Chew, came into the county in 1S10, being the first settlers in Lafayette town- ship, and the family still reside in the county. William B. Atkins was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the schools of the county. In 1862, at the age of 18 years, he enlisted in Co. C, Eighty-first Indiana Infantry, Col. W. W. Caldwell, of Jeffersonville, command- ing, serving to the close of the war in 1865. During the term of his enlistment he was not absent from his regiment a single day, taking part in every skirmish and in every battle, bearing himself bravely, and escap- ing unhurt. On his return from the army, he began his former occupation of farming. In 1876 he was elected trustee of Lafayette township, serving four years. In 18S0, he was elected commissioner of Floyd county, in which office he served four years. In SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 67 1884 he was elected county treasurer of Floyd county, and re-elected in 1886. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, taking an active interest in the organization. In 1866 he was united in marriage with Miss Hannah Mitchell, a native of Floyd county. Three children have blessed the marriage, all of whom are living. The public service of the county never had a more upright official. ISAAC M. BAKER was born in Floyd county, Ind., March 8, 1825, and is a son of Benjamin and Margeret (Miller) Baker; the former came from Virginia to Indiana in 1813, the latter also came from Vir- ginia about the same time both were of German origin. Isaac M. was brought up on the farm, and learning beside, the trade of a cooper, a business he worked at for thirty years. He was married in 1 849 to Miss Mary M. Wolf, a daughter of David and Mary (Utz) Wolf ; the former was a native of Kentucky, and came, with his parents, to Indiana about 1807, and farmed in Floyd county for many years ; the latter came originally from Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Baker are the parents of twelve children, as follows : Louisanna, Hester Ann, Maggie, Ettie, SaUy, Clay, Clara E., David, Jennie, Alta, Rosetthia and Isaac, of whom, Louisanna, Maggie and Sally are dead. Those living are all mar- ried except the three youngest, and have homes and families of their own, and all live in Floyd county, except Hester, who married a Mr. Beard and lives in Illinois. Mr. Baker retired from the coopering business, bought a farm, and since has de- voted his time to tilling the soil. He owns fifty acres of well improved and productive land in Floyd county, which is well adapt- ed to small fruits. Mr. Baker is a member of the United Brethren Church, and, as common to that sect, is opposed to all secret orders. JOHN F. BAKER was born at New Albany, Ind., May 22, 1850. He is a son of John B. Baker and Jane D. (Crump) Baker. His father was born in Belgium, in 1826; came to the United States in 1832, locating at Louisville, Ky., and removing to New Albany, Ind., in 1848, where he en- gaged in farming until 1853, when he began the trade of steamboat building. John F. Baker's mother is a daughter of Thomas Crump. She was born in Hart county, Ky., coming with her father and family to New Albany, where he followed the occupation of a carpenter. John F. Baker, after attending the public schools of New Albany, in 1868 appren- ticed himself to the cigar manufacturers, Jacob West and Wm. Laughman, then doing business in New Albany. Serving his ap- prenticeship, he went to Louisville, Ky., and worked in the factories of Jacob Schmidt, Lapold Bros, and John Homyre, whose were then the leading cigar factories in the city. Returning to New Albany, he assumed the superintendency of James H. Draper's factory and retail store. This was in March, 1872. He subsequently went to Owensboro, Ky., and again went to work as a journeyman in the factory of Mr. Adolph Helmke, in whose employment he soon was promoted to the position of con- fidential clerk and business manager in the manufacturing, wholesale and retail depart- ments of that establishment. This position he held until October, 1S76, when he again returned to New Albany, and engaged in 68 FLOYD COUNTY the manufacturing and wholesale and retail cigar trade. While he was engaged in this business he employed a greater number of workmen than any other cigar factory in the city. In August, 1884, he sold out to Caspar Feiock, but continued to superintend the business for that gentleman until March, 18S5, when he embarked in the saloon business at No. 100 Pearl street, known as the Centennial saloon. Mr. Baker is con- nected with the Mammoth Insurance Agency, which does a general insurance in life, fire and accident risks. In 1873, September 10, Mr. Baker was married to Miss Mary E. Grouse, daughter of Clemence Grouse, of Owensboro, Ky., and was born in Germany. Two boys and one girl have been born to the marriage, Walter E. and Arthur L. being born in Owensfcoro, Ky., and Gertrude 0. in New Albany, Ind. He is an encampment member of the I. 0. O. F., a member of the endowment rank Knights of Pythias and a past junior sagamore of the Independent Order of Bed Men, president of the Brewer and Liquor Dealers' Association, also president of the Democratic Union Club of New Albany. VALENTINE BECHT, general agent for pianos and organs, New Albany, was born in Germany February 11, 1828. He came to the United States July 19, 1853, and to New Albany in 1800. Here he was first engaged in teaching Catholic schools for five years ; he then abandoned teaching Cathohc schools, and turned his attention to teaching music. In 1878 he was appointed to his present position, and is probably one of the most suc- cessful and well and favorably known piano and organ agents as there is in the State. Mr. Becht was educated at the University of Speier, the ancient Emperor city of Ger- many. On leaving the University he taught Catholic schools in his native country for twelve years, and eleven years he taught in this country. Mr. Becht is a member of the Catholic Church. He is a composer of music of considerable reputation. THOMAS BEDDOW, manufacturer of fine violins, violas, violoncellos, etc., and repairer of fine violins, corner of State and Main streets, New Albany, Ind., was bom in Staffordshire, England, August 20,1840, and came to America in 1867, locating at Youngstown, Ohio, whence, after a brief residence, he went to East Liverpool, Ohio, where for five years he was engaged in the manufacture of fire brick and terra cotta. Selling out this business, he removed to New Albany, Ind., in 1873, and engaged in the liquor business, in connection with his musical instrument factory. He keeps a full line of these fine instruments, selling them both in America and Europe. In 1865 he was married, in England, to Miss Elizabeth Fereday, of Staffordshire. Four children survive to bless the marriage : Florence E., Minnie L., Alice E. and Will- iam F. He is a member of the Independ- ent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Honor. FRANK BELVIY, a native of France, was born May 13, 184S, and with his mother came to the United States in 1851 locating at New Albany. He attended the schools of New Albany. In 1873 he engaged in the grocery business at Sycamore and Sixth streets, which he continued eight years in connection with the commission business. In 1880 he discontinued the grocery trade and engaged extensively in the produce, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 69 grain and fruit commission business, which he continues to push with enterprise at Nos. 14 and hi on Spring street, opposite the Federal building. He was married in 1872 to Miss Mary S. Broecker, daughter of Conrad Broecker, of New Albany. They have seven children : Lizzie, Annie, Frank, Joseph, Martin and Gustave. He is a member of the German Benevo- lent Society, St. Joseph Benevolent Society, the Catholic Knights of America and the Catholic Church. As a business man he has been eminently successful, and is very popular. He is the son of Martin Belviy and Elizabeth Fouge- rouse, both natives of France. His father died in 1852. His mother crossed the ocean five times, between France and America. His father and mother first came to Penn- sylvania about 1820, before there were any railroads or any turnpikes in the country, and had to travel in wagons. They re- mained for a number of years and then re- turned to France, with the intention of making that sunny land their home ; but on the death of the father, in 1852, the family returned to New Albany. His mother died here in 1874, at the age of 67. They were among the first settlers of New Albany, having come here from Penn- sylvania. There were but few houses and no public improvements, railroads or turn- pikes in the country at this time. DONALD D. BLANCHARD was born at Louisville, Ky., October 14, 1863, and has been a resident of New Albany since 1866. He graduated from the High School and from the New Albany Commercial College. His father, John L. Blanchard, a native of Kentucky, was for many years engaged in the clothing business at Louisville, but at the date of his death in 1870, and for some time previous, held a high position at the New Albany Bail Mill. His mother was Sallie H. McDonald, daughter of the late Hon. John S. McDon- ald, of New Albany, a wealthy banker and pork packer, and widely known capitahst. After his graduation, Mr. Blanchard took a clerical position in the office, at Louis- ville, of the L. & N. B. B. Co., but afterward returned to New Albany and entered the office of the DePauw American Plate Glass Works. In 1880 he engaged in the coal business, which he still continues on Bank street, between Main and Water. He is a leading operator in the coal trade, having by energy and enterprise built up a large business, dealing in Pittsburg, anthracite, Connells- ville coke and Blossburg smithing coals. PEOF. W. W. BOBDEN was born at New Providence, Clark county, Ind., August 18, 1823. His father was John Borden, who was born at Portsmouth, R. I., in Novem- ber, 1785, and came to Indiana in 1818, settling in Clark county, and laying off the town of New Providence, where he died November 7, 1824. He was the superinten- dent of the first cotton mill at Fall River, Mass. After coming to Indiana he followed the occupations of fanning and mercantile business. Prof. Borden's mother was Lydia Bellows, born in town of Preston, New Lon- don county, Conn. She was a woman of marked individuality, and she was men- tally fitted to become, as she did, one of the pioneer mothers of Indiana, — managing a farm and keeping an inn, thus educating her sons, William and John. Prof. Borden was reared at New Providence. After en- joying such advantages as the schools of 70 FLOYD COUNTY his native town afforded, he entered an academy at Salem, Ind., taught by John I. Morrison, a noted teacher of the times. He next entered the State University at Bloom - ington, where he remained some time. After leaving college he returned to his home, where for thirty years he engaged in farming, owning one among the finest farms in Southern Indiana, at New Provi- dence. Prof. Borden's superior acquirements in geology and the other sciences, which were self-taught while at work on the farm, gave him honorable rank among the scientific men of Indiana, and State Geologist Cox called him to his assistance in making the geological survey of the State in 1873. In this capacity Prof. Borden made an ex- haustive and invaluable survey of a num- ber of the counties of Southern Indiana, which are embodied in the report of State Geologist Cox and are standard authority in the geology of the State. In July, 1878, he went to Leadville, Col., and engaged in mining and mining engineering. He was among the first of those who went to Leadville, and was a leading spirit in the discovery and develop- ment of the rich mines of that famous lo- cality. He made an independent fortune by his operations and the sale of his mining interests within the period of one and one- half years. On his return home he determined to carry out a noble object he long had at heart, — the founding of an educational establishment for his native town, that should take rank among the leading col- leges of the West, a practical and thor- ough school for young men and young women, including a thorough business course. This laudable and noble ambition has been realized in Borden Institute. The corner-stone of this new institution of learn- ing was laid with imposing ceremonies, at New Providence, on September G, 1884, and the fine building was dedicated to the purposes for which it was erected, on July 4, 1885. The dedicatory addresses were delivered by Prof. W. H. Venable, of the Chickering Institute, Cincinnati, and Gov. Will Cumback, of Greensburg, Ind., both speakers being noted men in scientific and literary circles. The main building, 5 5x6 5 feet, and three stories high, built of brick, is an elegant one in architectural design and finish. Attached to the Institute is a commodious dormitory for boarding students. The founder has supplied every depart- ment of Borden Institute with apparatus of the finest and most expensive character ; has furnished a Geological cabinet not excelled in the State ; has collected a li- brary containing the best standard works in all departments of literature, science, history and art; has erected a build- ing and beautified it, which is a model of excellence and convenience. All these facilities he has secured regardless of ex- pense, and he has provided the Institute with a faculty of the ablest and best edu- cators, including the best teachers in mu- sic, piano, organ, and voice culture. The curriculum of Borden Institute em- braces all the branches of higher education taught in the best colleges, including also the normal school for teachers and the business college for young men and wo- men. Prof. Borden has made the library of Borden Institute one among the best in West. This Institute is only one of Prof. Bor- den's many charities. He has given most liberally in aid of churches, other educa- tional institutions, moral movements and other enterprises having in view the bet- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 71 tering of the mental, moral, physical and material conditions of his fellow-men. At New Providence, Prof. Borden owns a magnificent farm of nearly 2,000 acres, upon which he passes a large portion of his time when not traveling. In New Al- bany he owns and occupies one of most ele- gant homes in that city of beautiful resi- dences. He is also a large owner of real estate is Washington Territory and else- where in the rapidly developing portions of the Great West and on the Pacific Slope. He comes from English and Quaker an- cestors, and inherits the sterling integrity that is a characteristic of the Friends. He is, withal, a man of great public spirit, of generous liberality to the worthy poor and afflicted, and has loved to bless those among whom his home is located. Prof. Borden was married in November, 1884, to Miss Emma Dunbar, of New Al- bany, Ind., a lady of rare accomplishments. They have no children. He is a member of the Baptist Church, and takes a great interest in the work of the church and Sunday-school. He is famed as a geologist and scientist, and his geological, mineralogical, and natural his- tory cabinets and his private library are among the largest and best in Indiana. He is a liberal contributor to the current literature and science of the times. CAPT. JOSHUA BBAGDON, a native of Maine, was born June 6, 1806. When quite a young man he left his native State and made his home at Mobile, Ala., where he became largely interested in the ship- ping interests, owning one or two vessels on the Atlantic and several steamboats on the Southern rivers and lakes. During the summer months he would come to New Albany ami superintend the building of steamboats, which he would take South in the fall. In 1849 Capt. Bragdon was united in marriage, at New Albany, to Miss Mary Louise Fitch, a daughter of Mason C. Fitch, Esq. He was a Union man, and during the Rebellion his property in the South was confiscated by the Confederate Govern- ment, involving him in serious losses. After the war closed he invested in the New Albany Bail Mill, now owned by the heirs of W. C. DePauw, deceased, continu- ing in the business until his death in Jan- uary, 1875. He left a wife and four chil- dren, as follows : Marshall Leighton, Clara Kimball, Mary Louise and Anna Maria. Capt. Bragdon was a conscientious and consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, a kind husband and a devoted father. He took great interest in the in- dustries and other material enterprises of New Albany, and died respected and hon- ored by all the people of the city. Mrs. Bragdon's father, Mason Coggs- well Fitch, was born at Williamstown, Mass., June 28, 1797. He graduated from Williams College, his father being the first president of that institution. While a young man he came to New Albany and read law with Judge Dewey, of Charles- town, Ind., and on being admitted to the bar opened an office in New Albany and practiced his profession. He was elected president of the New Albany Branch of the State Bank of Indi- ana, and twice a year had to carry all the money of the bank to Indianapolis to the mother bank. He superintended the erection of the Bank building, now occupied by the First National Bank of New Albany, and in that early day it ranked among the finest build- ings in Indiana. He was an elder in the 72 FLOYD COUNTY First Presbyterian Church, and died No- vember 29, 1848, leaving a wife and three children. His wife, Anna M. Paxton, lived until November 8, 1886. JAMES F. BROTHERS, dealer in agri- cultural implements, garden, field and flower seeds and fertilizers, was born March 28, 1838, in Orange county, Ind. His father, Wilson Brothers, was born in North Carolina in 1775, being a pio- neer settler and Methodist of that county. His mother, Sarah Lewis, was a native of Indiana, and died at the home in Orange county in 1840, at the age of CO years. Wilson Brothers lived to the age of *J0 years, dying at the residence of his son Henry, at Reynolds, White county, Ind., in 1805. He was a man distin- guished through life for his robust health, integrity of character and devoted religious life. James F. Brothers, after receiving a public school education, was united in marriage in 1858 to Miss Rosalie Beswick, daughter of Thomas and Sallie H. Bes- wick, in Harrison county, Ind. In 186 1 he enlistedinCo.G,T\venty-fourth Indiana Infantry, Col. Alvin P. Hovey, and was in the campaign through Western Missouri with his regiment, fighting at Fort Donnelson and Fort Henry. From Fort Henry he was sent to an army hospi- tal at Cincinnati, and was, with other Indi- ana soldiers who were broken in health, ordered home by Governor Morton. His health improving, he returned to the army in time to take part in the great bat- tle at Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing. Again he had to be sent to the hospital at Keo- kuk, la. Here his health failed so that he had to be transferred to St. Louis and then sent home, being honorably mustered out. He came to New Albany in 1866 and engaged in real estate, buying, building and selling houses. In 1874 he engaged in the notion business, continuing it until 1880, when he engaged in his present busi- ness, which he has built up to the largest proportions. He is a member of the M. E. Church and also of the I. 0. 0. F. JAMES BROWN, born April 3, 1842, at Aurora, Ind., and is the son of James Brown and Bettie Cox, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Pennsylvania, and both pioneers of Indiana. He enjoyed the advantages of a public-school education till he was eleven years old, and then went on the river, running on boats between Au- rora and New Orleans, the male relatives being nearly all river men. He was at New Orleans, and left that city on the day Fort Sumter surrendered, April 14, 1861, and on arriving at home, April 20, 1861, he enlisted in the 7th Indiana Infantry, in the three months' service, and went to West Virginia, where he fought at Cheat Moun- tain, the first battle of any importance of the war, in which the Rebel General Garnett was killed. Serving out his term of enlist- ment he returned home, and on Dec. 16, 1861, enlisted for three years in the 52d Indiana Infantry. He served this term and was again honorably discharged and returned home, but again re-enlisted, and was finally discharged October 18, 1865, having been badly wounded in the battle at Nashville. He was in the battle at Fort Donnelson and many other severe engage- ments. He was married in 1868 to Miss Maggie Parsons, of New Albany, who died in 1870, leaving one child, Lillie. He married a second time to Mrs. Kate Lewis, who has a daughter — Lena Lewis, and to this marriage has been born Mary and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 73 Maggie Brown. After returning from the war Mr. Brown was employed at the Glass Works, where he remained until May, 1887, when he was elected sexton of the city cemetery, which office he now most accept- ably fills. Few soldiers have a better record than private James Brown. He served efficiently for one year on the New Albany police force. PEOF. JAMES BROWN, marble dealer, corner State and Elm streets, New Albany, Ind. Born in Ireland, Feb. 24, 1830. Came to this country at a very early age. Learned the monumental and marble grave- stone business in Baltimore, Md. ; emi- grated to New Albany in 1852. Married Miss Ellen Wheelan, at Cincin- nati, Ohio, in 1855, by whom he had eight children, two of whom are dead and the following are still living: John C, William J., Mary, Annie E., James and Charles A., who, with himself, are members of the Catholic Church. Commenced the marble business in New Albany in 1856, and since then has done a very extensive business at home, and by agency throughout the South. He keeps a large number of finished Italian and Amer- ican marble grave-stones and monuments, and Scotch and American granite monu- ments, and for beauty of sculpture, orna- mental carving and lettering, cannot be surpassed. The Professor is also by nature a poet ; and had he turned his mind and attention in that direction he would have held a fair position among the ablest poets. He has written several beautiful poems ; a few of which are : "I Never Found a Friend," "Destruction of thePhcenix Mill," "Ben Fury," "The Vision," "Justice," "There is a God," "Skepticism," "The Humble Grave," "Happiness and Content- ment," "A Shoemaker's Epitaph," "The Farmer," "What I Love and Admire," "The Murdered Man, or the Drunkard's Fate," and "Wants of Woman," the latter a poem of great merit. DR. WILLIAM A. BURNEY, born in Wayne county, Ind., May 11, 1846, was reared in Indiana, and learned the trade of plasterer. In 1864, at Indianapolis, he enlisted in the Twenty-eighth U. S. C. Volunteers as a private, and continued in the service till June 24, T865, when he was honorably dis- charged. Returning home, he remained there but a short time, starting to Canada September 8, 1865, where he worked in a grocery store, remaining till 1867, and at- tending school in the winter. Returning home he worked at his trade as a plasterer. In 1868, he went to Kansas City, where he remained a short time, working at his trade. All this time he had been attend- ing school through the winter, and was a diligent student. He graduated from the Central School at Buffalo, N. Y., in 1868. He read medicine under Dr. S. S. Boyd, at Dublin, Wayne county, Ind., and graduated from the Long Island Hospital College of Medicine in 1876. His rudimentary education was ac- quired in the public schools of Wayne county, Ind., and as opportunity afforded and his means justified, he attended medi- cal schools until he was financially able to enter upon his last course at Long Island Hospital College of Medicine. In the fall of 1877, Dr. Burney located at New Albany, Ind., and commenced the practice of medicine. By his universally acknowledged skill as a physician and surgeon Dr. Burney has 74 FLOYD COUNTY built tip a very large and profitable prac- tice, having as his patrons many of the best families of the city, and being often called to adjoining counties in difficult cases of surgery and severe cases of illness, particularly those of a chronic character. He is the owner of fine real estate, hav- ing in 1888 erected an elegant office and residence. He is unmarried. In 1886 he was elected a member of the city Board of Health. He became a mem- ber of the Floyd County Medical Society in 1S80. In 1884 he was elected vice-presi- dent of the society and became president through the death of the regularly elected president. He has been engaged in the publication and editing of two newspapers published in the interest of the colored race, the New Albany Review, at New Albany, Ind., and the Ohio Falls Express, published at Louis- ville, Ky. He is also a contributor to sev- eral leading newspapers and medical journals. He was, in 1884, appointed assistant honorary commissioner for the State of Indiana by the Board of Management of the World's Industrial and Cotton Centen- nial Exposition at New Orleans, on the recommendation of Hon. B. K. Bruce, chief of the department of colored exhibits, and served most acceptably and with honor to his State. While Dr. Burney is a colored man, he enjoys in an eminent de-. gree the respect and confidence of the white people of New Albany and Floyd county, and numbers among his personal friends and patrons very many of the best white citizens and families. He is a practical and splendid example of what education and integrity of charac- ter will do for the colored race. MAJOB THOMAS CLARK was born in New Albany, Ind., December 29, 1837, and was reared and educated in that city, where he now resides. At the age of 17 he was apprenticed at the L., N. A. & C. machine shops, to learn locomotive boiler building, serving three years. Before the war he was captain of the National Zouaves, one of the best drilled companies in Indiana, and whose parades and drills created great excitement. At the breaking out of the war he recruited a company and joined the Twenty-third Indiana Infantry, serving three years, and being in all the engagements of that famous regiment until detached and placed upon the staff of Gen. W. Q. Gresham. He was severely wounded in the battle at Champion Hills in the Vicksburg cam- paign. At the expiration of his term of enlistment he was honorably discharged, and returned home and recruited another company, and joined the One Hundred and forty-fourth Indiana Infantry, of which he was commissioned major. He served in this regiment until the close of the war. His wound, disabling him from following his trade, he learned the trade of sheet iron worker, but this also he had to aban- don on account of his wound. He then engaged in blacksmithing, which he still follows as contracting blacksmith of the DePauw American Glass Works. He was marrried in 1859, to Miss Phoebe Curran, daughter of James Curran, of New Albany. Six children have been born to them, viz : William, Hettie L., George L., Maiden W., Mary R. and Pearl P. He is a son of William and Elizabeth (Pister) Clark, both natives of Philadelphia, who came to New Albany in 1819, when there were but a few houses in the town. /jr^isCAsLsi-^-^-' xj&£t^A^it^ SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 11 His father was a ship carpenter and a very prominent citizen, being mayor of the city from 1844 to 1847; he was also a member of the City Council for two years. He was extensively engaged in steamboat building, and operated a pump and block factory in connection with steamboat building. He was bom in 1797, and died in 1856. Maj. Clark's mother was born in 1799 and died in 1873, leaving three sons — Thomas, William and Joseph. William died July 13, 18S6. Joseph resides at Birmingham, Ala. Maj. Clark, in 1886, was the Re- publican candidate for the Legislature against Hon. Charles L. Jewett, Democrat, and although the county was Democratic by 1150 majority, Maj. Clark was defeated by but 275 votes, receiving the largest vote ever given a Republican in the county for that office. Major Clark is the patentee of the process for converting cast iron into steel, and has succeeded in forming a company in Louis- ville with a capital of $1,000,000, known as the Falls City Malleable Iron and Steel Works, located at Logan street and Bear- grass Creek. He is a superintendent of of the works, and they are now making edge-tools of all kinds. BENJAMIN F. CLINE, a native of Penn- sylvania, was born January 18, 1S35. He learned the trade of a carpenter in Phila- delphia, and coming West settled at New Al- bany in 1S4S, following his trade for some time, and then engaging in the grocery and produce business. In 1871 he sold out the grocery store and engaged in his present business, that of a large dealer in all kinds of lumber. Mr. Cline, who pos- sesses excellent business sagacity, found that his acquaintance with the carpenter trade was a great help to him in his lumber business, as it enables him to know just what his customers need, and gives him a thoroughly practical knowledge as to the quality of lumber and timber, and what is necessary to make up the material for a building, no matter of what size. Mr. Cline has always been enterprising as a business man and citizen. He has served, most acceptably, several terms as a mem- ber of the City Council. He has been twice married. In I860 to Miss Sallie A. Payne, of New Albany, who died the same year of her marriage. In 1864 he was the second time married, his wife being Miss Delia Lynn, of New Albany. Two children are the result of this marriage — Edward M. and Mabel. Mr. Cline is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and Knights of Pythias. He is a Presbyterian — a mem- ber of the Third Church. FREDERICK D. CONNOR was born in Perry county, Ind., February 17, 1841, and reared and educated in that county, attending the common schools and after- ward teaching school for two years. He gave up teaching when the war broke out, and enlisted, in 1862, in Co. K, 34-th Kentucky Volunteers, serving until the war ended, going in as a corporal and coming out in the same position. During the war he lost an eye from ty- phoid fever maltreatment. In 1865 he went into the Pension Office, at Indianap- olis, as a clerk under Col. John W. Ray, serving two years. He then went into the insurance business. He came to New Albany in 1870, and accepted the appointment of Deputy In- ternal Revenue Collector of the First Dis- trict, under Col. H. Woodbury, continuing in the same position under Gen. James C. Veatch after the consolidation of the First 78 FLOYD COUNTY and Second districts, and Maj. W. W. Car- ter, on consolidation of the First and Sev- enth districts, retiring on the election of President Cleveland. In 1884 he was appointed Traveling Auditor of the Lake Erie & St. Louis Rail- way, holding it until 1887, when he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the New Albany Forge and Rolling Mill, being a stockholder and director in the company. He was married in 1871 to Miss Hattie, daughter of Charles Sackett; two daugh- ters, Edna and Alma, being born to them. He is a member of the Masonic frater- nity of the K. T. degree, and a Past Grand Master for Indiana of the A. 0. U. W. and representative to the Supreme Lodge. He is a member of Wesley M. E. Church. He is the son of Tarrence Connor and Nancy Tate, both natives of Indiana, his father being a prominent farmer of Perry county at his death, at the age of 50, in 1859. His mother died at the age of 56, in 1880. He has three brothers and five sisters, as follows : John T., editor, Toledo, 111. ; Tarrence, book-keeper, Baxter Springs, Kan. ; George H., lawyer, Idaho, with whom Addie, a sister, lives ; Eliza J., wife of B. E. Scribner, farmer and stock-raiser, Putnam county, Ind. ; Mary C, wife of Win. Wilson, Roachdale, Ind. ; Emma, wife of Ransom Walls, U. S. mail agent, Greencastle, Ind., and Andro M., wife of Elijah T. Hawn, Leavenworth, Ind. EDWARD CRUMBO is a native of Prus- sia, Germany, and was born in 1841. He is a son of Henry and Willemina (Hebner) Crumbo, who came to the United States and settled in New Albany, Ind., in 1846. The former was a stone-cutter, and opened a quarry on the Knobs in 1S54, before the Bedford and Salem quarries were opened. He is still living in Tippecanoe county. In 1870 Mr. Crumbo was succeeded in business by his son, and retired from active work. He served two years in the Common Council and was a hard working, honest active member. He fought the Gas Com- pany on a new charter at their price. He was married February 5, 1861, to Phoebe Elizabeth Gardner, of Pulaski county, Ind. Nine children is the result of this marriage, four boys and five girls. He is a member of I. 0. O. F., K. of P., A. 0. U. W., Red Men, and German Benevolent Society. He has gone through the chairs of the So- ciety of the Red Men, and has been trustee for eight years ; has also passed through the chairs of the A. 0. U. W. In national elections he votes the Dem- ocratic ticket, but for local elections he votes for the best man. He built the court house at Salem, and a good many other public buildings, too numerous to mention. PERRY N. CURL was born in Morrow county, Ohio, January 30, 1S55, and was reared in Ohio until 22 years of age, when he located at New Albany, Ind. He at- tended the public schools of his native county and then graduated from the Com- mercial College at Delaware, Ohio. He was reared upon a farm. He located in New Albany in 1877, and engaged in the grocery trade with J. R. Droyer for a partner. Starting with a capi- tal of $700, the firm continued until 1880, when he purchased Mr. Droyer's interest. Since then he has pushed his business with great good judgment and untiring enter- prise, adding dry goods, boots and shoes, and a line of agricultural implements, and is doing both a wholesale and retail busi- ness to the extent of $125,000 yearly. He has purchased his store-house, a SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 79 large livery, sales and feed stable adjoining it, and owns a great deal of other real estate ; this is the result of his liberal and and energetic business methods. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias. In 1878 he was married to Miss Mary A. McKibben, of Morrow county, Ohio, and has two boys, Walter and Arthur. He is the son of William H. Curl and Eebecca John- son, both natives of Ohio. His mother died when he was nine years old. His father is still living, and resides at Cardington, Morrow county, Ohio. CHARLES A. DANZ, a native of New Albany, Ind., was born Dec. 9, 1859. His father, Andreas Danz, a native of Germany, came to America in 184:7, and located at New Albany, where he engaged in the man- ufacture of soap on an extensive scale, which business he continued till his death, which occurred in 1S77. His mother, Barbara Franck Danz, is the daughter of the late Capt. John P. Franck, one of the early settlers of the city, and one of its most enterprising and respected citizens, starting the first soap factory in the city, and commanding a company here during war of the Rebellion. He died at New Albany in 1864. Three children were born to Andreas Danz and Barbara Franck Danz, of whom Charles A. Danz is the only survivor. Charles A. Danz was educated in the public schools of New Albany, and graduated from the Commercial College of this city at the age of 17 years, taking charge of his father's large soap factory at his graduation, being a man of great busi- ness push and industry. In 1880 he engaged in the saloon business on Pearl street, which he continues at No. 113. He has been twice elected to the City Council from the Fourth Ward of the city, and is now serving his second term. He was married in 1880 to Miss Minnie Shea, of New Albany, daughter of John Shea, and has two children, Andreas and Anna. JOHN STEELE DAVIS (deceased), of New Albany, was born in Dayton, Ohio, November 14, 1814. His father, John Davis, was a merchant, and for many years magistrate of the county in which he re- sided. He married Elizabeth Calcier, of Princeton, N. J. He took an active part with General Wayne in the Indian war, after the defeat of General St. Clair. Judge Davis' grandfather,Capt. Joseph Davis, emi- grated from Wales, and settled near Prince- ton, N. J. He participated in the struggle for independence, and was with General Washington at the battles of Monmouth and Princeton ; at the latter place he lost a leg. John Steele Davis early gave his attention to study and entered Miami University at the age of 16; a short time afterward his father failed in business, which necessitated him to return home. He was now thrown upon his own resources for acquiring an education, and was obliged to assist in the support of his father and family. He after- ward read law with W. J. Thomas, of Troy, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar. He im- mediately came to Indiana, settled in New Albany in 1836, where shortly after his arrival he commenced the practice of law. As a counselor and jurist, few men can claim a higher record ; he was constantly engaged in his profession for a period of over forty years, and never prosecuted a man, nor allowed himself to be engaged to prosecute. He probably defended more men for high crimes and misdemeanors than any other man in the State, and was almost in- variably successful. He was the first city clerk of New Albany, having been elected in 1839, 80 FLOYD COUNTY and was chosen city attorney in 1846. In 1841 he was elected to the State Legislature for the first time, and later served his county repeatedly in both branches, about twenty years in all. He was elected with- out opposition, in 1876, judge of the crim- inal and civil courts of Floyd and Clark counties, an office he did not seek, and only accepted at the earnest solicitation of friends. Judge Davis was an ardent Whig until that party ceased to exist. He was violently opposed to "Know Nothingism," and for a long time stood aloof from parties, but finally united with the Democracy. In 1843 he was the Whig candidate for Congress against Thomas J. Henley, Democrat, and in a district overwhelmingly Democratic was defeated by only thirty-seven votes. He was presidential elector for President Taylor; and in 1852 was a member of the National Convention that nominated Gen- eral Scott for President. In 1860 Judge Davis was independent candidate for Con- gress against James A. Cravens, Democratic nominee, and was defeated by a very small majority. He was a warm supporter of the war for the Union, and had two sons in the war. The younger, John S. rose to the rank of captain, the other son, William P., to the rank of lieutenant-colonel in the Twenty-third Indiana Volunteers. Judge Davis' death occurred some nine years ago. HON. JOHN S. DAY, born in Floyd county, May, 20, 1842, son of Cook Day and Margaret Hanger. His father is a native of England, coming to New Albany, with his parents, in 1828, at the age of seven years, his father being the first ex- tensive pork packer in this city, and he, when old enough, engaged in the business with his father, Christopher Day, and sub- sequently for twenty years freight agent of the New Albany & Salem (L., N. A. & C.) Railroad, being among the earliest of the employes of that road. Margaret (Hanger) Day is the daughter of Frederick Hanger, a soldier of the War of 1812, and who in 1814 entered 160 acres of land six miles west of New Albany. She is a native of Floyd county, although her father was a Pennsylvanian. John S. Day was reared and educated at New Albany. At the age of 15 he com- menced life for himself as a messenger boy on the L., N. A. & C. Railroad; he was a good messenger boy and by a series of pro- motions he was sent to the front — from one grade to another — until in 1870 he had reached the position of general superin- tendent of the "Monon." In 1880 he built the Monon branch from Delphi, to Chicago ; prior to this time in 1865, he superintended the building of the J., M. & I. Railroad between New Albany and Jeffersonville, and was for three years agent of that line. After the completion of the "Monon" he retired from railroad service. In 1868 he was one of the originators and stockholders in the New Albany Steam Forge — now the New Albany Steam Forge Rolling-mill — which was first organized with $50,000 capital, and now has $175,- 000 capital, Mr. Charles Sackett being president. Mr. Day has also managed extensive lumber interests. He has not however been engaged in very active business dur- ing the last five years. . He was twice elected to the City Council from the second ward, and distinguished his terms in that body by his vigorous work in favor of municipal economy and honesty. In 1884 he was elected to the State Senate from the counties of Floyd and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 81 Washington, and was chairman of the com- mittee on Congressional and Senatorial Ap- portionment for the redistrictingof the State in 1884. In the session of 1886 he was chairman of the Committee on Railroads was on the Committee on Corporations, on Swamp Lands and Claims. He had served on all these committees in the session of 1884-5, and on the Committee on Banks and County and Township Business. He has been an Odd Fellow since in 1862. In 1866 he was married to Miss Mary A. Hangary, a native of Pennsylvania. Two sons and a daughter have born of this union ; all are living. JOHN DINKLE was born in Floyd county, Ind., Dec. 14, 1867, and WILLIAM DIN- KLE was born March 7, 1862. They are sons of Henry W. and Malinda (Bue) Dinkle, natives of Germany, who came to America some half a century ago. They came when sailing vessels were the mode of travel between the Old World and the New, and were six weeks in making the voyage. When Mrs. Dinkle's parents settled in Floyd county, there had been few improve- ments made in the face of the country. Hence the changes that have taken place since then are wonderful in the extreme. Their children were Lizzie, Malinda, Henry, Will- iam, John and Maggie. They all live in Floyd county. John and William Dinkle were brought up on their father's farm, and were educated in the common schools of the county. The Dinkle boys, as they are familiarly called, are young and intelligent men, and enterprising farmers. They are considerably interested in the culture of fruit, and their farm near Edwardsville is a model of neatness, and contains 38 acres in a high state of cultivation. They also own 95 acres in Georgetown township. They are fast accummulating wealth, and are among the most prosperous men of their neighborhood. NORTON B. DUNCAN was born in Floyd county, Ind., on the 23d of Novem- ber, 1835, and is a son of James T. and Kitty (Bateman) Duncan, the former born in Jefferson county, Ky., and the latter in Indiana. The Duncan family can be traced back to the Duncans of Westmore- land county, Va. The father of James T. was Charles Duncan, a son of Henry Dun- can, bom in Virginia, and whose father, Coleman Duncan, was one of the pioneers of Kentucky. He was a zealous Whig when that title was applied to the patriots in contradistinction to the Tories, during our Revolutionary period. He was a sol- dier in the war of the Revolution, and came to Kentucky about 1793. His father, Henry Duncan, was the first of the family born in America (born 1710, and died in 1790), and from him descended, directly or indirectly, the Braggs, Asburys, Browns, Lewises, Whites, Hutts, etc. His parents came from Scotland, where, as all who are familiar with Scottish history, know the family was not only one of prominence, but noble, with the blood of kings coursing in their veins. Duncans have even occu- pied the throne of Scotland. The subject of this sketch, Norton B. Duncan, was brought up on the farm, and received his education in the common schools of the county. He learned the tanning business, which he followed until 1866, when he sold out to his brother Charles. He then made a trip west as far as Iowa, where he remained three years ; then returned to In- diana. Later he removed to Illinois, but 82 FLOYD COUNTY still not satisfied he again came back to Indiana, and accepting the tradition that "a rolling stone gathers no moss," he set- tled down permanently where he now lives. In April, 185S, he was married to Miss Jennie Garrison, a daughter of Gamaliel and Priscilla (Daily) Garrison, the former a native of New Jersey, and who came to Indiana in a very early day. He was a surveyor and did much surveying in Floyd county, and lines and corners established by him are still considered indisputable. Priscilla Daily Garrison's family was of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Duncan have never had any children, but have raised two children, viz : William B. Hink- ley, now agent of the American Express Company at New Albany, and James Dun- can, from infancy to manhood. Mr. Dun- can has 5£ acres of highly improved land, and upon which he cultivates small fruit. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE W. FISHER is a native of Floyd county, Ind., and was born October 9, 1832. He is a son of Jacob and Jane (Thomas) Fisher, the former a native of Pennsylvania, but of German descent, and the latter a native of Virginia. Her fam- ily moved from there to Missouri when it was the frontier of civilization, and there most of them sickened and died. George W., the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools, his education being limited. In 1858 he was married to Miss Sarah E. Moser, born in 183S in Floyd county, and a daughter of John Moser and Mary (Betty) Moser, the latter a native of Tennessee. She is still living, at the age of 75 years. She had four sons in the late Civil War, all of whom are dead, except one. Mr. and Mrs. Fisher have had five children, viz: Catherine, born in 1859, married to George Jones, and lives in Texas; Alice M., born in 1861, and married to John Govern; Georgiana, married to William Capper, and lives in Edwardsville ; Horatio, born Sep- tember 11, 1866, and died at the age of five years, and Hatt:e B., still at home with her parents. Mr. Fisher enlisted in August, 1S62, in Co. A, Eighty-first Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, and participated in the following battles : Perryville, Edge- field, Murfreesboro, Chattanooga, Chicka- mauga, Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Moun- tain, Buzzard Roost and Atlanta. In 1864 he was transferred to Louisville, Ky., and placed on duty there, taking men from one point to another. May 26, 1865, he was mustered out of the service, and hon- orably discharged. CAPT. ANDREW FITE was born in Clark county, Ind., July 7, 1832, but was reared in Harrison county. He graduated from the Floyd County Seminary, at Green- ville, where he was an assistant teacher and where he received a certificate to teach. At the inauguration of the present school system of Indiana he began to teach, and continued as a teacher four years. In 1855 he commenced the business of a carpenter and joiner and house-building contractor, continuing at it till 1*62, when he enlisted as private in Co. C, Sixty-sixth Indiana Infantry. He was in the battle at Richmond, Ky., with his regiment. He marched with Sherman to the sea, through Georgia, North and South Carolina, Vir- ginia, and to Washington City, taking part in all the battles of that memorable and brilliant campaign, and was honorably mustered out at Washington City in June, 1865. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 83 Since the war he has been doing noble work for the Grand Army of the Republic. He organized Sanderson Post, No. 191, at New Albany, and about twenty Posts in other parts of Indiana. He was senior vice-department commander in 1886, and is now department inspector. He was pro- moted during the war to orderly sergeant and declined a promotion to a captaincy tendered him. In 1854 he married Miss Nancy Speake, of Floyd county, Ind., who died in 1857, leaving one child, which sur- vived but a short time. In 1S60 he mar- ried Miss Levinia Sappenfield, of Harrison county, Ind. They have no children. He is the son of John Fite, a native of Penn- sylvania, and Eliza Starr, a native of Kentucky. They came to New Albany in 1816, the year Indiana was made a State. The town then had but three business houses, one of these being the trunk of a large sycamore tree on the river bank, and there were not to exceed twenty residences. SHERMAN FRISBIEwas born at Mill- town, Crawford county, Ind., June 21, 1839. He was reared at Milltown until he was seventeen years old, when he was sent to the Bliss Academy, at New Albany, Ind., where he completed his education. After his graduation he secured a position as second clerk on a steamboat on which his brother Junius L. was chief clerk. He con- tinued as clerk on various steamboats for several years, running between Louisville and New Orleans. In 1864 he and his brother Junius L. purchased the steamboat Idaho, which they run in the Louisville, New Albany and New Orleans trade, selling this boat in 1865. He then quit the river and took the management of the large busi- ness of his father, who had removed from Milltown to New Albany. His manage- ment was so enterprising and well directed that the value of the large estate was greatly enhanced. He was a careful but public spirited businessman, always distinguished for his genial social traits, and had hosts of warm personal friends. He was mar- ried in 1864, to Miss Mary L. Thorp, of New Orleans, La. There were born to this marriage three children : Frank, Sher- man and Mary E. He died June 27, 1886. He was a member of the City Council from the Second Ward for two years. He was the son of Libbeus Frisbie and Martha Matthews. His father was a prominent and enterprising merchant and farmer of Mill- town, Crawford county, Ind., being one of the earliest settlers there. He was a na- tive of Connecticut. He was married at New Albany, Ind., in 1822, his wife being a native of New Jersey, but a resident of New Albany at the time of their marriage. They were honored in life for their many excellent traits, and sincerely mourned at their death. Both died at New Albany. CAPT. RICHARD F. FULLER was born in Jeffersonville, Ind., February 3, 1832, being a son of Major Charles and Cathe- rine A. (Stewart) Fuller. His father was a native of Boston, Mass., and came to Indiana as Major of the Fourth Massachusetts Regiment in 1811, and fought under Maj.-Gen. William Hen- ry Harrison in the battle at Tippecanoe, November 7, 1811. His mother, Cathe- rine Anstey Stewart, was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and was reared in the family of Major-General Harrison, and was one of the wives of officers taken prisoners at the surrender of General Hull. Her death occurred in 1867. At the close of the War of 1812,Major Fuller and wife were ordered toPittsfield,Mass., and was commander there 84 FLOYD COUNTY until the post was abandoned, whence they shortly after returned to Indiana, locating at Jeffersonville, where he died in 1839, leaving a wife and seven children, of whom the subject of this sketch, Capt. Richard F. Fuller, was the youngest. His mother died in Jeffersonville in 1867. Her companions in captivity at Hull's sur- render were the wife of Captain Bacon and the wife of Lieut. -Col. Gooding. Captain Fuller received his education in the public schools of Clark county, and at the age of 19 years commenced his career as a steamboat clerk on the Ohio and Missis- ippi rivers, which he continued for twenty- five years. During that period he was clerk on the steamers Alex Scott, T. C. Twitch- ell, E. H. Fairchild, in the Louisville and New Orleans trade, and captain of the steamers Luna, Ida Handy, Luminary and several others, thus making him one of the oldest of steamboatmen of the Falls Cities. Leaving the river he followed clerk- ing in New Albany and at Louisville, and book-keeping in both cities, having been Deputy Clerk of the city of New Albany, and book-keeper at the Merchants' National Bank of New Albany, New Albany Cotton Batting Factory, and filled other equally responsible positions. Captain Fuller was married in March, 1862, to Miss Dealie E. Bulkeley, of Louis- ville, Ky., and five children have blessed the union. Richard L., foreman in the carding department of the Batting Works ; Clarence B., clerk in the Bank of Commerce, Louisville ; Vivian, assistant of his brother Richard L. ; Jamie A. and Hannah B. J. F. GEBHART was born in Maytown, Penn., December 6, 1831, and worked dur- ing boyhood in his father's weave shop. His pa rents, John R. and Susan Young Gebhart, were natives of Pennsylvania. He had few opportunities for studying books, but improved what he had to the best ad- vantage. In early manhood he embarked in business, but, like many others, the in- vestment proved unfortunate, and he was left without money but plenty of debts. He also, fortunately for himself, his creditors, and a good many other people, had plenty of grit left. Like many in similar situations who are resolved to retrieve misfortunes and achieve success, he turned his eyes to the great and growing West. He had strong arms, skilled hands, a trust in his God and the courage to dare to do. These were his capi- tal, and with these he started out in life. He now had two ambitions in life. In his first venture he had only future success to stimulate effort, now he had the incentive to win his way in life, and pay the debts left behind him in his old home. The task was not easy. After looking about for a location he se- lected New Albany on account of its favor- able location. There was no other induce- ment, for he was, indeed, a stranger in a strange land. The prospect was gloomy, but there was firm faith in the future. Work came as it always will to him who seeks it. There were drawbacks and dis- appointments. Work was sometimes very slack and the employment not at all times agreeable, but he was on the road he had started to find, and he determined to travel it. On the smooth places he would make all the speed possible, and the rough ones he would jump over, stumble over, any way to get over, but he kept going, and he is still going, and the road keeps getting smoother. But long ago he reached the goal of one ambition. He paid off every dollar of debt and interest he left behind in Pennsylvania. Mr. Gebhart has also SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 85 accumulated a handsome property in New Albany, lives in and owns one of the many handsome residences in this city of beauti- ful homes. Here, perhaps, this notice might end, but the steps along which Mr. Gebhart strode to success, are matters of special interest to his friends, and of general in- terest to the citizens of New Albany. The example of his course is also valuable to the young. Mr. Gebhart's first effort in New Albany was to start a woolen mill. This be ac- complished in a small way, during the year 1861, with Mr. John T. Creed as a partner. The latter soon, however, with- drew to embark in other business. Mr. Gebhart continued, determined to stick to the tree he had planted, and succeeded in maintaining and enlarging the mill so that to-day it is the largest woolen and cotton mill combined west of the Allegheny moun- tains, and which New Albany can be, and is, justly proud of. Mr. Gebhart did not stop with the wool- en and cotton mills, but he turned his attention to other enterprises that now beautify and adorn the city, as well as add to its material prosperity. Next to the woolen and cotton mills stand the New Al- bany water works as a testimony to his public spirit. He was among the first to agitate the building of the works, and his pen contributed numerous articles on the subject to the columns of the Ledger, ad- vocating their building. It required a great deal of tact, energy and ability to put the works through, but they were built, and have no superior in the United States, and to J. F. Gebhart belongs the honor. His next idea was a hosiery mill, and this was materialized by the building on Ekin avenue, by W. A. Hedden & Co., of the largest and finest mill of the kind in the West. Besides other and minor enterprises Mr. Gebhart was one of the first citizens of New Albany who joined as a stockholder and director in the building of that grand structure, the Kentucky and Indiana bridge, and lastly, so far, but not least, in the building of the Eastern Railway, of which he is a director and vice president. And all this by a man who came among us less than a generation ago, poor and unknown, and who by his own genius for improvement, his stability of purpose, has risen to the honorable position in the business world he now occupies. GEORGE H. GODFREY was born in Genesee county, town of Stafford, N. Y., September 16, 1839, and is a son of Alonzo and Harriet (Waternam) Godfrey, natives of N. Y. George was but 1 2 years of age when his parents removed to Michigan. He re- ceived a good practical education, and to his other qualifications was added telegraphy. At the age of 21 he came to Indiana as a telegraph operator, and in 1861, on the 8th of July, he came to New Albany as manager of the Western Union telegraph office. In 1S62 he joined the telegraph corps, and was three months with Gen. Negley's corps in Tennessee, when he re- turned to New Albany and has remained manager of the Western Union telegraph office of that city. He has always been in telegraph business. He is a prominent member of the Knights of Honor and Knights and Ladies of Honor, and has held all the offices in the lodge. In 1886 he was elected grand protector of the Knights and Ladies of Honor of the State, and re- elected in 1887, and in 1S88 he was elected supreme representative to the Su- preme Lodge for four years, which meets every two years. 86 FLOYD COUNTY He is also a member of the Odd Fellows. He was married December 24-, 1862, to Miss Emma L.Johnson, daughter of James Johnson, Esq., deceased, of New Albany, Ind. They have three children : Harry, Mrs. Jennie Mathers and Mrs. Carrie Stein- hauer. JOSIAH GWIN was born in Lanesville, Harrison county, Ind., January 28, 1834. When but eight years he came to New Albany with his father's family. His edu- cation was limited to the common schools, and in 1850, when but 17 years of age, he left school and took work with a party of surveyors on the railroad from Lafayette to Michigan City, now a part of the "Monon Road." His father died in 1852, was sheriff at the time, and Josiah went to clerk for Martin H. Ruter. Phineas M. Kent was appointed postmaster by Presi- dent Pierce, and Mr. Gwin was selected as his clerk. In the fall of 1S56 he began his career as a newspaper man, by accepting the city editorship of the New Albany Ledger, which he continued until 1860, when he was elected County Recorder. This office he held by successive elections until 1869. In July, 1871, he founded the Daily Standard, a paper soon after consolidated with the Ledger, and Mr. Gwin continued as editor until 1881, when he sold his interest and retired; but soon entered the journalistic field again, and founded the Public Press, which paper he still conducts. He will also establish a daily newspaper at New Albany within a few weeks. JAMES MONROE GWIN was born in New Albany, Ind., October 22, 1837. He was educated in the public and high schools of the city. During the administration of President Buchanan, from 1S57 till 1861, he was assistant postmaster of New Albany under his cousin, F. M. Gwin. During the first year of the war he was in employ of the late Hon. W. C. DePauw, supplying feed for the Government. In 1862 he engaged in the livery, sale and feed business with his father, and in 1867 they added the under- taking business, under the firm name of Merker & Gwin, and he is still engaged in this consolidated business, with one of the the most extensive plants in the city. He is a man of business energy and his popu- larity has won him a very profitable busi- ness. He was married in 1860 to Miss Julia Merrymau, of Floyd county, Ind., who died in 1872, leaving no children. He was again married in 1S75 to Miss Carrie C. Warren, of New York. Two children, Newland and Edith, have been born of this marriage. He is a son of Berry Gwin, one of the old and well known citizens of New Albany. LOUIS HAMMERSMITH was born in Germany November 2S, 1852, and came to America with his parents in 1852, and locat- ed at New Albany, Ind., where he enjoyed the advantages of the public schools until he was fifteen years old. He then commenced driving a wagon for his father, Charles Hammersmith, which he continued to do for six years, attending to his father's busi- ness for two years after his death, which occurred Sept. 8, 1875, his father running five wagons at the time of his death. In 1880 he purchased the wagons and sixteen horses of the heirs in the estate, and has followed teaming, chiefly between New Al- bany and Louisville, ever since, now em- ploying forty head of horses in the busi- ness. He is a splendid illustration of a thorough-going self-made, pushing business man. He is a member of the Masonic SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 87 fraternity and the I. 0. 0. F. He was married April 29, 1879, to Miss Minnie Shoaf, of New Albany. They have three children : Louis, Eva and Charles. Mr. and Mrs. Hammersmith are members of the German Evangelical Church. ELDER MARTIN V. HANGER was born in Floyd county, Ind., December 28, 1825, and is a son of Frederick and Mar- garet (Cook) Hanger; the former was a native of Augusta county, Va., and died here in 1872, at the age of 75 years; the latter was born in Hesse-Darmstadt. Her parents came to this country soon after the Revolutionary war, and, like many others, in order to get to Free America, sold them- selves for a certain length of time, to pay their passage to this country. They saved their money until their servitude was at an end, that they might have something to begin the world with. Frederick Hanger used to boast that he had six uncles who came to this country from Switzerland in colonial times, all of whom served in the Revolutionary war. Martin V., the sub- ject of this sketch, is essentially a self- made man. His education has been at- tained through his own exertions, and by dint of hard work. His boyhood was spent on the farm and working in a cooper shop. He attended the schools of the county. These were quite inferior to the common schools of to-day. They were paid for by general subscription, according to the number of pupils each patron sent to school. Mr. Hanger was educated in these schools. At the age of 15 an objection was raised to his attending school, because he gave the teacher so much trouble, and he was taken away ; but he did not discon- tinue his studies — he kept tbem up at home, and by the time he was 20, he was qualified to teach. His spare money was spent for books, and he became a good English scholar. He taught about four years in Floyd county, and in 1857 he moved to Harrison county, and in 1863 was elected school trustee of Posey township, and re- elected, serving two terms, after which he was chosen county commissioner for one term. He then removed back to Floyd county, where he has since resided. He owns 329 acres of fine land, which he has in a fine state of cultivation and well stocked. His land is situated in both Floyd and Harrison counties ; he resides on that lying in Floyd county, and in sight of his birthplace. Recently he has erected a fine residence, which he designed himself, and which has some peculiarities. Each room is finished in a different style — one in white walnut, one in black walnut, one in wild cherry ; while the hall has a specimen of every kind of wood common in this section. The design of the house was obtained by Mr. Hanger from a picture frame he has, which contains 103 kinds of wood, much of which is historical. For instance, one piece was water oak, from the old brig Constitution, another from the charter oak, etc. Mr. Hanger was married in October, 1847, to Miss Sarah Blunk. They have never had any children ; but have raised four boys and one girl, and educated them. Mr. Hanger is a prominent Mason, and a zealous Christian and minister of the Gospel. For thirty years he has been a minister of the Christian Church. JAMES G. HARRISON was born at Xcnia, Ohio, September '_".», ls34,and came with bis parents to New Albany, Ind., in 1839. His father, George H. Harrison, was a native of Harrisonburg, Va., born in 88 FLOYD COUNTY February, 1809, died at New Albany in 1854. He graduated from Augusta Col- lege, Ky., was a teacher of rare ability, and carne to New Albany to take charge of a Methodist Seminary that had been lo- cated here by the Indiana Conference of the Methodist Church. The greater part of his life was devoted to teaching, though he served as Postmaster under the admin- istrations of Taylor and Fillmore — 1849- 1853. His wife, Sarah P. Grover, was a na- tive of Greene county, Ohio, born in 1810, and died at New Albany in 1873, aged 63 years. James G. Harrison, son of this worthy couple, was educated in the schools of New Albany, graduating from its high school. During his father's four years' term as Post- master he was his deputy. At the conclu- sion of his postoffice service, he entered the office of Dr. William Cooper, for the pur- pose of studying medicine, but, his father dying a year later, he had to give up his studies. He then was elected Eecorder of Floyd county as the Republican nominee, serving a term of four years. In 1802 he was appointed Deputy Postmaster by Hon. John M. Wilson, where he served one year, andnvas then appointed Assistant Revenue Assessor for the New Albany Division by Assessor Thomas C. Slaughter, serving un- til that office was abolished. He was then appointed Deputy United States Clerk and United States Commissioner for the Federal Court of New Albany, still hold- ing both these offices. He is also a trustee of the city schools and secretary of the board, a trustee of the DePauw College for Young Women, a member and officer of the I. 0. 0. F., a member and officer of the Wesley M. E. Church, and has for fifteen years been engaged in the insurance busi- ness. On the 24th of May, 1856, he was mar- ried to Miss Hester A. Hart, daughter of late ex-mayor William Hart, of New Albany. He has three children — George W., James B. and Walter G. DAVID HEDDEN was born September 5, 1802, in Newark, N. J., and is a son of Stephen and Sallie (Peck) Hedden, natives of that State. The former came to Indi- ana and settled in Floyd county in 1 829, near Greenville, where he bought 300 acres of land, on which he farmed. Being a blacksmith, he moved to New Albany after some years spent in farming. The latter, Sallie Peck Hedden, was a daughter of Judge Peck, of New Jersey, a man of con- siderable prominence. David Hedden, the subject of this sketch, was brought up in New Jersey, and educated in the common schools. He came to Floyd county in 1820, a year before his father moved out, being then but eighteen years of age, and commenced clerking in a store, which he continued for a year, when he entered into partnership with Elias Ayers in the same business. The partnership continued until 1842, when Ayers died, and he continued alone in the business three years longer, when his health having failed he retired from active business. He bought a mill, how- ever, but in a short time it was burned. He bought another and took charge of it, and continued to operate it until 1856. He then built a $10,000 residence and re- tired from active business altogether. He was married in 1840 to Elizabeth Wood, a daughter of Rev. Joseph Wood, of Brown county, N. Y., and Betsy (White) Wood, of Stanford, Conn. They have seven children, viz : Theodosia, William A., pro- prietor of Hosier Mills ; Francis, Sarah S. (Baird), Walter David, in brick business; SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 89 Anna W. (Green), Grace and Ella Hardy. Mr. Hedden is a member of the Presbyter. ian Church and a Republican. CHARLES HEGEWALD, born in Sax- ony, September 18, 1832, came to Amer- ica in 1853, and in 1854 made his home in New Albany. He served a seven years' apprenticeship in his native countiy as a machinist, and for some time worked as a journeyman in that country to secure the means to come to the United States. On his arrival in New Albany he went to work in the machine shops of the Louis- ville, New Albany & Chicago Railroad, where he remained until a strike was in- augurated, when he took a place in the Union Foundry, remaining there until it failed in 1856 ; when for two years he held a place in the American Foundry, going thence to the machine shops of Lent, South & Shipman, where he remained until the war broke out. He then returned to the American Foundry as foreman. In 1873 he entered into a copartnership with the late W. C. DePauw, in the foundry and machine business, at his present loca- tion, the firm continuing until 1878, when Mr. N. T. DePauw purchased his father's interest and continues a member of the firm, which is the most enterprising and has the largest business of any establish- ment of its kind in New Albany. The building covers a half square of ground on Water street, between Pearl and Bank, and the firm, of which Mr. Hegewald is the energetic superintendent and business manager, employs from 75 to 200 men, according to the demands of trade upon them, and does a business of about $200,000 per year, manufacturing marine and stationary engines, all kinds of steam- boat and mill machinery and supplies, brass and iron castings and other ma- cliinery. Mr. Hegewald is one of the self-made, successful and public-spirited men of New Albany. He takes a deep interest in all enterprises that promise to advance the material interests of New Albany, and has done much to help the prosperity of that city. He served one term as a member of the City Council, declining a re-election. He is in all regards a valuable and excellent citizen. He was married in New Albany, in 1855, to Miss Catherine Meyer, and they have four children : Emma, John F. C. , Ar- thur and Edwin; John F. C. being a grad- uate of the West Point Military Academy and a resident of Louisville. Arthur and Edwin are employed in the foundry and machine shops with their father. CHRISTOPHER HEIMBERGER, born in Germany, January 17, 1833, emigrated to the United States in 1852, settling in Ohio, where he learned the business of photography, and having an artistic apti- tude for the business soon rose to high dis- tinction as an artist and now holds rank amongst the best photographers in the country. He took up his residence in New Albany in 1859, where he speedily built up a large business, his gallery being one of the most attractive in the State both in construction and the artistic gems it contains. Mr. Heini- berger was the first of American photo- graphers to discover and apply the superior Plate Glass Light, which is applied in his gallery. As the result of the superiority of his appliances and pictures he is now fill- ing orders for citizens of, not only Indi- ana, but of Kentucky, Ohio, Illinois and 90 FLOYD COUNTY Missouri. Few American photographers may hope to reach such perfection in ar- tistic results and liberal patronage. In 1S59, at Cincinnati, 0., Mr. Heimber- ger was married to Miss Margaret Berst, daughter of Jacob Berst, native of Ger- many, who came to America in 1S47 and located in Harrison county, where he died in 1885, at the age of 72. His daughter Mar- garet was reared by her uncle, John Nockle, a prominent butcher and grocer of Cincin- nati, where her marriage took place. The children born of the happy union are: Adam, Sadie and Bena, all married. Adam Heimberger, the son, is a partner in photography with his father, and, like him, a born artist. Christopher Heiruberger is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Ancient Order of Workmen, and an active member of the German Evangelical church, his en- tire family being members of this church. He is a self-made man, and no man has done more by his art to illustrate and per- petuate the magnificient scenery of the Central Ohio Valley. GEORGE HELFRICH, Sr., a native of Europe, was born July 20, 1831, and came to the United States in July, 1848, locating at New Albany, Ind. He learned the trade of a house carpenter and builder in the old country, and engaged at his trade on locating at New Albany, carrying it on until 1853. He then accepted a po- sition in the L., N. A. & C. Railroad shops, working there until 1868, when he took charge, as superintendent, of the car depart- ment, remaining in this position until 1880. In 1881 he engaged in the planing- mill and lumber business at the corner of East Fifth and Oak streets, New Albany, on a lot covering 180 by 130 feet. Besides his large planing-mill business, he is a dealer in all kinds of building and con- struction lumber, shingles, lath, doors, sash and blinds. By .his liberal enterprise he has built up a very large trade, which he has fairly won by his integrity. He was married May 2, 1853, to Miss Margaret Ellmancer, of Harrison county, Ind., and has six living children — George, Charles, Edward, William, August and Emma. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and has passed all the chairs (the offices) of that order. He is also a member of the Knights of Honor. EDWARD G. HENRY, a native of Switzerland county, Ind., was born April 16, 1850. His father, David Henry, was a native of Ireland, and a lawyer by pro- fession and a successful farmer, and emi- grated to Indiana in the pioneer period of the State. His mother, Caroline Stapp, was a native of Kentucky. Reared in Switzerland county, he at- tended the public schools of the county during his boyhood, fitting himself for Han- over College, from which he graduated in 1870. He then entered the law school of Indiana University, from which Institution he graduated in 1872. The same year he took up his residence at New Albany, and entered upon the practice of law, and has, by his abilities as a counselor and advo- cate, built up a very lucrative practice, standing high at the bar as a practicing at- torney. In 1888 Mr. Henry was nominated unanimously by the Democratic party of Floyd county for Representative in the State Legislature, to which office he was elected by a large majority. He is a man of scholarly culture, an able SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 91 public speaker, and possessed of the ele- ments for a successful and useful public career. JACOB HESSING was born in Floyd county, Ind., November 27, 1 862, and is a son of Jacob and Henrietta (Sclireiver) Hessing; the former a native of Germany, who emi- grated to this country in 1849, and settled in Louisville, where he remained a short time, when he removed to a f arm in George- town township, near Edwardsville, where he spent the remainder of his life, dying December 10, 1883. The log house is still standing on the farm that was on it when he bought it, which was scarcely a farm then at all but a tract of woodland. But by patient industry and energy he improved it, and made the wilderness, figuratively, "re- joice and blossom as the rose." Here he and his good wife reared their large family of children, and here he lived out the measure of his days and passed to his reward. Henrietta (Sclireiver) Hessing, the mother of subject, was born in Germany in 1834, came to America in 1S49, and in three years married Mr. Hessing. She was the mother of eleven children, viz : William H., Henry J., Sophia, Mary C, Jacob, Lizzie, Nettie, Amanda, Carrie, Anna and Edward ; all living in Floyd county. William lives in Georgetown township ; Mary married Edward Perry, and lives in New Albany; Amanda married William Schreiber, and lives in Lafayette township; the others are still at the old homestead with their mother, Henry, the only son of those at home, being married. The subject of this sketch, Jacob Hess- ing, was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools of the county. He has always followed farming, and is one of Floyd county's most energetic and enter- prising young farmers. He and his brother, who farms with him, make a speciality of small fruits, such as strawberries, grapes, etc. Everything about the farm indicates prosperity. GEO. VAIL HOWK, one of the ex- judges of the Supreme Court of Indiana, and a resident of New Albany, was born in Charlestown, Clark county, Indiana, Sep- tember 21, 1824 and is the only surviving son of Isaac Howk, one of the pioneer law- yers of the State. The Howk family are of German origin, but settled in Massachu- setts early in the last century and engaged chiefly in agriculture. Isaac Howk, the father of the subject of this sketch, was bom on a farm in Berkshire county, Massa- chusetts, in July, 1793, and was educated at Williams College in that county. In 1817 he settled in Charlestown, Ind., and engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1820 he married Miss Elvira Vail, a daughter of Doctor Gamaliel Vail, who had emigrated from Vermont to Indiana Territory in 1806. Their son George V. Howk grew to manhood in Charlestown. His father died in 1833, but his mother devoted the remainder of a long life to the education, comfort and happiness of her children. She died in New Albany, Ind., September 15, 1869. Judge Howk grad- uated from Indiana Asbury (now De Pauw College) in the class of 1846 under the Presidency of Matthew Simpson, widely known as one of the Bishops of the Method- ist Church. Some of his classmates were Newton Booth, ex-United States Senator from California ; James P. Luce, James M. Beynolds and Joseph Tingley, one of the Professors of the College. He studied law with Judge Charles Dewey, who was for ten years a judge of the Supreme Court and one of the ablest jurists the State has produced. He was admitted to the bar in 92 FLOYD COUNTY 1847, and settled in New Albany. Decem- ber 21, 1848, he married Miss Eleanor Dewey, late of Charlestown. Mrs. Howk died April 12, 1853, leaving two children. September 5, 1854, he married Miss Jane Simonson, eldest daughter of General John S. Simonson of the United States Army, who still survives. They have two children John S. and George V. Howk, Jr., and one daughter, Jane S. In 1852 and 1858 Judge Howk was City Judge of New Albany, and from 1850 to 1864, during most of the time, was a member of the City Council. In 1857 he was Judge of the Court of Com- mon Pleas of Floyd county; in 18G3 he represented that county in the House, and from 1866 to 1870 he represented Floyd and Clark counties in the Senate of In- diana. He was chosen one of the Supreme Judges of Indiana at the General State Eiection in October, 1876. Soon after tak- ing his position on the bench, he gave promise of the great ability he has since displayed. His decisions are clear, con- cise and conclusive, taking rank with those of the ablest jurists of the State, and his suavity of manner toward all with whom he came in contact officially made him very popular with the attorneys practicing at the bar of the Supreme Court. He was re-elected Judge in 1882 and defeated in 1888. In politics Judge Howk is a Demo- crat. His mother was a Methodist, and he was educated in a Methodist College, but is not a member of any religious denomina- tion. His wife and children are Presby- terians. Since the election he has established himself at New Albany in the practice of law, with his son as partner. LOUIS C. HIPPLE was born at New Albany, Ind., Sept. 22, 1850. He was educated in the public schools of the city until the age of 18 years, when he engaged with his father, a steamboat cabin builder, to learn the carpenter trade, continuing until his father went out of the business. He was deputy wharf master under his father from 1875 to 1878, and after this engaged in teaming, during which occupa- tion he invented what is known as the Graff and Hippie Dump Wagon, which is now in use in many of the States, and is a very valuable invention, that with proper capital could be brought into general use through- out the entire country. At New Albany it is used by all the principal coal and brick dealers ; and the city, as well as at Cincin- nati and Louisville and Jeffersonville, and by the Government at its depot in the latter city; and its inventor has testimonials from all who have used it as to its efficiency in equalizing and dumping a load. In 18S5 he was elected City Marshal of New Albany, and re-elected in 1887. In the Primary Democratic Convention that nominated him in 1885, his majority over the highest man of the opponents was 356, and at the election it was 1,050. His ma- jority at his second election was 1,676. He is a self-made and self-respecting man, and has built himself up by his own indom- itable energy and untiring industry. On January 5, 1881, he was married to Miss Jennie Eanse, of Floyd county, Ind., daughter of George H. Eanse, formerly of Virginia. He has one child, Frances D., born on Sept. 22, the same date of the birth of her father. He is a member of the Knights of Honor and of the Knights of Pythias, and is a Methodist by educa- tion and rearing. He is a son of Daniel and Artemesia (Lightner) Hippie. His father was a native of the borough of Landerburg, Cum- berland county, Pa., born Feb. 3, 1812; SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 93 and his mother of Clark county, Lid., born Oct. 22, 1818; and they located at New Albany in 1835. His father engaged in steamboat building, which he followed for a number of years. He was elected jailor under Sheriff Thomas Gwin, serving four years, from 1848 to 1852. He died March 17, 1878, leaving a wife and six children, George M., John W., Jacob L., Louis C, Carrie B. and Eliza E., all of whom are living. Mr. Hippie's mother came to New Albany in 1829, and married May 1, 1836. CAPT. THOMAS HUMPHREYS, de- ceased, was born in Philadelphia, July 17, 1807, and died at New Albany, Ind., Janu- ary 19, 1881, aged 73 years and months. In February, 1830, he took up his residence at New Albany, Ind., where he continued to reside to the day of his death. He was twice married, the first time to Miss Dowerman and the second time to Miss Elizabeth Hangary. His first wife lived but two years. During his entire residence at New Albany, Capt. Thomas Humphreys was not only a good but a use- ful citizen. For many years he was the head of the steamboat building firm of Dowerman & 'Humphreys his business sagacity and un- impeachable integrity giving to the firm a reputation as one of the first and most re- liable boat building firms in the West. Every steamboatman knows that Capt. Humphreys' word was as good as his bond, and the statements he made then in rela- tion to contracts were taken as established facts. It was his integrity that did more than any other single agency to give to New Albany the high fame the city once enjoyed as the most notable boat building lo- cality on the western rivers. From the estab- lishment with which he was connected was turned out many of the most magnificent steamers that have navigated the rivers of the West and South. Running through his entire life, like a line of polished brightness, was this princi- ple of integrity. It characterized every act of his life, and made for him friends of everyone with whom he came in business or social contact. His morals were most exemplary, and his influence was wielded in favor of all movements that were for the advance- ment and elevation of his fellow-men. Yet he was modest and unobstrusive, and, while a man of strong convictions, never tried to force his views upon others, choos- ing rather the principles he advocated should illustrate and shine forth through his daily walk and conversation. He thus filled the measure of good citizenship. For several months before his death he gave much thought to religion and prepar- ation for the change he knew was speedily to come. In his inquiries for light upon this important subject, he took counsel of such men as Rev. J. S. Wood and Peter R. Stoy, and when the messenger's summons came to him he was ready to depart in peace, his last days being full of light and joy- He left a wife, one son and two daugh- ters, Mrs. S. M. Weir and Mrs. Dr. G. H. Cannon being the daughters. The surviv- ing son is Mr. Daniel Humphreys. REUBEN KING JENKS was born in Providence, R. I., in the year 1817, son of George B. R. Jenks, whose ancestors were of English origin. Subject's mother, Aljaha Newman, was a daughter of Nathaniel Newman, who was born in Massachusetts. Subject was married in Montgomery 94 FLOYD COUNTY county, Ohio, in 1840, to Miss Hope Graves, daughter of Zepheniah Graves, who was a native of Rhode Island. Mr. Jenks emi- grated from his native State to Ohio in 1829, thence to Indiana in about 1848. Subject and wife have raised eight children ; all lived to be grown : Amanda, George, Oscar, Zepheniah, Benjamin, Job W., Julia and Frank. Our subject followed carpentering for some time, then clerked for a time. Was in United States service some three years during the late civil war. Four of his sons George, Oscar, Zepheniah and Benjamin were in the service with him. He has filled some positions of profit and trust, but has never been an office seeker. CHARLES L. JEWETT, lawyer, New Albany, Ind., was born October 6, 1848, in Hanover, Ind., being the only son of Jonathan and Mary (Wells) Reid. His father died when the boy was an infant, and his mother married Judge P. H. Jew- ett, who adopted him as a son, and by legal process had his name changed to Jewett. At the age of fifteen he entered the State University, at Blooinington, where he remained until 1S66, when he was ad- mitted to the College at Hanover, and stud- ied for one year. His health failing, he loft school, and moved to Montana Terri- tory, where he was successively prospector, gold miner, and Government surveyor. In the latter capacity he surveyed all the lands lying near the headwaters of the Missouri river. These two years of pio- neer life restored his health and secured for him a physical stamina and develop- ment, as well as a fund of experience. Returning to his native State in 1S6G, he prepared to enter upon the profession to which he had directed all his studies, and toward which his efforts were now bent. He was admitted to the bar at New Alba- ny, October 6, of the same year; immedi- ately commenced practice. October 16, 1869, he was chosen Justice of the Peace, but he resigned within one year. In 1871 he was appointed Deputy Prosecuting At- torney of Scott county, and in 1872 was elected District Attorney for the district composed of Scott, Clark, Floyd, Wash- ington and Harrison counties. In March, 1873, he was appointed by Governor Hen- dricks Prosecutor for the Fifth Judicial Curcuit, and in October of that year was elected to the same office for a full term. He was re-elected in 1874, and continued to hold the position until October 22, 1877. In 1878 he was Democratic candidate for Judge of the Fifth Circuit. Mr. Jewett is one of the acknowledged leaders of the Democratic party in Indiana, having been a member of the State Central Com- mittee in 1876, Speaker of the House in session of 18S4-5, chairman of County Cen- tral Committee and was the chairman of Democratic State Central Committee in Cleveland and Harrison campaign. He is an organizer of rare ability and tact, and an able lawyer. HON. FRANKLIN C. JOHNSON, born near Holland Patent, Lewis comity, New York, June 23, 1836. His parents were both natives of New York, but the family is of English origin. His father, Horace Johnson, was a farmer and served as pro- bate judge. His mother was Eliza Pratt. Mr. Johnson was reared in New York and educated at Lowville and Rome Academies, graduating from the latter after a four years' course, in 1851. In 1853 he located at New Albany, engaging as a clerk in the hardware store of Brooks & Brown, Brooks SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 95 at the time being president of the New Al- bany & Salem (L., N. A. & C.) Railroad. In 1855 he became a partner with J. J. Brown and John E. Crane in the business, continuing 3 years. At the breaking out of the war he engaged in the nursery busi- ness, which he continued till 1876. In 1872 he was appointed by President Grant, on the nomination of Gov. Morton of In- diana, commissioner of the Philadelphia National Centennial, serving five years- In 1874 he was elected to the State Senate on the Democratic ticket for four years, and was chairman of the Committees on the State Reformatory and Benevolent Institu- tions. He drafted the bill making Mrs. T. A. Hendricks, Mrs. Roache and Mrs. Coffin trustees of the Women's Reformatory of Indiana. In 1878 he was appointed by President Hayes, to the Paris Exposition, and there served on the International Jury. He was appointed by Gov. Williams of Indiana a member of the International Congress that assembled in the Palace Crocadero, Paris, being the only member from the United States, being a member with the Prince of Wales, who represented Great Britain. For ten years he was a member of the State Board of Agriculture from this District. In 1880 Mr. Johnson went to Colorado and engaged in the practice of law with his cousin, Ste- phen R. Pratt, and in 1882 was nominated a candidate for Secretary of State. He re- turned to New Albany in 1886, but while in Colorado organized the First National Bank at Gunnison, in which he is one of the largest stockholders. He served two terms as a member of the City Council from the first ward. In February, 1859, he was married to Mary E. Murray, a na- tive of Breckinridge county, Ky., and sister of ex-Gov. Eli H. Murray, of Utah, and a lady of rare accomplishments. Tlnee children were born of the marriage — Frank H. and -Albert S., both now residents of Denver, Colo., and Eliza. Mr. Johnson owns about 150 lots in New Albany, and a fine farm in Clarke county, between New Albany and Jeffersonville. PHILIP M. KEPLEY, born near Green- ville, Floyd county, Ind., October 27,1818. His parents were Andrew and Mary (Moser) Kepley, his father being a farmer and a mechanic. Mr. Kepley was reared upon his father's farm, and educated in the common schools of the county, remaining upon a farm until he was 28 years old, when he removed to the city of New Albany and engaged in the grocery business, which he continued for some years. He was twice elected county treasurer of Floyd county, and held the office for four years. He has also served several terms as a member of the City Council of New Albany, and is at present a member of that body. At the end of his term as county treas- urer, Mr. Kepley entered into the livery business, on State street, opposite the court house, and is at present engaged in that business. In all the official stations he has been called to fill, he has discharged his duties with fidelity to the interest of the people and with honor to himself. He was married in 1842, to Miss Mary M.Cook, daughter of Philip Cook, of Floyd county. Of this marriage nine children were born, all of whom received collegi- ate educations, and all of whom have mar- ried ; David M., Nancy I., John L., Mary E., Sarah, Anna B., Martha E., Charles A. and Fannie. 96 FLOYD COUNTY FEED C. KISTNEK was bom in Louis- ville, December 5, 1856, and is a son of Joseph and Caroline (Falk) Kistner, natives of Germany, but who came to New Albany in 1857. His father has been in the cloth- ing business ever since his arrival in this country, and is an active and energetic business man. The subject graduated in commercial school, and engaged in the clothing busi- ness with his father until 1SS4, when he entered into partnership with Mr. Paul Eeising in the brewery business, and has given his full attention to it ever since. In 1881 he was married to Miss Mary Eeising. Mr. Kistner is the Fifth Ward Commit- teeman on the Democratic County Central Committee. GEOEGE KEAFT, a native of France, was born in November, 1827, came to America in 1S45, and located at New Albany. He immediately engaged at his trade, that of chair-making, and, being a fine workman and very genial and social, he made friends rapidly, and soon built up a most prosperous business. He was a man of enterprise as well as industry, and on April 21, 1856, added the furniture and undertaking business to his chair manufac- tory. This business he prosecuted suc- cessfully till his death, which occurred May 25, 1881, at the age of 51 years. He left a wife and five children — Frank A., Joseph H., Catharine, Ida M. and Mamie, Cath- arine dying June 14, 18S5. Being very popular and well liked by all, he was fre- quently solicited to run for office. This he constantly refused to do. He was a mem- ber of several benevolent societies, being treasurer of one for eighteen years. He was also treasurer of several others. He was a strict member of the Catholic Church, and having a fine tenor voice, took great interest in the church choirs and other vocal organizations. He was married in 1852 to Mary E.Terstegge, of New Albany, a cousin of Mr. J. J.Terstegge, the founder of the National Stove Works of New Albany. Frank A. Kraft, his oldest son, was born at New Albany, Lid., Feb. 9, 1854, and was educated in the parochial and public schools and the New Albany Business Col- lege. He succeeded his father to the very large business left at his death, and this, by his energy, enterprise and popularity, he has very largely expanded. He is a member of the Catholic Church. On Oct. 28, 1879, he was married to Miss Minnie Euppert, of New Albany. They have three children living — Bertha, George A. and Lula May. HENEY LEGG, a native of London, England, was born September 9, 1833. He is a plate glass worker, and was foreman of the casting department of the Thames Plate Glass Works, of London, England, for twenty years. While thus employed he was engaged by Capt. John B. Ford to come to New Albany, Ind., and take charge, as foreman, of the casting department in the immense plate glass works now owned and operated by the W. C. DePauw Com- pany — the DePauw American Plate Glass Works. He left London and came to New Albany in 1872, and remained until 1874, when he returned to London for his family, returning with them. His family con- sisted of his wife and six children — John, Walter J., Edward, Henry, Elizabeth and Emma. He also brought over with him several skilled plate glass workers and their families, to be employed iu the New Albany Plate Glass Works. Mr. Legg brought the box coal furnace to New Albany, and carried the first Dinas brick from Wales to SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 97 New Albany, this brick being used for the caps of glass furnaces. They are now used everywhere in glass furnaces. He was mar- ried in December, 1857, to Miss Caroline Price, of London, England. He is a mem- ber of DePauw Masonic Lodge, and when but 21 years old joined the Duke of Bruns- wick Lodge, London, and is still a member in good standing. He visited this lodge while in London in 1888. He is also a member of the Knights of Honor and of the Knights and Ladies of Honor. He has filled the Master's, Senior and Junior Deacons' chairs in DePauw Masonic Lodge, at New Albany. He continues as foreman of the casting department of the W. C. DePauw Company — the DePauw American Glass Works. WILLIAM G. LIGHTNER, bom at St. Louis, Mo., February 9, 1827. His parents located in New Albany, Ind., when he was seven years old, where he was educated in the common schools. After leaving school he learned blacksmithing with his father. In 1845 he went on the river to learn steamboat engineering, and this business he continued until 1865. The first boat he was on was the Greenwood, running in the New Orleans and Yazoo river trade ; he was on several steamers running in the New Orleans and Yazoo river trade. Quitting the river in 1865, he engaged in the barrel, stave and shingle manufacture in Clark county, Ind., doing a large business. In 1S73 he returned to New Albany and took the position of chief engineer at the New Albany Woolen and Cotton Mills, which he still fills, being in all respects a first- class engineer. In 1854 he was married to Miss Adkin- son, of New Albany, a native of Nashville, Term. They have no children. He has been a member of the I. 0. 0. F., both the Subordinate Lodge and the En- ciimpment, since 1853. Both he and his wife are members of the M. E. Church. His father was Jacob Lightner, a native of Pennsylvania ; and his mother was Eleanor Brown, a native of Kentucky. His father, who was a soldier of the War of 1812, died at New Albany, 1847. His mother died in 1884, age 83. They left five chil- dren, all now living: Artemesia, widow of Daniel Hippie, resides at Memphis, Tenn. ; George W. married at Evansville, Ind. ; Elizabeth, wife of Peter Mann, on a farm near New Albany; William G., residing on a farm near New Albany ; Laura B., wife of W. B. Smith, of New Albany. JACOB LOESCH, a native of Floyd county, Ind., was born June 4, 1844, five miles west of New Albany. His father, John Loesch, was a native of Prussia, and came to Floyd county in 1843. His mother, Cath- arine Fox, was a native of Germany. The subject of this sketch remained upon his father's farm until he was eighteen years old, when he was apprenticed and served three years at blacksmithing, at the end of which time he entered upon his trade at Georgetown, conducting the business from 1867J;o 1880. During the war he tried to enlist in the army, but was rejected on account of his bad health. In 1880 he was appointed Deputy Sheriff by Sheriff H. R. W. Meyer, serving through the two terms of that officer. In 1884 he was elected Sheriff, and was re-elected in 1886. The county of Floyd never had a more upright, energetic or faithful officer, as his eight years in the public service attests. In No- vember, 1873, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret J. Knittle, of Floyd county, but a native of Harrison county, Ind., and 98 FLOYD COUNTY daughter of Samuel Knittle, a native of Pennsylvania. One child has been born of this marriage — Agatha Catharine. Mr. Loesch is a decided Democrat in politics, and in religion a member of the Catholic Church. JOHN J. LYONS, a native of Warrens- burg, Warren county, N. Y., was born March 15, 1856, but when quite small his parents removed to New York City, where they remained one year and then located at Sharpsburg, Pa., five miles from Pitts- burgh, where they resided three years. Not satisfied with the location after a three years' residence, they removed to Kentucky, and thence to New Albany, Ind. John J. Lyons attended the public schools in which he was educated. After coming to New Albany he worked eleven years in the rolling mills. In 1879 he went to Jef- ferson county, Kentucky, and engaged in the grocery business. Being an energetic and pushing business man he prospered, but in 1881 sold out and returned to New Albany, where, with John Russell as part- ner, he engaged in the hotel, livery and feed business, keeping the West End Ho- tel, at the corner of West Main and Seventh streets. Mr. Lyons is a very popular man and thorough in business methods as well as public-spirited. He was married in August,1878, to Miss Malissa Martin, of Jefferson county, Ky., and they have three children — Mary, Cath- erine and Emily. He is a member of the Catholic Knights of America, the Ancient Order of Hiber- nians, and the Catholic Church. His par- ents, Michael and Mary Lyons, were both natives of County Cork, Ireland. His father died when he was a child. His mother married again to Edward Dumphy. She died at New Albany in September, 1884. FRED MAETSCHKE, one of the young progressive business men of New Albany, was born in the northern part of Germany in 1861, and is the son. of Gottlieb and Charlotte (Holm) Maetschke, natives of Germany. Fred, the subject of this sketch, received a limited education, and came to America in 1881. He located in New York and followed tailoring. After a time he went to New Jersey, where he followed the same business, and in 1883 came to New Albany. Here he continued the same busi- ness, and in 1888 formed a partnership with H. G. Harmeling, and is now doing a prosperous business. He is a member of the German Evangelical Church, and is Democratic in politics. MORRIS McDONALD, Sr., was born at Centerville, Ohio, November 10, 1836. His parents were John S. and Nancy McDon- ald, and he comes from a lineage noted in the legal and financial history of the coun- try. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, a man thoroughly read in the law, and eminent in his life as a commercial man, banker and manufacturer. His first banking experience was as an officer of the New Albany Branch of the old State Bank, of Indiana, and at the ex- piration of its charter and the chartering of the Bank of the State of Indiana, he was elected president of this bank serving in that capacity during its existence. He was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank of New Albany, and was connected with that institution till his death. He also was the president and manager of the New Albany Savings Bank SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 99 during its entire existence. He was largely engaged in pork-packing during the fifties and up to about 18(35; was a stockholder in the New Albany Glass Works for several years, and for ten years a stockholder in the New Albany Eail Mill. From 1850 to 1854 he was extensively engaged in milling and the grain and flour trade. He died in 1877, honored and mourned by the community in which so many years of his useful and active life had been passed, leaving the impression of his business energy and public spirit upon the city whose material interests he did so much to promote. The mother of Mr. Morris McDonald is descended from a historic American family. She is the daughter of Nathaniel Mc- Lean, an eminent citizen of Ohio, and the niece of the late Judge John McLean, of the Supreme Court of the United States, a noted Whig politician in his day, but so thoroughly an anti-slavery man that he was nominated by the Free Soil party as a can- didate for the Presidency. She is a woman of strong individuality of character, and prominent in the moral and philanthropic enterprises of the M. E. Church, of which she is a devoted member. Descending from such a lineage, and inher- iting the indomitable business qualities of both parents, it is not remarkable that the subject of this brief sketch, Mr. Morris McDonald, has risen to a position of busi- ness and political eminence and leadership. Possessing an independent spirit, he commenced the active pursuits of life when only a boy. His education was received in the public schools of New Albany. He entered As- bury University, at Greencastle, Ind., but the tediousness of a college course was little suited to the inclinations of one whose ambition was to enter the commercial and financial world and grasp the enterprises that opened before him. He therefore remained but a short time at college, and, returning to Ins home in New Albany, soon entered into the pork- packing business with his father, and there- in laid the foundation of his fortune. He soon became a large stockholder in the Bank of the State of Indiana, transferring his holdings to the First National Bank of New Albany on its organization, and be- coming one of its directors. He was a large stockholder in the New Albany Bail Mill for ten years, and during that period the superintendent and business manager of this extensive manufactory. Selling his holdings in this mill he engaged in the pork, flour and grain trade, and for some time operated flour mills. He was also at one time a large stockholder in the New Albany Glass Works, finally purchasing the entire property, which he soon after sold. For all his business enterprises he brought such commercial aptitude and thorough push that they proved prosperous. Mr. McDonald was for a number of years prominent in political life — a leader in his party, the Bepublican — and could have had high official position, had he not always declined to become a candidate for office. In 188-1 he represented his party as a delegate for the State at large to the National Convention at Chicago. He was the original proprietor of and platted the beautiful suburban addition to New Albany, Silver Grove. He was among the chief promoters of the building of the New Albany & St. Louis Air-Line Batlroad, and for many years a du - ector in the company. He was the originator of the legislation and the organizer of the Indiana company that secured the erection of the elegant 100 FLOYD COUNTY steel cantilever bridge over the Ohio river between New Albany and Louisville, and but for his efforts, sagacity and indefatiga- ble labors this fine structure would not to- day span the Ohio. He organized the com- pany that built the Cannelton & Tell City Eailroad, and was its president during its construction. He is a man of great kindliness of heart and a generous helper of the poor. He is withal very urbane and genial in man- ners and a man to whom his friends are strongly attached. He was married in 1859 to Miss Sallie Singer, two sons and a daughter blessing the union. The eldest son, John S., a prominent and thorough business man, is an enterprising and successful grain dealer ; the youngest son, Morris, is the paymaster of the Louisville, Evansville & St. Louis Railroad, 21 years of age and among the rapidly rising young railroad men of the country. WILLIAM H. McKAY, general insur- ance iigent, was born in Bullitt county, Ky., July G, 1847. At the age of five years his parents removed to Missouri, where he was reared. After attending the common schools of Missouri he became a student of Eastman's Business College, of New York, from which he graduated in August, 1866. He engaged in the insurance business, and in 1872 took up his residence in New Albany, Ind., where he entered upon the insurance business with Dr. M. C. Brown- ing, under the firm name of Browning & McKay. His partner, Dr. Browning, was lost on the steamer, Pat Rogers, August 4, 1874; but the style of the firm remained un- changed until February, 1877, when he purchased, and has ever since conducted, the entire business, the largest of its kind in the city, representing twenty fire com- panies, in addition to his being general agent for the Union Central Life and also agent for the Standard Accident Com- panies. Mr. McKay was united in marriage in 1869, to Miss Mary Wilson, of Macon City, Mo., a daughter, Bonnie, blessing the union. Mr. McKay takes an active interest in all moral and religious enterprises, is a deacon in the Third Presbyterian Church, and a well known Sunday-school worker. He is vice-president of two prosperous building and loan associations, and has taken a good deal of interest in real estate in the city, having erected two elegant resi- dences — one on East Oak street and one on Ekin avenue. He is a son of Col. D. C. McKay, a re- tired capitalist, now residing in Kansas. CHARLES McKENNA, a native of Ire- land, was born in 1822, and came to the United States in 1849, locating at New Albany. He was an expert stone mason before he left his native land, and, on ar- riving at his adopted home, at once en- gaged in work at his trade. He is a man of great energy and force of character, and these traits have been prom- inent through his life, although he is very quiet disposition. It may be said of him, however, that no more genial or more upright citizen lives in New Albany. By his industry and high sense of honor and integrity, he is possessed of a competency of this world's wealth. He was for many year a street and build- ing contractor, and the work he did upon streets is to-day the best evidence of his honesty and expertness as a workman. In 1869 he was elected on the Demo- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 101 cratic ticket Street Commissioner of New Albany, serving four years, leaving the of- fice with the respect as well a? the regret of all the citizens. In 1882 he was Market Master, serving faithfully and satisfactorily. He was mar- ried in 1848, in Ireland, to Miss Mary Bra- dy, a native of that country. They have no children. He is a member of the Catholic Church. SAMUEL C. McNEFF, bom January 14, 1833, in Morgan county, Ind., was reared in and attended the publie schools of that county until 16 years old, when he went to Iowa and spent one year. In 1852, he came to New Albany, Ind., his present residence, and learned the trade of carpenter with Charles Sackett, forming a partnership with Mr. Sackett in 1864, the firm name being McNeff & Co., the partnership continuing 18 years. Dur- ing these years the firm erected the mag- nificent court house at New Albany ; 1865, two large business houses for G. C. Can- non, on Pearl street ; the splendid busi- ness block of Jacob Goodbub, Pearl street, the Windsor Hotel building, and many others of equal note, style and beauty. The firm dissolved in 1880. Mr. McNeff carried on business alone for two years. In 1883 he formed a partnership with Christian Wolf, under the firm name of McNeff & Wolf. In August, 1886, he and William Houpt, under the firm name of McNeff & Houpt, commenced the manufacture of Patent Clamp Brick, a process by which brick are made much harder and burn more even than by any other, and this business is still carried on. In 1856 he was married to Miss Sarah E. Littell, of Clark county, Ind. Two children of the marriage survive : James W., who married Miss Mary Smithwick, of New Albany, and Lazette C, the wife of Orry F. Laduc, of Louisville, Ky. Mr. McNeff has been an Odd Fellow since 1856 and a member of the Christian Church since 1863. CAPT. CHARLES T. MATTHEWS is a native of New Albany, Ind., and was bom February 28, 1848. He is a son of Joshua and Eliza (Reed) Matthews, — the former was from Boston, Mass., and settled here before subject was born. He was a shoe manufacturer, and died in 1877. Charles T., the subject of this sketch, received his education in the public schools. When 11 years old he commenced work as a team- ster, which he followed until he was 15 years. He then entered the army and was made a messenger in the quartermaster's depart- ment under Capt. Crane, remaining with him two years. He then came home and entered the fire department, in which he served^ four years, when he resigned for the purpose of learning the trade of heater at New Albany Forge. This he followed until the panic of 1873, when he went into the glass works for about three years, then into the fire department again, and was ap- pointed captain in 1878, and served under four different chiefs. He was elected chief in 1885, and has been elected each succes- sive year since. He was married in 1874 to Miss Mary Hermey, of Clark county, a daughter of John and Margaret (Reed) Hermey. They have one child, Harry. Capt. Matthews is a K. of P. and K. of L. and in politics is a Democrat. JOHN S. MARSH, born in New Albany, Ind., September 1, 1844; educated in the 102 FLOYD COUNTY public schools of his native city, and at the age of 19 enlisted in the Ninth Indiana Infantry in the three months' service, under the first call of President Lincoln for 75,000 men. He served his term, and returned home and took a position at $1.25 per day as a laborer in his father's rolling mill, which stood on the site of the present Ohio Falls Iron Works, and for twenty-six years has continued at the same place, though the small mill of his father has given place to the immense works now occupying its site. In all these years he never lost two weeks from work at any one time. February 22, 1877, he was appointed manager of the Ohio Falls Iron Works, which position he now holds. He married Miss Martha Summers, of Utica, Ind., in 1863, who died in 1875, leav- ing two children, James and Lillie ; Lillie is the wife of Joseph Brinley, of Leadville, Colo. He married again in 1S77 to Miss Clara Kepler, and by this marrige has three children — Oliver H., Lena W. and Bertie B. He has filled all the chairs in the I. 0. 0. F., and is a member of the Grand Lodge of that Order. He is also a member of the K. of P. and the G. A. R. and of the M. E. Cburch. He is the son of Samuel S. and Mary Ann Stevenson Marsh. His father has been connected with steamboat smithery, castings and rolling mills all his life, and is a native of New Albany and one of its sub- stantial citizens. ROBERT N. MORRIS was born Novem- ber 18, 1858, in New Albany, Ind., and is a son of William D. and Eliza A. (Cutshaw) Morris, the latter a native of Salem, Ind., and the former a native of Virginia, and who came to Indiana with his parents, and settled near Greenville in the early history of the State. He was a produce merchant, and also did considerable wholesale busi- ness. He died June 28, 1S82, aged 62 years. Robert N. Morris, the subject of this sketch, was raised in New Albany and edu- cated in the public schools. Pursuing his studies under competent teachers, he mastered the common branches and acquired a good practical education that has been of great benefit to him in his active business life. He was elected city clerk in 18S3, and re-elected in 1885. He became a candidate for auditor in 1886 and, illustrative of his popularity, was elected by 1,187 majority against Demo- cratic nominee. He is a prominent Mason and senior warden of his lodge; belongs also to the Odd Fellows and to the Knights Pythias. WILLIAM MURPHY (deceased) was born January 9, 1809, in Hampshire county, Va., and was a son of John and Sally (Miller) Murphy, the former a native of "Auld Ireland," and the latter of Vir- ginia. Her grandfather, Henry Miller, came to this country with William Penn, and at one time owned a farm on which the city of Philadelphia now stands. William Murphy, the subject, was reared on a farm ; when very young removed with his parents to Shenandoah county. Here he was taken by Garrett Seymour, a large planter and slave owner. He worked for him until he was 15 years of age, when he became overseer and drover — it being his business to take all the surplus cattle raised on Seymour's ijlantation to New York and dispose of them. He followed this until he was 24 years of age, when he married Miss Eliza Sills, of his native county of Hampshire. The result of this SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 103 union was six children, two of whom are living : Sarah married Mr. Martin and after- ward Mr. Tyler, and lives in Harrison county; Hattie married John M. Utz, and lives in New Albany. His wife died about 1849, and in 1850 he was married to Miss Catherine Weaver, of Floyd county. The result of this marriage was ten children, of whom seven are now living, as follows : William H., Isaac, Amanda, Archie G., Mattie, Kate and James E. Those dead are Franklin, Charles and Jane. Previous to his second marriage he removed to Floyd county, and settled on Isaac Park's land near Edwardsville. His neighbors collected and -erected a home to shelter his family, which they completed in one day. In after life he was often heard to say that those were the happiest days of his life spent in that little log house. He remained there seven years and then removed to the farm of William Sloan, and then to the farm now owned by Charles Duncan. He met with revers.es here, sickness, failure of crops, etc., which embarassed him finan- cially. He sold corn at twelve and a half cents per bushel, oats at seven cents, eggs three cents per dozen, and paid thirty-five cents a pound for coffee, calico fifty cents per yard. He followed teaming for a while, hauling, principally for Benjamin Baker, produce to Louisville, passing down the Knobs before the Pike was made. He then moved to New Albany, where he lived some twenty years. He worked in the shipyard of John Evans, and worked in boiler shed for Harper, who discharged him because he would vote for Henry Clay, in 1 844, in- stead of James K. Polk for President. He followed different kinds of business until 1S64, when he bought a farm in George- town township, on Indiana creek, to which he devoted his entire attention until his death March 28, 1886, at the age of 77 years. He and wife joined the M. E. Churchin 1867, and for nineteen years lived a most exemplary and consistent Christian life. Archie Murphy was born in Floyd county, December 4, 1859 ; was reared on a farm, educated in common schools until 17, when he entered Marengo Academy, in Crawford county, taking a regular course. He then commenced teaching, and has taught every winter since ; he also took a business course in New Albany Com- mercial College in 1880. He is one of the most successful teachers in Floyd county. James B. Murphy was born December 3, 1867. He was brought up on a farm, educated in the common schools, spent two years at Hartville school and one term at Marengo Academy, and also took a busi- ness course in New Albany Commercial Scuool. He also teaches in the public schools. The Murphy boys, as they are called, are industrious young men, and own 250 acres of fine land. GEOBGE A. NEWHOUSE, Sit., was born in Germany in 1841, and came with his parents to America in 1851, locating at New Albany, where he was educated in the public and private schools. He learned the trade of machinist in the shops of the Louisville, New Albany & Chi- cago Bailroad, with which company he has been for thirty-three years, filling the posi- tion of general foreman for many years, resigning it in the autumn of 1888. He is regarded as one among the best machinist in Indiana. He is a Past Master Mason and treasurer of New Albany Lodge, No. 39; a Past Grand in the Odd Fellows, and a Past High Priest in the Encampment of the same order ; a member of the Knights of 104 FLOYD COUNTY Pythias ; a member of the German M. E. Church, and treasurer of its Board of Trustees, and has been superintendent of its Sunday-school for many years. He is also Recording Secretary of the Board of Directors of the Y. M. C. A. In 1860 he was married to Mary E. Edler, of Wheeling, W. Va., and seven children have been bom to them : Ade- laide, wife of Wm. A. Laufer, of Louisville ; John F., who married Louisa Hartman, of New Albany, and is master mechanic of the Louisville Southern Railroad and the K. & I. Bridge Company ; Louisa J., wife of Henry L. Graf, agricultural dealer, New Albany; Florence A.; George A., clerk for Henry L. Graf ; Charles H., learning the trade of machinist; Edward A., and Flor- ence. George A. Newhouse, Sr., is the son of Frederick L. and Adelaide (Huneke) New- house, both natives of Germany. His father died at New Albany in 1880, aged 71 ; his mother died at New Albauy in 1871, aged 61. He has one sister, Mary, wife of Charles Goodbub, New Albany, Ind. DR. ELIJAH NEWLAND is a represen- tative of an old family. His ancestors came to America with William Penn, in 1682, the good old Quaker who settled Pennsylvania. Samuel Newland, Governor of the Bank of England a century or more ago. Dr. Newland was born in Burke county, N. C, June 20, 1807, and is a son of Benjamin Newland, a native of York county, Pa., who was born in 1763, and who was a sol- dier in the Revolutionary war. When but sixteen years of age, he stood his draft, drew a lucky number, shouldered his mus- ket, which he carried until , the close of the war. He was one of the guards of Lord Cornwallis, after his surrender at York- town. He was reared a Quaker, and after go- ing into the Revolutionary army he was disowned by his people. He did not re- turn home after the war was over, but sub- sequently married Miss Catherine Tate, a native of Pennsylvania. She was a daughter of Robert Tate, who said he was "neither Robert Tate, bond- man, nor Robert Tate, Yoeman, but Rob- ert Tate, Gentleman." Benj. Newland, the father of Dr. New- land, left Pennsylvania shortly after his marriage and went to Virginia, and later to North Carolina, from whence he removed to Salem, Ind., in 1825, when Gen John DePauw, Saml. Milroy, Alexander Little and Christopher Harrison (the latter the first Lieutenant-Governor of Indiana), were all prominent in politics. Dr. Newland, the subject of this sketch, attended school at Salem, at the Seminary of the famous John I. .Morrison. He read medicine with his brother, Dr. Rob- ert C. Newland, beginning his studies in 1828, attended lectures in 1829-30 at old Transylvania University at Lex- ington, Ky., when it was in the zenith of its glory, and the most famous institu- tion of learniug west of the Alleghanies. He graduated in 1830, and in April of that year began the practice of his chosen profession at Salem, his old home, — first with his brother until the latter removed to Arkansas in 1836, and after that alone. He had a large and lucrative practice, extending over six counties. This he kept up about twenty-three years in Washing- ton, performing nearly all the surgical op- erations in that county. There was a United States three per cent fund agent, to be appointed by the County Board as manager of that per cent fund, and he was SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 105 appointed manager. In 1843 he collected the taxes of the county, and in the Presi- dential election of 1844, he was on the Polk electoral ticket. In 1S52 he was elected State Treasurer, running 2,500 ahead of the ticket, and in 1S54 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention, by acclamation, for re- election, but the Know Nothing craze de- feated him. He could have claimed the office on a technicality, as the Know Noth- ing candidate was voted for under two or three different given names, but he waved the right. In 1866 he was elected to the Legisla- ture from Floyd county, having removed to New Albany in 1857. The Democrats were in the minority but he was an influential representative and was elected without dif- ficulty. When he removed to New Albany, Alexander Burnett, ex-Lieut. Gov. Hon. M.C. Kerr, Jno. B. Windstanley and A. P. Will- ard were prominent in politics. In 1853 he quit the practice of medicine, as he thought he had done his share of hard work and would surrender the field to younger men. They would not let him retire from practice while at Salem, and for that reason was elected Treasurer of State and removed to Indianapolis. He was married in 1832 to Miss Amanda Lyon, a sister of Dawson Lyon, Esq., de- ceased, of Salem. She died July 6, 1833. He was married again to Martha Mc- Pheeters, of Washington county. She died July 1, 1838. And he again married, in 1841, Margaret M. Talbot, of Madison, Ind. He has no children living ; a daugh- ter of his own was the second wife of Wash- ington C. DePauw. Newland T. and Charles W. DePauw are his only grand- children. He was cashier of the Bank of Salem, at New Albany, for four years, from 1857 to 1861, when, owing to ill health, he went out "hunting and fishing." He owns twenty-eight acres of land in Floyd county, 1,000 acres in Lawrence county, 630 acres in Washington county. He has been a member of the Episcopal Church for over twenty years. In 1841 he joined the Methodist Church, and for twenty-five years was a consistent member, when he joined the Episcopal Church. He is a prominent Mason and a Knight Templar. He is a strong Prohi- bitionist, and believes in a national law abolishing the liquor traffic. FRANCIS NORTON, born October 30, 1846, at Bordentown, N. J. When a child his parents removed to Troy, N. Y. Here he attended school till 14 years old, when he entered a rolling mill and learned the trade of roll turner. In 1864 he went to Montreal, Canada, to assist in the erection of a rolling mill, remaining three years. In 1868 he went to Newburg, a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, and engaged as roll a turner, and was the the first man at Cleveland to make a Bessemer steel wire rod, which proved very successful ; but very great im- provements have since been made in the Cleveland mill, it having grown into the largest Bessemer steel wire works in Amer- ica. In the fall of 1869, he located at New Albany, Ind., and engaged as roll turner at the Ohio Falls Iron Works, where he still remains, adding to his other position that of attending the guide-rolling department. In 1884 he was an alternate delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, and is at present a member of the Floyd County Republican Central Commit- tee. He is a member of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, and also a Mason, Odd Fellow, and Knight 106 FLOYD COUNTY of Honor. From 1863 till 1866 be was a partner with his brother-in-law, Geo. E. Beard, in the agricultural implement and seed business. He was married in 1885 to Mrs. Hattie Maur, of Chicago, 111., but has no children. He is the son of Joseph Norton, a native of Bloomfield, England, who came to the United States when he was but ten years old, and was reared in New Jersey. The father is a rolling mill man, and has built a number of large and costly rolling mills in the United States and Canada. He is still living, hale and hearty, at the age of 64 years, at New Albany, Ind. OLLIE OWENS, born at Owensbnrg, Greene County, Ind., Oct. 19, 1852. He was reared until 17 years old at Owensburg (which town was named for his father), at- tending the common schools there. At 17 he went to Mitchell, Ind., where he attend- ed the High School for two years. After leaving school he taught for two sessions, and then came to Floyd county, Ind., where he taught for three sessions. He spent his vacations in the drug-store of his brother-in-law, Isom Burton, at •Mitchell, in the study and practice of phar- macy. In 1S80 he engaged in the drug business for himself at No. 431 North Vincennes street, where he still carries on the business with the success that always follows intel- ligent enterprise and industrious application. On March 13, 1877, he was married to Miss Alice "White, daughter of Edward White, Sr., and they have four children — Estella, H. B., Marshall and Pearl. He is a Mason of the Boyal Arch Degree, a K. of P. and a member of the Baptist Church. In 1876 he was Deputy Marshal of Mitchell, Ind. His father, Lilburn Owens, is a native of Indiana and a farmer residing in Greene county, and is a blacksmith by trade. His mother, Eliza- beth Owens, was also a native of Indiana; she died in 1855, leaving six children — Juliette, Catherine, Marshall, Belle, Ollie and Howard. GEN. JASPER PACKARD, editor of the New Albany Tribune, was born in Maho- ning county, Ohio, Feb. 1, 1832. His parents were natives of Delaware. When he was three years of age his parents re- moved to Indiana, and settled in Marshall county on a farm, where he was brought up, and educated in the common schools, and at Oberlin College, Ohio, graduating from Ann Arbor, Mich., in 1855. He read law at Laporte, Ind., was admitted to the bar in 1859, and practiced until the war began. In 1861 he volunteered as a private in the 48th Indiana Infantry, and was pro- moted step by step until he became cap- tain of his company. In 1864 he was made lieutenant-colonel of the 12Sth In- fantry, and the next spring (1865) was made colonel of same, and at the close of the war was made brigadier-general for meritorious service during his long term. After the war he returned to Laporte and in 1866 was elected auditor of the county; in 186S he was elected to Congress, and again in 1870 and 1872. In 1874 he organized a new paper, The Laporte Chronicle which he published for four years, and then sold it because he had been appointed revenue agent, which he held for eight years. In 18S6 he started a daily paper, The Public Spirit. This he dis- continued and brought the material to New Albany, and in April 1SSS started the Tribune. He was married in 1855 to Miss Harriet S. Tibbits, of Michigan. They have three children. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 107 JAMES S. PEAKE, in point of contin- uous service in the business, is the oldest dry goods merchant in New Albany, Ind. He is the son of John Peake and Abigail Smith, and was born at New Albany, Jan- uary 9, 1834, and, being left an orphan at nine years of age, was reared in New Al- bany by the late Judge Thomas L. Smith. His father was a native of Kentucky, his mother of New York ; they came to New Albany in 1833. He was educated in the New Albany schools. In 1852 he entered the store of W. N. Benton as clerk ; in 1853 took a clerkship in Noyes & Clynes' store, remaining seven years ; in 1860 went to the dry goods house of E. M. Hubbert ; in 18(56 went to C. A. Eineking's store, re- maining until 1871, when he formed a partnership with John Baer, in dry goods, under the firm name of Peake & Baer. The firm continued eight years, doing a large business, when Mr. Baer purchased the stock. The same year (1879) Mr. Peake started in the dry goods business alone, and continues the business to this time at No. 48 East Market street, where he has built up a large and valuable trade. This makes 36 years of continuous service in the dry goods trade ; and it will be observed that Mr. Peake, as a clerk, was always in demand. This is a high compliment to his integrity as well as to his business tact and industry. In 1S62, Mr. Peake was married to Mary F. Pullen, daughter of Louis L. and Buth Elliott Pullen, her mother being the sister of the late Capt. B. L. Elliott, who com- manded the steamer A. L. Shotwell in her famous race with the steamer Eclipse, from New Orleans to Louisville. Two children have been born to them : Thomas H. and Buth A. Mr. Peake is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., and also of the Central Christian Church, and has been deacon in the church since its organization. He has been success- ful in business, and has won his suc- cess through sterling business qualities and integrity. GEOBGE F. PENN, born at Louisville, Ky., May 21, 1S47. His father, James C. Penn, was a native of Bedford county, Va., and his mother, Jane Floyd, a native of Kentucky. He is a self-made man. In 1862 he joined the Home Guards at Lynchburg, Va., and in the autumn of 1864 was at- tached to Nelson's Battalion of Kirkpat- rick's Battery of Amherst's Light Artillery of the Confederate service, and served in that capacity until the close of the war. Mr. Penn made his home in New Albany in 1866, his first employment being a clerkship in the glass works. In 1880 he was appointed superinten- dent of the window-glass and bottle depart- ments of the works, and in 1887 was pro- moted to superintendent of the plate-glass department of the works. He has been six times elected to the City Council of New Albany from the first • ward, serving twelve years, and at each election receiving a large majority of the votes of his ward. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity (being a Knight Tem- plar), of the 1. 0. 0. F., Knights of Pythias, A. 0. U. W., and Knights of Labor. Few men possess better business qualifications, and these he carries into the discharge of his official duties as a councilman. On December 28, 1870, he was married to Miss Mary F. Hart, daughter of Capt. William Hart, who served two terms as Mayor of New Albany, and was a promi- nent steamboatman, boat builder and citi- zen of New Albany. Five children have been born of Mr. Venn's marriage, one daughter and four sons. 108 FLOYD COUNTY Left fatherless at ten years and mother- less at twelve, Mr. Pemi has made his way in the world by individual effort and has risen to honorable positions by force of character in merit, in public spirit and per- sonal enterprise. LEVI L. PIERCE, a native of New- castle, Lawrence county, Penn., was born September 28, 1850, and is a son of David Pierce and Sarah Belle Pay, natives of Pennsylvania, who, when he was but six yearsold, died, leaving him an orphan. Mr. Pierce attended the common schools of his native county, and at the age of sixteen years took employment in the window-glass department of a glass works, remaining there until advanced to a blower. He came to New Albany in 1876 and took the position of blower with the New Albany Plate Glass, Window Glass and Bottle Works, and has been a resident of New Albany, and with the W. C. DePauw Com- pany ever since, now being superintendent of the window-glass and bottle departments of these works. He was married in De- cember, 1875, to Miss Belle Smith, of New- castle, Penn., who died November 14, 1884, leaving four children, two daughters and two sons, Nellie L., Emma, Harry M. and Ray. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and several other organizations ; also a member of the M. E. Church. He has has been solicited to run for Mayor of New Albany several times, but always declined to make the race. He has made himself what he is — emphatically a self-made man. CAPT JONATHAN PETERS was born in Orange county, Indiana, August 22, 1833. His grandparents, Jonathan and Mary Peters, and Jonathan and Mary Tatum, the former natives of Kentucky, the latter natives of North Carolina, were early settlers of Indiana, coming to the State in 1814. His father, John R. Peters, was born in the blue grass regions of Kentucky, com- ing with his father to the State when but three years old. The grandfathers, Jonathan Peters and Jonathan Tatum, were farmers, as was also John R. Peters ; and Jonathan Peters, the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, receiving a common-school educa- tion. In 1863 he enlisted as a private in the One hundred and seventeenth Indiana In- fantry, under Col. Thos. J. Brady ; but be- fore leaving Indianapolis he was elected second lieutenant, and afterward appointed quartermaster by Col. Brady. The regi- ment returned and was mustered out in 1864. In January, 1865, he recruited a company, and was commissioned captain, Co. F, 144th Indiana Infantry, in which he served until the close of the war, at which time he was A. A. A. General of Love's Brigade, Brooks' Division, Hancock's Corps, Army of the Shenan- doah. After being mustered out he came to New Albany, engaging as a traveling sales- man in the wholesale hat and boot and shoe trade until 1872, when he engaged in the newspaper business. He is now the principal owner and man- ager of the New Albany Daily and Weekly Ledger. In politics, Capt. Peters has always been a Democrat, taking a great interest in the organization and welfare of his party, fearless in its defense, but always ready to discountenance and condemn the mistakes of his party leaders. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 109 FRANCIS W. PETERS, born June 6, 1853, at Brownstown, Wayne county, Mich., educated in the common schools of his native county, and in 1872 went to Forks of Salt River, Ky. where he remained five months, and then located at New Albany, where he has since resided. He is the manager of the 1. F. Force Hickory Handle Works, one of the most ex- tensive of their kind in tbe West, and hav- ing many important business connections with other interests of its proprietor. Mr. Peters is a a man of practical experi- ence and of mechanical skill and good management. He is the son of JolmH. Peters and Eliza-' beth A. Chase, and his father was a pioneer of Michigan, walking to that State from the State of New York in 1836, when but 18 years old, his birth occurring in 1818. He still lives at Brownstown, Micb., a very active man, doing as much work on the farm as any hand employed. Francis W. Peters and Mary E. Force, sister of Mr. I. F. Force, proprietor of the Hickory Handle Works, were married in 1874 and have two boys : Clarence W. and Raymond F. He is a member of the Knights of Honor, being a charter member of tbe New Albany Lodge, No. 922. His mother died when he was but seven years old, leaving a husband and six children, one of whom, Charles 0., has since died. Of tbe survivors, Catherine N. married John C. VanRiper, and lives at Detroit, Mich., Clara A. married Myrarn Harryman, and resides at Duluth, Minn. : Jennie M. married L. M. Lovette, and resides at Oak Park, Chicago ; William H. is married, and lives at Michigan City, Ind. ; Francis W. married, and lives at New Albany, Ind. His father married a second time, bis last wife being Mrs. Caroline Metcalf, Browns- town, Mich., and by this union there are two children: John A. and Carrie J., both of whom are attending school. PAUL REISING is a native of Germauy, and was bom in 1819. He is a son of Frank and Mary (Lettinger) Reising, who came to America about 1850, and were plain honest German people. Paul, the subject, has been in the brewing business many years. He located in Louisville, Ky., in 1854, and, in partnership with Peter None, oper- ated the City Brewery two years, when the partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Reising removed to New Albany, where he has since resided. In 1858 he bought, at sheriff's sale, the brewery he now owns, and which he has ever since operated. It is one of the larg- est in the city, and has a cajmcity of about 12,000 barrels annually. Mr. Reising was married in 1843 to Miss StockmiUer, native of Germany. They have two children. He is a zealous member of the Catholic Church. JOHN J. RICHARDS was born in New Albany, Ind., Sept. 3, 1842. His father, Peter Richards, a butcher by occupation, was a native of Lorraine, and came to America in 1832. His mother, Anna Huhlgrun, was a na- tive of Bavaria. Mr. Richards was reared in New Albany, and is a butcher, though he served an apprenticeship as a coppersmith. He served one term as a member of the New Albany City Council. He was elected Mayor of the City in 18S3, was re-elected in 1885, and again re-elected in 1S87, and is now (1S8S) filling the office. In the responsible offices he 110 FLOYD COUNTY has been called to occupy by the votes of the people he has discharged his duties faithfully and well and has won great popu- larity. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a Knight Templar and a member of the German Benevolent Society. In 18(5-1 he was married to Elizabeth Eenn, a native of Floyd county, and a daughter of Joseph Benn, a native of Prus- sia and a pioneer of Floyd county. JOHN EUSSELL was born in New Albany, Ind.,. December 28, 1853, where he was reared. He was educated in the public Schools, being a diligent pupil. When but 13 years old he took employment in the Boiling Mill, working there at dif- ferent periods for fifteen years, during these years learning the trade of ship car- penter, which he followed for three years. He thus, by industry and natural aptitude in mechanical skill, acquired two good trades. In June, 1881, with John J. Lyons as a partner he engaged extensively in the hotel, livery and feed business, they taking charge of the West End Hotel, West Seventh and Main streets, New Albany. He is a man of great business energy and enterprise, and by these and his general popularity has financially prospered. He was married in November, 1S82, to Miss Ida Martin, of Fail-mount, Jefferson county, Kentucky, and three children, John G., Mary L. and EdnaC. have blessed the marriage. He is a member of the Catholic Knights of America. His parents are John Bussell and Mary Bussell (not re- lated before marriage, though both of the same name). Both are of County Cork, Ireland, and came to the United States in 1850 and located at New Albany, where both now reside. CHABLES SACKETT was born in West- field, Mass., May 13, 1813, and with his father, a native of the same place, came to Indiana in 1825, the family locating at Corydon, Harrison county, where he learned the trade of a carpenter, afterward establishing himself in the business of con- tractor and builder, carrying on this busi- ness in Harrison county until 1844, when he removed to New Albany and carried on, very successfully, the same business until 1875. Mr. Sackett served the people of Floyd county as county commissioner for about ten years. Afterward he was elected county auditor, serving in that position the full legal term, discharging all the public trusts confided to him with the strictest fidelity and to the satisfaction of the people. He was noted as a contractor and master builder. Among the noted public build- ings he erected are, the Floyd County Court House, the New Albany Opera House and Wesley M. E. Church. He was the architect and builder of many of the best business houses and residences in New Albany. He always was public spirited and identified himself with all the enterprises that have helped build up the city, particu- larly the manufacturing industries and railroads. He is the heaviest stockholder in the New Albany Forge and Boiling Mill and president of the company. In 1S37 he was united in marriage to Miss Josie Gresham, the daughter of George and Mary Gresham, in Harrison county, his wife being an aunt of Judge W. Q. Gresham of the U. S. Courts of Indiana, Illinois and Wisconsin. Mr. Sackett's marriage was blessed by thirteen children of whom ten survive: Ozen, George E», Belle M., Mary, Katie, Jennie, Alice, Will- iam, Frances and Ida May. Mr. Sackett's SOUVENIR SKETCHES. Ill mother was Sallie Woods, of Groton,' near Boston, Mass., a woman of strong person- ality, and for a brief time bis parents re- sided in Boston, starting west from tbat city and crossing the Alleghanies in a wagon to Pittsburgh, where they remained for a time, then purchased a flatboat, in which they floated down the Ohio to the mouth of Harrod's creek, near Louisville, Ky., and thence to Corydon, Ind., where he purchased a farm, to which the family re- moved. After the death of his wife the father of Mrs. Sackett returned to his native town in Massachusetts, where he died in 1858, at the age of 68. Associated with Mr. Sackett in the Steam Forge and Roll- ing Mill Company is his son. Mr. George E. Sackett, who is secretary and treasurer of the company. Mr. Sackett served sev- eral terms as a member of the New Albany City Council. CHARLES W. SCHINDLER, Recorder of Floyd county, is a native of New Albany, born Nov. 4, 1858. His father, Albert Schindler, a native of Germany, and a plasterer by trade, came to New Albany in 1848, and, after a useful and honorable life, died June 16, 1886. His mother, Mary Boersie, was also a na- tive of Germany. Mr. Schindler, after receiving a full course of instruction in the schools of New Albany, became a student at the Ohio State Normal School, at Lebanon, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1883. He learned the trade of plastering from his father, but became a successful teacher in the public schools of his native county, winning merited popularity by his devotion to his duties. In 1884 he was a candidate for the State Legislature and was defeated on a technicality before the Democratic Conven- tion of his county. In 1886 he was nominated by the Demo- cratic party, and elected County Recorder, the duties of which responsible ofiice he is discharging with fidelity to the interests of the people and with honor to himself. His wife was Miss Fannie M. Stolzer, daughter of William Stolzer. LEVI H. SCOTT, was born in Lafayette township, Floyd county, Ind., March 26, 1856, and after attending the public schools he became a student at the Bedford Male and Female College, from which he graduated. He then took a full course at the North era Indiana Normal College, Valparaiso, from which he graduated in 1878. He immediately commenced teaching in the public schools of Floyd county, and in 1881 was elected county superintendent of Public Schools. In 1883 he failed of re- election and resumed teaching at Scotts- ville, Floyd county. In June, 1885, he was again elected county superintendent, and re-elected in 1887. In 1888, March 16, he received the Democratic nomination for treasurer of Floyd county, to which office he was elect- ed by a handsome majority Nov. 6, 1SSS. In 1879 he was married to Miss Hanna G. Scott, daughter of Wesley Scott, of Floyd county, Ind. He is the son of Jeremiah and Dorcas Wilson Scott, his father being a native of Floyd county and his mother of Clark county, Ind. His father was born in 1 S31 and was a prominent farmer of Floyd county ; he died May 28, 1886, leaving a wife and eleven children ; all are living except the eldest. They are Wesley (who died Dec. 24, 1886, being trustee of Lafayette township), Lev 112 FLOYD COUNTY H., Walter J., Angeline, Martha A., James H., William, Dorcas, May and Estella. Mr. Scott has three children : Orella, Maude, Berla and Daisy. He is an Odd Fellow and a meinher of the Christian Church. JAMES G. SHIELDS was horn in Floyd county, Ind., October 10, 1829, and is a son of Clement N. and Mary (Stewart) Shields. The former was a native of Barren county, Ky., and is a son of Patrick Shields, who came from Virginia to Indiana when the latter was a Territory. It is said that the first religious meeting held in the Territory was held in his house. Mary Stewart Shields was born in Barren county, Ky ., of a very strict Christian family. His father, after moving to this State, commenced merchandizing near New Albany in 1830, and 1832 moved into New Albany, where he continued to reside until his death. The grandmother of the subject was among the first white women in the State of Indiana, and his grandfather was a member of the Provisional Convention that got up the Territorial Constitution of government of the Indiana Territory. He was with Gen. Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was his warm personal friend, a Whig and a warm supporter of the General for the Presidency. James G., the subject of this sketch, is the eldest of two boys, and was reared in New Albany. He received a good practical education, and upon reaching manhood en- gaged in the retail dry goods business ; he was also interested at the same time in five Ohio river steamers, viz : "Huntress," "Star," "Burd Levi," "Cora S.," and "Ollie Sullivan." His last steamboat venture was in 1879 — "Steamer Shields." Prior to the war he was engaged in the jobbing business — from 1853 to 1860 — at New Albany, Indiana, and Keokuk, Iowa. He served the Government during the war, carrying provisions. Since the war he has been a traveling salesman in Arkansas, representing McCord & Aydelotte hat house in Louisville. Both members of this firm died in 1888, and since January 1, 1889, Capt. Shields has been in the employ of their successors, H. C. & C. I. Warren. In 1852 he was married to Miss Cora A. Snyder, of Salem, Ind. They have one daughter living out of four ; his son Harry died in 1879. He is a 33d degree Mason and a Past Eminent Commander of Knights Templar No. 5, New Albany, Ind. Mr. Shields is a man of intelligence, a business man of the best qualities, and a thorough gentleman. S. S. STALCUP was born in Valeene, Inch, in 1855, and is a son of John and Mar- tha (Riley) Stalcup. His grandfather, Sam- uel Riley,was a native of Virginia, and came to this State when a boy. He grew to manhood and became a thorough business man. He established a bell foundry, and later engaged in mercantile business. When the Mexican war broke out he vol- unteered and served twelve months. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public schools of New Albany, his family having removed to this place when he was but six years old. He worked for a time in the brick business, and in any- thing else that would support him. In 1875, he went into partnership with Geo. Hopkins, of Louisville, Ky., in the mercan- tile business, which he continued for two years. He was married in 1880 to Miss Ida SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 113 Samuel, of Louisville. They have three children — Carrie, Horace and Samuel S. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of the I. 0. 0. F., K. of P. and of the Republican party. JACOB B. STARR, born in Bym- ville, Harrison county, Ind.,June 16, 1847, but located at Georgetown, Floyd county, Ind., with his parents, at the age of ten years. He was educated at the common schools and then took an elective course in Harts- ville University, completing his work in this institution in 1869. He then taught school in the county for nine years, when, in 1878, he was elected principal of West Spring Street School, New Albany, Ind., and removed to that city. He continued seven years as principal of this school, when, in 1885, he was elected superintendent of the public schools of New Albany, and is now serving his fourth term in that honorable and re- sponsible position. In 1876 and 1877 he was trustee of Georgetown township, Floyd county, Ind. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and of the Christian Church. In 1872 he was married to Miss Mary J. Lidikay, of Floyd county, and three chil- dren have blessed the marriage — Her D., Oscar E. and Hattie M. He is a son of David B. and Alary Ar- genbright Starr, both natives of Harrison county, Ind. His father served three years in the army, which broke down his health, and from the effects of which he died at his home in New Albany in December, 1887. His mother is a resident of New Albany. He has two brothers living — W. L. Starr, a practicing physician and county coroner, and Huon J. Starr, mill- wright, New Albany. PETER R. STOY, general manager, vice-president and treasurer of the Ohio Falls Iron Works. There are few men in Indiana who have attained more local prominence, socially and financially than the subject of this sketch. His history is much like that of others, who, by their own efforts have attained competence and position and yet wore the stamp of indi- viduality. Commencing with no capital but an unblemished character, he has, by honesty and fair dealing, become known as one of Indiana's successful business men. He was born February 25, 1825, in the village of New Albany. His father, Peter Stoy, was a ship cabin builder, who was born and reared in Phila- delphia, Pa. His mother, Mary E. (Wicks) Stoy, was a native of Erie in the same State. Peter Stoy, Sr., came to New Albany in 1818. Mr. Stoy attended school in his native village until he was fifteen years of age. He entered the hardware store of Charles Woodruff, January 1, 1841, and continued in this and the dry goods business as clerk until 1846. At this time the death of his father occurred, and he took charge of the estate which was badly embarrassed. He succeeded in set- tling all liabilities and saved a competence for his mother. In the spring 1847 he took the position of clerk on the Ohio River Steamer "Atlantis," but left this employ- ment after one season, as the influence and early training of a pious father and mother made the wild and boisterous life ,of the steamer repugnant to him. He then en- gaged in the hardware trade in the store of his former employer — who had died in the meantime — accepting a share in the pros- 114 FLOYD COUNTY spective profits of the business in lieu of salary. Here he remained until 1851 when he went into business on his own account. Purchasing his stock on an Eastern market, at first hand, he was enabled to offer as good inducements to the trade as older houses and became very successful. He has made numerous friends, and has passed through two severe finan- cial crises with his credit unquestioned. In 1866, with several others, he organ- ized the Ohio Falls Iron Works. In 1873, after the great financial panic, he was elected vice-president of the company and in January, 1S76, he was chosen vice- president, treasurer and general manager which position he now holds. He also continues his hardware business at the old stand, in which he is ably assisted by his two sons, Lewis R. Stoy and Raymond P. Mr. Stoy has been a member of the City Council the greater part of the time since 1850, and was elected by a large majority to the important office of commissioner of Floyd county. He is not now and never has been a politician. His political prin- ciples are Republican, but he was elected to office by the aid of Democratic voters in a county which gives a large Democratic majority. In 1850 he married Miss Ellen Beeler, of New Albany, Ind., daughter of William and Elizabeth Beeler, and is a member of one of the best families of Floyd county. Mr. and Mrs. Stoy have been honored members of the M. E. Church since 1S43. Socially and financially Mr. Stoy stands among the most highly respected and in- fluential citizens of New Albany. GEORGE J. STROBEL was born at New Albany, Ind., April 26, 1861. His parents, Simon Strobel and Julia Wink- ler, were natives of Germany, , com- ing to America in 1855, and locating at New Albany, where his father engaged in the leatber business, which he continued until his death in 1881, at the age of 49, leaving a wife and five children; they are all living. They are George J., John L., Josephine, Carrie and Katie. George J. Strobel was reared in New Albany and educated in the public schools, graduating from the New Albany Commer- cial College. After his graduation he engaged in the jewelry business at Cincin- nati, but in 1883 returned to New Albany and entered the queensware business, which he continued until 1887, when he sold out and turned his entire attention to the wholesale leather and shoe finding business, which he had controlled while in the queensware trade. His place of busi- ness is at No. 8 East Market street. He is a member of the German Benev- olent Society and of the Catholic Church, and a man highly esteemed in business and social circles. His father was also a member of the Catholic Church, a business man of enterprise and a highly respected citizen. SHELBY SUMMERS was born in Floyd county, Ind., December 5, 1845, and is a son of Joseph and Elizabeth (Utz) Sum- mers ; the former was born in Virginia, May 2, 1817, and came to Indiana with "his parents when but a year old ; his wife, Elizabeth Utz, was born in Indiana, and is a daughter of Conrad and Elizabeth (Baker) Utz, both of whom were born in Rockingham county, Va. ; the former in 1784 and the latter in 1790. The subject of this sketch, Shelby Summers, was brought up on a farm and educated in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. li- the common schools. He was married, at the age of twenty-five, to Miss Henrietta Welch, a daughter of William and Eliza- beth (Russell) Welch, natives of this State. Mr. and Mrs. Summers have three chil- dren, viz : William 0., Joseph V., and Elizabeth E. Mr. Summers owns sixty acres of highly improved land. He is an enterprising and prosperous farmer. He was elected township trustee of George- town township at the last election (18SS) on the Democratic ticket. JOHN H. THOMAS was born in Floyd county, Ind., February 9, 1828, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Martin) Thomas, the former a native of North Carolina, where he was born in 1807. His ances- tors, he affirmed, came over in the May- flower, making the Thomas family one of the oldest in the country. They event- ually settled in Maryland, and from thence went to North Carolina, and came to this State many years ago. The latter, Mary (Martin) Thomas, was born in 1807, and was a daughter of Thomas Martin, who was a soldier under Gen. Harrison in his Indian campaign of 1811, and was with him in the battle of Tippecanoe. He came originally from North Carolina. John H., the subject of this sketch, was raised principally in Harrison county, and educated in the common schools — some of them very common — being of the log cabin, puncheon floor, stick chimney kind, com- mon a half century ago. After reaching maturity, and having obtained a fair edu- cation, he commenced teaching, and fol- lowed it through the winter seasons from 1849 to 1864, occasionally teaching a summer term also. He then engaged in mercantile business in Georgetown, hav- ing moved to this county, which he has since followed with good success. Mr. Thomas was married in 1854, to Miss Lavinia Zimmerman ; both of her parents were of German origin, and emi- grated to America in an early day, and settled in Maryland, thence to Virginia, and thence to Indiana, when in woods. Mr. and Mrs. Thomas have no children — he, however, takes an active interest in educational matters. Mr. Thomas was elected clerk of Georgetown township, assessor for four years, and after serving a term was elected school trustee, which office he held for two or three terms ; he is at present one of the trustees of the town. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. LOUIS VERNIA, born in Floyd county, Ind., June 9, 1S36, is a son of Peter and Susannah Piers Vernia. His father was a native of France, but came to the United States when only 15 years old, engaging, after his maturity, in the mercantile business, and being a heavy purchaser and shipper of produce to New Orleans and other Southern markets, con- tinuing this business most of his life, and dying in 1881, at the age of 73 years. Mr. Vemia's mother was a native of Ireland, coming to America at the age of five years. Louis Vernia, the subject of this sketch, received only 'a common-school education. In 1857 he commenced business as a re- tail grocer in New Albany, continuing for four years. He then changed his business to a dealer in feed and grain and whole- sale and retail groceries, his establish- ment being on Spring street and very large, and his business very extensive. In 1887 he began to wind up his large 116 FLOYD COUNTY business, but is yet engaged in the grocery trade. Mr. Vernia is a member of the Holy Trinity Catholic Church, and presi- dent of the prosperous Total Abstinence Temperance Society of that church. He has served several terms as a member of the New Albany Council, and was a reli- able and wise member of that body. He was married in 1868 to Mary E. Doherty, a native of Floyd county, Ind., and ten children have been born to the marriage : Mary, Anna, Susannah, Thomas, Louis, Edward, Paul, Martin, Roger and Herman. FERDINAND GRAHAM WALKER is an artist of no mean pretentions. He was born at Mitchell, Lawrence county, Ind., February 16, 1859, and is the second son of Rev. Francis and Mary Graham Walker, natives of Ohio and Indiana respect- ively. His father is a Methodist preacher, and a member of the Indiana Conference, with which he has been connected for thir- ty-one years. Early in life Mr. Walker manifested the taste for art, which he has since cultivated with such marked success. At ten years of age he loved to draw, and in such exer- cises at school excelled all his young fel- low pupils with ease. At the age of fifteen he entered the Art Department of DePauw College, where he remained some time. During this period he also received instruction and criticisms from Gen. S. W. Price, at that time a prom- inent artist of Louisville, Ky. Mr.Walker's success during these days marked the beginning of his true devotion to painting. Having made art his chosen study and vocation, October of 1885 found our gifted young painter a student in the famous art schools of Paris, France. Here at the Ecole de Beaux Arts and the Academie Colarossi, under the direct influence and guidance of the masters in Art, he enjoyed the highest advantages the world can af- ford a student for perfecting himself in the law and technic of fine art. His successes in the Paris schools were even more flattering than those of previous years. At the Academie Colarossi, after having been abroad but four months, Mr. Walker ranked third in the concours in a class of pupils some of whom had studied in the French schools eight years. Returning to the United States in No- vember of 1886, Mr. Walker re-established himself in New Albany in the studio which he had opened prior to going abroad. Since returning he has given his time ex- clusively to palette, brush, and canvas, with that devotion to be seen only in the true artist. He married Miss Mary Watkin, an ac- complished lady of New Albany, whose congenial tastes and sympathies finely harmonize with her husband's artistic in- clinations. Thus far Mr. Walker has given largely of his time to portrait painting. But, though only turning thirty, he has done a great deal of fine work in other fields as well. He is an artist of high rank, and his genius is rapidly winning him a brill- iant reputation. HENRY WATKEYS, a prominent in- ventor of New Albany, and master mechan- ic of the L., N. A. & C. shops, was born in the Dominion of Canada in 1829. His parents, Henry and Susan Watkeys (nee Potter) were both Canadians by birth ; his father was a mechanic by trade. The sub- ject of this sketch, after receiving only the SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 117 advantages of a common-school education, learned the trade under the tutelage of his father. In 1S79 he invented a movable valve seat for locomotives, and in 1880 he invented a throttle valve, which was adopted by the principal railroad systems of New York State, and at once linked his name among the other great inventors of the country. Among other things Mr. Watkeys has invented, and those which have proved successful as inventions, are thcs car axle with independent wheel, breech loading shotgun, water valve for hydrant purposes, etc. His wife was a Miss Serviah T. Coleman, of Massachusetts, to whom he was married in 1850, and have eight children — Henry, who is engin- eer and master mechanic; Luther C, clerk in L., N. A. & C. office; Frederick D., mechanic and draftsman; Frank B., ma- chinist ; the younger ones are Charles W., Gertrude, Mabel and Marion. Mr. Wat- keys is an ardent Republican, and is a successful business man as well as a suc- cessful inventor. JOHN R. WEATHEES, teacher, New Albany, Ind., was born at Marengo, Craw- ford county, Ind., March 12, 1847. He is a member of one of the oldest and most prominent families of his native county. His father, Capt. Enoch Weathers, a leading farmer of his day, was also a na- tive of Crawford county, and during his life held important local offices, and for many years held the rank of captain in State Militia. Capt. Weathers' father, Richard, a Ten- nesseean by birth, came to Crawford county, and settled there about 1810. Richard Weathers followed the pursuit of farming, and for many years he was a member of third division of Uaited States Militia. John R. Weathers, the subject of this sketch, received his primary education in the common schools, and subsecpiently entered the State University at Blooming- ton, Ind. In 1870, he began life as a teacher in Marengo Academy, and continued as such in that institution until 1873, when he came to New Albany, and in the same year took charge of the Main street ward school, and held this position for six years. In 1879 he removed to Little Rock, Ark., and became editor-in chief of the Little Rock Chronicle and Arkansas School Journal. There he remained for one year. Returning to New Albany, he superintended the East Spring street school for one year, going thence to Canuelton, Ind., and was for five years superintendent of the public schools of that city. He again returned to New Albany, and was elected principal of the East Spring street school, the position he now fills so acceptably to the patrons of the school. Mr. Weathers' wife was a Miss Zibbie Anderson, of Bloomington, Ind., to whom he was married in 1870. Two children, Daisy M. and Nellie G. John R. Weathers is a member of the Christian Church, a Mason, member of the G. A. R. Order and Sigma Chi frater- nity, and is one of the leading and best known educators in Southern Indiana. MERRILL A. WEIR, who was born at Salem, Washington county, Ind., is an illustration of what well directed, honest business effort may accomplish. His father, David T. Weir, was born in Shelby county, Ky., and his mother, Ann Eliza Townsend, in Bourbon county, Ky., 118 FLOYD COUNTY and were married in Clark county, Ind., December 31, 1826. Merrill A. Weir was attending the pub- lic scbools at Salem when his father died, leaving a wife and five children, and com- pelling him, in order to aid in their sup- port, to leave school. By working at fifty cents per day and $S.OO per month, he assisted his mother in educating and pro- viding for the rest of the children, being the main support of the family. At 22 years, having accumulated some money, he was married to Miss Nancy A. Bliss, daughter of Leonard Bliss, a promi- nent farmer of Washington county. He then engaged for three years in the drug business at Salem, and then commenced rlatboating and speculating in produce. This laid the foundation of his fortune. He left the river when the war broke out, and located at Mt. Vernon, Ind., where he entered largely into speculation in produce, pork and wheat — at one time, with two others, having $250,000 invested in pork and wheat. At the close of the war be was one of a party of cajutalists that organized the First National Bank of Mt. Vernon, Ind. ; was an officer and director in the bank for seven years, resigning in 1871, and removing to New Albany, where for two years he oper- ated in pork. In 1874 he helped to organize the Sec- ond National Bank of New Albany, of which he was elected director and cashier, ■ serving as such until January, 1883, and then elected vice president. In October, 1884, he resigned, intend- ing to quit business, but was called, in De- cember, 1884, to take charge of the New Albany National Bank as cashier, the for- mer officer having resigned. Mr. Weir still remains in this position. He started out in the world without a dollar, as the main support of his father's family, which he continued until they were all grown, and bought the old homestead of the heirs, built a good house on it, and gave it to his mother for a home during her life. At her death, not being willing that it should pass into the hands of stran- gers, he gave it to the Methodist Episcopal Church, for a parsonage, on the sole con- dition that the trustees of the church* were to keep the graves of his parents in good condition after his death. This prop- erty cost him $3,500. He never had any children of his own, but assisted in the rearing and education of several. He never had a note to go to protest, and could always, within twenty- four hours' notice, pay all he owed. While residing at Mt. Vernon, he deposited $10,000 in E. R. James' Bank, just before it failed, this being all the money he had. Two years later he got eighty cents on the dollar; yet when he thought he had lost all this money, he was not discouraged, but pushed ahead with energy, and dur- ing the two years he had to lay out of its use, made $30,000. Mr. Weir and his wife have always been kind to and helped the poor. Both are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Weir is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, and a Knight Templar of that ancient and honorable order. SAMUEL M. WEIR is a descendant of an old Virginia family, who emigrated to Kentucky in pioneer times. He was born in New Albany, January 9, 1846, and is a son of William M. and Cassandra (Rob- ertson) Weir, natives of Shelby county, Ky., but who removed to Clark county, when Indiana was still a territory. He (William M.) located in New Albany in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 119 1826, and was a cabinet-maker and under- taker by trade. He was a man of consid- erable local prominence, and served as mayor of tbe city in 184G and 1847; and also city treasurer for 1856, and was a strong Whig in politics. He died in 1 S62. Middleton Robertson, tbe maternal grand- father of the subject, was a native of Maryland, and removed to the Indiana Territory about 1795-98. Samuel M., tbe subject of this sketch, was educated in the public schools and in Towsley's private school. Most of his life has been spent in the public service. He commenced as clerk of the City Court, which he continued for six years ; then was deputy city treasurer for eight years, and bas now been city treasurer for four- teen years in succession. He is a most excellent and accommodating public of- ficer, an honest man, and a worthy citi- zen. In IS 74 he married Miss Anna S. Humphreys, a daughter of Captain Hum- phreys, of New Albany, a prominent steam- boat builder, and one of the early citizens of the county. JAMES E. WILSON was born in Cory- don, Harrison county, Ind., July 16, 1830, and is a son of George P. R. and Sarah (Spencer) Wilson, the former a native of Kentucky, and bom in Bardstown in 1802. After his birth his parents moved to Louis- ville, where they remained until 1820, when they moved to Corydon, Ind. George P. R. was a man of considerable prominence, and among the leading statesmen of that day. He was elected to fifteen or sixteen terms in the State Legislature, and one term State Senator, and for twenty years took as active a part in politics as any man in Harrison county. He was considered one of the finest orators in Southern Indiana. He was liberal in his views, earnest in his convictions, and delighted in the com- pany and associations of old friends, with whom he could enjoy himself to the fullest degree. He was fond of hunting and fishing, and was considered one of the best rifle shots ofhis time. His father, Joshua Wilson, was a Virginian by birth, but of Irish descent. Sarah Spencer, the mother of our subject, belongs to one of the most promi- nent families of Harrison county. She was the youngest daughter of Capt. Spear Spen- cer, a native of Nelson county, Ky., who was captain of a company and participated in the battle of Tippecanoe, and was killed on the field. Sbe was born in Vincennes, January 13, 1S09, and the same year her parents moved to Corydon, where she was brought up and lived all her life, dying there July 13, 1885. Her mother was Elizabeth Polk, of Nelson county, Ky., daughter of Capt. Charles Polk. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared principally on a farm — that known as the old Harrison farm, situated seven miles west of Corydon, on Blue river, and once owned by Gen. William Harrison, grandfather of President Harrison. He remained on the farm until he was about twenty-two years of age, but was educated mostly in Corydon. He was married in 1852, to Mary J. Davis, a native of this county, and born about eight miles northeast of Corydon. They have seven children, all of whom there are dead but two. GEORGE W. WOLF was born in Har- rison county, April 13, 1835, and is a son of David and Mary (Utz) Wolf, the former born in Kentucky and the latter in Vir- 120 FLOYD COUNTY ginia. The elder Wolf came to Harrison county in 1811 where he lived a number of years and then removed to Floyd county. He died at the age of eighty years. His father, George Wolf, was among the earliest settlers of Kentucky, and was a Pennsylvanian by birth and a Ger- man by descent. The maternal grandfather of subject, Adam Utz, was also of Ger- man origin, and removed to Indiana from Tennessee in 1812. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm in Harrison county until eight years of age, when he removed with his parents to Floyd county. He received a common school education, and at the age of twenty-six years, was married to Miss Sarah A. Merriwether, a daughter of James P. Meriwether, came from Kentucky, and was among the first settlers of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Wolf have never had any children, but they have partly raised three children. In the latter part of 1862 the subject enlisted in Eighty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Co. I, and served faithfully until the close of the war, but during the time was transferred to the Seventh Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps. He was honorably discharged June 30, 1865, and returned home. He has since devoted his time and energies to farming and stock raising, in which he has been entirely successful. He has a farm of 200 acres of excellent land, well improved and in a high state of cultivation. He is one of Floyd county's energetic and influential farmers, and stands deservedly high among his neighbors. CHARLES WOLF was born September 26, 1849, in Floyd county, Ind., and is a &on of David and Mary (Utz) Wolf, the former was one of the earliest settlers in Harrison county, Ind., but a native of Ken- tucky, born in 1805. His father, George Wolf, was one of the pioneers of the "Dark and Bloody Ground," and was of German descent ; the latter, Mary Utz, was born in Tennessee, her father emigrated to Indiana about 1812, and spent the remainder of his life there. Charles, the subject of this sketch, was brought up on the farm and received the benefit of a common-school education. He followed farm life for a number of years, and then engaged in the saw-milling business, which he still follows. He owns the Wolf Hotel in Georgetown, of which he is proprietor, and, also owns a number of town lots in Georgetown, and eighteen acres of highly improved land near the town. By careful management, economy and industry he has accumulated some property, and is so situated as to live com- fortably and independently. In 1871 Mr. Wolf was married to Miss Lavina Crandle, born in Floyd county, and a daughter of T. Crandle, born in Har- rison county ; his father was a native of Virginia, and a blacksmith. He made the first threshing machine used in Harrison county, and which was rather a unique affair compared with the perfect machines of the present day. Mr. and Mrs. Wolf have had seven children, viz : Ada M., born April 1, 1874 ; Ora A., born August 23, 1876; Marj M., born June 1, 1878; Zella (deceased), born January 22, 1881; Noble E. (deceased), born March 1, 1882; Lottie 0., born Juno 3, 1884, and Beulah, born August 17, 1887. Mr. Wolf is a man of prominence in his community, and has been School Trustee in Georgetown some six years, and has served as president of the board. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 121 FEEDERICK WUNDERLICH, a native of Germauy, was born October 30, 1830, and in 1848 came to the United States and located at Memphis, Tenn., remaining there one year. During this time he trav- eled through Tennessee and Mississippi, selling notions to the slaves. From Mem- phis he went to St. Louis, remaining there but a short time and coming thence to New Albany in 1850. He remained in New Albany but a short time, going to Louisville, Ky., where, in 1852, he engaged in the manufacture of boots and shoes and clothing, continuing in the business until 1864, when he pur- chased a large shoe manufactory in New Albany, and carried on the business for two years. In 1866 he engaged in the wholesale grocery business, which he sold out in 1867, and entered the live stock trade, buying and shipping to New Orleans. In 1869 he entered the feed, grain and com- mission business, and in 1873 added the wholesale liquor business, in which he is still engaged, doing the largest business in his line done in New Albany. Mr. Wunderlieh is a self-made man; he has built up his large business and a sub- stantial fortune by his untiring energy, un- swerving integrity and commercial aptitude. He is a prominent Mason, which order he joined in Louisville in 1855, and has filled every position in the Blue Lodge, he is also a member of the Scottish Rite in Masonry, of the Knights of Honor and of the Ancient Order of Workmen. He is a member of the City Council of New Albany from the Second Ward. He was married at Louisville, Ky., in April, 1853, to Miss Matilda Molloy, a native of Ireland, who came to the United Stetes in 1849. Two children, Mary and Christina, have blessed the union. Mary is the wife of Louis Michel, who was in business with Mr. Wunderlieh. Louis Michel's death occurred in Feb- ruary, 1889. HARRISON COUNTY. ALLEN ALLISON, Harrison county, cooper, a private in the late Civil War, was born in Boone township, Harrison county, April, 1844. His parents were Asa and Rebecca (Mason) Allison, and were consistent members of the Christian Church. His father was born in Bullitt county, Ky. , in 1780, as was also his mother in I7l>8. Mother's death occurred July 1, 1888. His father early settled in the county, and was a cooper by trade. Allen Allison volunteered in the 144th Indiana Regiment of Volunteer Infantry in February, 1863, and was honorably dis- charged at Indianapolis in July, 1865 ; at the close of the war he returned to his home, and has since followed his trade. JOHN ANSHUTZ was born in Saxony, Germany, April 5, 1830, and is a son of Henry and Margaret Anshutz, who came to the United States and located in Ken- tucky. The former died in Harrison county, Ind., in 1876 ; the latter still sur- vives, a hearty and hale old lady. John, the subject of this sketch was brought up in Louisville, and when the war broke out he enlisted Co. D, Twenty- eighth Ohio Infantry, in which he served for three years, being mustered out June 13, 1864, and returned to Louisville, his former home. His service was long and severe. He took part in all the engagements and marches and hardships of this regiment. After he left the army he married Miss Dora Sipp, November 1, 1864. She was the daughter of Conrad Sipp, a native of Germany. Mr. Anshutz, after several re- movals, located near Buena Vista, in this county, on a farm of 160 acres, which he purchased and has highly improved. Mr. and Mrs. Anshutz have two children, viz : Maggie, born July 27, 1865, and Anele born June 27, 1867. Mr. Anshutz stands well among his neighbors, and is an excellent citizen. JOHN ARNOLD was born in Alleghany county, Pa., in September, 1848, and is the son of George and Amelia (Philbert) Arnold, the former born in Hamburg, Ger- many, came to America in 1846, and located in Pennsylvania. He married Miss Amelia Philbert soon after his arrival at Beaver, Pa., a sister to Col. Philbert of the famous Illinois Zouaves. George Arnold enlisted in September, 1861, and was captain of Co. I, Fifth Pennsylvania Artillery, com- manded by George S. Gallop. Capt. 124 HARRISON COUNTY Arnold was discharged from the army on account of physical disability. John Arnold, the subject of this sketch, imbued with the martial spirit of his father, and, taking advantage of his absence, entered the army when but thirteen years old as a drummer boy. Capt. Arnold, hearing of his son's escapade, exercised his parental authority, and had him discharged, but Young America was not to be subdued. He entered the service as a page-boy to Gen. Meade and to make himself useful in any capacity about the general's head- quarters. He remained there nearly a year, when he enlisted, and was engaged in the same capacity with Gen. Phil Sher- idan as he had been with Gen. Meade, and was believed to be the youngest enlisted soldier from Pennsylvania. While in the service, he participated in the following en- gagements : Winchester, Piedmont, White Plains, Eectortown, Beach Bottom, etc., also in the raid through the Shenandoah Valley. He was discharged from the ser- vice June 25, 1865, and returned to his home in Pennsylvania. Having learned the trade of a cooper, he resumed that business and followed it, until 1869, when he came to Indiana, settling in Lawrence county. June 24, 1876, he was married to Miss Cecelia Anderson. This union re- sulted in two children, John B., and Mary. His wife died August 12, 1884. He moved to Clay county, 111., soon after his mar- riage, and when his wife died he returned to Indiana, settling in Elizabeth, Harri- son county. He is a prominent business man, and an honorable and repectable citizen. JOHN M. BAELZ, Recorder of Harrison county, was born in the town of Breiten- stein, county of Boeblingen, Wurtemburg, Germany, December 1, 1844, and is a son of John M. and Magdalena (Schlecht) Baelz. He was reared on a farm in Germany, and remaiued there until he was twenty- one years old, when he came to America in 1866, and eventually made his way to Louis- ville ; here he learned the baker's trade, remaining in Louisville and working at the trade for three years, when he removed to Corydon, and in 1870 opened a bakery, following the business until 1875, when he engaged in farming. He followed agriculture until 1886, when he was elected Recorder, which office he still holds. Previous to his election to the office of Recorder, he had held the office of trustee for Scott township for four years, the duties of which he faithfully discharged. He is a faithful and vigilant officer, and attends strictly to his official duties. He was married in 1870 to Miss Eliza- beth Netz, a daughter of John Netz, of Harrison county. They have eight chil- dren, five sons and three daughters. Mr. Baelz owns one farm in Scott town- ship, Harrison county, where he now re- sides. He is a zealous member of the fraternity of Odd Fellows. JOHN E. BARGER was born in Harri- son county, Ind., January 21, 1838, and is a son of Henry and Delilah (Abell) Bar- ger, the former a native of Harrison coun- ty, and a son of Philip Barger, who was born in Virginia. The latter, Delilah Abell, was a daughter of Ignatius and Catherine Abell. Ignatius Abell was a soldier in the War of 1812, and partici- pated in the battle of New Orleans. John E., the subject, was the third in a SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 125 family of eight children. He was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the common schools of the time. He enlisted in October, 1861, in Co. C, Fiftieth Regiment, serving gallantly until Decem- ber 5, 1863, when he was discharged on account of disability, being reduced from a strong man, weighing 165 pounds, to a skeleton of ninety pounds. He has par- tially recovered, but is not the man he was before entering service. He was married March 19, 1865, to Miss Mary I. Moss, a daughter of Benja- min L. and Mellison Moss. She was born in Louisiana, November 27, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Barger have seven children, born as follows: James W., March 10, 1866; Mary D., September 10, 1867; Henry H, August 26, 1869; Nancy M., March 5, 1872; Benjamin W., December 3, 1873; Philip T., September 10, 1876, and Martha B., June 14, 1880. Since the war he has devoted his time and attention to farming, and owns a good farm of 120 acres, highly improved and in afine state of cultivation. REUBEN BARTLEY was born in But- ler county, Pa., September 7, 1832, and is of Scotch-Irish parentage. He was born on a farm, where he remained until he was eighteen years of age, receiving but a lim- ited education in the public schools. He then went to Alleghany City, and became an apprentice to the trade of a plumber. After completing his apprenticeship he served for a time as a steamboat clerk between Pittsburgh and Louisville, but dis- liking the river he quit it and engaged at his trade in a plumbing establishment in Louisville as foreman. In April, 1855, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Rush, of Alleghany City, Pa., a daughter of ex-Mayor Jonathan Rush. He remained in Louis- ville until the fall of 1858, when he re- moved to Summit, in Clark county, Ind., retaining his position with the Louisville Chemical Works, with Prof. J. Lawrence Smith, remaining until 1860. When the the Civil War began in 1861, he com- menced recruiting a company for the Fed- eral army, but receiving a hurt which pre- vented him from taking the field, he turned his recruits over to another, sold his farm, and removed back to Alleghany City. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Co. G, 123d Pennsylvania Vol. Infantry, commanded by Col. John B. Clark. He was commissioned second lieutenant soon after the battle of Fredericksburg, and was mustered out with his regiment, at Harrisburg, Pa., May 13, 1863. Soon after quitting the army, he entered the detective service of the United States Government, where he remained a few months, when he was appointed second lieutenant by President Lincoln in the Signal Corps of the United States army, and ordered to report at Washington City. He arrived there in September and went into the Camp of Instruction at George- town Heights. He continued in camp till October 11, when he was ordered to report to General Meade, and remained on duty at his headquarters for some time, when he was selected by Capt. L. B. Morton to go, with Col. Ulrie Dahlgren, then making his preparations for an expedition, in connection with General Kilpatrick, to liberate the prisoners in and about Richmond. Lieut. Bartley had charge of all the signal ar- rangements, etc. The expedition failed, Col. Dahlgren was killed in an ambush and most of his men captured, including Lieut. Bartley. They were taken to old Libby and put in a dungeon under the prison, 126 HARRISON COUNTY with the pleasant assurance of being hanged in a short time. After suffering in- numerable hardships and remaining a pris- oner until in April, 1865, he was declared exchanged. When he was captured he weighed 160 pounds, and when he got back among his own friends he weighed but 118 pounds. Upon being exchanged he reported to Col. Fisher, Chief Signal Officer at Washington, who ordered him into camp at Georgetown to wait assig- ment. Col. Fisher wished him to go to Gen. Sherman, but he declined, because his eyes had failed to such an extent that he could not see to read signals. He was then assigned to Fort Ethan Allen, near the Vir- ginia end of the chain bridge, and soon after was ordered on secret service duty at the War Department, at the request of Hon. Jo. Holt, Judge Advocate General of the United States army. The special and most important work assigned him was to prove to the country that the Confederate authorities at Kichmond had placed a mine under Libby Prison, that they might blow it up in case the Dahlgren raiders succeeded in getting into the city, their ob- ject being to kill all the prisoners rather than that they should escape. This proof he succeeded in obtaining, and that from the very men who placed the powder in the mine. He performed the service, and was on duty until after the trial of President Lincoln's assassins. He was then dis- charged by the general order of the War Department, and returned to Alleghany City. He lost his property in 1861 by de- preciation, and he now set about repairing damages. He engaged in the plumbing business in Pittsburgh, remaining there un- til 1872, when he went to Youngstown, Ohio. He remained there two years, when his eyes failed, and he quit the plumbing business and spent two years in the oil re- gions. In 1877 he came to Harrison county, Ind., where he has since resided. SOCRATES J. BENCE, Harrison county, farmer and ex-sheriff of the county, was born in Harrison county, within four miles of Cory- don, November 5, 1825. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common schools of the county, and later attended the Corydon Seminary, taught by James G. May. On leaving school he returned to the farm, and was engaged in farming and saw-milling combined; in 1SS4 he became the nominee of his party, the Democrats, for sheriff of the county, and was elected, and at the end of his term of two years was re-nominated and was again elected by an increased majority, his majority being something over four hundred, while some of the other candidates for county offices on the same ticket were defeated. In 1853 he was married to Miss Ambrosia E. Nelson, of Harrison county, daughter of Franklin Nelson, farmer and Revolutionary soldier, who settled in the county from New York in 1816. To this marriage have been born six children : Walter A., Mary, Jennie, John F., Louanah and Charles W. Mr. Bence has a farm near town and is also engaged in the mercantile business at Corydon. His parents, John and Elizabeth (Miller) Bence, were born respectively in Jefferson county, Ky., and Pennsylvania. John Bence settled in Harrison county in 1818. He was a prominent farmer and once made the run for Representative to the State Legislature, and was beaten only eighteen votes by Frederick Leslie, a Whig and at that time the Whig party had a majority- in the county of about seven hun- dred. He died in 1852 and was born in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 127 1802, and Mrs. Elizabeth Bence died in 1874 and was born in 1818. JAMES H. BENNETT, M. D., was born December 27, 1837, in this county, and is a son of John and Rebecca (Moyers) Ben- nett, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Harrison county. The older Bennett was a farmer, but later engaged in merchandizing at New Amsterdam. Forty years ago he ran a peddling wagon. He was born in 1812 and died in 1882. He was a man of energy and enterprise, and engaged actively in every thing to promote the interest of the community in which he lived. He owned and ran the Amsterdam flouring mill, and was for some time town- ship trustee. Mrs. Bennett's father, John Moyers, was a native of Shenandoah county, Va., came here and entered the land around Amsterdam. James H., the subject, was reared on the farm and received a common- school education, after which he entered Hartsville College where he "finished off." In 1861 he enlisted in the First Indiana Cavalry as hospital steward, which he held for twenty months ; he then became assist- ant surgeon of Forty-sixth United States Colored Infantry, which position he held, not only until the close of the war, but for nearly a year after. For two years of his service, the chief surgeon being absent, he did all the work. After the war closed he came to New Amsterdam and engaged in the coal business for a year and a half. He then entered Miami Medical College, at Cincinnati, from which he graduated in 1S68. His practice in the army entitled him to one course of lectures, so he had to take but one at college. After graduating he commenced practice at Mauckport, Ind., in 1868, and in 1873 he came to New Amsterdam, and since that time has en- gaged in merchandizing. He was married in 1871 to Miss Margaret E. Pardy, a na- tive of Ohio. They have had eleven chil- dren, ten of whom are living. He served as postmaster at New Amsterdam until Cleveland's election, when he "walked the plank." He is an Odd Fellow, a member of Wm. T. Jones Post, No. 517, G. A. R., and is a Republican in polities. WILLIAM M. BENSON was born in this county, within one mile of Lanesville, January 16, 1832, and is a son of Robert and Malinda (Sampson) Benson, the former a native of England, who came to the United States when only fourteen years of age. He built the first canal at Louis- ville, Ky. ; left England in 1818, came to Louisville, Ky., in 1826, and to Indiana in 1832. William M., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools of the county. He was married in January, 1852, to Miss Anna Lemmons, daughter of John Lemmons, a prominent farmer of Harri- son county. They have nine living chil- dren, as follows : James, Kempt, Ella, Alonzo, Arthur, Robert, Ada Retta, Will- iam and Laura. James is married to Miss Martha Felmey, and is farming ; Ella is married to Joseph Brown, now working in the Democrat office in Corydon ; Robert is practicing medicine in Gibson county, Ind., at a town called Buckskin ; Laura is married to Joseph Yost, of Lanesville ; the others are all single and live at home. Mr. Benson is a large farmer and stock- raiser. He owns 350 acres of as good 128 HARRISON COUNTY land as there is in the county, and raises corn, wheat, potatoes and hay. He was elected trustee of Franklin township three successive terms, serving until 1874. In 1875 he took charge of the treasurer's office, having been elected on the Democratic ticket, and in 1876 was re-elected by a large majority. He is one among a few treasurers for 20 years who have come out of the office with clean skirts. He was elected justice of the peace in 1880, which he held until 1885, as the town of Lanesville was then incorporated and appointed a justice of the peace of its own. LEVI BLUNK was the seventh in a family of nine children born to Andrew and Mary (Johnson) Blunk, the former born in Jefferson county, Kentucky, and the latter of Virginia. Andrew Blunk was son of Andrew and Mary (Calhoun) Blunk, the latter, a blood relation to John C. Calhoun, the famous South Carolina statesman, and the former a pioneer who was known far and wide. He was well acquainted with Adam Poe, the borderer who killed the noted Indian chief "Big Foot," in a hand- to-hand fight; was also a compeer of Daniel Boone, Crawford, Dr. Knight, SloVer, etc. ; he was Revolutiona.xy soldier in the Virginia Line, and took part in many of the famous battles of that long contest. Mary (Johnson) Blunk was a daughter of Henson and Jane Johnson. Levi, whose whose name heads this sketch, was born September 8, 1837. He was reared on the farm, and received such education as the common schools afforded, together with the advantages of a select school at Elizabeth, this county. One of his brothers was a soldier in the Mexican war, and died there (at Brazos Santiago), August 0, 1846. Levi enlisted July 16, 1861, in Co. K, Twenty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged December 5, 1862, on account of disability. He was married May 8, 1864, to Miss Sarah E., daughter of James Bailey, Esq., and removed to Daviess county, Kentucky. She bore three children, viz : Nettie C, born May 20, 1866; Mary J., March 20, 1868; John T., November 11, 1870, and died March 10, 1871. Mr. Blunk moved back to Harrison county, and March 7, 1S72, was married to Miss Martha J. Shafer. Of this second mar- riage were bom six children, viz : Andrew J., Ela M., Levi G., Frank L., Elsa P. and Grover Cleveland ; all of whom are living except Frank L., who died August 15, 1881. Mr. Blunk lives upon the old home- stead where he was born, and owns 160 acres of good land. GEORGE BOONE was born in Boone township, Harrison county, Ind., March 16, 1837, and is the son of Craven and Sarah (Newman) Boone, natives of Jeffer- son county. Craven was the sou of George Boone, and the latter the son of Samuel Boone, and he the son of Moses Boone, and he the son of Squire Boone, who was a brother of Daniel Boone, pioneer of Ken- tucky. (For sketch of Squire Boone, see body of the history.) Craven Boone was born May 3, 1807, and died June 16, 1886. His wife, Sarah New- man Boone, was a daughter of Benjamin Newman, Esq., and was born in 1811. They had eleven children, of whom George Boone, the subject of this sketch, was the third. He (George) was brought up on a SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 129 farm, and educated in the common schools. He enlisted in the late war, August 18, 1802, in Co. E, Eighty-first Ind. Vol. Infantry, and was discharged June 13, 1865, on ac- count of the war being over. He went in as a private and came out as a first lieu- tenant. He was in the battle of Stone River, Nashville, Columbia, Teun., and of Chickarnauga ; was at the battle of Atlanta, and in all the engagements of that cam- paign, and several other minor battles and skirmishes, and after the war was sent to Indianapolis and thence to Louisville, Ky., where he was discharged. He married Miss Heneria Inman, a daughter of Charles and Hersalia Inman, of Harrison county, the former born in Rising Sun, Ind., and the latter in Floyd county, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Boone have had five children, viz: Frank F., born No- vember 3, 1869; Navaston W., July 24, 1871; Gertrude L., August 28, 1874- ; Charles T., November 1, 1883, and Claude N., January 4, 1886; all of them areliving. Mr. Boone is a successful farmer, and an exemplary citizen. CAPT. N. B. BOONE was bom in Boone township, Harrison county, Ind., June 12, 1835, and is a son of Craven Boone, a grandson of George Boone, who was a cousin of Squire Boone, the latter a brother of the old pioneer Daniel Boone, and an early settler in this county. Capt. Boone's mother was Sarah Newman, a daughter of Benjamin Newman, a native of Virginia, who moved to Tennessee and from there to Indiana. Capt. Boone is the second in a family of eleven children born to his parents, Craven and Sarah (Newman) Boone. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of the county and in the higher schools of Corydon. He was elected Re- corder of the county, 1858, and after serv- ing three years resigned to enter the army. In 1S62 he enlisted in the Eighty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Co. E., of which he was a captain. He resigned in October, 1863, and returned home. He was married October 8, 1867 to Miss Anna R. Helms, born August 1, 1846, and a daughter of Dr. H. N. and Mary Helms — the latter a daughter of Rev. John Davis, a Methodist preacher, and a sister to Hon. John W. Davis of Sullivan county, Ind., a member of Congress from that district. Capt. and Mrs. Boone have had nine children, as follows : Rush H., Mary M., Ida, Lola V., Fay N., Bonnie A., Ham- met N. and Anna C. (twins), and Daniel E. The twins, Hammet and Anna, both died in a few weeks after their birth. Capt. Boone was in the mercantile business, and sold goods at Laconia in 1864. From there he moved to New Albany, and after several other removals returned to Harri- son county, and located at Corydon. Remaining at Corydon (merchandising), he then removed to Mauckport, where he sold goods about eighteen months, and bought a store-boat, on which he made two trips, one to Cottonwood Point, Mo., and one to Memphis, Tenn. He followed merchandising from 1864 to 1874, since which time he has been de- voting his time to agriculture, and owns an excellent farm of 130 acres. PHILIP BORDEN was born in Scott township, Harrison county, in 1839, and is a son of Levi Borden, a native of Virginia, 130 HARRISON COUNTY and a grandson of Jonathan Broden, who came from Virginia in an early day and settled in this county, and was a farmer of considerable means. Levi Borden resides in Crawford county, and is over eighty years of age. Philip, the subject, was reared on the farm, partly in this and partly in Crawford county. He enlisted, in 1862, in the 06th Indiana Vol- unteer Infantry but was discharged in four months for disability. While in the serv- ice he took part in the battle of Bichmond, Ky., was captured by the Bebels, remained a prisoner four days and was then paroled. He returned to Crawford county. He owns 240 acres of valuable land, well improved. He was married in 1866 to Miss Sarah H. Sharp. They have seven children, viz : Perry, Lucilla, Leander, Daniel J., Ira, Julius and Benjamin. AMOS BRANDENBUEG was born in this (Harrison) county, August 27, 1883 and is a son of Philip and Lydia (Char- ley) Brandenburg, natives of Kentucky. The father of the former, Jonathan Brand- enburg, was born near Winchester, Va., and came to Harrison county, in 1816, from Meade county, Ky. George Charley, Sr., Lydia Charley Brandenburg's father, was a native of Virginia, and served through the Revolutionary war, and came to Har- rison county in 1811, and settled on a farm, on which was built the first water grist-mill in the county, on Big Indian creek. His pioneer neighbors were a Mr. Sam- uel Bell, from Kentucky, Mr. Nicholas Weadman and Jacob Flesh man. Jona- than Brandenburg died in 1854 at the age of seventy-nine years. Philip Brandenburg, father of Amos, was born December 8, lS03,andwasa farmer and saw-mill man. Absalom Brandenburg, the great uncle of Amos, settled on the now site of Branden- burg, Ky., and for him the town was named. Matthias Brandenburg, the great-grand- father of Amos, was born near Berlin, Germany. Amos Brandenburg, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm and edu- cated in the primitive schools of the time. He was captain of Co. H in the 6th Regi- ment Indiana Legion, and served through- out the war. He was in the John Morgan raid and in the battle of Corydon, under the command of Col. Lears Jordan, of this county. He was married, in 1861, to Miss Dor- thula Blankenbaker, native of the county, and daughter of Jesse Blankenbaker, an early settler. They had three children by this union — Wm. R., Charles S. and Flor- ence E. His wife having died in 1879, he married again in 1 880, Miss Emma E . As- kew a native of the county, and daughter of Thomas Askew, a native of Kentucky. They had by this union two children — Jen- nie L. and Kittie M. The Brandenburg family have a large estate in Germany, exceeding 29,000,000 dollars. JOSEPH BRANDENBURG was born March 22, 1830, and is the son of Philip and Lydia (Charley) Brandenburg, natives of Meade county, Ky. (For particulars of family history, see sketch of Amos Brand- enburg.) Joseph, the subject, was reared, on the farm and educated in the common schools. During the war was a member of the Home Guards, commanded by Capt. George La- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 131 Hue, and was in an engagement with Mor- gan during his raid through Indiana, in June, 1863. He was married, in 1859, to Miss Per- lina Myers, a native of Harrison county, and a daughter of Perry Myers. They have three children : Sarah Ellen, Mary Ann and Cora E. GEOEGE W. BRINLEY was born Jan- uary 17, 18-41, in Harrison county, and is a son of Hiram and Amanda (Lefler) Brinley, also of this county ; the former was horn about 1817, and was a farmer — died in 1817; the latter was a daughter of Peter and Catherine Lefler, natives of Kentucky, and was bom about 1810. George W., the subject, was the fifth of six children, and was raised on the farm and received but a common-school educa- tion. He followed farming until the war came on, when, in December, 1863, he vol- unteered in the Eighty-first Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, Co. F. His term expired in December, 1865, when he was mus- tered out of the service and honorably discharged. He joined his regiment at Bridgeport, Ala., and was immediately taken with pneumonia and confined to the hospital for three months. He then joined his regiment at Pulaski, Term., and was in the skirmishes of Spring- hill, and at Columbus, Ga. He was in the severe battles of Franklin and Nashville, where he was wounded. After the fighting was mostly over he was sent to Texas, where he remained until he was discharged. He returned home and has since farmed successfully. He has never married, but like a dutiful son, took care of his mother. His mother died October 1, 1888. LABAN BROWN was born in Monroe county, Kentucky, October 18, 1834, and is a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Otten) Brown, the former born in Virginia in 1787, and the latter in Georgia in 1808. The elder Brown emigrated to Kentucky and settled near Covington, where he re- sided until 1S39, when he removed to Indiana and settled in Crawford county; later he moved to Harrison county, where the remainder of his life was spent. He died about 1871. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, serving first under Gen. Harrison and afterward under Gen. Jackson ; was with the latter at New Orleans, and assisted in guarding the body of Gen. Pakenham, who commanded the British army, and was killed in that battle ; was with Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe. He was wounded while helping to build a fort during his service in the War of 1812, from which he was a cripple the remainder of his life. He was a zealous supporter and a consistent member of the Presbyte- rian Church. His wife, Elizabeth Otten Brown, came with her parents to Kentucky in an early day, where she married. She is still living, making her home with her children. The subject of this sketch, Laban Brown, was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. When twenty-four years of age he married Miss Catherine Blair. Her father was a Virgin- ian and her mother a native of Harrison county. Mr. and Mrs. Brown had four children, viz : Levi, Ida, Lela and William. Mrs. Brown died October 16, 1876, after being an invalid for nine years. In 1881 Mr. Brown married Julia Blume, a daugh- ter of John Blume, who was born in Ten- nessee, moved from thence to Shenandoah county, Virginia, and thence to Harrison county, Indiana. Two children was the 132 HARRISON COUNTY result of this marriage, viz : Ernest E. and Jessie May. Mr. Brown enlisted in Sep- tember, 1863, in Co. D, Thirteenth In- diana Cavalry, in which he served until in December, 1865. He was in the battle of Murfreesboro, the Seven days' fighting, and at Spanish Fort. After the war he returned home and resumed farming. Mr. Brown owns ninety-five acres of fine land, highly improved and well cultivated. He is an active and energetic and prosperous farmer. DR. JACOB C. CLARKE was born in the State of Vermont, July 12, 1809. His father owned an extensive sheep farm in that State. Dr. Clarke was reared on the farm, attending the schools of the neigh- borhood, and later entered Mt. Piller College, where he pursued his studies for two years. At the age of 17, his father and family removed to New Richmond, Clemont county, Ohio. In this State he entered college at Oxford, and continued his studies for eighteen months, where he received his diploma as Bachelor of Arts. In 1826 he went to Cincinnati, and at once began the study of medicine under the in- structions of Drs. Porter & Bradley ; at the same time attended a series of lectures at the Ohio Medical College, taught by the eminent Dr. Eberle one of the principal professors of the College. In 1835 he again entered a doctor's office as a student, but this time in the office of Dr. Eberle. He again entered the Ohio Medical College, where he graduated with high honors in the winter of 1837. He came to Indiana the same year and located at Salem, Wash- ington county, and began the practice of his profession. He remained at Salem for three years, when, in 1840, he removed to Corydon, Harrison county, Ind., where he has since resided and where for nearly forty years he has successfully practiced medicine. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. In 1833 he was married to Miss Eliza Neal, of Nashville, Tenn. This union has been blessed with nine children, of whom only one is living — Emily, wife of Henry Neely, of Harrison county, Ind. Catha- rine was the wife of Harvey McCarthy ; she died in 1854. Morgan B. lived to be 32 years of age ; he died in 1872. Eliza was married to Wm. C. Green; she and husband both died within 24 hours of each other, in 1878, leaving two children, Catha- rine and Jacob C. Green. Agnus, Florence, Fannie and Jacob C. all died with the spotted fever in 1864. Dr. Clarke's father was a native of Eng- land, coming to America and serving through the Revolutionary war, fighting at the battles Cowpens and King's Mountain. He died in 1856, at the age of 92. Dr. Clarke's grandfather Clarke was a near kinsman to the Clarke who wrote the Commentaries on the Bible, belonging to one the best families in England. Dr. Clarke's mother died in 1859, at the age of 92 years. LUKE H. COLVIN was born July 11, 1846, and is the son of Andrew H. and Martha Colvin ; the former was born in Hardin county, Ky., in 1813, and was of Irish ancestry, who settled first in Virginia, but afterward removed to Kentucky. Not satisfied with the latter place, Mr. Andrew Colvin came to Indiana in 1832, and settled in Harrison county. When he settled here he had one horse, and seventy- five cents in his pocket. By strict econ- omy, energy and honesty, he succeeded in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 133 accumulating considerable property. He boated to New Orleans, making twenty-one voyages tbitber, witb cargoes of produce, and bringing back sucb goods as bis neigbborbood needed. He died December 7, 1884 ; his wife died some time before bim. At bis death be owned 600 acres of fair land. Luke H. Colvin, the subject of this sketch, was the second in a family of ten children. He was raised on a farm, and received the benefits of a common-school education. When but eighteen years of age, he en- listed in the 58th Indiana Volunteers, Co. K, October 19, 1864, joining the regiment near Atlanta. He participated in all the battle's and skirmishes in which the regiment engaged, until the close of the struggle at Appomattox. He took part in the grand review in Washington City, after the war was over, and was discharged July 25, 1805, and came home. He was married January 3, 1869, to Miss Lizzie Mclntyre, a daughter of Owen and Elizabeth Mclntyre, natives of Ire- land. The former died of sunstroke July 1, 1855. The latter is still living. Mr. and Mrs. Colvin have had eight children, viz : Florence, born Jan. 21, 1870; Susan B., July 22, 1871; William, Jan. 7, 1873; Minnie, Dec. 22, 1S74, Daisy, Nov. 20, 1879; Robert, May 22, 1881; Addie, April 24, 1SS4; John, Jan. 7, 1886. Three of them are dead, viz : Susan B. died Oct. 3, 1S71 ; Addie died May 5, 1884; and John died Aug. 28, 1S86. Mr. Colvin has a farm of 73 acres of highly improved land, and which is in a fine state of cultivation. THOMAS W. COMBS was born in tins county, Sept. 20, 1835, and is a sou of David and Jane (Rogers) Combs, both na- tives of Virginia — the former was born in Hampshire county, Virginia, about 1784; was a soldier in the war of 1812, and when it was over he came west and settled in Indiana ; the latter was a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Rogers — the former of Revolutionary fame. David Combs was a son of Adam Combs, a Revolutionary sol- dier who served with distinction during the war, in Lee's division of Washington's army. Thomas W., the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm, and received but a limited education sucb as was afforded by the public schools. When the war broke out he joined the Home Guard service, but Sept. 23, 1864, he joined Co. G, Fifty- eighth Indiana Vol. Infantry, from which he was discharged June 4, 1865, the war being over. He returned home after his discharge, and resumed his farm work. He was married Dec. 23, 1857, to Miss Mary Shaney, a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth (Brown) Shaney, the former born in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Combs have had five children as follows : David was born Jan. 27, 1859, and died Oct. 15, 1865; Elizabeth, born Dec. 8, 1S59; Will- iam E. C, Sept. 2, 1862; Mary J., Nov. 10, 1864; Michael E., Dec. 15, 1866. Mrs. Combs died April 8, 1867 ; and April 18, 1868, Mr. Combs married Martha Kron, whose maiden name was Kingrey, a native of Harrison county. To this marriage was born nine children, viz : Martha, Dec. 6, 1868 ; Thos. I., Nov. 10, 1869; Sarah A., May 9, 1871; Mary A., Oct. 19,1873; Rosalie, Feb. 15, 1876; Lydia A., Jan. 13, 1878; Eli R., Oct. 20, 1879; Ura K., July 24, 1881; all of whom are living. JOHN N. COOPER was born in this (Harrison) county, Sept. 12, 1830, and is 134 HARRISON COUNTY the son of John and Mary (Chappell) Cooper, the former a native of Virginia, born in 179S, and the latter a daughter of Jesse Chappell, a native of Kentucky. The elder Cooper was a son of Isaac Cooper, born in Virginia, and emigrated to Indiana in an early day, where he and his wife and one two children died with small- pox about 1830. To John and Mary Chappell Cooper, were born nine children, John N., the sub- ject of this sketch, being the fifth. He was brought up on a farm and educated in the common schools of the county. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Peyton, June 27, 1853, a daughter of Abraham and Rachel Peyton, natives of Harrison county, Indiana. They had nine children, born as follows : William L., Aug. 21, 1855 ; Eachel A., Oct. 1, 1S57; Sarah J., Dec. 5, 1859; Edward L., Dec. 22, 1861 ; Mary E., Feb. 25, 1S64; John T., Nov. 19, 1865; Delilah E., Oct. 5, 1867; Geo. C, Dec. 10, 1871; Robert H., Jan. 4, 1876. Rachel died April 19, 1876 ; Sarah died April 12, 1883; Delilah died May 4, 1881, and Robert died Jan. 4, 1S76. Mrs. Cooper died June 4, 1888. Mr. Cooper enlisted Aug. 6, 1862, in Co. E, Eighty-first Indiana Vol. Infantry. He was wounded at the battle of Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, and came home and resumed farming. He is an active man in his neighborhood, and takes a 2)rominent part in all enterprises for the good of the county. Politically his sympathies are with the Labor party. JESSE E. CRITCHLOW was born in Pennsylvania, January 18, 1830, and is the son of James and Dorcas (Holt) Critchlow, natives of Pennsylvania; the former was a farmer and miller. Jesse E., the subject of this sketch, was the oldest in a family of nine children. He served a full apprenticeship to the wagonmaker's trade, under J. Cleffer, and became a skillful mechanic. On completing his trade he began work as a journeyman with his former employer. After traveling considerably, and working at his trade in different places, he returned to Pennsyl- vania, and was married September 23, 1852, to Miss Lavina Stepp, a native of Pennsylvania, and born March 12, 1832. She was a daughter of Michael and Cathe- rine (Heckhast) Stepp, also natives of Penn- sylvania. After their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Critchlow emigrated to Indiana, and settled in Harrison county. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. I, 37th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. His term of service expired November 10, 1864, when he was mustered out and discharged. He then returned home and settled down again to farming ; he pays considerable attention to fruit culture, in which he has been quite successful. Mr. and Mrs. Critchlow have had five children, born as follows : Ephraim, Octo- ber 11, 1855; Annetta, August 8, 1S57; John C, July 22, 1859 ; Sarah Adda, May 16, 1861 ; and Francis Marion, August 6, 1865 ; all of whom are living. JOHN F. CROMWELL was born in Webster township, Harrison county, June 20, 1844, and is the son of Lewis and Mildred (Fields) Cromwell ; the former a native of Virginia, and an Englishman by descent, who emigrated to Kentucky early. He followed flatboating for many years to the South, carrying produce, etc., to SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 135 the Southern markets. Twelve children were born to him, of whom John F. was the youngest but one. He (John F.) was raised on a farm and educated in the com- mon schools. He enlisted in Co. C, 66th Indiana Vol. Infantry, Aug. 9, 1862, and was mustered out in 1865, when the war was over. He saw much hard service. April 19,1869,he was married to Mary F.Frakes, a daughter of Harvey and Ellen Frakes. They have had five children: James A., born April 20, 1870 ; Charles L., born March 27, 1872; Emma W., born October 14, 1876 ; Edward C, born November 18, 1878; and Olga G., born January 2, 1881, all of whom are living. OLIVER CROMWELL is a historic name, and withal has a rather sanguinary hue to it, but Shakespeare tells us there is nothing in a name, and doubtless the sub- ject of this sketch bears no relationship to the author of the English Commonwealth. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch was born July 26, 1841, and is a native of Harrison county. He is a son of Sanford and Lavina (Meek) Cromwell, the former a native of this county and the lat- ter of Kentucky. Sanford Cromwell was a son of Fielding and Elizabeth (Rucker) Cromwell, being one of nine children born to them. Lavina Meek Cromwell was a daughter of Edwin and Rachel Meek, natives of Kentucky, and born about 1816-17. To Sanford and Lavina Cromwell were born four children, of whom Oliver, the subject of this sketch, was the second. He was brought up on the farm and received Buch education as was to be obtained in the common schools of the county. When the war broke out he enlisted in Co. K, 59th Ind. Infantry, in 1862. At the expiration of his first enlistment he veteranized and served until peace was conquered at Appomattox. He was in the first expedition down the Mississippi, was in the Vicksburg campaign, and participated in all the principal engagements in that division of the army, including Sherman's march to the sea. After the war was over he returned home and resumed his farm- ing. He was married to Miss Ann J. Highfill, February 15, 1866, a daughter of Edward and Adaline (Bean) Highfill, and born April 12, 1842. They have eight children, born as follows: Mollie C, December 15, 1866 ; Hattie A., February 2, 1869 ; Low- ell, December 3, 1871 ; Julia B., April 1, 1873 ; Lottie 0., October 10, 1875.; Will- iam R., January 6, 1878; Manford E., April 14, 1881, and Mayzo, October 1, 1S86. Mr. Cromwell has 160 acres of land, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation. He and his family are members of the M. E. Church. ROBERT CROSIER was born in Har- rison county, Indiana, July 25, 1842, and is the son of Adam and Sarah (Douglas) Crosier ; the former a native of New York, born October 13, 1805, and a son of Robert Crosier, who was born in Northumberland, England, February 8, 1782; and he was the son of Adam Crosier, a native of Eng- land, who emigrated to America about the year 1800, and died in New York, within seven miles of Geneva, about 1828. His wife's maiden name was Isabel Renwick, and she died about 1858. Robert Crosier married Eleanor Stokoo about 1804, and Adam Crosier, the father of the subject of this sketch, was the oldest 136 HARRISON COUNTY child of this union. He (Adam Crosier) moved to Indiana and settled on a farm in Boone township which was originally en- tered by Edward Stokoe in 1816. He married Sarah D. Douglas, born in Westchester county, N. Y., August 1, 180(3, and a daughter of Adam and Sarah Douglas, natives of England. To Adam and Sarah Douglas Crosier were born seven children, of whom Eobert, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest but one. He was brought up on the farm and received a good practical education in the public schools of the county. He enlisted Febru- ary 7, 1802, in Co. B, Fifty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was dis- charged April 10, 1865, on account of ex- piration of his term of service. He returned to his home in Harrison county and re- sumed farming. January 17, 1867. he married Miss Martha E. Grass, a daughter of Ignatius and Elizabeth (Marsh) Grass, born November 19, 1846. They have three children, viz : Ida M., born October 29, 1867; Walter G., December 9, 1870, and Sidney W., June 21, 1883, all of whom are living. Mr. Crosier lives on the farm where he was born, and is an energetic and prosperous farmer and an excellent citizen. JAMES CUBKENT was born in Harri- son county, April 4, 1822, and is a son of Samuel and Mary (Applegate) Current, natives of Pennsylvania, who came to In- diana in 1815. He settled on a farm and continued to farm until his death in 1851. Both he and his wife were consistent mem- bers of the Presbyterian Church. She died in 1844. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm and edu- cated in the common schools. He was married in 1846 to Miss Susan Deen, a daughter of Jeremiah G. and Catherine (Lopp) Deen ; the former a native of Mary- land, who came here when a young man, and the latter a native of Kentucky, who also came here in early life. They have but one child living, Jeremiah G. D. Cur- rent, who married Miss Adaline Haas, a daughter of Bev. Jacob Haas, of Harrison county. Mr. Current is a member of the United Brethren Church, and has been township trustee for four years. He has a fine farm of 140 acres, lying one and a half miles north of Mauckport, highly improved and well cultivated. Mr. Current is a liberal-minded man, and a ready contributor to every enterprise cal- culated to promote the interest of his sec- tion of the county. JACOB A. CUBTS, farmer, of Scott township, is a native of the county, and was born in 1S44. He is a son of Moses J. and Fannie (Cole) Curts, who were both born in Illinois. Jacob A.'s grandfather Curts was a soldier in the War of 1812. His father removed from Illinois to Harri- son county previously to the civil war. When our subject was 18 years of age he enlisted in 81st Ind. Vol. Infantry, and served his country well, until he was hon- orably discharged in 1865, having enlisted for three years. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Nashville, Stone Biver, Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Franklin, (Tenn.), and was at the surrender of Sa- vannah and wounded at the battle of Stone Biver. Was captured at the battle of Chick- amauga, but was soon retaken by his own men. In 1866 was married to Miss Lu- cinda Swartz, who was born in the county. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 137 They have nine children : Minerva M., John D., Leonard L., Agnus M., Minnie E., Har- vey Dudley, Jaeoh W. and Benson. Mr. Curts has a small farm of 127 acres, and is an enterprising and honorable citi- zen. WILLIAM DANIEL, M. D., was born in Crawford county, Ind., October 7, 1852, and is a son of Wm. S. Daniel and Sarah Catherine (Russell) Daniel, the former, a native of Floyd county, Ind., and the latter a native of Virginia. They were married at New Albany, Ind., in 1851, and settled at Milltown, Ind., the same year. The mother died at Milltown, Ind., in the year 1871. The father was a private in the regular army of the United States in early life, and entered the volunteer service as orderly sergeant of Co. G, 23d Indiana Infan- try, in June, 1861, and was finally dis- charged as sergeant-major of the 144th Ecgt. Indiana Infantry, in the year 1865. The subject of this sketch was reared at Milltown, Crawford county, Ind., and received the benefit of the common schools. He then took an academic course at Mar- engo Academy, Marengo, Ind., and com- menced the study of medicine with Drs. Hon and Byrn, at Milltown, Ind. He grad- uated from the Louisville Medical College, of Louisville, Ky., on the 25th day of February, 1875. In March of the some year, he was elected house physician to Louisville City Hospital, upon competitive examination for the position, standing second in point of proficiency among four successful candidates. Having resigned the position, he entered general practice with Dr. H. S. Wolfe, at Corydon, Ind., in August, 1875, and remained with him until April, 1876, when he settled at Mill- town, Ind. Remaining here one year, he removed to Marengo, Ind., at which place he remained until September 1, 1886, when he again located at Corydon, Harrison county, Ind., where he now resides and enjoys a large and lucrative practice. He received the "Ad eundem" Degree of the Hospital College of Medicine, of Louis- ville, Ky., in the year 1886. In 1875, March 18, he was married to Miss Frederica Martin, daughter of Fred- eric Martin, at Milltown, Ind., at that time the home of her parents, who now reside in Harrison county, Ind. They have four children. The Doctor is secretary of the Harrison County Medical Society and of the Harrison County Board of Health. He is a man well read and intelligent, a careful and painstaking physician, and is deservedly popular in his community. ROBERT F. DAVIS, Jr., Harrison coun- ty, trustee of Spencer township, farmer and auctioneer, was born April 16, 1852. His father and mother, George W. and Re- becca (Haas) Davis, were respectively born in Kentucky and Virginia. His father was born in 1823, and with his father moved to Harrison county in his youth. Robert F.'s maternal grandfather, Jacob Haas, a Vir- ginian by birth, settled in the county, al- so. George W. Davis, who is one of the substantial farmers of the county, served as county commissioner from 1872 to 1875. Robert F. Davis was brought up on a farm, receiving his education in the county schools, and was married October 5, 1873, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Preston H. and Elizabeth Taylor (nee Dob- son), who were born in Kentucky and for 138 HARRISON COUNTY many years resided in Harrison county. They have living two children : Daniel R. and Floyd L., aged respectively thirteen and eight years. Mr. Davis owns a farm of 100 acres of well improved land in Hick- man Valley. Was elected trustee of the township in 1886 by his party, the Demo- crats, and hi 1888 was re-elected, and has so managed the affairs of his township that bespeaks well of his business qualifications. As an auctioneer Mr. Davis is very success- ful and few in the county better. SAMUEL B. DAVIS was born in Har- rison county, Ind., August 5, 1826, and is the son of John and Mary M. (Bell) Davis ; the former was born in Kentucky, on the Big Sandy river, March 25, 1803; the latter was also born in Kentucky, and was a daughter of Samuel Bell, who came to Kentucky from Pennsylvania, where he re- mained for some years, and then removed to Indiana among the earliest settlers. Samuel B., the subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm and educated in the com- mon schools until nine years of age, and what knowledge he received after that was by his own efforts, unassisted by anyone. At the age of 22 years he commenced flat- boating to New Orleans and other Southern markets, transporting produce and lime — the latter principally from Harrison county. He was married in 1850, to Miss Mary J. Breeden, a native of Harrison county, and a daughter of Bryant Breeden. They have ten children, seven of whom are liv- ing, viz : Mary E., Lafayette, Minerva, Elva Ann, Ida, Ira and Ella. Mrs. Davis died in 1876. Mr. Davis has held several township and county offices: township assessor, justice of the peace for six years, and six years as county commissioner. During his service in the last named office, the county jail was built and likewise the first iron bridge in the county. He owns 713 acres of valuable land, and is one of the county's prosperous farmers and exemplary citizens. THADDEUS DOBBINS was born in Green county, Ky., May 17, 1845, and is a son of Charles G. and Catherine (Gra- ham) Dobbins, natives of Kentucky ; the former moved to Harrison county in 1 858— 59, where the remainder of his life was spent. His wife's parents came from Ger- many. When the war broke out he en- listed in Co. M, Third Indiana Cavalry, in which he served until in October, 1863, when he was discharged for disability. He afterward re-enlisted in Co. C, Seven- teenth Indiana Infantry, and served until the close of the war — bis final discharge being dated August 10, 1865. There were born to Charles G. and Cath- erine Dobbins thirteen children. Thaddeus, the subject, was reared on his father's farm, and when the war came on, though but a youth, enlisted February 25, 1864, in Co. C, Eighty-first Indiana Infantry, and was discharged August 10, 1865. He participated in the following battles and skirmishes : Resacca, Woodland, Kingston, Connersville, Russell Facto- ry, Blackjack Mountain, Buckhead, Cross Keys, Seige of Atlanta, Jonesboro, and ac- companied General Sherman in his march to the sea. He has many relics of his honorable services, among them his badge as color-bearer, regimental badge, rank and file badge, etc., showing his different grades of service. After the war he twisted SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 139 his arms into agricultural implements, and engaged in farming. He was married November 2, 1865, to Miss Catherine Al- burn, a daughter of George and Barbara (Dietrich) Alburn, natives of Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Dobbins have had eight children, born as follows : Laura, Octo- ber 28, 1866 ; Dora A., November 25, 1867 ; Elizabeth H., December 16,1869; Maud M., October 27, 1872; Charles B., Febru- ary 21, 1875; Fanny B., June 23,1877; Robert W., April 13, 1881 ; Nelly E., June 14,1883; all of whom are living, except Elizabeth, who died August 12, 1874, when five years old. JACOB DOLL, one of the prominent farmers of Harrison county, is a native of Shenandoah county, Va. He was born in April, 1817. In the same year his par- ents moved to this county. He grew up on the farm and attended the subscription schools taught in that day. The county then was a little better than a wilderness, and school advantages, as well as many other advantages, were very meager. He married Miss Amanda Smith in 1841, a daughter of Thomas Smith, a prominent farmer of Harrison county and a Virgin- ian by birth, coming to the county the same year of Mr. Doll's family, 1817. The chil- dren born to this marriage, living, are : Agnus N., Lavina and Melvina, the two last names being twins. Agnus N. was the wife of Joshua Sonner, deceased, of Har- rison county ; Lavina, wife of John Hann, farmer of Harrison county; Melvina is the wife of Albert Bosenbarger, also a farmer of the county. The parents of the subject of this sketch were Jacob aud Rebecca Doll (nee Blind) ; both were born in Shenandoah county, Va. Jacob Doll, Sr.,was born in 1781 ; he died in 1851. Frederick and Mary were the other chil- dren born ; Frederick is now a large farmer in Cass county, Mo ; Mary was the wife of Thomas Gwartney, deceased. Mr. Doll owns a farm of 220 acres of fine land. It is situate on the Valley City road, six miles from Corydon. He is a member of the M. E. Church and an ex- emplary citizen. EDWARD B. DOUGLAS was born in Boone township, Harrison coimty, October 27, 1842, and is a son of Yarrow and Mary (Fowler) Douglas, the former a native of Indiana, born July 6, 1811, and a son of Dr. Adam Douglas, a native of Scotland and a descendant of the great Douglas family of Scotland ; the latter born May 28, 1813, and a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Bashears) Fowler, natives of Tennessee and early settlers in Indiana. Yarrow Douglas was the youngest of six children born to Dr. Adam Douglas. He was a miller, and, though beyond the age required for a sol- dier, enlisted in the late war, and was killed in the battle of Hatchie River, Octo- ber 15, 1862. Four of his sons also served in the late war. Edward B., the subject of this sketch, enhsted March 10, 1863, in Co. B, 3d Ind. Cavalry, and was afterward transferred to Co. A. He was discharged April 10, 1865, by reason of disability on surgeon's certificate, having been severely wounded in battle — was shot through the left lung and also through the left arm, and rendered a cripple for life. After being discharged from the army he came home, and has since made his home with his mother, who was made a widow by the same means that made him a cripple, 140 HARRISON COUNTY They both draw a pension from the Government, through which they live com- fortably and respected among their neigh- bors and friends. "WILLIAM DYER was born in Hamil- ton county, Ohio, ten miles noith of Cin- cinnati, March 22, 1814, and is a son of James and Rachel Dyer, who emigrated from Ohio to Indiana in 1832, settling in Clark county. After the family arrived in Indiana, William, the subject, was ap- prenticed to John Kidwell to learn the cooper's trade. He was married August 11, 1838, to Miss Elizabeth Johnson, and on the 11th of August, 1888, they cele- brated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage. Mr. Dyer enlisted June 1, 1862, and was discharged March 28, 1861, on account of disability. He was in Co. H, 28th Indiana Volun- teer Infantry and saw hard service as long as able to keep up. He was a drummer boy in enlisting volunteers for the Mexican war for Gen. Joseph Lane. James Dyer, William's father, was born in Delaware, and was a captain in the War of 1882, serving in the same regiment of which Richard M. Johnson was the colonel. Cabb Dyer, subject's grandfather, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and served under Gen. Washington. Elizabeth Johnson Dyer was the daughter of John and Margaret Johnson, and was born in Marietta, Ohio, August 7, 1820. Her father was a very eminent physician of his day. In childhood he was captured by the Indians and held a prisoner for seven years, and finally made his escape. To Mr. and Mrs. Dyer have been born eight children. Mr. Dyer and his vener- able wife are living quietly and peacefully together, waiting for the summons to their Heavenly Home. He is a prominent Mason and served as master of his lodge several times. NOAH ELBERT was born in Germany, November 24, 1838, and is a son of Joseph and Catherine (Modine) Elbert. They emi- grated to America about 1840, settling in Louisville, Ky., where he died in 1842. They had ten children of whom Noah was the fifth. He was reared in Louisville, and was apprenticed to the stone-cutting business, with a man named David Nevins, and after serving out his full term as an apprentice he did journeyman's work until the commencement of the civil war, when he entered the Union army, enlisting in Co. A, Fifteenth Kentucky Vol. Infantry, and was sworn into the State service, November 11, 1861, and into the United States service, December 14, 1861. After a long and hard service for his adopted country, he was discharged January 14, 1865, and returned to Louisville, where he was married, February 14, 1865, to Miss Barbara E. Bosemer, born May 25, 1843, and a daughter of Valentine and Catherine Bosemer, both natives of Germany, who emigrated to America and settled in Louis- ville about 1848. Mr. and Mrs Elbert have had eight children as follows : Joseph V. born May 20, 1866; Elizabeth C, March 25, 1868 ; William H., September 8, 1870; Theodore F., June 26, 1872; Maggie L., September 25, 1875; Agnes M., May 13, 1878; Henry B., August 28, 1882, and Lorena, September 8, 1886. Mr. Elbert removed from Louisville, Ky., to Indiana, and settled in Harrison county, where, in partnership with his brothers, he bought a saw-mill. He afterward bought SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 141 his brother's interest and is now sole owner, and has in connection with mill a large stave and lathe factory; also carries on a cooper shop in Brandenburg, Ky. In ad- dition to all this he owns 645 acres of fine land, and is one of the prosperous and highly esteemed citizens of the county. WILLIAM J. ELLIS, a native of Har- rison county, was born January 7, 1841, and is the son of Samuel and Emily (Lud- low) Ellis ; the former born January 2, 1810, and died in Harrison county, in 1845; Samuel Ellis was the son of Will- iam Ellis, and was a successful farmer, liberally educated, and a valuable citizen. The latter (his wife) was a daughter of James and Ehoda Ludlow. William J., the subject of this sketch, was the third in a family of five children. He was brought up on a farm in Boone township, this county, and received the best education afforded by the common schools of his county, He enlisted February 24, 1S62, in Co. D, Fifty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He re-enlisted in the Veteran service February 24, 1864, and was mus- tered out of the United States service July 21, 1865. He took part in all the hard service of his regiment, was in most of the battles, and followed its banners in all of its marches, which amounted in the aggre- gate to about 7,500 miles. He was with it in the following battles; Siege of Corinth, battle of Hatchie Biver, Seige of Vicksburg, battle of Jackson, Miss., Harrison, La., Meridian, Miss., Peach Tree Creek, Seige of Atlanta, battle of Savannah, Orange- burg, Braxton Bridge, Columbia, S. C, Bentonville and Raleigh, N. C, etc. The colonel of this regiment was Walter Q. Gresha:n. When peace was made, Mr. Ellis returned home and resumed the plow, which he had abandoned for the " tented field." He was married, Juno 29, 1865, to Sarah C. Evans, born in this county, December 28, 1840, and a daughter of Richard and Mahala (Brown) Evans. To them were born three children, as follows : Isaac J., June 7, 1866; Benjamin W., February 2, 1811; Edna M., May 23, 1876. Mr. Ellis owns a farm of 1 16 acres of well improved land. 142 HARRISON COUNTY CAPT. JOSHUA P. FARNSLEY was born in Harrison comity, two and one-half miles southeast of Lanesville, August 21, 1820, and is the third son of Joshua and Barbara (Stowers) Farnsley, natives of Kentucky and Virginia. The former was born at Bullitt's Station, a prominent place in the early settlement of Kentucky. His grandfather, James Farnsley, was from Fort Duquesne, and once owned "Braddock's Field." He left there about 1770 and came to the Territory of Indiana, before Virginia ceded the Northwest Terri- tory to the United States, and bought a township of land near Terre Haute. He left Pennsylvania, to occupy the same. The Indians were becoming trouble- some on the west side of the Ohio ; he re- solved to stop at Louisville, Ky., then known as Bullitt's Station, and bought 160 acres of land, four and one-half miles from the present city limits, for nine shillings. He died on said land. The Farnsleys are of English origin; the great-grandmother of the subject was on the second ship that landed at Plymouth Rock — her name was Wright. Joshua Farnsley, subject's father, came to Harrison county in 1811, and received patents for a great deal of land — owned some three thousand acres. When he first settled in the county, he established the first tanyard and the first hat manufactory in the county, and various other enter- prises, among which was a blacksmithing establishment, a distillery, and was with- out doubt one of the most progressive and enterprising of pioneers. He died in 1869, and was about 80 years of age. Joshua P., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, in tbe mill, tan- yard, and shops, and was, as he termed it, "Jack of all trades;" being a tanner he often sold sheepskin for to make ladies' calf, as there was no Yankee shoemakers ; they did not know the difference. His early education was limited — he says he got as far as the "rule of three." He has made a grand success in life, all through his own strong will and natural "old horse sense." He has been a close student, has read much, observed closely, and has become a ripe scholar, and well versed in history, politics, theology, etc. He was married February 6, 1846, to Miss Abigail Newman, a daughter of Caleb and Martha (Hancock) Newman, natives of Pennsylvania and North Carolina, who settled in Grassy Valley, Harrison county, Ind., in 1S07. In 1847 Capt. Farnsley was elected to the Lower House of the Legislature, and as a member of the Committee on Cor- porations. Although young, he took an active part, and introduced many bills. He was re-elected in 1852, and was chair- man of the Committee on Agriculture. He has been a school director, and was prom- inent in developing the school interest, in which he takes an especial pride. He has but one child living, Franklin R., born November 21, 1S52. He has bought a great deal of produce in the immediate neighborhood, and shipped to New Orleans and other Southern cities. In 1867 he built the "Red Rover" steamer, which he run for two years, and which cost $11,500. His son is first pilotof the steamer "Grand Republic," which carries the largest cotton cargoes of any steamer in the United States, from Memphis to New Orleans. He carries captain's license and has command over several boats. In 1841 subject traded so extensively on the Mississippi and tribu- taries, he could talk French and Spanish almost as fluently as English. A*hL^y (P 9 SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 145 He owns about 700 acres of very valuable land. He is a Democrat in politics and a free-trader. He was a delegate to National Democratic Convention at Cincinnati, in IS56, that nominated James Buchanan for the Presidency. Since he has devoted his time to agriculture, horticulture and pomology; he is an enthusiast in the culture of pears, and is at the present time planting an extensive orchard in Jackson's purchase, where he owns 400 acres of valu- able land, near Paducah, where he expects to ultimately make his home in peace with God and good- will with man. Locust Point, Harrison County, Ind., February 20, 1889. Publishers of the Souvenir: Being an intimate acquaintance of Capt. Joshua P. Farnsley since he left the high- lands and cast his lot on the Ohio river in the year 1837, I wish to bear testimony of his worth as a citrzen. He located on a small lot of land eight miles below New Albany, in the lower cor- ner of Floyd county (50 acres). He was host, cook and hustler for nine years ; drove oxen ; farmed all lands when cleared, plowing some with his oxen ; in summer sold wood to steamboats. In winter traded South, carrying pota- toes, cabbage, kraut and such articles as he could buy, making two trips between Octo- ber and last of March for nine years. Then he married the youngest daughter of Caleb Newman, a very prosperous and respect- able farmer of the neighborhood. Captain Farnsley has commanded the love and re- spect of his neighbors always. Kind, lib- eral and generous to a fault, aiding the in- digent, the widow and orphan, never losing an opportunity of contributions to their happiness. He organized a Sabbath-school in his vicinity, where such had never been dreamed of before, and where two to three saloons were the fixed institutions of the locality, and where drunkenness, gambling, fighting and manslaughter were the order of the Sabbath pastimes. But lo, the change ! where once the saloon, now the church and Sabbath- school flourish; the change is due to the enviable position and the bold stand for purification taken by Capt. J. P. Farnsley ; he spent more money for the good of others than for his own family. In religion he is a Free Thinker ; he takes no stock in professions — practice, to him, reveals the true worth of man. He is enjoying ripe age, beloved by all good people. Please add this note to the sketch of his life in your "Souvenir," and oblige one who desires to bear testimony to true worth. J. S. A. ISAAC FERREE was born January 18, 1841, and is a son of James C. and Eliza- beth (Swasick) Ferree. The former was born in Louisiana about 1808 ; was reared on a farm, receiving a limited education ; the latter was a daughter of Richard and and Charity Swasick, natives of Pennsyl- vania. James C. died in Harrison coun- ty, February 2S, 1 873, and his wife died January 5, 18S4. Isaac, the subject of this sketch, was brought up on a farm and re- ceived a common-school education. He enlisted in Co. F, Twenty-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, July 10, 1861, and was discharged on account of expiration of term of service July 14, 1864, when he returned, and resumed farming. He was married November 6, 1867, to Miss Sarah P. Rusk, the daughter of Rob- ert, a native of Virginia, and Eliza Rusk, a native of Maryland. 146 HARRISON COUNTY Mr. and Mrs. Ferree have hail two chil- dren, viz : Charles E., born August 31, 1868, and Clarence C, born August 5, 1S70, and died September 22, 1871. ANDREW FIFE was born in Louisville, Ky., August 29, 1841, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Wright) Fife ; the former a native of Indiana, and the latter of Ger- many, but came to America with her par- ents when quite young — she died in 1885, at an advanced age. The elder Fife, though a farmer, was also a river man and followed steamboating at intervals, and while his children were yet small he died suddenly of cholera. He married Eliza- beth Wright, and to them were born three children; of which Andrew, the subject, was eldest. He (Andrew), after the death of his father, secured a home with his un- cle, Henry C. Wright, where he continued to reside until he was grown, and thus was reared on a farm, receiving such edu- cation as the times afforded. When the war broke out he entered the service of the Government, and first was employed as a teamster. After following this branch of the service nearly a year, he returned home and enlisted in the 49th Regiment (3d In- diana Cavalry), Co. M, March 23,1862, and was discharged July 25, 1865, at the expiration of his term of service. Among the engagements he was in were : Greenville, Tenn., Chickamauga, Macon, Ga., Marietta, Louisville, Ga., Savannah, Goldsboro, N. C, and went with Sherman in his "March to the Sea;" was one of Sherman's escort at the surrender of Col. Joe Johnson. After the close of the war he returned to his home in Harrison coun- ty, and resumed the plow. He was mar- ried October 22, 1867, to Miss Elizabeth Brower, a daughter of Solomon Brower, formerly of Hamilton county, Ohio, and was born December 6, 1846. To Mr. and Mrs. Fife were born eight children, as fol- lows : Stella, April 3, 1869; Annie, Jan- uary 27, 1871; William J., November 15, 1S73 ; Charles, December 22, 1876 , Perry, Januaryl3, 1880; Alice, March 20, 1882; John, April 23, 1884, and Alvey, January 4, 1888. Annie died April 12, 1871, and William J. died December 31, 1873. Mr. Fife is a well respected citizen and a thor- ough and prosperous farmer. ABRAHAM FLESHMAN, a prominent farmer of Washington township, Harrison county, Ind. was born September 19, 1825, and is a son of Ephraim and Rosanna (Son- ner) Fleshman, natives of Virginia. The former emigrated to Kentucky in 1804, where he lived two years, then removed to Harrison county, where the remainder of his life was spent. He raised a family of five children,of which Abraham, the subject, was the third. In 1850 Mr. Fleshman was married to Miss Mary Jane Burford, a na- tive of Indiana. They have had six chil- dren, viz : George W., Lyman S., Simon E., Arthur C, Charles L. and Aquilla D. George W. and Simon E. are dead ; Lyman S. is a merchant at Mauckport; Arthur C. is a teacher ; Charles L. is attending school at Lebanon, and Aquilla is at home on the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Fleshman are consistent members of the Methodist Church at Mauckport. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 14? HENRY CLAY FOUTS, M. D., was born at Bradford, Harrison county, Ind., Octo- ber 21, 1843. After attaining a good com- mon-school education, in 1864 he began the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph Ellis, of Bradford. He attended his first course of medical lectures at the Miami College, Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated from the medical department of the Uni- versity of Louisville, March 4, 1870. In the following year begun the practice in Orange county, Ind., and a year later removed to Lanesville where he has suc- ceeded in building up a very fine practice. He has been twice married ; in 1865, Oc- tober 8, to Miss Lizzie Ellis, daughter of Dr. John Ellis, of Hardinsburg, Washing- ton county, Ind. Her death occurred in 1881, leaving him three children: Carrie M., Charles V. and Iola E. His second wife, Miss Ella Cravens, to whom he was married June 12, 1887, is a daughter of James A. Cravens, a prominent farmer and an ex-Congressmen residing near Hardins- burg. Dr. Fouts' father was David Fouts, a North Carolinian by birth, and came to Harrison county in 1816. He was born in 1803 and died in 1883. His mother was a Miss Belinda Burns. His farm of 225 acres, near Hardinsburg, is fine and well improved land. HARVEY FRAKES was born in this county January 27, 1 824, and is a son of Conrad and Margaret (Prestland) Frakes, natives of Indiana and Kentucky respec- tively; the former died here in 1836, and his widow in 1863. Harvey Frakes, whose name stands at the head of this sketch, was the youngest of nine children born to his parents. His early life was spent on the farm, and he attended the schools of the neighborhood. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to John Frakes, his elder brother, to learn the cooper's trade. He served out his time and followed the business, together with farming, until reaching manhood, when on the 23d of August, 1849, he was married to Miss Ella Lemmon, a daughter of Elias and Mary (Fando) Lemmon, the former an Indian- ian and the latter a Kentuckian, Elias Lemmon followed flatboatiug a good deal, and in December, 1847, he fell from a flat- boat below Baton Rouge, La., and was drowned. His widow died in April, 1863. In December, 1S61, Harvey Frakes en- listed in Co. K, Fifty-ninth Volunteer In- fantry. He veteranized in 1863, and served until the close ot the war, being dis- charged July 17, 1865. He then returned home and resumed farming. Mr. and Mrs. Frakes have had ten children, as fol- lows : Mary S., Martha E., Sarah C, Emma L.,Ra!phE., Anna B., Ola M., Ada L., Sue K. and Otto M., all of whom are living. JOHN A. FRAVEL was born in this (Harrison) county March 13, 1824, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Weaver) Fravel, both natives of Virginia, and from Shenandoah county. They came to Indiana and settled in Harrison county in the latter part of 1824, when subject was but an infant. The elder Fravel was a blacksmith by trade, and carried on a shop here for years, and also followed farming to some extent. John A., the subject of this sketch, was reared on a farm and educated in the com- mon schools, which were then not nearly 148 HARRISON COUNTY , so thorough as they are now. He was married June 26, 1856, to Eeheeca Duley, a daughter of John and Rehecca Duley, natives of Kentucky. They have had seven children, viz: Mary E., William E., John Henry, Charles E., CoraE., James W. and Nora A. The three eldest Mary, William and John, are married. Mr. Fravel owns 160 acres of well improved land. He raises considerable stock and also devotes some attention to stock-raising. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. JOHN L. FRANK, a farmer and fruit grower of Washington township, was born in Harrison county, Aug.14, 1827, and is a son of George and Catherine (Hardsaw) Frank, and is a grandson of Martin Frank, one of the prominent pioneers of the county, com- ing in 1812 from Rowan county, North Carolina, where he was born. His mater- nal grandfather, John Hardsaw, was a na- tive of the same county in North Carolina, and came to this county in 1809, locating on a farm in Washington township, where he continued to farm till his death in 1858. George Frank was born in North Carolina, was a hatter by trade, but soon gave up work at his trade after coming to the county, choosing farming as an occupation, and con- tinued up to his death in 1851. He reared a family of eleven children. Julia A., Eliza, Wm. T., Catherine and Ambrose are de- ceased. Ambrose was surgeon in 66th In- diana Vols., and was killed before Atlanta August 11, 186+. John L., Andrew J., Martin and George W. are the living chil- dren. John L. Frank was married to Mar- garet Brandenburg, a daughter of David Brandenburg, a member of a prominent Kentucky family, and settled in Harrison county from that State many years ago. Mr. and Mrs. Frank have had born to them fifteen children, of whom ten are living: J. C. (a lawyer at York, Neb.), Belle, Charles F. (lawyer at Hollyoke, Cal.), Abraham L., Wallace, Anna, Hannah, Catherine, Jno. L. and Amanda G. Mr. Frank has held the office of township assessor for two terms. He was a member in the original organization of the school board, and served as clerk in that body for two consecutive terms, and for the congres- sional district organization he also served two years. From 1865 to 1869, Mr. Frank held the office of township trustee. He is a member of I. 0. 0. F., No. 629 Lodge New Amsterdam, and is a member of Knights of Honor Lodge No. 506, at New Amster- dam, and is member of the M. E. Church. A Republican in politics. His farm con- tains 160 acres 60 acres of which being in a fruit orchard COL. GEORGE W. FRIEDLEY, Attor- ney for Louisville, New Albany & Chi- cago Railroad, was born in Harrison county, Indiana, on January 1, 1840. He was a son of John M. and Sophia (Thestund) Friedley. His father was a farmer, of German descent, and emigrated from Ken- tucky to Indiana in 1816. George W. Friedley received his early education in the ordinary schools of Harrison county, and afterward at the Hartsville University, from which he graduated at the age of twenty, after taking a full scientific course. On leaving the University he commenced read- ing law with Judge John R. Morrledge, of Clorinda, Iowa. After studying two years, the war breaking out, he entered the army as a private in Co. K, 4th Iowa Infantry. He was immediately elected first lieutenant SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 149 and served one year, when he was compelled to resign on account of ill health, re- turning to Indiana. In May, 1S62, his health having considerably improved, he entered the 67th Indiana Infantry, was elected captain of Co. I of that regi- ment, and from that time was actively en- gaged until the close of the war, serving with distinction throughout. During the forty-seven days' seige at Vieksburg he served on the staff of Gen. Burbridge of Kentucky. After the fall of Vieksburg he was at the capture of Jackson. The Thir- teenth Army Corps, to which he belonged, was then, transferred to the Army of the Gulf. At the close of the Vieksburg cam- paign the colonel of the regiment was mus- tered out on account of absence, and Capt. Friedley, although the youngest captain in the regiment, was elected in his place. The colonel afterward returning, however, was reinstated. He was then on the Gulf, in the Red River campaign, at the seige and capture of Fort Gaines and Fort Blakely, the last pitched battle of the war, April 9, 1865; a consequence of the fall was the capture of Mobile. He then, with the regiment, marched to Texas, and was mustered out at the close of the war, in August following. He returned to In- diana in the fall, and settled at Bedford in the practice of law, where he remained up to 1884, when he was appointed to his present important position, and has since resided at Lafayette, Ind., and has since given his entire time to the road. Col. Freidley was noted as one of the most cele- brated commercial lawyers in Indiana. In 1870 he was elected to the lower house of the Legislature and served on the Judiciary Committee of the House during that session. With others, he induced thirty- four members to resign, thereby frustrating a measure brought by the Democratic party to defeat Governor Morton. In 1872 he was elected to the Senate, over Judge Frank Wilson, deceased, for Monroe and Lawrence counties, designated "the Univer- sity District." At the special sessions of the Legislature convened in the November fol- lowing, there being a vacancy in the office of Lieutenant Governor, he was elected President of the Senate. He served through a term of four years as Senator. In the campaign of 1876 he was chairman of the Republican State Central Committee, and in 1880 delegate at large at the Chi- cago Convention. In politics he was an ar- dent Republican. In person he presented an imposing appearance, being six feet three inches in height and well built and proportioned. He was a ready speaker. He was married January 16, 1867, to Miss Edith M. Kelly, daughter of one of the oldest and most prominent merchants of Bedford; They had four daughters. Such is the history of one of Indiana's truly representative men. His death occur- red at Bloomington, Ind., in February, 1889. 150 HARRISON COUNTY MAJOR WETHERFORD FUNK is a son of Reuben and Lucinda (Spencer) Funk, and was born October 29, 1849. His father was of German descent, was a farmer by oc- cupation, a man of sterling traits of character and moral worth, always taking advanced ground upon questions of agricultural pur- suits and educational questions, was of the old Virginia stock, his parents having emi- grated from that State directly to Indiana in its early history. His mother, Lucinda Spencer, was of English descent, and daughter of James Spencer, Esq., who was prominent in the j)olitical history of his county and State, and was a leading farmer of his time. The subject of this sketch, Hon. M. W. Funk, was reared upon -the old homestead in Crawford county, Ind., and spent his early life upon the farm, and engaged in agricultural pursuits and attending the common schools of his native county until, at the age of 17, he began to teach in the common schools. But early in life such taste was displayed for literary pursuits, that at the age of 18 he quit the farm and used the means procured as teacher to de- fray the necessary expenses of a collegiate education, and at once entered the State University at Bloomington, and completed in that institution the Select Literary Course and graduated from the Law Department, with honor and distinction, in the year 1 S75. In debt for part of the money spent in his education, but not discouraged, young Funk was, immediately after graduating, admitted to the bar at Corydon, Ind., and earnestly entered upon the practice of his chosen profession, that of the Law. By hard work and close application he rose rapidly into public favor and distinction at the bar, until, in 1882, he was nominated by the Democratic party, on sharp competition, for Prosecuting Attorney of the Third Judi- cial Circuit of Indiana, and was elected to that office by a handsome majority, and nominated and re-elected in 1884. In this office Mr. Funk found a fine field in which to display the gift of oratory and natural and acquired ability as a lawyer that he is so well known to possess ; often times in the important criminal cases of that period being pitted alone against the ablest advocates of the district and State, but always fearless in the discharge of his official duty, able in debate, resolute and courageous in action, has been unusually successful in the prosecution of criminals. And when he retired from that ^office in 1886, he had won for himself a reputation as a lawyer that placed him at once at the head of the profession in the district and State, and now holds a high place in the esteem and confidence of all good people. Mr. Funk is now a member of the bar of the Supreme Court of Indiana and the United States District Court, and enjoys a large and lucrative practice in his own and other district courts of Southern Indiana, and Louisville, Ky. Until after the election of 1876, Mr. Funk was in politics a Republican; but, what he terms, the Presidential steal of that year caused him to change his poli- tics, and is now and has been since that year prominent in Democrat councils, al- ways taking an active part in the canvass upon the stump. His name is now the only one prominently mentioned for Judge of the Third Judicial Circuit of Indiana, as the successor of Hon. Wm. T. Zenor. His eminent and admirable qualifications and fitness for this high and honorable po- sition, as well as the fact that he will be nominated and elected, is now generally conceded. He was married on the 18th of June, 1876, to Miss Annice C. Wyman, of Mar- - . *j^S«^ 7 /ry^c^^^YK^> SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 153 tinsburg, Washington county, Ind., a lady of rare attainments and social worth. They, with their daughter Fannie, aged 10 years, own and occupy the most elegant and newly furnished residence in the beau- tiful little town of Corydon, their adopted home. DE. ZACHARY T. FUNK, born June 29, 1S47, in Crawford county, Ind. His parents, Reuben and Lucinda Spencer Funk, were also natives of Crawford coun- ty, the father being a farmer. The family was originally from Virginia, migrated from that State to Kentucky, thence to Indiana. Dr. Z. T. Funk, after receiving a com- mon-school education in the neighborhood in which he was born and reared, attended the State University to junior year, and graduated from Ohio State Normal College, at Lebanon Ohio, Business College. He studied medicine under Dr. Hazel- wood, of Valeene, Orange county, Ind., graduating from the Kentucky School of Medicine in 1876. He began the practice of his profession in Dubois county. He removed to Georgetown, Floyd county, and from there to Harrison county, in 1877, practic- ing his profession at Elizabeth for ten years. In November, 1886, he was elected treasurer of Harrison county, as a Pie- publican, over Patrick Griffin, by 126 majority, and served in that capacity for two years. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., high- ly esteemed for his abilities in the medical profession, very popular among the people, and a faithful, competent public official. In 1877 Dr. Funk was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary Summers, of George- town, Floyd county, Ind. He was a member of Company F, Fifty- ninth Indiana Infantry, during the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in 1864 and serv- ing until the close of the war. He was in the battle of Kinston, N. C, and in a num- ber of small engagements. JAMES R. FUNK, lawyer, was born in Crawford county, Ind., December 30, 1847, and is a son of John J. and Nancy (Spencer) Funk, the latter a daughter of James Spen- cer, of South Carolina, and a pioneer of Indi- ana. The subject's paternal grandfather, John Funk, was a Virginian, and settled in Crawford county, Ind., in a very early day. James R., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm until 15 years old, when he enlisted in the Sixth Indiana Regiment, as a private. The regiment was known as the "Border Guards," and was out on duty some six months. Mr. Funk received a liberal education. After taking a com- mercial course at Lebanon, Ohio, he en- tered the State University, at Blooming- ton, where he spent two years, and one year in the law department, from which he graduated in 1876, in law. He began practice at once at Fredericksburg, Ind., where he remained about six years, then re- moved to Corydon and formed a copartner- ship with Mr. Major W. Funk. They have one of the finest and best furnished law offices in the State of Indiana, and have a large and lucrative practice. Mr. Funk was married in 1S76, to Miss Ella House, of North Lewisburg, Ohio. They have four children. He is a member of the Masonic order, and a staunch member of the Republican party. 154 HARRISON COUNTY W. E. FUNKHOUSER, an influential farmer of Heath township, is a descendant of good old Virginian families. He was born in Harrison county April 7, 1850. His parents, David and Malinda Funk- houser (nee Wiseman), were both born in Harrison county, and the father of David Fuukhouser was among the earliest set- tlers in the county, coming as early as 1S15 from Virginia, and here combined farming and blacksmithing as his vocation which he continued till his death in 1829. David Funkhouser was born in 1810; is one of the leading farmers of the county. He stands well as a citizen and is a lead- ing member in the Christian Church. His maternal grandfather, William Wiseman, also a Virginian by birth, and located in the county about 1819 ; he was a leading farmer of his day and a consistent mem- ber of the M. E. Church. His death occurred in 1863. Wm. E. Funkhouser was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of the county, and was married in 1881 to Miss Bessie, daughter of Thomas Frank, a prom- inent farmer of the county, a member of the M. E. Church. Mr. Frank's death oc- curred in 1879. Of this marriage four chil- dren are living : Frank, Elmer, Belle and Bose. Mr. Funkhouser's farm of 150 acres is located three miles northwest of Mauck- port, where he resides. He is a member of the Congregational Church, and is also a member of the Knights of Honor. E. A. GBABLE was born in Harrison county, Ind., July 10, 1834, and is a son of David Grable, who was born in Virginia in 1818, came to this coimty among the earliest settlers. His mother, Patie French, was also a native of Virginia, and received but limited educational advantages. All the education David Grable received was at a little log school-house close to Cory- don. The subject, E. A. Grable, was raised on a farm and has followed it all his life. He pays considerable attention to stock- raising, viz : horses, mules and hogs. He was married March 8, 1861, to Miss L. C. Peters, bom and raised in the county, and a daughter of Frederick and Caroline Pe- ters. They have three children living: Benjamin H., Joan H. and Ada L. Mr. Grable owns 170 acres of fine farming land which he has well improved ; has a good residence and fine barn. He is an earnest Christian, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Church. He is an honest and enterprising citizen. COL. BEN. Q. A. GBESHAM, a brother of Judge Walter Q. Gresham and a hero of two wars, was born on a farm near the vil- lage of Lanesville, Harrison county, Ind., September 21, 1826. He grew to man- hood on the farm, and received a knowl- edge of the text books taught in the country schools of that day. In June, 1846, he en- listed in Co. I, of the Second Indiana In- fantry, Mexican army, and was elected or- derly of his company. He was discharged in June, 1847, having enlisted for one year. He fought with his regiment at the battle of Buena Vista. At the expiration of his service in the army he returned home and learned the millwright and carpenter busi- ness. In connection with his farming inter- est he continued in these callings until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861. In July of that year, he joined Co, B, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 155 3d Indiana Cavalry, as a private soldier. In the following month he was elected first lieutenant of his company. He ar- rived with his company at Washington City, September 3, 1S61, and was imme- diately ordered to Virginia, thence to Maryland, and subsequently ordered to Mill Stone Landing on the Pulaski river, and while there was engaged in picket duty and scouting and was very successful in cap- turing military stores, cavalry horses, etc. At this point Col. Gresham was promoted to the captaincy of his company. He par- ticipated with his company in the battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, and at the last battle he was severely wounded. After being restored to health he was transferred to the Cavalry Bureau and remained in that department during the winters of 1863 and 1864. Here, in the latter year, he received two promotions — Major and, later, Lieuten- ant-Colonel of the 10th Ind. Cavalry, and was assigned to duty at Pulaski, Tenn. He was engaged in all the battles of that sec- tion, and on the 17th of December, 1864-, was again wounded near Franklin, Tenn. His final discharge from the army was at Cincinnati the day President Lincoln was assassinated. Such are the salient points in Col. Gresham's military career. He was married to Miss Sarah Harbison, of the county, in October, 1S52, and they have six children : Lucy, Annie, Oscar, Amy, Joyce and Jonathan W. Col. Gresham is the son of William and Sarah (Davis) Gresham. His father, Will- iam Gresham was bom in Kentucky, and removed to the county in 1806, and, while performing his duties as Sheriff of the county, was killed February 17, 1833. His maternal grandfather was an uncle of Jef- ferson Davis, ex-President of the Southern Confederacy. Col. Gresham has been un- able for work since the war, from the wounds he received. He is at present holding the office of Township Assessor of his township. GEORGE K. GWARTNEY, editor of the Corydon Democrat, was born at Mauckport, Harrison county, Ind., July 7, 1855. His parents, Robert and Mary Sherman, Gwartney, were both natives of Harrison county, Ind. Both his grandfathers, Will- iam Gwartney and Jacob Sherman, were Virginians and among the early settlers of Harrison county. His father was engaged on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and is dead. George K. Gwartney left home when but fifteen years old, and started out in the world to hew his own fortune, working for a time on a farm for $10 a month. He was educated in the schools at Corydon, afterward taking a course at the Indiana University. To obtain an education and afterward enable himself to study law, he taught school in the winter and went to school in the summer. He read law with Stockslager & Douglass, at Corydon, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. The same year he took charge of the Corydon Democrat with Hon. S. M. Stockslager (now Commissioner of the General Land Office), on his election to Congress, and soon after purchased the office. At the time of the purchase he had but $50 in money and incurred a debt of $1000; this debt he discharged by pay- ments, and has his newspaper clear of en- cumbrance, and a good deal of valuabla real and personal property besides. Mr. Gwartney was elected Prosecutiug Attorney of the Third Judicial District in November, 1887, and served in that office for two years. 156 HARRISON COUNTY His paper, the Corydon Democrat, is the oldest newspaper in Harrison county, and enjoys a large circulation and profitable patronage. It was founded in 1856 by Hon. Simon K. Wolfe, ex-member of Con- gress, and has always wielded a wide influ- ence, both politically and in local affairs. On May 10, 1883, Mr. Gwartney was united in marriage to Miss Kittie Wolfe, daughter of Dr. H. S. Wolfe, of New Albany, Ind. His wife died in 1885. HENEY HAYS was born October 20, 1824, in Harrison county, and is a son of James and Maria (Faith) Hays ; the former a native of England, and who came to the United States in 1803, locating in Pittsburgh, where he remained for five years; in 1808 came to Harrison county, locating on a farm, continuing the same to the end of his life, in 1851, at the age of 66 years. His wife (mother of subject) was a native of Kentucky, and came to Indiana with her parents in 1808, when but eight years old. She was a daughter of Henry Faith, a carpenter and farmer. Henry, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the f arm and received a common- school education. In 1846 he was married to Miss Eliza- beth Beanblossom, a daughter of Philip and Frances (Love) Beanblossom. They have six children, four boys and two girls, viz : Philip B., Zack T., Henry C, Daniel W., Lucy J. and Anna C. Henry C. is married to Miss Stella Bean, of this county, and is a lawyer at Corydon ; Daniel W. is married to Miss Mary J. Lopp, and is a practicing physician in Kansas. Mr. Hays was captain of Co. I, of the Sixth Indiana Legion, and was engaged actively with Gen. Morgan when he made his raid through this State in 1863. His first lieutenant was killed in one of the skirmishes with the bold Confederate raider. Capt. Hays, son of Philip, enlisted in the 144th Infantry, and served with it until it was mustered out. Capt. Hays has two farms in this county ; the one on which he lives contains 270 acres of choice land and in a fine state of cultivation ; the other has 134 acres. He is one of the most prosper- ous farmers, and is always foremost in everything calculated to promote the pros- perity of the community in which he lives. DENNIS HICKMAN was born in Floyd county, Ind., October 5, 1813, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Cicloff ) Hickman ; the former, a native of Virginia, emigrated to Indiana and settled in Floyd county in 1808, among the earliest settlers of the county ; the latter, Elizabeth Cicloff Hick- man, was born in North Carolina, and was a daughter of Philip Cicloff, who came to Indiana in 1817. Dennis Hickman, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, and received but a limited educa- tion in the schools of the time. He par- ticipated in the Morgan raid, when the rebel General Morgan essayed to capture the "Northern Confederacy," and crossed the Ohio rivfr, at Brandenburg, Ky., for the purpose of "carrying the war into Af- rica." Mr. Hickman was with the gallant Home Guards that pursued the Confederate chieftain through Indiana and Ohio, and assisted in his final capture. He was mar- ried in 1840, to Miss Lucy Engleman, a daughter of Jacob Engleman, of Floyd county. They have eight children, viz : Levi, Ephraim, Eliphat, Mary Elizabeth, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 157 Annie M., Martha A., Sallie C, and Ja- cob. Mr. Hickman has a fine farm of 400 acres of finely improved land, 150 of which is in cultivation. He is engaged ex- tensively in stock-raising, and is a prosper- ous farmer and a worthy and exemplary citizen. Both he and his wife are earnest members of the Lutheran Church. PHILIP HICKMAN, a brother to Den- nis Hickman above mentioned, is a son of James and Elizabeth (Cicloff) Hickman, and was born in Floyd county, May 29, 1817, natives of the "Old Dominion" and of North Carolina, and early emigrants to Indiana. The subject of this sketch, Philip Hickman, was brought up on the farm, with but limited educational advantages, the common school system then being in its infancy. He was married in 1840 to Miss Elizabeth Burkharcit, a daughter of Jacob and Catherine Burkhardt, born and reared in Harrison county. They have five children — two at home and three married, and battling with the world for themselves. Mr. Hickman owns a fine farm of 267 acres, highly improved, 200 acres of which is under cultivation. He makes 'a specialty of stock-raising, viz : horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. He is an excellent farmer and upright and honorable man and a prosper- ous citizen. WARFORD HICKMAN was born in Floyd county, June 29, 1820, and is a son of James and Elizabeth (Cicloff) Hickman. He is a brother of Dennis and Philip Hick- man, whose sketches see for further an- cestral history. Mr. Hickman, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, and, like his brothers, received but limited edu- cational advantages. He was married in November, 1S44, to Nancy Ross, a daugh- ter of John Ross, of Floyd county, but a native of Virginia and a prominent farmer. They had nine children, as fol- lows : Martin, Lavina, Phoebe, Andrew J., Preston, Mary A., Philip, Harvey and El- len. Through fatal sickness in 1864, he lost wife and five children within a few weeks ; another son died at his post of duty in the Union army, during the late civil war. He married a second time, in 1865, to Adaline Foster, a daughter of William and Dorcas Foster, born and raised in Harrison coun- ty. This union resulted in three children, viz: Albert C, Lydia E. and Joseph. His v\ife died, and he married again Decem- ber 18, 1885, to Catherine Battles, a daugh- ter of William Battles. She was born and reared in the county, as were her parents. Mr. Hickman owns a valuable farm of 200 acres of land. It is well improved, and in an excellent state of cultivation. He raises stock, principally horses and cattle, and devotes some attention also to raising hogs. LEVI HICKMAN was born March 1, 1847, and is a son of Dennis and Lucy (Engleman) Hickman, whose sketch is given, and which see for family history. He was brought up on his father's farm, and received a common' school education. He was a member of Home Guards, and took part in the pursuit and capture of the rebel Gen. John Morgan when he made his raid into Indiana and Ohio during the late war. In 1879, he was married to Miss Cornelia Davis, a daughter of Thomas and Lavina Davis ; the former was born in Ken- tucky, March 1808, and in 1816, came to this county; the latter, Lavina Davis, 158 HARRISON COUNTY was bom in Harrison county, Inch, Febru- ary 11, 1819. Mr. and Mrs. Hickman have two children, viz : Ethel E. and Guy R., aged respectively nine and five years. Mr. Hickman owns a farm of 160 acres of good land, which he has well improved, and has it under an excellent state of cultiva- tion. He pays considerable attention to raising fine stock. The Hickman farms are among the very finest in Harrison county and the Hick- man brothers are among the most proper- ous and successful farmers in the county. CHARLES L. HILDEBRAND was born in York county, Pa., January 30, 1831, and is a son of John and Emily (Schultz) Hildebrand, natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin. The former came to New Albany in 1837, and soon after re- moved to Lanesville where he spent the re- mainder of his life. Charles L., the sub- ject, was reared in Lanesville and educated in the common schools. For forty years he has been engaged in the milling busi- ness — flour mill and saw mill. He owns the Elizabeth Mills, which have a capacity of from sixty to seventy barrels of flour a day. The building is 40x60 feet, and three stories high. It was fitted up at an ex- pense of about $17,000. Mr. Hildebrand was married in 1853 to Miss Sarah Hand, of Floyd county, Ind. They have seven children living and three dead. He owns several farms in the county. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, to the Odd Fel- lows and the Knights of Honor. He is a pushing, energetic and prosperous business man and a prominent and influential citi- zen. GEORGE HILT, a farmer, was born in Germany, June, 20, 1813. He is a son of John and Kate Hilt, they both being Germans. Refore emigrating to this coun- try George served a term of six years in the German army, with great credit. In 1845 he landed in America, and after a few months he settled in Harrison county, Ind. He received a limited education and is now considered one of the most reliable farmers in that locality. In the year 1837 he was married to Lizzie Keller, who is also of German parentage. Unto them were born six children : Henry, William, Kate, Mary, John and Lewis. Mr. Hilt owns a large farm of 227 acres, and raises some of the finest stock in the State. He is a member in good standing of the Lu- theran Church. WALDO H1SEY, liveryman, and one of the progressive young men of Corydon, is a son of William and Susan (Ogle) Hisey, both born in Harrison county. William Hisey was bom in 1818, and died in 1884 ; was twice elected treasurer of the county previous to the war. His father was a Virginian by birth, and was among the first settlers in the county. Waldo Hisey's maternal grandparents emigrated to the county from Pennsylvania, and were also among the first settlers. Waldo Hisey was born in Harrison county May 28,1860, and for some years was engaged at Cory- don in the mercantile business. In 18 S8 he opened out in the livery business. JACOB S. HORNER, M. D., was bom near Charlestown, Clark county, Ind., Oc- tober 1, 1826, and is the son of John and SOUVENIR SKETCHEa 159 Margaret (Whitehead) Horner, the former a native of Miami county, 0., whose father, Jacob Horner, came to Indiana in 1813, and located on the Blue river, twenty-three miles from New Albany, on the Vincennes Road. He kept a "house of entertainment" there at the crossing, and carried on farm- ing extensively. Margaret Whitehead Hor- ner's father, Arthur Whitehead, was a slave-holder in North Carolina, liberated his slaves and came to Indiana in 1813. Some of the slaves refused to be set free, and came to Indiana and remained with him as long as they lived. He located on the Blue river about six miles from the present town of Fredericksburg. Jacob S., the subject of this sketch, at- tended the common schools until he was 18 years old, when he entered Asbury Uni- versity at Greencastle, Ind., but left there while in the freshman's class on ac- count of his father's death. He conducted the farm for three years, and then com- menced reading medicine with Dr. John S. DuKate, who was then practicing medicine at Fredericksburg, but is now at Wheatland, Ind. In the winter of 1853-54, he attended a course of lectures at Kentucky School of Medicine, Louisville, Ky., after which he returned home and began practice at Lanesville in the spring of 1855. He con- tinued there until the spring of 1863, when he was commissioned assistant surgeon of Fifty-third Ind. Vols. In March, 1865, he was promoted surgeon of the regiment, in which capacity he remained until he was mustered out of the service in July, 1865. He was with Sherman in his "march to the sea." After the close of the war he re- turned home and resumed practice, which has actively continued ever since. Dr. Homer was married in 1848 to Miss Nancy Sensency, of Palmyra, Ind. They have six children living, viz : Francis Asbury, John W., Charles William, Jacob Walter, Agnes May and Eliza Jane. The eldest, Francis Asbury, is a graduate of the Asbury University, and is a practicing lawyer at Clay City, Ind. John W. attended the Asbury University and the State University until the end of his junior year, when he entered Yale College, graduating from the Divinity School in 1876. On his way home he visited the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, and during the fall following he took charge of three Congregational churches in Iowa. He remained in this work for three years, and was then called to Michigan, and a year later to Lake City, Minn. In the fall of 1887 he joined the Methodist Episcopal Conference of Illi- nois. Charles William attended the com- mon schools and spent two years at the Bloomington State University. He then went to Dakota, where he took up a claim, paid for it in two years, returned to Indiana and married at Bloomington; farmed for three years near Bloomington. He now lives in Kansas. Walter W. attended the common schools, and spent three years as book-keeper in Minneapohs and New York City. Agnes May married Robert T. Ben- son, a farmer near Lanesville. Eliza Jane married Dr. Wm. H. Butler, of Columbus, Ind. Dr. Horner owns a very prolific fruit farm of thirty-seven acres. It is situated on a high place, where'the fruit crop never fails. JAMES JENKINS was bom in Hardin county, Ky., Dec. 31, 1839, and is the son of James A. and Susan (Irwine) Jenkins. They emigrated to Harrison county, Ind., where he died in 1880 and his wife in 1887. James Jenkins, whose name heads this sketch, was the second child of his father's 160 HARRISON COUNTY second marriage, and was reared on a farm and was educated in the common schools of his neighborhood. He was married to Miss Mary Noon, April 8, 1860, a daughter of Calvin S. and Lauta (Clark) Noon. She had no children, and died May 13, 1881. Mr. Jenkins enlisted in February, 1865, in Co. E, 144th Indiana Vol. Infantry, and was discharged in August, 1865. He lived in Brandenburg, Ky., five years after the war, where he followed his trade of coopering. He then went to Mississippi, and then to Arkansas. While there was ap- pointed postmaster of Council Bend, but finally came back to Harrison county, as the best place after all. GEORGE B. KELLEY was born May 19, 1830, and is a son of James and Laura (Johnson) Kelley, the former a native of Hardin county, Ky., and a son of Gideon Kelley, whose father was Zachariah Kelley, a native of Ireland. Laura Johnson Kelley was a daughter of Robert and Rachel John- son, natives of Kentucky, and whose an- cestors were from Virginia. The parents of George R. had nine children, of whom he was the eldest. He was brought by his parents to Indiana when but two years old. When he was sixteen they returned to Ken- tucky and he accompanied them, remain- ing two years ; then he came back to Indi- ana. He was married August 29, 1852, to Catharine Mulkins, daughter of Norman and Elizabeth Mulkins, the former born in Kentucky about 1803, and the latter, whose maiden name was Miller, was a native of Indiana, but her parents were Pennsylva- nians. To Mr. and Mrs. Kelley were born fourteen children, viz : Winfield S., January 17, 1853; Henry C, January 1, 1855; Emma, March 30, 1857 (died Sept. 8, 1870); Robert, February 1, 1859; Alonzo L., March 16, 1861 (died Feb. 15, 1867; Laura E., December 27, 1863; James G., October 15, 1865 (died January 5, 1869); Sarah F., February 16, 1867; Susanna, November 4, 1871 (died March 9, 1872) ; Mary M., January 28, 1873; Edna G., April 3, 1875; Walter Q., November 30, 1877; Carrie H., September 15, 1879, and Rose C, June 16, 1881. After his mar- riage Mr. Kelley settled in Harrison, and now resides in Taylor township of that county. He is a reputable farmer and a highly respected citizen. He enlisted in the Union army September 23, 1864, and was discharged April 10, 1865, on the sur- geon's certificate of disability. The parents of subject, James and Laura Johnson Kelley, are but recently dead — the former died April 13, 1880, and the latter March 27, 1880, within little more than two weeks of each other. CHRISTOPHER C. H. KERNS, com- mander of Ulrich Dahlgren Post, 470, G. A. R., was born in Russell county, Ky., July 3, 1840, and is a son of Isham and Louise (Hall) Kerns, the former a native of Ken- tucky. He was the son of Job Kerns, born in Germany about the year 1760, a Revolu- tionary soldier, who died in Russell county, Ky., at an advanced age. Isham Kerns was a skilled mechanic, a natural genius; he followed blacksmithing, was a good stone mason, and also a carpenter. He served in tbe late war, in the Twelfth Ken- tucky Regiment, was 58 years old when he enlisted, and drove an ambulance most of the time. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 161 Christopher, whose name heads this sketch, was the second in the family of four children ; three sons and the father served in the Federal army during the late war. Christopher enlisted in Kentucky, at the beginning of the war, and after serving some time was taken prisoner and paroled. He then came to Indiana and enlisted in the Fiftieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Co. C, on the 5th of September, 1864, in which he served until after the close of the war, being discharged July 12, 1805, at Montgomery, Ala. He was afterward taken prisoner at or near Dardenell, Ark., and held a prisoner about four and a half months ; imprisoned first at New Washington, Ark., then at Shreveport, La., and afterward at Tyler, Tex. Was finally exchanged at the mouth of Red river. After the war he came to Harrison county, then to Gibson county, Ind., where he was married to Miss Eliza- beth F. Huffman, September 17, 1865, who was born October 17, 1848. • She was the daughter of Henry and Isabel (Reed) Huffman. They have had ten children, viz : Eliza E., Martha J., Engiba M., Anna B., Magnolia N., Sarah H., Uriel G., Octavia E., Samuel D. and Lydia L., three of whom are dead. Anna B. died August 8, 1S70; Mag- nolia N. died December 29, 1873, and Lydia L. died May 3, 1885. Mr. Kerns has an ex- cellent little farm of sixty acres in Boone township, this county, which he has highly improved. He is also a justice of the peace, the office of which he has filled with satis- faction to all. BARNETT KERKER was born in Pitts- burgh, Pa., in 1837, and was the son of Michael and Anna (Lope) Kerker, natives of Germany, who came to America when children with their parents, and at maturity were married in Pennsylvania. To them were born seven children, of whom Barnett Kerker, the subject of this sketch, was the youngest. He was reared on a farm and received but a limited education. When the war broke out in 1861, he enlisted, in August of that year, in Co. G, of the Seventy-fourth regiment, but was discharg- ed in September, 1862, on account of wounds received in the service. His first enlistment was in Co. A, Ninteenth Penn- sylvania Volunteers, for three months. Mr. Kerker learned the trade of a glass blower, and made several trips down the river from Pittsburgh to Louisville and Jef- fersonville, stopping at different towns, and engaged at his trade. He finally settled in Jeffersonville at the close of the war, but later came to Harrison county, where he has since resided. On the 8th of May, 1871, he was married to Miss Matilda Wissle,aPennsylvanian. Four children were born of this marriage, viz : Anthon in 1872, John in 1874, Rose in 1876, and Edward in 1878. His wife died Feb. 28, 1882, and Oct. 13, 1884, he married Miss Lavina Coons, a native of this county. They have two children, born as follows : Alva, July 19, 1885, and Ida, May 10, 1887. Mr. Kerker emigrated to Harrison county in 1884, his first wife having died in Penn- sylvania. JAMES M. KRON was born in Posey township, Harrison county, Ind., June 5, 1837, and is the son of Frederick and Rachel (Meek) Kron, the former born in Virginia October 1, 1810, and died in this county in 1S54. He was the son of George Kron, a native of Virginia, who emigrated to Indiana in a very early day 162 HARRISON COUNTY and settled in Harrison county, one of the pioneers who combined to make the State the paradise it is to-day. Eachel Meek Kron was the daughter of Sylvester and Rachael Meek, natives of Ohio. James M., the subject, was the third in a family of seven children. He was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools of the county. He enlisted in the army December 21, 1863, and was discharged June 15, 1865, for dis- ability. He was a member of Co. F, 81st Ind. Vol. Infantry, and was wounded at Jonesboro, and came home. He was married September 10, 1870, to Mrs. Sarah Goldsmith, formerly Miss Sarah Bolden, and a daughter of Sebert and Mary Bolden. Her first husband was James H. Goldsmith, and she had two children by him, viz: Martha J., born April 25, 1863, and Mary M., bom July 29, 1865. Mr. Goldsmith died, and his widow married Mr. Kron as above. They have six children, viz: Emma L., born May 1, 1871; Julia A., born July 29, 1873; Selina A., born November 19, 1875; W. H., born January 1, 1878; James A., born September 1, 1880 ; Wiley, January 3, 1883. He has a farm of about forty acres of land, which he has well improved, and cultivates princi- pally in fine fruits. He also does some coopering for the neighborhood. JAMES LANG was born in this (Har- rison) county, July, 17, 1835, and is a son of Samuel S. and Mary Ann (Current) Lang, both natives of this county, and prominent among their neighbors. James' grand- father, Eobert Lang, was a native of Shelby county, Ky., and came to Indiana when it was a Territory, locating in Harrison county. He was Justice of the Peace, County Com- missioner, and held other county offices. He died in 1856, at the age of seventy years. James, the subject, was brought up on a farm, and educated in the common schools. In 1855, he married Miss Eliza- beth Mock, a daughter of Joseph Mock, Esq., a native of Virginia, but who came to Indiana when quite small, and was a large farmer and a man of some local prominence. He died in 1862. Mr. Lang has no children, but is the oldest in a family of ten children, eight boys and two girls. After the subject are: Harry, Sam- uel C, Eobert, Craven, by first wife; and Bhoda, Abraham Lincoln, Hamilton, Al- bert and Elizabeth, by a second wife. These last all died while small, except Albert and Elizabeth. GANES LaEUE, a leading farmer, was born in Harrison county, Ind., in 1818. His ancestors were of Old Virginia stock, and were among the best families who emi- grated from that State to Indiana. His father, Spencer LaEue, settled in Har- rison county in 1817, a native of Virginia, as was also his mother, Margeret (Davis) LaEue. Ganes LaEue's educational advantages were limited to schools of the county. He is one of the successful farmers of Harri- son county. He was married, in 1844, to Miss Sallie Boley, who was born in Harri- son county in 1826, and a daughter of Isaac Boley, a pioneer who settled in the county from Virginia. This union has been blessed with ten children, all of whom have been well educated. He owns a fine fami in Jackson township, and devotes his entire time to farming and stock raising. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 163 SAMUEL LAWSON was bom in White county, Tenn., December 8, 1829, and is a son of Pleasant and Rebecca (Morgan) Lawson ; the former a soldier in the War of 1812, and served three years in the Eighth Regulars, Col. Charles Pinckney ; the latter was a granddaughter of Gen. Daniel Mor- gan, whose famous Regiment of Riflemen was a power in the Revolutionary war. Samuel Lawson, the subject, was the fifth in a family of nine children. He was reared on the farm and received a common- school education. When war was declared against Mexico, he enlisted in Co. C, Third Kentucky Volunteers, and served out the term of enlistment, one year. He enlisted and was discharged at Louisville, Ky., and thence came to Harrison county, and engaged in blacksmithing. In 1862 he was. married to Miss Elizabeth Hick- man, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Hickman, natives of Virginia ; the former born in 1801, and died in 1887. They have had seven children, viz : William W., Sherman T., Martha K., Laura, Mary F., Rebecca and Andrew ; all are living except Sherman, who died August 21, 1867. Mr. Lawson was commissioned captain of an independent company, mustered in the fall of 1861, commissioned by Governor Morton, called the Lawson Grays, which he com- manded for three years and was then mus- tered in the Sixth Regiment of the State Legion. September 22, 1864, he enlisted in the Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infan- try, in which he served until mustered out at the expiration of his term of service. He saw hard service while out, and was with Sherman in his grand march to the sea, enduring the fatigue and all the hardships of that long march. He was present at the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. June 4, 1865, he was mustered out of the service and returned home, the survivor of two warsaud a high- ly respected citizen. ISAAC E. LEFFLERwas born in Posey township, Harrison county, Ind., April 5, 1846, and is the son of Peter and Ellen (Cooper) Leffler — the former also a native of Harrison county ; the latter a daughter of John and Mary (Chappell) Cooper. Isaac E. was the second in a family of four children. He was born and reared on a farm and received a good common-school education. He enlisted in 1863, in Co. F, Eighty-first Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry. Subsequently he was transferred to Co. F, Thirty-first Infantry, in which he served till the close of the war, being dis- charged December 18, 1865. His service in the army was hard, and among his fighting was a participation in the battle of Nash- ville, when he was on line of battle for a week, and fought two whole days. After the war was over he returned to his home, bought the old homestead farm, and in 1 867, on the 7th of November, he married Miss Mary A. Shaner, a daughter of Jacob and Mary Shaner, born in Harrison county, in January, 1843. They have seven chil- dren, born as follows : Mary E., October 30, 1868; Charles E., July 7, 1870; Lavina S. N., August 17, 1874; Catherine A., July 28, 1877; John W., January 6, 1880; Richard E., November 6, 1882, and Amos G., April 10, 1884 — all of whom are living. JAMES D. LEMAY, a well-to-do farmer of the county, is a native of Albemarle county, Virginia, and was born September 164 HARRISON COUNTY 14, 1830. He is a son of William Lernay, and his mother's maiden name was Gentry, who were both Virginians by birth. His father came to Harrison county in 1833, and died in 1849. James D. Lemay was married to Cyntha Ann, daughter of Philip Bell, deceased, of this county, in 1853. Her death occurred in Feb., 1859. In 1860 he was again mar- ried, to Miss Eebecca Jane Brown, a native of Ohio, daughter of Benjamin Brown, who was born in Virginia and removed to this county a number of years before his death. Mr. Lemay's children were William and Henry R., who are both deceased. He has a splendid farm of 280 acres near Corydon. DAVID F. LEMMEL was born in Jef- ferson county, Ky., January 12, 1835, and son of John and Margaret Lemmel ; the former a prominent farmer of Harrison county, who died in 1851, aged sixty years ; the latter died also in 1851, aged fifty-eight years. Both were natives of Germany and came to the United States in 1832. David F. was reared on the farm, and taught that it was an honest and inde- pendent calling. He was married in 1856 to Miss Eliza- beth Schafer, of Harrison county, who bore five children, viz : Sarah A., Mary C, George W., Alice M. and Nannie B. The only one married is Sarah, who married George W. Yeager, of this county. Mrs. Lemmel died in 1870. In 1872 he married Miss Nancy Nance, of Floyd county, Indiana. Mr. Lemmel owns a fine fruit farm, numbering sixty acres, on the Corydon and New Albany Turnpike road, one mile from Lanesville. It is as good land as there is in the county. He makes a specialty of strawberries, and in 1886 sold 3,200 gallons off of four acres of ground. Mr. Lemmel is a prominent man in this neighborhood, and an enter- prising and prosperous farmer. DANIEL F. LEMMON was born July 18, 1844, in Franklin township, Harrison county, Ind. His father, John Lemmon, a native of Spencer county, Ky., was born in 1804, and emigrated to Harrison county, Ind., in 1884. He was four times elected as a member of the Indiana Legislature in 1852, 1854, 1862 and 1864, serving his county with ability ; he also served as a county commissioner, was a man of great public spirit and indentified with all en- terprises that had in view the advance- ment of the material interests of Harrison county. He died in September, 1881. Mr. Lemmon's mother, Elizabeth Johnson, was a native of Jefferson county, Ky., and both his grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war that gave this country independence of England, and were natives of Virginia. Daniel F. Lemmon is the eighth of ten children, was reared on a farm, and edu- cated in the schools of Harrison couuty and the city of Louisville, Ky. He was county superintendent of schools from June, 1873 to November, 1884, when he resigned to accept the office of county clerk, to which he was elected in 1884. He was married in 1863 to Lucinda J. Sharp, daughter of Wm. D. M. Sharp, of Harrison county. Six children have been born to the marriage : Cora A., Lizzie, John W., Emma, Caddie and Brandt. Mr. Lem- mon is an active member of the I. 0. 0. F. at Corydon. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 165 J. W. H. LITTELL is a native of this (Harrison) county, and was born January 27, 1840. He is a son of Hugh and De- lilah (Long) Littell ; the former born August 14, 1814, and was a son of Eeuben and Elizabeth (Gormley) Littell, natives of Vir- ginia. The family emigrated to Harrison county in 1817, and settled a half-mile south Corydon. Delilah Long, the wife of Hugh Littell (and mother of subject), was born in this county, and was a daughter of Levi Long, an early settler of the county, and a noted preacher in the Baptist Church here fifty years ago — a man of great natural talent and moral worth. He was an inveter- ate worker, attended five or six churches at a time, at great distances from each other, and traveled on foot or horseback, stopping where night overtook him, and receiving the hospitalities of the pioneer's cabin without money and without price. Rever- ently asking the blessing of God on all he did, his life was simple and unostentatious, his wants few and easily satisfied. His teachings, though plain and unvarnished, did as much, or more toward Christianiz- ing, what was then a new and wild coun- try, than any other influence. He lived out the measure of his days, and died in the hope of a glorious immortality. J. W. H. Littell, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm until he was sixteen years of age, when he went to clerk for Paul Sieg, of Corydon, which he fol- lowed for one year, when he returned to the farm. At eighteen, having received a good common-school education, he began teaching, which he continued until the storms of war commenced gathering around his home, and the Confederate, John Mor- gan, the great cavalry raider of the South, crossed the Rubicon to his fate, when he joined Capt. J. W. Marshall's company of of the "Home Legion," and took part in (as he termed it) the "John Morgan racket." On the 4th of April, 1864, he was mus- tered into the Thirteenth Indiana Cavalry, commanded by Col. Johnson, the last cav- alry regiment raised, but the first equipped and sent to the front. Mr. Littell enlisted as a private, but was soon promoted to Lieutenant of Co. D. In the summer of 1865, he was promoted to Acting Assistant Regimental Quartermaster, with the rank of Captain ; at the same time he filled the po- sition of Commissary, thus holding two positions at once. He was in the Murirees- boro and Nashville battles, and then in a chain of running fights until Hood crossed the Tennessee, also in all the engagements in around Nashville. His shirt and coat sleeve were shot through by the enemy's shell, but he received no personal injury. Since the war he has devoted his time and attention to farming, except two years just after the close of the war, when he engaged in man- ufacturing tombstones, etc. He owns about 200 acres of fine land, well improved and in an excellent state of cultivation. He has a handsome residence and is well fixed to live comfortable and well. He has one of the finest herds of cattle, consisting of Jerseys, shorthorns, etc., in Harrison county, and some very fine blooded horses. Captain Littell was married in October, 1866, to Miss Bettie A. Sieg, a daughter of J. M. Sieg, Esq., of Harrison county. The Sieg family is from Virginia originally; John Sieg, the grandfather of Mrs. Littell, settled here in 1816, among the early set- tlers of the county. Captain and Mrs. Lit- tell have six children living, viz : Minnie, Walter, Pinckney, Joe Logan, Alonzo and Loretta. Captain Littell is a member and adjutant of Nevin Post, G. A. R. ; was one of the organizers of this Post, and in 1882 elected first Commander of it, which po- sition he beld for four years. He is a 16G HARRISON COUNTY staunch Republican, but at the same time somewhat liberal in his political sentiments. He is a great reader and well versed in the current literature of the day. JOHN J. LOWE was born in the town of Elizabeth, Harrison county, Ind., March 24, 1833, and is a son of Nathan M. and Mary (Stephaus) Lowe ; the former a native of Albany, N. Y., and the other a daughter of John Stephaus of this county. The elder Lowe was brought up in his native city, and was liberally educated, graduat- ing from the best schools. He read medi- cine, attended lectures, graduated, and re- ceived a diploma from the best college in New York. He came West in 1825 and lo- cated in Harrison county, where he prac- ticed his profession until his death, April, 29, 1865. His wife, Mary Stephaus, was a native of this county, but her parents came from Rhode Island. John J. Lowe, the subject of this sketch, was the fourth in a family of ten children. He was brought up and educated in his native town of Eliz- abeth, and graduated from Friendship Academy of that place, an institution of learning that had a high reputation in its day. Hundreds of students attended it from all parts of the State, and at the time Mr. Lowe was a pupil, it was under the superintendence of Prof. John S. Samback, a very higldy-educated and cultured gentle- man. After completing his education Mr. Lowe entered the office of his father for the study of medicine, but after reading for a time, he gave up the study and turned his attention to mechanical pursuits. He be- came a skillful carpenter and plasterer, and also farmed to a large extent. For a time during the war he served the Govern- ment as a teamster, but in April, 1865, he enlisted in Co. D, of the Forty-ninth Ind. Vol. Infantry, in which he served until the expiration of his term of enlistment, Sep- tember 5, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. Lowe was married Sep- tember 14, 1854, to Miss Mary A. Gill- more, a daughter of Benjamin and Millie Gillmore. To them were bom ten children, as follows : Laura B. and Flora V. (twins), August 16, 1S57; Nathan, March, 15, 1860; Fanny A., January 18, 1862; Mar- garet A., April 24, 1865 ; Harriet, August 3, 1867; Clara T., February 4, 1871; Eva G., April 7, 1875 ; Charles H., October 21, 1877; Benjamin K., November 16, 1879; all of whom are living except three, viz: Nathan died February 3, 1861; Charles died August 27, 1S78,- and Benjamin died March 24, 1881. He settled on a farm of fifty acres, which is highly cultivated and well set in fine fruit trees and grapes. He has two grape vines of the Fox variety that are sixty-five years old, and rarely fail to bear fruit. Mr. Lowe is an enter- prising citizen, and a prosperous, well-to- do farmer. JAMES LONG is a native of this (Har- rison) county, and was born July 17, 1835. He is a son of Samuel S. and Mary Ann (Current) Long, also natives of the county. The elder Long was a prominent farmer of Harrison county, well liked by everybody who knew him. He died in 1866, leaving a family of ten children. His father, Robert Long, was a native of Shelby county, Ky., but came to Indiana when it was a Territory, locating in the present county of Harrison. He was among the earliest settlers of the county, and served as justice of the peace and SOUVENIR SKETCHES lG7 county commissioner, nearly all through his life. He was a member of the old Whig party, but in those days the office, sought the man, not the man the office, and Democrats and Whigs alike voted for Mr. Long whenever he was a candidate for office. He died in 1S56, at the age of seventy years. James Long, the subject of this sketch, was the eldest of a family of ten children, and was brought up on a farm, receiving a common-school education. In 1855 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Mock, a daughter of Joseph Mock, Esq., a native of Virginia, but who came to Indi- ana when quite young, and died in Febru- ary, 1862. Mr. Long has no children. He is one of Harrison county's most exemplary citizens, and belongs to one of the oldest families of the State, highly respected and prominent in the affairs of the county. He owns 110 acres of highly improved land, and devotes considerable time and attention to fruit culture. JOHN LOWETH was born in Hunting- tonshire, Eng., the same county in which Oliver Cromwell was born, May 31, 183!). He was a son of Eobert and Elizabeth (Eoycroft) Loweth, who still reside in England. Mr. Loweth came to the United States when a boy. He received a good busi- ness education in the mother country. His family on both sides were millers, which occupation was followed by the male mem- bers. At the age of 18 he located at Cleve- land, Ohio, with his uncle, and in 1867 came to Corydon, Ind., and engaged in running the Red Mills with Hisey & Denbo. Subsequently he bought a part of the Eclipse Mills; now he owns the whole establish- ment. He is putting in the new patent roller process at considerable expense. Six months the mill rims by water and six months by steam — capacity 100 barrels in 24 hours. It is a four-story frame 50x50 feet. Mr. Loweth was married in 1862, to Miss Mary J. Scott, of Floyd county, and a daughter of Moses Scott, one of the early settlers of Floyd county, originally from near Shelbyville, Ky. Moses Scott laid off the town of Scottsville, Floyd county, which bears his name. 168 HARRISON COUNTY JOHN McRAE was a son of Daniel A. McRae. Was born February 12, 1820. He was the eldest in a family of six chil- dren, and was brought up on a farm, receiv- ing such education as was to be obtained at that day. When twenty-two years old he obtained a position on a steamboat on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, rising to the head of the river profession. During the war he was captain of the steamer "Diana," a prominent vessel in the Government service. She was sent down the Mississippi river to rid the country of the swarms of guerrillas then depudating upon all people alike. Under the name of the Mississipsi Marine Brigade, in command of Gen. Elliott, they paroled the lower rivers, and treating guerrillas who fell into their hands to a short shrift. The fleet was composed of six mammoth side wheelers and four stern wheelers. Mr. McRae served as captain of one of these vessels about a year, when he was discharged for disabil- ity. The Marine Brigade accomplished the purpose for which it was formed — it cleared the river country from guerrillas, and recovered a large quantity of contra- band goods. Capt. McRae is now the only surviving captain of that famous fleet, the Marine Brigade, which left New Albany, April 5, 1863. He married Miss Tilbartha Robinson, the daughter of James T. and Christiana Robinson — the former a native of Dela- ware, born in 1785, and died in 1867; the latter born in 1823, and died June 11, 1888. To them were born five children. Capt. John McRae, whose portrait ap- pears in this volume, after meeting with the misfortune of being paralyzed on one side, arm and leg, he retired from his ac- tive duties as a "river man," to his farm near Evans' Landing, where he has a beau- tiful home, surrounded with the comforts of life, and a happy family of children. There is no farmer or citizen in Harrison county more widely and favorably known, or a man who values honor and integrity among men higher than Captain John Mc- Rae. A genealogical account of the MaeRas was written by John MacRa, some time minister of Duig Wall, in Ross-shire, who died in 1704. This was transcribed and extended by Farquhar MacRa, and, from manuscript received from Scotland, was printed for private circulation by Colin MacRae, of Camden, S. C. In the account there is reference to a tradition of a "des- perate rencounter betwixt two of the petty Princes of Ireland, in which a certain young man signalized himself by his prow- ess, defending himself from a particular attack of the enemy, which others observ- ing said, in Irish words, "he was a fortu- nate son." The spelling of the original name, McRath, was variously modified, ac- cording to the pronunciation in the dialect of the particular locality, Thus : Mac- Grath, MacGraw, MacGrow, MaeRay, MacRae ; sometimes from an "ill-founded prejudice," the Mac was dropped and the name became Craw, Crow, Ray or Rae. In this country, a John McRae adopted the spelling McCrea, that he might be distin- guished from other John MacRaes. Some of the Mac Ras, adherents of Colin Fitz- gerald, came to Scotland as early as 1265. At a somewhat later date, probably, Mae- Ras came to Kintail, whence they widely diffused. The genealogist cited maintains that the MacKensies, the MacRaes, and the MacLains were of the same people in Ireland. He gives as an evidence to which the manners of the times would give force, the fact that a MacKensie, a MacRa, and a MacLain had a tomb in the same place. ^uj SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 171 He also maintains that the Campbells of Scotland were of the same stock, a MacRa having married the heiress of Craignish, and changed his name to Campbell. He seems to be proud of the fact that this Mac- Ra, in changing his name did not change his blood. The Campbells and the Mac- Ras maintaining a close intimacy through- out successive generations. Whatever may have been the degree of relationship, or the comparative prominence of the four clans, they were all brave in battle, constant in friendship and true to public trusts. A large portion of the MacRas in the United States of America are descendants from those who landed at Wilmington, N. C, before the Revolution. Others are descended from an Episcopal minister sent to Virginia by the British Crown. At an early period one MacRae is known to have emigrated to New York. From these progenitors have sprung many families of local prominence, and not a few of wider distinction. Their chief merit, however, does not consist in the fact that they have furnished heroic soldiers, prosperous farmers, successful merchants, able professionals and wise legislators, but rather in the fact that their law-abiding habits are such that their names do not appear in the lists of convicts. Capt. John McRae's grandfather, Alex- ander McRae, was born in Scotland about 1745, married Catherine McRae, and, with one child, left their native coun- try and came to America in 1773. He located in Wilmington, N. C. He was a weaver by trade, and engaged in farming and weaving in his new home. Four chil- dren were born to them, and then his wife died. He afterward married Flora McRae, by whom he had six children. Of the four born of his first marriage, Daniel A. McRae was the youngest. He (Daniel A. McRae) became a man of considerable prominence, receiving, for that day, a liberal education. The early settlers of North Carolina, of whom a large settle- ment, when the McRae's located, were from Scotland. They were not willing to rear their children in ignorance, and so brought teachers from their native country, at their own expense, and by this means Daniel A. McRae was well educated, becoming pro- ficient in the art of surveying as well as in other branches of learning. He married Christina McDonald, in 1813, daughter of Angus McDonald, and came to Harrison county the next year, locating upon the land the village of New Middletown now stands upon. He followed surveying for eight or ten years, and was the second county surveyor. He was also a millwright, and built many of the best mills in the county. In 1840 he removed to Crawford county, and soon after was appointed surveyor of the county. He was elected to the lower house of the Legislature in 1845, and made an efficient and working member. When his term ex- pired he was again appointed county sur- veyor. And about the year 1850 he moved back to Harrison county, where he died Aug. 16, 1875, "full of years and full of honors." The subject of this sketch is descended from the North Carolina MacRaes. SAMUEL P. McRAE was born in Web- ster township, Harrison county, January 29, 1843, and is the son of Malcom and Mary (McRae) McRae, which makes him a full-blooded McRae. They came to Indiana in an early day, and settled in Harrison county. His grandfather was Christopher McRae, a native of North Carolina ; was 172 HARRISON COUNTY born about 1775, and a soldier of the War of 1812. He married Mary McRae, a daugh- ter of Alexander McRae, a Revolutionary soldier, who was a son of Duncan McRae. Malcom and Mary McRae bad ten children, of whom Samuel P. (the subject) was the eldest. He was raised on a farm and re- ceived such education as afforded by the common schools. He enlisted September 23, 1864, in Co. G, Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged June 25, 1865, by expiration of term of service. He was, besides other service, with Gen. Sherman in his march to the sea, and bore a part in all the hardships of that long and toilsome march. He was present at the surrender of Gen. Joe John- ston, and then went to Ricbmond and thence to Washington, D. C, where he was dis- charged as above. He was married Dec. 26, 1878, to Miss Harriet Marsh, born March 20, 1852, a daughter of James and Nancy Marsh, natives of Harrison county. The live on the fami entered by Malcom McRae, subject's father, many years ago. JAMES A.McRAE, a son of John McRae, born in Harrison county, February 16, 1845. He was raised on a farm and attended the common schools, finishing off his education at the Corydon High School. He enlisted in the army December 8, 1861, tbough but 17 years of age, in Co. K, Fifty-ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was dis- charged in February, 1863, for disability. After leaving the army he taught school several terms. He was married March 14, 1865, to Miss Zerilda A. Safford, a grand- daughter of the Hon. Wilham Safford, who served as representative in the Legislature, and a daughter of Jesse Safford, a promi- nent farmer. Mr. and Mrs. McRae had five children : Nellie V., born December 8, 1865; Jesse A., October 17, 1867; Frank E., August 23, 1870; John D., February 13, 1873, and Claudius, June 24, 1875. Mrs. McRae died March 1, 1878, and on April 26, 1881, Mr. McRae was married to Elizabeth Kirkham. To them were born three children as follows : Edna and Ethel (twins), August 11, 1883; Walter C, May 12, 1885, and died May 6, 1886. Mrs. McRae died November 17, 1887. Mr. McRae has twice been chosen trustee of Taylor township, and owns a large and ex- cellent farm. He is an exemplary citizen and an energetic business man and farmer. ROBERT McDANIEL was born in Mem- phis, Tenn., March, 30, 1845, and is the son of Hiram and Rebecca (Rainey) McDaniel ; the former bom in Kentucky in 1816 ; the latter also bom in Kentucky, and a daugh- ter of Robert and Mary Rainey. Robert Rainey was a son of Wm. Rainey, the lat- ter a soldier and scout in the United States army for eleven years. He was with Gen. Wayne in his campaign which resulted in suppressing Indian outrages in Ohio, In- diana and Kentucky. Hiram McDaniel was a son of Peter and Mary McDaniel, natives of Kentucky. About 1844 he went to Memphis, Tenn., where he remained several years, and then removed to Louis- ville, Ky., where he located and engaged in teaming. Later he came to Indiana, and settled in Harrison county. He fol- lowed fanning and teaming to the end of of his life, and died May 18, 1864. Rob- ert McDaniel, the subject of this sketch, was the eldest in a family of nine chil- dren bom to his parents. He was raised SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 173 on a farm and received such education as afforded by the schools of the neighborhood. He enlisted in Co. M, Forty-fifth Indiana Volunteers (Third Cavalry), and was dis- charged April 15, 1865, by expiration of his term of service. His service was long and severe, but he lived through it and re- turned in safety to home and friends. March 30, 1870, he married Miss Cinder- ilia Detrick, a daughter of John and Eu- thora Detrick. They have nine children, viz : Ticia, born January 13, 1871 ; Eugene, born April 15,1872; Euthora, October 9, 1873; Mary, February 12, 1875;Eobert E., September 25, 1876; Charles, Septem- ber 20, 1879 ; Samuel, May 23, 1881 ; Hiram W., July 16, 1884 (died August 23, 1885); Martha K., November 30, 1886. Mr. McDaniel is an industrious and pros- perous farmer, and a highly respectable citizen. GEORGE M. McCARTY, deceased, was born in Meade county, Ky., April 14, 1827, and was the son of William T. and Sophia (Bentley) McCarty, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Pennsylvania — they came with their parents to Indiana when children. George M. was brought up on the farm, and received a good practical education, and when a young man followed school-teaching. In 1856 he married Miss Rebecca Sherman, a daughter of Jacob Sherman, who was a prominent farmer of this county, and in his young days was a leading merchant at Mauckport. Mr. McCarty, after teaching awhile, engaged in farming, and became one of the leading farmers of the county. He owned 340 acres of land, 200 of which was in the Ohio river bottom opposite Brandenburg, and as productive as any that "over a crow flew over." Mr. and Mrs. McCarty had six children, viz : Augusta, Charles M., Will- iam H., Margaret E., Julia and Benjamin S. Augusta married Tarrence Connor, of Rome, Ind., but who now lives at Baxter Springs, Kansas ; Charles M. married Miss Laura Carroll, of this county, and is a far- mer; William H. married Martha E. Faith — she has since died ; Margaret E. married Stephen H. Carroll, formerly of this county, but now of Baxter Springs, Kas. The others are all at home. Mr. McCarty died in 1875, and was mourned by a large circle of friends and relatives. CAPT. JOHN W. MARSHALL is a native of Hardin county, Ky., and was born January 22, 1833. He is a son of John W. and Margaret (Hughes) Marshall, of Kentucky, and of the illustrious family so prominent in Kentucky and Virginia. Capt. Marshall came to this country thirty-eight years ago, and has lived most of the time in the township where he lives now. In 1S61 he raised a company of home guards 100 strong, which he drilled thoroughly. Subsequently he raised Co. C, Fifty-third Infantry, commanded by Col. Gresham. He was captain of Co. C, over two years, and was discharged on ac- count of being disabled at Big Black river in the latter part of 1862. He returned home and engaged in farming, which he has continued ever since. He has one of the finest farms in Har- rison county, comprising 46S acres of very productive land, well improved. Capt. Marshall was married to Miss Elizabeth Sieg, daughter of Daniel F. Sieg, a native of Virginia, who came here among the pioneers ; his father was John Sieg, 174 HARRISON COUNTY also an early settler, and a native of Vir- ginia. Capt. Marshall has been commander of Nevin Post, G. A. R. As a farmer, he is one of the best and most successful in the county, and owns one of the finest farms. WILLIAM G. MASON was born March 5, 1840, and is the son of Lincoln and Laurauia (Dugan) Mason ; the former born in the Green River country of Kentucky, about 1806, came to Harrison county, Ind., when young; the latter was born in this county about 1818. Lincoln Mason dis- appeared very singularly. He was a cooper by trade, and it was his custom every fall to go to Louisville, Ky., and work at his trade there during the fall and winter. In the fall of 1851 he made his usual trip to that city. He was seen by several ac- quaintances after his arrival there, and then suddenly was lost sight of, and to this day has remained lost to his family and friends. William G., the subject of this sketch, is the third in a family of nine children. He was but 12 years of age when his father so suddenly disappeared, and he became the main stay and hell) of his mother. In September, 1861, he en- listed in Co. A, Forty-ninth Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, for three years or during the war. He participated in every battle and skirmish in which the Forty-ninth took part, and their service was no child's play. He escaped without a wound. At the close of the war he was discharged from the army, and returned home to Harrison county, when, on the 24th of May, 1867, he was married to Miss Rebecca Hornbeck, a native of Harrison county, and a daugh- ter of Abraham Hornbeck, also a soldier in the late war, serving in Co. E, Eighty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry. To Mr. and Mrs. Mason were born nine children, as follows : Abe Lincoln, March 5, 1 868 ; Minnie, December 24, 1870; Doc, May 1, 1872; Patty, Mayl, 1875; Daisy, August 29, 1877; Florence, October 16, 1880; Leoma, June 16, 1882; Alice, September 9, 1884, and Lilly, March 7, 1887. Mr. Mason lives on a farm in Taylor township, and is what may be termed a successful farmer. He and his wife are consistent members of the Baptist Church. SANFORD MARTIN was born in Wash- ington county, Ind., April 6, 1848, and is a son of Manoah Martin, who was born near Shelbyville, Ky., about 1816. He came to Indiana with his parents in infan- cy, his father, Lewis Martin, being one of the pioneers of Washington county. He (Lewis) was a native of Virginia, emigra- ted to Kentucky, and some years after to Indiana. Manoah Martin married Sallie A. Wood, a daughter of one of the early settlers of Wood township, Clark county, a township that was named for him. Sanford Martin, the subject of this sketch, was reared to farm life and educa- ted in the public schools of the county. He was married in 1870 to Elizabeth Da- vis, a daughter of Robert Davis, a native of Kentucky, but who come to Indiana with his parents in 1819. Mr. and Mrs. Mar- tin have six children, as follows : Robert, Stella J., Manoah, Ida B., Bethsadia M. and Arvle. After marriage Mr. Martin lived for some time in Clark county, but finally removed to Harrison county, where he has since resided. He settled near the site of an Indian village in what is now SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 175 Spencer township. His wife, the mother of Elizabeth Davis Martin, was a daughter of Dennis Pennington, who was a prominent man in the early history of Harrison county. He represented the county in the Legis- lature at the first session, and at several successive terms after the State was or- ganized. He built the old State House now standing in the public square of Cory- don. His wife, the maternal grandmother of Mrs. Martin, who was Elizabeth Eng- lish, was captured by the Indians when she was but seven years of age, and kept in captivity until she was fourteen. Her step- father went on horseback to what is now the State of Minnesota for her, but she would not return with him. One of her brothers then went on foot for her, and she was induced to return to her people and to civilization. Mr. Martin owns 120 acres of choice land in Spencer township, which is well im- proved. He devotes some attention to growing small fruits, although he carries on general farming. He is a member of the Christian Church. JOHN J. MAUCK, farmer and miller, and a member of one of the oldest families in the county, was born in Harrison county, Jan. 1, 18@6. David and Elizabeth (Sni- der) Mauck were his parents, who emi- grated from Shenandoah county, Virginia, to Harrison county in 1802, and were among the very first families to locate in the county. They both came with their parents when quite young, and were among the eight or ten families who came to the county in wagons. At that time the Wyandotte Indians were indifferent toward the Whites, and a few years later became highly incensed and lead what is known as the "Pigeon Eoost Massacre," on the edge of Scott county, which occurred about the time the battle of Tippecanoe was fought, the exact date being Sept. 3, 1812. David Mauck was married in 18$©. His first settlement in Harrison county was on Blue river one and a half miles from Wyan- dotte Cave. He was a noted hunter in pioneer days, when the bear, elk and deer, were as numerous as were the Wyandotte Indians. He stood his draft for the War of 1812, and furnished a substitute, who fought at the battle of Tippecanoe, and was successful in bagging several red skins ; after dressing his game, gave the hides over to Mr. Mauck, who was extensively engaged in tanning in those days as well as hunting. Mr. Mauck, after enduring the hardships of pioneer life, lived to be a very old man, dying in 1876, at the age of 92 years ; his wife, who shared with him in the vicissi- tudes of such a life, died in 1871, at the age of 71 years. John J. Mauck was married in 1861 to Mrs. Sarah B. Charley (nee Hayden). She was born in Hardin county, Ky. Two children have blessed this union : Addie L. and Annie B. Mr. Mauck when a boy learned the trade of miller, and for thirty- five years has been engaged in this business. His flouring mill is located on Indian creek, one-half mile below Corydon, and his farm of eighty acres joins Corydon. He is a public-spirited, progressive citizen, always ready to aid in any laudable enterprise that is for the good of the people and for the building up and development of the county. REV. JOHN MELTON, a local minister of the Methodist Church, was bom in Floyd 176 HARRISON COUNTY county, Ind., February 22, 1835, and is a son of Daniel and Malinda (Bolton) Melton, the former a native of Harrison county, and the latter of Kentucky. The elder Melton entered the army in the late war, died, and was buried at Harper's Ferry. The subject of this sketch was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. After the age of 17 he went to New Albany", and learned the cabinet-maker's trade, which he followed for a number of years. In September, 1858, he entered the ministry, in the United Brethren denomination, for which he labored until in 1870, when he joined the Methodist Church. He was married, in 1855, to Miss Anna Busby, a daughter of John and Catherine Busby. They have twelve children, all of whom are living. He owns 240 acres of excellent land, highly improved and in a fine state of cultivation. His farm is well stocked, and he devotes some attention to raising blooded cattle. His specialty, however, is fruit growing, to which he gives most of his time. He has a fine fruit orchard of 3,500 trees of the best varieties. WILLIAM J. MILES, Sit., was born in Harrison county, June 24, 1S17, and is a son of Joseph Miles, who came from Ken- tucky, but was originally from Maryland. He was raised on a farm and grew up with few educational advantages. When seven- teen years old he engaged to work in black- smith shop of Edward Marsh, who still lives in New Albany. At the age of twenty he married Miss Malinda Arnold, a daughter of George Arnold, Esq., one of the pioneers of Harri- son county, who came from Virginia and settled here about 1806. He was born in 1796, served a number of years as justice of the peace and was one of the first civil officers of the county. His father, Richard Arnold, was also one of the earliest set- tlers, and worked on the first mill built in Harrison county, — the mill built at the Harrison Spring. W. J. Miles, Sr., and Mrs. Miles have eight children, as follows : Nancy E., mar- ried to William Barks ; Anna, George E., Lou Dorcas, Adaline, William J. Miles, Jr. Bebecca J. and Bell. Mr. Miles owns 160 acres of land, well cultivated and well im- proved. He has always carried on black- smithing, and is the inventor of the plow known as the "Captain Plow," used ex- tensively in Harrison, Floyd, Crawford and other counties. His son William manufactures edge- tools in Newton, Kan., known as the "Da- mascus process temper." JOHN W. MORGAN was born in Du- Bois county, Indiana, October 12, 1844, and is the son of William and Margaret (Robertson) Morgan ; the former was also born in DuBois county, June 2, 1822, and the latter a native of Kentucky, and a daughter of Addison and Eliza Robertson. William Morgan served in the late war, enlisted in the Forty-ninth Regiment of Indiana Infantry, and was discharged in September, 1865, his term of service hav- ing expired. He died in 1887, at the age of sixty-five years. John W., the subject of this sketch, was the oldest of eight children. He was raised on the farm and received his education in the common schools of the neighborhood. At the commencement of the war he enlisted in Co. D, Capt. Daily, Fifty-third Indiana SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 177 Infantry, commanded by Col. Walter Q. Gresharn. He was mustered into the ser- vice January 7, 1862, and was discharged February 22, 1865, his term of service hav- ing expired. At the conclusion of the war he located at Elizabeth, Harrison county, and on the 25th of February, 1866, he married Miss Mary Jane Storms, a daughter of Michael and Annetta Storms. She died June 6, 1876, and he married a second time to Miss Milarna Curry, a daughter of Isaiah and Sarah Curry; the former a native of Pennsylvania, emigrated to Indiana and joined the army in 1864, in the Thirty- eighth regiment. He was in the hospital at Goldsborough, N. C, and was discharged in 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan (first marriage) had three children, viz : William D., born November 19, 1S68; Cora, Feb. 16, 1871, and Benj. F., September 28, 1873. By his second marriage Mr. Morgan has had two children — Jasper L., born May 26, 1878, and Mary B., November 23, 1885. Mr. Morgan saw some hard service while in the army. He was at Shiloh ; in the siege of Corinth, and on the skirmish line continually fighting for eleven days, using five hundred cartridges. After the siege he scouted through to Memphis, marched back to Bolivar, then to Holly Springs, then to Germantown, then again to Bolivar — was several times engaged with the enemy; at Tallahatchie fought seven hours — his regiment losing 113 men — captured four pieces of artillery and six hundred men. He was next at Vicksburg, then to Grand Gulf, back to Vicksburg, and there at its fall. From this time on duty constantly until his term of service expired. JAMES NOBLE, Governor of State of Indiana, was bom at Battletown, Va. He emigrated to the frontier when a youth, first settling in Kentucky, and afterward in Indiana. When the State was admitted into the Union he was chosen a United States Senator, and held the position until his death, February 26, 1831, a period of fifteen years. His decease occurred in Washington City. HUGH A. PATTERSON was bom in this (Harrison) county, March 11, 1826, and is a son of Tbomas and Jane (Mc Williams) Patterson ; the former born in Virginia about 1783, died in Harrison county in 1853 — the latter was also a Virginian, and died in this county in 1872. Hugh A., whose name heads this sketch, was the youngest in a family of eleven children. He was reared on a farm and received an excellent educa- tion, the best the schools of his neighbor- hood could afford. He was married Oct. 14, 1849, to Miss Malvina Patterson, a daughter of Alexander and Lydia Patterson, and was born Sept. 1, 1825, and raised in Kentucky. Hugh en- listed Nov. 11, 1861, in Co. D, Fourth Ken- tucky Cavalry, and was discharged Oct. 28, 1862, by reason of disability incurred in the field. His service was hard and severe while in the army. Mr. and Mrs. Patterson have had four children born as follows : Francis E., June 2, 1851 ; Richard T., Dec. 11, 1854, and died on 22d of same month ; Eliza J., Feb. 22, 1856, and James C, Feb. 22, 1859. After the war Mr. Pat- terson returned home to Hardin county, Kentucky, where he farmed until 1866, 178 HARRISON COUNTY when be emigrated to Harrison county, Ind., remaining here about two years, when he moved to Illinois and thence to Nebraska. He remained in that State until 1883, when he removed back to Harrison county and purchased a farm in Webster town- ship, where he has since resided and is set- tled for life. WASHINGTON POOR was born in Gallatin county, Ohio, December 25, 1816, and is the son of George and Catherine (Hoffas) Poor ; the former was a native of North Carolina, and removed to Ohio in an early day. He was a blacksmith by trade, and to this combined farming, which he carried on rather extensively. About 1827 he came to Indiana and settled in Madison county, where he died some years later. Washington Poor remained on his father's farm, and received such education as the neighborhood could boast. In 1838 he was married to Miss Mary Street, by whom he had three children, George, Joseph and Peter, all three of whom en- listed in the army during the late war, and one of whom was killed, and another died of disease contracted while in the service. His wife died, and on the 15th of October, 1852, Mr. Poor married Miss Susan Cap- pick. Her children were as follows : Adam, born December 27, 1857 ; Mary E. born February 2, 1859 ; George W., born August 2, 1860 ; Sarah A., born October 24, 1862 ; and Cyntha E., born September 24, 1864. Adam, Mary E. and George W. died within twenty-four hours of each other, one at 7 o'clock p. m., one the next morning, and the third at 7 o'clock p. m. following, and were all buried in one grave. Mrs. Poor died, and in 1865 Mr. Poor was married for the third time, to Mrs. Mary Harrison, widow of John Harrison, of Harrison county. Mr. Poor removed to Harrison county, then to Pulaski county, Ind., then back to Madison county, and finally to Harrison county, where he now resides in Taylor township, where he has an excellent farm and a pleasant home, and he and his wife dwell together there in peace and quiet, patiently waiting the summons to the "Better Land." He enlisted in the army at the breaking out of the war, in Co. D, Thirty-fourth Infantry, in July, 1861. He was discharged in October following, on account of disability. Th. POSEY, Governor of the Territory of Indiana, was a native of Virginia. He was born not far from Alexandria, on the 9th of July, 1750. In 1774 he was engaged in the expedition originated by Dunmore, the last royal Governor of Virginia, against the Indians, being present at the battle of Point Pleasant. On the outbreak of the Revolution he was engaged on the patriot side, fought against Dunmore, his former commander, and afterward joined Wash- ington's army. He was at the battle of Bemis Heights, as captain under Colonel Morgan, and his men did excellent serivce as sharpshooters in that conflict. In 1779 he was colonel of Eleventh Virginia regiment, and afterward commanded a bat- tery under Gen. Wayne. In 1793 he was appointed brigadier-general of the Army of the Northwest, and, being pleased with the appearance of the new country, settled in Kentucky not long after. In that State he was a member of the State Senate, being the president of that body from November 4, 1805, to November SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 179 3, 1806, and in addition performed the duties of Lieutenant-Governor. He removed to Louisiana in 1812, and was elected to the United States Senate from that State. He was appointed Governor of Indiana in 1813, by President Madison, and served till 1816. He died in Shawneetown, 111., March 19, 1818. WILLIAM H. REEDER, M. D., was born November 4, 1851, and is a native of Har- rison county, Indiana. He is a son of Charles B. and Sarah E. (Gilham) Eeeder, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Harrison county. The elder Reeder came to the county with his pa- rents when he was but a boy ; was a farmer, served quite a time as justice of the peace and died in 1868, at the age of forty-five. Mrs. Reeder's father, Levi Gilham, was a native of Virginia, and settled in Heth township (this county) in an early day. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. Will- iam H. was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the common schools and at Corydon. He taught school seven or eight years, and attended school in the meantime at Lebanon, Ohio; read medi- cine with Dr. Charles Mitchell, and entered the Kentucky School of Medicine in 1876, graduating the next year. He commenced practice at New Amsterdam, in this coun- ty, and in 1884 attended a course at Mi- ami College, at Cincinnati, after which he returned to his practice. He was married in 1876, to Miss Kate Wilson, a daughter of James Wilson, Esq. She died in 1882, leaving two children, one of whom is living — George. In 1883 he married Miss Lucy Dawson, of this county. They have three children, viz : Maud, William and Benja- min. Dr. Reeder is one of the influential citizens of the county, and is an excellent physician with a large practice. DR. WILLIAM READER (deceased), of Corydon, one of the most prominent and successful physicians of his time in South- ern Indiana, was born April 13, 1819, in Harrison county. He was born and reared on the farm, attending the schools of the neighborhood, and subsequently entered the State University, at Bloomington, and graduated with honor from that institution four years afterward. He immediately began the study of medicine under Dr. Mitchell, of Corydon. In 1840 he entered the Louisville University. In 1841 he be- gan the practice of his profession at Livo- nia, Washington county, Indiana. He moved to Grassy Valley, Harrison county, in 1843, and continued successfully in his practice till 1850, meantime returning to Louisville University, where he graduated in his profession, and returned to Grassy Valley in 1859, when he removed to Leav- enworth, Crawford county, and remained but a few months, when he again removed and located at Corydon. In connection with his practice as physician he was also engaged in the drug business, selling that out in 1874, and continued still to practice up to his death, April 10, 1888. He held the office of Pension Examiner for a num- ber of years. He was a prominent mem- ber of the order of Knights of Pythias. He was an active and influential member of the Presbyterian Church. In his disposition he was charitable and liberal to a fault, ever ready to assist the poor and needy. During the war he went to Shiloh, and did hospital service 180 HARRISON COUNTY for some time in taking care of the sick and wounded, and was a man universally liked. He married Miss Catherine, daughter of Wilford Heth, who held the office of County Clerk of Harrison county for fifty years. Mrs. Reader died in 18S5, and was born Septem- ber 17, 1822. Of this marriage there are living two children, Charles H. and Miss Anna E. Eeader. Charles H. and Sarah Applegate were Dr. Reader's parents, born respectively in England and Pennsylvania. Dr. Reader, while living, took an active interest in edu- cational matters, and for many years acted as Trustee of the School Board of the town of Corydon. JOHN REDICK is a native of Louisville, Ky., and was born March 31,1846. He came to Indiana with his parents when only four years old, and located in Harri- son county. His parents were Philip and Mary (Fleshman) Redick, both natives of Germany. He attended the common schools of the county, and, after completing his edu- cation, learned the trade of a cooper. This he followed for eleven years in Harrison county, and in 1870 went to Louisville, where he engaged in the grocery business, and remained there for six years. He then returned to Harrison county, and opened a general store at Lanesville, in which busi- ness he is still engaged, and in which he has been quite successful. He is school trustee of Lanesville, and a member of the Lutheran Church. He was married, in 1 870, to Miss Christina Voelker, of Har- rison county. They have four children, named as follows : Anna C, Julius C, Clara E. and John E. Philip Redick, the father of subject, came to the United States in 1831, and located in Washington, Pa., from whence he came to Jeffersonville, Ind., with his parents, where they died. He was a cooper by trade, and also carried on farming. He died in 1886, at the age of sixty-five years. Mrs. Christina Voel- ker Redick was a daughter of William Voelker, who came from Germany in 1835, and located in Harrison county, where he died in 1870, at the age of fifty-nine years. He was a prominent man and was greatly missed in his neighborhood. GEORGE W. ROBINSON is a native of Kentucky, and was born Dec. 25, 1830. He is a son of William and Sarah (Lyon) Robinson ; the former born in New York in 1774; the latter born in 1764, and died in 1861. The elder Robinson came from Ire- land in an early day. He served in the Indian wars of the times, and was with Gen. Wayne at the battle of Fallen Timber in 1795, which virtually closed the Revolu- tionary war, though it had been declared over a decade before. He died in 1853, full of years and full of honors. He had settled in Kentucky, and in 1834 removed to Harrison county, settling in Boone township. George W., the subject of this sketch, was the youngest of a family of six children. He was brought up on a farm, and received such education as the limited facilities of the county afforded. When the war of the Rebellion commenced he enlisted in Co. K, Fifty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Sept. 23, 1864, and was discharged June 30, 1865. He was with Sherman in his "March to the Sea," and participated in all the hardships as well as the fighting of the wonderful cam- paign. He was at the surrender of Col. Joe Johnston, and participated in the grand SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 181 review at Washington after the war was over. He then turned his arms into agri- cultural implements, and resumed farming. He was married April 17, 1S56, to Miss Elizabeth Thompson, of Harrison county, and a daughter of Benjamin and Maria Thompson ; the former a native of Harrison county, a farmer and an exemplary mem- ber of the Baptist Church; the latter, Maria Brown Thompson, was a daughter of Robert Thompson, who was born on the ocean when his parents were in transitu to America. He settled in Kentucky, but later removed to Harrison county, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Bobinson have had twelve children bom to them, viz : Ann M., Lemuel C, Benjamin T., William W., Ulys- ses G., Henry, Ellendor, Cora S., Mary A., George A., James H. and Edgar B. Ann died Aug. 14, 1858; William W. died Feb. 13, 1864, and Henry died March 28, 1868. Mr. Bobinson has a fruit farm of eighty acres of land, which is in a high state of cultivation, yielding much fine fruit. WILLIAM S. BOGEBS was the fourth in a family of twelve children born to James and Arrenor (Cromwell) Bogers ; the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Harrison county. James Bogers was born in 1802, and was the son of Thomas Bogers, also a native of Virginia. James came West with his parents in an early day, when but a child. But few settlers preceded them, and his father had pick and choice of land, and chose the hill coun- try as best adapted to agricultural pur- suits. James married Arrenor Cromwell, a daughter of Fielding and Sarah Crom- well ; they were from Fennsylvania and were lineal descendants of Oliver Cromwell ("Old Noll"), the "Frotector." Her grand- father, Louis Cromwell, at one time owned a large tract of land where Louisville, Ky., now stands. He donated a lot for a cemetery ; but the conditions having been violated, the ground reverts to the original owner. James Bog- ers died July 11, 1885, at an advanced age. William S., the subject, was born August 30, 1830, was brought up ou his father's farm, and received a common- school education. In September, 1864, he enlisted in Co. G, Fifty-eighth Ind. Vol. Infantry, and was discharged in June, 1 865, at the expiration of his term of serv- ice. He was married October 9, 1855, to Miss Mary Jameson, born May 22, 1839, in Harrison county, and a daughter of Bich- ard and Mary Ann Jameson ; the former born in Pennsylvania about 1791, and died in Harrison county in 1861 ; the latter is still living. To Mr. and Mrs. Bogers were born nine children, as follows : Thomas, April 15, 1857; Sarah, May 2, 1859; Beener, January 11, 1861; Annie, June 26, 1864; Katie, July 30, 1868; Liz- zie, February 18, 1870 ; James, October 12, 1872; Claudia, June 18, 1875; and Clar- ence, October 8, 1878. Katie died April 15, 1869, and James died July 15, 1875. At the close of the war Mr. Bogers re- turned to his farm and has continued farming ever since. He is an energetic man and an exemplary citizen. JOHN SAMPLE is a sample of a good old stock. He was born in Clinton county, Indiana, January 15, 1S43, and is a sou of David and Harriet (Millspaugh) Sam- ple ; the former born in Butler county, 182 HARRISON COUNTY Ohio, whose father was a native of Lon- donderry, Ireland, and came to America in an early day, settling first in Pennsyl- vania, then in Butler county, Ohio, where he resided until his death at a good old age. Harriet Millspaugh Sample was the daugh- ter of Peter and Hyla Millspaugh, and a native of New York. She was the only daughter in a family of twelve children. She educated herself under many difficul- ties for a teacher, and followed teaching un- til her marriage. John Sample, the sub- ject of this sketch, was the youngest of seven children, and was but two years old when his parents died in 1845. He was brought up by his mother's parents. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Co. B, First Ken- tucky Infantry, and at once entered upon active service. He participated in all the battles engaged in by the First Kentucky regiment up to November, 1861, when he was discharged for disability, but in a short time re-enlisted in Co. C, Fiftieth Ohio Infantry. He served in this regiment until his term service expired in September, 1865, hav- ing a part in about all the fighting done by the Fiftieth Regiment, being wounded in the Atlanta campaign. Mr. Sample, during his army life, was captured at the battle of Franklin. He was held a prison- er four weeks, and while a forced march to another prison he broke ranks and made his escape, notwithstanding he was fired at and pursued a considerable distance by a company of Infantry. He secreted himself in hollow stump within the enemy's lines, where he remained four days without food, and until the enemy renewed their march, making it safe for him to leave his hiding place. After many hardships and risks he finally reached Nashville, Tenn., 150 miles from his place of escape in Alabama. He made the above trip on foot and alone. At the close of the war he commenced teaching school. For some time he taught in Ohio, and then went to Illinois, where he continued to direct the "young idea how to shoot." Finally he came to Indiana and settled in Taylor township, Harrison coun- ty. He was married to Miss Maria Craft, a very successful school teacher, a daugh- ter of James and Maria Craft, natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Sample had seven children, five of whom are living. Hyla J., born March 5, 1871, and Hattie J., born March 23, 1S78, are dead. The others were born as follows: Charles S., June 1, 1873; Elmer A., March 13, 1876; John D., June 10, 1S81 ; Nellie N., July 18, 1885, and Gracie M., July 21, 18S8. ISAAC SANDS was born in Boone township, Harrison county, Ind., May 1, 1834, and is the son of Dorsey and Eliza- beth (Mussulman) Sands ; the former was born in Kentucky about the year of 1800, and was a son of William Sands, a native of Ireland, who emigrated to America in an early day. Dorsey Sands was a mill- wright, and also followed farming. He emigrated to Harrison county about 1810, with his parents. Elizabeth Mussul- man Sands was born February 14, 1808, and died June 24, 1888. She was a daugh- ter of Daniel and Christina Mussulman, natives of Pennsylvania. Isaac Sands, the subject of this sketch, was the seventh in a family of fourteen children ; was raised on a farm, receiving such education as the common schools afforded. He married Phila A. Dewees, November 14, 1852, a daughter of John and Sarah Dewees, natives of Kentucky ; their par- ents were natives of Virginia. Mr. and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 183 Mrs. Sands have had eleven children, as follows: Martha A., June 2, 1853; Sarah E., September 8, 1855 (died August 26, 1857); Daniel W., October 7, 1857; Mary E., February 13, 1S59 (died March 6, 1859) ; Rachel J., August 20, 1861 ; Georgie E., March 1, 1865 ; Ida A., November 23, 1866 ; William H., March 24, 1868 (died November 25, 1871) ; Charles F., March 5, 1870; Elnora B., February 9, 1872; and John D., October 20, 1874. Mr. Sands enlisted August 20, 1862, in Co. F, Eighty-first Indiana Vol. Infantry, and was discharged June 13, 1865, the war having closed. Becoming disabled he was sent to the hospital for several montbs, and never was in active service afterward. Mr. Sands is a lineal descendant of Rev. Edwin Sandys, one of tbe translators of the Bible from the Greek, and, in acknowledg- ment of the service, was made Archbishop of York. Declining to support the Church of England, he came to America in 1636, and his estate was confiscated to the En- glish Crown. A few years ago, however, it was, by special act of Parliament, deeded back to the legal representatives of the Archbishop, and is to-day worth some $75,000,000. The corruption of the name Sandys to Sands, caused considerable delay in trac- ing lineage ; but this has been corrected and the whole is now in a fair way for adjustment and recovery. Mr. Sands, after the war was over, returned to Harri- son county, and took up the old farm life. DAVID SHAFFER was born in Harrison county, Ind., February 27, 1851, and is a son of John and Rebecca (Pitman) Shaf- fer ; the former born in Crawford county, and the latter in Harrison county. David, the subject was reared a farmer, and re- ceived a limited education. He was mar- ried in November, 1872, to Miss Mary E. Davis, a daughter of Samuel B. and Mary (Breedon) Davis, both natives of Harrison county. Mary Davis Shaffer was born in October, 1851. She is the mother of seven children, viz : Floyd, Charles E., John P., Daniel 0., Ona B., Samuel J. and Cordie E. Mr. Shaffer owns 240 acres of fine land, well improved and in an excellent state of culti- vation. He devotes considerable time and attention to raising fine stock, horses, cattle, sheep and hogs. Mr. Shaffer is a mem- ber of Corydon Lodge of Odd Fellows. GEORGE K. SHERMAN was born in Shenandoah county, Va., Sept. 15, 1820, and is the son of Jacob and Margaret (Boyer) Sherman, natives of Virginia. They came to Indiana in 1824, and set- tled in Harrison county, where the remain- der of their lives were passed. The former died in 1846 at the age of fifty-three years, and the latter in 1863 at the age of sixty- seven years. They had a family of five children, viz : Eliza Ann, Mary Ann, Re- becca, Jacob and the subject of this sketch. Eliza Ann married Robert Barr, of Capon Springs, Va. She now lives in Missouri. Her husband died in 1885; Mary Ann married Robert Gwartney. He died and she married John Simler, a farmer of this county, and who has represented this county one term in the Legislature ; she died in 1880. Rebecca married George McCarty, a farmer of this county, he died in 1875 ; Jacob married Martha, a daugh- ter of Reverend Jacob Lopp in 1847, and 184 HARRISON COUNTY died in 18S0, and bis wife died some time later in 1884, leaving seven children. George K., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm and received a common- school education. He has engaged in several pursuits, but principally farming and milling, merchandizing and trading on the river to New Orleans and inter- mediate towns. He and his brother would buy up produce, load boats and take them to New Orleans. He was in partnership a part of the time with his brother Jacob. In 1863, when the Confederate General, Morgan, crossed the Ohio river into Indi- ana, he landed on the land of Mr. Sherman and his brother, at the mouth of Buck creek. About 300 of his cavalry stopped with Mr. Sherman, got provisions and fed their horses, and when they left took a mule and a horse belonging to Mr. Sher- man in payment of what they had received. This was perhaps a prophetic knowledge of what Mr. Sherman's namesake would do in his "March to the Sea," and was partly in requital. Mr. Sherman is one of the old and re- spectable citizens of Harrison county, and prides in his descent from an old Virginia family. He is popular and well liked among his neighbors. He is an Odd Fel- low, and a member of the M. E. Church. Charitable as he has been prosperous, he is a liberal contributor to the poor and needy and to the church. JAMES W. SHIGLEY, of Scott town- ship, Harrison county, was born near Lowell, Ohio, on the 25th of March, 1845, and is a son of Enoch and Catherine (Shaf- fer) Shigley, natives of Virginia. The for- mer moved to Crawford county, Ind., in 1854, and located five miles from Leaven- worth. Both he and his wife are of Ger- man descent. James W. was reared principally in Crawford county, and received such educa- tion as the schools afforded. In 1863 he joined an independent company known as Charles Lamb's Mounted Scouts. This organization remained out nine months, and was mustered out in 1864. He then returned to the farm, and in 1881 came to Scott township, this county. He owns 240 acres of good land, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation. He was married in 1864 to Miss Lydia Botbrock, born in Crawford county, Ind., and a daughter of H. P. Eothrock, Esq., a native of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Shigley have eight children, viz : Eosa MarshaU, Clara I., Edward C, Alva D., James 0., Julis C, Bertha M. and Ethel May. JAMES I. SIBEBT was born in Crawford county, Indiana, July 20, 1843, and is a son of Hiram J. and Harriet A. (Miller) Sibert; the former a native of Virginia, came to Indiana in an early day with his parents, and settled in Crawford county, near the Wyandotte Cave ; the latter was born in Tennessee, but came to Indiana, with her father's family, when quite small. James I., the subject, was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in the Federal army, in Co. E, Eighty-first Begi- ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and on the 13th day of June, 1865, he was dis- charged at Camp Harker, Tenn., his term of service having expired. He participated in the following battles : Stone Biver, Chick- amauga, Besacca and Kenesaw Mountain. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 185 He was wounded at Chickarnauga and also at Kenesaw Mountain. After the war was over he returned to his plow, and in No- vember following his discharge from the army he was married to Miss Laura Mc- Cullum, a daughter of James and Abigail (Sharpe) McCullum, natives of Tennessee. Tbey removed to Kentucky, and later they came to Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Sibert have had seven children, as follows : Henry W., Willis I., Mary A., Joseph 0., Charles H., Ida E. and William J. Mr. Sibert owns 117 acres of good land in Scott town- ship, and is an enterprising farmer. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and votes the Republican ticket. JOHN SIMLER was born November 29, 1812, in this (Harrison) county, on the old Charlestown road, six miles northeast of Corydon. He is a son of John and Susana (Winter) Simler ; the former a native of Pennsylvania, who emigrated to Indiana in 1809 and settled in Franklin township, where he died in 18-16 ; the latter a daugh- ter of Christopher Winter, also a native of Pennsylvania, and an early settler in this county, and who died in 184-1. John, the subject, was one of a family of eight chil- dren, and was brought up on a farm, and received the meager education to be ob- tained in that day in the country schools. He was married, in 1836, to Miss Isabel Stephenson, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Stephenson, natives of Virginia. They have had born to them twelve chil- dren, four boys and eight girls — all of whom are living. They are as follows : Elizabeth, Mary Ann, John J., James S., Elmira, Sarah, Emily, David A. (at home), Clara, Seth W., Atlanta and Laura M. Mr. Simler served one term in the State Legislature, being the first native-born citi- zen to represent Harrison county. The Constitutional Convention was in session at the time, which brought him in contact with many prominent men throughout the State. He is a member of Mauckport Ma- sonic Lodge, and is at present a justice of the peace. He and his family are members of the Methodist Church. He received a paralytic stroke some years ago, which has confined him at home. He has always af- filiated with the Democratic party, and cast his first Presidential vote for Van Buren in 1836. He owns 400 acres of ex- cellent land, of which he has fifteen acres in fine fruit. JAMES S. SIMLER was born April 3, 1843, in this county, and is a son of Isa- bel and John (Stephenson) Simler, also na- tives of this county. He was reared on the farm and educated in the common schools. In September, 1862, he enlisted in the Thirty-fourth Kentucky Infantry, remain- ing in the service until the close of the war. His regiment was on reserve duty a good deal, and he participated in no severe bat- tles, but was in a number of skirmishes. He was sick for sixteen months and con- tracted rheumatism, from which he is still a sufferer. After Ms return home he re- ceived a paralytic stroke, which made him a cripple. He is a member of the W. T. Jones Post, G. A. R., at New Amsterdam. He was mar- ried October 6, 1866, to Martha J. Burrows, born in October, 1851, a daughter of Solo- mon Burrows, a native of Pennsylvania, a shoemaker by trade and a soldier in the late war. They have two children : Stella 186 HARRISON COUNTY May, born May 13, 1873, and John S., born February 28, 1877; two others died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Simler are members of the Methodist Church. Mr. Simler owns 87 acres of land, about twenty of which are in fruit, mostly apples, comprising the finest varieties. ALYIN E. SMITH, M. D., was born in this county (Harrison), February 22, 1862, and is a son of Samuel S. and Anna (Go- chenour) Smith, natives of Harrison coun- ty and Virginia. His grandfather, Thomas Smith, came from Westmoreland comity, Virginia, to this county, in 1807, and lo- cated in the southern part of what is now Harrison township. The subject, Alviu E., was reared on his father's farm, educated in this county, and read medicine with Dr. John E. Lawson, of Corydon. He entered the Kentucky School of Medicine, at Louis- ville, in 1882, from which he graduated two years later. He commenced j)ractiee at Mauckport, in this county, and has'won a good practice. He is a Democrat in pol- ities, and an Odd Fellow, and a trustee of the lodge at Mauckport. He was nominated by his political friends, the Democrats, for Circuit Clerk of the county, in the fall of 18S8, and after a bitter contest and hard fight he was elect- ed. He assumed the duties of the office immediately after the election. CHARLES W. SMITH was born in Butler county, Pa., March 7, 1811, and is a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Cunning- ham) Smith, the former a native of Ireland. He emigrated to America and settled in Cumberland county, Pa., where he married. Believing in Horace Greeley's advice to go West, he came to Indiana, aad after wan- dering around for a time, settled in Harri- son county, which was then almost a wil- derness. Here the remainder of his life was spent. Charles W. was reared on his father's farm and received such education as was to be obtained in the country schools. January 29, 1839, he was mar- ried to Miss Lavina Zenor, a daughter of John W. Zenor, who was born in 1793, and married to Mary Mcintosh. He was a man of considerable prominence, and rep- resented Harrison county several times in the legislature. He was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1850 ; died May 23, 1860. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have had three children, viz : John Thomas, Mary Elizabeth and Eliza M. John T. re- ceived a collegiate education, and served as assistant superintendent of schools, un- der Superintendent Bloss, of Indianapolis. He secured a position as postal clerk under President Garfield, from which he was pro- moted to clerkship in the Adjutant Gener- al's office at Washington City, where he still is engaged. After giving his children each a good education, and also a good farm to start them in life, Mr. Smith still has sufficient of the world's goods to make him and his good wife comfortable the re- mainder of their days. They are exem- plary members of the Presbyterian Church, and have 'been for many years. CAPT. WILLIAM SONNER was bom in Shenandoah county, Va., in 1798 ; he came to this county with his father, Philip P. Sonner, who was also a Virginian by SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 187 birth, in 1817, settling in the Ripperdan Valley, Washington township. Prominently among the early families who settled in that locality about the same time, might be mentioned the Lopps, Franks, Flesbmans, who settled in 1S05; John Eipperdan, who who came in 1807; the Mancks, who were among the settlers of Mauckport, and the Applegates, who settled 1807. In 1825, William Sonner bought the farm he now lives on, and has continuously lived there ever since, and is now in his ninety-first year. He was married September 16, 1824, to Miss Mary, daughter of John Eipperdan, Kentuckian by birth. He has reared a family of eight children. In the early history of the State he served as Captain in the State Militia, subsequently served as Major and Quartermaster of the regiment, and was conspicuous as an officer until the regiment was disbanded. JOHN P. SONNEE was born in Harrison county, Jan. 17, 1829, and is a son of William and Mary (Eipperdan) Sonner; the former was a native of Virginia, born in the Shenandoah valley near where Sheridan made his famous ride.' The Eipperdans were from Kentucky, and were of German origin. William Sonner came to Indiana in 1817, and settled in the Eipperdan Valley, where the family has since lived. John Eipperdan, grandfather of John P. Sonner, died in 184-1, and his wife in 1861. John P., the subject of this sketch, was brought up on a farm and edu- cated at the State University, at Blooming- ton, but failed to graduate on account of ill health. In 1861 he married Sarah Faith, daugh- ter of Jacob Faith, who is still living near Mauckport. He was a Kentuckian by birtb, and emigrated to Indiana about 1824. He has two brothers living near him : Thomas, aged 83 years, and Abram, 81 years, and he himself, 79 years. Mr. and Mrs. Sonner have had bom to them ten children, viz: Homer, Medora, Mary A., Bertram (deceased), Horace (died in infancy), John P., Claudia E., William H. (deceased), Sarah E. and Jacob T., the youngest. Medora is the wife of Amos Lemon, clerk of the court. Mr. Sonner has been township trustee two years ; town- ship assessor two years; justice of the peace three terms, serving his third term now, and has been clerk of the Indiana Legislature two sessions, 1853-55. He and his family are members of the Method- ist church, and in politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He was a candidate for the Legislature in 1856, against John Lemon, Sr., and was only defeated by 101 votes, running ahead of the State ticket. He was nominated in 1868 for clerk of the court, but declined the race three weeks before the election. His vocation in life, aside from the offices he has held, has been school-teaching ; ami he ranks as one of the best teachers of his day, and one of the best-educated men in the township. JAMES W. STALLINGS was bom on a farm in Webster township, Harrison coun- ty, Indiana, October 30, 1832, and is the son of William and Nancy R. (Rogers) Stallings ; the former born in Butler county, Kentucky, January 21, 1782, and the lat- ter in Virginia, December 30, 1791. Will- iam Stalhngs was the son of Samuel and Sarah Stallings. He was a farmer, re- 188 HARRISON COUNTY moved to Harrison county, Indiana, and died October 22, 1868. His wife, Nancy Rogers Stalliugs, was a daughter of Thomas and Sarah Rogers, and died November 2G, 1875. To them were born thirteen chil- dren, of whom James W. was the youngest but one. He (James W., the subject) was brought up on the farm and educated in the common schools. He was married to Eleanor Wright, August 30, 1855, a daugh- ter of William and Melinda Wright, and was born August 31, 1838. They had two children, Woodford J., born June 29, 1856; John E., February 25, 1858, and died November 2, 1884. Mrs. Stallings died May 22, 1860, and October 17, 1861, Mr. Stallings married Alizan Abel, daugh- ter of Peter and Mary Abel, natives of Harrison county. To them were born seven children, viz: Lizzie, July 30, 1862; Ulysses G., May 1, 1865; James P., De- cember 7, 1868; Charles, July 11, 1871; Frank 0., June 9, 1876; Minnie A., De- cember 19, 1878, and Lavina E., Ajn-il 17, 1880. Mr. Stallings enlisted September 23, 1864, in Co. G, Fifty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged June 25, 1865, by expiration of his term of service. After the war was over he returned to his home and resumed his farm duties. He now lives on the old homestead, entered by his father, and in fact lives in the house in which he was born. All of bis children but two were born in the same house. He owns 160 acres of land and is a prosperous farmer. He is a local minister of the M. E. Church, of which he has been a member for many years. WILFORD STEPHENS was born in Boone township, Harrison county, Ind., Sept. 21, 1831, and is a son of Alfred Stephens, and a grandson of Nathaniel Stephens. The latter was a soldier in the War of 1812, serving all through it and taking part in most of its battles. His wife was Elizabeth Fitzgerald. They had but one child Alfred Stephens. The latter was reared on a farm and received but the limited educational facilities of that time. He became a steamboat pilot, and followed it for a number of years. He married Elizabeth Stephens, a daughter of John and Stacy (Tull) Stephens. To them were born ten children, of whom Wilford, the subject of this sketch, was the third. He was brought up on the farm and educated in the common schools. He married Miss Elizabeth Crosier, May 14, 1856. She was born Oct. 2, 1833, and is the daughter of Adam and Sarah Crosier, natives of New York, but who settled in Indiana (Harrison county) in 1816. Mr. and Mrs. Stephens have had seven children, viz : Kate, born Feb. 27, 1858; Belle, June 7, I860'; Ann Eliza, Oct. 21, 1862; Edna, April 13, 1865; Alfred, Nov. 27, 1867; Adam, March 2, 1870; Mary, Dec. 25, 1872. Mary died Aug. 16, 1885, and Adam died Aug. 26, 1885. Mr. Stephens enlisted in Co. E., 144th Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war, receiving his discharge Aug. 15, 1865. After leaving the army he returned home and engaged in saw-milling, and in other timber enterprises with considerable success for ten years, when he disposed of his saw- mill and all of his land except forty acres. On this he now lives, having comparatively retired from active business pursuits. WILLIAM H. H. STEPP was born in But- ler county, Pa., November 27, 1835, and is SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 189 a son of Michael and Catherine (Heckhart) Stepp, the former born in Northumberland county, Pa., in 1797; the latter was also born in 1797. The elder Stepp was brought up on a farm and received but a limited education. To them were born thirteen children. About 1S37 they emigrated to Missouri, remaining there until 1838, when they returned to their old Pennsylvania, home. He died in 1877 ; she died in 1882. The subject of this sketch, William H. H. Stepp, was reared on a farm and was fairly educated. He was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, and became a skillful workman. At the commencement of the war, at the President's first call for troops, he enlisted April 20, 1861. He served for three months in Thirteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, and was discharged, his term hav- ing expired. September 11, 18G1, he re-en- listed in Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Vol- unteer Infantry, and served until the close of the war. He was discharged a First Sergeant, to accept the appoint- ment of Second Lieutenant, March 11, 1805, of Co. B. He was promoted to First Lieutenant August 6, 1865. And finally discharged September 11, 1865. During his service he participated in the following general battles and skirmishes : Neal's Bend, Hoover's Gap, Lavergne, Stone River, Tulla- homa, Dug Gap, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Buzzard Roost, Dalton, Resacca, Burnt Hickory, Picket's Mills, Altoona, Pulaski, Florence, Kenesaw Mountain, beside numer- ous skirmishes. At the conclusion of the war he returned to Butler county, Pa., followed bis trade of carpenter until 1870, when he came West and settled in Harrison county, Ind. The same year he married Miss Lydia A. Lamb, a daughter of John and Martha Lamb, who was born in Harrison county. They have had seven children, six of whom are still living, viz : Mary C, Clara E., Altha A., Jessie J., Julia E., Winnie Z. and John C. Mary C. died May 27, 1877. He has carried on his trade of carpenter- ing, and followed farming also, and between the two has accumulated considerable pro- perty. He is generous, hospitable and benevolent, and never took a drink of whisky or smoked a cigar or tasted tobacco in his life. STROTHER M. STOCKSLAGER was brought up a "farmer's boy," and, as his name indicates, is of German origin. He was born on the banks of the Ohio river, Mauckport, Harrison county, Ind., May 7, 1842. He received his primary education in the common schools of his native county, and was a teacher at seventeen years of age. He finished his education in the Corydon Seminary and the State University, at Bloomington. He enlisted in the Federal army as a private, and was mustered out a Captain in the Thirteenth Regiment Indiana Cavalry. After the war he studied law and was ad- mitted to the bar. Upon the recommendation of Congress- man M. C. Kerr, President Johnson ap- pointed him Assessor of Internal Revenue for his District. In 1871 he commenced the practice of law in Corydon, Ind., and continued at it until September, 18S5. He is regarded as one of the best lawyers in Southern Indi- ana. In 1874 he was elected to the State Sen- ate, and served on Judiciary Committee, taking high rank as a clear-headed legis- lator. In 1880 he was elected a Represen- tative to the Forty seventh Congress and 190 HARRISON COUNTY re-elected to the Forty-eighth Congress in 1882. He was made Chairman of the Com- mittee of Public Grounds, and was on the Committee on Pensions, also. In Congress he was regarded as a man of ability and as indefatigable worker. At the close of Mr. Stocks! ager's term in Congress, the Indiana Congressional Dele- gation, together with Vice-President Hen- dricks and ex-Senator McDonald, united in presenting his name to the President for Commissioner of the General Land Office. After the appointment of General Sparks to that office, he was appointed Assistant Commissioner, which position he held until his recent promotion to that of Commis- sioner. His appointment is generally des- ignated as the "right man in the right place." Since his appointment, he has in- stituted some important reforms in the methods of transacting business in his over- burdened bureau. His energies have been untiringly devoted to the protection of set- tlers and home-seekers on the public lands of the United States, and against land grabbers, cattle syndicates and corporations. Although his term in this position will be brief, his services there will be worthy of favorable comparison with those of his illustrious predecessors from Indiana — Whitcomb and Hendricks. In politics, Captain Stockslager has al- ways been a straight-out Democrat of the Jefferson type. On July 10, 1873, he was married to Miss Kate M. Miller, daughter of G. W. Miller, of Corydon. JAMES E. TABLER is a native of this county (Harrison), and was born February 15, 1834. He is a son of John and Patsey ( Jones)Tabler, and was brought up on a farm, attended the public school, and remained on. the farm until 1S64-, when he went to Illinois, and spent four years in Livingston and Coles counties, farming. He then came back to Harrison county and en- gaged in stock trading for two years. He then worked on a farm, then engaged in butchering in Corydon, and in the spring of 1878 engaged in hotel and whisky busi- ness. In 1880 bought the hotel building now kept by P. A. Eurton, but the building was burned in 1883, and he rebuilt it. He now owns it and the livery stable and saloon adjoining it. Mr. Shuck has the livery stable rented. Mr. Tabler owns the two-story frame house now occupied by Huseman and others ; also a saloon in Leavenworth. He was married in October, 1801, to Miss Harriet Lilly, the daughter of Richard Lilly, Esq., of this county. The parents of Mr. Table? came to Harri- son county in 1813, when it was a wilder- ness. They fought the wolves and bears, hunted dear and wild turkeys. His father died in 1882, aged 92 years; his mother died in 1855. Mr. Tabler is a member of the Knights of Honor. CHARLES W. THOMAS, County Super- intendent of Schools of Harrison county, was born near Lanesville (this county), May, 27, 1854, and is a son of John A. and Elizabeth Harriet Thomas, born in Harrison county, and were among the pioneers. Both of his (subject's) grand- fathers settled in the county about 1800 — paternal grandfather came from North Carolina and was of English descent ; ma- ternal grandfather came from Pennsylvania and was of German origin. John A. Thomas, the father of subject, was one of the pioneer school-teachers of SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 191 Harrison county, and taught many terms in the county when it contained the State capital. The subject was reared on the farm, and received his education in the common schools. He attended Marengo Academy, and subsequently went to Lebanon, Ohio, and then to Valparaiso, Ind., from which he graduated in 1880, having taken a classi- cal course. He was elected County Superintendent of Schools of Harrison county in 1S84, and discharged the duties of the office with sig- nal ability. He is one of the editors of the Harrison County Democrat, founded by D. J. Murr in 1886, and is an able and in- fluential paper. Mr. Thomas is a promi- nent member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow fraternities. GEORGE W. THOMPSON was born in Harrison county, September 9, 1842, and is a son of Nathaniel W. and Elizabeth (Windell) Thompson ; the former a native of this county, and the latter of Virginia. The elder Thompson was a son of Henry Thompson, a native of Virginia; born about 1780; moved to Indiana and settled in this county, and died in 1830. He married Sarah Moreland, who was born in Virginia, and died in Harrison county in 1859. Nathaniel Thompson was raised on a farm, and was also a millwright. He built a number of mills in this and adjoin- ing counties. He died in September, 1877. To him and his wife, Elizabeth Windell Thompson, were born ten children, of whom George, the subject, was the eldest. He was brought up as a farmer and received a good practical education. He was mar- ried December 29, 1868, to Miss Mary F. Howsley, a daughter of William Howsley, a native of Nashville Tenn., and born in 1822. His wife was Margaret Taylor. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have had nine children, namely: Robert E., born October 4, 1869 (died July 16, 1870) ; Maggie L., born November 17, 1870; William F., born July 3, 1873 ; Alma K., born February 26, 1875; Mary E., bom July 17, 1877; Nathaniel E., born January 21, 1881 ; Minnie R., born December 31, 1S83; George W., born November 1, 1885, and Venus A., born February 14, 1888. Mr. Thompson enlisted in Co. H, Fourth Indiana Cavalry, July 3, 1862, and was discharged July 9, 1865, his term of serv- ice having expired. Participating in all the hard service of his regiment, after the war was over he returned home and en- gaged in teaching, which he followed for twenty-one years. He also earned on farming and did odd jobs at carpentering. He is a member of the Methodist Church. Resides on his farm in Boone township, and is an exemplary citizen. WM. NEAL TRACEWELL was born in Wood county, W. Va., February 18, 1827, and is a son of Edward and Terese (Neal) Tracewell, natives of Culpepper county, Va., and of Maryland. Grandfather was a native of England, and a minister of the Church of England, came to this country about 1784 and located in Culpepper county, as above. The Neals are also English. Wm. Neal, the subject, was reared and educated in Wood county until twenty years of age, and finished off his education at Asbury Academy, at Parkers- burg. On leaving school, he went to Front Royal, Va., to read law. He was married 192 HARRISON COUNTY in 1S48 to Miss Louisa Brown, a native of Warren county, Va. He remained there as a clerk until 1853, when he came to Corydon, and shortly after was admitted to the bar. He is now the oldest member of the bar of Corydon. His son, Eobert J., is at the head of the Corydon bar, and a partner with his father. He was born in Virginia, in 1852, received a liberal educa- tion, graduating from Hanover College, and admitted to the bar in 1875, and has risen rapidly in his profession by a close application to study and to his duties. JAMES TROTTER, Harrison county, was born in Ireland, January 1, 1812, and is a son of Hamilton and Nancy (Stringer) Trotter, natives of the "Green Isle." The elder Trotter came to America, landing in Baltimore in 1816, and came here in 1826, settling in Heth township. He was a man of intelligence, well edu- cated, a Presbyterian, and died in 1844. James, the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, and received a good practical education. Since his manhood, about 1830, has followed flatboating to New Orleans. He built several boats and loaded them, taking them safely* down to the Southern country. During the war he, of course, had to cease the business, but in 1866 he began again. He has, perhaps, done as much flatboating as any man in the State, taking out, usually, three or four boats a year; but has done nothing in that line since 18S7. He was married in 1838, to Miss Lydia Fleshman, a native of this county, and a daughter of Jonas Fleshman, who settled here about 1808, and has farmed all his life. Mr. and Mrs. Trotter have four children living, viz : John M., Sarah Ann, Hugh A. and Molly Jane. Mr. Trotter owns 243 acres of land, well improved, and is a prosperous business man. He is a member of the United Brethren Church. JOHN W. VIERS was born in Hardin county, Ky., April 17, 1835, and is a son of William T. and Sarah (Dowdall) Viers. The former was a son of Nathan Viers, a native of Maryland, born March 24, 1774 ; the latter was a daughter of William and Mary Dowdall, natives of Maryland. John W., the subject of this sketch, was the eldest of nine children, and was reared on the farm, receiving a common-school edu- cation. He enlisted September 5, 1863, in Co. K, Ninety-first Regiment of Indiana Volunteers, and was discharged March 23, 1864, by reason of expiration of his term of service. He returned home and resumed his farming, which he follows at this time. JOHN WALTERS, Sr., Harrison county, was born in Beren, Paltz-Londow, within eighteen miles of the French line, February 28, 1817, and is a son of Jacob and Mar- garet (Conrad) Walters, natives of Ger- many. Father came to the United States in 1834, and located in this county. He served eleven years in the army of Na- poleon Bonaparte before coming to this country — operating in Russia, Spain and France. The subject of this sketch, John Walters, is a plain and unostentatious farmer, and has lived in this county many years. In 1S39, he was married to Miss Catherine Kiefer, a native of New Orleans. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 193 They have twelve children living and three dead. He owns 120 acres of land, well im- proved and in a fine state of cultivation. He is a member of the Lutheran Church, and is an upright and honorable citizen. WILFORD N. WATKINS, a prominent farmer of Washington township, was born in 1829, in Scott county, Mo., and moved to Harrison county, Ind., with his parents, in 1834. His father, Stephen, was a car- penter by trade, and his paternal grand- father, James Watkins, was a native of Virginia, who left that State in about 1819, coming to Shepherdsville, Ky., where he remained but a short time, when he settled in Harrison county and here continued to reside till his death in 1847. The mother of our subject was Eliza Donally, a native of Mississippi, whose family were of Welsh origin. Mr. Watkins was the third son born to this union ; his two brothers older were William and John, who are both dead, and two sisters, whose nameswere respect- ively Eliza J. and Martha, who are also dead. W. H. Watkins was married in 1852, to Miss Anna Eliza McCray, a lady of supe- rior worth and a daughter of Wheeler G. McCray, a native of Vermont, and a promi- nent and early settler in Floyd county. To this marriage have been born four chil- dren : Dr. Edward E., of Jeffersonville, Ind., and Frank. The other two, George and William, are dead. In 1862 Mr. Watkins joined the Twelfth Indiana Battery, as a private soldier; he was in the hard-fought battle of Pittsburg Landing, and many others. He remained with his regiment about two years, when he was discharged for disability. After enlisting he soon became senior lieutenant of his company, and virtually had charge of the same until he was discharged in 1804. He returned to Indiana and located at Jeffersonville, and for a short time was engaged in steamboating, when, in 1860, he removed to his beautiful farm in Washing- ton township, where he has since been ex- tensively engaged in the fruit and stock raising business. There are sixty acres of his 200 acres in an apple orchard, and one of the finest in the county. He is a staunch Republican in politics, member of the Christian Church, and one of the lead- ing farmers of Harrison county. CHARLES H.WILLIAR was born April 13, 1S33, and is a son of Nathan and Sarah (Kinzer) Williar, natives of Maryland. The former was born May 6, 1792, and was of German and French origin ; the latter was a daughter of John Kinzer, who died in Frederick county, Md. The elder Will- iar (Nathan) was a farmer, and meagerly educated, as educational facilities at that day were limited, though he could speak both German and English fluently. He was married to Sarah Kinzer in 1821, and in 1824 emigrated to the West, and settled in Harrison county, Ind., where he died in 1846. His widow survived him a quarter of a century, and died in 1871. Charles H., the subject of this sketch, was the fourth in a family of five children, and was born on the farm where he now lives, and which he now owns. In 1 862 he enlisted in Co. M, Third, Indiana Cavalry, and was discharged April 27, 1865, by expiration of his term of service. At the close of the war he re- turned home and resumed farming. He 194 H/.RRISON COUNTY was married to Miss Lucy Benthy, in 1870, a native of Harrison county, and was born December 8, 1840, and died November 23, 1883. She was a daughter of George and Rebecca Benthy ; the for- mer was a man of considerable prominence, having served acceptably as Circuit Judge, and also as representative of Harrison county, in the lower house of the Legis- lature. His wife, Rebecca, was a. daughter of Ignatius and Kitty Able, of Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Williar had three children, viz: Walter K., born March 21, 1872; Harry A., born September 6, 1876; and Althea L., born October 28, 1879. Mr. Williar is a man highly esteemed in his neighborhood, and is a prosperous farmer and an estimable citizen. JOHN L. WOLFORD was bom at Lanesville, Harrison county, July 23, 1S47, and is a son of John Wolford, who was a prominent merchant and business man of Lanesville for more than forty years. He died in 1885, leaving two children, John L, and Mrs. John J. Schulten, of Louisville, Ky. The subject of this sketch was brought up in Lanesville, and was educated in the Catholic school of the town, and graduated from the Notre Dame Commercial College in 1867. After leaving school he was engaged for two years in the Auditor's office at Corydon as a clerk, and then began merchandizing at Lanesville, which business he still fol- lows, and in which he has been very successful.' He was appointed Postmaster of Lanes- ville in 1879 under Postmaster-General Key. He was married in 1877 to Miss Katie Endris, of Lanesville ; they have three chil- dren living — two boys and one girl, viz : Gertie, John J., and Frank. By close attention to business Mr. Wolford has worked up an excellent trade, and become one of the prosperous men of the town. He is a man of sterling honesty, and a member of the Catholic church. JAMES WOODWARD one of the promi- nent men and influential citizens of Harri- son county, was born in Marion county, Ky., on the 20th of September, 1834, and is a son of William and Julia (Dyer) Wood- ward, the former a native of Virginia, and the latter of Maryland. The elder Wood- ward came to Harrison county in 1845, and settled in Washington township; he was a shoemaker by trade. James, the subject, was brought up on the farm, and received a common-school education. At the age of 19 he commenced flatboating to New Orleans, carrying produce and trading all through the Southi For thirty- five years he followed this trade, doing $50,000 of business in the South. Since the war he has followed trading and farm- ing. In 1855 he was married to Miss Rebecca Cunningham, a native of Harrison county, and a daughter of James Cunning- ham, who was born in Kentucky. She died in 1881, leaving two children surviv- ing her — James and Nannie, wife of Geo. W. Windell, Jr. In 1883 Mr. Woodward was married to Mrs. Mollie Bennett, of this county. He was elected auditor of Harrison county in 18S6, over Charles W. Cole, by 196 majority. He is a member of the K. of P. and of the Knights of Honor. He SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 195 owns an excellent farm of 300 acres of land, also owns another tract of 70 acres. Mr. Woodward is well known among Southern merchants, with whom for many years he has been brought in frequent con- tact, and some of his most substantial friends are among that class of people. As a man and citizen at home, where he is still better known, he is well liked. Unselfish to a fault, liberal in his opinions, affable and courteous in manner, and is one of the few men in politics who is popular with Republican and Democrat alike. GEORGE R. WRIGHT was bora in Phil- adelphia in July, 1818, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Hall) Wright, the former a native of Massachusetts and the latter of Philadelphia. The elder Wright's father was among the very first Revolution- ary heroes, and participated in the battles of Lexington and Bunker Hill. The fam- ily is of English origin, and, according to tradition, came over in the "Mayflower." Elizabeth Hall Wright's father was a Revolutionary soldier, and was under Washington at Germantown and Phila- delphia. After the war was over he settled near the tree under which William Penn made his treaty with the Indians. George, the subject, was born, reared ami educated in Philadelphia. He is the second in a family of eight children, all of whom are living. His father was a steam- boat builder, and came to Jeffersonville, Ind., in 1814, and built some of the first steamboats built at the Falls of the Ohio. He was one of the number who repaired Commodore Perry's boat after his famous victory on Lake Erie. He settled in New Albany, Floyd county, Ind., in 1844. He came to Harrison county in 1868, and set- tled on the river, near Bridgeport. He was married in 1846 to Miss Mary Jones, a native of Kentucky, of the same family of Aquilla Jones, of Indianapolis. They have eight children living. Mr. Wright has belonged to the order of Odd Fellows forty years, at New Albany. ALONZO WRIGHT, farmer, Washing- ton township. He was born on the farm he now resides on in 1849. His father, Joel Wright, was a native of Kentucky, and an early settler in the county. His pater- nal grandfather, Jonathan Wright, settled in the county, and was also born in Ken- tucky. His maternal grandfather, Richard McMahon, came to Harrison county in 1806, and at that time there were very few white families in the county. He settled on Indian creek ; was a Lieutenant in the War of '12, and killed in the battle of Tip- pecanoe. Joel and Rosanah H. Wright had born to them eleven children : Martha, Pheba Matilda, E. J., Harriet A., Sarah E., Wm. M., Anna H. and Joel W., who are all dead. Richard H., Sarah and Alonzo are the only surviving children. Joel died in Dec, 1864, at 80 years of age. Al- onzo Wright is a thrifty farmer of Harrison county, and was married in October, 1S75, to Miss Mary, daughter of Thomas Bal- lard. They have five children, of whom four are living: William, born August 11, 1876; Edith, August 4, 1878; Rosa F., November 15, 1880; Charles R., May 16, 1883, and died February 18, 1888. Mr. Wright is a member of M. E. Church at Wesley Chapel, and has a farm of 100 acres, located one-half mile south of Valley City. 196 HARRISON COUNTY MRS. ROSANAH H. WRIGHT (de- ceased) was born February 23, 1808, and there is little doubt as to her being the first white child born in Indiana. She was left an orphan at the age of four years by the death of her father, Lieut. Richard McMahon, who fell at the battle of Tippe- canoe. She was married to Mr. Joel Wright, September 9, 1824, and lived a happy wedded life till his death, Septem- ber 23, 1865. She was the mother of eleven children, five sons and six daughters ; only two of them are living. She joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1839, under the preaching of the Rev. William Daniel, and was a member of the first class organized at Wesley Chapel, then Corydon Circuit. She lived a consistent Christian life. She died July 24-, 1888, trusting in her Saviour, who sustained and comforted her through life. She was kind, patriotic, hospitable and generous. Her house was ever open to the poor pioneer preachers of of all denominations. "Let faith look up, let sorrow cease, She lives with Christ o'erhead ; Yes, faith beholds where she sits, With Jesus clothed iu white; Our loss is her eternal gain, She dwells in cloudless light." SAMUEL J. WRIGHT (deceased) was a native of this county, and was born July 8, 1824, within three miles of Corydon. He was brought up on the farm until he was thirteen years of age, when he entered the Clerk's office under Capt. Heth, remaining in that position until he was twenty-one years of age. He was then elected Auditor of Harrison county for four years. Serving out his term, he, in 1850, engaged in the mercan- tile business, which he continued until 1866, when he sold out. While merchandizing, he also ran the Eclipse Mills, owning an interest in them until 1873. He was a large owner and treasurer in the New Albany, Louisville and Corydon Turnpike Road. In 1867 he was re-elected Auditor of the county on the Republican ticket. He then en- gaged in the law, which he continued to the time of his death, which occurred in 1884. He owned a farm a mile north of Corydon. His heirs still own it and his interest in the Pike Road. Mr. Wright was married in 1846, to Miss Sarah Ami Slaughter, of Corydon, daughter of Dr. James B. Slaugh- ter. She died in 1857, leavingfour children, two of whom are living — James E. and Sarah D. — both of whom are married and living in Corydon. Mr. Wright married a second time in 1858, Miss E. Wilson, a daughter of Hon. Geo. P. R. Wilson, a prominent man, who served several terms in the Legis- lature, and was a native of Kentucky. He lived on a farm, in this county, once owned by Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison. This second marriage of Mr. Wright resulted in seven children, as follows : Charles W., Edgar G., Oscar S., Rosa, Frank R., Fanny G. and Mary. Mrs. Wright's mother was a daughter of Capt. Spier Spencer, who was with Gen. Harrison at Tippecanoe, and was killed in that battle. Capt. Spencer's wife, Elizabeth Polk, was captured by the Indians when only six years old, and kept with them until she nearly forgot her own language. DAVID W. YOUTSTER, farmer and fruit-grower, was born in Harrison county, Ind., May 26, 1837, son of William and Sarah (Rogers) Youtster. The former, a na- tive of Kentucky, came to Indiana in 1800, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 197 and was one of those hardy pioneers who made "the wilderness to rejoice and blos- som as the rose;" the latter was of Irish origin, and came to the United States while quite young, first settling with her parents in Pennsylvania, but subsequently moved to Indiana, and settled in this county, where she died in 1S82. David W., the subject of this sketch, was reared on the farm, and received a common-school education. He was married Aug. 1, 1871, to Nancy B. Cunningham, a daughter of Samuel Cunningham, Esq. Three children were born of this marriage, viz : Thomas H., born June 22,1872; David W., Dec. 1873; James E., Sept. 13, 1882. Mr. Youtster owns 156 acres of fine land, well improved. It is located on the Ohio river, about three miles above New Amsterdam, and about forty acres of it are in fruit, mostly apples, comprising all the finest varieties ; it turned out over 2,000 barrels of apples last year. He is a member of the Odd Fellows, New Amsterdam Lodge, No. 650 ; also a member of the Masonic order of Mauckport lodge, and he and his wife are members of the Congregational Church at Beechwood. Politically he is a Republican, and one of the foremost and most substantial farmers of his township. 198 HARRISON COUNTY WILLIAM T. ZENOR, Circuit Judge, was born in Harrison county, Intl., three miles east of Corydon, April 30, 1846. His parents, Philip and Anna C. Zenor, were natives, the father of Ohio, and the mother of Harrison county, Ind. The mother Anna C. Shuck, was the daughter of Chris- topher Shuck, a Pennsylvania German, who settled in Harrison county about 1790, about three miles east of the present site of Corydon. His grandfather, Jacob Zenor, was a soldier in the War of 1 8 1 2. He fought in the battle of Tippecanoe, where he was wounded, being a lieutenant of the Spencer Rifles, led by Capt. Spier Spencer, of Corydon, who fell in the battle. He served as a member of the Indiana Legislature from its first session in 1816 to 1820-21. Judge Zenor's father was born in 1810, came to Harrison county when a small boy, is still living, and has always been a farmer. The family is probably of French origin. The father served in the Second Indiana Volunteer Regiment of In- fantry in the war with Mexico, with the rank of lieutenant, and draws a pension for his services. Judge Zenor was reared on his father's farm, educated in the common schools of the county, and graduated from the High, School at Salem, Ind., under Prof. May. He read law under Judge D. W. La- Follette, at New Albany, and was admitted to practice in 1869 in the Harrison County Circuit Court. In 1871 he . moved to Leavenworth, Crawford county, and for five years, under appointment by the Governor and two elections by the people, he served faith- fully, energetically and successfully as Prosecuting Attorney of that Judicial Cir- cuit. In 1882 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the State. In 1884, he was elected Judge of the Cir- cuit Court for Harrison and Crawford coun- ties without opposition, the people of both counties recognizing his high legal abilities and fitness for this honorable and respon- sible position. His popularity with the people is the reward of a life of honor and usefulness and of noble qualities of man- hood. He carried with him to the bench abilities of the highest order, and presides in the Circuit Court of his circuit with dignity and justice. In 1873 Judge Zenor was married to Miss Emma Lynn, daughter of Mr. Pier- son Lynn, of Lanesville, Harrison county, and a lady of rare accomplishments. Judge Zenor is a self-made man ; he enjoyed none of the educational advantages of the present era, nevertheless he is a man of scholarly accpiirements, a student of industry and re- search, the hewer out of his own fortune and the honest architect of his own fame. No citizen of Harrison or Crawford county is held in higher esteem by the people of the two counties than Judge William T. Zenor. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 201 HON. PETER M. ZENOR, one of the retired farmers of Harrison county and ex- member of the Legislature, was born on the farm on which he still resides, in Posey township, June 11, 1820. He is the second son of Col. John and Polly Zenor (nee Mcintosh). Col. John Zenor was a native of Lancaster county, Pa., from where he emigrated, in 180S, to Harrison county, Ind., and was prominent in the early history of the county. He was Colonel of the early State Mihtia and lead certain expeditions against the In- dians, and, for his meritorious service in battle, was awarded land grants by the President of United States. He was a member of the Legislature in 1836, when the "Internal Improvement Act" was passed and became a law ; and served his county continuously up to 1850. He was strong and influential as a mem- ber, taking an active part in all measures that were for the building up and develop- ment of the young State. In politics, Col. Zenor was a staunch Whig, but he was universally liked by both parties, and respected for his ability, hon- esty and integrity. In 1850, when the county had the selection of a member to the State Constitutional Convention, Col. Zenor was chosen over the late Judge William A. Porter, and as a member of that body his services were conspicuous and useful. Among his contemporaries in the Legis- lature were : Frederick Leslie and Dennis Pennington, of Harrison county, and Har- bin H. Moore and John S. Davis, of Floyd county. His work in the Constitutional Convention was the last of his public serv- ices. Peter M. Zenor's uncle, Jacob Zenor, was also a man of prominence, having served the county as a member of the Leg- islature while the capital was at Corydon. Mr. Peter M. Zenor is the only living son of his father's family. Was brought up on the farm. His early school advantages were meagre acquiring his education prin- cipally after he arrived at man's estate. His early life was principally spent in his father's "Old Horse Mill, " which ground all the wheat and corn for miles around. December 6, 1838, he was married to Miss Elizabeth S., daughter of Joshua Farnsley, a pioneer of the county, and a man of great worth to the community, a native of Kentucky, one of early magis- trates of the county, and a real estate own- er, and died in 1870. Our subject before the war was elected to the office of Magistrate and served in that office for four years. During the war he was elected to the office of County Com- missioner, to fill the vacancy made by the death of Col. Jacob Free, who was killed in the Morgan raid. In 1868, was elected to the lower house of the Legislature, and was one of the mem- bers who filibustered against the adoption of theFifteenthAmendment,and subsequently, to thwart same being accomplished, resign- ed, along with many others of his party, the Democrat members, and later on, when Governor Baker called a special session, he was elected as his own successor, and when the Amendment again came up for consideration, he again resigned, with a number of others, sufficient to break the quorum, and the Amendment did not pass through that session. In 1870 he was again elected to that body and served as Chairman of the Com- mittee on County and Township Business, and was also Chairman of the Committee on Rules, as well as the Committee on Claims. In 1876 he again served his county in 202 HARRISON COUNTY. the capacity of County Commissioner for six years. Mr. Zenor's wife died in 1882 ; since that time he has held no public office. He has living two children — Joshua F. and Frances J. Zenor. Mr. Zenor is liv- ing a retired life with his son , one that has been useful, and one worthy as a model for the young men of the country. Mr. Zenor's grandfather, Peter Mcintosh, for whom he was named, was prominently con- nected with the early history of the county, serving as one of the Probate Judges for a number of years. ELHANAN W. ZIMMERMAN was born on a farm, in Harrison county, September 26, 1836, and is a son of David and Eliza- beth (Brown) Zimmerman — the former born in Maryland about 1790, emigrated to Indiana, settling in Harrison county, where he died about 1840. His wife, Elizabeth (Brown) Zimmerman, was also born in Maryland, and died in this county in 1844. Elhanan, whose name heads this sketch, is the seventh in a family of nine children. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. His life passed quietly until the beginning of the civil war, when, in July, 1861, he en- listed in Co. B, Forty-fifth Indiana Volun- teer Regiment (Third Indiana Cavalry), and was discharged August 31, 1864, by reason of expiration of his term of service. He returned home and resumed farming. On the 27th of November, 1867, he was mar- ried to Miss Lucinda Shoemaker, bom in Harrison county, October 18, 1847, and is a daughter of Tandy and Nancy Shoe- maker, natives of Kentucky and Floyd county, Ind., respectively. The former was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was with Gen. Jackson at the battle of New Orleans. Three of his sons, David, Marion, and George, followed his martial example, and served creditably in the late civil war. Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman have had ten children, viz : David S., Nancy A., Win, J., Sanford W., Claudius S., Wiley 0.,EvaL., Joan D., Governor P. and Bertha A. Mr. Zimmerman owns 130 acres of land, well improved and in a fine state of cultivation. He raises fruit, grain and grass, and is one of the prosperous farmers of the county. He has a saw-mill on Buck creek, with facilities for grinding corn and feed. JEFFERSON COUNTY. CAPT. JOSEPH C. ABBOTT is a native of Henry county, Ky., was born June 5, 1881. Came to Milton, Ky., with his par- ents at five years of age. He was raised in Milton, Trimble county, Ky., attendiug the city schools of Madison, Ind. After- ward he went to college at Carrollton, Ky. After finishing his education he en- gaged as clerk on the steamboat "Leo- nora," packet between Carrollton, Madison and Louisville, and continued as pilot and clerk for about two years. Then he took a trip down South on a flatboat. In 1874 he built the steamer "St. Francis Belle" at Cattlettsburg, Ky., and ran her in the St. Francis river, Ark., and afterward ran her in the White river, Ark., from Memphis, Tenn., to Jacksonport, Ark. In 1876 he brought her up and ran her from Louis- ville, Ky., to Leavenworth, Ind. In 1877 he took her to New Orleans and sold her. He came home in 1877, and his father retired from the ferry business, and turned it over to him ; he has continued in that business ever since. Mr. Abbott's parents were John M. and Mildred (Garriot) Abbott. His father was a native of Culpepper county, Va., born September 11, 1803, and came to Kentucky in 1816. Is now living in Mil- ton, and is very active for one of his age. His mother was a native of Trimble county, Ky. She died in 1875, at the age of 63. Capt. Abbott was married in 1876 to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Capt. Nat. Williams, of Madison, Ind. He removed to Madison in 1876, and has resided there ever since. Capt. Abbott is a member of the Second Presbyterian Church. He be- longs to Masonic Order, and has taken the Thirty-second Degree in Masonry, is a member of Union Lodge, No. 2, in Madison, and belongs to the Consistory at Indi- anapolis. The Captain is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F., Madison Lodge, No. 72; also of Madison Lodge, No. 21, K- of P.; also of Bed Men and Knights of Labor. Was chairman of the Democratic commit- tee for eight years. CHABLES W. ALLFBEY, school- teacher, was born in Switzerland county, Ind., and was raised on a farm. He is the son of Joseph Allfrey and Elizabeth Gray. 204 JEFFERSON COUNTY His father was a native of Nicholas county, Ky., born in 1798, of Virginia peo- ple. His grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mr. Allfrey's mother was the daughter of James Gray, and was born in Virginia ; she came to Indiana with her father in 1800, and settled in what is now Switzer- land county. They were the earliest set- tlers of that county. Her father was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mr. Allfrey was educated in the common schools of his county, and then took a course at the Woodward School, located in Cincinnati, Ohio. He commenced teaching in 1853, and followed it until 1869 ; then for two years he flatboated. In 1871 he was appointed School Examiner, and served at that for two years ; then he went at the traffic of goods on the river. While from home on this business he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for Recorder of Jefferson county. He was elected to that office and served for four years ; after which he resumed his profession as teacher, which he still follows. When a boy he was engaged as cook on a natboat, and in that capacity made quite a number of trips to New Orleans. He has made several trips through portions of the Southern country since he arrived at man- hood. Mr. Allfrey is considered one of the best teachers of the county, and is well liked by scholars, parents and the school officers. WILLIAM M. AMSDEN, County Superin- tendent of Public Schools, Smyrna town- ship, the son of Caleb and Nancy (Moncrief) Amsden, was born July 28, 1857, in Smyrna township, Jefferson county, Ind.-; was brought up in this township, attended the public schools of this county, and graduated from Hanover College in 1886. While attending college, during the vacations, for six years, from 1880 to 1886, for four months of each year, he acted as traveling salesman for McCormick Harvesting Ma- chine Company, of Chicago, 111. After graduating he was clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives, remaining there the session of 1887. In June, 1887, was elected County Super- intendent of Public Schools for Jefferson county, on the Republican ticket. Mr. Amsden was married, April 19, 1888, to Miss Sophia Dean, daughter of Mr. A. C. Dean, of this township. He was Deputy Assessor of Smyrna township from 1881 to 1885, four years; and has been a law student since 1881. He was made secretary of the Republican Committee from 1888 to 1890. He has been Delegate to two Republican State Con- ventions, to two Congressional and one Ju- dicial Conventions. And is chairman of the Smyrna Precinct Committee. He was a candidate for the Legislature in 1S88, but was defeated in convention. His father, Caleb Amsden, was a native of New York State, and came to Indiana in SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 205 1830 and located in Jefferson county, at Madison. He was a traveling salesman for Mr. E. C. Barbour, of Madison. Has been a traveling salesman for the greater part of his life. In 1865 he located in Smyrna township, on a farm, where he has been ever since. He is a Mason and an Odd Fellow, and is member of the Baptist Church at Wirt. He is now in the seventy- second year of his age. Mrs. Amsden, the mother of the subject of this sketch, is a native of Jefferson county, Ind., and was the daughter of Ab- ner Moncrief, who was a native of Ken- tucky, and came to this county in 1808, and was one of the first settlers of the county. He was a farmer, and died in 1872, at the age of seventy-two years. He was an active member of the Baptist Church at Wirt, and was a deacon of his church for many years. Mrs. Amsden is still living, being fifty-nine years old. CAPT. JOHN ARMSTRONG (deceased) was bom in the State of Maryland, on the Susquehanna, about the year 1789 ; owing to the death of his father when he was quite young, and no family records remain- ing, the exact date of his birth is not posi- tively known. Captain Armstrong remembered Cold Friday — which was February 6, 1800, and always thought he was about seventeen years old at that time. His mother re- moved to Montgomery county, Ky., when he was an infant, and there remained and died, leaving one half-sister to the Captain, named Axia Carson. The Captain was bound (as was the custom in those days, in Kentucky, with orphans), but he did not like his boss (he was a cabinet-maker), and ran away. He passed through Maysville, Ky., and finding a canoe there, he paddled down the Ohio to Sedansville, and from here made his way to Hamilton county, Ohio ; there he found a home with an old lady named Scott, and lived with her for a short time. He next worked for a man named Moore for two years, at four dollars per month. Later he worked for some years for Thomas Marshall, with whom he made his home for many years. In 1814 he em- barked, as a bargeman, on the keelboat "None Such," and made a trip to New, Or- leans. The wages for the trip was $40 for the downward trip, and $100 for the upward trip. The "None Such" arrived at New Orleans a few days before the last bat- tle of the war of 1812 was fought there by General Jackson against Packingham. Armstrong was on the barge at the time of the battle, and distinctly heard the noise of it. He followed the life of a keelboat- man for some years, making four trips from Cincinnati and Pittsburgh to New Or- leans and back. This was a slow business and it took about twelve months to make a round trip. In 1819 he commenced steamboating as a deck hand on the old "Gen. Pike," the first steamer ever built in Cincinnati. "It was built and principally owned by John H. 206 'JEFFERSON COTJNTY Piatt. Jacob Strader, a clerk in Piatt's bank, was clerk on the vessel. " Then Arm- strong became pilot and afterward cap- tain of many boats: "Eodolpb," which 'he built, "Empress," and other boats that ran on the Kentucky river, and a number on the Ohio. He was at one time owner of the entire Mail Line from Cincinnati to Louisville. He continued at boating until June, 1847 (his family had been living on a farm for many years previous to this time), when he retired to his farm, in Jef- ferson county, Ind., above Brooksburg, at about the age of 56. In 1833 he had bought this farm, and had afterward im- proved it to suit his ideas of a home, so that it was all ready for him when he re- tired from the river : it had been his inten- tion for many years to enjoy life as a farm- er, and he did so for about thirty years. He died at his farm February 2, 1880. In 1822 he was married to Miss Sarah Marshall, the daughter of Thomas Mar- shall, with whom he had made his home for many years. The issue of this mar- riage was seven children, viz : James, John, Thomas, George, Eliza Ann, Henrietta and Charles ; of these, three are living : Thomas, George and Eliza Ann. Mrs. Armstrong died January 16, 1838, and in 1839 Captain Armstrong married Harriet, a sister of his former wife, and they had six children, all of whom are liv- ing, viz : Sarah, Margaret, Prank, Florence, Florida and Harriet. Capt. Armstrong was successful in busi- ness and accumulated quite a little fortune, and at the same time made for himself many friends in all the classes of life which he had passed through. He was a kind husband, father and friend, esteemed by all of his neighbors. His dust rests in peace in the burial place on his farm, which overlooks the river which he loved so well, and on which so much of his life was passed. HOLLY AUSTIN, a farmer near North Madison, was a native of Jackson county, Ohio, and was born in 1829, April 6. His parents were William and Sarah (Erwin) Austin, natives of Ohio and Vir- ginia. His father is a farmer and is still liv- ing, at 84 years of age. Mr. Austin came to Jefferson county in 1848, and has been en- gaged in farming and saw-milling for the most of the time since then. He is now engaged in farming and making cider and vinegar. He makes vinegar during the entire year, from crab-apples. He has an orchard of 1200 trees on the farm ; controls 277 acres of land. Mr. Austin was married in 1853 to Miss Aurelia Castle, of Licking county, Ohio. They have three children, — William A., Henry C. and Fred. Mr. Austin sent the first substitute to the war from Indiana — sending a substitute before there was a call for a draft in the State. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 207 MATTHIAS BADER was a native of Ger- many, and the son of John and Katherine (Bihler) Bader; hoth of his parents died in Germany. Matthias Bader was born December 3, 1826, in Wurternberg, Germany, and came to this country in 1854, and located in Indiana in the same yeai>. He went to work by the month on the farm, and con- tinued to do so for about four years. In 1858 he was married to Miss Mary Hoi wager, daughter of Frederick Holwager, a farmer of this county. After marrying, he rented a farm at money rent, and in 1801 he bought 40 acres of land, and since then has bought, at different times, land adjoining, until now he has a farm of 200 acres of good land, seven miles from Madi- son, very well improved and well stocked. He has four children, three boys and one girl, viz : William and Annie, Charlie and Edward. William is now a farmer in Kansas ; the others are at home. Mr. Bader was drafted in 1S64; for one year, was in Co. B, Fortieth Indiana Vol- unteers. He served nine months, and was in the battle of Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville, Tenn. He was taken sick and sent to the hospital at Jeffersonville, where he was sick about two months, when he took small-pox, and was sent to the hospital at Louisville. He is a member of the M. E. Church at Kent. SAMUEL BAKER, farmer, Monroe township, was the son of a Dunkard preacher, Michael Baker, a native of Maryland, whose father came from Ger- many and was sold for his passage money, for which he broke hemp for some time. The mother of Samuel Baker was Catherine Everly, and belonged to one of oldest families of Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch was born in Fayette county, Pa., July 14, 1817, and was raised on a farm until 18 years of age, when he came West, with two brothers, one of whom was a cabinet-maker. They landed at North Landing, near Rising Sun, Ind. Mr. Baker served an apprenticeship of three years, with his brother, at the cabinet- making business, and then set up a shop of his own at Barkworks; he was a hous e joiner also. He married, at the age of 22, Miss Nancy Wallick, whose grandmother was a daughter Col. Crawford, who was burned at the stake by the Indians. Mrs. Baker's grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, a ranger and Indian spy, or scout, in the early days of Indiana. Mr. and Mrs. Baker were the parents of three children, Elzina, Sylvania and Nancy. Mr. Baker's wife died about 1847. He re- married, in 1849, to Nancy J. Haddock, whose parents were natives of Indiana ; the result of this union was three children : Alice, Belle and John. This wife died m 1865. Mr. Baker was married a third time, in 1866, to Sarah Kelley, daughter of William Kelley, a native of Pennsylvania. Some of his family are dead, the living are 208 JEFFERSON COUNTY in Texas and Indiana. John, the youngest son, is at home. The greater part of Mr. Baker's life was spent in Switzerland county, Indiana, at his trade and in the undertaking business, though he had traveled in the Far West somewhat before the Territory was made into States. In 1865 he bought a farm of 220 acres of good land in Jefferson county, near Bryantsburg, where he has since lived as a farmer. He is an earnest Christian, a member of the Christian Church and a good citizen. GEORGE BARBER— firm of Barber & Cravens, paper manufacturers, Broad- way and Fifth street Madison, Ind. — was born in Madison June 28, 1836, and reared here and attended the city schools. In 1854 he went on the river, learn- ing the business of steamboat piloting from Cincinnati to New Orleans, which business he followed from 1858 to 1873. In the year 1873 he formed a partnership with Mr. Henry C. Watts, for the manu- facture of paper, and built the mill in which he is at present making paper, the firm name being Watts & Barber. This firm continued until 1885, when Mr. Charles Cravens bought out Mr. Watts' interest. Since then the firm name has been Barber & Cravens. The mill turns out about 2,400 pounds of paper every twelve hours. They employ seven men, and sell the paper principally in Louisville, St. Louis and Memphis. The parents of Mr. Barber were Timothy and Susan (Horton) Barber, and were natives of Connecticut and Ohio, both of them coming to Indiana when quite young. His father died in 1874, at the age of 71 years. His mother is still living. Mr. Barber was 1 first married in 1859, to Miss Sallie Fisher, of Madison, Ind. She died in 1865, leaving two children, one of whom died the next year after its mother ; the other, Carrie, is still living, and mar- ried to Mr. Charles Friedersdorff, of this city. Mr. Barber was married a second time to Miss Mary Zuck, daughter of Mr. Andrew Zuck, of this city. They have four children : Willie, Nellie, Clay W. and George Cravens. Mr. Barber is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Barber is a good citizen, of quiet, retiring disposition, and well liked by those who know him. WILLIAM BAXTER (deceased) was the son of James Baxter, who was a native of Ireland, and emigrated to this country in the last century, first locating in Pennsyl- vania, afterward removing to Ohio and settling near Dayton, or rather where that city now is ; here he remained for a num- ber of years, when he migrated to Jefferson county, Ind., and settled in what is now Monroe township, where he died. The subject of this sketch was born near the Little Miami, Ohio, in 1804, and came to Jefferson county with his father SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 200 when quite young, and spent his youth and manhood days, and died August 25, 1861. He was a fanner, and by careful saving of what he made by his industry, he was ena- bled to own 360 acres of land at the time of his death. He married Jane Kerr, August 29, 182S, and they begot the following named chil- dren : James R., born November 25, 1829 ; Josiah K., September 19, 1831 ; Daniel T., October 1, 1833, died January 5, 1859; Oliver H. P., October 31, 1835; William A., May 27, 1838, died September 15, 1877 ; Hiram P., September 22, 1840; George W., March 16,1843; Alonzo H. H., Au- gust 31, 1845; Edward A. Z., October 14, 1847; Leonidaa N., November 17,1849; Havanna S., July 25, 1852; Emlona H., August 28, 1S54, died when 16 months old. His wife died May 27, 1855, and on Au- gust 26, 1857, he was married to Marga- ret Kerr, a sister of his first wife. By this union there was one son, Erastus V., who was born February 3, 1859, who died at the age of two years and ten months. Mr. Baxter was a man of prominence and never sought office. He was a member and an earnest supporter of the M. E. Church for twenty years before his death. Six of his sons were in the army during the war, and another served an enlistment in the United States army. JAMES W. BAYLESS was born in Mad- ison, July 1, 1829, was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools. He has never sought office, and does not like secret societies. He owns 1 57 acres of good land, and runs the farm, his sister Sophronia keeping house for him, as he has never married. His father, Nathaniel Bayless, was born March 12, 1796, in Harford county, Mary- land, near the head of Chesapeake bay ; he came to Madison, Ind., about 1817. He was a house carpenter and joiner, and built many houses ; among those he built was the house Mr. Chas. Ailing lives in. He built the paper mill on Indian Kentucky creek, known as Sheets' Paper Mill. He sharpened a dirk knife for Mr. John Sheets, which, it is said, was the one with which Sheets killed White, in Madison, some sixty- five years ago. In 1824 he married Miss Mary A. Whedon, who was born in New York, in March, 1806, and came to Jefferson county when 12 years of age, with her father, Stephen Whedon, an early settler of Madison. By this marriage there were six children : George, who died at the age of 48 ; James W. ; Nathaniel, living in Monroe township ; Stephen, who died in 1884; Anna M., who is married to John Riggle, and lives at North Madison, and Sophronia, who lives with James W., who furnishes this sketch. Mr. Nathaniel Bayless moved from Madison about 1837, to Madison township, where he bought 720 acres of land, and where he died in 1885. His widow died March 13, 1879. There is a clock and fire shovel that has been in the family some sixty-four years. 210 JEFFERSON 'COUNTY PERRY E. BEAR is a native of Jeffer- son county, Ind., and was born September 22, 1860. His parents were Joseph Bear, a farmer, who was born in Jefferson county, in 1834, and Margaret Whitmore, who was born in Kentucky. His paternal grandfather, Christian Bear, was a native of Pennsylvania, and settled in Jefferson county, Ind., before the State was admitted to the Union. He was of German origin, his father being a native German. Perry E. Bear was educated in the schools of the county, having graduated from the High School. He read law with Edward Leland, and was admitted to the practice of law in 1881. He was with Judge E. R. Wilson, of Madison, for two years. In 1884 was elected City Attorney of Madison ; was re-elected in 1885. In 188G was appointed deputy prosecutor of Jeffer- son county. He became the nominee of bis (Republican) party for prosecuting at- torney for the Fifth Judicial Circuit in the fall of 1 888, and was elected. In 1883 was married to Miss Champney. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. WM. H. H. BENEFIEL, merchant and farmer of Barbersville, Jefferson county, Ind., was born in Jefferson county, March 8, 1825. He is the son of Wm. B. Benefiel, who, at the age of 23 years, came from Kentucky to Indiana Territory among the pioneer set- tlers, and located in the neighborhood of Buchanan's Station (or fort), Jefferson county, .in the spring of 1814; and was married, in 1810, to Miss Phcebe Conner, daughter of Lewis Conner, a native of Ten- nessee, and who emigrated to Indiana Terri- tory prior to 1814. George Benefiel and Mary Buchanan Benefiel, father and mother of Wm. B., came, with their family of seven sons and five daughters, to Indiana in the fall of 1814. The seven sons and five daughters all lived to raise large families and to an average age of seventy-three years, reckon- ing the ages of the deceased at time of death and the living at present age. George Benefiel, father of this family of twelve children, was a native of Virginia, and the head of a numerous branch of the Benefiel family, emigrated to Kentucky in early time, and thence to Indiana; was a pioneer of Kentucky and also of Indiana, and did much to improve this State. His descendants are in almost every State and Territory of United States, and in religion in general adhere to the Presbyterian faith, and in politics uphold the principles of the Republican party. Wm. H. H. Benefiel, subject of this sketch, was raised on a farm and educated at the district schools and Hanover College.. He was married in 1856, to Marand John- son, daughter of Wm. Johnson, a native of Kentucky. The result of tins union was three children — Nancy A., Wm. T. and Mary A. All are married and live in this (Jefferson) and the adjoining (Ripley) counties. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 211 In 1857 he engaged in the dry-goods and grocery business, at Barbersville, Jefferson county, Ind., and has continued in the same business, in the same place, ever since (thirty-two years). He has also car- ried on farming the greater part of the time. He owns a part of the farm his father owned before Indiana was a State, 290 acres, which is well improved and very productive. He was among the first to introduce and advocate the use of commercial fertilizers in his section, and has lived to see the great benefits derived therefrom. He belongs to an old Whig family, and at the organization of the Republican party espoused the principles of that, and has been an ardent supporter of that party ever since. Mr. Benefiel has been successful in his business, and has accumulated some valu- able property. He has an uncle and aunt, aged 88 and 80, the last of the original settlers of the twelve brothers and sisters of the second generation of his branch of the Benefiel family. GEORGE R. BOLEN, hardware mer- chant, was bora, in Madison, November 14, 1860. He attended the public schools of Madison; and is a graduate of Halbert's Business College. After leaving college he entered the post- office as clerk, under the late Col. M. C. Garber, and continued with him for four years. In 1S79 Mr. Bolen took a position with Mr. F. G. Wharton, who was in the hard- ware business, with whom he remained un- til July 1, 1888, when he bought him out. The firm name being Geo. B. Bolen & Co., they carry a full fine of shelf hard- ware and carpenters' tools ; and make a specialty of breech-loading shot guns and small arms. They have a fine trade, and the long experience of Mr. Bolen in the business gives him a great advantage in the trade, as he is complete master of it. Mr. Bolen is a member of the K. of P., and a past chancellor of the order. He is a member of the Trinity M. E. Church, of which he is an officer. He is the son of Sims B. and Elizabeth Bolen, natives of Kentucky, who came to Madison just before the war. Mr. Sims Bolen, the father, has been superintendent of the Gas Co.'s works for about thirty years. He was a member of the 67th Ind. Vols, during the late war, and a man respected by all who know him. Mr. Geo. R. Bolen, the subject of this sketch, is a man of integrity and good business habits and qualifications, affable and pleasant in manner. He made many friends while in the postoffice, a place which tries the patience of both the patron and the employe, but George came out of it with more staunch friends than when he went in to it, and with his pleasant ways only made brighter by the constant trial. 212 JEFFERSON COUNTY JOSEPH T. BRASHEAR, Mayor of the city of Madison, is a native of Washington county, Pa. Was born May 10, 1832. His parents were Basil and Margaret (Trotter) Brashear, who were bom in Steubenville, Ohio, and Claysville, Pa. His father was a tailor by trade. His mother died when he was three years old. Mr. Brashear received only the educa- tion afforded by the common schools of the county. In 1848 he removed to Steubenville, Ohio, where he commenced the trade of bhicksmithing, and worked there untillSSl, when he came to Madison, Ind. He continued at his trade here, and started in to work for J. S. & R. E. Neal, foundrymen, for whom he worked up to 18G0. In that year he, with others, began the steamboat building, at which he con- tinued until 1S65, when he went into part- nership with Mr. A. Campbell, in the manufacture of steam boilers, and remained in this for three years. In 18G8 he, with John W. Vawter, en- gaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements at N. Madison for four years, at which time he sold out his interest and engaged again in blacksmithing as foreman for Cobb, Stribling & Co., foundrymen, in Madison. In May, 1875, he made the race for mayor of Madison on the Democratic ticket, beating the incumbent, Alexander White, 157 votes. Served for two years, when he was re-nominated, and ran against Captain Powers whom he defeated by 474 votes. This was the election of 1 877. In 1 879 he again made the race for mayor, this time against John W. Linck, and was elected by forty-two votes. In 1S81 he was defeated in the Demo- cratic Convention for the nomination, and Mr. S. J. Smith, a Republican, was elected. In 1883 the Republicans re-nominated Mr. Smith, and the Democrats nominated Mr. Brashear, and he was elected by 183 ma- jority. In 1885 he was again nominated as a candidate by the Democrats, and de- feated Mr. John Pattie, Republican nomi- nee, fifty-five votes. In 1887, ran again, his opponent being Capt. H. B. Foster, whom he beat by a majority of twenty- four. September 3, 1S53, he was married to Miss Nancy Conaway, of Madison. They have eight children. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and Knights of Honor. In ten years he has been absent but two times from meetings of the City Council. WILLIAM P. BROWN is a native of Scotland. He was born July 9, 1841. He came to the United States in 1845, with his parents, who located in Jefferson county, Ind. He was brought up on a farm in this county, and attended the common schools of the county. He came to Madison in 1871, and worked at the carpenter's business until SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 213 1874, when be formed a partnership with Thomas Dow in the lumber business, under the firm name of Dow & Brown, making walnut lumber a specialty, which business they have been successfully engaged in ever since. This firm has i-eeently bought the saw- mills situated on the corner of Front and Plum streets, Block No. 12. Their lumber yard office is on Mulberry street. They are the largest and most prominent lumber merchants in the city. Mr. Brown was married in 1871 to Miss Mary Graham, of this county, daughter of Mr. James Graham, and has four living children : William A., Thomas M., James G. and Agnes W. His parents were Alexander and Isabella (Martin) Brown. His father was a promi- nent farmer of this county, and died in 1882, at the age of 92 years. His mother died in 1858, at the age of 50 years. E. BUCHANAN (deceased), formerly of Shelby township, Jefferson county, Ind., was born October 21, 1821, in Ripley county, and was the son of Wilson Bu- chanan, a native of Pennsylvania. Wilson and his three brothers came to Indiana at an early day, and made the first settlement in this neighborhood, and helped to build the first fort or blockhouse here, as a place of refuge for the settlers and of defence against the Indians. The fort was called Buchanan's Station. They raised families under the difficulties attending pioneer set- tlement. The subject of this sketch was one of the children, and was raised a pioneer, getting an education of the best afforded at that time, which was of the simplest, and of what could in these days of advanced schools be considered the poorest, kind. At the age of 19, in 1841, he married Miss Lucinda Connor, daughter of Mr. Louis Connor, who was also an early set- tler. The result of this union was six children: Wm. H. H., who enlisted in the Twenty-second Indiana Volunteers, and re- turned home in six months and died the same year from illness contracted in the service ; Minerva J., Lavina H., Eliza E., John W. and Edith E. His wife died September 2, 1857, and he re-married Feb. 14, 1859. This time he married Miss Bebecca Hillis, daughter'of Hiram Hillis, a native of Indiana. Her mother was Louisa Atherton, daughter of Joseph Atherton, a native of Virginia. The result of this mar- riage was seven children : Mary E., Han- nah, Victoria, Hattie L., Effie M., George T. and Nellie S. The subject of this sketch died February 19, 1883. He had been successful in life, educated his children well, and at the same time, by careful management and patient industry, had accumulated quite an amount of valuable property. At the time of his death be owned some 900 acres of well im- proved land in Ripley and Jefferson coun- ties, which is still owned by the heirs. All of his property was obtained by his own 214 JEFFERSON COUNTY efforts, nothing having. been given to him by his father. At the marriage of this first set of chil- dren he presented each of them with $1,500. His sale bill amounted to $3,000. Mrs. Buchanan still lives on the home- stead, which belongs to her and her daugh- ters and son, who is now 14 years of age and who is walking in the footsteps of his father and alive to all home interests, and loves his books and will make his mark in the world. Mary E. and Hannah have married; the other five are at home with their mother. Mr. Buchanan was a good citizen and a choice man. IRA CHAMBERS, farmer, Monroe town- ship, is a native of Jefferson county, Ind., was born December 7, 1842, was raised on a farm and is still living on one ; he was educated in the common schools of the county. At the breaking out of the Rebel- lion he enlisted in the three months' service, at the call for 300,000 more soldiers by the President of the United States ; he enlisted in the Tenth Indiana Cavalry, and was in all the engagements of his regiment, until he was taken prisoner atHuntsville, Ala., on the 14th day of December, 1864. He re- mained a prisoner at Andersonville four months and thirteen days, when he escaped and found his way to the Union lines at Jacksonville, Fla., on April 29, 1865. After his discharge at the close of the war he returned home, and settled down to the quite life of a farmer. He was married in 1865, to Miss Nancy J. Patton, daughter of Robert R. Patton, of North Madison. They have a family of seven children : Burdett, Charles, Mollie, Harry, Willie, Frank and Stella. Mr. Chambers has a comfortable little home and enjoys himself in life. He is a man prematurely old in consequence of ex- posure and injuries received while in the army. His father is Mr. James Chambers, a farmer of Monroe township (see his sketch). Mr. Ira Chambers is a member of the G. A. R. JAMES CHAMBERS, farmer, Monroe township, was the oldest son of Isaac Cham- bers, an early settler in this county (see sketch in history of county), and Mehitabel Goodwin, daughter of Samuel Goodwin, natives of Kentucky. Mr. Chambers was born in Jefferson county, Indiana, within four miles of the place on which he now lives, on a farm; was reared a farmer, and educated in the old log school-house days. His education was, through the necessity of the case, of a limited char- acter. He was married in 1842, to Mary Baxter, a daughter of Daniel Baxter, a pioneer of the year 1814 to this county, and was born in Pennsylvania, and was the father of a large family, the sketches SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 215 of some of whom are to be found in this book. Mr. Chambers and wife raised a family of nine children, viz : Ira B., Indiana, Nancy A., James W., John M., Mary J., Robert D., Isaac D. and George A. Two of these, George and John M., are dead ; the others are living in Jefferson county. Ira and John were soldiers in the late war. Ira was a prisoner at Andersonville for some months (see his sketch) ; John served six months. Mr. Chambers owns 300 acres of land °f good quality and well improved, and is very comfortably fixed in a home. His wife is a member of the Baptist Church, and has been a consistent Christian for fifty years past. RICHARD CHAPMAN was born in Wil- shire, England, in 1819, October 27. He was reared in England, and was appren- ticed at the age of fourteen, to learn the trade of blacksmith, and served for seven years as an apprentice, at Woodford, near Salisbury. He worked at his trade for eighteen years in England, and came to the United States in 1852, on the ship "Liverpool," having left England between Christmas and New Year in 1S51. He arrived in Madi- son, Ind., the last day of February, 1852, with only a nickel in his pocket. He walked out in the country four miles that night on the Kent road ; the next day he rented a shop two miles from Kent, and commenced work on the first day of April, where he continued to work for two and one-half years. The following July after he landed, his wife and child came to him from England. In 1854 Mr. Chapman removed to Gra- ham township, and bought one-half of an acre of ground, and put up a house and shop upon it, paying $100 for the ground. He worked at his trade at this place for over twenty years, keeping a general coun- try store in connection with his shop. His wife was made postmistress at this point, and held the office for eight years. When he left Graham township in 1878, he sold his premises for $1,100. Mr. Chapman was married in 1846, in England, to Miss Alice Potter, a native of England, who died August 17, 1880, at the age of 60 years, leaving one son, John. Mr. Chapman has been very successful in accumulating property, owning a farm of 240 acres of land in Graham township, besides a nice home of twenty-seven acres, where he lives, at the edge of the town of Lancaster. He is a member of the United Presby- terian Church, and has always been a large contributor to the Church, and fore- most to assist in all charitable enterprises. He has done a great deal to build up the county in the way of building and improv- ing property. On May 29, 1S86, he married Mrs. Cyn- thia (Hammond) Bailey, the widow of Com- modore Perry Bailey. She died Decern- 216 JEFFERSON COUNTY ber 23, 18S7, without issue. John Chap- man, son of the subject of our sketch, married Josephine Lard, daughter of C. K. Lard, of this county, and has four children : Alice B., Sarah N., Jessie R. and Ruth C, all living at home. John owns a farm of 385 acres of land in Lancaster town- ship, and is one of the largest- farmers in the township. Besides farming he deals largely in stock. JAMES A. COCHRAN, farmer, Hanover township, is a native of Hanover township, Jefferson county, and was born Feb. 27, 1831. He was reared in this township on a farm : attended the common schools of the township. He was married in 1800 to Miss Annie Morton, daughter of John Morton, of this county. He has two children, Jennetta and Moses A. He is a member, and an elder of Carmel (U. P.) Church. He owns a farm of 216 acres of land where he lives, three miles west of Hanover town ; the land is good and well improved. He is a large owner and dealer in Merino sheep. His parents, Alexander and Margaret (Anderson) Cochran, were natives of Scot- land ; his father of Glasgow, and his mother of Dumfries. They came to the United States, the mother in 1818, and the father in 1821. His father was a prominent farmer of this county, and died in 1876, at the age of 85. His mother died in 1884 at 90 years of age. Mr. Cochran was elected as County Commissioner in 1876 to 1885, on the Republican ticket. WILLIAM COCHRAN, farmer, is a na- tive of Republican township ; was born in the same house in which he now lives, Aug. 27, 1835. He was brought up on the farm, and attended the common schools of the county. He owns the farm of 172 acres of land on which he resides, and raises grain and stock, especially sheep. Mr. Cochran is unmarried. His parents were Alexander and Margaret (Anderson) Cochran, both natives of Scot- land ; his father of Glasgow, and his mother of Dumfries. They came to the United States, the mother in 181S, the father in 1821. His father was a prominent farmer of this county, and died in 1876, at the age of 85. His mother died in 1884, at the age of 90. Mr. Cochran is a good citizen, and a good farmer. CYRUS COMMISKY, farmer, Monroe township, is the second son of Joseph and Rebecca (Baxter) Commisky. He was born in Monroe township, Jef- ferson county, Ind., July 3, 1849, on a farm and reared a farmer; attended the SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 217 public schools. He was married at the age of twenty-two to Miss Sarah Walton. They are the parents of five living children : Kosette, John, Cyrus, Frank and Pleasant ; their third child, Charlie, died at the age of four. Mr. Commisky owns 133 acres of land and is a thrifty, forehanded farmer. The family of Joseph and Eebecca Commisky consisted of six children : Daniel, who en- listed in the Twenty-second Indiana Regi- ment, and has never been heard of since a few months after the battle of Pea Eidge ; Cyrus, John F., Joseph N., and two sisters, Anna and Susan, both of whom are mar- ried. Joseph Commisky was a native of Penn- sylvania, of Irish descent. He came to In- diana when quite young, and died in 1856. Eebecca Baxter was the daughter of Dan- iel Baxter, whose sketch is in this book, and native of this county. She died in 1887. J. RANDOLPH CONWAY, farmer, Smyrna township, Jefferson county, Ind., is the son of John and Emily (Hoagland) Conway, and was born in Hunter's Bottom, Trimble county, Ky., Aug. 17, 1836. He came to Indiana in 1840, with his parents, and located on the land where he now resides. He attended the common schools of the county. Mr. Conway and his two sisters own 115 acres of land, on which they now live. His parents were both of them natives of Ken- tucky. His father was born on Dee. 27, 1800, and died Dec. 5, 1867. His mother died July 29, 1 880, at the age of 77 years. His father owned 270 acres of the finest quality of land in the township ; he always raised large crops of wheat and corn ; the farm was called Egypt by the neighbors, on account of the corn raised upon it. One crop of com produced ninety bushels of corn to the acre on thirteen acres. The same year, in an adjoining field of sixteen acres, the product was thirty-eight bushels of wheat to the acre ; this crop brought two dollars in gold per bushel. This was dur- ing the Eussian war, in 1856. Mr. John Conway, the father, was for many years School and Township Trustee for this township. He was also a member of the Hopewell' Baptist Church. He was a raiser of a great deal of fine stock ; he raised one hog, of a litter of seventeen pigs, that weighed 606 pounds net, and was not fat either. Another large animal of his raising, was a Durham steer that weighed 1260 pounds at two years of age. ' He was a man who took great interest in raising stock. On his farm was a great deal of very large walnut timber ; the stump of one tree measured five feet and two inches in diameter. There is also one of the largest grapevines in the county on this farm ; it measures forty-six inches around the body ; it is on a beech tree. There is also a large poplar tree on this place, which is five feet through, and is one hundred feet high ; it is covered by a vine of the American ivy — this vine covers it all over. There is a cave 218 JEFFERSON COUNTY on the place, and when the beech leaves blow under or into the cave, they are petrified by the limestone water that drips on them ; the leaves decay and leave their impression on the stone. This is the finest land in the county, lots of walnut timber and some blue grass. The subject of this sketch has four brothers and two sisters : John, Cornelius, Thomas, Edward, Mary and Cornelia. His sisters live with him. Edward is married and a farmer of this township ; Thomas is a large farmer in Jackson county ; Cornelius died in 1861 ; John is a farmer in Crawford county, Ind. Mr. Conway's grandfather, John Conway, was born in Culpepper county, Va., in 1770, and died in the house on this farm at the age of 93 years 1 month and 3 days. WILLIAM CORDREY, ice dealer in W. Madison, was born near Lexington, Ky., February 11, 1828, the son of John and Malinda (Johnson) Cordrey. The father was a native of Maryland, the mother of Kentucky. His father settled on the hill near Madison, Ind., in 1828, on a farm; afterward opened in the grocery business, and continued in that for about ten years. He died in 188!), seventy-five years old. Mr. William Cordrey was reared in Madi- son, has farmed and followed carpentering ; engaged also in the grocery business, and boated on the river. The last fifteen years of his life he has been in the ice business. He started in life a poor boy, and by his pluck, honesty and perseverance has made for himself a good living. He has a com- fortable home in West Madison, and owns twenty acres of land adjoining the city of Madison, and considerable real estate in West Madison. He is a good citizen, a member of the Trinity M. E. of many years standing, and a leading man in his church. In the year 1849 he was married to Miss Vashti Smith, a native of Bartholomew county, Ind. They have had three children, of whom two only are living — James W., and AnnaM., wife of James Crozier, Audi- tor of Jefferson county. Mr. Cordrey is a member of I. 0. 0. P. He was out with Gen. Geo. Morgan, at Cumberland Gap, during the war. J. RODOLPHUS CONWAY, farmer, Smyrna township, Jefferson county, Ind., is the son of John and Emily (Hoagland) Conway, and was born in Hunter's Bottom, Trimble county, Ky., August 17, 1836. He came to Indiana in 1840, with his parents, and located on the land where he now resides. He attended the common schools of the county. Mr. Conway and his two sisters own 115 acres of land, on which they now live. His parents were both of them natives of Kentucky ; his father was born on December 27, 1800, and died December 5, 1867. His mother SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 219 died July 29, 1880, at the age of 77 years. His father owned 270 acres of the finest quality of land in the township. He al- ways raised large crops of wheat and corn. The farm was called Egypt by the neigh- bors on account of the corn raised upon it. One crop of corn produced 95 bushels of com to the acre on thirteen acres. The same year, in an adjoining field of sixteen acres of wheat, the product was thirty-eight bushels to the acre. This crop of wheat brought two dollars in gold per bushel. This was during the Russian war, in the year 1856. Mr. John Conway, the father, was, for a great many years, school and township trustee for his township. He was a member of Hopewell Baptist Church. He was a raiser of a great deal of stock ; he raised one hog — of a litter of seventeen pigs — that weighed 606 pounds net, and was not fat either. Another large animal of his rearing was a Durham steer that weighed 1,260 pounds at two years of age. He was a man who took a great interest in raising stock. On his farm was a great deal of very large walnut timber ; the stump of one tree measured five feet and two inches in diameter. There is also one of the largest grapevines in the country on this farm; it measures forty-six inches around the body; it is on a beech tree. There is also a large poplar tree on the place which is five feet through and is one hundred feet high ; it is covered by a vine of the American ivy ; this vine covers it all over. There is a cave on the place, and when the beech leaves blow under or into the cave, they are petrified by the lime- stone water that drips on them ; the leaves decay and leave their impression on the stone. This is the finest land in the county, lots of walnut timber and some blue grass. The subject of this sketch has four brothers and two sisters : John, Cor- nelius, Thomas, Edward, Mary and Cor- nelia. His sisters live with him. Edward is married and a farmer of this township. Thomas is a large farmer in Jackson county; Cornelius died in 1861 ; John is a farmer of Crawford county, Ind. Mr. Conway's grandfather, John Conway, was born in Culpepper county, Va., in 1770, and died in the house on this farm, at the age of 93 years 1 month and 3 days. E. S. COYLE was born October 16, 1854-, in Madison, Ind., and was brought up in this city and attended the public schools. After leaving school he appren- ticed himself to learn the moulder's trade, and served over three years. In 1873 he went to Johnson's starch factory, and took the job of papering starch, and continued there for three years. In 1880 he engaged in the saloon business, and continued in that for eight years. In 1887 he engaged in the hardwood lumber business, and is still in that business, and has been quite successful. His parents were both of Irish descent. Thomas Coyle, his father, was born in Bal- timore, Maryland, and came to Madison, 220 JEFFERSON COUNTY Indiana, where be learned the trade of ma- chinist, at which he worked for a number of years. He was killed while engineer at Johnson's starch works. ifis mother's maiden name was Ladosky McClaran. She was born in Kentucky, and came to Indi- ana when quite young, and died at an early age, leaving a family of four children, two boys and two girls, the subject of our sketch being the oldest. JAMES CRAIG, deceased, was born April 20, 1807, in Ireland, near Belfast. He was married in 1834 to Miss Margaret Roberts, daughter of Mr. John Roberts, of Belfast, Ireland, a noted merchant in the linen business. In 1838 Mr. Craig came to America, leaving Belfast in May of that year. He engaged in the coal business in Pittsburgh, Pa., for about two years, when he came to Jefferson county, Ind., and settled on a farm in Monroe township, where he con- tinued to reside to the end of his life. He died, after a short illness, at his home, May 26, 1876. In later life, he combined farming and school-teaching as his professions, and was an energetic man in both lines of busi- ness. He occupied many positions of profit and trust at the gift of the voters of his township, with credit to himself and benefit to the township. He was a promi- nent Mason. He was a man of strong con- victions, and when once fixed in an opinion would hold out tenaciously. He was a kind father and husband and a strong friend. He enlisted, with four of his sons, in the Sixth Indiana Regiment, and served until he was disabled, when he returned home and taught school the balance of his life. He had many of the prominent men of the county and State among his pupils. His family consisted of ten children, viz: Charlotte, Maggie, William R., John T., George D., Lizzie, Robert T., Susan, Hunter (died when two years old) and James. His widow resides on the old homestead, with her youngest son, James. JOHN CRAWFORD, blacksmith and farmer, was born in Scotland, in 1842, in Ayrshire, and emigrated to America in 1856, and settled in Jefferson county, Ind. He worked four years at farming, and then commenced to learn the blacksmith trade. In 1864 he was married to Mary Scott, daughter of John Scott, a native of Scot- land. The same year he enlisted in Co. B, One hundred and fortieth Reg. Ind. Vols, and served to the end of the war ; was in all the battles of the regiment. Came home and settled to work at his trade, and has been at that and farming ever since. He is a first-class mechanic, and has the best shop and tools in the county. His SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 221 business is the repair of farming ma- chinery, principally. He owns ninety acres of land, well improved and good land. He has five children : Ada, James, Scott, Harry and Agnes, of whom the eldest is married and lives in Jefferson county ; the others are at home. Mr. Crawford received but a limited edu- cation, but is determined that his children shall have a better one than he had. His father's name was James Crawford, who died before his son was five years of age, leaving him to make his own living ; which he has succeeded in doing by his own good and honest labor and thrift. Mr. Crawford is a good citizen and honored by his neigh- bors. WILLIAM W. DEMAREE, farmer, was born in Jefferson county, November 3, 1839. He is a son of William Underwood and Marietta (Wagner) Deniaree, natives of Kentucky and New Jersey. There were three generations of the Demaree family who settled, at early dates in this century, in Jefferson county, viz : Samuel, the father, who came in 1812, and entered a very large tract of land ; Daniel, his son, and William U., a grandson. Dan- iel came from Shelby county, Ky., bringing his son, William TJ., with him, who was but a boy at the time. William U., the father of William W., lived until November, 1880, when he died. He built the Madi- and Canaan Turnpike principally him- self, and was regarded as one of the most enterprising and progressive farmers in Jef- ferson county. The land upon which Mr. Demaree, the subject of tbis sketch, now lives was entered by his great-grandfather, Samuel Demaree. The Demaree family was well represent- ed in the army in all the wars of this coun- try, Mr. William W. Demaree being one of the representatives in the late war, en- listing in Co. A, 55th Reg. Ind. Vol. Inf., for three months in 1862, and was out over four months. Since the war Mr. Demaree has engaged in farming. He is the superintendent and treasurer of the Madison and Canaan Turnpike Company, and has been since his father's death. He was married to Miss Susan E. Lee, of Jefferson county, in 1876. They have five children : Hattie, Maud, Marietta, Anna E., Ida May and William Buford. Mr. Dema- ree owns 200 acres of valuable land. THOMAS DOW was born February 22, 1844, in Jefferson county. His parents were William and Agnes (Scott) Dow ; they were natives of Scotland, and came to the United States in 1S18. Both are dead; his father died in 1866, aged seventy; his mother died in 1872, aged seventy-one. Mr. Dow was raised upon a farm, and 222 JEFFERSON COUNTY lived there until 1874, when he came to Madison and engaged in the agricultural implement business, in which he continued for one year. In 1875 he formed a part- nership with Mr. W. P. Brown, in the lum- ber trade, which business he is still in. They have been making walnut lumber a specialty. They have the largest lum- ber yards in the city. They have lately bought a large saw-mill and lumber yard, covering the block of ground between Front and Second, and Plum and Vemon streets, and are operating that in connection with their other yard. Their office is on Mul- berry street. Mr. Dow was married in 1874 to Miss Minnie Witherspoon, of Switzerland coun- ty, Indiana. He has four living children : Thomas C, Willie S., James E. and Ella M. Mr. Dow is a member of the Masonic order. ISAAC C. EAEHART is the son of John and Sarah (Wood) Earhart. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, and his mother of New Jersey. They moved to Ohio in 1792 and settled near Fort Washington, now Cincinnati; they then moved to Williamsburg, Clermont county, Ohio, where the subject of this sketch was born on July 24, 1824; from this place they moved to Newtown, Hamilton county, same State, in 1826, and from Newtown to Jefferson coun- ty, Ind., to a place known as McCellands Mills, in 1837. John Earhart was a carpenter by trade, and Isaac, the son, learned the same trade with his father. The father died in 1869, February 16, at the age of 89; was born October 20, 1780. His mother was born in 1778, and died November 30, 1859, at the age of 81. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of Ohio and Indi- ana. He worked at his trade and farming until 1855, when he bought James Park's saw-mill in Republican township, and ran it until 1862, when he sold it. He then went to farming and worked at that until 1866 in this township, when he bought the Jordan saw-mill, also in this township, and ran that for two years. He sold that and bought the Kent mills, and run that for eight years, when he sold it and went to farming again on what was known as the Marshall farm. He con- tinued on this fcirm for four or five years, when he sold it and bought the Paris flour- ing mills at Paris, Jennings county; this was in 1883, when he moved to Paris and continued to run that mill for three years. On account of the health of his wife he came back to Republican township, Jeffer- son county, and took charge of the Kent flouring and saw mills, where he is still engaged in business, doing a large sawing business. He was married December 24, 1845, to Miss Rowena Hays, daughter of Samuel Hays, a farmer of this county. She died after giving birth to a boy baby, who lived only eight days, on January 2, 1847. Mr. Earhart was married again February 6, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 223 1848, to Miss Isabella Jones, the daughter of Thomas Jones, a prominent farmer of this township, by whom he had one child, Albert. Albert is married to Miss Jane Kelley, and has five children. Mr. Earhart is a member of the Masonic Order ; also a member of the M. E. Church. He was elected Justice of the Peace of Smyrna township in 1849, and served but a short time and resigned. In 1858 or '59 was elected Township Trustee of Republi- can township, and served until .1 864. He was the Democratic nominee for County Auditor in 1S72, and was beaten by only ISO votes, the Republican majority being then 800 in the county. In 1878 was the Democratic nominee for Sheriff of the county, and was beaten by ballot box stuff- ing. Mr. Earhart is still a strong Democrat, always has voted that ticket, and will con- tinue to do so, so long as the Republican platform is not as good as the Democratic. JOHN W. GORDON (deceased) was born in Jefferson county, November 30, 1828, and was the son of William Gordon, who was bom in Kentucky, July 10, 1795. His mother, Anna R. Warfield, daughter of John Warfield, was bom in Kentucky. Mr. John Gordon was raised a farmer, and educated in the old way. He was married January 17, 1850, to Miss Sarah A. Benefiel, daughter of Wm. B. and Phcebe Benefiel, and was bom in Jef- ferson county in 1 823. The result of this union was seven children : Wm. H. H., Lewis E., Albert S., John C. F., Mary J., Sarah F. and Phcebe A. All live in Jeffer- son county but John C. F., who lives in Kansas. Mr. Gordon died February 1, 1875. He had accumulated some valuable property, owned 160 acres of land. Was a consis- tent member of the M. E. Church, a good citizen, honored and respected by all who knew him, a model husband and father. After his death his wife succeeded in raising and educating the family. Phcebe, the youngest daughter, has taught school for two years. The boys are all fanners. Mrs. Gordon is a devoted member of the Presbyterian Church. HIRAM FRANCISCO, Sr., is a farmer, but on princely scale. He owns and farms 1,800 acres of land in one body. He. is one of the most influential and advanced farmers in the county and wholly self- made. He was bom in Auburn, Cayuga county, N. Y., and was the son of David and Per- sis (Morley) Francisco, who were natives of New Jersey and Massachusetts respect- ively. The name of Francisco is probably of Spanish origin. The subject of this sketch was reared upon a farm. He commenced life for him- 224 JEFFERSON COUNTY self, chopped cordwood to get money to come to Indiana, in 1840. Was agent for three years for a clock firm and wheat-fan firm, hoth selling and collecting for same ; then he sold clocks for fifteen years for himself, and since then has been a farmer and ex- tensive trader, principally in live stock, and is a natural, or born trader. He settled on the place where he now lives in 1843; it is well improved in all points, and is as fine a farm as there is in the county, and is well stocked with regis- tered stock and cattle. He owns in all eleven farms. Mr. Francisco was married, in 1S43, to Miss Mary McNutt, of Switzerland county, Ind. They have four children : Oliver, Annie, George and Hiram. In 1870 Mr. Francisco was nominated by the Democratic party of this county for the State Senate, and overcame 700 Kepub- lican majority, being elected by a majority of seventy-two over Col. W. T. Friedley. He was the first Democratic Senator elected from Jefferson county for twenty-five years previous to that time, and there has not been one elected since by the Democratic party. HIRAM FRANCISCO, Jr., attorney and counselor at law, Madison, Ind., is a native of Jefferson county, and was born January 28, 1851. He was brought up on a farm, attended the common schools of the county; also attended a private school in Shelby county, Ky., in 1866-67. In 1869 he commenced reading law in the office of Harrington & Korbly, of Madison, Ind. He was admitted to the bar in 1872, and in 1874 began the prac- tice at Indianapolis, with Mr. Harrington as a partner, and remained there for one year, and in 1875 returned to Jefferson county. In 1877 he came to Madison, and resumed the practice of law there. In 1878 formed a partnership with E.G. Leland, under the firm name of Lelaiid & Francisco. This firm continued until Feb- ruary, 1880, when Mr. Francisco formed a partnership with Capt. A. D. Vanosdol, under the firm name of Vanosdol & Fran- cisco ; they are still together, and is one of the strongest law firms in the county. Mr. Francisco is a member of the K. of P. He was married, in 1877, to Miss Louisa Otto, daughter of Mrs. Annia M. Otto, of Madison, Ind. They have five children, all girls : Mary, Helen, Louisa, Martha and Georgia. His father and mother are Hiram and Mary (McNutt) Francisco, of Wirt, Jeffer- son county, Ind. THOMAS J. FEANCISCO is a native of Jefferson county; was born in Madison township, Jan. 4, 1839, and was brought up in the city and attended the city schools. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 225 His parents were Alonzo and Ursula (Ellison) Francisco. His father was born in Cincinnati, 0., and raised there. His mother was born in New Jersey, but was raised in Ohio. They came to Indiana and located at Madison in 1837, where they have lived ever since. His father died September 20, 1885, aged seventy. His mother is still living, in her sixty-ninth year. His father was a butcher. Mr. Francisco, after leaving school, went to work for Mr. James Middleton, in order to learn the trade of butchering, and con- tinued with him until 1864. In the same year he started in business for himself, having to borrow the money to start on, and has continued in this busi- ness, and from a financial standpoint has been a success ever since. Mr. Francisco owns a handsome resi- dence just outside the city limits, and a farm of one hundred acres, on the Graham Road, four miles from town. He is en- gaged pretty largely in feeding stock on this farm, carrying an average of one hun- dred cattle during the winter. He is one of the thorough business men of Jefferson county, and deserves his success as there- suit of his labors. Mr. Francisco was married, February 20, 1861, to Miss Mary A. Grensling, a na- tive of Madison. They have three chil- dren : Annie L., Gilbert E. and Maud L. Mr. Francisco joined the I. 0. 0. F. at the age of twenty-one years. Is also a member of the Masonic order. CAPT. RUFUS GALE, farmer, Monroe township, the subject of this sketch, was born in Madison in 1831. His father, Elmore Gale, was born in Massachusetts, Nov. 28, 1795. He came to Madison on a raft, in Nov., 1813, and was therefore one of the early settlers of the city and county. Elmore Gale and his father Bufus Gale (who was a native of New Hampshire, bom in 1771, and was a great bee fancier), settled on a farm which is now a part of the lower end of the city of Madison. He married Miss Elizabeth Brown, who was the daughter of Thomas Brown, a native of Maryland, who was an early settler at Madison. He was Associate Judge of the county in early days, and was a prominent business man of Madison in the pork busi- ness. Capt. Gale was raised in the city of Madison, and attended the common schools of the place. He enlisted in the United States service, in the 6th Beg. Ind. Vols. in the three mouths' service ; was among the first sworn in in the State ; was mustered in as first lieutenant of Co. E, and served as such till the close of the term. He then re-enlisted in the 39th Beg. Ind. Vols. (8th Cavalry) in September, 1861; he was mustered in as captain of Co. H, and served until August, 1865, and was with his regi- ment in all of the principal battles of the regiment. The most noted of these cam- paigns was with Gen. Sherman, from Shiloh to North Carolina, known as the march to the sea. The regiment was Gen. Sherman's escort at the time of Gen. Johnston's sur- 226 JEFFERSON- COUNTY render. After the war Capt. Gale returned home, and was elected County Auditor of Jefferson county, and served for two terms. After his second term as Auditor expired, he engaged in farming in Monroe township, where he still resides upon his farm of 100 acres of well-improved land. In 1870 he was married to Miss Harriet M. Sering, daughter of John G. Sering, one of the early-born inhabitants of Madi- son. Mr. Sering was one of the first queensware merchants of the city. He and his father-in-law, Mr. John Mellen, were the first firm who dealt exclusively in china, glass and queensware. Mr. Sering was Clerk of the county for many years. NICHOLAS GASAWAY (deceased) was born November 1, 1806, in Clark county, Ind., near the Gasaway Church, the second Methodist society formed in the State. December 22, 1831, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Jackson, of Jefferson comity, Ind. He removed to this county and located in Smyrna township in 1832, where he continued to reside during the remainder of his life. He was converted and joined the church when only seventeen years old, under the ministry of Eev. James Armstrong, at Shiloh, on Kent Circuit. Many a Methodist preacher remembers the genial face and hearty welcome of this good brother. His home was ever open for the itinerant,when the best was always brought out to grace the occasion. In the theology of Methodism he was well read, — it was his study. New and novel notions found no place in his belief. What the Bible taught, as inter- preted by Wesley, Fletcher, Clark, Watson, he took as the basis of his belief, and con- formed his life to it. To the young min- ister he was a safe counselor and warm friend. Many of the ministers who, at different times, found rest at his home, also found they could obtain the sound- est of instruction from this man of God. He served the church in the capacity of steward for twenty years, and for forty-two years he was a constant reader of the Western Christian Advocate. He died in 1879, at the age of 72 years. He left a widow and seven children, three boys and four girls — Elmore Y., Wilber F., Charles D., Margaret, Mary, Louisa and Clara. Elmore Y. is married and living in Chicago, where he is agent of the Pacific Express Company. Wilber F. is married and farming in Kansas. Charlie D. is living in Chicago, and is agent of the American Express Com- pany. Margaret is living in Grand Forks, Dak., with her son Miles E. Harbin. Louisa is married to E. L. Smalley, a lawyer, and is living in Waverly, Iowa. Clara is married to L. C. Tate, a marble dealer at Bloomfield, Ind. Mary is unmar- ried, and lives on the old home-place, which consists of ninety-two acres of fine land, situated just north of Volga. Mrs. Gasaway, widow of Nicholas, died in 1883. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 227 Nicholas Gasaway was school trustee for many years, and was a kind father and a devoted husband. MARCUS AURELIUS GAVITT was born in Madison, Indiana, June 27, 1824, son of M. A. and Elizabeth (Handy) Gavitt. He was brought up in the city, and attend- ed the Presbyterian Sabbath-school. About all of his scholastic education was obtained there. His father was of French origin ; his mother was a Pennsylvania Dutch woman. His father died in 1842, at the age of forty-four years. His mother died in 1835, at thirty-seven years of age. When oidy ten years of age he commenced to make his own living. His first venture was driv- ing oxen. The next he apprenticed him- self to learn' the confectionery and bakery business in 1837, at which he continued for five years. In 1842 he went into a dry goods and gro- cery house as a clerk, and remained one year. Then he hired himself as a team- ster, and drove a team for six years for one man. In 1849 he commenced driving a dray on his own account, and continued this for one year. In 185G was elected City Marshal on the Democratic ticket, and served one year. In 1857 was appointed on the police force of the city, and continued in that place until 1861 ; was then appointed City Marshal, to fill a vacancy caused by the Marshal, Mr. John Gerber, volunteering as a soldier in the war of the Rebellion. Served as a Mar- shal for three months, when he resigned, to join the army himself. In 1861 he went into the 24th Ind. Inf. Vols., and was soon after commissioned Quartermaster of the regiment. Served until May, 1864, when he resigned his com- mission ; coming home entered the auction- eering business, which he has constantly engaged in ever since, excepting the years 1875 and 1876, when he was Sheriff of Jefferson county. He was elected on the Democratic ticket ; at that time the Repub- lican majority in the county was 450 — his majority was sixty-six. Mr. Gavitt was married in 1849 to Miss Clara Denning, of Jefferson county. She died in 1856, leaving two children — Julia and Howard. He married again in 1857, to Miss Emehne Vorhees, who died in No- vember, 1888, leaving two children — Clara and Ida. Clara is married to John Vogel- sang, and lives in Chicago. All of his children are still living. CHARLES H. GEORGE is a native of Jefferson county, and was born December 4, 1849. He is the son> of Thomas D. and Elizabeth (Clark) George, natives of Trim- ble county, Ky., and Cincinnati, Ohio, re- spectively. His grandfather, Milton George, came 228 JEFFERSON COUNTY from Kentucky and settled in Madison township, Jefferson county, in 1830. His maternal grandfather, Capt. Samuel Clark, is a native of Baltimore, Md. ; he came to Madison, Ind., in 1831. He was a steamhoat captain on the Ohio and Mis- sissippi rivers, and lost his life by the ex- plosion of the boilers of the "Gen. Brown," November 25, 1838. Thomas D. George, the father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Trimble county, Ky., and died November 15, 1869, at the age of 45 years. He was a man honored by those who knew him, and was prominent in his own township, holding township offices at one time. He was actively engaged in the Baptist ministry during the last fifteen years of his life. Thomas George, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was one of the early settlers of Madison, having taught school there. He was a Revolutionary soldier. Mrs. E. George, the mother of Charles H. George, was one of the earliest jmpils of the Lower Seminary at Madison, Mr. Reynolds being the teacher. Mr. C. H. George owns 172 acres of land. BRUCE GILLESPIE was born Febru- ary 20, 1831, in Dearborn county, Ind. He is the son of Robert and Margaret (Robertson) Gillespie, natives of Scotland. Robert Gillespie was born in Leith, educa- ted in Edinburg, at the School of Medicine. He was a classmate of Dr. Wm. David- son, who practiced medicine for many years in the city of Madison. Margaret Gilles- pie was born at the Frith of Forth. They were married in Scotland, and came to the United States in 1819, and settled in Dearborn county, now Ohio county, Ind. They raised nine children. Dr. Gillespie bought a half-section of land, and made a home for his family on the Frontier. He was the pioneer Doctor of that country, and and lived to see the wild woods of his early home converted into peaceful homes, and towns and villages of Christian people tak- ing the place of wandering tribes of sava- ges. He died in 1846. The subject of our sketch was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He worked at machinery and gun-making in his younger days, and still does that kind of work along with farming. In 1857 he was married to Miss Laura A. Gould, whose father, Sam- uel Gould, was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1797. In 1805 he moved to the State of New York, and settled near Seneca Lake, where he learned the trade of tan- ner. In 1818 he emigrated to the White Water Valley in Indiana; there he married Nancy Wiley, in 1822. In 1S36 he re- moved to Ohio county, Ind. In 1860 he removed to Osgood, Ripley county, Ind., where he remained the rest of his life. He died in 1882. In 1S15 he worked at the same shop with Gen. W. H. Harrison. Bruce and Laura Gillespie are the parents of six children : William R., who gradua- ted at the Ohio Medical College in 1887, and is now practicing in Rising Sun, Ohio SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 229 county — he married Miss Bina Shiverly, of Deerfield, Mo. ; Nellie, married to Dr. Firth, of Madison, Ind., and now practic- ing at Deerfield, Mo; Mary C, married to John Land, living in Deerfield, Mo. ; John B., who lives in Washington Territory ; Stephen B. and George W., who are both at home. Bruce Gillespie owns a fine farm of 135 acres of well-improved land. GEEEN B. GILTNER, Lancaster town- ship, lives on a little farm of twenty acres, which he owns, that lies adjacent to the town of Lancaster, in Lancaster township. He is highly esteemed by his neighbors, as is evinced by the fact of electing him township trustee in the year 18S6, and re-electing him in 1888. He is a good citizen and an up- rigbt, moral man, and a member of the Baptist Church. He was born November 17, 1846, in Smyrna township, Jefferson county ; at- tended the schools of that township ; was married in 1869 to Miss Ella Spielman, of this township ; was elected trustee of the township in 1872; elected justice of the peace in that township in 1876, and lived in that township until 1878. He then re- moved to Lancaster township, where he still resides. He has six living children, three boys and three girls: Leora, Thomas D., Flora, Myra C, Philip and Robert E. He enlisted on the 26th day of September, 1861, in Co. D, Fiftieth Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and served till the 9th of June, 1862, when he was discharged on account of disability. He is a member of the G. A. R. He was appointed Notary Public for Lan- caster township in 1879, but resigned this office in the spring of 1886, when he was elected trustee of the township. His parents were Philip and Nancy Jane (Conway) Giltner. His father was born in Bourbon county, Ky., but raised in Hunter's Bot- tom, Trimble county, Ky. ; he came to Indiana when about 21 years old, and settled on a farm in Smyrna township, Jefferson county, where he now lives. His mother was a native of Indiana, and is now living. Mr. G. B. Giltner is a Republi- can. JOSEPH R. GORGAS, photographer, a native of Westmoreland county, Pa., was born Feb. 7, 1829. His parents were William and Ann Gorgas, who were na- tives of Pennsylvania. His father died in 1845, at the age of 56 years. His mother died at the age of 87 years, at her home in Pennsylvania. Mr. Gorgas learned the business of photography in Pittsburgh, Pa. He came to Madison, Ind., in 1853, and engaged as clerk in the dry goods store of Mr. Irhy Smith, where he remained for about three months. He then opened a gallery for photograph- ing, and has continued in that business 230 JEFFERSON COUNTY ever since in Madison, with the exception of about three years, during which time he made an extended trip through the South, on a floating photograph gaUery. He subsequently returned to Madison, Ind., and re-established himself in his business. He has built up a fine trade in this line, having the best in the city. He is a superior artist in his line and deserves the great popularity which is now his. In 1865 he married Miss Delphina Verry, daughter of Mr. John Verry, an old citizen of Madison. He has one child, Anna, who is the wife of Mr. Edward E. Powell, also of Madison. Mr. Gorgas is a member of the I. 0. 0.F. and Knights of Pythias, and is Captain of the Madison Division, No. 10, of K. of P. He has held this office for two years. GEORGE W. GRASTON, dealer in flour, grain, lumber and timber, Dupont,Lancaster township, Jefferson county, Ind., and pro- prietor of the Dupont Flour and Saw-Mill. Mr. Graston was born in Silver Creek town- ship, Clark county, September 20, 1834. He was brought up in Clark county until he was sixteen years of age, when he went to Jennings county and remained there un- til 1854, engaged in farming. In 1854 he went to Shelby county Ind., where he en- gaged in farming for two years, and in the latter part of 1856 returned to Jennings county, and engaged in the milling busi- ness. He remained in this mill for two years, and then came to Jefferson county September 1,. IS 58, where he has been ever since, engaged in the lumber and milling business. On December 15, 1858, he was married to Miss Minerva C. Corya, daughter of Isaac Corya, a farmer of this county. Tbey have a family of seven living children, five girls and two boys, viz : Luella, Mary I., Michael E., Perry A., Laura A., Minuie and Eva. Ella is married to John Dunn, an en- gineer on the 0. & M. R. R., and lives at Deputy, Ind. Perry and Mike are both married ; Mike lives in Dupont, Perry lives in Newport, Ky. Mr. Graston is the son of William and Catherine (Hitch) Graston, who were na- tives of Knox county, Tenn., and came to Indiana in 1829, and settled in Silver Creek township, Clark county. They came on horseback, and brought all their worldly goods with them, also on horseback. Mr. William Graston was a blacksmith by trade. He died in Missouri in June, 1876. His wife died in 1842, at the age of forty years. The subject of this sketch commenced his life without any money, and by energy and industry has made a good living, raised a nice family, and is still doing well. The mill he owns at present is of the roller process, and he does the best work and makes good flour. He is also the largest farmer in the township, having raised in 1886 one hundred acres of wheat, and in 1888 raised one hundred acres of corn. Mr. Graston has built up a large trade in his line of business and employs more men SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 231 than any other person in the township. He pays out more money for hired help anil does more to help the people. He has bought, paid for and shipped $12,000 worth of wheat since harvest; in 18S7 he cut over 1,000,00$ feet of lumber. Mr. Gras- ton is a member of the M. E. Church and is superintendent of the Sunday-school, and also a trustee of the church and one of the stewards of his church. He is a member of the I. 0. O. F. and of the Masonic Order; and is an inflexible Democrat in politics. REV. LOUIS GUEGUEN, Rector of St. Michael's Church, Madison, Ind. Father Gueguen is a native of France, and was born February 25, 1834, near Rostrenen, Department of Cotes du Nord. He gradu- ated from the Ecclesiastical College of Plouguemevel in 1855, and went through the theological course at St. Brieae, the seat of the Department, in the years from 1855 to 1859. He came to the United States in 1859, having, before leaving France, received the order of deacon, and was ordained as priest in Vineennes, Ind., on the 8th day of De- cember of the same year, by Bishop De St. Palais, by whose solicitation he came to this country. After ordination he was ap- pointed as assistant to the Rev. H. Du Ponta- vice, at Madison, Ind., with whom he stayed the better part of one year, when he was called to Washington, Daviess county, Ind., where he was stationed for only a few months. From there he was appointed pastor of a congregation in Floyd county, near New Albany, where he stayed nearly three years, when he came, at the call of his ecclesiastical superior, to the City of New Albany, where he had charge of the Church of the Holy Trinity for a short time. From New Albany he was appointed, in L864, as pastor of a congregation at Loo- gootee, Martin county, Ind., and attending from there two country churches — one in Martin and one in Daviess county — besides having a smaller congregation in Martin county. Being relieved from two of these churches after eighteen months of service, he was retained at the Loogootee and St. Martin Churches, together, for nineteen years, and at Loogootee for twenty-one years. At both of these places he was in- strumental in building churches; and at Loogootee he built a parsonage. In 1885 he was appointed rector of St. Michael's Church, in Madison, Ind., where he has been for over three years. The school in connection with St. Michael's is managed by the Sisters of Providence ; the attendance is about 150 pupils. ALONZO J. HALL, teacher, Volga, Smyrna township, Jefferson county, Ind., is a native of Jefferson county, Ind. was 232 JEFFERSON COUNTY born December 18, 1853, brought up on a farm, was educated in the common schools of the county and graduated in 1S78, at the Lebanon National Normal School at Lebanon, Ohio. After leaving school he engaged in teaching district schools in this county, and has been engaged in this work, principally, ever since; is now teaching Fairview school, in Republican township, this county. He married, in 1885, Miss Mary A. Gasaway, daughter of Mrs. Mary A. Gasaway, of Deputy, Ind. Has one child — Homer G. Mr. Hall is a member of the Lick Branch Baptist Church. He owns a farm of eighty-eight acres of good land, one mile west of Volga postoffice. His parents were Abner and Malinda (Walton) Hall, both natives of Indiana, and now living on a farm in Graham township. Both are members of the Lick Branch Bap- tist Church. His father is a prominent farmer of Graham township. JOHN F. HAMMELL is the son of John and Mary (Aston) Hammell. His father was a native of Salem, Washington county, N. Y., and his mother of East St. Louis. His father settled in Harrison county in 1846; was a teamster in the Thirty-ninth Reg. Ind. Vols., served eighteen months, when he was captured. Being attacked with rheumatism he went home. He was 5S years old when he went into the army. He was born May 31, 1803, and died in 1887. Mr. John F. Hammell, the subject of this sketch, was born in Harrison county, Ind., May 7, 1847. He was the only son of his parents. He was reared in Jefferson county, his father removing to Trimble county, Ky., when he was but four or five years old. In 1 862, August 20, he enlisted in the Eighty-second Ind. Vols, as a private, then being only 15 years old. He served until the close of the war. At the close of the war he worked in the ship-yard until 1 874, when he opened a re- tail grocery, and is now doing a good busi- ness. He owns eleven houses in West Madison, and holds the office of treasurer of West Madison. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., K. of P. and G. A. R. Is Past Post Commander of G. A. R. Was the delegate from the Fourth Ind. Congressional District to the G. A. R. National Encampment, at San Francisco, Cal., in 1886. He is at present Captain of Sons of Vet- erans. He was married, September 22, 1S67, to Miss Sophia Blackard, of Madi- son, Ind., daughter of Peter and Rebecca (Johnson) Blackard, who were Virginians. They have no living children ; but have one adopted daughter. WM. WALLACE HINDS is a native of Madison, Ind., born June 8, 1855 ; brought SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 233 up in Madison, attended the city schools and Hanover College. He is also a gradu- ate of the Commercial School of this city. He became the city editor of the Madi- son Daily Star, June 1, 1880, and con- tinued as such until it was absorbed in the Madison Daily Courier. He was then offered the circulation department of that paper, in January, 1884, which he accepted and held until August, 1S88, when he gave up that position. He was elected one of the trustees of the City Water Works in the spring of 188S, on the Republican ticket against a Demo- cratic majority in the city. The trustees elected him president of the Board, and superintendent of the Water Works, which position he is still holding (Dec, 1888). While with the Daily Courier, he was elected a member of the City Council in 1S85 on the Republican ticket, and was re- elected to the same position in 1886, from fourth ward of the city. Mr. Hinds is an active Odd Fellow and a prominent member of the K. of P. Order, having held the position of Grand Inner Guard of the State, and is now District Deputy. He was captain of the Madison Division No. 10 U. Rank K. of P. He is now president of Walnut Street Fire Co. No. 4. He is an attendant of the Second Pres- byterian Church of this city. Mr. W. W. Hinds is the son of James W. and Ruth C. (Cook) Hinds. His father was a native of Brattleborough, Vermont, born September 24, 1809, and came to Madison, Ind., when a young man. He was a bricklayer and contractor ; he built a great number of houses in Madison and built Hanover College and the court house in Madison. He also engaged in the mercantile business at Madison and in the coal business. He was County Commis- sioner of Jefferson county, and served in the City Council of Madison for a number of years. He was a prominent Republican and was chairman of the Republican County Central Committee for some years. He was a member of the Second Presby- terian Church in Madison. He was a prominent member of the Odd Fellows, having been made at one time Grand Mas- ter of the State, of that order. He was a good citizen. He died May 22, 1878, in the 69th year of his age, leaving a widow and five children ; three boys and two girls. The mother of W. W. Hinds was the daughter of David and Mary Cook and was a native of East Tennessee ; she is still living at the age of seventy-six, and is quite an active, hale woman. She is a member of the Second Presby- terian Church of Madison, Indiana, and is cmite prominent in the work of that church and all other good works of that kind in the city ; a benevolent spirit being one of the chief adornments of her character. She was married to Dr. Joseph F. Lingle, at Paoli, Orange county, Indiana, in 1831. By this marriage she had one son, William Summerfield Lingle, who be- came the editor of the Lafayette (Indiana) Daily Courier, and was a prominent man in newspaper circles of the State. Mr. Lingle was also postmaster of Lafayette for four years. 234 JEFFERSON COUNTY In the year 1836, Mrs. Lingle was mar- ried to J. W. Hinds, and the fruits of this marriage were nine children — five boys and four girls. HENRY JACKSON, farmer, Shelby township, is the son of John Jackson and Matilda Jackman. His father was born in New Jersey in 1801; moved to Tennes- see about 1807, with his father Thomas Jackson, who was in the war with the Indians at the battle of the Horseshoe. They all came to Indiana in 1822. His mother was the daughter of Robert Jack- man, who was from Maryland and also came to Indiana in 1822. She was born in Pennsylvania. They were of Irish de- scent. The subject of this sketch was born on a farm in Jefferson county, in 1 83(3 ; was ed- ucated in the common schools of the county. He was married, in 1858, to Nancy Griffin, daughter of James Griffin, a native of Jefferson county; his people came from Kentucky. Immediately after marriage he removed to Kansas, where he remained ten months, and then returned to Jefferson county, where he still resides. He has six living children — Robert, James, Matilda, Henrietta, Grace and Harry. He owns forty-six acres of well-improved land. He succeeded in giving to all his children a better education than he had. One, Elmer, was educated for a teacher, but died at nineteen from a wound in his hand. Four of his children are married, and all live in Shelby township ; they are all farmers. Mr. Jackson never sought office, and is a good, trusty, honorable citizen. HENRY JINES, farmer, Monroe town- ship, is the son of Silas Jines ; the latter born in Baltimore, Md., Oct. 8, 1812, and came to Ohio, when 19 years of age, with his father's family. They lived there but two years, when they came to Indiana and settled in Jefferson county, Monroe town- ship, in 1835. His father's name was Jacob Jines ; was a brave soldier in the Revolutionary war, and while marching to meet Gen. Ross, was shot by two young Britishers ; and he was a celebrated pioneer preacher, as well as an expert fiddler before he began to preach; he organized Big Creek Church, and helped to build up Marble Church, both in Monroe township. Silas Jines was a soldier in the 6th Reg. Ind. Vols, during the Rebellion, as were his two sons, Henry, the subject of this sketch, and William, who were in the 22d Reg. Ind. Vols., as musicians. Mr. Silas Jines was a prominent free- soiler abolitionist in the days that it took courage, both moral and physical, to stand for the principles avouched by those parties. He was a conductor, and his house a sta- tion, on the Underground Railroad. Henry Jines, subject of this sketch, was born Feb. 27, 1S39, in Hamilton county, SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 235 Ohio, and came to Indiana in 1842, with his father, Silas Jines. He was raised in a cooper shop, and re- ceived a very limited education. On July 4, 1861, he enlisted as a musician in the 22d Reg. Ind. Vol. Infantry, and served until discharged on Aug. 22, 1864. He was in all the thirty-two battles of his regiment except Pea Eidge, at which time he had small-pox. He enlisted as a private in the 16th Mounted Infantry (Ind. Troops) stationed at New Orleans, La. ; he served in this regiment eight months,when he was transferred to the 13th Ind. Cav., under Johnson, on the 19th day of June, 1865. He was honorably discharged from the service of his country on the 13th day of November, 1865. On the 6th day of December, 1865, he was married to Kesiah Kirk, daughter of Joseph Kirk, a Virginian, who came to Kentucky, and then to Indiana, in an early day. The result of this union was six children, viz : James F., Fanny L. J., Hester A., LevinaL., Jacob J. and George W. Mr. Jines is postmaster at Faulkner ; is a charter member of John A. Hendricks Post, G. A. E., and was Adjutant of the Post three years, and Surgeon one, and now this year Junior Vice Commander. He owns nineteen acres of land. It would seem that a vein of martial mu- sic ran through the blood of the Jines family, as the two paternal great-grand- fathers of Henry Jines and Dean were fifers in the Eevolutionary war ; then, jump- ing over two generations, Henry and his brother William served as filers in the late war, serving four years one month and sixteen days. HENEY CLAY JONES, of Madison, Ind., is the son of Joshua E. and Eachel (Coons) Jones, natives of Eoss and Hamil- ton counties, Ohio. He was born Septem- ber 26, 1837, in Cincinnati. When he was only two years of age his mother moved to Jeffersonville, Ind., his father having died previous to this time; there she remained for about two years, and moved to Madison, Ind., in 1841. Mr. Jones afterward went back to Jeffersonville, to his grandfather Coons, and attended school. In 1858, he engaged in the grain and produce business in Madison, Ind., in which he continued till 1866. At this time he engaged in steam and flatboating to New Orleans and up the Kentucky river, and followed this business up to 1876, since which time he has been engaged in the log and lumber business. He has fur- nished large lots of lumber for the Govern- ment work upon the Ohio and Kentucky rivers. He, with Mr. Wm. Kirk, took the contract and built the Eising Sun dike, and he was one of the contractors to fur- nish the lumber for Dam No. 1, on the Kentucky river, and for the Portland dike at Louisville, Kentucky. Is now in saw- mill at Madison, Ind. Mr. Jones was married on December 18, 1859, to Miss Margaret Bishop, and has three living children: Elmer G., Eichard J. and Euth P. His Grandmother Jones lived to the 236 JEFFERSON COUNTY very old age of 97 years, died near Chilli- cothe, Ohio. His mother died in Madi- son in 1871, at 63 years. WILLIAM JOHNSON, farmer, Shelby township, was born in the State of Ken- tucky, March 1, IS02. He was the young- est child of Thomas Johnson, a native of Virginia, who took a trip down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers about the year 1804 and never returned. William Johnson's mother moved near Lexington, and afterward to Shelby county, Ky. Her family consisted of three boys and one girl. At the age of 23, Mr. Johnson came to Indiana ; he landed at Madison, which was then a very small town. He settled in Shelby township, on the farm where he now lives with his son, and built himself a stone house, in which he has always resided. Previous to this, however, at the age of twenty-one, he was married to Miss Nancy Spaulding, daughter of Eobert Spaulding, a native of Virginia and one of the pioneers of Ken- tucky. He and his wife were the parents of ten children : William, Sally A., Jordan, Rhodes, Henry, Elizabeth, Miranda, Mary Jane, Francis and John. Of these all are living but Sally A. and Elizabeth, and all live in Jefferson county but William and Mary Jane, who both live in Kansas. Mr. Johnson's wife died July 31, 1880. He has never held an office. He was edu- cated in the log school-house days, when the chimney was in the corner of the house, and the education was of a limited and poor character. When he first settled in Indiana, two or three months were spent every spring at log rollings, until the land of his neighbors was cleared and their bouses built. In those early days the equipment of a farmer, in the way of tools, was a bull-tongue plow and a chopping axe ; some time after the wooden mould board plow was introduced ; then came the old Barshear, which were considered in their .day as superior in kind as the advanced machinery of the present day is now. Trace chains were a luxury belonging to the richer class of farmers — the poorer were content with hickory wythes. Mr. Johnson has laid off corn ground without either line or collar. John E. John- son, the third son of the above, and with whom he makes his home since death of his wife,was born November 4, 1830, on the farm where he now lives, and was raised a farm- er. August 14, 1S62, he was married to Cynthia Barber, daughter of James Barber, a farmer of Jefferson county. They have but one child — Ettie L. Mr. John R. Johnson was a soldier in Co. C, Eighty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteers, and was in all the principal engagements of his regiment during the time of service. He is a member of the A. 0. Bachman Post, No. 26, G. A. R. He is a prominent member of the Baptist Church. He owns 67 acres of good, well- improved land. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 237 EDWARD KAMPE, merchant, corner Third and Walnut streets, Madison, Ind., was a native of Germany, born in 184-0, June 29. He came to the United States with his parents when only twelve years of age, and located in Madison. He attended the common schools of the city, and after leaving school learned the trade of a carpenter, which he continued to work at until 1SG5, when he engaged in his present business, that of dry goods and grocery store ; he also handles feed and all kinds of seed. Mr. Kampe has continued at this business at the same place ever since, and has built up a large trade, and has been very successful. He is one of the principal stockholders and one of the direc- tors and vice-president of the First Na- tional Bank of Madison. Is also one of the stockholders and vice-president of Building Association No. 5. Mr. Kampe is a Mason and a member of the German M. E. Church. He is also a correspondent of the German National Bank of Cincin- nati, collecting much money for the Ger- mans through them. He is a notary pub- lic, and is a stockholder in the Firemen and Mechanics Insurance Company of this city, and has held stock in most all of the enterprises of the city. He was married, in 1866, to Miss Cecelia Grebe, daughter of Jacob Grebe, an old settler of this city, and a prominent busi- ness man for many years; in the latter part of his life lie was a farmer. Mr. Kampe has one child, a son, Wesley, wlio is now a student at Hanover. His parents were George and Anne (Von Disen) Kampe. His father is still living in Madison, at the age of 74 years. His mother died in 1875, at the age of 62 years. Mr. Kampe is one of Madison's best business men. FBANCIS M. LANDON, Lancaster, Lan- caster township, was born in Hamil- ton county, Ohio, November 23, 1832 ; is the son of William and Elizabeth (Riggle) Landon. His father was born in Kentucky, December 22, 1810; his mother was bora at Walnut Hills, Ohio, October 7, 1811. They were married at Walnut Hills, Feb- ruary 12, 1828, and raised a family of five children, of whom Francis M. is the second child. His father was a miller and farmer of this county, and died October 9, 1863, at the age of 53 years. His mother died January 2, 1S0O, at the age of 49 years. His parents removed from Ohio to Scott county, Ind., when he was an infant, and about five years after removed to Jefferson county, and located on Big creek, his father buying what was known as "Settle Mill," a flour, grist and saw-mill. His father farmed, also. The subject of this sketch attended the common schools of this county. He was married, April 15, 1856, to Miss Malinda Zenor, daughter of David Zenor, who was born at Harper's Ferry, Ya., of Ger- man parentage, and who died in this county, January 5, 1SS7, at the age of 80 years. Francis M. Landon and wife have five 238 JEFFERSON COUNTY children, one boy and four girls : Eliza- beth, William A., Jennie, Agnes and Clara. Mr. Landon commenced the milling busi- ness when only twelve and one-half years old, and has been engaged at the same business ever since. He took charge of the mill at that early age because the failing sight of his father incapacitated him for the work. Francis M. and his brother George built a new mill in 1S56, a stone structure, 37x40, four stories high, with capacity of 100 barrels per day, at a cost of $10,000. It was destroyed by fire in 1869. His father was in debt at the time, but the young man succeeded in making a living, and paying the debt, and at the same time building up a large trade, which has remained with him ever since. His long experience has made him thorough in all departments of the mill, so that when he gets any improved ma- chinery he is able to put it up himself, also can repair almost anything about the mill. Except for a few months of that time that he was in Jennings county, the whole of that time has been spent in Jefferson county. The mill he is now running is located at Lancaster; it is a merchant custom mill (Hour and grist). His son William A. is now with him in the mill, the firm being Landon & Son. In 1878 Mr. Landon was appointed county commissioner, to fill the unexpired term of James Baxter, and in 1880 was elected county commissioner for the term of three years, on the Eepublican ticket. Mr. Landon is a member of the Baptist Church at Lancaster. Mr. Landon has been successful jn his business, and very few who have started out to make their fortunes at so young an age as he have succeeded so well. Honesty in business and probity of life have been his rule of life, and once a friend of his always a friend has been the result. He has now custom- ers who have dealt with him forty-five years. Such a testimonial is vouchsafed to few men in this world. Mr. Landon is in remarkably good health for a man who has been so long engaged in the milling business, night and day. He deserves his success as the reward for such persevering labor, as well as for his pluck. A boy who at that age was laden with the reponsibility of a family and of debt, is seldom able to come out from under the load, and if he does is usually soured. Mr. Landon is as cheery as if everything had gone smoothly for him in this world, and does not show in his manner the troubles lie has come through. JOHN W. LINCK, attorney-at-law, was born in Jennings county, Indiana, Decem- ber 7, 1843. He was the son of Frederick E. and Esther (Todd) Linck, who were na- tives, the father of Germany, and the mother of Ireland. His father came to the United States when sixteen years old. He was a farmer and teamster. John W. Linck, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the common schools and at Asbury College — now DePauw Uni- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 239 versity — at Greencastle, Indiana, which he attended for two years after leaving the the army. On June 19, 1861, he joined Co. K, 13th Ind. Inf. Vols., as a drummer hoy ; was out in the field in active service, over three years, in that capacity, and was in all of the battles in which his regiment fought dur- ing that time. He began the study of law in 1866, un- der the Hon. William Hale, of Iowa. He attended the lectures at the law school at Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tennes- see. He returned to Madison, Indiana, and continued the study of law in the office of Messrs. Allison & Friedley, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1867. During the time of studying in the office of Allison & Friedley, he was elected Justice of the Peace, and served as such, for the double purpose of continuing his studies and of maintenance, as he was quite poor. He was appointed Deputy Prosecuting Attorney, which office he held for two years, and was also City Attorney for two years. He was appointed by Gov. Baker, Prosecutor of the Criminal Court of Jefferson county, upon its organization, and was afterward elected, and held the office for nearly four years, or so long as the court was in existence. He was United States Commissioner from 1874 to 1877. He was director of the Indiana State Prison, South, for four years, up to 1880, when he resigned, before the expiration of his commission, in order to accept the place of elector for the Fourth Congression- al District of Indiana on the Garfield ticket. From 1881 to 1885, he was postmaster at Madison. In 1886 he was elected as Representative from Jefferson county to the State Legislature. While in the House of Representatives he was chairman of the committee of public buildings; chairman of the special election committee; also chairman of one branch of the committee on prisons. He was re-elected in 1888, Representative from Jefferson county on the Republican ticket. In politics he is a Republican. He was married in 1868, to Miss Julia LaCroix, of Nashville, Tenn., who died in 1870, leaving one child, Stella Esther, and was again married to Miss Mina Frevert, who died in 1884, leaving one child, Lizzette. Mr. Linek is a member of the G. A. R., and the order of Masons, of the I. 0. 0. F., Red Men, of the Grand Lodge of U. 0. and K. of G. R. He was an original stock- holder in the Madison Woolen Mills. He .assisted in organizing the Madison Stove Foundry, and was its first secretary. He was also one of the original stockholders in the Cotton Mill. He is a member of Fire Co. No. 1., of Madison; and a member of the M. and M. Club, Board of Trade. Mr. Linck owns 160 acres of land in Jefferson county, Ind., and a fine orange grove in Florida, together with several houses in the city of Madison. 240 JEFFERSON COUNTY ZEPHANIAH LLOYD, farmer, Republi- can township, Jefferson county. The subject of this sketch is a farmer, and has always resided on a farm, having been born on one. He was born in Somerset county, on the eastern shore of Maryland, in the year 1805. Mr. Lloyd was left an orphan when only five years of age ; his mother died when he was only three months old. He was reared by his half-brother, Mr. Tubmond Wright, and came West, and settled in Switzerland county, Ind., in the spring of 1817, when he (Lloyd) was only twelve years old. He re- mained with his half-brother until 1822, when he was seventeen years old, when he came to Jefferson county, where he has re- sided ever since. His brother Tubmond Wright died in March, 1828, at the age of 39 years ; he was a farmer of Switzerland county, Ind. Mr. Lloyd was married, in 1824, to Miss Anna Latimore, who was a native of North Carolina, and came to Indiana in 1811, with her father, Daniel Latimore, who was a farmer of this county. Mrs. Lloyd died September 23, 1881, at the age of 81 years and 8 months. She was a member of the M. E. Church for sixty-two years. Mr. Lloyd has raisednine children, and has lived to see them all mar- ried — six girls and three boys, viz : Isabel, Elizabeth, Ehoda, Jane, Rebecca, Delpha, Oliver, Zephaniah, and Marion. Rebecca died January 31, 1868; Elizabeth died June 28, 1882 ; Rhoda died August 1, 1883. Mr. Lloyd bought the eighty acres of land upon which he now lives in 1830. Mr. Lloyd is the only one of his family now living ; he is one of the oldest citizens now in the county, and is a good citizen, a man who is well liked by his acquaintances, respected by his neighbors, and loved by his friends. He now resides in the family of his son, Zephaniah, who takes care of him, as he is almost blind, so much so as to be unable to read or do any labor which requires sight. In June, 1887, Mr. Lloyd visited his old ■home, in Switzerland county, to attend an old settlers' meeting, it being seventy years since he landed in that county; there were only three persons that were then living in the county, who were still alive. Mr. Lloyd has attended all of the old settlers' meetings of Jefferson county, and says that there are very few of them who are still living. Mr. Lloyd has had a long and useful life, and now, at the age of 83, cannot ex- pect to tarry much longer on earth, but when he is called he will be sorrowed for as for one who has done his duty. Zephaniah Lloyd, Jr. (or young Zeph, as he is called by his friends and neighbors), is married and has a family of two chil- dren, Eva J. and Thomas L. Eva is mar- ried to Orlando Cooperiden, a farmer of this township; Thomas L. is in his sixteenth year, and is at home with his parents. Young Zeph. married Miss Sarah I. Cosby, of Smyrna township. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 241 JOSEPH H. LOCHARD (deceased) was born October 22, 1810, in Cumberland county, Pa. His fatber, James Locbard, was a Revolutionary soldier, of Scotcb birth. After tbe war be came to Pennsyl- vania, and tbere married Mary Hicks (or Heicks), daughter of George Hicks, who was a large land owner in Cumberland county; he was bitterly opposed to tbe matcb, and the young people eloped and were married. Several children were born of this marriage, the youngest of whom was the subject of this sketch. Tbe father emigrated, with his family, to Indiana in 1810, and settled on the site of Brooksburg, on tbe Ohio river, in Jefferson county. He died shortly afterward — about 1815 — and was buried near the mouth of Locust creek, Kentucky. This left the family dependent on the motber and themselves. Tbe mother, who was an invalid, suffering severely with sick headache, died a few years after the father, leaving the family in a strange, wild land without any parental protection or guidance. In his boyhood the subject of this sketch was bound to Mr. James McCarty. During this time clothing and shoes were bard to procure, and tbe boy was compelled to dress in tbe summer in a tow linen shirt as bis entire suit, always barefooted — often he would be barefooted until midwinter. When he first went to Mr. McCarty's his clothing was so wretched that Mrs. Mc- Carty — afterward Mrs. Stewart — pitied him so much that she made his first pair of pants from a large linen apron of her own. Upon the death of Mr. McCarty the boy returned home, and being very desirous of procuring an education, he went to a Mr. Simmons, who was teaching a subscription school in the neighborhood, and bargained with him for a winter's schooling, for which he paid with beans. During this winter he found that he must have a slate in order to succeed with his studies, and how to get it without money was a problem of considerable trouble to study ; after a time he procured work for a day from a neigh- bor, for which he received one bushel of corn in payment, then he worked another day for the use of a horse, and took his bushel of corn to mill, and bad it ground, and then he carried it to Madison (seven miles) and sold tbe corn-meal for eighteen and three-fourth cents, and with that pur- chased a slate. He studied at night by tbe light of burning hickory bark, and thus got a little information which was of very great value to him in after life. He was first married when only eighteen years old, on the 18th of June, 1829, to Miss Nancy Bear, who was born April 5, 1815, and died August 15, 1844. There were three children from this union who were reared to maturity : Vilitta, Solomon B. and Sarah E. Just before this marriage be worked for three months for tbe sum of twelve dollars, with which he bought cloth- ing at Madison, paying prices for it which would now be considered enormous. When first married he made tbe furni- ture for his cabin himself. The bedstead was made by boring holes in tbe house logs for one end of the rails and setting up posts for the other end of the rails ; the 242 JEFFERSON COUNTY rails were made of sapling poles cut in the woods, and the ends dressed down with the axe to a size to fit the holes in the house logs and in the posts ; then across these poles, for a bottom for the bed, were placed smaller poles. The chairs or stools were made by splitting logs of a proper diame- ter and hewing one side smoothly, then boring holes through the slab he put legs to them. About this time he began to chop cordwood for steamboat use. The first winter was spent in chopping wood for a very pious old man, who prayed much. He let his account stand open, not drawing any wages until the last of the wood was cut and delivered at Madison; then he found that the old man had overdrawn his account, and not a cent could be collected for his winter's work. With the money from this wood he had hoped to get a horse and some other property of which he was sadly in need. He continued to chop wood, and in the course of a few years he moved to Ken- tucky, where he owned an interest in a wood yard. From there he returned to Jefferson county, Ind., again in 1840, and settled in the place now known as Manville, where he engaged in a grocery store ; his beginning was on a small scale. A few years later he built a business house in that place, known as Lochard's Store, where he continued to do business until 18G6, when he removed his store to Canaan, Shelby township (his store was formerly in Milton township), where he continued in business until 1878, when he sold out to his two sons, S. B. and C. H. Lochard. From this time he only engaged in his pri- vate business, assisting his sons by advice in their store until March 22, 1887, when he died. Mr. Lochard was three times married ; his second wife was Phoebe Sherman, who had before married George Bear. She was born on the 23d of June, 1819, and died May 18, 1875. There was born one son, Cyrus H., who attained majority, by this marriage. His third marriage was to Anna M. Wick, who survived him about one year. Mr. Lochard served as justice of the peace for about fourteen years ; in his younger days he flatboated on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. He was a prominent Mason. Mr. Lochard was emphatically a self- made man, coming in his old age to a position of ease and affluence ; having started in early life in want, by industry, energy and preseverance and strict appli- cation to business, overcame all obstacles and made himself a success in life as a business man, and in an old age enjoyed the fruits of his labors. He acquired quite a fortune in money and stock. CHARLES V. LOBING (deceased), the subject of this sketch, was born in Jefferson county, March 20, 1827. He was the son of Richard Loring, a native of Kentucky, who came to this county at a very early date. Mr. Charles V. Loring was raised a SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 243 farmer, educated in the common schools of the county. At the age of 23 he was married to Cynthia McClelland, daughter of Eohert and Esther (Benefiel) McClelland. Eohert McClelland came to Indiana in the year 1814. The result of this marriage is three children : Mary, married to John B. Sel- lick ; Mahala and William. Mr. Loring was a man of prominence among his neighbors. He held the office of justice of the peace for one term. He was a member of the Home Guards during the war. He lived on his farm near Bryants- burgh till the day of his death, which occurred January 10, 1888. He was a kind husband and father, a good citizen. He owned a farm of 100 acres of well-im- proved land at the time of his death, where his widow still resides. She is cared for and supported by her son William, who is a good son, therefore a good citizen. JOHN MATHIS (deceased) was a fann- er of Shelby township. He was born in Trimble county, Ky., in 1808. He came to Indiana at an early date, with his mother, who was Miss Mary Warden previous to her marriage to Mr. William Mathis, father of the subject of this sketch. His father died some time before his widow ; and she, with a family of young children, came to this State, and made a new home for them, and raised them to be good citizens. Mr. Mathis was married March 24, 1831, to Miss Elizabeth Lee, daughter of Nathan Lee, who came to Indiana from Kentucky about 1815. Mr. Mathis and wife were the parents of twelve living children : Will- iam W., Nancy A., Mary J., Nathan L., Elijah, Susan, Bachel, Cytha, Elizabeth, Warner H., Malinda, Ealy and Richard. They are all married who are living, but two, Ealy and Richard, who are still at home with their mother, their father having died in 1876. Mr. Mathis was one of the pioneers of this county, and one of its best men. He was a prominent member and earnest supporter of the Baptist Church for forty years before he died. He was liberal and honest with his neighbors, and is much missed by his large circle of friends and relatives. He voted for Mr. William H. Harrison for President in 1840, and was a Whig in politics, and an ardent supporter of Henry Clay. When the old Whig party ceased, he voted the Republican ticket. He owned 115 acres of well-improved land, which is now owned by his youngest son, Richard, who cares for his widowed mother and youngest sister. Three of the sons, William W., Nathan L. and Elijah, served through the whole of the war. William was a Sergeant, and served for five years — he lives in Nebraska ; Elijah lives in Jefferson county, and Nathan L. is a farmer in Kansas. Richard Mathis, the youngest son, was born Jan. 1, 1854, is not married, and is one of the best and foremost farmers of Jefferson county. 244 JEFFERSON COUNTY WM. H. MATTHEWS, county clerk, is a native of Hanover township, Jefferson county, and was born June 16, 1849. The names of his parents are William and Martha (Pogue) Matthews, both natives of Pennsylvania. His mother was raised in Madison, was a member of one of the old families in Madison, and is now dead. His father is still living at the age of 85. Mr. Matthews was raised on a farm and was educated at Hanover College. On leaving the farm he was engaged as a drug clerk. In 1876 he went into the county clerk's office, with Mr. A. L. Shannon, and remained there as deputy clerk for eight years, with Mr. Shannon and Mr. W. E. Jackman. In 1S84 he was elected county clerk. In November, 1882, was married to Miss Mollie DeLaste, of Madison. Mr. Matthews was recently a candidate for re-election to the clerk's office as the nominee of the Republican party, and was elected. BOBEBT MATHEWS is a native of Jef- ferson county, Ind. Was born November 15, 1S37. Is a son of Bichard and Nancy (Jackman) Mathews, who were natives of Kentucky and Pennsylvania. His father settled in Shelby township, this county, in 1818, on a farm. He died in 1869. The subject of this sketch was raised on a farm. In 1862 he joined the Fifty-fifth Begiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry, Co. A, which fought in Kentucky. In 1864 he was married to Miss Nancy A. Demaree, daughter of William U. Deruaree. Two children blesses this union, — Ida and W. B. Mr. Mathews owns 317 acres of land. Has been secretary of the Madison and Canaan Turnpike Company since 1874. This pays about six per cent on capital stock. He is one of Jefferson county's most thrifty and successful farmers. WILLIAM MATTHEWS, farmer, Han- over township, was born in Indiana coun- ty, Pa., January 23, 1S03. In 1812 came to Butler county, Ohio, with his parents, where his father farmed for eighteen months, and then moved to this county. The subject of this sketch was then only twelve years of age, when his father settled on a farm in what is now Hanover townshij), and is consequently one of the earliest settlers of this county. He at- tended the schools, such as they were, log cabins and puncheon seats. There were no public schools in those days. Mr. Matthews has been on the same farm that his father settled on at that time ever since, except one summer spent in Pennsyl- vania. He made three trips to New Orleans on a flatboat — the first in 1820, the second in 1825, and the third in 1833. This coun- try was very wild when he made the first trip. He is perhaps the oldest citizen of the county who flatboated to New Orleans ; and one of the oldest citizens, as he came SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 245 here before Indiana was a State, and set- tled in the woods. He was married in 1832 to Miss Mar- tha Pogue, daughter of John Pogue, who came here from Kentucky, but was a na- tive of Virginia. Mrs. Matthews was one of the pioneer school-teachers of the county. They raised six children, three boys and three girls : Elizabeth, Ellen C, John P., Salome J., Harrison H. and William H. Ellen C. died in the 19th year of her age, May 27, 1S55. Mr. Matthews has served for two years as supervisor of roads. Mr. Matthews is a member of Carmel U. P. Church. He owns 110 acres of land, one and one-half miles west of Hanover, and adjoining Carmel Church, and three-quar- ters of a mile south of the Lexington and Hanover Pike. He is a son of James and Elizabeth (Cole- man) Matthews, both natives of Pennsyl- vania. His father died in his 84th year, and his mother in her 7Cth year. FRANCIS FRESH MAYFIELD, farmer, Wirt, was born in Trimble county, Ky., April 29, 1819, is a son of Joshua and Lucinda (Ouseley) Mayfield, who were na- tives of Kentucky, his mother being a cousin of Governor Ouseley, a former Governor of Kentucky. She died in 1876. His father came to this county and settled in what is now Monroe township, in lS.'Jl ; was a farmer and held the office of Justice of the Peace. He was in good circumstances and a prominent member of the Baptist Church. He died in 1876. He raised eight children, Francis F. being the oldest. Mr. Francis F. Mayfield sold goods and packed pork in Dupont, from 1845 till in 1868. He married, in October, 1850, Miss Adelaide, daughter of Capt. Samuel Wilson, an Englishman by birth, who was an old citizen of Madison. In 1851 and '52 Mr. Mayfield was a member of the State Legislature, and assisted in the revision of the Statutes of Indiana. In 1868 he went to Columbus, and there en- gaged extensively in the pork-packing business, but finally lost heavily. From Columbus he returned to Dupont, in this county, where he lived several years ; during this time he was justice of the peace for that township, for three years. In 1884 he moved to a farm near Wirt. He was provost marshal during the war. He has three sons and five daughters. His oldest son is cashier in bank at Edinburgh ; the younger son also there. Is a Freemason. GEORGE T. MAYFIELD is a native of this county, and was born October 17, 1856. His parents were Jeptha and Emilie J. (Dailey) Mayfield, natives of Kentucky and of Jefferson county, Ind. His Grandfather Dailey was an early settler of this county, from Kentucky. His father was also an early settler 246 JEFFERSON COUNTY here. Mr. G. T. Mayfield received an academic education. He has been deputy assessor of the township, under D. J. Ryker, in 1880. In 1879 was deputy U. S. Marshal of Nebraska, under his uncle Wm. Dailey, who was marshal of that State. In 1880 he started in business in Rising Sun, Ind., and in October, 18S3, commenced business in Wirt — dry goods. He does a business of about $10,000. He was married to Miss Addie W. May- field, of Wirt, in 18S8. Mr. Mayfield is a prominent member of the I. 0. 0. F., and a successful business man. BURDITT MAYFIELD, farmer, is a na- tive of Jefferson county ; was born Aug. 16, 1835; is the son of Joshua Mayfield and Lucinda Mayfield, both of whom were na- tives of Kentucky; both are now dead. Joshua Mayfield was born in Kentucky, and removed to Indiana at an early date. His mother's father, Willis Ouseley, was a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. Burditt Mayfield was raised on a farm and received an ordinary education of the time of his youth. He was married, at the age of 23, No- vember 4, 1858, to Mehitabel Chambers, daughter of Isaac Chambers, of Jefferson county, who was a native of Kentucky, and a pioneer in the settlement of Indiana. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was at the battle of New Orleans. Mr. and Mrs. Mayfield were the parents of only one child, who was born August 25, 1859, and died October 13, 1864. He was elected township assessor in 1886, and now fills that office. He owns forty acres of good land, well improved. He is a good farmer and citizen. JAMES A. McGEE, farmer, Monroe tp. The grandfather of Mr. McGee, whose name was James McGee, was a native of Ireland, a linen weaver by trade. He emigrated from there about 1800, and came to the State of Virginia, where he resided until 1822, when he came to Jefferson county, Ind., where he died. His wife's name was Mary Hook, and she was also a native of the Emerald Isle. Mr. McGee was a soldier in the war of 1812-15, taking the Irishman's side of the fight where England is engaged — that is, against her. There is a relic of his service still preserved in the family of his descendant, James A. McGee, in the shape of a bayonet which the old Irishman carried during his service. In Virginia, in April, 1S02, was born to this pair a son, whom they called William. William came to Indiana, with his parents, and here raised a family. Mr. James McGee was one of their sons, and was born December 21, 1830, in Jef- ferson county, and has made it his home ever since. Mr. McGee was born on a farm, and has been a farmer all his life except while he was engaged in the army. He SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 247 was educated in the schools of bis youth time. In 1855 he married Mehitabel Smith, and they had six children: John W., Albert T., George F., Jennie, Howard H., and Harry S. His wife died in 1871, and he married again in 1877, Sarah C. Mower, who was Henry Smith's widow, daughter of Jacob F. Mower, a native of Wirtemberg, Ger- many. From this union there are three children : Arthur B., Effie E. and Eobert B. Mr. McGee enlisted in Co. H, 40th Ind. Vols., in 1864, and was in the following bat- tles : Spring Hill, Columbia, Overton's Hill, Franklin and Nashville, besides a number of minor engagements. He was in the front rank at the battle of Franklin, Tenn.,' where the regiment went in with seven hundred men, and could muster only one hundred and fifty after coming out. After the war he settled down to the quiet life of the farmer. He owns 151 acres of well-improved land in this county. He is a prominent member of the G. A. B., and is a prematurely old man by reason of his life in the army. He has never been an office seeker, but has held some positions of profit and trust with credit to himself. JOHN F. McKAY, farmer, Smyrna township, was born in the house in which he now resides, May 10, 1831. He was brought up on a farm, and attended the district schools of this county, and com- menced a course of study at College Hill College, but was prevented from complet- ing it by sickness. His parents were George and Elizabeth (Francis) McKay. His father was a native of Barren county, Ky., and came to Indiana with his parents in 1S16, and located at this place, where he continued to reside until his death in 1835. His mother was a native of Ohio ; died May 12, 1849. His Grandfather Alexander McKay was a native of Scotland, and was married in Scotland, died in Jefferson county, Ind., 1819. His Grandfather Francis came to the United States from Ireland, and settled first in Ohio ; afterward came to Jefferson county, and settled two miles east of Dupont, about 1820, where he continued to reside until his death in 1838. He was a weaver by trade, and worked some at his trade in this country. Mr. McKay owns .165 acres of land, 40 timbered, one and one-half miles west of home place. He raises a number of cattle every year. Mr. McKay was never mar- ried. Mr. McKay is a man always ready to help in a good cause, and is well liked by all who know him. He has the esteem of his neighbors, as is shown by the fact that he was elected five years successively as constable from 1855 to 1859 inclusive ; afterward, in 1870, he was elected for two years, but resigned before his term expired. He was appointed County Commissioner tie last day of January, 1887, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Wm. L. Cosby ; the term of office expires 248 JEFFERSON COUNTY this month. Mr. McKay is one of our best citizens. WILLIAM E. McLELAND was born September 21, 1814, in Clark county, Ky., and on the 5th of November of the same year landed with his parents at Buchanan's Station, in the northeast corner of this county. This State was then a Territory. This would make Mr. McLeland one of the oldest living inhabi- tants of this county. He was brought up on a farm until he was seventeen years of age, when he engaged as a clerk in a coun- try store at Canaan, for Mr. Jobn Cain, with whom he remained for about one year. He then engaged as a clerk for Mr. E. S. Ayres, who was a merchant in Canaan. In 1837 he formed a partnership witb bis brother-in-law, Wesley McCoy, and bought Mr. Ayres out, and continued in business with Mr. McCoy for several years, when Mr. McCoy withdrew from the firm. Capt. McLeland then formed a 2)artnership with Mr. E. M. Salyers, and they continued in business until August, 1855, when they closed out their business and came to Madison, Mr. R. M. Salyers as Sheriff of the county and McLeland as his deputy. In 1847 Capt. McLeland was elected Jus- tice of the Peace at Canaan, and held the office for eight years. December 24, 1835, he was married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. E. L. Wilkinson, a Virginian, living at Canaan, and has seven living children, four boys and three girls : Matilda J., who married John D. Schmidlaijp, and lives in Denver, Col. ; Thomas E., living in Shoshone coun- ty, Idaho, County Auditor and Eecorder; Louisa E. died in 1843, two years old; Lizzie E. married Dr. W. A. McCoy, of Madison, Ind. Charles R., druggist ; Hosier Durbin, insurance and real estate business in Denver, Colorado, married Cara, daughter of A. S. Partridge, St. Louis, Mo. ; William 0., secretary F. and M. Insurance Co., Madison, Ind., married Eva S., daugh- ter of D. G. Phillips, Madison, Ind. ; Har- riet N., living at home. In 1S5S the subject of this sketch was elected Sheriff of Jefferson county, on the Eepublican ticket, and served until 1861. He then went into the army as Quarter- master of the Sixth Indiana Vol. Infantry. One year later was promoted to rank of Captain and Commissary of Subsistence, and served on the staff of Gen. R. W. Johnson, of the regular army. At the close of the war was appointed postmaster at Madison. After serving nearly two years was removed by President Johnson, because the Captain did not approve of his politics. Afterward was appointed Assist- ant Assessor of Internal Eevenue, and served five years, when the office was abol- ished. In 1871 he engaged in the manufacture of harness and saddles, in this city, and continued at it until his health gave way and he was not able to work any longer, when he sold out the business in 1880. Capt. McLeland has held the office and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 249 commission of notary public for twenty-ono years, and still holds the commission. In 1884 he was taken with something like paralysis, from which he has not been able since to walk without crutches ; two years of the time was confined to his bed. Capt. McLeland has been a member of the M. E. Church since 1836, and was one of the trustees and a member of the build- ing committee of Trinity Church of this city. Has been a member of Monroe Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., since 1839, and a member of the Encampment for thirty years; also a member of the G. A. E. His parents were Robert and Esther C. (Benefiel) McLeland, both natives of Montgomery county, Ky. His father died in 1853, aged 62 years. His mother died in 1873, at the age of 78 or 79 years. WILLIAM BOBBINS (deceased), the subject of this sketch, was born in Ken- tucky in 1784. He was brought up in perilous times from the wild beast of the country and the still wilder and more cruel men, the Indians. His first visit to Indiana Territory was in 1804, when he came to visit his mother's brother, John Ryker, who had a claim in Eagle Creek Valley, about three miles east of where Madison now is. He brought flour, sugar and coffee to bis uncle, luxuries which were not to be had ;it that time in the little settlement of Indiana. During this journey he saw deer, bears, panthers and various kinds of smaller game. He crossed the Ohio in a pirogue, his horse swimming by the side of the- boat. In 1809 Mr. Robbins settled perma- nently in Jefferson county, or what was afterward so named, making his home with his uncle, Mason Watts, who had built a log cabin two miles north of the present site of Canaan. The Indians were trouble- some about this time, and he enlisted as a ranger, and was several months in that ser- vice, headquarters at Buchanan's Station. The company in which he served was along Indian Kentucky creek, and was com- manded by James McCoy as captain ; this was in 1811-12. He was with Gen. W. H. Harrison when Detroit was taken, and at the battle of the River Thames where Teeumseh was killed ; but just who fired that fatal shot he could never tell. After the war he settled on a tract of land, two and one-half miles north of Canaan, which he bought of the Govern- ment. He was married on the 21st of January, 1 8 1 6, to Elizabeth Wildman, who was the daughter of James Wildman, an early set- tler. He was married by Elder Jesse Yawter. Mr. Bobbins was a great hunter, and kept his family fully supplied with meat by the use of his gun. Game of all kinds was plenty in the forest at that time — beasts and birds. He Was in Madison at the first sale of lots by John Paul and Jonathan Lyons; the lots were about where the court-house now stands ; they sold for about fifteen dollars apiece. 250 JEFFERSON COUNTY The result of his marriage was eight chil- dren, who lived to the age of maturity, viz : Eliza, Mary A., James, Aaron, Elizabeth, Martha, Eyker and John W. ; of these, two girls and four boys are now living (in 1888). Mr. Wm. Robbins died in 1884, at his son Aaron's ; he had been blind for some years. He was a centenarian, and the last of his compeers to pass away to the Spirit Land. His wife died in 1856. He was a member of the Baptist Church for many years before his death. His youngest daughter, Martha, was married to James Christie, February 24, 1846, and to them were born two children: John W. and Mary Elizabeth. Her hus- band died July 11, 1850, and she re-mar- ried in October, 1855, to William B. East, and to them were born five children, viz : George 0., Byker A., Minerva A., Fannie D. and Bailey S. Her second husband died January 26, 1865, and she married a third time, in 1884, to Enos Miles, who died in 1SS7. She still lives in the village of Bryantsburgh. Her eldest son enlisted in the Tenth Reg. Ind. Vols., and served through the war. Mrs. Miles has raised her family almost unaided, and has been successful in giving all of them a good common-school education. She has lived to see all of her children grown and married. She has been an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for some twenty years. JOHN G. MOORE, Recorder of Jeffer- son county, is a native of Madison, and was born October 9, 1834. His father was a Quaker ; he was an early settler in Madi- son, and married Miss Sarah A. Melntyre, daughter of John Melntyre, who came to Madison in 1S14, and was long a merchant of this city. Mr. Moore, the father, was a merchant here, but has been dead many years past. Mr. Moore, the subject of this sketch, was raised in Madison and ed- ucated at the school of Rev. Mr. Adams. In 1862, joined the Fourth Indiana Cav- alry as a private. On June 11, 1863, was promoted to first lieutenant in Commis- sary Department of the regiment ; he re- signed in Jane, 1864, on account of sick- ness. He was in many battles of the regi- ment. Prior to the war was engaged in the drug business in 1855 or '56, and re- sumed that business after the war. He was elected to the City Council from the First Ward twice, it being a strong Democratic ward, and he a Republican. Was subse- quently elected Commissioner of Water Works for the city; also served as City Clerk for one term. In November, 1886, was elected as Recorder of Jefferson coun- ty, and is now holding that office. He was married in 1861 to Miss Adelaide Hill, of Madison. He has no children, having lost five. His wife was a daughter of Dr. Par- ley Hill. He is a member of G. A. R. and I. 0. 0. F. He was a delegate from his district to the National Encampment G. A. R., at Columbus, Ohio, September, 1888. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 251 ROBERT MORTON, farmer, Hanover township, is the son of John and Jeanette (Weir) Morton, who were natives of Scot- land, and came to the United States in 1819. Mr. Morton was horn March 7, 1845, in Switzerland county, Ind., and was brought up in that county until he was eleven years of age, when he came to Jefferson county with his parents, and located in Hanover township. He is un- married and lives on his farm of 89 acres on the Hanover and Lexington Pike, three miles west of Hanover. His farm is well improved and well stocked. He is a great admirer of blooded stock, and is trying to get the best for his farm. He also owns a farm of 86 acres, two miles south of this one. He is a member of Carmel (U. P.) Church, and is one of the trustees of that church. JOHN. W. MORTON is the son of John and Jeanette (Weir) Morton, who were na- tives of Scotland. He was born in Switzerland county, Ind., April 3, 1835. Was raised on a farm and has been a farmer all of his life. In 1864 he joined the 137th Reg. Ind. Vols.; was a private, and was out until near the close of the war. He owns 93 acres of land. He was married in I860 to Miss Rhoda Swann, a native of Jefferson county. She died, and he married Miss Nancy Hastie, of Scott county. He has four children : James, Harry, Robert and Frank. His father located in Jefferson county, in 1857, and died the same year. His mother died in 1875. He has two brothers and five sisters. LOUIS MUTH, farmer, Monroe township, was a native of Bavaria, Germany ; came to this country with his father, John Muth, who settled in New Marion, Ripley county, Ind. Louis learned the tailor's trade, but preferred farming. He married, in 1S72, Miss Margaret Friedersdorff, of Jefferson county, a daugh- ter of Peter Friedersdorff, a native of Hesse- Darmstadt, Germany. The result of this marriage was four children: George, aged 17; William Bright, aged 14; Minnie, aged 11; and Maggie, aged 8. Mr. Muth belongs to the Lutheran Church, and is opposed to secret orders. He owns 150 acres of land, and is a good fanner and a contented man. COL. JNO. N. PATTON, farmer, Monroe township, was born in Belfast, Ireland, about the year 1750; emigrated to this country before the Revolution of 1776-83, and served in that war on the side of the Union Colonies. Among other children born to him was Matthew Patton ; to Matthew was born Hezekiah E. Patton, in Bunkum county, N. C, July 25, 1779. 252 JEFFERSON COUNTY Hezekiah migrated to Indiana in 1814, and settled in Jefferson county, at what is now the site of Mud Lick. Afterward bought Section 21, Township 10, Range 5 North, where he resided until 1850; then removed to North Madison, where he died. Upon this farm, the subject of our sketch, Major (as he is usually called) John N. Patton, was born August 31, 1825. He was raised on a farm, got a good plain ed- ucation, the best afforded by the schools of the time. Taught school for a number of years, and was married on January 1, 1850, to Eliza Woodfill, daughter of Dan- iel Woodfill, of Jefferson county. After marrying he settled down to life as a farmer on the farm upon which he was born, and still resides there. The result of this union was seven children, viz : Kitty, who married George W. Altizer, and moved to Kansas, and died there ; Sarah A., who died in infancy ; Mary married C. Kohl ; Julia A. married Frank M. McLelandell (now a widow, 1888) ; J. Morton married Annie Taylor ; Alice Cary married to John Spann, living at New Albany, Ind. ; Rob- ert E. died an infant ; Eliza H., now at home. June 16, 1862, he was mustered into United States service as first lieutenant of Co. C, Fifty-fourth Regiment Indiana Vol. Infantry, promoted to the rank of captain, served until August 25, 1863; then organ- ized company in First Independent Battal- ion Infantry, and was made Major ; at the close of service, brevetted Lieutenant-Colo- nel for services rendered. After close of the war settled down again to the life of the farm ; and he has since lived on his farm of 100 acres of land in Monroe town- ship, Jefferson county. Is a member of the G. A. R., John A. Hendricks Post, No. 107. His father's mother was Kate McCol- lough, who was a sister to Ben McCol- lough, the Confederate General, and daugh- ter of Elijah McCollough, whose father set- tled in the mountains of Virginia, nearthe North Carolina line, in the last century, and came from the Highlands of Scotland. The mother of Col. Patton was Anna Wil- son, daughter of Nathaniel Wilson, who came to this county as early as 1809; Ohioans by birth, they went to Kentucky, then Indiana. Margaret Patton, an aunt of Col. Pat- ton, organized the first Sunday-school in Jefferson county ; all who were her pupils, except James Baxter, now in Oregon, are dead. Hezekiah E. Patton, the father of the subject of our sketch, was a soldier in the War of 1812 ; was an advocate for freedom and free speech, he, with Captain Isaac Chambers and James Baxter, having held a mob of some sixty persons at bay, while a free-soil abolitionist delivered a lecture in the log school-house in the year 1836. The mob were armed and equipped with all things necessary to tar- and-feather and ride the speaker on a rail, but so soon as they saw the three old stal- wart soldiers on picket, armed with their old squirrel rifles and their hunting knives in their belts, they considered discretion SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 253 the better part of valor, and retired to the woods and held a picnic, and our subject, the son, is a firm believer in the theory That Freedom's battle once begun, Bequeathed from bleeding sire to son. He died in July, 1856. DR. BENJAMIN A. PENN was born in Shelby township, Jefferson county, July 22, 1824. He was the son of Ephraim and Mary Ann (Warfield) Perm. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and a descendant of William Penn, the founder of that State. Benjamin Penn, grandfather of Dr. Penn, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The father of Dr. Penn was born in 1784, and came to Kentucky about the year 1800 ; he first stopped at Maysville a short time, and removed from there to Frankfort, where he located. He bought or entered three different tracts of land, which he lost by priority of title in other names. He married in Ken- tucky, and removed to Indiana about the year 1816, so that part of his children were horn in Kentucky and the younger part in Indiana. He settled in Shelby township, about two miles west of where the town of Canaan now is, and built the first brick house in that township. Dr. Penn was born on this farrn, and spent his life here until his thirteenth year. He attended school, first going to John Gillespie, one of the pioneer teachers of the county. Among other teachers to whom he went were Thomas Hicklin, Win. H. Phillipps, and Henry Mavity, who all became prominent men. The school-house was built by his father and two or three other settlers. Dr. Penn studied in these schools, besides the elementary branches, Latin, Chemistry and Natural Philosophy. At the age of sixteen he spent one year in the office of Dr. Thomas Watson, of Shelby county, Ky., in the study of medicine. Then he returned home and read in the office of Dr. Howard Watts, of Madison, for two years. Then he read the library of Dr. Hyel Morri- son, also of Madison. About this time he went to Lewis county, Ky., and read and practiced one year with Dr. T. 0. Mershon. Then he put up his shingle independently, or on his own hook, Sept. 20, 1846, at Oldtown, Ky., and practiced for three years, and then removed to a point near Camden, Carroll county, Ind. In 1853 he removed to Miami, and remained there until February, 1857, from whence he removed to Jefferson county, Ind., where he has since resided, first at Canaan for two years, and since then at Bryantsburgh. After coming to this county he attended lectures at Cincinnati, and graduated in the class of 1864-65. On the 4th of November, 1856, at Miami, he was married to Miss Rebecca E. Guest, and they have five children: Luke, born July 23, 1S57; Mary, June 8, 1860; Ben F., April 5, 1866; John S., September 10, 1867, and Silas, September 22, 1872. The 254 JEFFERSON COUNTY eldest son is a practicing physician in Aurora, Ind. ; he read medicine with his father and attended lectures at the Louis- ville School of Medicine. Mary married J. G. Butt, of Illinois, and has three sons. Ben F. is traveling in Montana ; John is in Janesville, Wis., attending a school of telegraphy, and Silas is still at home with his parents. Dr. Penn's parents hoth died in the 73d year of their age, his father in 1850 and his mother in 18G0. At the age of 17 Dr. Penn joined the Baptist Church, but left that church at Miami, Ind., because there was no Baptist church there, and united with the Chris- tian Church ; he then withdrew from that church on account of peace principles and established a church called the Church of the Prince of Peace ; but owing to a difficulty in procuring a room for meeting, it was dis- continued, and he became a member of the Hebron Baptist Church, and has remained a member in that church to the present. Dr. Penn owns and resides on a very nice little farm of fifty acres of good land. Since his graduation at Miami Medical College he has studied the German and Greek languages, so as to speak, read and write the German and to read and teach the Greek. Dr. Penn was ordained a minister of the Christian Church, and has devoted a large portion of time, study and hard service in teaching and preaching the pure and un- adulterated word of God as given to the world by Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace, and His Apostles, and in opposition to human creeds, human churches and war under all shapes and forms. SQUIRE PHILLIPS, farmer, Shelby township, was born in Jefferson county, in 1832. He never went to school more than three months in his life. About the time that boys are in school now, he was busy as a hand at log rolling, cabin building, and other work. He has been a farmer all of his life, and is a very good one, as the farm he now lives on, of 172^ acres, testi- fies by producing more now than when he first settled on it. He is the son of Presby and Sarah (Hall) Phillips. His father was born in Ohio, of Virginia parents, and was one of the first settlers of Jefferson county, Ind. His mother was the daughter of William Hall, who was a soldier at Valley Forge. At the time Mr. Phillips was a boy the old wooden mould board plough was in use, and the farmers raised the flax from which clothing was made for the family. He was married in 1S57 to Mary E. Car- dinal, daughter of John Cardinal, native of England. They have four living children : Charles W., John, Samantha J. and Susan. Charles W. is practicing medicine in Scipio, is a graduate of Ohio Medical College ; first studied medicine with Dr. S. B. Lewis, of Canaan. John is farming in Jefferson county, and Susan is at home. Mr. Phillips has never sought office, and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 255 belongs to no secret order, and is a good citizen in every sense of the word. He is a Republican in politics. JOHN J. PILES, farmer, Monroe town- ship, was born Nov. 23, 1S23, in Kentucky, and is the son of William Piles, a native of Henry county, Ky. His father, Conericus Piles, a native of Virginia, was one of the famous "hunters of Kentucky" of Daniel Boone's days, and was a Revolutionary sol- dier. William Piles settled in Switzerland county, Ind., as early as 1825 or '2G, where he lived for many years. There he married Elizabeth Haydon, who was the daughter of William Haydon, a native of Virginia, who removed to Kentucky at an early time of his life and lived there a great many years. Of this family, Ben, Jackson, Thomas and Bland Haydon were soldiers in the War of 1S12-15. Mr. John J. Piles was a son of these par- ents, and was raised on a farm. In 1846 be was married to Miss Cynthia A. Ray- burn, daughter of R. Raybum, a native of Kentucky, of Irish ancestry. Her mother, Nancy Rydeu, was a native of Kentucky. Mr. Piles and wife have never had any children of their own, but have furnished homes for five of other parents, namely : Chas. U. Kenen, Martin L. Rayburn, Nancy J. Piles, and her two daughters, Laura B. and Elizabeth. Mr. Piles went at the first call for troops in the Rebellion, as a pri- vate in Co. D, Thirty-seventh Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, and was in all the battles of his regiment, viz: Stone River, Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, etc. The regiment was with Sher- man in his famous "March to the Sea." Served three years, and came back to farm- er's life, settling in Jefferson county, Mon- roe township. He is a member of the G. A. R. and is a good citizen. JOHN F. POMMEREHN was born in Germany, March 20, 1839. His father's name was Frederick Pom- merehn. Both of them came to the United States in 1850, on a sailing vessel, being seven weeks on the passage, arrived in October. His father died in 1882. John F. Pommerehn settled in Jefferson county. His education was received in Ger- many. He is a farmer and has worked at milling. He was married in 1868, to Miss Nancy Taylor, daughter of James Taylor, a native of Scotland. They have nine children: William, Jane, Anna, James, John, Mary, Thomas, Ellen and Cahancy. He owns 142£ acres of well- improved land in Jefferson county, and has a saw- mill on his farm. Mr. Pommerehn has succeeded in milk- ing a good living, and has accumulated some property besides. All of his children are living at borne with their parents. 256 JEFFERSON COUNTY Mr. Ponimerehn is a member of the Masonic Order, and a well respected citizen. JAMES V. RAWLINGS, M. D., Wirt, Jefferson county, is a native of Jefferson county, and was born on a farm in Lan- caster township, January 3, 1859. His parents are James E. and Margaret (Wal- ker) Eawlings, natives of Jefferson county, Ind., and of England. His grandfather Vincent Eawlings was a native of Kentucky, and was one of the early settlers of Clark county, Ind., and afterward came to this county ; was a tanner by trade, but became a farmer in Lancaster township, where he lived to a good old age. The father of Dr. Eawlings lives in Lan- caster township, on a farm. Dr. Eawlings was reared on a farm, and was educated at the college in Danville, Ind. He studied medicine with Dr. J. W. Flanders, of Du- pont, Ind., and graduated in the spring of 1SS7, at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Baltimore, Md. He began the practice of medicine at Wirt, has a large practice thus far, and a fine promise for future work. EAEL T. EECTOE was born in Lancas- ter township, Jefferson county, January 12, 1842. Daniel Eector, the great-grand- father of E. T. Rector, was the founder of the Eector family in Jefferson county ; was a native of Virginia, and came to Jefferson county as early as 1807. Daniel was in the Eanger service in the War of 1812-15, and was killed at a muster near Kent, Jef- ferson county, Ind. Daniel Eector, son of Hezekiah, was the father of the subject of our sketch ; was born and raised in Lancaster township, Jefferson county, Ind. He mar- ried Jane C. Farris, daughter of Leonard Farris, a native of New York. They had ten children, of whom Earl T. Eector was the eldest. Born and reared on a farm, was educated in the common schools of the county. Lived on the farm and learned the plasterer's trade. At the call of Presi- dent Lincoln for troops, he enlisted in Co. K, Twenty-second Eeg. Ind. Vols., Col. Jeff. C. Davis. He was with his regiment in all of the battles in which the regiment was engaged ; the principal ones were Pea Eidge,Ark., Corinth, Miss., and Perrysville, Ky., Stone Eiver, Chickamauga, Mission Eidge and others. He was one of the men of his company who came out of all the battles unhurt. During his last months of service he was in the Pioneer Corps. He came home in 1864, and returned and served until 1865, when he was discharged at close of war. On one occasion, while following Price, he was detailed as forager for provisions, and during the raid he lost all of his clothing but boots and shirt ; at a store he found a pair of linen pants, a cut- away coat and a stove pipe hat, all of which he appropriated as contraband of war; and in this costume fought the Jolm- ies for some time during the spring of 1862. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 257 He came home and settled down to a farm life, taking unto himself Miss Irene Craft, as a wife, in 1867. She was the daughter of John B. Craft, a native of New York. They have three children : John B., Dan- iel P. and Jennie, who are all at home. Mr. Bector is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and is commander of John A. Hendricks Post, G. A. B. ; was a Freemason. He spent the four best years of his life in the army. He is a good citizen and farmer. Hezekiah Bector, grandfather of Earl T., was a captain of a company in our Colo- nial war, and he was shot by one of the company's sentinels who refused to be re- leased from duty. DR. JOHN H. BEYNOLDS was a son of Simeon L. and Charity (Tomlinson) Bey- nolds, and was born in Jefferson county, Ind., July 17, 1820. His parents were na- tives of Connecticut and of Irish and Eng- lish origin. His father settled in Madison, Ind., in 1815, and was a carpenter by trade. For thirteen years in early life he was a mariner on the ocean. In 1820 he went from Madison to a farm in Jefferson coun- ty, and died in 1847. Dr. Beynolds was raised on the farm, one of thirteen children, educated in the ordinary schools, afterward in a select school. At the age of 24 years he began the study of medicine under Dr. Parley Hill, of New York (who died in Madison, Ind.), and graduated from the University of St. Louis in 1849. He began the practice of medicine in 1844, where he now is, near Wirt, and has continuously practiced medicine since. He was married to Miss Maria Hall, of Jefferson county, daughter of Bobert M. Hall, of Kentucky, but formerly of North Carolina, and has six living children : Lou, wife of D. Morris, of Kentucky ; Sallie C, wife of L. C. Holmes, a Kentucky mer- chant; Allie, wife of Louis Levey, pub- lisher, Indianapolis ; Blanche, wife of John Boss, teller in the First National Bank of Madison; Geo. E., M. D.,at Kent, Jefferson county, graduate of Indiana Medical Col- lege, and Scott H., M. D., at Scipio, Ind., graduate of Miami Medical College, Cin- cinnati, 0. Dr. Beynolds owns 85 acres of land. He is a fine physician, a good citi- zen, honored of his neighbors and the pub- lic generally. JOSEPH T. BEYNOLDS, farmer, Lan- caster township, is a native of Lancaster township, Jefferson county ; was bom Feb. 13, 1846, on a farm, and reared on a farm. He attended the common and high schools of the county. He was married in 1864 to Miss Harriet E. Bonnell, a native of Ohio, but a resident of this county at the time of the marriage. They have four living children, three boys and one girl : George W., Buth C, Andrew F. and William L. Mr. Beynolds was elected Justice of the 258 JEFFERSON COUNTY Peace in this township, in 1886, on the Republican ticket. He lives on a farm of 160 acres of good land, which is in a fine state of cultivation, lying at the edge of Dupont. His parents were William L. and Delilah (Johnson) Reynolds ; mother a native of Kentucky ; father a native of Ver- mont, fie came to Indiana and located at Madison in 1813 ; when he first came there were only log cabins in the town. He drove the first dray in Madison. He entered one-half of the farm where his son now resides. He died in 1876, at the age of 73. His widow died in May, 1882. JOHN RICHERT, firm of Fischer & Richert, carriage and wagon manufac- turers, 315 East Main street, opposite Court House. John Richert was born on the 16th day of July, 1835, in Baden, South Germany. Came to the United States in 1857, and located in Johnstown, Pa., where he remained about twenty-one months, work- ing in a rolling mill ; but, with the desire to better his condition, he left Pennsylvania in 1859, and came to Madison, Ind. Here he applied himself to the trade of carriage and wagon making, and worked at it for about two years with Mr. J. B. Miller. At the breaking out of the Rebellion in 1861, he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he re- mained about thirteen months working on Government wagons ; while there he en- listed to help build the pontoon bridge, that was constructed with coal barges over the Ohio river, from Cincinnati to Coving- ton, to expedite military forces and sup- plies. Soon after his return to Madison on board the boat, it was necessary for the boat officials to arm the passengers with muskets to fight their way, should they be attacked by Confederates; they how- ever reached Madison unmolested and in safety. Here he began work to lay the foundation for his present business. He enlisted with the Home Guards, and during the exciting period when Gen. Morgan was expected to cross the Ohio river and make a raid on Madison, he was one of the troops who stood guard on the river front. He joined partnership with Mr. V. Fischer, and started in the manufacture of wagons upon a small scale. By doing good work and giving their business close atten- tion they have established a large and growing business. They commenced their business where they now are, in an old two 7 story frame building, but having enlarged their shops as their business increased, in the year 1 874 they built the large two-story brick warerooms at present occupied by them, and commenced the manufacture of carriages also. They employ from eighteen to twenty skilled workmen. Mr. Richert is a member of the German Lutheran Church, and for many years was one of the presiding elders ; many of the improvements made are due to his good judgment, of which the congregation can be proud. He is also a member of the I. 0. 0. F. He was married in 1865 to Miss Elisabeth Keller, of Tell City, Ind.; SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 259 born in the village of Ruedlinzen, Canton Sbaffbausen, Switzerland. Eigbt children were born to them, sis girls and two boys. Their names are — Anna, Elisabeth, Cath- arine, Magdalene, George, Caroline, Julia and Lemuel. Mr. Richert is a good citizen ; upright and honest in his business, his success is deserved, and his integrity has won him the esteem of his friends and the respect of all who know him. He is a good example of what may be attained in the way of competency by any who will employ the same means, honesty and perseverance. JOHN R. RITCHIE, farmer, Creswell P. 0., Smyrna township, Jefferson county, Ind., is a native of Smyrna township, and was born May 27, 1832; was raised on a farm ; attended the common schools of the county, and went to Hanover College for one year. After leaving school he taught a district school in this county for three sessions. At that time teachers were elected by vote. In 1S56, October 23, Mr. Ritchie was married to Miss Mary A. Dean, of this county, daughter of John Dean, a native of New York. He has three living children, two girls and one boy: Walter, Lucy and Bertha. Walter married Miss Sarah A. Amsden, of this county ; Lucy and Bertha are both living at home. Mr. Ritchie is a member of the Grange Ins. Co., and helped to organize the company. He has a farm of 247 acres of good land, well improved. H^ i s now making a specialty of thoroughbred Jersey cattle. He started bis herd with "Miss Fannie," of well-known herd of Mr. John B. Poyntz, of Maysville, Ky., and has now a very fine herd, which he is always pleased to show to anyone. Mr. Ritchie was among the first who run a steam thresher in Jefferson county, and was the first to take a steam thresher on the hill in Trimble county, Ky. His parents were John and Sophia (Branham) Ritchie. John Ritchie was born in Ohio in the year 1807, and came to Jefferson county, with his par- ents, when only two years old, and lived in this county till his death in 1877, July 9. In 1829 he was married, and in the spring of 1830 located on Harbert's creek, near the present postoffice of Creswell, Smyrna town- ship, where he and Robert Branham built a grist and saw-mill that was run by water ; this was one of the first water-mills in the township. They continued to run this mill for a few years, when they put in a steam- engine, making the first steam • grist and saw-mill in the township. The same engine is still at work in the saw-mill to this day, having used up four boilers. At the time of starting the steam mill, Mr. Ritchie formed a partnership with Mr. Smiley Sam- ple, the firm name being Ritchie & Sample, for running the mill and a store. This firm continued about two years, when Ritchie bought out Sample's interest in the whole concern, and continued in the milling busi- ness till he died. Mr. Ritchie was 69 years old at the time of his death, at which time he owned 500 acres of land, and some houses and lots in Madison, making him worth in all about $ 30,000. JJe was the 260 JEFFERSON COUNTY largest tax-payer iu the township. He was a good manager. He was one of the first members of Smyrna Presbyterian Church, and was a deacon in the church for many years, and gave liberally to the church, and was foremost in assisting all deserving per- sons and enterprises. He gave $500 to Hanover College. He was the largest stock- holder in the Smyrna and Graham Turn- pike Road. HIRAM F. ROBBINS, farmer, Monroe township, was born in Worcester county, Mass. His parents were Rufus Robbins and Harriet Farnham, both natives of Mass- achusetts. His father died when he was eight years old. He lived a few years with a man named Smith, who was a man of wealth and influence ; while here he was educated in business and chose a guardian, Daniel Fisk. He began to learn the trade of a carpenter with a man named Wilson, in Southbridge, and served as an appren- tice for three years and saved all his money. He then went to work at farming. He attended the manual labor school at Worster, it being so constituted that boys could work their way to education. While here he worked at stone masonry. He then went to work at his trade and built a house for a cotton manufacturer. After that he started to New Orleans to work at his trade of carpenter, but at Steu- benville, 0., he met with a Mr. Cook, who was a contractor, and was employed by him. He was made the superintendent of the work by Cook. He came to Madison, Ind., Dec. 13, 1838, on the old steamboat "Columbia." Here he was employed by the civil en- gineers of the railroad which was being con- structed at that time. Nest he began to work at house building ; he worked on the First Presbyterian Church on Main street (this church stood on the south side of Main street and the west side of the alley), and on many other houses well known to old citizens. In 18-11 he married Miss Amanda Cos- w by, the daughter of Archibel Cosby, a na- tive of Kentucky. From this marriage came five children: Charles, Benjamin, William H., Edward and Amanda Eliza. William H. died when five years old and Amanda Eliza while an infant. Mrs. Rob- bins died September 20, 1856, aged thirty- one years one month and eighteen days. In 1860 he was married a second time to Miss Ella Crittenden, of Columbus, Ind. There were two children born of this mar- riage, Willie C. and Albert B. Willie is married to Miss Alice Hilbert and lives in Monroe township. Albert B. is unmarried and lives in Illinois. Mr. Robbins was contractor for and built more houses in Madison than any other man who worked in the city. From 1810 to 1S52 he car- ried on a shop as builder and contractor. In 1852 he built a furniture manufactory, the second built in the State. He operated this for twenty-eight years, shipping furni- ture all over the country. In 1877 he bought a farm in Monroe township and set- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 261 tied down on it. There are 133 acres of it. His wife died here. Mr. Robbins has been an Odd Fellow and is a member of the Christian Church. EDWARD ROBERTS, merchant, Bry- antsburgh, was born in Switzerland county, Ind., in 1839. His father, John S. Roberts, was an early settler of that county, and was a farmer. His mother was Jane Salyers, daughter of John B. Salyers, and grand- daughter of a Revolutionary soldier. The family were from Virginia. Nathan Roberts, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, a native of Maryland, settled at a point opposite to the present city of Cin- cinnati before there was any town there. He entered a tract of land, but afterward lost it because of leaving it. Mr. Edward Roberts was raised upon a farm ; at the age of twenty-two he enlisted in the 76th Reg. Ind. Vols., Co. D, and served three months. He enlisted a second time in Co. D, 137th Ind. Vols., in which he remained till the end of the war. He was in all of the battles of his regiments, and was a good soldier. He saw service at Atlanta and other points of the same campaign. After the war he came home and worked at house-carpentering for some twenty years. He is now engaged in a general merchandise business at Bryantsburgh, Jef- ferson county. He also has the postSffice at that place. He was trustee of Shelby township for one term. In 1873 he was married to Miss Mary J. Mitchell, of Jeffer- son county ; no issue. Mr. Roberts is an energetic, honest business man, and a good citizen.. DAN. A. ROBERTS, farmer, Smyrna township, was the son of Dan. and Ann (Walker) Roberts, both of whom were born and raised in Lancastershire, Eng- land. They came to the United States about 1844, and located in Jefferson coun- ty, Ind. His father taught school in this county, and bought a farm, and remained here for about two years, when he went to Cincin- nati, Ohio ; remained there until 1848, when he went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he died of cholera in 1849. His mother is still living on her farm in this county, aged 07 years. Dan. A. Roberts was born in Hamilton county, Ohio, January 15, 1840, removed to Louisville, Ky., with his parents, in 1848, and remained there until 185S, when he removed with his mother to Jefferson county, Ind., where he has resided ever since. He attended school in Louisville, and in Smyrna township. In 1809 he was mar- ried to Miss Periutha E. Robinson, the daughter of John Robinson, who was a native of Ohio, but came to Indiana in 1847, and located on a farm in Graham 2<>2 JEFFERSON COUNTY township, where he remained until his death in 1855. Mr. Roberts has five children, three boys and two girls: Edgar A., Claude A., Clar- ence J., Esma A. and Myrtle E. Mr. Rob- erts owns three farms, containing about 300 acres of good land, located in the west- ern part of Smyrna township. He raises a great deal of stock. In the spring of 1864 he enlisted in Co. E, 137th Regiment Indiana Infantry, and in the winter of 1864 enlisted in Co. H, 145th Regiment Indiana Infantry, and was mustered out at Macon, Georgia, January 21, 1866. His regiment was en- gaged in guard duty the most of the time. He has been twice elected to the office of Trustee of Smyrna township. He is the only Republican ever elected to that office in Smyrna township. LEANDERM. ROBINSON, firm of D. C. Robinson & Co., saw-mill and lumber busi- ness. He is the son of Jesse and Lydia C. (Miles) Robinson, natives of Ohio, both living, and was born December 8, 1844, in Hamilton county, Ohio. In 1852 his parents removed to Madison, Ind., where they still live. He attended the city schools. In 1861 he engaged with Mr. P. W. Ramsey to learn the watch and silver- smith trade, and worked at this until 1865, when he quit on account of his health. The same year he took a position as book- keeper at the ship-yard here at Madison, and remained three or four years. In 1869 he formed a partnership with D. C. Robinson, and engaged in his present business. They have been very successful and have built up a large business in this line, having a large lumber yard at the saw-mill, Front and Vernon streets, and another at the corner of Main and Vernon. They employ about fifteen men. Mr. Robinson was married in 1868 to Miss Mary F., daughter of John Crawford, de- ceased, of Madison, Ind. Has four children : Mary F., Leander M., Jr., Clara M. and Jessie C. He is a member of the Christian Church ; an I. 0. 0. F., member of the Madison Lodge, No. 72. He has been secretary of Building Association No. 8, for the last fourteen years. He was elected as mem- ber of the City Council from his ward (the 6th), first in 1880, then in 1884, and again in 1886. He is a Republican, and the ward is strongly Democratic. JAMES ROBINSON (deceased) was born in 1822, in Alleghany county, Pa. His father was Andrew Robinson, a native of the same State, of Irish descent. His mother's maiden name was Stilly. He was raised on a farm and had a common-school education. In 1845 he married Miss Mary Barnum, of Jefferson county, Ind., where he resided SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 263 during the rest of his life. He died in 1858. He was a good citizen. By this marriage there were six children, viz : John, Levi B., Elizabeth 0., George L., James F. and Mary F. Of these, two live in Jefferson county and the rest in Kansas. Capt. Daniel Barnum, the father of Mrs. Robinson, was a man of consider- able note. He was born in the State of New York, in 1786. He was a soldier in the War of 1812-15. He came to Indiana in 1823 and settled in Lancaster township — now Monroe — in Jefferson county, where he lived a good, orderly citizen for many years. He came down the Ohio river on a raft of lumber, starting from the region of Olean, N. Y., on the Alleghany river. With this lumber he erected the house and bam on his farm. In 1837 he removed to Missouri and re- mained some years, returning again to In- diana ; later he went to Oregon, and after some ten years returned again to Jefferson county, Ind., where he died. He was twice married, and raised eight children : Samuel, Elizabeth, Eli, Sylvina, Thomas, Noah, Mary and Emmeline, all of whom are still living but Thomas, Noah and Samuel. He was one of the early Dem- ocratic Abolitionists of early times in this county, and was a worker on the Under- ground Railroad, between slavery on the south and Canada on the north ; the trains ran principally in the night time and on foot. JOHN T. ROYCE (deceased). Mr. Royce was born near Rochester, N. Y., in the year 1817. His father, Sardius Royce, and two brothers came from Pittsburgh, with their families, on a raft. Sardius and family stopped at Madison ; the other brothers continued their journey, one of them stopping at or near New Albany, the other one went farther down the river. Madison was at this time almost an unbro- ken forest. There was scarcely any work to be had, so the subject of our sketch left his father's settlement — near the site of of the old chain mill at Clifty Hollow — and went some twelve miles, near the present vil- lage of Brooksburgh, to work at chopping cordwood for Mr. Noah Brooks. He was married in 1S37 to Jennette Brooks, daugh- ter and eldest child of Noah Brooks. He has lived in Jefferson county pretty nearly all his life. For four or five years he lived in Ripley and Decatur counties. In Rip- ley he built a saw-mill (about the first in the county), and sawed the plank to make the plank road from Madison to Greens- burg. Along this plank road was the first telegraph line that was put up in the State, and he put up the poles along the route. Some time after this he bought a farm in Madison township, Jefferson county, where he lived to raise most of his family, which consisted of eleven sons and two daugh- ters. Three of his sons died when young ; the others lived to maturity. From him the 264 JEFFERSON COUNTY Royce family of Jefferson and Scott coun- ties was descended. One of the daughters lives in Louisville ; two of the sons in Min- nesota, one in Washington Territory. In about 1881, he removed to Minnesota, where he died September 9, 1883. He was a member of the M. E. Church, and had been from boyhood. JARED D. RYKER, a representative of one of the earliest and first families of Jef- ferson county, and also one of the most prominent and successful farmers of the county, was born January 8, 1821, at the old Ryker homestead, Jefferson county, Ind. His parents were John G. and Sarah Ryker (nee Jones), who were respectively born in Shelby and Boone counties, Ky. John G. Ryker was born August 9, 1793, and removed with his father, before he be- came of age, to Jefferson county. His father was Geradus Ryker, a native of the State of New Jersey, born in 1769, who emigrated in the latter part of the last century to Shelby county, Ky., and subse- quently to Jefferson county, Ind., in about 1811. He brought with him, to Indiana, six sons and three daughters : His eldest son, Samuel, born in Shelby county, 1799; John G., Jacob S., Jared, Abram and William C, born respectively 1793, 1796, 1799, 1804, 1807; Polly S., 1S09; Peter V., 1816; Leah, 1818. John G. Ryker was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was known as one of the "Rangers," and for his meritorious services drew a pension from the Government until the day of his death, in 1875. Jared D.'s maternal grandfather, David Jones, a Revolutionary soldier, emigrated from Ken- tucky and settled in an early day within two miles of what is now the village of Canaan. His mother, Sarah Jones Ryker, was born in Kentucky, in 1798. He has three times been married ; first in 1841, to Miss Eliza, granddaughter of Col. John Ryker, and of this union three children survive — Sarah, Jane and Mary Ann. His second wife was Miss Mary Howard, a native of Jefferson county, and two children of this union are also living — John and Permelius. His present wife, a very estimable and clever lady, was Miss Anna Harris, who is still living, and a native of England ; this marriage occurred in 1857. The children by this marriage are Benjamin H., Walter H., Thaddeus H, Herbert H., Jared H. and Edgar H. Mr. Ryker has a farm of 361 acres of well-improved land, and is nearly the sole owner of the Madison, Ryker's Ridge and Wolf Run Turnpike. He has long been one of the leading members of the Ryker's Ridge Baptist Church, and is one of its deacons. While Mr. Ryker did not receive any of the advantages of a collegiate edu- cation, he is nevertheless a man of fine sense, liberal in his views as to both politics and religion, and affable and cour- teous in his dealings with his fellow-men. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 2G3 JOHN G. SALISBUEY, farmer, Monroe township. His grandfather, James Salis- bury, was a native of Vermont, of English descent. John C. Salisbury, son of James, was born in Brattleboro, Vermont, in the year 1805. He emigrated in early times to Kentucky, and came to Madison, Ind., in 1832. In 1836 he came to Monroe town- ship, where he permanently settled down and lived the balance of his life. He was a pioneer school-teacher, and taught school in Kentucky, Madison, and here, afterward, became a farmer. He was one of the old free-soilers, and a great advocate of free speech. He married in Jefferson county, Ind., Miss Leah Ryker, daughter of John Ryker, one of the earliest settlers of this county. They had nine children. The eldest son, James T., was a member of Co. H, Tenth Indiana Cavalry, and died in Black Swamp, near Vicksburg. John G. Salisbury, who furnishes this sketch, was born December 4, 1842, in Monroe township ; was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools, and now lives upon — and owns — the farm upon which he was born. June 9, 1869, he was married to Miss Lauretta Elliott, daughter of Robt. Elliott, of the same township. Mr. and Mrs. Salisbury have two children : Sadie M. and Robert E. Mr. Salisbury and wife are both members of the Monroe Presbyterian Church. He is the superin- tendent of the Sabbath-school. Mr. Salis- bury owns 205 acres of good, well-improved land. His father, John C. Salisbury died in 1870, January 14. His mother is still living and resides with him, and retains her faculties of mind to a remarkable degree, being 74 years old. Mr. Salisbury is a good citizen. OTIS BARTOLL SAPPINGTON (de- ceased) was born in Baltimore, Md., January 1, 1832, and was reared in that city until he was sixteen years old. He attended the city schools until 11 years of age. At that time he commenced the business of life for himself. His mother died when he was only five and one-half years old. His father, who had been a large hat manufacturer, and was broken up by endorsing, died shortly after the death of his mother, leaving Otis an orphan without patrimony. At the age of sixteen he came to Indiana and stopped at Madison, where he was employed as clerk in the grocery and com- mission house of Weyer & McKee. He re- mained with this firm for many years. In 1863 he became a partner of Mr. Hargan in a wholesale grocery business, under the firm name of Hargan & Sap- pington, and was still in that firm at the time of his death in 1868. He was lost in the disaster to the steam- boat "United States of America." Mr. Sappington was married, in 1856, to Miss Sarah M. Crane, daughter of Rev. Simon H. Crane, a Presbyterian minister, and a native of Newark, N. J. 27o JEFFERSON COUNTY To them were born three children : Charles C, Mary M. and Otis B., all of whom are living. Charles C, the eldest, was born Decem- ber 22, 1860, in Madison, Ind., where he was reared and attended the city schools. In 1878 he took a position as check clerk in the J., M. & I. B. E. depot at Madison, and has been connected with this depot ever since, excepting from May 1 to September- 1, 1883, when he was teller in the First National Bank of Madison. On leaving the bank he was made freight and ticket agent for the J., M. & I. E. E. in his native town, and still holds the place. He is a member of the Masons and K. of P. order. He was elected as member of the City Council, from the fifth ward, on the Ee- publican ticket, in the spring of 1888, and is at present a member of that body. Mr. Sappington, while he is quite a young man, is making a remarkable record in pushing and placing himself among the successful and enterprising business men of Madison. JOHN W. SCOTT, native of Jefferson county, Ind., was born June 3, 1834; was reared in the county until his seventeenth year, when he emigrated to the town of Moorfield, Switzerland county, Indiana. At Moorfield he learned the blacksmith trade, and worked at it there until 1862. Then he purchased a farm on Pleasant Eidge, in Jefferson county, and removed to it, where he remained three years ; when he sold out and purchased a farm of 105 acres of land on Eyker's Eidge, in Jefferson county, which he still owns, and where he resides during the summer. Mr. Scott was educated in the common schools of the county, which, by the way, are the best class, and will give to a boy or girl the best practical education in the world. Mr. Scott is engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery business at the corner of Main and Jefferson streets, Madison, and resides in the city during the winter and spring months, in his city residence, No. 601 N. Mulberry street. In 1865 he bought the farm mentioned, which is one of the finest in the county, and, removing to it, engaged in agricultural business in Madison, in which he continued until 1876, when he sold out the business, and that fall was elected treasurer of the county on the Democratic ticket, overcom- ing a Eepublican majority of over 600. During the two years of service in the treasurer's office, he made the largest col- lection of taxes ever made in the county. In the fall of 1878 he was defeated by a small majority for the same office. During the fall he engaged in the grocery business, which business he has been engaged in ever since. His place was known as the "Tem- ple" grocery, as he occupied the salesroom in the lower part of the Masonic Temple. He remained in the "Temple" until about one month ago, when he removed to his SOUVENIR SKETCHES, 271 present stand, comer of Main and Jefferson. He has built up a large trade, and has one of the best groceries in the city. In 1887 Mr. Scott took his two sons, William A. and Elmer E., into partnership with him in the grocery business ; the firm name is J. W. Scott & Sons. Mr. Scott is a Knight Templar Mason and a member of the M. E. Church. He has belonged to the church for twenty-five years, and is now a trustee and steward of his church. He has been a member of the Democratic Central Committee ever since 1878, and is a stockholder in Madison Herald News- paper Company. Mr. Scott was married in 1851, to Miss Sarah Protzman, of Switzerland county, daughter of John Protzman, who was also one of the largest farmers of that county. He has seven children living, three boys and four girls : Elias J., William A., Elmer E., Mary Ida, Annie, Nora M. and Bertha E. He is the son of John and Kebecca (Welch) Scott. John, his father, was bom in Jettburg, Scotland, and came to this country in 1818. He was a prominent farmer of this county, and died in 1878, at the age of 90 years. The mother was a native of Lexington, Ky. ; she died in 1868, at the age of 08 years. FRANCIS M. SCHOOLCRAFT, farmer, Monroe township, was bom in Lee county, Virginia, January 28, 1843. His father, Michael Schoolcraft, was a native of Penn- sylvania, of German descent. He removed to Virginia after the War of 1812, in which he was a soldier; there his son Abraham was born. Abraham married in Virginia, and lived in Lee county, where his sixteen children were borne by three wives. He then removed to Ouseley county, Ky., in 1856, and from there he came to Madison, Ind., in 1863, where he died, at the age of 47. He was a strictly loyal man to his coun- try, and had to leave Kentucky on account of his loyalty to the Union. The subject of this sketch was the eldest child, and at the death of his father, took charge of the young family of six who were left, and cared for them and found homes for them all. Mr. F. M. Schoolcraft was born and raised on a farm. In 1861, October 26, he enlisted in Co. G, Eighth Reg. Ky. Infantry, and served until January 6, 1863, when he was dis- charged for disability. He entered the United States Navy August 31, 1864, and served until discharged in June, 1865, at the close of the war. He came home and settled down to the quiet life of a fanner, taking to himself Mary Commisky as his wife, December 30, 1874. She was the daughter of Joe Com- misky and Rebecca (Baxter) Commisky. The family of these two are five children, viz : Daniel B., Mary L., Cyrus E., Ben- jamin G. and Anna R. Mr. Schoolcraft owns a farm of 114 acres of good land, with a new house and good barn, and lives comfortably and. happy with his family. 272 JEFFERSON COUNTY GEORGE SCHWARTZ (deceased), the subject of this sketch, was born near Wil- dach, Bavaria, Germany, March 23, 1823. He was raised in a butcher's shop, and learned the milling business. In 1849 he came to America, and located for a short time in Ohio, where he was married to Anna M. Dosler, the daughter of Jacob Dosler, who was also a native of Bavaria. In the same year he removed to Jefferson county, Ind., and settled in Monroe town- ship, upon a farm, where he lived until August 2, 1887, where he died after a long illness. He was educated in Germany, his parents intending him for a Lutheran preacher. He was a man of mind and thought beyond the common run, and was always looked up to by the German popu- lation of Monroe township as a leader and adviser. He was noted for his mild, equa- ble temper and pleasant manners. He was just, and always considerate of the rights of others. In connection with his farm, he carried on a mill. Some years before his death he had turned that busi- ness over to his son, who built a mill on the Michigan road, three miles from the old one on Big creek. Mr. Schwartz was a prominent Mason, and for many years was a leader in the Grange movement in his county. He was a member of the Lutheran Church. He owned 108 acres of land, which he farmed in a thorough manner. His family con- sisted of himself and wife and eight chil- dren, viz: Margaret, who is married to Enos Baglan, lives in Madison; Mary, married to Henry Byer, livqs at Seymour ; Eva, married to John Smith, lives at Rock- ford, Ind. — now a widow ; George M. mar- ried Miss Lizzie Walmer, lives in Jefferson county, is a miller; John F., Anna M., Elizabeth and Michael — the last four are all single and live with Mrs. Schwartz on the homestead farm on Big creek. REV. JOHN B. H. SEEPE, Rector of St. Mary's Church, Madison, Ind., is a na- tive of Hanover, Germany. He was born in 1S30, and came to the United States in 1836, with his parents, who located in Cin- cinnati. He remained there until 1842, and atten- ded the parochial school of the Holy Trin- ity Church. He attended college at La- trobe, Pa., studied theology at Vincennes, Ind., and was ordained Priest, in 1859, at Vincennes. He was first stationed at Richmond, Ind., from 1859 to 18GS, where he built St. An- drews Church and School. Subsequently he was Rector of St. James Church in Gib- son county, Ind., until 1875 ; afterward he was Rector of St. Gabriel's Church inCon- nersville, Ind., until 1881. Father Seepe was appointed Rector of St. Mary's Church, of Madison, Ind., April 22, 1881, and arrived at Madison on May 5, 1881. St. Mary's congregation was organized in 1850, and the church was built in 1S51. The present school-building — a commodi- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 273 ous and fine building — was built in 1876, and contains four large school-rooms on the first floor, and a large ball on the sec- ond floor. The congregation numbers 250 families ; and the school is attended by about 200 children, and is under the care of three Ursuline Sisters and one male teacher. The church was renovated in 1S87 and 1888, to the amount of about $3,500, and is now one of the finest church buildings in Indiana. MICHAEL SHEETS, farmer, Monroe township. The subject of this sketch was born in Prussia, September 12, 1827. He is the son of John Sheets, a native of that country. Michael emigrated to this country in 1841, and settled with the family of his father in Pittsburgh, Pa". His father removed to Ripley county, Ind., and there bought 240 acres of land. He was the donor of land and money for the founding of the St. Magdelen Church and School in that county. He died in 1S75. He was a farmer. His mother was Elizabeth Lisman, who was the daughter of a teacher in Prussia. Her only brother was forced into the army of Napoleon Bonaparte, and served under him ; while returning home he was starved to death — some of his comrades lived to re- turn home and tell the sad story. The father of the subject of this sketch raised a family of six children, four sons and two daughters. Michael was the youngest of the family, was raised on a farm and educated in the county schools of his time. In 1840 he enlisted in the war with Mexico, in Capt. Sullivan's company, in the Third Regiment of Indiana Volunteers. Was in all the battles of his regiment, along the Valley of the Rio Grande. At the close of the war he crossed the Gulf of Mexico to New Orleans, where his regiment was dis- banded. In August, 1849, he was married to Miss Mary Ann Miles, of this county. The re- sult of this union was six sons and four daughters : Enos J., Evan, Marion, John A., Chas. F., Michael J., MaryF., Nettie, Anna and Ida. The subject of this sketch was also in the late war for ten months and fifteen days, in the Twenty-second Regiment Indi- ana Volunteers. Entered September 22, 1864, served to the end of the war; was with Gen. Thomas at Nashville, Tenn. After the close of the war be returned home and engaged in fanning, especially fruit culture. For twenty years past he has been quite successful in this line, and has now a very nice nursery. He also engaged in the fish culture a few years since, and now has a pool of fine carps on his farm. He has raised and educated bis large family, giving to them all of the benefits of schools and teaching which the country af- forded. He is a good farmer and citizen. 274 JEFFERSON COUNTY JAMES H. SMITH, county surveyor, Shelby township, Jefferson county, Intl. Mr. Smith's parents were Wm. Smith and Anna M. (Tull) Smith. His father was a native of Maryland, and came to Kentucky in 1806 and was one of the pioneers' of that State. He removed to Indiana and settled in Jefferson county in 1823, on a farm in Shelby township, owned at present by the subject of this sketch. He served as a county commissioner of Jefferson county for a number of years. He died August 4, 1843. The mother of James H. Smith was the daughter of Handy and Eleanor Tull ; her father was a Revolution- ary soldier. Mr. James Smith was of Scotch-Irish descent. Mr. Smith, the subject of this sketch, was born in Woodford county, Ky., Janu- ary 27, 1821, and was raised on a farm in this county. He was educated in a log school-house, having none of the modern apparatus used in education nowadays. At the age of 18 he began teaching school, and continued at that for ten years. All of this time was spent in his own county. He was married at the age of 23 to Catherine Overturf, who was of German de- scent ; her parents came from Kentucky. They are the parents of six children : Eliza- beth A., Wm. W., Sylvanus G., Mary E., John S. and James H. All of his sons are married but one. John S. is a physician practicing in Cass county, Ind., and was a graduate of the class of '82 in the Ohio Medical College. Mr. Smith was elected justice of the peace in 1852, and served eight years. After that, was county school examiner for four years. Then was captain of Home Guards during the war. During the war he was elected county surveyor and has served as such ever since, except for four years, and was re-elected in the fall of 1888 for two years more. Capt. Smith is a Mason, a member of the Blue Lodge. He is a Republican, and has been prominent in that party in this county ever since the party was organized. His father was a Whig, and was an ad- mirer and earnest supporter of Henry Clay. Capt. Smith's first vote was cast for Henry Clay. GRANVILLE T. SMITHA, farmer, Monroe township, was born September 1, 1814, in Woodford county, Ky. He is the son of John Smitha, who was born in Penn county, Va., and removed to Kentucky in the beginning of this century ; and came from there to Indiana in 1819; settled in Jefferson county, at the head of Crooked creek, lived here some two years, then re- moved into the Woodfill neighborhood, and then moved to Ripley county ; after re- maining there some time came back to Jefferson county, near Bryantsburgh, where he bought land near the Robbins' farm, in Shelby township. The boyhood of the sub- ject of this sketch was passed principally on this farm. In 1832, October 18, Gran- ville T. Smitha was married to Eliza E. Robbins, daughter of Wm. Robbjns (whose SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 275 sketch appears in this book). They had fourteen children as the result of their mar- riage : Wm, E., John, Willis H., Elizabeth E., Granville T., Mary A. B., Eliza Jane, Susan A., Melissa J., James B., Jeptha, Jerusia, Albert, and an infant. Mr. Smitha was born on a farm, and raised a farmer's boy and man, and is now an old farmer. He was educated in the schools of his youth (very different from those of this day). He is an earnest sup- porter and a prominent member of the Baptist Church. He saw Indians here, and tasted of all of the hardships of a pioneer life, and is now in declining health and years, enjoying the products of his labors, both physically and socially, of early life. He owns 106 acres of land, and lives com- fortably upon it. His oldest son, Wm. E., was raised on the farm, and at the second call for volunteers enlisted in Co. C, Eighty- second Eegiment Indiana Infantry Volun- teers, August 13, 1862, and was with Sher- man on his "March to the Sea," and in all of the engagements of his regiment. He was wounded twice. He lives at Edinburgh. Albert A., the youngest son of Granville T., was born December 13, 1857; was edu- cated in the schools of his township, and married March 14, 1878, to Mollie Ander- son. They have four children : Charles, William, John and Florence. He is a young and energetic farmer and a good citizen. CHEISTOPHEE SMAET, farmer, Mon- roe township, was born in Otsego county, New York, February IS, 1824. His par- ents were Abraham and Elizabeth (Abby) Smart, who were natives of England. His father was a farmer and emigrated to America in June, 1819. He remained in New York State until 1834, when he came to Indiana, and settled in Lancaster town- ship, Jefferson county, now Monroe town- ship, where he and his wife both died (see sketch of Mrs. Matilda Willoughby). Christopher Smart came to Jefferson county three years later, and is still living on the old homestead. He was educated in the schools of his day ; his principal instructors were a Welshman, by the name of David Jones, and an Irishman by the name of Craig (see his sketch). In 1850, on the 6th day of October, he was married to Miss Maria L. McGee, daughter of William and Margaret A. (Large) McGee. Her father came to Madi- son from Ohio in 1823, formerly from Vir- ginia, and was of Irish descent. The children of then- marriage are : Pirene, married to G. A. Valilie, living in Carroll county, Ky. ; William A., died aged 17 years and 6 months ; Arabella, at home ; Christopher W., killed by the fall of a tree in Obion county, Tenn. ; Thomas I., at home ; Georgiana, a teacher of Jefferson county; James M., teacher of Jefferson county; and Riley L, 276 JEFFERSON COUNTY Mr. Christopher Smart taught school four terms, the first three in a log school- house with split logs for seats, and one term in a stone school-house; his salarj' was 75 cents and $1.00 per day. His own school-day advantages were meager. During the dark days of the late civil war he was township trustee for two years, and has held the postoffice at Big Creek ever since it has been established. LEONAKDD.SPANN. The Spann fam- ily was of English ancestry. A short time before the Revolutionary war, the head of the American branch migrated to Ameri- ca and settled in the Colony of South Car- olina. There were four of the sons and brothers of this family engaged as soldiers in that war, on the side of the Colonies. Three of them were soldiers in the ranks, and Jesse, the youngest, born in 1756, be- ing too young for regular enlistment, acted as a scout or helper in the service. He saw and conversed with General Washing- ton. After the war he married, and lived, until 1801, in Sumter District, South Carolina; then moved to Garrard county, Kentucky, and in 1816 he came to Indiana, and set- tled in Lancaster township, Jefferson coun- ty, Indiana. Moses Spann, the son of Jesse, was born June 3, 1799, in Sumter District, South Carolina, and came with his father to Ken- tucky and Indiana. He was a carpenter by trade, and assisted in the log rollings of the early settlement of this county, one spriug being present at thirty-three of these interesting gatherings. In those days the whole county voted at the county-seat, Madison. About forty started from Lan- caster to go to town to vote ; a foot race to Madison was proposed, distance nine miles. Only four of the entire number made the race ; they were Moses Spann, Solomon Spann, Miller Hall and Lacy Eeynolds. Moses Spann died in 1886. Leonard D. Spann, who furnishes this sketch, was the son of Moses, and was born May 26, 1841, in Jefferson county, Ind. His mother's name was Nahala Smith, and she was the daughter of Asa Smith, who settled at an early date on the land where Dupont now stands. Mr. Leonard D. Spann was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools, and took a course of study at the High School at Dupont. Taught school for three years. At the breaking out of the Rebellion he enlisted in the State service, and served there two years and six months, being in the United States service some sixty-five days. He was married in 1865, to Miss Laura Driggs, daughter of Lloyd Driggs, a native of Baltimore, Md., and a resident of Mad- ison, Ind., since 1820. Mr. and Mrs. Spann have eight children : Minnie L. is married to Mr. E. Bennett, and lives in New Al- bany, Ind; John E. married Miss Alice Cary Patton, and lives in New Albany; Clara died when sixteen years of age ; the SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 277 younger children, Frank D., Harley, Lloyd, Ethel E. and Bessie L. are all at home. Mr. Spann was for some years repre- senting the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company, of Madison, Ind., and is now one of the directors. He is also a director of the Jefferson County Fair. He is a member of John A. Hendricks Post, No. 107, G. A. R. He owns eighty acres of well-improved land. Elder ROBERT STEVENSON, preacher and fanner, Shelby township, Jefferson ^ounty, Ind., was bom February 5, 1815, in Ayrshire, Scotland, and came to the United States in 1828. He is the son of Robert Stevenson, who was also born in Scotland in 1787, and was a large woolen manufacturer in that country, at Kilmanark ; came to Indiana and bought a farm in Shelby township, Jefferson county, which is still owned by the Stevenson family, and spent his remaining life there. The ancestors of this family were of the town of Kickerton. The mother of Robert, the subject of this sketch, was Jennet Wallace, of the family of Sir Wm. Wallace, and her people were of the same county, at Manchlien, on the farm Bergour. In Scotland the women retain their maiden names after marriage. She died in 1883, at the age of 88 years and 6 months. Mr. Robert Stevenson, the subject of this sketch, was raised on the farm and educated in Scotland, not having any ad- vantages of schooling after he came to this country. They had only boards for slates and firecoals for pencils. In this way he became able to enter the ministry. He has been an active working man all his life ; has worked at carpentering, built his own house and made his own furniture, some of which is still in his possession. He is a minister of the Baptist Church, and has preached in many counties in this State, and has also preached in other States. He began his work in the ministry in 1843, and may be calle'd one of the pioneer preachers of this State. He was engaged in a State work for one year. He was married in 1837 to Miss Bar- bara Sterrett, who was born in Scotland, but came, when quite young, with her par- ents, to Jefferson county. Their children were James, Robert, William and Mary. His wife died April 17, 1846, and he was re-married May 4, 1847, to Sarah Rut- ledge, a native of Kentucky ; her parents were of Virginia. The result of this mar- riage was five children : John, George, David, Sarah and Charles. Three of his sons were in the army : James and Robert in the Sixth Indiana Infantry, and William in the Tenth Indiana Cavalry. His sons are all of them farmers, three of them live in Jef- ferson county, one in the Far West and one in Shelby county. Both of his daughters are married. Mary lives in Ripley county and Sarah in Galveston, Ind. Mr. Stevenson once labored in the Long Run Mission for three years, and preached 342 days in one year. 278 JEFFERSON COUNTY James was wounded at Stone River, and died from the effects of the wound ; his body was brought home for interment. ROBERT STEVENSON, Jr., farmer, Shelby township, Jefferson county, Ind. He is the second son of Robert Stevenson, Sr., of same township and county. He was born May 28; 1844, and was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Co. A, Sixth Regiment Indiana Vols., and served two years and six months, when he was dis- charged for disability received at Chatta- nooga, Jan. 6, 1864. He was in the bat- tles of Shiloh, Corinth, Chickamauga and others. He was taken prisoner at Law- renceburg, Ky. Upon returning home, as soon as he had sufficiently recovered from his disability, he resumed the life of a farmer, and has followed it ever since. In 1S65 he was married to Mary E. Barber, who had formerly been married to John W. Hicks (a soldier), who was the daughter of James Barber. The result of this anion was four children : James W., Lucius L., Minnie E. (who died at twenty-three months of age) and Robert F. Mr. Steven- son is a prominent member of the Baptist Church. He has never sought an office of any kind. Having felt the great need of a good education, he is endeavoring to give his children better school advantages than he had himself. Owing to the hardships of his life in the army he is physically a wreck. MARCUS B. SULZER, a promising young lawyer of Jefferson county, is a na- tive of Madison, Ind. He was born April 19, 1860, and is a son of Raphael R. and Rachel (Heimidingor) Sulzer, who were natives of Alsace, France. His father came to Madison in 1854, and engaged in the merchandise business, and retired from business about six years ago. Mr. Sulzer was raised in Madison, and was educated in the common schools, hav- ing no money to attend the higher schools. Began to read law in 1879 with Linck & Bellamy, and was admitted to practice in 1881. He conducted many important trials before he was admitted to the bar. He made a good argument in the cases of the State vs. Cooper, and other murder cases ; since coped with Jason Brown and others. In the case of Peter Cooper for murder, he made the closing speech, and sent him up for life ; Brown making the closing speech for the defense. When only 19 years of age he wrote articles pertaining to river and marine matters, which were extensively copied by leading papers of the country, which attracted the attention of Governor Williams, who appointed him, at SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 279 19, delegate to the River Convention .at Quincy, 111., and while there he responded at a hanquet for Indiana. In 1880 Gov- ernor Gray removed him for heing a Re- publican, and Governor Porter re-appointed him in 1884, and he holds that position now. In 1S82 he was elected as city attorney, which place he held for two terms. Whilst in that office he revised the city ordinances and made a hook of them, which is received as the standard of the laws of the city. When his term expired the Democratic Council of the city gave him a unanimous vote of thanks for the manner in which he had performed his duties. In 1884 he was elected as prosecutor of the Fifth Circuit ; re-elected in 1886 by a majority of 769. His majority, the first time (in 1884) was 256, and is the only official who ever carried both counties in this circuit. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. P., has been president of local Lodge and member of Grand Lodge, being the youngest mem- ber ; he has been district judge of Grand Lodge Bnai Brith. He is one of the mem- bers of the Republican State Central Com- mittee, representing the Fourth Congres- sional District, and in 1889 was elected by the Annual Convention of Indiana Re- publican Clubs to represent Indiana at the National Convention of Republican Clubs, which convened at Baltimore, Md., Feb- ruary 28 and March 1. ROBERT H. SWAN, farmer, Hanover township, is a son of John and Mary R. (Thorn) Swan. His father was a native of Scotland, and came to the United States when a young man, and entered a farm in this county when James Monroe was Pres- ident. He died in 1860, at the age of 66 years, leaving a widow and eight children, of whom the subject of this sketch was the youngest. His mother was a native of Kentucky and died in 1868, at the age of 60 years. Robert H. Swan was born June 15, 1S49, upon the farm on which he now resides, in Hanover township, Jefferson county, Ind., and was reared there. He attended the common schools and the College at Hanover, and the Normal School at Leba- non, Ohio. He took charge of the farm when only 17 years of age, and though almost with- out stock or farming tools, and with an in- valid mother and two sisters to support, by perseverance and energy, he succeeded in making a living and stocked his farm well and put it in a good state of cultiva- tion. His farm contains 1 60 acres of land well improved, and is situated four miles southwest of Hanover. In 1875 he was married to Miss Mattie L. Arnott, daughter of Rev. Moses Arnott, who was pastor of Carmel U. P. Church for twenty-eight years. She died in 1884, leaving three children, two of whom are 280 JEFFERSON COUNTY now living, one boy and one girl — Mary Prudence and Eobert Arnott. In 1885 Mr. Swan married again to Miss Ernrna 0., daughter of Wm. McDonald, a farmer of this county. There are no children by this marriage. Mr. Swan is a member of the Carmel Church, and acted as one of the trustees of that church for sis years. In 1881 he engaged in mercantile busi- ness in Hanover, where he remained in business for two and one-half years, when he sold out and went to Kansas. He engaged in the confectionery business in Clay Centre, the county-seat of Clay county, Kan., and continued in business there for eight months, when he came back to his farm in this county, and has been there ever since. JESSE B. THOMAS is the son of Elias Thomas, who was born in Virginia, and re- moved to Kentucky, and from there to Indiana, before the subject of our sketch was born, and was one of the pioneer settlers of the State. Mr. Jesse B. Thomas was born in 1807 near Madison. At that time the site of Madison was almost an unbroken forest; there was only one buckeye cabin there, built by James Hall. Mr. Thomas was raised during the trying times of the early settlers. The Indians were so troublesome at times that the set tiers were compelled to fly to the block- house for safety. The subject of this sketch was married, at the age of 21, to Jane Miller, a daughter of Bobert Miller, who was also a pioneer. Mr. Thomas and wife raised a family of six children : William H., Sarah E., James M., Daniel F., Henry C. and Bobert P. Mrs. Thomas died in 1852. Some ten years later he married Anna Staten, who was born in Kentucky; they had no children. James and Henry C, sons of Mr. Thomas, served through the war of the Bebellion, and were at the surrender of Bichmond. The father of Mr. Thomas was a noted hunter; he killed bear, deer and turkeys enough to keep the family in meat. He was one of the Bangers in Indian times. Daniel F. Thomas, fourth son of the sub- ject of this sketch, was raised on a farm; was born in 1840, and educated in the common schools; owns 80 acres of land, and is taking care of his father in his old age and an orphan daughter of his brother Bobert. He cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln, and still votes the Bepublican ticket. MABK TILTON was born in Wilming- ton, Delaware, August 22, 1822. His father was Dr. James Tilton, a native of the State of Delaware, and his mother was a Miss Fanny Gibson, a native of the eastern shore of Maryland. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 281 His grand-uncle, Dr. James Tilton, after whom his father was named, was the first surgeon-general appointed in the United States army, and was the first member of Congress sent from the State of Delaware. He was also a member of the Order of Cin- cinnatus, the badge of which order was presented to him by the Marquis De La Lafayette. This badge is still retained in the family and is handed down regularly to the eldest living male member of the family. It had been in the possession of Mark Tilton for many years and up to the time of his death. In 1827 Mark Tilton's father left Dela- ware with bis family, and settled in Madi- son, Jefferson county, Indiana, where he remained many years practicing his pro- fession, and about three years before his death, which occurred in 1841, he re- moved to a farm in the northern portion of the county, upon a portion of which land he located the site of the present thriving village of Dupont. Mark Tilton, when about seventeen yens of age, obtained a situation in the Branch Bank, at Madison, of the State Bank of Indiana, where he remained twenty-one years, occupying most of the time the po- sition of teller. He was married to Miss Amanda Dunn, a daughter of Judge Dunn, of Hanover, Indiana, January 4, 1848, and has but one child living, Elizabeth R. Til- ton. While in the bank he was appointed by President Lincoln, United States Pen- sion Agent for the district in which he lived. It was not long after he was ap- pointed that the business of the agency so increased that he was obliged to resign his position in the Bank and devote bis whole attention to the duties of bis office. He retained the Pension Agency seventeen years and until, during the administration of President Hayes, the agency was re- moved to Indianapolis. Mr. Tilton had the reputation of being one of the most faithful and efficient officers in the pension service. His systematic habits and thorough acquaintance with the details of the office, the neatness and cor- rectness of his accounts with the Govern- ment, and his untiring pains to accommo- date and protect the pensioned soldier and the soldier's widow from the extortion of unworthy claim against agents, made him a valuable officer to the Government and very popular with the soldier element of his district. In 1877 he was appointed to a clerkship in the pension office in Washington, and moved his family to that city. He had not served long in the office before he was pro- moted to the position of assistant chief in one of the divisions in the Pension Bureau, and retained the position up to the time of his death, which occurred March 10, 1887. Mark Tilton was a Knight Templar of the Masonic Order and a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church, He was a good citizen, a kind husband, and an indulgent father, a faithful and warm- hearted friend; he had a heart that always responded to the wants of the needy and alHicted. His success in life was achieved by his following strictly the old adage, 282 JEFFERSON COUNTY that "What is worth doing at all is worth doing well." There are few men that have gone through life with a cleaner record than Mark Tilton. REV. JAMES W. TURNER, A. M., Pas- tor of Trinity M. E. Church, Madison, In- diana, was born August 11, 1857, in Dear- bora county, Ind., and brought up in Southern Indiana. His father, being a Methodist preacher, moved around a great deal. His father, Isaac Turner, and his mother, Alice Kenyon, were natives of Eng- land, and were married there and came to the United States in 1854, and located in Southern Indiana. His father was one of the pioneer preachers of Southern In- diana, and is still in the ministry, in act- ive work ; he is now located at Paris, Jen- nings county, Ind. Mr. James W. Turner was educated in the common schools of the county, and finished his education at Moore's Hill College, spending five years at that institution, and receiving the degree of A. M. in 1876. Two years before this time, he had preached his first sermon, at Delaware, Ripley county, Ind. In 1878 he began regular work as a preacher in the Southeastern Indiana Conference of the M. E. Church, and has been engaged in that service ever since. At present he is Pastor of Trinity Church, Madison, in his second year. It is the finest church edi- fice in the city and has a membership of 630. He was married, July 29, 1880, to Miss Lizzie Woodfill, daughter of William S. Woodfill, of Greensburg, Indiana, of one of the oldest families of Decatur county. They have four living children : Rollin A., Sarah A., William W. and Wesley J. Rev. Mr. Turner is a member the Free- masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and the Order of the Golden Cross. He has delivered lectures on all of these orders in the principal cities of Southern Indiana. Mr. Turner's library is one of the finest in the State, containing the best encyclope- dias, choicest works on theology and his- tory, the leading books of science and fiction, and apparently all books that would pertain to the library of a student ; thus having the tools at his hand to fit him thoroughly for his work. PATRICK WADE, dealer in grain, 251 and 253 W. Main street, Madison, Indiana, was bora March 6, 1842, in Ireland. When only eight years old he came to the United States with his mother, his father hav- ing come over to America less than two years before this time, and located in Madi- son, Ind. His parents were natives of Ireland, and were named Martin and Ann Wade. His SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 283 father is still living. His mother died September 19, 1872. Mr. Wade was educated in the Catholic and public schools of Madison. After leav- ing school he went to work for his father. In 1864 he secured a position with F. Prenatt & Co., wholesale dealers in groce- ries and liquors ; he remained with them as clerk about three years, and in 1867 went to Louisville, Kentucky, and secured a position there as stock keeper in a whole- sale grocery kept by McKee, Cunningham & Co., remaining two years with them. Then he came back to Madison, Ind., and took a position with Jas. Hargan & Co. as a clerk in their wholesale grocery and liquor house, remaining with them over thirteen years. In March, 1882, he succeeded his father in the feed and grain business, which busi- ness he is still in. He also handles seeds in large quantities. And with his business experience, and by giving it his undivided attention, he has built up the largest trade in this line in the city. Mr. Wade has been a very successful business man ; commencing with a small capital, he now owns two storehouses and one of the finest residences in the city. He is a member of the Catholic Church and of the order of the Catholic Knights of America. He was married in 1864 to Miss Celia Langan, of Madison, and has six living children, four girls and two boys : Mary, Ella, Maggie, Annie, Martin and John. Mr. Wade is a Democrat ; he has never held any office, although he has been im- portuned to run for office at different times, but always refused because of his business needing his attention. Mr. Wade is a man of best character for attention to business, and in all points a good citizen. Patrick Wade, Martin Wade's father, was born October 2, 1818, in the County Galway, Parish of Kilkerrin, Ireland. He came to the United States March 7, 1 849, and located in Madison, and was engaged in driving a dray for Mr. Martin Mullen, in which employment he remained nine months. He then went to work for Mr. Dawson Blackmore, who was engaged in the commission and pork-packing busi- ness. He continued with him between six and seven years. In the latter part of 1856 he was en- gaged as wharf master at the depot wharf, where he remained for two years. . In October, 1858, he opened the feed and grain house now carried on by his son Patrick. He continued in this business until 1881, when he was succeeded by his son. Mr. Wade commenced business with a capital of only $1,000; now he owns three large store buildings on Main street, two of them occupied by his son Patrick and the other by himself. He has been very successful in business, having made his start in life by hard work, principally by hauling merchnndise for some of the largest business houses in the city. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and was married by the Rev. Patrick Hemy, a Catholic priest, to Miss Ann Burns, on the 31st day of January, 1841. They had 284 JEFFERSON COUNTY two children — John and Patrick. John was born June 29, 1844, and is now in business in Memphis, Tenn. His parents were James and Ellinor (McLonghlin) Wade. His father was born in 1788, and died in 1858. His mother died about 1866. WILLIAM WALCH, of the Madison Ma- chine Company, was born February 4, 1845, in Cincinnati, Ohio ; was the son of William and Anastia (Cavinaugh) Walch, who were both natives of Ireland, and came to this country in 1843. His father was a cooper by trade, and died in Memphis, Tenn., where he was at work, at the age of 33 years. His mother died in 1868, at the age of 48 years, at her home in Madison, Ind. Mr. Walch came to Madison, Ind., with his parents, when only six months old. He attended the Catholic schools of this city, and when only 14 years old com- menced to leam his trade, that of a ma- chinist, at the old Neal foundry of this city, where he continued for three years. At the breaking out of the war this foundry closed down. In 1862 Mr. Walch worked as journeyman in the Indiana foundry of this city, where he remained about fourteen months, when he took a position with Cobb, Stribling & Co., foundry men, also of Madi- son, and worked for them as journeyman for four years, when he was made foreman, and continued as foreman for them for four years more. In 1872, Mr. Walch formed a partnership with John McKenna and Julius Halfenberger, and bought the Indiana foundry, firm name being McKenna, Walch & Co. This firm continued for three years, when McKenna withdrew from the firm, and the firm name became Walch & Halfenberger. This firm continued for four years, when Mr. Halfenberger died. Mr. U. B. Stribling bought the interest of the heirs, and the firm name was changed to Stribling & Walch, and they continued for five years, when they sold out to the Madison Machine Co. (the present com- pany), in the year 1885. Mr. Walch is now superintendent of the Madison Ma- chine Co., and one of the principal stock- holders of the concern. Mr. Walch was married in 1869 to Miss Mary Cavinaugh, of Madison, Ind., who died in 1882, at the age of 37 years, leaving three children, of whom only two are now living — Maggie and Thomas. Mr. Walch is a member of the Catholic Church and of the order of the Catholic Knights of America. WILLIAM WATLINGTON, farmer, Madison township, was born in New Jersey, in 1810. His father, William Watlington, was a native of Bermuda, and came to America in 1804, and settled in Philadel- phia. In 1814 he came to Indiana, and SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 2St settled in Madison township, Jefferson county. He was a sailor in the United States service, and was taken by the English as an English subject, but was released by a friend swearing that he was American born. He died in 1815. Our subject's mother was Phoebe Loper, daughter of Evan Loper, of New Jersey ; she died in 1867. William Watlington was raised on a farm, and received a common-school edu- cation. In 1839, Nov. 26, he was married to Miss Mary Hewson, of Madison, Ind., and a daughter of Thomas and Mary Hewson. Her father was a teacher, merchant and preacher. The result of this marriage was seven children, all of whom attained maturity : William who enlisted in the Fifty-fifth In- diana Regiment during the late war — he was afterward discharged from that regiment, and re-enlisted in Third Indiana Cavalry ; Thomas H., Mary F., Emma, Charles E., Abraham L. and Elizabeth. From 1833 to 1839, Mr. Watlington was engaged in mercantile business in Madison. At this time he settled on the farm where he now lives, it being the same 80-acre tract entered by his father. Mr. Watlington has succeeded in raising his large family, and giving to each one a good education, and is accumulating some little of this world's goods. He lives well and comfortably. His children are now scattered — one in Kansas, one in Illinois, and the rest in Jefferson county; two of them are married. Mr. Watlington has been prominent as an Odd Fellow, and was the first man initiated into that Order in Madison. He has been a member of P. of H. ; was also a school-teacher. He may properly be placed among the pioneers of Jefferson county. DILLARD C. WHITHAM, farmer, Shelby township, was born in Ripley county, in 1828. He is the son of Benja- min Whitham, and was raised a farmer. Was educated in the schools of his day. In 1S54, he was married to Elizabeth Buchanan, whose father was an early set- tler of this county (Jefferson). They have the following named children : Festus M . , Nancy J., Adrain, Orbia and Carrie. Mr .Whitham has 400 acres of good land in Jefferson county, where he lives com- fortably. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch came to Indiana in 1812, and settled near Buchanan's Station, in Jef- ferson county, while the Indians were still here, and raised a family of seven sons and five daughters. Mr. Whitham is an enterprising and successful farmer. 286 JEFFERSON COUNTY GEORGE WHITHAM, farmer, Shelby township, is the son of Benjamin Whitham, who was born in Maryland, but spent his boyhood days in Kentucky, and came to Ripley county, Ind., about eighty years ago, where he died twenty-four years ago. The mother of the subject of this sketch was Nancy Birchfield, daughter of Robert Birchfield, who came from Kentucky in early times to Indiana. Her father was a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. George Whitham was born in 1832, in Ripley county, Ind., was raised on the farm, and was educated in t^be country schools of his day. At the age of 24 he married Emily J. Schnetger, daughter of Charles Schnetger, a native of Germany, and they are the par- ents of eight children: Benjamin B., Charles C, Anis, Mollie, William M., Jo- seph W., Robert Newton and John L. Mr. Whitham entered the service in 1864 as private in Co. I, Fortieth Reg. Ind. In- fantry, and served some eleven months. He was in the battles of Spring Hill, Franklin and Nashville and in some minor engagements. After the close of the war he returned home and settled down to the quiet life of a farmer. He owns some 600 acres of well-improved land in Jefferson and Ripley counties, and is one of Jeffer- son's best and most energetic citizens. He was married a second time to Miss Sallie E. Conner, daughter of Louis Con- ner, who was a son of Louis Conner, a pioneer of this county. He has never been an office seeker, and is not a member of any order save the G. A. R. GEORGE L. T. WIDERIN, pastor of St. Patricks, North Madison, Indiana, is a native of Louisville, Ky. He was born June 20, 1847. His father, Christian Widerin, was a native of Austrian Tyrol ; and his mother, Mary Anna Meder, a na- tive of Bavaria. Father Widerin was about fourteen years old when his father, a tailor by trade, en- listed in Co. A, Twenty-third Indiana Vol. Infantry ; being disabled was discharged in or about 1863. George L. T. Widerin was a private of Co. A, One hundred and forty-fourth Indi- ana Vol. Infantry. He was educated at St. Meinrads, Spencer county, Ind., except- ing one year course at Indianapolis, In- diana. In May, 1877, he was ordained priest at St. Meinrads, Spencer county, Indiana, by the Rt. Rev. Bishop Maurice De St. Palais. His first charge was Haubstad, Gibson county, Priuceton and Abertsville, Indiana. In 1882 was removed to North Madison, Jefferson county, Indiana, attending to St. Anthony's Church, China P. 0., and to Im- maculate Conception, Vevay, Switzerland county, Indiana. SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 287 The parish of North Madison, as hy late census taken, shows up seventy-six Catho- lic families, the parish of China P. 0. fifty, Vevay thirty-eight. The North Madison Church was estab- lished March 22, 1S53. The first pastor proper was Father Hypolite Du Pontavice, residence at Madison. At time of building of the church, the congregation numbered over one hundred and twenty-five families. The J., M. & I. car shops, and other important enter- prises, removed from North Madison, fami- lies also removed. The church is a brick building, forty by ninety feet ; parsonage a comfortable stone cottage; the school building and Sisters' residence is a frame building. Sisters of Providence, of St. Marys of the Woods, Vigo county, Indiana, are conducting the boys' and girls' school. BENJ. B. WILLIAMS, Lancaster town- ship, Jefferson county. The subject of this sketch was born and reared on a farm in Lancaster township. He learned the blacksmith trade from his father, and has been engaged in that business the principal part of his life — the greater part of the time in this county. He was born four miles southeast of Dupont, April 7, 1826, and attended the schools of that day. In 1847 he started to work at his trade in the town of Dupont, in a shop of his own, and continued at that business until 185-1, when he went to Rising Sun and en- gaged in the retail drag business. He re- mained there until December, 1857, when, on account of his health, he was compelled to sell out the business. At that time he came back to Jefferson county, and pur- chased an interest in the mill at Lancaster, now known as the "Landon MiDs." The mill was owned by John B. Craft and him- self, the firm being Craft & Williams. This firm continued until 1SG0, when Mr. Craft sold out to Mr. T. G. Payne, and the firm name became Payne & Williams. This firm continued until December, 18G8, when Mr. Williams sold out his interest in the mill. In all, about eleven years spent in the milling business. In 1868 Mr. Williams came back to Du- pont and engaged in the blacksmith and agricultural implement business, and has been engaged in these two businesses ever since. In connection with his agricultural implement business he has dealt largely in the sale of fertilizing material ever since bone dust was first introduced into this county. He is a Democrat in politics, and was elected as Township Trustee of Lancaster township, in 1880 against a majority of seventy or eighty on the Republican side. Mr. Williams is a member of the Baptist Church at Dupont, and is a trustee for the church. He has been an Odd Fellow since 1874. He was married in November, 1852, to Miss Esther J. Craft, daughter of John B. 288 JEFFERSON COUNTY Craft, Sr. They have five living children, three boys and two girls : Mary E., mar- ried May 12, 1875, to Rev. John E. Mc- Coy, a Baptist preacher of Indianapolis ; James R., who is now practicing medicine in Indianapolis; John C, city editor on Democrat, Anderson, Ind. ; and Benj. A. and Myra are still in school. Mr. B. B. Williams is the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Blue) Williams, who were the parents of twelve children (Benjamin being the eldest), nine sons and three daughters. Robert Williams was born a few miles back of Louisville, in Nelson county, on Salt river, and went, while quite young, with his father, to Greene county, Ohio, and from there came to Indiana in 1814, and settled four miles southeast of where Du- pont now is, where he died February 24, 1876, at the age of 79 years. Elizabeth Williams died at the old home- stead, Jefferson county, Ind., May 2G, 1872, aged G5 years. REMEMBRANCE J. WILLIAMS was a son of Roberts Williams ; the latter a na- tive of Kentucky, and who left Kentucky, when two years old, with his father, Re- membrance Williams, and migrated to Greene county, Ohio. From Ohio he re- moved to Jefferson county, Lancaster town- ship, in 1814, where he died at an advanced age. In 1804 or 1S05, his elder brother, Re- membrance, passed through Jefferson county in the employ of the United Slates surveyors. Remembrance, the father of Robert, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and was with Washington during the distressing winter at Valley Forge. Sarah Moncrief, a native Kentuckian, was the mother of Remembrance J. Will- iams. 'Squire Williams was raised on a farm, and educated, in a manner, in the log school- house when puncheon floors were famous. One of the teachers was in the habit of "get- ting in liquor" occasionally ; one day he got too much, and, to punish him, the "big boys" and the "giddy girls" buried him and dismissed his school. When quite young, 'Squire Williams learned the blacksmith's trade in his father's shop, and has wrought at it until of late. In 1844 he married Miss Emily Fenton, daughter of Bartholomew Fenton, who was born in Kentucky. The children from this marriage are as follows: Mary E., who married Willis Singer, and lives in Ripley county, Ind. ; Robert A., who married Miss Baxter, and lives in Monroe township ; Sarah E. mar- ried Wm. A. Shuck, and lives in Jennings county, Ind. ; Joana B., who married Rev. John Threlkeld, and lives in Bartholomew county, Ind.; Willard R., who lives at Haney's Corner; John B., M. D., practic- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 289 iiig at Honey Creek, and George H., who is also practicing physician. 'Squire Williams enlisted in the Sixth Indiana Volunteers in the year 1861, and was discharged for disability in 1863. He has been Justice of the Peace in his township for some ten years. He owns 1 45 acres of land in this township. MRS .MATILDA WILLOUGHBY, farm- er and trader, Monroe township, Jeffer- son county. Mrs. Willoughby was bom in the State of New York, July 31, 1825. Her father was Abraham Smart, a native of England, and came to the United States in 1820. His family were James, born March 12, 1819; Christopher, 1824; Ma- tilda, July 31, 1825; Isaac, November 22, 1S2S; Elizabeth, December 10, 1830, and Alford B., August 5, 1831. The subject of our sketch was married June 14, 1859, to David McKay, a native of Virginia, who died October 21, 1870. She lived a widow for three years, when she was married to Thomas Willoughby, who was born in Virginia, and came at an early date to this county. Mrs. Willough- by owns 110 acres of land, some valuable stocks, and other property of various kinds. She never raised any children of her own, but has raised three of other parents. She has been a church member for the greater part of her life, and is now an earnest supporter of the Adventist doctrine or faith. JAMES C. WOODS, farmer, Monroe township, was born in 1828, in Dearborn county, Ind. ; was raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools. His father, Joseph Woods, was born in Pennsylvania in 1793; he came to Indiana in 1816, and settled in Dearborn county. Here he remained until 1S37, when he re- moved to Jefferson county, into what is now Monroe township, where he died in 1853. He was one of the first Justices of the Peace in Dearborn county, and was elected to that office in Jefferson county, where he held the office for nine or ten years, and was serving at the time of his death. The mother of Mr. James C. Woods was Miss Isabel Bushfield, daughter of Samuel Bushfield, all natives of Ireland. The family of Joseph Woods was composed of nine children, seven of whom lived to ma- turity. 290 JEFFERSON COUNTY Mr. James C. Woods, at the age of 22, began to learn the trade of coach black- smithing. He served part of his time in Madison, Ind., and finished at Frankfort, Ky. He worked at this trade for five years. He married Susan A. Read, in December, 1852. She was the daughter of Andrew Bead, a native of Virginia, who removed to Kentucky after his daughter was born. He was of Scotch- Irish extraction. His father, Frank Read, was a Revolutionary soldier, and he, himself, was a soldier in the War of 1812-15. Her mother's family, of French extrac- tion, named Leftwich, were early settlers of Virginia. The result of this marriage was six chil- dren, viz : Belle, Kate, Elizabeth, Anna, Howard and Ida. Kate is married to George Craig, and lives in Johnson county, Ind. ; the others are at home, except Belle, who is at Indianapolis, Ind. Mr. Woods owns 200 acres of good land, well im- proved. Is a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and the Grange. Once held the office of township treasurer, and is a good citizen. ROBEBT H. WOOD, one of the most en- terprising and progressive farmers of Jef- ferson county, was born in Jefferson county, in 1852, March 25, and is a son of Ezra and Cassandra T. (Mayfield) Wood. Mr. Ezra Wood is a native of New York State. His father, Thurston Wood, came to Jefferson county in 1837, and bought a quarter sec- tion of land in Madison township, border- ing on the line of Monroe township. Cas- sandra Mayfield was a native of Trimble county, Ky., and came to Indiana with her father in 1834. Ezra was born in 1827. Served in the Home Guards during the war of 1861-65. Was elected to different township offices and as justice of the peace. • • The subject of this sketch is the second child of six sons and three daughters. Was educated in the common schools of the county. He was for two years gardener at the State House of Befuge, in Hendricks county, this State. He owns sixty acres of land and farms it in vegetables, fruit and flowers, and is in good substantial condition in business. June 12, 1879, he was mar- ried to Miss Clara T. Seidel, a native of Carrolton, Ky., whose parents are Germans. They have four children : Jessie A., Alfred C, Nelda A. and B. Emmet. Mr. Wood is a director in Patrons Mu- tual Insurance Company; also director of Jefferson County Agricultural Society. Mr. Wood is the largest grower of vege- tables under glass in the county. He was the first man in the county to put in a system of pipes for supplying water SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 291 for stables, dwellings, greenhouses, etc. In 1887 he built three greenhouses, 20x50 feet. He is more extensively engaged in mar- ket-gardening than any man in the county, and beside, in connection with general farming, he is interested in breeding thor- oughbred Jersey cattle and fancy poultry. 292 JEFFERSON COUNTY DE. C. H. WEIGHT was born in Cincin- nati, Ohio, December 22, 1839. His par- ents were John H. and Anna M. Wright. His father was born and raised in Mary- land, his mother in Virginia. They were of English and German origin. In early life Dr. Wright was thrown upon his own resources and had to make his own way and to educate himself; with pluck and energy, he succeeded in getting almost through his collegiate course at the Hartsville University, and one course of lectures in medical college. When the war broke out he volunteered as a private soldier on the 16th of April, 1861, for three months. At the expiration of this term he re-enlisted with Col. Lew Wallace in the Eleventh Indiana Zouave Eegiment, for three years ; in which regiment he served as a private soldier until after the battle of Shi- loh, being in the battles of Fort Donnelson and Pittsburgh Landing, and after the battle was detailed to take charge of a number of sick and wounded on board a floating hos- pital (or hospital barge) "Eipley." When this boat was retired, was made hospital steward and assigned to duty on board the hospital boat "Stephen Decatur," and re- mained in this capacity until late in the summer of 1862, when, by reason of the injuries previously received while on the road to Corinth, was so incapacitated for any kind of duty, was, by special order, sent to St. Louis, Mo., and discharged, totally disabled. During the following winter recuperated, and finished a second course of lectures in the St. Louis Medical College, graduating in the spring of 1863. Commenced the practice of medicine in that city, but get- ting stronger determined to go to the front again; this time passing an examination by board of examining surgeons, became an acting assistant surgeon, U. S. A., in which capacity he served for several months, when the exposure and hardships were too much for him, and he was again compelled to return North, or die from in- • juries and hemorrhage from the lungs. During the following winter he improved very much in health, and again, in the spring of 1864, assisted in organizing the 134th Indiana Eegiment, and went South with it as regimental quartermaster, in which regiment he served his time out, and was mustered out with the regiment at the expiration of its term. During the fall of 1865 went North, and while there, having an opportunity, took a third course of lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., coming back to Indiana in April, 1866, much improved in health. In June he married Miss Jennie Davis, a former schoolmate, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession in Jackson county, Indiana. In May the following year his wife died. In 1869 he again broke down in health ; this time consulted the eminent surgeon, Dr. Geo. C. Blackburn, of Cincinnati, and while under his care and advice became much stronger, and attended another, the fourth course of lectures, at the SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 297 Ohio Medical College, graduating from that college March 1, 1S70. He was again married, to Miss Jennie Yawter, of Jackson county, and remained there until April, 1873, when he moved to a healthier location at North Madison, where he has resided and practiced his profession to the present date. During his professional life he has been for many years a member of the National Medical Association, having represented both County and State Societies in that body ; also for twenty years a member of the State Medical Society; is at present Assistant Secretary of the Indiana State Medical Society and Secretary of the Jef- ferson County Medical Society. He has been nineteen years a member of the I. 0. 0. F., having represented his lodge in the Grand Lodge of Indiana ; is at present a member of Madison Lodge, No. 72, in Madison. He has, for some years, been a member of Alois Bachman Post, G. A. E., and one terrn surgeon of the Post ; was appointed Examining Surgeon on the Board, of Pension Examiners, at Madison under President Arthur, and was relieved from duty, for being an offensive par- tisan, when President Cleveland came into office. He has at present a pleasant home, a fine practice, and a very productive as well as beautiful farm near his home. He is one of the most successful practi- tioners in the county, and has attained to more than an ordinary degree of success in his profession, and is regarded as one of the most progressive members of the medi- cal fraternity. MILTON S. VAWTER was born Febru- ary 17, 1829, in Madison township, Jeffer- son county, Ind. He is the son of James and Sarah B. (Watts) Yawter, who were natives of East Tennessee and Boone county, Ky. (see sketch of James Vawter, among the early settlers of the county). Milton S. Vawter was born in the house in which he now lives, on a farm, and was reared upon it. At the age of 20 he became a cle] his brother, John W. Vawter, at North Madison, in the spring of 1.S49. He after- ward engaged as a clerk for B. M. J. Cox, in the business of merchandise, at Taylors- ville, Bartholemew comity, Ind., for one year. In June, 1850, he commenced business for himself, and continued until the fall of same year, when he sold out to Mr. George Brown, and returned to Jefferson county, to assist his brother, J. W. Vawter, in building plank roads. In 1851, went to Elizabethtown, Barthol- omew county, Ind., and commenced mer- chandizing, and continued until 1855. 298 JEFFERSON COUNTY He then went to Baton Kouge, La., to assist his brother in building plank roads. In 1S56 he went to Amity, Johnson count}-, Ind., with a new stock of merchandise, and continued there until 1S6S. From there he went to Martinsville, Morgan county, Ind., and ran a flouring mill for one year. Early in 1S60 he opened a dry-goods store in Madison, Ind., and continued until fall of 1861, when he sold out his stock. In 1S63 he was engaged on the river, on which he filled several places, from watch- man to captain — was on Clara Dunning, David White and Alice V., part of the time in the United States Government service, on the Tennessee and Cumberland rivers. Continued river life until spring of 1S67. iiber, 1867, he opened up in busi- i in in North Madison, and in 1869 i out, and again went to Madison, where goods for a short time; then constructed a storeroom at his home on the farm, where he continued to do business. Mr. Vawter was married in Adams coun- ty, Ohio, December, 1S65, to Miss Aurena L. Yawter, a native of Jefferson county, Indiana, by whom he had three children : Frank C, Lennie F. and Bert W. ; the lat- ter died in infancy. September 4, 1872. His wife died October 31, 1S72. He was married a second time, Novem- ber 16, 1876, to Susan G. Sebree, a na- tive of Gallatin county, Kentucky. Mr. Vawter owns 275 acres of land in Jefferson county. He received a very lim- ited education, but is a thorough business man. Judge John Watts, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Vir- ginia in 1767, and came to Dearborn county, Indiana, about 1817 ; was a Baptist preacher and was a judge of the county courts in very early times in this State. The name of Vawter is derived from the French. CAPT. ARGUS D. VANOSDOL is a na- tive of Jefferson county, Ind. He was born September 18, 1S39. He is a son of Thomas J. Vanosdol and Charlotte (East- wood) Vanosdol. Thomas J. Vanosdol was born in Mercer county, Ky., in 1S13, and came to Vevay, Switzerland county, Ind., in the year ISIS. In 1833 he located in Madison. Was a cutter and dealer in stone, and a builder. He spent *he last thirty years of his life on a farm, in Switzerland county, Ind. He died April 11, 1886. Charlotte Eastwood Vanosdol was born in Ohio. The great-grandfather (Stewart) of Capt. Vanosdol was a soldier in the Revolution- ary war, and was a native of Massachu- SOUVENIR SKETCHES. 2 99 setts Colony, but entered the army from the State of New York. Capt. Vanosdol's paternal grandfather, Jacob Vanosdol, was one of the Kentucky Rangers during the war of 1811-12; was at the battle of Tippecanoe with Gen. W. H. Harrison, and was engaged in other battles in that war. His maternal grandfather, Eastwood, was a German by birth, and was also a soldier in the War of 1812. July 4, 1861, Captain A. D. Vanosdol enlisted in Co. A, Third Regiment Indiana Cavalry, as a private soldier. He was made Sergeant-Major, and afterward pro- moted to the captaincy of Co. I, same regi- ment, in February, 1862. He continued in this position until the summer of 1863, when he was discharged on account of in- juries received in the battles of 1862 and at Stone River. After his health was restored, early in 1S65, he enlisted Us a private in Co. E, 156th Regiment Indiana Vols., and was im- mediately promoted to the first lieutenantcy of his company, and served the most of the time on detached duty, until his discharge in August, 1865. Capt. Vanosdol was educated in the com- mon schools and at the State University ; and from the law department of that in- stitution he graduated, with honor, in 1870. In May, 1871, he located at Madison in the practice of law. He is a hard student, possesses a fine memory, and stands high at the bar as a lawyer. In 1886, while in California attending the National Encamp- ment of the G. A. R., he was tendered the nomination for Congress in his district by his party, but declined. Capt. Vanosdol was Inspector-General of G. A. R. in 1886, upon the staff of Geu. S. Burdette, Commander-in-Chief of G. A. R., and is at present Department Commander of Department of Indiana G. A. R. He is also colonel of the Fourth Regiment of In- diana Brigade Uniform Rank of K. of P. In politics he is a Republican. His wife was a Miss Mary C. Henry, to whom he was married in August, 1862. JOHN A. ZUCK, City Clerk, Malison, Indiana, is a native of Jefferson ci and was born in the city of Madison May 19, 1851. He is the son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Roberts) Zuck, who were natives of Pennsylvania and Kentucky respectively. His father came to Madison in 1S32, and was for many years a prominent business man of the city, engaged in the grocery business ; he served the City Council in 1851. Mr. John A. Zuck was raised in Madi- son, was educated in the public schools; commonly he was out of school at work in his father's store. 300 JEFFERSON COUNTY At the age of thirteen he went into the army, in Co. E, One hundred and thirty, seventh Regiment Indiana Vol. Infantry, as a drummer boy ; was out about six months, when he came home and resumed his studies. He graduated from National Business College in 1869. Afterward he became a clerk in the dry goods business ; was clerk on a steamboat in the Kentucky river trade, in the employ of the Cincinnati and Louisville Mail Line Company, for three and one-half years. Mr. Zuck was elected City Clerk in May, 1885, and re-elected in 1SS7. He is a Democrat. In February, ,1 876, he was married to Miss LeliaL. Flora,[of Madison. Mr. Zuck is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., Order of Red Men, K of P. Is Grand Senior Saga- more of Indiana in the Order of Red Men, which is the second office in rank in that Order ; and is in line of promotion to the office of Great Sachem in that order. Is a P. G. in the I. 0. 0. F. and P. C. in the K. of P. o LBS 20 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS DDQlflT1375D