Gass l7 S% 7' Book . /^ r?./ ( li The Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry The Campaigns of The Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry First Known as **The Luzerne Regiment" Being the Record of Nearly Four Years' Continuous Service, from October 7, 1 861, to July 12, 1865, in the War for the Suppression of the Rebellion Compiled under Authority of the Regimental Association Smith B. Mott Late Quartermaster of the Regiment Press ^ J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 1911 p, or ^ DEDICATED WITH A comrade's LOVE TO The "Old Boys" of the Fifty-Second Penna. Volunteers " Both they who abide on this hither side And the comrades gone over the great divide," ESPECIALLY TO THE MEMORY OF THOSE COMRADES OF THE FIFTY-SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS " Who rendered the last full measure of devotion, and Gave their lives that the Nation might live." Preface As stated in the " Authorization " article following this Preface, the original scope of the work contemplated only a pamphlet publication. The writer, therefore, con- densed the work as much as possible. Had the com- pilation of a larger volume been originally decided upon, — and the consequent expenditure of time and money been provided for, — no doubt a much more full and complete history could have been produced. This story of the regiment, however, covers the ground pretty thoroughly in a general way. The Survivors (who are the ones most deeply interested in its publication) will, no doubt, be glad to go over the ground of their tramp, tramp, tramping — nearly fifty years ago — in imagination with the writer, as he succinctly recites the story. At least, as the recital proceeds their memories will be refreshed, and scenes recalled in which they took a part and were a part, of that momentous epoch — the War of the Re- bellion. The lapse of time — nearly half a century — since the events recorded herein transpired, and the death of so many of the older men of the regiment, the dispersion of many of the living to places far away and others to places unknown, preclude any attempt to obtain detailed accounts in the form of personal narratives. A few, however, are included and are very interesting. A roster of officers and enlisted men of the regiment, giving the names of all who belonged to it during the 7 Preface four years, as nearly as could be ascertained from the records available to the writer, has been added to the work. In this no doubt some errors may be discovered. A considerable portion of this roster is compiled from Bates's History of Pennsylvania Volunteers. Some errors were found in that history, and some also in actual copies of muster-out rolls. Company clerks were not always correct, and some- times were careless as to dates and the spelling of names. In one or two instances the rolls show a soldier mustered- out several months before he was mustered-in. One important item the clerks who made up the rolls failed to note, and that was the " wounded," They mention " killed " and " died of wounds " and some " discharged on account of wounds," but a great many who were wounded have no mention made of it on the rolls. It was impossible, therefore, to make up separate lists, and the details under the heading " Remarks " will have to be accepted as the fullest information now obtainable. The writing on the rolls is sometimes impossible to decipher, for instance " S " and " L " being written so nearly alike that they cannot be distinguished one from the other. If, then, some errors are discovered, do not place the blame at once upon the compiler. The fault may not be his. The Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers was, for nearly three years of the time it was in service, in one brigade. In Washington, D. C, and until it ar- rived before Yorktown, Va., the brigade was commanded by Colonel W. W. H. Davis, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania regiment. It was then under com- mand of Brigadier-General Henry M. Naglee through all the battles of the Peninsula Campaign in which the 8 Preface brigade took part, and until it reached North Carolina, with exception of a few months in the summer of 1862, when Brigadier-General Emory was in command temporarily during the absence of General Naglee. In North Caro- lina Colonel Davis was again in command of the brigade, and also in South Carolina the greater part of the time. Some of the regiments were detached from the brigade and again returned to it, but from the time the " provis- ional brigade " was formed at Washington in November, 1861, until the 13th of June, 1864, the Fifty-second Penn- sylvania and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania were inseparably connected with the same brigade. In the closing campaign with Sherman's army in North Carolina the regiment was in " Moore's brigade." Therefore in the following pages the brigade is often mentioned, as " Naglee's Brigade " or " Davis's Bri- gade," etc., or that it marched, or camped, or was engaged in an action, or reconnoissance, at this place or that, without mentioning the Fifty-second Regiment explicitly. This is deemed a more satisfactory way of explaining movements than simply recording that the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was at this, that, or another place at a certain time, leaving the reader in doubt as to whether or not there were other troops engaged with it or within miles of the place. It seems to the writer as being more nearly what the " Survivors " desire than the nar- row contracted view of things from within the lines lim- ited by the regimental guards. Without the environ- ment, the surroundings, and the connections with other regiments and larger bodies of troops (in the movements of which the regiment was simply an integer) the regi- mental history would be a stilted story, and fail to satisfy 9 Preface those anxious to know more fully what was taking place in which the regiment had a part. Sketches of the lives of Colonel Henry M. Hoyt, Colonel John B. Conyngham, Major George R. Lennard, also of Colonel Ezra Hoyt Ripple, who succeeded Major Lennard as president of the Regimental Association, with portraits, are included at the end of the history. Some interesting " Addenda " are also appended, one of con- siderable interest being a correspondence furnished by H, C. Miller, secretary of the Association, in regard to some peculiar pikes found among the defensive works of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, S. C. One of the letters was written by General G. T. Beauregard, C.S.A. The table of " Contents " furnishes almost a complete outline or itinerary of the movements in which the regi- ment took part. The compilation as it is, with any faults it contains or matter it fails to contain, has been a labor of love on the part of the historian. Were it not for the fact that a large number of the " Survivors," and of their families and friends, and the relatives of deceased comrades, are anxiously looking forward in anticipation of the produc- tion of the history at the "Fiftieth Anniversary" to be held this year in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., the " historian " would not have had the courage to go on and complete it. The work involved was far beyond anything anticipated, and the difficulties encountered in getting the data and securing its publication were almost insurmountable. That all the difficulties may be overcome, and that it may be ready to be placed in the hands of those who will prize it, with all its imperfections, at the next reunion, is the heartfelt desire of the compiler. 10 Preface AUTHORIZATION. At the twenty-third reunion of the Fifty-second Regi- ment, Pennsylvania Volunteers Survivors Association, held at Lake Winola, Pa., September 13, 1910, it was resolved that the Association have published a history of the regiment, and Smith B. Mott was appointed his- torian. The president of the Association was directed to appoint a committee of five members, the president to be a member and chairman thereof, for the purpose of having compiled and printed a history of our regi- ment of as large size as contributions from the members of the Association will permit, and in time for distribu- tion at the fiftieth anniversary, to be held in Wilkes- Barre, Pa., in 1911. In pursuance of this action the president, Wm. McClave, appointed the committee as fol- lows : Wm. McClave, chairman, Herman C. Miller, secre- tary and treasurer, Smith B. Mott, historian, Irvin E. Finch, and Joseph R. Harper. At first it was decided to publish only a condensed his- tory of the regiment in pamphlet form, but the accumu- lation of material, including a roster, was found to ex- ceed the limits originally intended, and to make it desir- able to publish the work in book form under authority of an Act of Assembly, approved May 11, 1905, to wit: " An Act to authorize the purchase of historical works relative to the services of Pennsylvania Volunteers dur- ing the late Civil War," and the said committee subse- quently authorized the historian to complete the com- pilation of the volume and have it published in book form under the provisions of the above-mentioned Act of Assembly. When the manuscript had been prepared by Preface the historian, it was approved by the committee, as shown by the following certificate : ScRANTON, Pa., June 30, 191 1. To Whom it may concern : This is to certify that Smith B. Mott is the authorized " His- torian," appointed by the " Fifty-second Pennsylvania Regiment Survivors Association " to prepare and have published a History of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volunteers, and further that the manuscript of said history as prepared for publication by him is satisfactory to the committee appointed by said Association to take charge of all matters appertaining to publishing of said History. Signed : Wm. McClave, Chairman, Herman C. Miller, Secy. & Treas., Smith B. Mott, I. E. Finch, Jos. R. Harper, Committee. 12 Contents CHAPTER I Formation of the Regiment — At Camp Curtin — Going to Wash- ington — Camps and Barracks at the Capital — Col. Davis's Brigade — Drilling on Meridian Hill — Carver Barracks 25-26 CHAPTER n Leaving Washington for the Peninsula — Alexandria, Fort Mon- roe, and Newport News — The Fifty-second " under fire," for the first time, from a rebel fort 27-29 CHAPTER HI General Naglee takes command of the brigade in front of York- town — McClellan's siege operations — Yorktown evacuated — A Fifty-second boy killed by a torpedo in roadway — Battle of Williamsburg — Naglee's Brigade supports Hancock's charge 30-34 CHAPTER IV " On to Richmond " — The Fifty-second sheds first blood on the Chickahominy, May 20, 1862 — Capt. Davis, of the Fifty- second, and his sharp-shooters — Naglee's reconnoissance to Seven Pines — The Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania at the front 3S~42 CHAPTER V Trouble brewing — The ominous sounds of rebel preparation — Battle of Fair Oaks, or " Seven Pines," May 31, 1862 — The " plan " of the enemy — A stubborn resistance against over- whelming forces of the enemy — The attempt to crush Keyes's Corps is frustrated — Sedgwick's Division arrives from the north bank — The day ends with a victory on the right — Gen. Jos. E. Johnston, the Confederate Commander- in-Chief, wounded 43-52 13 Contents CHAPTER VI Another account of the battle — Some preliminary corrections of Greeley's graphic description of the contest— Johnston's preparations — Casey's Division enveloped by masses of the enemy — Naglee's Brigade charges with bayonet — Saving the guns from capture — Sedgwick's timely arrival on the right — The second day's battle only briefly mentioned — The rebels retired to Richmond, he says, "wholly unmolested" S3-70 CHAPTER Vn The second day at Fair Oaks — Councils of war, by both Union and Confederate Commanders, decide to attack next morn- ing, June ist — Positions of the forces on both sides — The rebels attack at daylight — They furiously charge our lines repeatedly, and are repeatedly repulsed — The day ends by the enemy being driven from the field and Casey's camps being regained — Consternation in the rebel capital — " We know now," says McClellan's chief of artillery, " that it could have been followed into Richmond" — The losses. .71-77 CHAPTER Vni The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with Naglee's Brigade, return to fortify at the Chickahominy bridges — Porter's Corps forced back to Gaines's Mill — It crosses to the south side after a stubborn fight on the north bank — Naglee holds a " memorial service " in memory of the dead — The " change of base " to the James is commenced — Naglee's Brigade holding the bridges, and following the Army of the Potomac as rear guard across White Oak Swamp, being the last to cross — Naglee's Brigade, by special order of McClellan, is retained at White Oak Swamp Crossing as rear guard — With Franklin's Corps it is charged with the defence of that crossing — Positions of the troops 78-81 CHAPTER IX Stonewall Jackson hesitates at White Oak Swamp Crossing — With General D. H. Hill he made a reconnoissance, but " retired rapidly " — The Fifty-second Pennsylvania deployed in the swamp — The crossing held all day (June 30th) under 14 Contents heavy artillery fire — The enemy's attempts to cross are frus- trated — A plucky Irish woman on the battle-field — The enemy repulsed at Glendale — Franklin's Corps moves on towards Malvern Hill, leaving Naglee's Brigade as rear guard to hold the crossing against Jackson and Hill — At lo P.M., Naglee follows Franklin — He leaves part of the brigade at the crossing all night — Col. Van Wyck, Fifty- sixth New York, finally leads the remaining portion of the rear guard away at 2 a.m., July ist — Col. Hoyt's ac- count — Hazzard's Battery in peril 82-91 CHAPTER X General Naglee's account of the " change of base " and the seven days' battles, retirement to the James River, and a tribute to the men of his command 92-95 CHAPTER XI Malvern Hill — A Union victory — The Army of the Potomac, after it, retired as if defeated — A Confederate account of demoralization in Lee's army — Keyes's Corps designated as rear guard while the army retires to Harrison's Landing — Naglee's and Wessells's brigades detailed for this duty — The army safe at last — McClellan reports only fifty thou- sand with their colors — Lincoln visits the army and finds there 86,500 — Camp duty and occupations at Harrison's Landing 96-99 CHAPTER XII Lee planning an advance on Washington — McClellan slow in re- tiring from the Peninsula — August 15th, Naglee's Brigade leaves the Landing for Yorktown — The Fifty-second Regi- mental Band mustered out — The Army of the Potomac goes to Manassas — Naglee's Brigade remains on the Peninsula — The old Fourth Corps practically discontinued — Keyes, how- ever, remains in command for some time 100-103 CHAPTER XIII Duty at Yorktown and drilHng on the heavy guns there mounted — General Naglee resumes command of the brigade IS Contents — Sunday evolutions on the plains of Gloucester — Major J. B. Conyngham leads an expedition into Mathews County and destroys salt works, with machinery and much salt — General John A. Dix, commanding, came up from Fort Monroe and reviewed the troops — General Naglee takes the brigade, with artillery and cavalry, into Gloucester and adjoining counties — Rebel rangers dispersed and barracks burned, a large tannery destroyed, and much leather, live- stock, and other supplies for the rebel army, captured and brought in — The year 1862 closed with preparations for embarkation on vessels for a trip south 104-107 CHAPTER XIV A " diary " of the trip as kept by one of the survivors — The Fifty-second on board the steamer " Expounder " — A stormy voyage to North Carolina — New- Year's day on the ocean — Beaufort Harbor and Moorehead City — News received of the loss of the " Monitor " in the storm off Hatteras — Camped at Carolina City — Again on board the " Expounder " — Ten days waiting in the harbor for the fleet to rendezvous — The run to Hilton Head, S. C. — An attempt to break the blockade at Charleston by rebel rams as we pass by in the darkness — Camp on St. Helena Island — Again on the briny, this time on board a sailing vessel, the bark " Milton " — The first attack on Fort Sumter by the iron-clads — Its fail- ure and the return from the North Edisto of the transports and troops 108-1 14 CHAPTER XV The troops concentrating in North Carolina in Eighteenth Army Corps — General Naglee given a division command — Col. Davis again the brigade commander — Naglee issues an order recounting the battles of the Peninsular Campaign in which his old brigade was engaged and authorizing the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and other regiments to inscribe the names on their banners — A copy of this order, " General Orders No. 3 " — A month in North Carolina — A battalion of sharp-shooters formed, Lieut.-Col. Hoyt, of the Fifty-second, to command it 1 15-120 16 Contents CHAPTER XVI The sailing of the fleet from Beaufort Harbor, N. C— Passing Charleston and arrival at Port Royal Harbor, S. C— General Naglee in command of the expedition — General Hunter in- corporated the Eighteenth Corps troops into his command— Naglee raises objections— Hunter's order held up for a time— Gen. Naglee finally throws up the sponge and leaves the Department— General Ferry placed in command— The troops board transports for an attack on Charleston— The iron-clad attack on Fort Sumter fails to reduce it— The transports with troops return to Port Royal— The Fifty- second with Davis's Brigade sent to Beaufort, S. C 121-124 CHAPTER XVH At Beaufort, S. C— Col. Davis in command of the post— Col- ored troops there on duty make expeditions— General Q. A. Gillmore supersedes General Hunter as commander of the Department— Busy times begin— The Fifty-second again on transport, landing at Folly Island— Davis's Brigade leads an attack on James Island— It is to draw attention of enemy from Gillmore's descent upon Morris Island— Gen- eral A. H. Terry in command of the forces on James Island— The rebels attack Terry and the gun-boats in the Stono River— A hot engagement ensues— The "Pawnee" runs aground and becomes a target for a rebel battery, but finally succeeds in getting position and driving the battery out of range — A transport with one gun on her bow takes a hand in the fight— Quartermaster Ross, of the Fifty-second, makes a record as gunner— The artillery on both sides have a furious duel— The rebel forces, massed for a charge, decimated by combined fire of our gun-boats and bat- tery and retire from the field— The Fifty-second Pennsyl- vania on the picket line at night— Gillmore having obtained a foothold on Morris Island, Terry is withdrawn to Folly Island 125-131 CHAPTER XVIII At the north end of Folly Island— Gillmore's troops under lead of General G. C. Strong assault Fort Wagner the second 2 17 Contents time — It results in failure with a heavy loss in officers and men — General Strong mortally wounded — General Seymour wounded — Col. Shaw, Fifty-fourth Massachusetts (colored), and Col. Putnam, Fourth New Hampshire, were killed, and Colonel Chatfield, Sixth Connecticut, was mortally wounded — Failing to carry Fort Wagner by assault, General Gillmore resumes siege operations — General Terry succeeds Seymour in command of troops on Morris Island — Col. Davis in com- mand on Folly Island 132-133 CHAPTER XIX THE SIEGE OF FORT WAGNER. The first parallel completed July 17th, before the assault was made — On July 23d the second parallel commenced — On July 25th breaching batteries begun — Heavy guns mounted — The " Left Batteries " and magazines — The " Surf Battery " — July 24th an exchange of prisoners in the harbor — July 29th the enemy open fire from a new battery — July 31st General Vodges relieved Col. Davis on Folly Island — August ist Gordon's Brigade, of Eleventh Corps, arrives, followed by that of General Schimmelfennig — August 3d Capt. Paine, One Hundredth New York, captured — August 3d the erec- tion of " Swamp Angel " battery commenced — Augast gth the third parallel opened by "flying sap" — August 17th to 23rd the breaching batteries concentrate their fire on Fort Sumter and in one week make it a wreck — August 19th "Swamp Angel" battery completed — August 22d the Fifty- second Pennsylvania, with Davis's Brigade, go to Morris Island for three days' duty in trenches — August 22d the fourth parallel opened three hundred yards from Wagner — August 26th fifth parallel opened two hundred yards from Wagner — August 29th Davis's Brigade ordered to Morris Island to remain — September 5th the " flying sap " strikes the ditch on front of Wagner — September 6th General Gill- more decides to assault Wagner next morning 134-139 CHAPTER XX THE PLAN FOR THE ASSAULT ON " WAGNER." Troops to be massed in the trenches close up to the fort — Two regiments to attack on the front face— One brigade to attack 18 Contents the rear face and Davis's Brigade to pass the fort and in- trench beyond it— The troops marshal for the charge— The signal is delayed — A deserter from the rebel works an- nounces the fort evacuated — The report is verified and found to be true — Morris Island comes fully into our possession and the siege is over — Some of the enemy captured in boats —The " Boat Infantry " was not able to intercept the retreat or more would have been captured 140-142 CHAPTER XXI Admiral Dahlgren plans an attack on Sumter by boat— It was well advertised to enemy, and, of course, failed — The moni- tor " Weehawken " aground under enemy's batteries — The iron-clad fleet to the rescue — Rebel forts silenced and maga- zines blown up— The "Weehawken" finally rescued— New works erected on Morris Island after its capture I43~i45 CHAPTER XXII SECOND BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER. Battery Chatfield and other batteries give Sumter another severe hammering— Then Major Conyngham, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, makes a reconnoissance at night in boats to Sumter— He did not assault the fort, as he found it well defended— The bombardment continued — Charleston also re- ceived the attention of our batteries at Cummings Point and Chatfield— This was kept up almost continuously during the winter of 1863 and '64 H^r-iA? CHAPTER XXIII RE-ENLISTMENT OF " VETERANS." Congress by an act (joint resolution) authorized re-enlistments — About one hundred and twenty-five of the Fifty-second accept the provisions of this resolution as of January i, J864— Col. H. M. Hoyt and Adjutant Henry A. Mott accom- panied the " Veterans" to Scranton, Pa., on their thirty- day furlough, and returned with them — Expeditions to John's Island and Kiowa Island— Also to Bull's Bay — Work and duty on Morris Island severe— The gar- 19 Contents rison much reduced by withdrawal of the Ninth Maine and One Hundredth New York Regiments — The Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania sent to Hilton Head, S. C — General Terry, with the Tenth Army Corps (so-called), sent to Virginia to join the Army of the James — The Fifty-second returned to Folly Island in June, 1864, parting company with One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- vania finally — Thence it went to Morris Island, its old tramping ground 148-150 CHAPTER XXIV ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO TAKE CHARLESTON. General J. G. Foster, now in command of the Department, plans an advance on the city with four separate columns of troops — The Fifty-second Pennsylvania leads one of the attacking columns — It crosses the inner harbor in boats at night — Col. Hoyt and Lieut.-Col. Conyngham land at the head of their men and capture a battery, they then lead their small force against Fort Johnson gallantly, but, lacking support, are un- able to carry it — Acting Adjutant Bunyan, Captain T. B. Camp, Lieut. J. G. Stevens, Lieut. Thomas Evans, and one hundred and thirty-five men are all that land with the two colonels — Lieutenant Bunyan and six enlisted men killed and sixteen wounded — All those not killed became prisoners — Of those captured more than fifty died in Southern prisons — General Foster, in orders, very highly commended the officers and men who landed 151-156 CHAPTER XXV THE FORT JOHNSON AFFAIR (CONTINUED). Col. Hoyt's first report written from Charleston jail — His official report made after his release and return — Extract from Re- port of Major E. H. Little, One Hundred and Twenty- seventh New York Volunteers — Extract from Report of General J. G. Foster — Extract from Report of General Sam. Jones, commanding, to General Cooper, Asst. Ins. General C. S. A., Richmond, Va. — Some of the reasons ascribed for the failure of other boats of the expedition to get over the bar and go to shore — A question of guides and the selection 20 Contents of one from the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York to pilot the flotilla across the harbor, who did not get his own boat to shore, given as one of the reasons — Cor- poral Wm. Scott, a "survivor" of Co. K, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, gives his experiences as a guide, pilot, and harbor scout of the " Boat Infantry " — Duties of the Boat Infantry described I57~i65 CHAPTER XXVI THREE-YEAR MEN (nOT RE-ENLISTED) MUSTERED OUT. The term of service of a large number of the original three- year members, who did not re-enlist, expired November 4, 1864, and they were mustered out — Several officers also took their discharge at this time— Duty of the regiment on Black Island, and expedition to destroy the bridges on the Savannah Railroad— Corporal M. D. Fuller, of Co. " H," in command of a " mosquito battery " — In January, 1865, Captain Hennessy gets up a "circus" in the harbor (driv- ing a rebel vessel ashore), and receives the thanks of Gen- eral Schimmelfennig— Indications of rebel preparations for leaving Charleston 166-168 CHAPTER XXVII ENTERING CHARLESTON, S. C. Description by Captain R. W. Bannatyne, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania— Major Hennessy starts in the boat "Ripley" for Fort Sumter— He places our flag on the parapet of the fort— Fort Ripley and Castle Pinckney occupied— Hen- nessy's boat first at dock in Charleston— Rebel iron-clads blown up as the city falls— The United States flag placed on the post-office— The citadel and arsenal occupied by the Fifty-second Pennsylvania 169-173 CHAPTER XXVIII Occupation of forts and batteries — Bivouac at the race-course — Expedition to Monk's Corners — Camp at Mount Pleasant — Aboard transports again— Land at Newberne, N. C I74~I7S 21 Contents CHAPTER XXIX WITH Sherman's army. Goldsboro, N. C, occupied by General Schofield with Twenty-third Corps — Terry with his forces moving from Wilmington— Sherman's left wing fights a battle at Benton- ville — Sherman's army concentrated at Goldsboro — The Fifty-second Pennsylvania placed in First Brigade, Second Division, Twenty-third Corps— Colonel John B. Conyng- ham rejoins and takes command of the regiment 176^177 CHAPTER XXX The march with Sherman through North Carolina — Pitch and other things burned in the piny woods — News of Lee's sur- render at Appomattox — Great rejoicing by the troops on the march — Sherman's army enters Raleigh, the capital, April 13th — General Johnston ready to negotiate terms of surrender — The news of Lincoln's assassinatioTi throws gloom over the army — On April 19th terms agreed upon, subject to approval at Washington — General Grant quietly arrives at Raleigh — Sherman then offers same terms given Lee — Terms accepted April 26th — General Schofield charged with duty of receiving surrender — Sherman's four corps march for Washington, D. C 178-181 CHAPTER XXXI The Fifty-second Pennsylvania sent to Salisbury, N. C. — There on duty until July 12, 1865 — Telegraphic orders for muster- out received — Entrained for the North — City Point and Harrison's Landing — Hard-boiled eggs once more at York, Pa. — Harrisburg and home 182-183 APPENDIX Biographical Sketches — In Memoriam — Roster of the Fifty- second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers — Addenda ... 185-266 22 Illustrations PAGE Colonel John C. Dodge 25 Henry M. Naglee 30 Map of Richmond and Surroundings 43 The Transport " Expounder " 109 General Quincy A. Gillmore 125 Charleston Harbor and Surroundings 132 Fort Sumter 138 Henry A. Mott 148 Lieutenant-Colonel John A. Hennessy 1 67 General Henry M. Hoyt 187 Colonel John B. Conyngham 190 Major G. R. Lennard 194 Mrs. (Major) George R. Lennard 194 Colonel Ezra Hoyt Ripple 198 William McClave 262 Herman C. Miller 262 Sergeant I. E. Finch 262 Joseph R. Harper 262 Smith B. Mott 262 COLONEL JOHN C. DODGE Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. The Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers 1861 to 1865 CHAPTER I. FORMATION OF THE REGIMENT. On August I, 1861, John C. Dodge, Jr., of Lycoming County, who had been a captain in the Eleventh Pennsyl- vania Regiment in the three months' service, was given authority to raise a regiment. The ten companies which afterwards formed the Fifty-second Regiment were re- cruited during August and September in Luzerne, Clinton, Union, Columbia, Wyoming and Bradford Counties. Several of the companies were mainly recruited in Scran- ton, and vicinity, then a part of Luzerne County, now Lackawanna. By October ist all the ten companies were in Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, and the regimental organ- ization was completed October 7, 1861, by the selection of the following field officers : John C. Dodge, Jr., colonel ; Henry M. Hoyt, lieutenant-colonel; John B. Conyngham, major. The last two were from Wilkes-Barre as also was Company A, and the Wvoming Cornet Band, of the same place, under the leadership of Prof. Fred. Wagner, became part of the organization as the regimental band. A very handsome set of colors, — State flag and U. S. flag, — were presented to the regiment by Governor Cur- tin on behalf of the State, before leaving for the seat of war. On November 8, 1861, the regiment left Camp Curtin, entrained in box cars, and proceeded via York, 25 The Fifty- Second Regiment Baltimore, and Relay Junction, to Washington, D. C. Its first camp there was on Kalorama Heights north of Georgetown. Then out on Seventh Street until about the first of January, 1862, when the four regiments compos- ing the brigade to which the Fifty-second was attached, went into barracks just completed on Fourteenth Street, in the northwestern section of the city, called Meridian Hill. The brigade was made up of the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth New York, and the Eleventh Maine, under command of Colonel W. W. H. Davis, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania. The barracks were one-story frame buildings, sixteen feet wide by eighty feet long, each regiment having twelve of these, — one for the field and staff officers, one for non-commissioned staff and band, and one for each company. The Fifty-second barracks were along the east side of Fourteenth Street, facing an open parade ground seven hundred feet across, the other three regiments occupying the other three sides of the square, which was on the west side of Fourteenth Street. The fields surrounding the barracks were used for drill purposes, — company, regiment, and brigade. While encamped in Washington, a call was made for volunteers to serve on gun-boats in the western river flotilla, and ten men went from the Fifty-second Penn- sylvania, one from each company. Several of them were killed by an explosion on the " Mound City " in an engagement a few months after leaving the regiment. While there also, First Lieutenant Frederick Fuller, of Company I, was transferred to the Signal Corps, with which branch of the service he remained thereafter, achieving a most enviable record. 26 CHAPTER II. LEAVING WASHINGTON FOR THE PENINSULA. On the 28th of March, 1862, the brigade packed up their traps, bade good-by to Carver Barracks, and, with flags flying and bands playing, marched down Fourteenth Street to the Long Bridge, which it crossed at route step singing patriotic songs. Passing Fort Runyon on the other side, it marched out to the cross-roads not far from Alexandria, and camped on the " sacred soil." The day had been fine and sunny, but at evening a drizzling rain set in, followed by sleet and snow, making the first night's camping out, after leaving the warm shelter of the bar- racks, a pretty severe foretaste of the real soldiering to follow. Shelter tents and straw somewhat relieved the situation. The brigade, still under command of Colonel Davis, was attached to Casey's Division of the Fourth Army Corps, and designated as the First Brigade, Third Division. General E. D. Keyes, a West Point graduate, was in command of the corps. After two days of rain the brigade was marched to the docks at Alexandria, where it embarked on the vessel " Constitution," bound down the Potomac for Fort Monroe, to take part in Mc- Clellan's peninsular campaign. The vessel was a very large one, and the five regiments — the One Hundredth New York having been added to the brigade just be- fore leaving Washington — were crowded on board. Gen- eral Casey with his staff was also on board. Finding the cargo too much for the vessel, the One Flundred and Fourth Pennsylvania was transferred to another trans- port, and the next morning, Monday, March 31st, the 27 The Fifty- Second Regiment vessel went on its way down the river. At a point near Aquia Creek the " Constitution " went fast aground, where it remained all night, with a gun-boat for protec- tion, fearing the enemy might shell the stranded craft from the Virginia shore. The next morning the ship was " tugged " out into the channel and went on down to Old Point, where it anchored April ist in Hampton Roads. The troops were transferred to smaller trans- ports and landed at different points. The Fifty-second was taken on board the " Hero " to Newport News, where it landed on a temporary dock. Hampton Roads had less than a month before been the scene of the de- struction of part of our wooden fleet by the iron-clad " Merrimac," and the duel with the " Monitor," March 9th, when the rebel ram was forced to run back into the EHzabeth River under the protection of their batteries, a defeated giant. As the Fifty-second Pennsylvania on the " Hero " went up the roadway to Newport News, it passed the " Monitor " lying at anchor, and further up the remains of the destroyed vessels, " Cumberland " and " Congress." The mast-head of the " Cumberland " had the flag still flying only a few feet above the water in which she sank, while the burned remains of the " Con- gress " were lying nearer the north shore. Before reach- ing its destination the " Hero " was fired upon from a rebel battery at Pig's Point on the south side of the Roads, but the shot, although a good liner for the boat, fell in the water several hundred yards short. The Fifty-second had been under fire. After landing, the regiment marched a few miles up the Richmond road and went into camp. Casey's division was encamped in this vicinity until Wednesday, April i6th, when it 28 Pennsylvania Volunteers marched up to Warwick Court House in a broiling sun for twenty miles, giving the troops a regular Turkish bath with their clothes on. The next day Casey's divis- ion took up its position as a part of the line from York- town to Warwick, in front of Lee's Mills. On the right, in front of Yorktown, McClellan was throwing up redoubts and bastions, and bomb-proofs and epaule- ments, salients, revetements, and other things mentioned in military engineering works, too numerous to men- tion. He was bringing up also heavy siege-guns and mounting them on these works in very formidable array. CHAPTER III. IN FRONT OF YORKTOWN. On the 226. of April, Franklin's division of Mc- Doweirs First Corps was added to our forces, and the next day, April 23d, General Henry M. Naglee took command of our brigade, relieving Colonel Davis, who resumed command of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania. The position of the Union forces was now as follows : on the right Heintzelman's Third Corps ; in the centre Sumner's Second Corps ; on the left Keyes's Fourth Corps of three divisions, — Smith on the right, Casey in the centre, and Couch on the left. On April 29th Naglee's brigade made a reconnoissance in front of Lee's Mills, and a skirmish with the enemy developed the fact that they were still there in force. On May ist, as the siege guns were about ready to open fire upon their works, the enemy was discovered to be falling back, and on May 4th the brigade moved from camp and advanced in line of battle towards their works, soon ascertaining that they were evacuated. The line then broke into column and took the road passing through their line of works. The enemy had planted torpedoes in this roadway. One of them was exploded by a private named John Pruyne, in Company F of the Fifty-second, step- ping on it, and he was instantly killed, while nine others of the same company were more or less wounded. Colonel Dodge, Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt, and Company A of the Fifty-second had passed before the explosion took place. More of the dastardly things were discovered in the 30 HENRY M. NAGLEE Brigadier-General. CommarKier of " Naglee's Brigade.' Pennsylvania Volunteers roadway, evidenced by little heaps of fresh dirt where they were planted, and guards were stationed at each one discovered to prevent the troops from stepping on them as they passed. Southern writers have attempted to prove that their side never resorted to such low-down warfare as planting sub-terra shells in roadways, but Jeff. Davis, in his " Rise and Fall of the Confederacy " (vol. ii, p. 97), mentions their employment to check a marching column, quoting from General Rains's report of this very retreat, as follows : " Fortunately," says Rains, " we found in a mud-hole a broken ammunition wagon containing five loaded shells. Four of these, armed with a sensitive fuse primer, were planted in our rear," etc. General Joseph E. Johnston says, in his re- view of the campaign entitled '* Manassas to Seven Pines" (Century Magazine), "Such an occurrence would have been known to the whole army, but it was not; so it must have been a dream of the writer." We found it no " dream " when our boys were blown to pieces by the dastardly contrivance. This distressing episode did not long delay our ad- vance, and Naglee's column went forward on the road towards Williamsburg. Just as it was debouching into the main road from Yorktown, Heintzelman's column came up, and he. being the senior officer, claimed the advance. The division was halted so long by passing troops that it went into camp for the night. Next morn- ing it went forward, reaching Cheesecake Church at 10 A.M. At this time Hooker was hotly engaged about two miles farther on. where the enemy had thrown up earth- works and constructed rifle-pits, redoubts, etc., across the narrow peninsula in front of Williamsburg, determined 31 The Fifty- Second Regiment there to put a stop to our triumphant march towards Richmond. The rain was pouring steadily down as the troops advanced, and the mud was getting deeper and deeper as they churned it up with their tramp, tramp, tramp, towards the firing Hne ahead. The brigade was hahed in the woods within hearing of the battle going on in front, and the trees felled for defence, showing that it was being held as reserve instead of being put into the fight. In the afternoon the order to go forward came, but, before half of the distance had been covered, the order was changed, and Naglee was directed to double- quick his troops to support Hancock on the right. The right of our line was two miles away, and double-quicking through well-trodden Virginia fields took some time, as well as " taking the tuck out " of the boys, but they " got there " in time to support Hancock in his final charge, which cleared the field and rifle-pits in front of the rebel works, ending the day with victory perched upon our banners. The drizzling rain continued long into the night. The ambulances and stretchers brought in their loads of wounded heroes gathered from the bloody field, to be treated as best they could be by the surgeons' knives and probes and bandages, then laid aside to suffer, perhaps to die. During the night it cleared off with a cold wind from the northwest, chilling the weary, wet, and mud- bedraggled soldiers, sleeping — or vainly trying to sleep with their arms in their hands — in the woods and on the fields where they had marched and fought and many of their comrades had fallen. During the night the enemy withdrew : perhaps " skedaddled " would better describe it, for they went in haste, leaving their dead on 32 Pennsylvania Volunteers the field and the town of WilHamsburg filled with their wounded. Nearly every house was a temporary hospital. Our medical department also took possession of some of the churches, school and college buildings of Williams- burg for hospital purposes. Our losses for the day McClellan reported as 2228 killed and wounded. The enemy's loss was no doubt less, as they fought behind earthworks, rifle-pits, and felled timber, which our men attacked in the open, and charged upon again and again during the day. Burying the dead, drying out a soaked army, and await- ing supply trains which were dragging along the muddy roads in the rear occupied several days. Naglee's bri- gade started forward again on the morning of May 9th, and on the loth reached Roper's Church, where it re- mained the nth and 12th, the main army moving by the narrow roads, which w^re so blocked by cavalry, artil- lery, troops, and trains as to render progress very slow. At least the enemy were given plenty of time to get back to Richmond and prepare for the oncoming of McClel- lan's army. On the 13th the march was resumed, and to make up lost time was continued until after mid- night, camping at New Kent C. H., on the 14th, and remained there until the 17th, when it went on to Balti- more Cross Roads, remaining there the i8tli, — Sunday, a day of rest. On Monday, May 19th, camped about seven miles east of Dispatch Station on the York River Railroad. It may be proper to state here that on the iSth McClellan had created two more army corps, — the Fifth Corps, under Fitz John Porter, composed of Porter's division (now under Morell), Sykes's regulars, and the 3 33 The Fifty- Second Regiment resen^e artillery; and the Sixth Corps, under Franklin, composed of Smith's division, taken from Keyes's Fourth Corps, together with Franklin's division now under Slocum. Casey's division now became the Second Divis- ion of Keyes's Fourth Corps, and with Couch's First Division moved on together, but with Casey generally in the advance and Naglee's brigade leading. 34 CHAPTER IV. " ON TO RICHMOND. " Keyes's Corps bivouacked on May 20th on the left bank of the Chickahominy opposite Bottoms Bridge. On that day General Naglee organized a company of sharp- shooters from one hundred picked men of the Fifty- second Pennsylvania, which he placed under command of Captain Greenleaf P. Davis, of Company E. These sharp-shooters were from the lumber districts of Penn- sylvania and were splendid marksmen. Supported by the brigade they were immediately pushed to the front to make a reconnoissance to the Chickahominy River. Colonel W. W. H, Davis, who had command of this movement, describes it (in his History of the One Hun- dred and Fourth Pennsylvania Regiment) as follows: " In the evening (May 19th) I received orders to have my regiment under arms early the next morning for a reconnoissance toward the Chickahominy. The force detailed was composed of the One Hundred and Fourth, one hundred picked men of the Fifty-second, and two companies of the Eleventh Maine. We marched up the railroad to within a few hundred yards of the river, which is here twelve miles from Richmond, and is crossed by a trestle bridge. The enemy occupied the opposite bank, and had fired the bridge, which was still burning. The part spanning the stream, about sixty feet in length, was destroyed. A halt was ordered to reconnoitre the position of the enemy and ascertain his probable strength. The river is bordered by a deep swamp, covered with a heavy growth of timber 35 The Fifty- Second Regiment and an almost impenetrable thicket. . . . When the little battalion I led took up its position, the guns opened on us from the opposite side of the river and kept up the fire most of the day. Two of our batteries came down and replied, four pieces occupied the hill in our rear, three to our right on the edge of the railroad, and two just to our left and rear in the road that leads down to Bot- toms Bridge. There we were obliged to stand for hours, our own guns firing over us and the enemy at us, without a chance of replying. We were very fortunate in escap- ing casualties. The troops returned to camp about dark, with only the loss of one man of the Fifty-second wounded." The man wounded was Sid. Taylor, of Com- pany G; so the Fifty-second Pennsylvania shed the first blood on the Chickahominy. Colonel Davis may have been mistaken about the rail- road bridge being partly burned at that time. Comrade Wm. McClave, who was at that time first sergeant of Company K of the Fifty-second, says that himself and Corporal Hugh R. Crawford, of the same company, w^ent out as volunteers on this reconnoissance, and were together at the eastern end of the bridge when the rebels were trying to set fire to it at the other end of a long trestle which carried the bridge over the low swampy ground beyond the river to the high ground ; that he had a Sharpe's carbine (loaned for the occasion from Lieu- tenant John A. Hennessy) which would carry to the farther end of the trestle, which a musket would not do with any certainty, and that with this rifle they pre- vented the rebels from setting fire to the far end of the trestle until General Naglee came down with a battery and drove the enemy away, thus saving the bridge. The 36 Pennsylvania Volunteers enemy had, however, destroyed the bridge on the wagon- road farther down the river known as " Bottoms Bridge," but it was repaired and pieced out with logs the next day — May 2 1 St — sufficiently for a crossing, and Captain Davis with his sharp-shooters, followed by Colonel Davis with the One Hundred and Fourth, went across that afternoon. Colonel Davis says : " The One Hundred and Fourth was the first entire regiment that crossed the Chickahominy, but a few detached companies of skir- mishers preceded it over the same afternoon, May 21st." These skirmishers were Capt. Davis with the Fifty-second Pennsylvania sharp-shooters. The Fifty-second went over also, and on the 23d these two regiments threw up a long line of entrenchments about the head of the bridge facing towards Richmond, having previously made a reconnoissance toward White Oak Swamp without dis- covering the enemy in that direction. On the evening of the 23d General Naglee was selected by General Keyes to carry out the following order he had received from General McClellan : " Your instructions for the reconnoissance to-day are as follows: You will, if possible, advance to the Seven Pines, or the forks of the direct road to Richmond, and the road turning to the right into the road leading from New Bridge to Richmond (Nine Mile road) and hold that point if practicable without incurring too much danger." " In obedience to these instructions," says General Naglee in his official report, " on the rainy morning of the 24th, leaving the Eleventh Maine, Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York in camp, the other regiments of my brigade, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, Colonel Dodge, and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, 37 The Fiftj^- Second Regiment Colonel Davis, were in motion at an early hour. At 8 o'clock they were joined by Mink's Battery H, First New- York Artillery, and Regan's Seventh Independent New York Battery, under command of Colonel Bailey. Gregg's Cavalry did not report until i o'clock p.m. The column was formed and in motion by 9 a.m. Leading out the Williamsburg road we encountered the first picket of the enemy at the Creek run (Boar swamp) about one and a half miles from Bottoms Bridge. These retired as our skirmishers approached, but they increased rapidly as we advanced. About 10 o'clock a deserter was taken to head-quarters of General Keyes, and a courier de- spatched for me to return, that I should ascertain that the forces in my front were Hatton's brigade of five regi- ments of Tennessee infantry, two batteries and a portion of Stuart's cavalry, all under command of General Stuart. Returning to my command at 12 m., I deployed the Fifty-second on the right of the Williamsburg road and extended it across the railroad. The One Hundred and Fourth was deployed to the left of the Williamsburg road without much resistance, and we pressed forward until we came to the wood next beyond Savage Station, where the enemy was prepared to resist our further ad- vance. Regan's battery was placed in position in the front edge of the timber on the right of the road, and shelled the wood on the left of the road, which was about six hundred yards from the battery; this wood extended about four hundred yards along the road and terminated in a line perpendicular with it, which line produced across the road was the commencement of the wood on the right of the road parallel to which the Fifty-second had been deployed, and toward which it was ordered to 38 Pennsylvania Volunteers advance until it should be protected by some houses and some sheds, and an orchard and a fence, three hundred yards from the wood. This movement of the Fifty- second with the shelling from Regan's battery lessened materially the firing of the enemy on the left, and the One Hundred and Fourth was ordered forward. " Our attention was now directed to the wood in front of the Fifty-second where the fire was increasing, and, at the same time, to the batteries of the enemy which some time before had opened, and had been directing their fire upon our batteries and the One Hundred and Fourth. From the front of the wood now occupied by the One Hundred and Fourth, I discovered that the line of battle of the enemy was formed just within the edge of the wood which crosses the Williamsburg road about half a mile from the Seven Pines corner ; that his artillery was in front near the house on the left of the road, supported by infantry lying in the hollow, and that the wood in front of the Fifty-second on the right of the road was occupied by a regiment of skirmishers. Bringing the oblique fire of the One Hundred and Fourth to assist the direct fire of the Fifty-second, I pushed forward the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania along and behind the railroad and ordered the Fifty-second to advance from the fence and buildings directly into the wood in front of it. " This combined movement forced the enemy to leave precipitately the wood on the right. It was now about half-past four p.m.; the batteries of the enemy had annoyed us considerably and it became necessary to drive them from their position. The sharp-shooters of the Fifty-second, selected from men that had lived with the rifle constantly beside them in the lumbering counties of 39 The Fifty- Second Rep^iment Pennsylvania, were ordered forward under Captain Davis ; at the same time a section of Mink's battery was added to Regan's. Having thus advanced all right, we soon corrected the ranges of our artillery, and within half an hour the effects were apparent : the artillery of the enemy could not longer stand against the fire of our artillery and sharp-shooters and were compelled to with- draw. At the same time I discovered an unsteadiness in the ranks of the enemy, and I hurried forward Gregg's cavalry, followed by the remaining two sections of Mink's battery, which were brought into action within four hun- dred yards of the enemy's line, supported by the Eighty- fifth New York and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- vania, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania being on the right; these movements threw the enemy into disorder, and Gregg was ordered to charge ; but, after proceeding some two hundred yards, he received a volley from some skir- mishers that occupied a thicket on the right of the road, and he dismounted his command, fired his carbines, and wheeled into a depression in the ground. I was prepar- ing to follow with skirmishers and to order a second cav- alry charge when an aide of General Keyes brought orders from him that no further pursuit should be made, lest I should bring on a general engagement. " The troops slept on the wet ground, for it had rained all day, in the exposed position last above indicated, and the picket guard for the night, which was necessarily a heavy one, was undisturbed. The pickets put out that night on strange ground by the field officers of the Fifty- second, owing to the exposure in front and on both flanks, extended six miles. In the meantime, discover- ing none of the enem_v in force on either of my flanks, the 40 Pennsylvania Volunteers next day (the 25th) at 12 m., I ordered Captain Davis, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, to extend his sharp-shooters between the Williamsburg road and the railroad and to advance cautiously and so slowly that his advance could hardly be discovered. At 4 p.m., having gained a mile and feeling that the enemy would resist in force any further advance, I took the Eleventh Maine, that had joinedme,the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth, and two sections of Bailey's artillery and moved forward to meet any resistance the enemy might oppose to Captain Davis. We had scarcely started when a dispatch was received indicating that the enemy was assembling in front. Hurrying past the Seven Pines I found Davis's sharp-shooters occupying the front of the wood some five hundred yards beyond the pines, that the lines extended perpendicular to the Williamsburg road and across to the neighborhood of the Fair Oaks Station on the rail- road, and that the enemy was forming in the open field beyond the wood-pile. I immediately ordered the artil- lery to open upon the enemy, advanced the picket line to that of the sharp-shooters, and ordered the Eleventh Maine and One Hundred and Fourth to show themselves as supporting them. The shells thrown over the wood were most fortunate in their range and direction, and the enemy dispersed, " On the following day (the 26th of May), by 3 a.m. the remaining regiments of my brigade were already in position to support the One Hundred and Fourth and the picket line established by the Eleventh Maine and the Fifty-second. At 6 a.m., a rebel force of two regiments of infantry, one of cavalry, and a battery approached, but it avoided my picket line, kept beyond range, and soon 41 The Fifty- Second Regiment after disappeared, evidently reconnoitring our position. / then ordered Captain Davis to advance another mile, zvJiich he did without opposition, and zvhich brought our picket line to the distance of about five miles from Rich- mond, zvJiich zvas as near as I deemed it prudent to go. On the following day, with a portion of Davis's sharp- shooters the line on the right was advanced from the road to Michie's to the Nine Mile road and Garnet's field, and then along Garnet's field to the Chickahominy. In this extended reconnoissance of four days the troops behaved admirably, and especial thanks are due to Colonels Bailey, Davis, Dodge, Howell, Plaisted, and Jordan, and to Captain Davis and his sharp-shooters who contributed more than any other to the successful advance of our lines from Bottoms Bridge, nine miles, to the most advanced line held before Richmond." 42 CHAPTER V. BATTLE OF FAIR OAKS. " During the night of the 27th," says Col. Davis, " there was some unusual stir among the enemy in our immediate front. The rumble of wagons and artillery carriages and the words of command of officers could be distinctly heard and lasted several hours." It is prob- able the enemy were then making new dispositions in preparation for the battle which took place on the 31st. The positions of our advance were also changed some- what in the next two days, Naglee's brigade being moved to the right, extending one regiment (the Fifty-second Pennsylvania) across the railroad in front of Fair Oaks. Davis says: " On the morning of the 29th, the camp of the One Hundred and Fourth was moved over to the Nine Mile road, a quarter of a mile to the right of our old position, and on the same ground where the Fifty- second had been encamped. The day before General Keyes had ordered Casey to move forward the other two brigades of his division to the clearing around Fair Oaks, which was the occasion of our change of location." As a support to the pickets along Garnet's field, the Fifty- second Pennsylvania encamped on the right of the Nine Mile road, half a mile beyond Fair Oaks. No other regiment encamped so near Richmond, and the picket line, extending from White Oak Swamp to the Chicka- hominy, was never advanced beyond the ground won by Captain Davis of the Fifty-second and his sharp-shooters. General Naglee had been intrusted with the building of a bridge over the Chickahominy at a point opposite where 43 The Fifty- Second Regiment Sumner's corps was located on the left side of the stream, in order to open means of communication with the bulk of the army — three corps — still on that side. For this purpose the whole pioneer corps of his brigade, with heavy details, under command of Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, was sent with instructions for its construction. The point selected was at this time above and outside our lines, and our troops on the left bank, hearing the work, opened fire on the party and sent two regiments to drive it away. Work on this bridge — called the Grapevine bridge — was vigorously pushed, so that it was passable on the 31st of May, the day of the battle of Fair Oaks, enabling Sumner to cross and stem the tide of battle on our right that eventful afternoon and evening. The bridge constructed by Sum- ner, farther down, was rendered impassable by the heavy rain and flood of the night before, which prevented Richardson's division of Sumner's corps from reaching the field in time to take part in the first day's fighting. " At this time," May 30th, — says General McClellan, in his report (p. 108), — " Casey's division was disposed as follows : Naglee's brigade, extending from the Williamsburg road to Garnet's field, having one regiment (the Fifty-second Pennsylvania) across the railroad. General Wessell's brigade in the rifle-pits, and General Palmer's in the rear of Wessell's, one battery of artillery in advance with Naglee, one battery in rear of rifle-pits to the right of redoubt, one battery in rear of redoubt, and another battery unharnessed in the redoubt." In the sec- ond line was Couch's division at the Seven Pines, half a mile in the rear, Kearney's division from Savage's sta- tion on the railroad to the Chickahominy. Hooker's 44 Pennsylvania Volunteers division was near the edge of White Oak Swamp, to watch the crossing. The other three corps of the army — Sumner, Porter, and Frankhn — were on the left bank of the Chickahominy. General McClellan had his head- quarters near those of Porter and Frankhn, both of whom he had lately created corps commanders and with whom he kept in close personal touch, while it is claimed he had no personal relations with Sumner, the senior corps commander, whom he treated with coolness if not with disrespect. On the night of May 30th a fearful storm prevailed. Rain fell in torrents. The country was flooded; the Chickahominy overflowed its banks, the swampy ground through which that stream flowed became impassable, and the bridges were so much damaged as to, for a time, practically isolate the two corps — Keyes's and Heintzel- man's — from the other three corps with McClellan on the left bank. " Aware of our difficulties," says McClellan in his account, " our active enemy, on the 31st of May, made a violent attack upon Casey's division, followed by an equally formidable one on Couch, thus commencing the battle of Fair Oaks. Heintzelman came up in support, and Sumner crossed the river with great difficulty and rendered such efficient service that the enemy was checked." It was the intention of the Confederates to annihilate the two corps thus isolated, of which Keyes's corps, with Casey's division in the advance, was within five or six miles of Richmond. General Jos. E. Johnston was in command of the Confederate amiy in front of Richmond, composed of twenty-eight brigades, of which twenty-two 45 The Fifty- Second Regiment brigades were ordered to the attack. Jeff. Davis and General Robert E. Lee, his miHtary adviser, were on the field to advise and direct the movements. Generals Longstreet, D. H. Hill, Huger, and Gustavus W. Smith (with the latter of whom General Johnston made head- quarters) led the rebel hosts to deliver the " crushing blow." General Francis A. Walker, of Couch's corps, says Johnston's plan of attack was as follows : " Huger, commanding his right column, was to move well down the Charles City road and then push in rapidly and fiercely upon Keyes's left and rear. Longstreet and Hill were at a given signal to attack in front down the Williamsburg stage road. G. W. Smith was to attack the Union right at Fair Oaks Station, and, after driving it in, to seize the road by which Sumner might advance from over the river to the support of the Fourth Corps. Huger's movement miscarried, but Longstreet and Hill (about one o'clock p.m.) burst upon Casey's division with great fury." Their thickly swarming brigades flung themselves upon our lines in front and both flanks with a desperate courage born of a belief that circumstances had at last placed a wing of McClellan's army helpless at their mercy. As daring as was the advance not less obstinate was the resistance. Keyes, Casey, Naglee, Couch, Peck, and others threw themselves into the very front of the battle. Generals and colonels acted as file closers or rallied and led forward the troops to resist the progress of the enemy down the Williamsburg road. So stubborn was this resistance that at nightfall the Confed- erates who had begun the action with an overwhelming success, had only been able to push our troops back to 46 Pennsylvania Volunteers the intrenchments or rifle-pits about one and a half miles from the front, where the tide of battle was stayed. While the action in front of Seven Pines on the Wil- liamsburg road was in full progress and before the Con- federates had crossed the Nine Mile road, General Keyes ordered Couch to proceed to Fair Oaks to meet the an- ticipated movement of the enemy against our right wing, vvhich w^as *' in the air," there being no troops except a thin picket line between it and the Chickahominy. Aber- crombie was near Fair Oaks with two regiments and a battery, and Couch took two more regiments to their aid, but soon they were caught in the storm of battle and, in spite of the gallantry of officers and men, the whole line was pressed steadily back. Crossing the Nine Mile road, the Confederates bore down on the Union right flank with continually increasing force. The position of the Fifty- second Pennsylvania, a half-mile to the right and front of Fair Oaks, brought it into action on a different part of the field from that of the other regiments of the bri- gade, and at a somewhat later hour. Two companies were on the picket line, and a heavy detail upon the Chickahominy bridge with Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt, as previously stated. It moved from its camp in line of battle towards Seven Pines, and at first held the extreme right. By the time it had become engaged the enemy had turned the left flank and had broken through on the Williamsburg road. General Naglee, who had been up on this part of the field, in his official report says : " Re- turning rapidly to my Fifty-sixth New York, Eleventh Maine, and Fifty-second Pennsylvania, my anticipations w^ere here realized ; being successful in turning our flank, the enemy had opened a most destructive cross-fire from 47 The Fifty- Second Regiment pieces near the redoubt, and this with the fire from their immediate front was no longer to be endured, and they were withdrawn, marched down the Nine Mile road, and placed in position in rear of this road about three hun- dred yards from the Seven Pines, where soon their ser- vices were required. In the meantime the colonel of the Twenty-third Pennsylvania had come upon the ground occupied by Colonel Dodge with the Fifty-second, and induced him to advance in front and to the right of the position that had been assigned him, whilst he, Colonel Neill, occupied that which the Fifty-second vacated. But these dispositions were scarcely made be- fore the masses of the enemy broke through, and a few minutes sufficed to leave the half of Dodge's command on the ground, and to force Neill precipitately from his position. The remaining portion of the Fifty-second (for it was now reduced to a little over a hundred men) was conducted along the Nine Mile road to the Seven Pines, where, finding the rifle-pits occupied, they took possession of a fence and small buildings and did most effective service. Afterwards they crossed to the left of Couch's first position, and advanced two hundred yards into and along the woods to the left and front of Seven Pines, where they remained actively employed until near dark, when the enemy advancing rapidly in masses to the rear of the Nine Mile road, inclined towards the Williamsburg road, sweeping everything from the field, our forces made one general simultaneous movement to the rear, which did not stop until all had arrived at the line of defence. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, being so far to the front, had their line of retreat cut off, and escaped by passing through the woods to the left and rear 48 Pennsylvania Volunteers of the saw-mill at the White Oak swamp, and thence to the line above referred to, where they rejoined their com- rades of the First Brigade." The two companies on the picket line, and the pioneers on the Chickahominy under Colonel Hoyt, reported to General Sumner, when he arrived on the ground, and in the language of his official report, " remained with him until Sunday, rendering most valuable service and behav- ing well." And now, having outlined the battle on the Williams- burg road, and followed the Fifty-second Pennsylvania through its conspicuous part in the sanguinary scenes on that part of the field, let us return to the right under Couch near Fair Oaks, where a most momentous strug- gle took place, which, with the aid of part of the Second Corps under Sumner, coming across with Sedgwick's division, from the north side of the river, and with Kirby's battery lifted, lugged, and dragged through the mud along with him, turned the tide on that part of the battle-field into a most disastrous defeat for the enemy. The Confederates under General Gustavus W. Smith, composing the left wing of their forces, and having with them General Jos. E. Johnston, their commander-in-chief, had been delayed in carrying out their part of the " plan," but late in the afternoon had pushed Couch back to the neighborhood of the Adams House, not far from Fair Oaks Station, where he was manfully holding on in hopes of being reinforced from the other side of the river. General F. A. Walker says : " It was 5 o'clock when the head of Sedgwick's column, issuing from a belt of wood, saw in front Couch's four regiments still massed at the Adams House, uncer- 4 4Q The Fifty- Second Regiment tain whether the arrival of reinforcements would enable them to hold their position, or whether they should be obliged to attempt to cut their way through to rejoin the rest of their corps along the Williamsburg road. Couch's timely withdrawal to the Adams House had not only saved his command from immediate destruction, but had deterred Whiting's (Confederate) division from passing across his front to attack Keyes's right. Uncertain as to Couch's numbers, Whiting had called in four brigades ■ — his own, Hatton's, Hampton's, and Pettigrew's — to attack our troops at the Adams House, while Hood's Texan brigade was halted on its way to attack Keyes, awaiting the issue of the impending contest at Fair Oaks. These dispositions had consumed the time which enabled Sedgwick's column to reach the field. Hardly, however, had the first four regiments of Sedgwick — the First Min- nesota, Fifteenth Massachusetts, Thirty-fourth and Eighty-second New York — been thrown into line on the right and left of Couch's brigade; hardly had the gallant Kirby brought his gleaming Napoleons into battery on the right of the Adams House, when the storm burst. " Three Confederate brigades were heavily massed in a body of woods whose inner edge was held by three regiments, — the First Minnesota on the right, then the Sixty-fifth New York, then the Eighty-second Pennsyl- vania, — extending to the road which led from the Adams House down to Fair Oaks Station. On our left of this road was Kirby's battery, with two guns of Brady's sup- ported by the Sixty-second New York and the Seventh and Fifteenth Massachusetts. This covered the whole front of the enemy's attack, which did not greatl}'- exceed four hun- dred yards. The action was fought under the very eyes so Pennsylvania Volunteers of Generals Smith and Johnston, and the presence of their chiefs inspired the Confederate troops to the most reso- lute and desperate exertions. Again and again did they seek to break through the infantry line on the right of Kirby ; every time they were driven back by the steady fire of the three regiments stationed there. x\gain and again they charged Kirby's battery in front, some of the bravest falling within tifteen feet of Kirby's guns; every time they were swept away by the deadly discharges of canis- ter, double-shotted, which were served them by Kirby and his gallant Lieutenants Woodruff and French. The Union line would not be broken or shaken in its stout defence. " And now the arrival of other regiments crowding up from Grapevine bridge enables General Sumner to assume the aggressive. The white-haired old chieftain, who has never since the first shot was fired been distant ten yards from the infantry line, sends two of Burns's Pennsylvania regiments to the support of the First Minne- sota on the right, where General Sedgwick is watching the fortunes of the battle, directs General Couch to assume command of the centre, and himself proceeds to form a line of battle on the left at right angles with that which had so long withstood the fierce assaults of the Confeder- ates. For this purpose he deploys the Fifteenth IMassa- chusetts. Thirty- fourth and Eighty-second New York, Seventh ^Michigan and Twentieth ^Massachusetts, and leads them across the front of the main line. The charge was timely and it sufficed. The Confederates, heavily massed in the woods, had suffered fearfully from the fire, both of artiller}' and musketry, to which they had been for an hour subjected. Twelve hundred had fallen 51 The Fifty- Second Regiment in their vain efforts to break our Hne, and capture Kirby's guns. General Hatton had been killed , Generals Hamp- ton and Pettigrew severely wounded. The charge of Sumner's new line, taking them in the flank, was some- thing they were ill prepared to resist. " At first our troops advanced, firing, but they gath- ered inspiration as they went on ; of a sudden a sharp clatter along the whole line told that bayonets were being fixed, and with a cheer our men sprang forward and Fair Oaks was won. The enemy sullenly gave way; General Pettigrew, severely wounded, was brought into the hospital at the Adams House, and three field officers, with many wounded and unwounded prisoners, and one, or perhaps two, colors remained in our hands as the fruits of this victory. Night was now fast closing in, and Generals Semmes and Griffith had been hurriedly called in." 52 CHAPTER VI. ANOTHER ACCOUNT OF THE BATTLE. Another account of the operations immediately pre- ceding this battle, and a graphic description of the battle itself, written by Horace Greeley, appeared some years ago in the National Tribune, and is included here as corroborative of the part taken by Casey's division and Naglee's brigade (of which the Fifty-second Pennsyl- vania Regiment fomied a part). There are some obvious errors in his account, which it is deemed best to correct here at the beginning, so it will be read more under- standingly. His first error is in stating that " The first collision on the Chickahominy between the advance of General Mc- Clellan's army and the rebels occurred May 24th near New Bridge." The first scrap was on May 20th at Bot- toms Bridge, in which one hundred picked men of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania under Captain Greenleaf P. Davis, the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania under Colonel W. W. H. Davis, and two companies of the Eleventh Maine were engaged ; and the first man wounded was a soldier of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, as stated by Colonel Davis in his account of that affair heretofore given. So the Fifty-second Pennsylvania shed the first blood on the Chickahominy, and the affair at New Bridge on the 24th was not " the first collision " with the enemy on that historic stream. The next error of Mr. Greeley is where he says, " Couch's division took up — May 28th, by order — a posi- 53 The Fifty- Second Regiment tion some miles in advance, at a place known as Seven Pines, on the direct road from Bottoms Bridge to Rich- mond." The fact is that Naglee's brigade (and Casey's division) held and occupied a position half a mile or more in advance of that which Couch " took up " on the 28th, two or three days previously. The error is in giving the impression that Couch's division " took up a position some miles in advance " and that Casey's division was brought up afterwards, when the contrary was the case. The next error is that where he says, " General Casey ordered up General Naglee's infantry brigade, consist- ing of the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York, Eleventh Maine, and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- vania," leaving out the Fifty-second Pennsylvania en- tirely. This was no doubt purely an oversight of his. An explanation of this may be that the Fifty-second was so far in the advance that Greeley's informant failed to see it. Another error is in saying, " It was a quarter past three before Heintzelman came fairly into the fight." Colonel Davis says, " General Keyes sent to Heintzel- man for reinforcements, but his leading brigade did not arrive until 5 o'clock." Davis also says, " Naglee's bri- gade, on the right of the first line, fought unaided, and troops never made a better defence against overpowering numbers, but he was obliged to fall back, and for the balance of the day his regiments united with those of the second line." The Confederate General Jos. E. John- ston, in his " Manassas to Seven Pines " (see Century Magazine, vol. 30, p. 117, etc.), says of this part of the battle: " Keyes's corps (Casey's and Couch's divisions) was united at Seven Pines and reinforced by Kearney's 54 Pennsylvania Volunteers division (Heintzelman's corps) coming from Savage's Station. But the three divisions were so vigorously- attacked by Hill that they were broken and driven from their intrenchments, the greater part along the Williams- burg road to the intrenched line at Savage's Station. Two brigades of their left, however, fled to White Oak swamp." These two brigades were of Heintzelman's corps, being Jameson's and Berry's brigades (Kearney's division), which had come late on the field and been pushed up the Williamsburg road, were enveloped by the masses of the enemy which came in on their flank and rear, and forced to " take to the woods " bordering White Oak swamp to escape capture, coming back from the left to the line of intrenchments held by Casey and Couch, and to which they had retired down the Williams- burg road, late in the evening. Heintzelman made head- quarters at Savage's house, and was probably no nearer the front than that, or he would not have sent that even- ing a message to McClellan that " he saw no reason why we should have been driven back." Colonel Davis says Heintzelman " was not in the proper place to see it." No doubt when McClellan learned that some of Heintzel- man's division had been forced to flee towards White Oak swamp to escape, there was at least some reason for Casey being driven back, and he gives the reason in his own official report, in which he says : " The enemy came on in heavy force, attacking General Casey simul- taneously in front and on both flanks. General Naglee's brigade with the batteries of General Casey's division, which Naglee directed, struggled gallantly to maintain the redoubt and rifle-pits against the overwhelming masses of the enemy. They were reinforced by one regiment 55 The Fifty- Second Regiment from General Peck's brigade. The left of this position was, however, soon turned, and a sharp cross-fire opened upon the gunners and the men in the ritie-pits; some of the guns in the redoubt were taken, and the whole line was driven back upon the position occupied by General Couch." Another error of Mr. Greeley is in his closing lines, where he says, " Ten days later we had not recovered the ground held by Casey's advance on the morning of May 31." This is so obviously untrue that it hardly needs contradiction, but to set at rest any doubts of the matter let us quote from the account given by the Confederate General Gustavus W. Smith, who succeeded General Johnston in command when the latter was wounded late on the evening of May 31st, and who turned the com- mand over to General R. E. Lee about 2 o'clock the next day, — Sunday, June ist. In his "The Second Day at Seven Pines " (Century Magazine, vol. 30, p. 122, etc.), he says, " During the night of the ist of June the troops under Longstreet quietl}^ fell back to resume their former positions in front of Richmond. The division under Whiting, on the Nine Mile road, remained for several days confronting the Federal position it had attacked north of Fair Oaks Station." It is not probable that Whiting's division, after Longstreet's withdrawal, was on the Nine Mile road much in advance of Old Tavern, and he would not have remained even at that point " several days " had not the commander of the Federal army per- mitted him to remain. Our troops did not reoccupy Casey's camps again, but details were sent there and over the battle-field on Monday, June 2d, to gather and bury the dead, and recover some of our wounded who had Pennsylvania Volunteers been left on the field Saturday afternoon, and whom the rebels had left behind when they retired Sunday night. Among those who went on this sad errand was Chaplain Gries, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania (whose brother, Major Gries, was mortally wounded in the battle and died a few days after), who wrote as follows of that experience : "On Monday, hearing that the rebels had retired during the night, and that our old camp and battle- ground at Fair Oaks was clear, I started to search for the wounded and to bury the dead. When I reached the regiment" (he had been at Savage's Station caring for and shipping away by train the wounded) " Adjutant Hart accompanied me with a fatigue party. We sepa- rated at the fork of the Nine Mile and Williamsburg roads, and divided the party. Close by the house of Seven Pines I found States, of Company F, lying dead. His brother, who was with me, recognized, if he did not see him first. We buried him as decently as possible, and then began to look for more. Close by we found a rebel still groaning, with the maggots swarming in and out of a wound in his head. In a tent were two dead rebel officers, and outside was a captain of a Michigan regiment with his name pinned on his breast. At the old log house we found a sad sight, as well as along the road to it, — dead soldiers. Union and rebel, horses and broken wagons. In the old house were dead and wounded packed together, some of the living hardly showing signs of life. We ministered to them and got them off to the rear. We then struck through the wood toward the line the regiment occupied in the battle, searching for the wounded, but found none except of other regiments. 57 The Fifty- Second Regiment When we got to the Fair Oaks building, we rested by the wood-pile, and in a few minutes a party of our own men, who had gone that road with Captain Pickering, came up to us carrying some of our wounded. I procured an ambulance for their relief, when we struck for the regi- ment. The road was lined with dead horses, and in the fields were dead rebels lying in rows like the wdndrow work of a reaper. The air was loaded wath stench, and the sun was almost overpowering. What with this, and the sights we had seen, and the work we had done, we just managed to drag ourselves back to the rifle-pits." Adjutant Hart, of the same regiment (One Hundred and Fourth Penns3dvania) said: "Never can the recol- lection of that field be effaced from the memory of those who witnessed it on that day. The weather being ex- tremely hot, with frecjuent showers, the dead had become bloated and swollen until their clothes could scarcely con- tain them; the blood still oozing from gaping wounds; the ground saturated with gore. Flies in myriads swamied around; dead horses with saddles and harness still on ; broken guns ; remains of camps with food cooked for Saturday's dinner untouched; the air polluted with stifling odors arising from decomposing bodies ; wounded men in the agonies of death — all tended to make the heart sick and the soul shudder at the sight. I visited the late head-quarters of the One Hundred and Fourth on the Nine Mile road. Here I found the log house filled with wounded and dead soldiers. Some w^ere our own men. The wounded had been refreshed from the stock of provisions left by the field and staff. Here the rebel General Roger A. Pryor had assisted in the ampu- tation of a limb of a member of the One Hundred and S8 Pennsylvania Volunteers Fourth " (see Colonel Davis's History of the One Hun- dred and Fourth Pennsylvania). The following article, written by Horace Greeley and which appeared in the National Tribune^ describes the battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines : " The first collision on the Chickahominy between the advance of General McClellan's army and the rebels occurred May 24, near New Bridge, where the Fourth Michigan, Colonel Woodbury, waded the stream and assailed and drove off a superior rebel force, losing but eight men in all, and taking thirty-seven prisoners, of whom fifteen w^ere wounded. " Directly afterward General Fitz-John Porter, com- manding the Fifth Corps on our right, was ordered by General McClellan to advance from New Bridge via Mechanicsville to Hanover Court-House in order to facilitate and render secure General McDowell's expected junction from Fredericksburg. Starting at 3 a.m., May 27, in a pouring rain, our cavalry advance, under General W. H. Emory, had reached at noon a point two miles southward of the Court House, where the road forks to Ashland, and where the enemy were found in position to bar our further progress. " The Twenty-fifth New York and Berdan's sharp- shooters speedily coming up. they were deployed by, General Emory, with a section of Benson's battery, and thus advanced slowly toward the enemy until reinforced by General D. C. Butterfield, with four regiments of his brigade, when the enemy was charged and quickly routed ; one of his guns being captured by Colonel Lansing's Seventeenth New York. " The cavalry, Benson's battery, and General Morell's 59 The Fifty-Second Regiment infantry and artillery keenly pursued the fugitives, while Martindale's brigade, with a section of artillery, ad- vanced on the Ashland road, pushing back the enemy in his front, until ordered to reform his brigade and move up the railroad to the Court-House. One regiment hav- ing taken that course, General Martindale was left with but two and a half regiments and one section of Martin's battery, when he was attacked by a superior force and compelled to maintain the unequal contest for an hour. " Meantime General Porter, at the Court-House, learn- ing that his rear was thus attacked, faced his whole col- umn about and moved rapidly to the rescue, sending the Thirteenth and Fourteenth New York, with Griffin's battery, directly to Martindale's assistance, pushing the Ninth Massachusetts and Sixty-second Pennsylvania through the woods on the right (west) to take the enem}^ in flank; while Butterfield, with the Eighty-third Pennsyl- vania and Sixteenth Michigan, hastened through the woods still farther to the right, and compelled the rout of the enemy. " The Thirteenth New York, of Colonel G. K. War- ren's brigade, which, having been delayed repairing bridges, had not hitherto been in action, now came up on our left, and, the odds being too palpable, the Confeder- ates made a rapid retreat. Their loss is stated by General McClellan at some 200 killed, 730 prisoners (including wounded), one 12-pound howitzer, many small arms, two railroad trains, and their camp at Hanover Court- House captured and destroyed. We lost 53 killed and 344 Avounded. The rebel force thus defeated consisted of General L. O'B. Branch's Division of North Carolina and Georgia troops, supposed by General McClellan to be about 9000 strong. 60 Pennsylvania Volunteers " FOURTH CORPS ADVANCES. " The Chickahominy opposite Richmond, twenty or thirty miles from its mouth, is a sluggish, oozy mill- stream, three to four rods wide, often fordable, but tra- versing a swampy, miry bottom, generally wooded, half a mile to a mile wide, bordered by low, irregular bluffs. " All the bridges by which it was previously crossed were, of course, destroyed in their retreat by the rebels, but Brigadier-General H. M. Naglee, of Casey's division, Keyes's (Fourth) Corps, leading our advance on the left, crossed it near Bottoms Bridge, May 20, without diffi- culty, wholly unopposed, followed by the rest of the corps three days later, the bridge having been meantime rebuilt. " During the three following days — May 24, 25 and 26 — Naglee made a splendid reconnoissance toward Rich- mond, and to within two miles of the James, on our left ; Couch's division took up — May 28, by order — a position some miles in advance, at a place known as the Seven Pines, on the direct road from Bottoms Bridge to Rich- mond, which he proceeded hastily to fortify with abatis, rifle-pits, etc., and by building up and arming a small redoubt. " Meantime the remaining division (Casey's) of Keyes's corps was advanced to and encamped about the station known as Fair Oaks, on the Richmond and York River Railroad, to the right and rather in advance of Couch's position. " Heintzelman's (Third) Corps had crossed after Keyes's, and been stationed in his rear, but rather to the left, so as to observe the roads debouching on that side from White Oak Swamp, whereby we might be unex- 61 The Fifty- Second Regiment pectedly assailed in flank. Sumner's Corps was still north of the Chickahominy, some miles higher up, ready to cross at command. " General McCIellan was with Fitz-John Porter's and Franklin's Corps at and near New Bridge, nearly ten miles above Bottoms Bridge. Heintzelman, as senior major-general, was in command on the left until Sumner appeared. " The enemy being seen in force barely a mile from our front, Casey's pickets were posted some half a mile in advance of his line. It rained heavily throughout the night of May 30, swelling the Chickahominy to an ex- traordinary height, flooding its miry bottom, and setting afloat several of our new-made bridges. " General Joe Johnston, who accompanied the rebel army, saw his opportunity and resolved to profit by it. The roads of all that region centre upon Richmond, radi- ating thence like the folds of a fan, and affording a con- siderable advantage in manceuvring to the combatant who holds the city. " Johnston's preparations. " Informed by his scouts of the numbers and isolated position of Keyes's Corps, Johnston resolved to assail and crush it before it could be adequately reinforced. To this end he directed Major-General Longstreet, with his own and General D. H. Hill's divisions, the latter in advance, to push out by the Williamsburg road and attack our position in front, while General Huger's, on his right, was to move down the Charles City road and come in on our left flank, and General Gustavus W. Smith was to move out on the New Bridge road to Old Tavern, taking thence the Nine Mile road to Fair Oaks Station, 62 Pennsylvania Volunteers and so come in on our right. The entire rebel army de- fending RicJinioud — some 40^000 or 50,000 strong — was either engaged in or supporting this movement, with Jefferson Davis, General Lee, and other magnates observ- ing, directing, animating, and giving counsel. " The attacking columns were to move at daybreak, May 31, but the tremendous rains of the preceding after- noon and night had so flooded the earth as to render the moving of artillery exceedingly difficult, the infantry often wading through water two or three feet deep. Huger's flank movement had not yet culminated when Hill, who had for some time waited impatiently in our immediate front, at i p.m. gave the signal to his division to advance and attack. " Casey's division w^as surprised as well as largely out- numbered. Having been scarcely two days in this posi- tion, their defensive works were not of much account, and even their commander did not consider the matter serious until a vidette reported the enemy advancing in force about the same moment that two shells came hiss- ing over their heads. Dropping the axes and spades wherewith they were felling trees for abatis and digging rifle-pits, our soldiers at the front hurriedly stood to their arms as our pickets came running in. " General Casey promptly sent forward Spratt's bat- tery of four 3-inch rifle-guns to a position in front of his rifle-pits, and ordered up General Naglee's infantry bri- gade, consisting of the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York, Eleventh Maine, and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania,* to its support; while he disposed his seven remaining regiments and three batteries on * The S2d Penna. was of this Brigade and already at the front, so it was not necessary to order it up. 63 The Fifty- Second Regiment either side of a small redoubt, which he had hastily con- structed, expecting to hold his ground until the arrival Oil" reinforcements; and ordered his artillery to open on the advancing enemy. " But the odds were too great. The three brigades of Rhodes, Garland, and Anderson were immediately in his front, while that of Rains, by a flank movement, was coming in on his left. The One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, which he had sent forward to the support of his pickets, came rushing back in confusion and went to the rear in disorder, having lost heavily by the rebel fire, and, though musketry and artillery were doing fearful execution on either side, it was plain that we must soon be overwhelmed. " Seeing that the enemy were closing in on him on both wings. General Casey ordered General Naglee, with what remained of his brigade, to charge bayonets and drive them back; which was done, but under a musketry fire that mowed down our men by hundreds. Here fell Colonel James M. Brown, of the One Hundredth New York, and Colonel Davis*, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, whose major was also mortally wounded ; and, our flanks being enveloped, Rains having gained the rear of our redoubt and firing thence on the flank of our infantry, Casey's division was driven back upon Couch, with the loss of six guns. " Colonel Bailey and Major Van Valkenburgh, First New York Artiller)^ were killed and Adjutant Ramsey wounded while endeavoring to save the guns in the re- doubt, which were the next moment seized by Rhodes and turned upon our flying columns. * Col. Davis was wounded, but not mortalh% as he walked off the field. 64 Pennsylvania Volunteers " To the credit of this shattered division be it recorded that, under a fearful enfilading fire from Rains, in addi- tion to that thundering on their rear from Rhodes, they brought off three-fourths of our guns. " The storm of battle now fell upon the Ninety-third Pennsylvania (Colonel McCarter), Fifty-fifth New York (Lieutenant-Colonel Thourout), Twenty-third Pennsyl- vania (Colonel Neill), and Sixty-first (Colonel Rippey), of Couch's division, who were sent forward by Keyes to the relief of Casey, on the right, where they fought gallantly and lost heavily. "The Seventh Massachusetts (Colonel Russell) and Sixty-second New York (Colonel J, L. Riker) were afterward sent to reinforce them, but were pressed back upon Fair Oaks by the enemy's overpowering advance, and there, uniting with the First United States Chas- seurs, Colonel John Cochrane, and Thirty-first Pennsyl- vania, Colonel Williams, held their ground till the ad- vance of General Sumner's corps, which had with great difficulty made its way across the swollen Chickahominy, checked the rebel advance in that direction. " Brigadier-General Peck, who held the left of Couch's position, had been divested of his regiments aforesaid, which were successively ordered up to the front by Couch or Keyes, until, at 4.30 p.m., he led the One Hundred and Second Pennsylvania (Colonel Rowley) and Ninety- third (Colonel McCarter) to the aid of our crumbling right, and was for half an hour sharply engaged vjith the triumphant enemy near Seven Pines, losing some ground but encamping very near his field of conflict. " Heintzelman was promptly summoned to the aid of Couch, but there was an unaccounted-for delay in the re- ception of the message. It was a quarter past three [ ?] S 6s The Fifty- Second Regiment before Heintzelman came fairly into the fight, Jami- son's Maine and Berry's Michigan brigades eagerly push- ing to the front. " On the rebel left. General Smith's attack was de- layed by Johnston, who was there in person, until 4 p.m., listening for the sound of Longstreet's musketry, which, for some atmospheric reason, he failed to hear. It was now too late for complete success, though his men fought desperately. " The Richmond and York River Railroad near its crossing of the Nine Mile road runs for a considerable distance on an embankment four or five feet high, form- ing an effective breastwork, behind which our men held stubbornly and fought gallantly. " General Abercrombie, with five regiments, was at Fair Oaks, instructed to hold the position at all hazards. Here fell General C. Devens, severely wounded, while of the Sixty-first Pennsylvania, Colonel Rippey, Lieu- tenant-Colonel Spear, and Major Smith fell dead, and 27 of the line officers were either killed or wounded, and near this point, at sunset. General Joseph E. Johnston, the rebel commander-in-chief, was struck in the side by a shell and badly wounded, breaking two ribs in falling from his horse, so that he was disabled for service for several months. " General G. W. Smith succeeded him in command, but he was soon disabled by a paralytic stroke, and re- moved from the field. One of the last rebel charges on this part of the field was led by Jefferson Davis in per- son." [Note. — Both of these statements are errors. General Smith in his account (Century Magazine, vol. 30, p. 130) denies that he was stricken, and neither John- 66 Pennsylvania Volunteers ston, Smith, Hill, nor Longstreet, in their accounts pub- lished in same volume of the Century Magazine, mention Davis as taking an active part in the engagement.] '* Hearing vaguely of trouble on the left, McClellan, still at New Bridge, had ordered Sumner, who had Sedg- wick's and Richardson's divisions, to cross to the relief of Couch, and Sedgwick, with the advance, reached the field on our right an hour and a half before sunset, just as the triumphant rebels had turned Couch's left, interposing between him and Heintzelman (who in com- ing by had swayed to the right), with intent to sever and defeat our two corps on the south of the Chickahominy. " SEDGWICK IRRESISTIBLE. " Sedgwick, advancing rapidly, interposed at the critical moment, and, fonning in line of battle in the edge of the wood, with a large open field in his front, commenced a fire of canister from his 24 guns on the head of the enemy's advancing column, which staggered it, and then, moving forward his whole division in line of battle, he completely swept the field, recovering much of the ground that had been lost. " At nightfall Richardson's division, having also crossed over, came up on the left of Sedgwick, connecting with Birney's brigade, of Heintzelman's corps, on his left ; thus making all secure in that quarter. "At 6 P.M. Abercrombie, farther to our right, still desperately fighting, had been compelled to give ground, and seemed about to be enveloped by an overwhelming force, when the long-expected succor arrived. Gonnan's brigade, leading Sedgwick's division, deployed into line of battle along the crest of a hill in the rear of Fair Oaks, 67 The Fifty-Second Regiment and advanced down a gentle slope to the field where Colonel Cochrane's Chasseurs and Neill's Twenty-third Pennsylvania were fighting against heavy odds. " At this moment a furious enfilading fire of musketry- was received on our right, indicating an effort to turn us on that flank and repeat the sharp lesson of Casey's dis- aster. General Sedgwick instantly directed General Burns to deploy the Sixty-ninth and Seventy-second Pennsylvania to the right, himself holding the Seventy- first and One Plundred and Sixth in support of Gorman. " The rebels attacked with great fury, stampeding two or three battery teams, so that for a moment our lines seemed to waver; but Burns's calm, full-voiced order, 'Steady, men, steady ! ' evoked a thundering cheer, fol- lowed by volley after volley of musketry, under which the enemy advanced steadily, and were charging Kirby's battery, when he poured into their close ranks a murder- ous fire of canister, which sent them rapidly to the woods in the rear. *' REBEL EFFORT FRUITLESS. " Meanwhile Dana's brigade had come into line on Gorman's left, and the rebels renewed as darkness fell their attempt to outflank our right, extending their left farther and farther, but in vain. Generals Sumner. Sedgwick, Dana (whose horse was killed under him). Burns, and Gorman each exerted himself to the utmost to animate and encourage their men. " Dana's wing was gradually advanced as the rebels extended their left, and the battle swayed more and more to our right, until our line was nearly at right angles with that on which we had been fighting two hours before. 68 Pennsylvania Volunteers "And thus the fight raged on until after 8 o'clock, when the rebels desisted and fell back, leaving us undis- puted possession of the ground zvhereon the final struggle zvas made. " Sumner's heavier artillery had been left in the swamps of the Chickahominy, as his infantry hurried forward to the battle. It was extricated during the night, brought forward, and properly posted by morning, when General McClellan also had arrived; but, alas, without the corps of Fitz-John Porter and Franklin, which, could they have come up on the New Bridge road during the night, might have converted Casey's demolition into a rebel overthrow. It does not appear that even an attempt was made to bring them forzvard. " In the morning, June i, McClellan awaited an attack, which, he says, was made at 6 a.m., on the left of Sum- ner's corps, by General Pickett, supported by General Roger A. Pryor's brigade of Huger's division, to which French's brigade on our side stood opposed. The fight between them was noisy, but not very bloody, due caution and distance being maintained on either side. [Note. — Those who think there was little fighting on Sunday, June 1st, will probably change their minds when they read the account of " The Second Day at Fair Oaks " which follows, and scan the list of casualties,— Richard- son's division losing 838 killed and wounded, — and when they consider that Longstreet, Hill, and Huger, the right wing of the rebel army, were defeated and driven off the field.] Mahone's brigade was brought up to the aid of Pryor, and Howard's to that of French, and finally Meagher's Irish regiments went to the front, and a desultory conflict was maintained for some two or three hours, during which General Howard lost his arm and 69 The Fifty-Second Regiment had two of his staff wounded. The rebels at last de- sisted, and returned unpursued. Their reports assert that they made no attack, but only repelled one. " The rebels remained through the day in quiet posses- sion of Couch's and Casey's camps, sending oft' muskets, tents, and camp equipages to Richmond; themselves fol- lozvmg after nightfall. Johnston says that Smith did not renew his attack on our right, because of his discovery of strong intrenchments in that quarter, which he had not seen the night before. It is certain that he was not dis- turbed by any demonstration on our part, and retired wholly unmolested. Ten days later we had not recovered the ground held by Casey's advance on the morning of May 31." [This last statement is contradicted by the italicized lines just above, and by statements quoted at beginning of this chapter.] 70 CHAPTER VII. THE SECOND DAY AT FAIR OAKS. Having gone so fully into the general movements and operations of the troops engaged in the first day's fight- ing, it seems not only proper but necessary to complete the story by giving, at least, an outline of the next day's engagement, which was almost wholly confined to an attack by Longstreet on Richardson's division of Sum- ner's corps, near Fair Oaks Station. The first day had been bloody enough, but it seems it had not been decisive enough to satisfy either side in the conflict. On the Union side a council of war was held in General Sum- ner's tent at 2 o'clock, Sunday morning, June ist, and it was resolved to attack the enemy as soon as disposi- tion for that purpose could be made. (See " The Penin- sula," by General Webb, p. 114.) On the Confederate side General Gustavus W. Smith, now in command, sent for General Longstreet during the night and ordered him to attack the next morning. General Smith says (see Century Magazine article) : " I directed General Longstreet to send one brigade of Huger's division to support the troops on the Nine Mile road, and renew the fighting with the remainder of the right wing as early as possible after daylight, directing his efforts north instead of any further east, pivoting this movement on the position of Whiting near Fair Oaks Station. General Longstreet was assured that when a determined attack by the right wing was well developed it should be favored by a strong demonstration, and, if necessary, by a real attack by Whiting's command, and 71 The Fifty- Second Regiment other troops to be brought up on the Nine Mile road. Longstreet objected to renewing the attack with the right wing of the army, and said it ought to be done by my division, which he thought had done Httle fighting on the 31st. After hearing all he chose to say on the subject, I gave the positive order, as above, and General Long- street returned to the Williamsburg road. I then wrote to General Lee, who was in general charge in Richmond of all Confederate army operations, telling him what had been determined on, what orders had been given, and asking that such re-enforcements as were within reach should be sent. General Lee's reply is dated Rich- mond, 5 A.M. He says: 'Ripley will be ordered, and such forces from General Holmes as can be got up will be sent. Your movementsi are judicious, and deter- mination to strike the enemy right.' " The positions of the opposing forces at this time were about as follows : On the Union side Sedgwick's division and part of Couch's, and five batteries, were on the ex- treme right, facing nearly west. On the left of Sedg- wick, at an angle parallel with the railroad, was Richard- son's division, in three lines of a brigade front each, and four batteries. On the left Keyes's corps held the works south of the Williamsburg road protected by sixty pieces of artillery. Heintzelman's corps held the line between Keyes and Sumner, with artillery. On the Confederate side the troops under Longstreet had all been brought to the front. His extreme right was on the Williamsburg road east of Seven Pines; his left near two wood roads near Fair Oaks Station, the troops on his right facing east, those on his left facing north; G. W. Smith's division, now under Whiting, a Pennsylvania Volunteers little west of Fair Oaks Station, near the ground on which it had fought the previous afternoon, "About five o'clock on Sunday morning (June i) in the gray of dawn, the Confederate skirmishers in front of Richardson opened fire." Smith says these were Hood's enterprising Texans, and that " They were im- mediately recalled, because it was intended that the attack should be made by the right wing under Longstreet." George W. Mindil, then aide on the staff of General Phil. Kearney, gives a description of the engagement that followed. He says : " At half-past six o'clock a deter- mined assault was made against General French's line (of Richardson's division), the enemy pushing forward along the two wood roads that crossed this line heavy columns of attack, supporting them on both flanks by battalions of infantry in deployed line. The firing com- menced within half musket shot, and was maintained at closer quarters for nearly an hour and a half before the enemy's column wavered and broke. " Hardly had fresh Federal regiments taken the place of those which had exhausted their ammunition in re- pulsing the Confederate attack at 8 a.m., when the enemy's column, strongly re-enforced, gave a general yell, and again dashed forward to the attack. This renewed fight was of the most desperate and sanguinary character, lasting more than an hour, when the enemy were again driven back, without gaining a single point of the Union line. ... So fierce was the fighting in Richardson's front that he sustained a loss of nearly 800 men in a divis- ion much smaller in numbers than Sedgwick's, and his men were partly protected by the railroad embankment. . . . As Hooker neared the clearing on Hyer's farm, he 1Z The Fifty-Second Regiment ordered his four regiments to charge; this cleared the woods, and the enemy were entirely broken. . . . Hooker was now on the right flank and rear of the forces engaged with Richardson, and he was not slow to improve his opportunity." Again Mindil says : " After Richardson's and Hooker's divisions and Birney's brigade had driven the Confederates well back from the railroad in front of the position held by Richardson during the night, Sickles's brigade united with these forces and a general advance was made. No serious opposition was encountered, and Casey's camp was reoccupied before two o'clock p.m., the ground being covered with the rebel dead and wounded as well as our own." [Note. — General D. H. Hill claims that they did not evacuate Casey's camp until two o'clock A.M., June 2d.] When the rebels were thus defeated and driven back towards Richmond on June ist, it created consternation in the Confederate capital and demoralization in the ranks of the southern army. The condition of the Con- federates on that Sunday morning is clearly portrayed in the account given by Mr. William Henry Hurlbert, the translator of Prince de Joinville's work on the war, who was in Richmond during the battle. He says : " They were in a perfect chaos of brigades and regi- ments. The roads in Richmond were literally covered with stragglers, some throwing away their guns, some breaking them on the trees, all with the same story," etc. General Barnard, who was McClellan's chief of artil- lery, says : " The repulse of the rebels at Fair Oaks should have been taken advantage of. It was one of those * occasions ' which, if not seized, do not repeat them- selves. We now know the state of disorganization and 74 Pennsylvania Volunteers dismay in which the rebel army retreated. We now know that it could have been followed into Richmond. Had it been so, there would have been no resistance to over- come to bring over our right wing." Another historian (Wm. Cullen Bryant) says: " About noon " (June ist) " McClellan came over. He was quite satisfied with what had been achieved, and had no special orders to give. In the judgment of all his corps com- manders, if the pursuit had been pressed, Richmond would have fallen." THE LOSSES. On the Confederate side General Johnston reported the loss in General G. W. Smith's division at 1283, and in Longstreet's command (Longstreet's and Hill's divis- ions) at ''about 3000, of which 2700 was in Hill's." (This loss was in the first day's fighting.) The Confed- erate loss second day must have been about 1200; among the killed were Brigadier-General Robert Hatton, of Ten- nessee, Colonel Moore, of Alabama, Colonel Jones, Twelfth Alabama, Colonel Lomax, Third Alabama, Colonel Giles, Fifth South Carolina, Colonel Lightfoot, Twenty-second North Carolina, and among the wounded was the Confederate commander-in-chief, General Jos. E. Johnston (severely, and carried from the field), also Generals Rhodes, Garland, and Wade Hampton. South Carolina, Colonel Goodwin, Ninth Virginia; while Gen- eral Pettigrew, Colonel C. Davis, of South Carolina, and Colonel Long were taken prisoners, General Pettigrew being wounded. On the Union side the losses, as summed up from the official reports, were : in the first day's battle : Casey's division 1429, Couch's division 1168, Kearney's division 75 The Fifty- Second Regiment 884, Sedgwick's 347, unattached 4, — total 3832. In the second day's fighting: Richardson's division 838, Bir- ney's brigade of Kearney's division 207, Hooker's divis- ion 154, — total 1 1 99. Total for the two days 5031. On the Union side no general officers were either killed or captured. Briga- dier-General O. O. Howard lost an arm in the second day's fight near Fair Oaks Station. The casualties among officers of Casey's division are given below. It may be incomplete, as it is found impossible to verify it by refer- ence to all the regimental reports. In this division the officers of the artillery suffered severely, as will be seen, and some of the regiments had more casualties among officers than others which fought alongside of them in the same brigade. Casey's division : artillery : Colonel G. D. Bailey, chief of artillery, killed. Major Van Vaulkenberg, First New York Artil- lery, killed. Adjutant Wm. Ramsey, First New York Artillery, wounded. Captain Spratt, Battery B, First New York Artil- lery, wounded. Lieutenant Howell, Battery H, First New York Artillery, wounded. naglee's brigade: One Hundredth New York: Colonel J. M. Brown, killed. Lieutenant-Colonel Stanton, wounded. Major C. N. Otis, wounded. 76 Pennsylvania Volunteers Captain D. D. Nash, wounded. Captain Nicholson, wounded. Lieutenant Kellogg, killed. Lieutenant Brown, wounded. Lieutenant Brunck, wounded. Lieutenant Mayo, wounded. One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania: Colonel W. W. H. Davis, wounded. Major Gries, mortally wounded. Captain Orem, wounded. Captain Burhans, wounded. Lieutenant McDowell, killed. Fifty-sixth New York: Colonel C. H. Van Wyck, wounded slightly by a shell which doubled up his sword sheath and bruised his knee. Fifty-second Pennsylvania: Captain G. R. Lennard, wounded. Captain G. P. Davis, wounded. Captain J. Chamberlain, wounded. Lieutenant Weidensaul, wounded. Lieutenant Cuskaden, wounded. Eleventh Maine: Lieutenant Price, Company G, wounded. The casualties in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania were 125, of which 26 were killed or died of wounds. The One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania reported 167 killed and wounded. 77 CHAPTER VIII. AT THE CHICKAHOMINY BRIDGES. On the afternoon of June 4, 1862, Naglee's brigade left its camp near Seven Pines and marched down the WilHamsburg road, in a pouring rain which continued all day, and went into bivouac in the vicinity of Bottoms Bridge and the York River Railroad bridge, on Wade's farm. Here shortly afterwards new^ camp equipage was supplied, also clothing; and on June 12th the paymaster made his first appearance since leaving Washington. He was a welcome visitor. This movement was to protect these crossings of the Chickahominy. The brigade was placed in the rifle-pits and redoubt already there, and set to work strengthening the defences of the crossings in anticipation of the withdrawal of the army from the north side of the river. Additional rifle-pits and earth- works were constructed, and Bottoms Bridge was rebuilt. One regiment, the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsyl- vania, w^as sent across to the east side to guard Dispatch Station and the railroad down as far as Tunstalls Station. The Fifty-second was employed in fatigue duty (con- structing the works) and in picket duty in the swamp be- tween the two bridges and northward. On the 27th of June, Fitz-John Porter, with the Fifth Corps and some re-enforcements from the south side, fought the battle of Gaines's Mill, and, although he held his position at dark, retired across the river during the night at the Grapevine and Sumner's bridges, some three to five miles northwest of Bottoms Bridge. These bridges were de- stroyed as soon as Porter was over. McClellan's army 78 Pennsylvania Volunteers was now all on the south side. The enemy soon put in an appearance near Dispatch Station, compelling the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania to " get back " over Bottoms Bridge. The army stores and supplies at Dis- patch Station were hurried up to Savage's Station, and communication with McClellan's base of supplies at White House Landing, on the Pamunky, cut off. The " change of base " to the James River had been decided upon the night before. General Casey had been sent to White House to look after matters there, and General Peck placed in command of the division. The positions of the regiments of Naglee's brigade at this time were as follows: The Fifty-second Pennsylvania and Eleventh Maine lined the river from the railroad bridge to Bottoms Bridge, — the Fifty-sixth and One Hundredth New York in the rifle-pits and redoubt, — while the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania was near the old tavern house as reserve. Naglee had also three batteries of artillery, — Morgan's, Brady's, and Miller's, — besides a squadron of cavalry. On Sunday, the 29th, notwithstanding the momentous movements going on in preparation for the " change of base," General Naglee assembled his troops on the banks of the Chickahominy and held a memorial service, — " for the purpose of uniting in the last sacred duty due by us to the memory of our brave comrades who sacrificed their lives at the battle of Seven Pines." On this day the booming of cannon to the west gave information that "' the battle was on once more." The enemy were now closing in on McClellan's now concen- trated army, which was fighting on the defensive and con- testing every step of his advance. Stonewall Jackson was rebuilding the Grapevine bridge destroyed by Porter, 79 The Fifty- Second Regiment in order to follow over, and Lee, now convinced of Mc- Clellan's intention, was crowding him to the wall with part of his army and sending some of the flower of his forces to intercept the contemplated movement. Ma- gruder came down the Williamsburg road and the rail- road to capture all the stores accumulated at Savage's Station, but was met by Sumner — the old hero — at Allen's farm, and again in front of the station, where the Con- federates were most signally defeated and driven back, the final engagement lasting till after dark, Sunday even- ing, June 29th. The troops and trains of McClellan's army were already moving across the White Oak Swamp towards the James River. Keyes's Fourth Corps, with the exception of Naglee's brigade still holding the bridges, had already crossed. Porter followed Sunday afternoon, Heintzelman in the evening, and the remainder of the army followed during the night, so that by Mon- day morning, June 30th, all were safely over. Colonel Davis, in his account, says : " Meantime Naglee stood on the defensive and interposed between a victorious enemy and the retiring trains and troops." And again: "It was some time after dark, but not until the last wagon and the last regiment had passed, that the pickets were called in and the brigade put in march for the James River. It was now the rear guard of the Army of the Potomac. " The road was crowded with wagons, and the march necessarily slow. The brigade crossed the White Oak Swamp some time after midnight and bivouacked on the rising ground a few hundred yards in front of and commanding the crossing." . . . Keyes, who was the first to cross the swamp, was relieved, early in the afternoon of the 29th, by Slocum, of Franklin's corps, 80 Pennsylvania Volunteers and with his baggage and artillery marched for Turkey Bend, near Malvern Hill, where he arrived on the morn- ing of the 30th. Naglee's brigade, however, was still retained with the rear guard. General McClellan says (see article " The Peninsula Campaign," Century Maga- zine) : " General Franklin, with Smith's division of his own corps, Richardson's of the Second, and Naglee's brigade, were charged with the defence of the White Oak Swamp crossing. Slocum held the ground thence to the Charles City road ; Kearney from that road to the Long Bridge road; McCall on his left; Hooker thence to the Quaker road; Sedgwick at Nelson's farm in rear of McCall and Kearney. The Fifth Corps was at Malvern Hill, the Fourth at Turkey Bridge." 8x CHAPTER IX. WHITE OAK SWAMP CROSSING. " The fighting on this day (June 30)," continues Mc- Clellan, " was very severe and extended along the whole line. It first broke out between twelve and one, on Gen- eral Franklin's command, in the shape of a fierce artillery fire which was kept up through the day, and inflicted seri- ous losses. The enemy's infantry made several attempts to cross near the old bridge and below, but was in every case thrown back. Franklin held his position until after dark, and during the night fell back to Malvern." General McClellan fails to state that the enemy's cavalry did cross, and another fact, probably unknown to him when he wrote, that General Stonewall Jackson and his able lieutenant. General D. H. Hill, both crossed over with their cavalry to " get the lay of the land," which they succeeded in doing, but did not remain long enough to cultivate any of it, as will be shown by the following account of the affair given by General Hill himself. He says (Century Magazine, vol. 30) : " A high bluff was on our side of the little stream called White Oak, and a large uncultivated field on the othetr side. In the field could be seen a battery of artillery supported by a brigade of in- fantry, — artillerists and infantry lying down apparently asleep. Under cover of Munford's regiment of cavalry, thirty-one pieces of artillery were placed upon the bluff, and were ordered to open fire as soon as the cavalry mask was removed. The battery fired its loaded guns in reply, and then galloped off, followed by its infantry supports, and the long lines of infantry further back in the field. 82 Pennsylvania Volunteers Munford crossed his regiment over the ford, and Jack- son and myself went with him to see what had become of the enemy. We soon found out. The battery had taken up a position behind a point of woods, where it was perfectly sheltered from our guns, but could play upon the broken bridge and ford, and upon every part of the uncultivated field. It opened with grape and canister upon us, and zvc retired rapidly. Fast riding in the wrong direction is not military, but it is sometimes healthy." He adds: " Our cavalry returned by a lower ford, and pronounced it perfectly practicable for infan- try. But Jackson did not advance. Why was this? It was a critical day for both commanders, but especially for McClellan. With consummate skill he had crossed his vast train of five thousand wagons and his immense parks of artillery safely over White Oak Swamp, but he was more exposed nozv than at any time in his flank march. Three columns of attack were converging upon him, and a strong corps was pressing upon his rear. Escape seemed impossible for him, but he did escape, at the same time inflicting heavy damage upon his pursuers." It has been a subject of much comment and surprise that General Jackson, having with him a large force, — his own and D. H. Hill's commands, — with forty or fifty pieces of artillery and several regiments of cavalry, should halt and hesitate at White Oak Swamp crossing, when Lee expected him to strike a heavy blow at this point on McClellan's retiring army. Major Dabney, in his life of Jackson, thus comments on the inaction, at this time, of that officer: "On this occasion it would appear, if the vast interests dependent upon General Jackson's 83 The Fifty- Second Regiment co-operation with the proposed attack upon the centre were considered, that he came short of the efficiency in action for which he was everywhere else noted." General Jackson in his report intimates that his whole command, consisting of three divisions and D. H. Hill's division of five brigades, were all at White Oak bridge on the 30th of June. He says : " It was soon seen that the enemy occupied such a position beyond a thick inter- vening wood on the right of the road as enabled him to command the crossing." General Lee says : " Jackson having been unable to force the passage of White Oak Swamp, Longstreet and A. P. Hill were without the expected support." Having given, in the foregoing accounts, extracts from reports of some of the commanders on both sides, and other sources, a general idea of the most important move- ments of the army, especially those with which Naglee's brigade (and consequently the Fifty-second Pennsylvania as a part thereof) was connected, let us recite more in detail the movements of the brigade as told by General Naglee himself, in his report, also by extracts from Colonel Davis's History of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania and from the diary of Colonel Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania. Colonel Davis says of this White Oak Swamp affair: " As soon as the trains and artillery were over, details of men were sent out to destroy the bridge. When morn- ing dawned a large force was found to be in the imme- diate vicinity, and an immense number of wagons and several pontoon trains encumbered the fields and roads. The pickets were skirmishing in the swamp across the creek that runs through it. A great effort was made 84 Pennsylvania Volunteers to get the wagons out of the way, and as rapidly as pos- sible train after train was pushed into the road and started off for James River. At lo o'clock the brigade was got under arms and attached to Smith's division. It was placed in position by General Naglee, about a half- mile from the crossing, and was the last of several lines. A portion of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was deployed into the swamp. . . . Everything being in readiness for action, the men were allowed to stack arms and with- draw to the shade of the neighboring timber. Here they kindled fires and cooked dinner. The scene resem- bled a great picnic. The enemy pushed after us immedi- ately from the Chickahominy, and were close in our rear. Our engineers had hardly destroyed the swamp bridge and retired, before his skirmishers came up to reconnoitre. For several hours the swamp only divided the opposing forces. The action began about noon. Without a note of warning the enemy suddenly run his artillery forward from behind the opposite hills and opened several bat- teries on our army while the men were lounging on the grass eating their dinner. The shock was so sudden that everybody seemed stunned, and for a few moments there was a scene of great confusion. Our guns had been placed in battei-y early in the day. The gunners stood ready, and soon they thundered at the enemy in reply. The distance was hardly a mile and they had our exact range. Their shells burst constantly over and among our troops. The air seemed filled with their projectiles. The official reports of the action state that the guns on both sides did not number less than a hun- dred. . . . Dead and wounded were carried to the rear every few moments; the former were buried near- 85 The Fifty- Second Regiment by, while the latter were taken to a neighboring house which had been converted into a hospital. The enemy made repeated efforts to cross the swamp while this cannonading was going on, but in each case was pre- vented. The suddenness of the attack created consider- able confusion among the trains, and there was danger of a general stampede. An Irish camp-woman belonging to a New York regiment made herself quite conspicuous during the action. She remained close to the side of her husband, and refused to retire to a place of safety. She was full of pluck. Occasionally she would notice some fellow sneaking to the rear, when she would run after him, seize him by the nape of the neck, and place him in the ranks again, calling him a ' dirty, cow^ardly spal- peen,' and other choice epithets. The flying shells had no terrors for her. During the hottest of the cannon- ade, this courageous woman walked fearlessly about among the troops, encouraging them to stand up to their work. Her only weapon, offensive or defensive, was a large umbrella she carried under her arm. In one in- stance she shamed a commissioned officer into returning to his duty. She belonged to the Irish brigade (Meagher's), and her stout person, full, red face, and broad language betrayed her undoubted origin. " About the middle of the afternoon heavy firing was heard on the left, where the troops of Sumner and Mc- Call were fighting the enemy at Glendale. A brigade was sent off to re-enforce those troops. Naglee became so much interested in the progress of events in that quarter towards evening, that he rode in that direction to en- deavor to obtain information. In a short time he re- turned at a gallop, shouting as he came, ' All's right; 86 Pennsylvania Volunteers we've repulsed them: The cannonade ceased soon after dark, with the exception of two of our guns which con- tinued to fire at intervals of ten or fifteen minutes until after midnight. Franklin gradually and silently with- drew his troops in the early part of the evening, leaving only Naglee's brigade and the two field-pieces to watch the crossing of the swamp. Again his little command became the rear guard and interposed between our retir- ing columns and the pursuing enemy. He ( Naglee ) was ordered to follow at lo o'clock. At that hour he took up the line of march, with his whole brigade, as he sup- posed, but he took with him only part of it, viz., the Eleventh Maine, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, and a por- tion of the One Hundredth New York, leaving the Fifty- sixth New York, remainder of the One Hundredth New York, and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania on the field. He gave the command at the head of the column in a low tone of voice, and the order was not re- peated throughout the line. Some who saw him move off were not aware that it was a general movement, but supposed him to be taking part of the brigade into the swamp to put it on picket. His assistant adjutant-general (Captain Johnston), who did not notice the movement, was left behind. . . . Colonel Van Wyck was now the senior officer present, and should have assumed com- mand, but declined to do so. Captain Johnston, the assistant adjutant-general, was then appealed to to con- duct the remainder of the brigade off the field and follow the march of the army, but he declined to move without an order from the general, who was not present to give it. . . . Those who were with the rear guard at White Oak Swamp crossing will long remember it. The 87 The Fifty- Second Regiment situation was extremely critical for that portion of Naglee's brigade left behind. There was not a sentinel between the two armies to announce the approach of the enemy. Our two guns threw an occasional shell to give notice that we still occupied the ground. He was already busy at work rebuilding the bridge to cross over. The distant sound of the drum of his infantry and the rattle of his gun-carriages could be heard as the enemy came up on the opposite side of the swamp. He appeared to be massing his forces for a desperate assault at daylight, under the supposition that our anny would again dispute his advance at that point. ... It was now 2 o'clock on the morning of the ist of July. [Note. — The day of the battle of Malvern Hill.] Colonel Van Wyck finally assumed command and the march was commenced." Having no guide that knew the roads, they turned to the right at the first cross-roads and were marching towards Glendale when they met the rear guard from that battle-field coming in. The column was then counter- marched and followed this other rear guard down the Charles City road, — thus becoming the rear guard of the rear guard, — the last, except the stragglers, to leave the field. " Several of the officers and men were really too sick to march, and all their physical strength was taxed to keep up with the command. But the law of necessity compelled them to it, for to fall behind was to ensure almost certain capture. Consequently there was no straggling among Naglee's men. The command reached the field of jMalvern early in the forenoon, where they stacked anus and lay down to rest, as they had marched fifteen miles since leaving White Oak Swamp. The Pennsylvania Volunteers enemy was not far behind, for within an hour the fire of his advance could be heard as he drove in our pickets." Colonel Henry M. Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsyl- vania, gives a vivid description of this White Oak Swamp action in his " journal," which was included in the ad- dress made by his son Henry M. Hoyt (lately deceased) to the " Survivors' Association " at Tunkhannock a few years ago. " At twelve o'clock precisely," he says, " a moment long to be remembered, the very gates of hell are opened on us. The plans of the rebels now come to a head, and their long morning of quiet is ended. Twenty- five guns open at once upon us, sweeping the field with shot, shell, railroad iron, and every conceivable imple- ment. In forty seconds our batteries are blown to pieces, the horses are tearing through the field, loose leaves are whirling all about, and regiments break into ruin. Thank God, Naglee's brigade stands firm and withstands the panic. Regiments and brigades are arrested by it, and a few moments save the Grand Army. ^^' hat a moment ! So it lasts all afternoon. Balls fall all around us, ricochetting over us. We actually dodge them as we Vv'ould at play. Richardson, Franklin, Smith, Naglee, Meagher, all are here and in the thick of it. In an hour the rebels cease somewhat. We wheel down four guns of Hazzard's battery, and the fearful work again begins. For two hours this wonderful duel goes on. The Fifty- second is exactly behind their own battery and catch all that is meant for them. Then we silence the enemy. In the meantime efforts are made by them to crush our in- fantry, and our lines are moved to and fro in haste. Away two miles to our left they are making another effort to finish the army ; that, too, is gallantly repulsed. 89 The Fifty- Second Regiment Our pontoon train has now been burning since noon, and to-night it is lurid. Our guns still bellow across the swamp. Now come our preparations to retire to James River, How we marched the batteries and cavalry and infantry down past the blazing train; how we counter- marched in the shade; how orders were issued in bated breath ; how we waited for the wearied veterans of Mc- Call to get in from the left; how we finally moved, and our drag, drag, drag without water all the long night for fourteen miles, and how only after broad daylight did we reach the plain on the river, — all this is burned into us. Our thoughts were, — is the army safe? Can it be saved with the slaughter of the rear guard? We brought up the rear on the inner road ; on this plain we found the great iuipcdimcnta belli, our baggage train, miles and miles long. How was it ever saved, — and sup- pose it had rained before it reached White Oak Swamp?" General Naglee in his report, and Colonel Davis in his account, assume that as " rear guard " Naglee's brigade was the last command to leave the field and go through the swamp. By accident or oversight a battery of artil- lery of Richardson's division had been left behind, which came through early in the morning just before the bridge was destroyed. General Franklin relates the incident as follows : " After the fight at Savage's Station was over, Hazzard's battery of Richardson's division was un- hitched, its captain not supposing there was to be any further movement that night, and the men and horses went to sleep, as usual when there was opportunity, which was not often in those days. The division moved off, and by accident no notice of the movement was sent to Captain Hazzard. On the next morning he heard 90 Pennsylvania Volunteers reveille sounded by drums and trumpets from positions that he knew our troops did not hold the evening before. Everything in his vicinity was quiet. He took in the situation at once. He had been left behind, and the enemy might be upon him at any moment. He had the battery quietly hitched up, sent the caissons off in ad- vance, and bringing up the rear with two guns ready to open on a pursuing force, started off at a walk. When he was clear of the field he ordered the battery to trot ; and without harm arrived at the White Oak bridge at that pace just as General Richardson was destroying it. He crossed in safety. The pluck and coolness shown in this exploit of Captain Hazzard were admirable. He was killed the next day while doing excellent work with his batter)^" 91 CHAPTER X. NAGLEe's account of the " CHANGE OF BASE. " Having given the accounts as recited by Colonel Davis and Colonel Hoyt, it seems proper to include a statement of " rear guard " duty as recited by General Naglee himself, and, taking the three accounts together, we have a pretty clear idea of the part taken by the Fifty-second Pennsylvania in McClellan's masterly " change of base " to the James River. " On the 27th," says General Naglee in his report, " orders were received from General McClellan by Gen- eral Keyes, directing that the railroad and Bottoms Bridges over the Chickahominy should be held at all hazards, and if pressed the bridges should be destroyed. This important sei-vice was entrusted to my brigade. Upon the first intimation of the approach of the enemy in this direction, I had lined the Chickahominy between the bridges, and a mile above and below them, with the sharp-shooters of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and Eleventh Maine, and had placed the especial charge of the railroad bridge with Colonel Plaisted and the re- mainder of his Eleventh Maine Regiment. The re- mainder of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, Lieutenant- Colonel Hoyt, the Fifty-sixth New York, Colonel Van Wyck, and One Hundredth New York, Lieutenant- Colonel Stanton, were distributed in the redoubts and rifle-pits, and on picket duty. . . . During the 26th the only evidence of the approach of the enemy was the constant roar of the artillery borne upon the breeze from the desperate conflict at Mechanicsville ; on the 27th small 92 Pennsylvania Volunteers 1 econnoitring parties approached the Chickahominy, but they soon learned to respect the presence of the Fifty- second Pennsylvania and Eleventh Maine, that were con- cealed in that swamp, zuaist deep in water. . . . " On the 28th, the day after the battle of Gaines's Mills, there were indications of activity in our immediate neighborhood. From early morning, cavalry watched our industrious efforts to complete our earthworks. In- fantiy pressed into the woods and skirmished with our picket line, but too close an approach to my sharp- shooters, concealed in the swamp, soon led to great caution. About noon a large force reported as two bri- gades moved down to the railroad. A battery of artil- lery, with cavalry, supported by two regiments of infan- try, crossed the railroad, and under cover of the wood, took a position upon the high ground facing the Chicka- hominy and about one thousand yards from the bridges. Making every preparation, I awaited their attack and ordered Miller's battery to respond slowly but skilfully until he learned the range. I directed Morgan and Brady to test the range in the same manner, and with about an hour's practice we were fully prepared. Half an hour afterwards I observed changes of position, as if in prep- aration for an attack, and ordered the three batteries to increase their fire, and to concentrate it upon the troops that were moving. This had the desired effect, and they were compelled to withdraw into the woods. I then concentrated the fire upon the battery, which, by 4 o'clock, was so effectually silenced that it responded but seldom during the remainder of the afternoon. " On the 29th large bodies of the enemy were con- stantly hovering around in force, but he did not renew 93 The Fifty-Second Regiment the attack, being fully occupied in the terrific struggle that continued through this day at Savage Station. At 7 P.M. the destruction of the railroad was made complete by running into the gap the locomotive and long train of cars filled with immense quantities of ammunition, which exploded with such terrific power that it shook the earth, and the white smoke ascended in a column so grand, so magnificent, that all stood spellbound, and impressed to that extent that it cannot be forgotten. At lo p.m., the army and its trains having passed bythe road less than two miles in rear of these bridges, the necessity of hold- ing this position no longer existed, and I received instruc- tions from General McClellan to follow with the rear guard and cross the White Oak Swamp bridge. It was nearly daylight on the morning of the 30th of June when the brigade bivouacked on the rising ground near to and commanding the White Oak Swamp bridge. " At 10 A.M. Naglee's brigade was ordered by General McClellan to report immediately for duty to Brigadier- General W. F. Smith, and by 11 o'clock it was in line of battle, perpendicular to and the right resting on the main road leading from the White Oak Swamp bridge, with the left on the swamp, about three-fourths of a mile from the bridge, a portion of the Fifty-second being de- ployed in the swamp extending from the brigade to the bridge. All the space between the swamp and the line occu- pied by my brigade was covered with troops, infantry and artillery, belonging to the divisions of Smith and Rich- ardson, under command of General Franklin, who was ordered to hold the position and prevent the passage of the bridge, that the army might continue the retreat from the peninsula. . . . Frequent efforts were made by 94 Pennsylvania Volunteers the enemy to cross the bridge and swamp, but he was as frequently repulsed. . . . At lo o'clock p.m. I was ordered to follow General Smith's division and made immediate preparations to retreat as soon as the divi- sion should file off. The brigade arrived on the follow- ing morning at Haxall's, on the James River,* at 6 o'clock A.M., on the ist of July, after a march of 17 miles. . . . Thus for seven days were the men of my brigade constantly on duty. On the 26th, 2'/th, 28th, and 2gth of June the safety of the army depended upon our holding the railroad and Bottoms bridges, and on the 30th on holding the bridge at White Oak Swamp. Many, day and night for four days, stood to their middle in the water of the Chickahojniny Szvamp, and, all impressed zuith the re- sponsible duty required of them, served their country in this hour of trial, enduring the most excessive labor, fa- tigue, and exhaustion, ivith extraordinary endurance and cheerfulness; and zvell may they and their friends, in all the future, refer to these gallant deeds and trials, zi'ith the conscious pride that they are deserving the thanks and remembrance of their country." * General Naglee does not mention the fact that part of his brigade was left at White Oak Swamp bridge until 2 o'clock the next morning, — an incident related in Colonel Davis's account, which has already been given. 95 CHAPTER XI. MALVERN HILL. Only a portion of Keyes's corps — Couch's division — was actually engaged in the battle of Malvern Hill. Naglee's brigade, which had been on duty as rear guard on the Chickahominy and at White Oak crossing, formed part of the reserve during the ist of July fighting. The numerous batteries of artillery posted on the sloping hill- side encircling the centre of our position did most of the sad havoc wrought among the ranks of the enemy, which again and again during the day, and until late in the evening, charged up the slopes in vain attempts to cap- ture them. All these efforts of the enemy were repulsed with terrible slaughter, — shot and shell, and grape and canister, decimating his ranks, — until the repeated fail- ures convinced him of the hopelessness of the struggle; which was not given up, however, until darkness fell upon the fateful field. The shattered hosts of the Con- federates were greatly demoralized after the close of the engagement. The condition of things on their side is set forth by Trimble's (Confederate) account embodied in Lee's report. He says : " The next morning by dawn I went off to ask for orders, when I found the whole (Confederate) army in the utmost disorder. Thousands of straggling men were asking every passer-by for their regiments ; ambulances, wagons, and artillery were ob- structing every road, and altogether, in a drenching rain, presenting a scene of the most woeful and heart-rending confusion." 96 Pennsylvania Volunteers Notwithstanding these conditions on the enemy's side, the order was given by McClellan to retreat to the river at Harrison's Landing, and when in the gray dawn the Confederates looked up to Malvern Hill, they saw no trace of the grim batteries and serried lines against which they had dashed themselves in pieces. " In the darkness and storm," says one writer (William Cullen Bryant's History of the United States), " through mud and mire, McClellan had fled from the field of a great victory, as though it had been one of a crushing defeat." General Hooker says of this flight : " We were ordered to re- treat, and it was like the retreat of a routed army. We retreated like a parcel of sheep. Every one was on the road at the same time, and a few shots from the rebels would have panic-stricken the whole command." Keyes was again placed in command of the rear guard, and received from McClellan instructions as follows : " Bring along all the wagons you can; but they are to be sacri- ficed, of course, rather than imperil your safety. Celer- ity of movement is the sole security of this position." The two brigades detailed by Keyes for this duty were Naglee's and Wessells's. After marching about three miles below Haxall's, these brigades were formed in line of battle, supported by artillery, where they remained until the disordered army had poured past them in a liv- ing stream towards the river. The last of the Seven Days' Battles had been fought and won. The victorious army had ignominiously fled from Malvern Hill, leaving a defeated and disorganized mass of the enemy in possession of an impregnable posi- tion, vacated unnecessarily by a weak-kneed, if not a weak-hearted, commander, who was ever ready to over- 7 97 The Fifty- Second Regiment estimate the numbers and condition of his opponents' forces and underestimate his own. The Army of the Potomac was safely encamped at Harrison's Landing under protection of the gunboats, and there it was des- tined for the next month and a half to remain. Its commander here had time for reflection, and upon July 7th he wrote a long letter to President Lincoln, not ex- plaining, as he might have been expected to do, the failure of his campaign, but, instead, giving the President his views at length of how to run the government, laying down a " policy " which he condescendingly urges upon the chief executive of the nation in the following words : " A system of policy thus constitutional and conserva- tive, and pervaded by the influences of Christianity and freedom, would receive the support of almost all truly loyal men, would deeply impress the rebel masses and all foreign nations, and it might be humbly hoped that it would commend itself to the favor of the Almighty." The long-suffering patient Lincoln never noticed this insolent letter, — not even enough to answer it. But he went down to Harrison's Landing to see the army and, among other things, to find out how many there were left of it, McClellan having reported " only 50,000 with their colors." He had the division commanders make up returns of the " present for duty," and, footing it up, found the total to be 86,500. A few days later McClel- lan made a report showing 88,665 present for duty, with 34,472 absent with authority, making a total of 123,137. It was the contradiction of the general's oft-repeated statements as to the numbers of his command, and of his constant complaints of disparity in forces compared with that of the enemy. General Halleck, who had lately been 98 Pennsylvania Volunteers made commander-in-chief, also came down from Wash- ington to take a look at the Army of the Potomac on the James. He found the " boys " busy patching up their well-worn uniforms, playing cards when off duty, bathing in the river, basking in the sun when not too hot, and sleeping in the shade whenever they had an opportunity. There was much sickness among the troops, large num- bers of the " absent " being either in hospitals or on sick leave. It was a time for rest, recuperation, reflection, and recrimination. There was much of the latter which was not confined to the men in the ranks or the line offi- cers, but even division and corps commanders had their " views," to which they sometimes gave pretty free ex- pression. There were many of them feeling sore on account of the failure of plans, many disappointed in their ambitions for higher commands, many jealous of those who did receive promotion. Altogether the army at this time was '* in a bad way." The boys knew, or felt, that something was wrong, but not being permitted to know all the inside history of current events, they simply hoped for the best, and were willing yet to do their best to save the country. Their loyal hearts were yet strong in the faith that the cause for which they had sacrificed so m.uch, and for which they were willing to sacrifice still more, would finally be gained. They still sang, " Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just, and this be our motto, ' In God is our trust.' " Then they sat down and had another game, and went on guard whistling, " 'Way Down South in Dixie. " Thus passed away the long, hot, and melancholy days of July, 1862. 99 CHAPTER XII. lee's designs on WASHINGTON. But the enemy was not idling away all his time. General Lee laid plans for an advance on Washington as soon as he became satisfied that the army under Mc- Clellan did not intend to move again on Richmond. The Confederate General Longstreet, in his account of " Our March against Pope," says : " At that time General Lee was feeling very certain that Richmond was in no imme- diate danger from an advance by McClellan's forces. He, therefore, began at once preparations for a vigorous campaign against Pope." As early as July 19th, Stone- wall Jackson's corps was at Gordonsville in the advance, and Stuart's cavalry hovering around towards Freder- icksburg. The Administration became very anxious over the situation, and before the end of the month efforts were made to have McClellan retire from the James River and bring his army back in front of Washington, to act in conjunction with Pope. The united efforts of the Presi- dent and General Halleck, favored by the opinions of a number of McClellan's corps commanders, failed to move him. He continued to ask for re-enforcements, and to ignore the desires of the President and General Halleck, until forbearance ceased to be a virtue. On July 30th he was ordered to send away his sick, to which he paid no attention. On that day he said, in one of his dis- patches to Washington, " Should it be determined to withdraw it [his army] I shall look upon our cause as lost, and the demoralization of the armv as certain." Pennsylvania Volunteers The order to send away his sick was not promptly obeyed because General McClellan insisted upon knowing the intentions of the Government in regard to his army ; and, after being informed that it was to be withdrawn from the James, several days more were wasted in weari- some interchange of dispatches between himself and Halleck, McClellan protesting with the greatest energy and feeling against this movement, and Halleck replying with perfect logic and temper in defence of it. Weary at last of arguments, Halleck became more and more peremptory in his orders; and, this failing to infuse any activity into the movements of McClellan, he had re- course to sharp dispatches of censure, which provoked only excuses and recriminations. In some of his re- plies to Halleck's urgent dispatches, enjoining the greatest haste and representing" the grave aspect of affairs in northern Virginia, McClellan replied in terms that indi- cated as little respect for Halleck as he had shown for the President and the Secretary of War. On the 6th of August, in answer to an order insisting on the immediate dispatch of a battery of artillery to Burnside, he calmly replies, " I will obey the order as soon as circumstances permit. My artillery is none too numerous now." On August 1 2th, little or no progress having yet been made, he says : " There shall be no unnecessary delay, but I can- not manufacture vessels. It is not possible for anyone to place this army where you wish it, ready to move, in less than a month. If Washington is in danger now, this army could scarcely arrive in time to save it. It is in much better position to do so from here than from Aquia." At the same time the quartermaster-general re- ported that " nearly every available steam vessel in the lOI The Fifty-Second Regiment country was then under the control of General Mc- Clellan." The order for the army to move was issued on August nth, but countermanded until the 14th. The corps of Porter and Heintzelman marched on the 14th and Keyes on the 15th. The wagons were sent off the afternoon before. Just before leaving Harrison's Landing an order was received to dispense with regimental bands, and those of our brigade were here mustered out of service, — the date of muster out of the Fifty-second band being August 1 6th. Some dummy sentinels were dressed up and placed at points around the intrenched camp to give the impression of occupancy to the inquisitive videttes of the enemy. Naglee's brigade took up its line of march very early on the morning of the 15th, and bivouacked the first night near Charles City C. H. in a corn-field. The ears were fit for roasting, and the crop was pretty well taken care of before the march was resumed. The Chickahominy was crossed, on a pontoon bridge twenty- two hundred feet long at Barrett's ferry, about noon of the 1 6th, and on the 17th the brigade lay within four miles of Williamsburg; the next night six miles east of that place, where it lay until the 19th, meantime being mustered for inspection, under orders from the War Department. On the 20th the march was resumed, pass- ing through Yorktown about noon, and camping three miles below the town, at Wormley's Creek. The army debarked at three different places, — Yorktown, Newport News, and Fort Monroe. By the 23d all had been shipped on transports except the Second Corps and Peck's (formerly Casey's) division of Keyes's corps. Sumner's (Second) corps followed in a few days, leaving Peck's 102 Pennsylvania Volunteers division on the peninsula. It was said that a raid by the enemy on our outposts at Williamsburg caused the de- tention of the division. Two brigades were sent to Suf- folk, Va., and Naglee's old brigade, now under command of General Emory, a cavalry officer, remained at York- town. Colonel Davis with the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania and the Ninety-eighth New York, soon after replaced by the One Hundredth New York, were sent across the York River to occupy the works at Gloucester Point, while the other regiments occupied the intrenchments environing Yorktown, mounting more than one hundred heavy guns. Here, in addition to in- fantry duty, the men were instructed as heavy artillerists. In the siege of Charleston, in which the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was afterwards engaged, this training was of great value. The head-quarters of General Keyes was established at Yorktown for a short time only, when the old Fourth Corps, Army of the Potomac, was discon- tinued.* Couch's division had gone back with McClel- lan and Peck had established his head-quarters at Suffolk, Va., leaving our brigade as part of the forces under General John A. Dix, commander at Fortress Monroe. * There was a Fourth Army Corps afterwards in the West, which took part in the battle of Franklin, Tenn. 103 CHAPTER XIII. DUTY AT YORKTOWN. At Yorktown there still remained outlines of some of the earthworks erected by Cornwallis when he was " bottled up " there by Washington, and forced to sur- render with his British army on October 19, 1781, after a siege lasting nearly two months, — the closing scene of the Revolution. Here drilling, guard duty, and training on the heavy artillery guns (so lavishly and uselessly pro- vided and placed there to satisfy the pick-and-shovel proclivities of McClellan) occupied the time and atten- tion of the soldiers for several months. Fine fresh oys- ters and fish were obtainable from fishermen's boats that came to the landing, and it was no impossible undertaking to bring through the guard lines, from " somewhere," an occasional canteen of whiskey, — for medicinal purposes. On the 28th of September, General Naglee returned and resumed command of the brigade. His return was heartily welcomed by the boys, but his incessant activity soon caused complaint among the officers and men, now somewhat impressed with the idea of '' taking things easy " until such time as hard work was needed. He dis- covered near Gloucester Point, on the opposite side of the river from Yorktown, a wide level plain on which a brigade could be drilled and manoeuvred very easily. So on Sundays he would take the Yorktown regiments across to Gloucester, combine them with Colonel Davis's two regiments there, and drill them for hours in the hot sun, putting them through all the evolutions he could think of, — and he could think of a lot. Colonel Davis, 104 Pennsylvania Volunteers who considered himself the commander of the post at Gloucester, did not like this encroachment upon his do- main, and in his book says : " There was no necessity for such military display in the absence of active operations." But there were active operations and " something doing" always when Naglee was in the saddle. In the latter part of November a raid was made up into Mathews County, Va., the force being a detail of about three hundred men of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and Eleventh Maine under the command of Major John B. Conyngham. They went up the east river at night on a tug, landing about two miles from the Mathews Court House. Forty sailors with a boat howitzer, under Mas- ter Blake of the navy, accompanied the expedition. They marched ten or a dozen miles, destroying thirty or forty salt kettles and about three thousand bushels of salt. In the latter part of November General John A. Dix came up from Fort Monroe and reviewed the troops on the Gloucester plain. He was a fine-looking old gentle- man. He did not give instructions that " The first man who hauls down the American flag, shoot him on the spot!" Early in December General Naglee, conceiving the idea that his brigade drills, regimental drills, guard duty, and three hours a day heavy artillery training did not give the soldiers all the exercise they could stand, evolved a plan to put more activity into their daily walks of life, and at the same time stir up the inhabitants of Gloucester and adjoining counties by paying them a week-end visit. To that end he marshalled a brigade of four regiments,— the Fifty-second Pennsylvania being one, — Mink's battery of artillery, and two squadrons of cavalry, which formidable 105 The Fifty-Second Regiment force, at 6 o'clock a.m., December nth, debouched upon the plains of Gloucester County and went marching along until along in the afternoon it went into bivouac near Gloucester C. H. Here Naglee joined his command, which had been augmented — perhaps re-enforced would be a better military term to use — by 90 men of the Sixth New York Cavalry and one company of the " Lost Babies," sent around on a tug by way of Mathews C. H. and overland to join the main army. When a junction had been effected and the forces concentrated, they were immediately dispersed by detachments, horse, foot, and dragoons being sent out in all directions to beat up the brush, drive away the rebel cavalry, intercept contraband trade, capture or destroy material and supplies intended for the rebel army, and to " raise cain " generally, — which they generally did. One detachment went to Buena Vista (not in Mexico), where they drove away some rebel rangers, burning their barracks and destroying their accumulation of supplies and forage. The Fourteenth Pennsylvania Cavalry squadron was sent into Middlesex County, where it destroyed a large tannery, two thousand hides, and brought away several wagon-loads of leather. Many of Stonewall Jackson's overmarched johnnies afterward went barefoot on account of this raid. The return to Yorktown on the 22d was like to the return of a Roman general after a victorious campaign against the Goths and Huns. The plunder in the shape of horses, cattle, sheep, hogs, corn, etc., came in " on the hoof," in carts and wagons, and on the backs of foragers. Twenty prisoners were also brought in, but, to the credit of those engaged, it can be said they were not tied to the cart- wheels of the victors. This was the parting shot at the 106 Pennsylvania Volunteers Old Dominion, for shortly thereafter orders were issued for the preparation of ten days' cooked rations, and for an expedition by vessel down the Atlantic coast, under sealed orders, not to be opened until twenty miles south of Cape Henry. 107 CHAPTER XIV. A DIARY OF THE TRIP TO THE SOUTH. These preparations marked the beginning of two and a half years' service of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania in North Carolina and South Carolina. The story of leav- ing Yorktown, and of the trip south, is told in the fol- lowing extracts from the diary of one of the Fifty-second boys, which recalls the memory of some of the experi- ences and dangers encountered in this " going down to the sea in ships," and is introduced here to give an idea of the daily life of a soldier on a military transport in those (stomach-) stirring times. Yorktown, Va., Sunday, Dec. 28, 1862. — We waited, with considerable impatience, all day for transportation, as we had packed everything up and were living on our three days' cooked rations provided for our journey, and this we didn't relish very well (that is, the idea, not the rations), not knowing how we would fare on the trans- ports. Some of our boys, wishing to take a little nip of New Year's while it was yet to be had, slung canteens and sallied out quietly to find it. Monday, Dec. 2pth. — The old steamboat " Georgia " came up to-day, and we marched on board, bid an affec- tionate adieu to Yorktown, and started down the river. On the way down met a tug-boat coming up with Major Conyngham on board. The tug pulled up alongside and the major came on deck with us. Next we met the mail- boat " Thomas Morgan," which also came alongside, to let on board some of our officers wJio had been down to Fort Monroe, with their wives and friends who were returning to their homes after a visit in our camp. On arriving off the Fort the colonel went on shore and pro- 108 Pennsylvania Volunteers tested against going to sea in such an old unseaworthy boat. The captain of the " Georgia," it is said, also refused to run her out. They telegraphed to Baltimore for another boat. Tuesday, Dec. soth. — At night it came and we were soon on board. She is named the " Expounder," for- merly the " Daniel Webster," but refitted and renamed. This boat was built at Portland, Me., in 1848, and had run between that port and Bangor. She is between seven and eight hundred tons burden, has two engines, two stacks, two masts, — a side-wheeler. Wednesday, Dec. 31st. — Having everything on board, we pulled out to sea, but found it very rough. A strong northeast gale was blowing, and the captain, fearing trouble, concluded to turn back and find safety in Hamp- ton Roads. The boat being loaded quite heavily on the top deck with horses, mules, forage, and provisions, it was considered top-heavy and a dangerous undertaking to turn against the wind where the waves should take her on the broadside. It was, however, safely accom- plished by running out three or four miles, the only acci- dent being the loss of a mule which was thrown overboard from the top deck by a sudden lurch of the boat in mak- ing the turn. He was just ass enough to swim away from shore, and was soon lost to view among the huge billows of the Atlantic. In the evening we were again safely anchored in the Roads. Some of our boys were already heartily sick of voyaging and would willingly have taken the trip south cross lots and afoot, on empty stomachs, the contents having been dumped overboard. For myself, can say I didn't have the least trouble from sea sickness. Thursday, Jan. i, 1863. — Woke to the light of a New Year's morning, and of course wished ourselves many " Happy New Year " greetings as we came crawling up out of the hold. The captain received orders to go on, which he determined to do if it took every plank out of the old boat. So out we steamed, passed the gunboat 109 The Fifty-Second Regiment " Naugatuck," the Ripraps, then the Hght-ship, Cape Henry, and we were out on the bounding deep. It was a good thing we had no turkey dinner, for very few would have more than the satisfaction of putting it down before " casting it upon the waters " as food for the fishes. Our New Year's was not a Hvely one ; we walked the deck, — some sang, but most of the boys had long faces. In the evening the wind rose and ditto the waves, so that the boat rolled, pitched, and tumbled. The mules and horses on deck just over our heads stumbled and jumped from side to side, which with the constant creak- ing of timbers and the pitching of the boat made sleep almost impossible. I made up my mind all was right, so rolled in and went to sleep. So passed the New Year's day of 1863; who knows what may transpire ere we see another ? Friday, Jan. 2d. — This morning the sun rose glor- iously over the waters ; the cold clouds were scattered right and left, and his bright rays shot out on the waves, which glimmering with the ruddy glow looked like waves of gold. Our boat was lighted on by his genial rays, and as they struck the masts and spars and deck, and pierced into the gloomy hold through the hatches, the boys came crawling out like foxes from their holes, all making for the sunny side of the boat, crouching behind bales of hay, or beside the pilot-house and stacks, to avoid the cold wind which blew strong from the north. It was nearly noon when we steamed into Beaufort Harbor, N. C, passing Fort Macon on our left, a low grass-covered cir- cular work bristling with guns and almost surrounded by water. Beaufort on the north looked very pleasant, backed by a long line of green pines. A short time after passing the fort a young fair-haired and beardless naval officer came alongside in a boat and was received on deck by Colonel Dodge. He gave out the news that the " Monitor " — the cheese-box on a raft that licked the " Merrimac " — sunk Wednesday night off Cape Hatteras in the storm we escaped. Pennsylvania Volunteers We passed a couple of gunboats, a revenue cutter, one of the new monitors which came through in the storm all right, and brought up alongside the wharf at Moore- head City. We landed, formed in line, then marched about three miles out to Carolina City, — a place of a few scattering houses, — where we are still in camp this 7th day of January. Day before yesterday a native came here to get some of our men to guard his property, com- plaining that our pickets near his place have too familiar ways of appropriating from his premises anything they desired without asking permission or even thanking him. He rode a tough-looking little sorrel animal, and while talking twisted his mustache and switched his riding whip in true southern style. The colonel gave him a detail of a corporal and three men. Of course Keator and Cosier — the inseparable — were two of the party, be- ing always alive to such chances of ruminating. Having heard that the guards were to take no rations, they smelt warm meals at the gentleman's own table, and therefore were not backward in coming forward in the inglorious cause. It seems from Free's story, who was here this morning on the sorrel, that they smelt all right, having roasted duck, hot biscuit, etc., and a general good time. Thursday, Jan. 8th. — Keator was in this morning for cofifee and sugar, which goes to show that there are some things lacking at their table. Monday, Jan. igth. — Received orders to pack up and go on board the boat, which we obeyed without reluc- tance, as we were fully satisfied with our visit to Carolina City. At dusk we were all safely on board the " Ex- pounder " again, bag and baggage, in company with three companies of the Eighty-first New York. Monday, Jan. 26th. — V/hen we came on board it was with the expectation of nearly all that we would leave immediately, but after lying in the harbor for a whole week we have come to the conclusion that large bodies move slowly. Thursday, Jan. 2gth. — The fleet is under orders and III The Fifty-Second Regiment we are to follow the flag-ship. In getting into line the steamer " New England " ran across in our wake so near as to smash the pilot-boat attached to our stern by a tow line. This made it necessary for us to run back and let off the pilot, which we did, and then regained our position next the flag-ship, which we retained during the rest of the day and night. Friday, Jan. soth. — Everything went well to-day, mak- ing over 12 knots an hour. The *' New England" (a side-wheeler somewhat larger than ours) and two pro- pellers are the only ones now in sight except the " Cahawba." Saturday, Jan. 31st. — This morning while lying to, waiting for daylight to run into Port Royal, we heard some firing in the distance, which we now learn was at Charleston, where some rebel rams attempted to break up the blockade. It is rumored that two of our blockading squadron were captured, and that the " Keystone State '' of our fleet, was hit through the boiler, scalding a number of men by steam. It is also reported that our blockading fleet has captured an Anglo-reb. ship with a valuable cargo of iron plating and engines for the manufacture of more rebel rams. Sunday, Feb. ist. — The transport with '' Les Enfans Perdus," or, as we call them, the " Lost Babies," came into port this morning. Thursday, Feb. 3th. — Rim back to Hilton Head to-day, having run out yesterday to avoid danger from the storm and gale. It is still raining hard. The U. S. mail steamer " Arago," from New York, came in to-day. Sunday, Feb. 8th. — To-day the transports are unload- ing at the landing on St. Helena Island. We will prob- ably get off to-morrow. General Naglee, it is reported, says he thinks Charleston will be attacked within two weeks. Yesterday we had the pleasure of seeing the turret iron-clad " Weehawken " come in, making three of the monitor class now here. The " New Ironsides " is also lying here in the harbor with steam up, and a Pennsylvania Volunteers powerful looking craft she is. Ship of the line " Ver- mont " and the steam frigate " Wabash " are also here, with other vessels and craft too numerous to mention. Tuesday, Feb. loth. — To-day we landed and went into camp on St. Helena Island. The portion of the island where we are has been well cultivated. Here is where they raised the famous long-fibre " sea-island " cotton. Sweet potatoes were also a great crop here. Some of our boys sallied out to look up our confines, and found an alligator about seven feet long in a marsh at the far end of the island, which they shot and hauled into camp. They also found some oranges, but they were sour. Saturday, April 4th. — Received orders to break camp and pack up. In the evening we were all on board a sail- ing vessel, — the bark " Milton." So we are now to sail the briny, and become sailors before the mast, or behind it, — perhaps get into Davy Jones's locker. Sunday, April ^th. — Were taken in tow by propeller " Key West," and in company with other transports left Port Royal harbor and turned south. Just at night we ran into the mouth of Edisto River. As we cut loose from the propeller, our bark had a collision with a schooner which carried off part of our jib-boom. Monday, April 6th. — Everything quiet, except rumor, which says General Hunter has made a demand for the surrender of the city of Charleston. Tuesday, April yth. — This morning we had another collision, this time with the ship " J. Morton." When the tide turned, both vessels swung in toward each other, our bowsprit getting foul of the " Morton's " stay-chains, which were chopped off to free us. While this was being done, a lot of our boys boarded the " Morton " through the main chains to get hot coffee, which was a lucky thing, as there were no facilities for making coffee on the " Milton." A prize schooner was brought in to-day. Some of our officers were on shore to-day, and while there heard distant firing of cannon to the north. Wednesday, April 8th. — It is now reported that our 8 113 The Fifty- Second Regiment iron-clad fleet has been engaged with the rebel forts in Charleston harbor and four of them been disabled. Friday, April loth. — Report now says Beaufort is be- ing pressed by the rebs and we are ordered back in haste to repel them. After being towed out to the open, we struck a fine breeze, and, cutting loose from the " Key West," we sailed right away from her. Saturday, April nth. — We lay outside Port Royal entrance all night in a storm. At daylight the " Key West " came along and towed us into the harbor. We were afterwards taken in tow by the screw steamer " Geo. C. Collins," and are now on our way to Beaufort, S. C. 114 CHAPTER XV. CONCENTRATING IN NORTH CAROLINA. The foregoing extract from the diary of one of the Fifty-second boys gives an idea of the conditions and environments of a soldier at sea in those days, and will recall some of the experiences of that expedition to those survivors who took part therein. On reaching North Carolina the troops from Virginia became subject to the orders of General J. G. Foster, commanding the Department of North Carolina, the troops of that department constituting the Eighteenth Army Corps. Here new dispositions of regiments and brigades were made. Brigadier-General Naglee became a division commander. His Second Division was com- posed of two brigades, — the First Brigade under com- mand of Brigadier-General Charles Heckman, the Second Brigade under our old commander, Colonel W. W. H. Davis. The First Brigade was composed of the Eighty- first New York, Ninety-eighth New York, Ninth New Jersey, and Twenty-third Massachusetts. Davis's bri- gade was the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Eleventh Maine, One Hun- dredth New York and the Independent Battalion New York Volunteers (Enfans Pcrdus). The Fifty-sixth New York, which had formed part of our brigade on the peninsula, was now assigned to another brigade under Colonel J. B. Howell, of the Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania. General Naglee's division head-quarters were at New- berne, where, for a short time during the absence of General Foster, he was temporarily in command of the IIS The Fifty- Second Regiment department. While here, on January 8, 1863, he issued his famous order authorizing the regiments formerly under his command on the peninsula of Virginia to in- scribe on their banners the names of the engagements in which they had taken part up to that time. A copy of that order is given here as follows : " Head-quarters, Naglee's Division, Newberne, N. C, Jan. 8, 1863. GENERAL ORDERS No. 3. The several regiments of the late ist Brigade, com- manded by General Naglee, will inscribe upon their ban- ners the following names, indicating important events in the History of the War, in which they acted a conspicu- ous part, namely: Lee's Mills, April , 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and looth N. Y. Vols. Williamsburg, May 5th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. Vols. Chickahominy, May 19th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th N. Y. Vols. Reconnoissance to Seven Pines, May 24th, 25th and 26th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth IMaine, 56th, 1 00th and 98th N. Y. Vols. " Seven Pines " or Fair Oaks, May 31st, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and looth N. Y. S. Vols. Rail Road and Bottoms Bridges, June 27th and 28th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and 1 00th N. Y. S. Vols. White Oak Swamp Bridge, June 30th, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. S. Vols. Carter's Hill, July 2d, 1862. — 104th and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th and lOOth N. Y. S. Vols. 116 Pennsylvania Volunteers Mathews County. Nov. 22d, i862.-iith Maine, 52d Penna Vols Ind. Batt. N. Y. Vols. ^'Scester'. Virginia. Dec 14th .86..-52d Penna., I ith Maine. 56th and looth ^. \. S. Vo s. Yorktown, August 17th to Dec 31st, 862.- 04h and 52d Penna. Vols., nth Maine, 56th, 8ist. 98th. lOoth N Y and Ind. Batt. N. Y. Vols. The General lately commanding the Brigade most hap- pily takes this occasion to congratulate the officers and sildiers .vith ^yhom he has been so intimately associated^ Whilst memory lasts, it will continual y «="■■ ^ ^e scenes of deprivation and danger and blood and battle hrough which you haye passed, and you will remember your Sperience^and discontent, and then your discipline %r::;iu'eS^ert!;h 'r°egret the deadly effects of the ni' wet[he\°r^TnThe adyance upon W.Uiamsburgh, and when ordered by General McClellan to support Gen. Hancock, the enemy gave up the contest. On the iQth of May, at Bottoms Bridge, you waded waTst deep i? the swamps of theChickahominyj^u drove awav the enemy and were the first to cross that stream. On he 23d, 1 70 of your number made a reconno.ssance from Bottom's Bridge^o the James River, -ar Drury s Bluff, and returned bringing valuable >nformat on On the 24th, 25th and 26th, after other troops had failed, you made the gallant dashing reconnoissance o the Seven Pines, driving the superior fo'=/ °f G«"- f *f J from Bottoms Bridge to within four and a half miles ot Richmond, the position nearest that city ever occupied by °V:ZU of May, at ■' Fair Oaks," or " Seven Pines," occupying the above advanced position your brigade made the most^desperate, bloody, obstinate fight of the w^r, at^d while we mourn the loss of one-ha f of .o"-- ^^Tf ^es in arms you have the consolation of knowing that by their 117 The Fifty- Second Regiment heroic sacrifice and your stubborn resistance, you saved the Army of the Potomac from great disaster. On the 27th, 28th and 29th of June, the Rebel General Jackson hurled his immense force suddenly upon our right and passed that flank of the army, and all turned with extreme solicitude towards the rear at Bottoms Bridge, which, if crossed, would result in irretrievable ruin; and it should be a source of great pride and satis- faction in the future to remember that all this intense anxiety was dispelled, and all breathed with relief and felt secure, when it rapidly ran through the Army that " Na- glee's Brigade had destroyed the bridges and stood night and day, for three days, in the middle of the Chickahom- iny successfully and continually resisting its passage." Again, on the following day, you held a post of the greatest importance and danger; at the White Oak Swamp the most determined efforts of the enemy to cross the bridge in pursuit of our amiy were thwarted by our artillery, and you stood for ten hours supporting it, quiet spectators of the most terrific cannonade, while other regiments were only kept in place by being ordered back when they approached your line. Retreating all night, you stood ready in position on the following day, expect- ing to be ordered to take part in the battle at Malvern Hill. Retreating again all night, at Carter's Hill on the 2d of July, you stood by the artillery and wagon train, and when all expected it would be destroyed, you brought it safely to Harrison's Landing. During December you destroyed a dozen large salt works in Mathews County, Virginia, and drove the Rangers from that and Gloucester, Middlesex, and King and Queen Counties, captured large herds intended for the rebel army, and destroyed all their barracks, stables and stores. At Yorktown, from August to the end of December, you have restored the works at that place and Gloucester 118 Pennsylvania Volunteers Point, and they are by your labor rendered strong and defensible. Thus is yours the honor of having been the first to pass and the last to leave the Chickahominy, and while you led the advance from this memorable place to near Richmond, you were the last in the retreating column, when after seven days' constant fighting it reached a place of security and rest at Harrison's Landing. Your descendants for generations will boast of the gallant conduct of the regiments to which you belong, and when all are laid in the dust, history will still proclaim the glorious deeds performed by you. Go on ! " The Truth is mighty and will prevail." Pre- tenders, for a time, may rob you of your just deserts, but as you have experienced, their evil report will certainly be exposed ; for your many friends at home, ever watch- ful of and identified with your reputation, will see that justice shall be done. A new page in your history is about to be written, let it be still more brilliant than that already known. Your past good conduct has won the warmest esteem and confi- dence of your late Brigade Commander; he has no appre- hensions for the future. By command of Brig.-Gen. Henry M. Naglee, Commanding Division. Geo. H. Johnson, Captain and A. A. G. The sojourn in North Carolina was less than a month in duration, and was only a concentration of troops pre- paratory to operations farther south against Charleston and other points along the coast. General Ferry, with a brigade from Suffolk, Va., and General Wessells, with his brigade, now formed part of the forces under Foster, so that, when the order to embark again was given, five 119 The Fifty-Second Regiment brigades were included in the command, witli a regiment of artillery. The embarkation began on January 19th, but it was not until January 29th that the expedition got under way. While in the harbor of Beaufort, N. C, awaiting the signal to put to sea, General Naglee issued an order for the formation of a battalion of sharp- shooters, and Lieutenant-Colonel H. M. Hoyt, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, was placed in command of it. Each regiment in our brigade furnished a detail of offi- cers and men for this duty, about three hundred all told. 120 CHAPTER XVI. SAILING OF THE FLEET. On the 29th of January the signal was given for sail- ing, and the fleet, following the lead of the flag-ship " Cahawba," on which General Naglee made his head- quarters, put out to sea. It was 5 p.m. when the fleet had cleared the harbor and turned southward. The Fifty-second was again on the " Expounder," the same vessel on which it came down from Fort Monroe. The expedition passed Charleston on the night of the 30th, and on the 31st reached Port Royal, S. C. The harbor here was used as the naval station for the South Atlantic blockading squadron at this time and until the close of the war. General Foster was detained in North Carolina and was not Vv^ith the expedition, General Naglee being in command of the Eighteenth Corps troops. He reported to Major-General David Hunter, then in command of the Department of the South. Hunter thereupon assumed command of all the troops and issued an order incorporating them into the Tenth Army Corps, directing all supplies, equipment, etc., to be turned over to his quartermaster-general, and rearranging things to suit himself. However, it did not suit ever3^body. General Naglee especially, and he put up a vigorous kick. He quickly advised General Foster of the situation, and that officer took up the matter with the War Department at Washington, the result being that the orders of Hunter were revoked, leaving our troops in the Eighteenth Corps. This was only a temporary victory for General Naglee. 121 The Fifty- Second Regiment The truce was short lived, culminating in General Naglee being ordered to New York, from which place he was to report to the adjutant-general of the army at Wash- ington. He left the Department of the South on March nth, taking with him the esteem and best wishes of all the officers and men who had ser\^ed under him. He was a most energetic, brave, and gallant officer, and his de- parture was sincerely regretted. Brigadier-General Ferry, next in rank, was put in command of the Eigh- teenth Corps troops. Our (Davis's) brigade had been camping on St. Helena Island, just north of Port Royal harbor, since the i ith of February. While here the pay- master made a visit and disbursed four months' pay, — November, December, January, and February. There was not a place on the island where the boys could spend any money, so there was '' nothing doing " in the way of celebrating the happy event. On March 23d the One Hundredth New York was sent to Coles Island, where it was in Colonel Howells's brigade for a time. There were rumors now rife of an early attack upon Charleston, and orders were soon received for the troops to prepare for embarkation. The forces at Hilton Head and on the adjacent islands consisted of three divisions of infantry, a brigade of artillery, a battalion of engineers, and a light battery. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania was assigned to the bark " Milton," the One Hundred and Fourth Penn- sylvania and Eleventh Maine to the steamer " Cahawba," and the Independent Battalion (Enfans Perdiis) to the propeller " G. C. Collins." We were in General Heck- man's division, his flag-ship being the propeller " United States." The troops, altogether numbering about 16,000, were embarked on the 3d and 4th of April, the destination Pennsylvania Volunteers being in the North Edisto, about twenty miles south of Charleston. Here the fleet of transports cast anchor to await the result of the iron-clads' attack on Fort Sumter and other defences of Charleston harbor. One brigade, however, under Colonel Howells, consisting of the One Hundredth New York, Eighty-fifth Pennsylvania, Thirt3'--ninth Illinois, and Sixty-second Ohio, was landed on the south end of Folly Island, at the mouth of the Stono River. Here in the broad entrance to the Stono, the iron-clad annada had assembled for the purpose of " sailing into " Charleston harbor and laying waste all its famous and frowning fortifications. When this little " stunt " had been satisfactorily accomplished, we were to land and surround all that was left of the doomed city, turning the same over to Uncle Sam for such punishment as was thought proper for the '' hot-bed of secession." Well, on April 6th the invincible iron-clads crossed Charleston bar, and cast anchor in the outer harbor. Ad- miral Du Pont was in command on his flag-ship the " New Ironsides," at that time considered the most powerful battle-ship in the world. He had with him seven monitors and the double-turret monitor '* Keokuk." On the 7th this formidable fleet " w'ent in " to do up Fort Sumter and any other little fort that might be standing around in our way. The monitors approached within six or seven hundred yards of Sumter, the " Ironsides " within one thousand yards, and for about two long hours they made it quite interesting for the rebellious people in those forts. Then they withdrew, threw up the sponge, and called the fight off. The " Keokuk " had been struck below the belt and sunk soon after withdrawing. Two other monitors were practically disabled for actual busi- 123 The Fifty- Second Regiment ness. All had dents in their iron plating, and some had holes through their smoke-stacks, but no serious mishap to them that would necessitate withdrawal. There being- no prospect of a renewal of the attack by the fleet, and therefore no call for the landing of troops, our trans- ports pulled up anchor and sailed back again. On the nth of April our brigade was sent to Beaufort. S. C. Here the Eleventh Maine was detached and sent to Fer- nandina, Florida. The New York Independent Battal- ion were sent back to St. Helena Island, leaving the Fifty- second Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania almost alone in their glory. 124 GENERAL QUINCY A. GILLMORE Commander Department of the South. CHAPTER XVIl. OPERATIONS AT BEAUFORT. Colonel Davis was in command of the post of Beau- fort, at which post there were two colored regiments re- cruited in the department from contrabands, one by- Colonel Montgomery, the other by Colonel Thos. W. Hig- ginson, a New Englander afterwards widely known as an author and educator. There were also two short-term Pennsylvania militia regiments, the One Hundred and Seventy-fourth and One Hundred and Seventy-sixth Pennsylvania, whose time expired while there. A regi- ment of colored troops raised in Massachusetts (the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts), commanded by Colonel Shaw (afterwards killed in the assault upon Fort Wag- ner, Morris Island), was added to Montgomery's com- mand, making up a colored brigade. These colored troops were kept busy going out in different directions on so-called " expeditions," which amounted to little more than predatory raids on the plantations along the coast. Otherwise things were rather quiet for some time in the Department of the South. But busier times were not far off. On the 12th of June, Brigadier-General Quincy A. Gillmore made his appearance and assumed command of the Department, relieving General Hunter, and also relieving the minds of the officers and men serving under him. His advent put new life into the troops, for he im- mediately started in to " do things." Howells's brigade was still in possession of Folly Island, and had thrown up some earthworks there. The force there was aug- mented by detachm.ents of New York engineers, and by the First United States, Third Rhode Island, and Third 125 The Fifty- Second Regiment New York Artillery. On the 15th of June work was be- gun on the north end of Folly Island, where Gillmore planted batteries to aid in getting possession of Morris Island, with the ultimate object of reducing Fort Sumter. On July 4th the troops at Beaufort had a Fourth of July celebration on the public square. The square was shaded by great live-oak trees, making an ideal place for the exercises, games, and amusements that were indulged in. It was a sane celebration, as there were no fireworks A salute was fired at one of the redoubts near the river. The colored troops had their exercises at the south end of the square, where Colonel Higginson delivered a patriotic address. Our officers and theirs did not fra- ternize to any extent, and the men did not mix at all. The day's festivities closed without any casualties. On July 6th the paymaster made his debut among the boys, distributing four months' pay. It would have been appreciated more had it been made a few days earlier. An order had been issued on the 5th for the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth Regiments to embark for Folly Island, but it was held up to accommodate the paymaster. However, the boys, having the money in their clothes, embarked on the afternoon of the 6th in the best of spirits. The Fifty-second was on the transport " Bos- ton," which landed the regiment on Folly Island after dark. The One Hundred and Fourth was on the " Dela- ware." Both vessels got away before daylight, so the enemy had no knowledge of their arrival or departure. The idea was to screen the movements of the troops as much as possible from the enemy. General Gillmore was now about ready to cross Tight-house Inlet from the 126 Pennsylvania Volunteers north end of Folly Island and get a footing on the south- eastern end of Morris Island. In order to draw off a part of the enemy from his point of attack, he planned a feigned attack by way of James Island and Secession- ville. Brigadier-General A. H. Terry was entrusted with carrying out this movement up the Stono River, and the troops assigned him for the purpose were Stephenson's brigade from Edisto, — consisting of the Tenth Connecti- cut, Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania, Twenty-fourth Massa- chusetts, and the Fourth New Hampshire, — Davis's bri- gade, consisting of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth New York, and two colored regiments, the Fifty-fourth Mas- sachusetts and the Second South Carolina under Colonel Montgomery. On the afternoon of July 9th this force embarked on transports which steamed up the Stono River, convoyed by the monitor " Nantucket," the gun- boats " Pawnee " and " Commodore McDonough." and a mortar schooner. About three miles up the river, at Stevens Landing, the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania disembarked in the mud, and marched up the causeway to a bridge, where a rebel picket post fired and fled. The two regiments here bivouacked for the night, the other troops remaining on their transports. In the morning the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth made a reconnoissance towards Secessionville, driving away some cavalry pickets, but were recalled by General Terry. Meantime the other troops had landed and gone into camp. Our brigade camped in the edge of the woods near the roadway, the others in the open land on the left, the picket line being established nearly a mile in our front. During the morn- 127 The Fifty- Second Regiment ing the distant booming of Gillmore's guns could be heard across the intervening islands and swamps, giving us in- formation that he was on schedule time with his train of operations. Our camp for several days was undis- turbed, except by the incessant and venomous attacks of the mosquitoes that swarmed in the swamps and woods around us. On July 14th our force was augmented by the arrival of Rockwell's Connecticut battery. This addi- tion of light artillery came just in time, as it was called into action in our front on the second morning after its arrival. On that morning — July i6th — the rebels came down from Charleston and Secessionville with the evident intention of " doing up " the Yanks for daring to invade the sacred soil of James Island. Our feigned attack had finally succeeded in calling off a con- siderable force from Gillmore's front, for they came for us with a brigade of Stonewall Jackson's old corps, sev- eral regiments of Georgia and North Carolina troops, two batteries of 12-pounders, and some cavalry. They fiercely assaulted the line held by our pickets, driving in the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts and Tenth Connecticut, with considerable loss to the former. Having thus cleared the way, they came on the field in force. One of their batteries, placed near the Grimball house in front of our extreme left, opened fire on the gun-boat " Paw- nee," lying at anchor a short distance below that place in the Stono. The gun-boat was headed upstream and not in position to bring her guns to bear on the battery. The " Pawnee " pulled up anchor, and, in swinging around to bring her broadside in play, ran aground. The rebels im- proved this opportunity, for before the turn of the tide enabled her to get off and drop downstream in position 128 Pennsylvania Volunteers to reply, they had hit her about fifty times, without, how- ever, doing serious damage to the boat, and only killing one and wounding three of her crew. When she brought her guns to bear, the rebs' battery was soon silenced, being forced to retire out of range, with its infantry supports. Failing to turn our left by destroying or driving away the " Pawnee," the enemy made an attack on our right. Bringing out a battery on the causeway on the left flank of their infantry formation, they opened with shot and shell on our lines, now formed ready for the expected charge of the enemy and lying down to await their com- ing. They sent a great many of their shells into the woods where our brigade encamped but which was now vacated, and many more over the heads of the troops. Rockwell's Connecticut battery was soon in position in front of the woods on our right and playing on the rebel battery with good effect. Two guns were dismounted and several of their gunners and horses were killed. Having put the battery in bad shape. Captain Rockwell began playing on the enemy's infantry lines, with serious results to them. They were massed for a charge on our lines, and they suffered much more severely than we at that time supposed. It was afterwards learned from rebel sources that the loss in killed and wounded among the North Carolina troops alone was over a hundred. While this combat of artillery was going on, one of our transports, — the " John Adams," — with a 30-pound Par- rott rifle pivoted on her bow, came up the creek, or bayou, on our right, to a position opposite, and from which it could see the left flank of the enemy. It had on board supplies for our troops, and, most fortunately, supplies of ammunition for its gun. On board also were Lieutenant 9 129 The Fifty-Second Regiment C. P. Ross, quartermaster of the Fifty-second Pennsyl- vania, and Lieutenant McCoy, of the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, They took in the situation and at once concluded to take a hand in the fight. The Parrott gun was loaded and fired about a dozen times, and, if it did nothing more, it certainly gave the enemy the impres- sion that both our flanks were protected by gunboats, for they soon afterwards retired from the field without at- tempting to charge our lines. This quartermaster's gun- boat fight was one of the " features " of the engagement, as it was as unexpected by General Terry as it was by the enemy. Our loss was almost entirely confined to the Fifty- fourth Massachusetts, which regiment was fiercely attacked on the picket line, losing about fifty killed and wounded. One of the Connecticut battery was killed, and a mounted orderly of Colonel Davis was wounded and his horse killed. The object of our James Island campaign having been fully accomplished by diverting the attention of the enemy while Gillmore made a descent upon Morris Island, General Terry received orders to return to Folly Island. This was safely accomplished the next night. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania was sent out on the picket line for the night, while the other troops packed up their traps ready to leave under cover of dark- ness. The embarkation was made after dark and during a heavy thunder-storm. Colonel Davis, of the One Hun- dred and Fourth Pennsylvania, in command of our bri- gade, describes his experiences of that night as follows : " The night was one of the darkest I ever saw and the rain fell in unceasing torrents. Everything combined to render it a period of gloomy uncertainty. My brigade was required to furnish a regiment for picket that night, 130 Pennsylvania Volunteers and the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was detailed for this unpleasant duty. Tt fell to my lot to be field-officer of the day. Nearly all the baggage had been hauled down to the wharf by one o'clock a.m. and several of the regiments put en route across the marshes. At this hour I was ordered to ride to the front and draw in the pickets. They were in close proximity to the enemy. I was guided by the vivid flashes of lightning which accom- panied the loud thunder and pouring rain as I floundered into ditches and rode through briars and thorns. Several times I stopped, completely lost, and had to wait for a new lightning flash to direct me on my course. After considerable difficulty, I found the line and ordered it withdrawn. Lieutenant-Colonel Hoyt and Major Conyng- ham were both on duty with the regiment, whom I found watching with their men in the bush, wet to the skin. They will call to mind how, when they came to look for their picket posts, some of them could not be found, and the men did not know the regiment had been withdrawn until daylight informed them that they were alone. They reached the landing in time to embark with the rear guard." (The Ninety-seventh Pennsyl- vania was rear guard at the landing.) The Fifty-second Pennsylvania were finally on board, and at daylight of the 17th the James Island Invading Expedition was safely on its way back to Folly Island. Colonel Davis, with the One Hundred and Fourth Penn- sylvania, Fifty-sixth New York, and several other regi- ments, left James Island by a causeway which had been found to connect, by crossing several bridges, with Coles Island, a march of about four miles. The bridges were destroyed in their rear as they went. X31 CHAPTER XVIII. AT THE NORTH END OF FOLLY ISLAND. On the next day — July i8th — the brigade marched up Folly Island to the north end near Light-house Inlet. At evening the baggage-wagons had come up from Paw- nee Landing, and camps were settled for the night. On the other side of the inlet — over on Morris Island — things were not so quiet or restful. A second assault on Fort Wagner had been planned by General Gillmore to be made this evening of the i8th. The first attempt to carry the fort by storm was made on July i ith, while we were on James Island. General Strong led that assault with his brigade, — the Seventh Connecticut, Seventy- sixth Pennsylvania, and Ninth Maine. It resulted in failure, and with a loss of about 280 killed and wounded. Siege operations had been commenced and the first paral- lel completed on the 17th, when it was decided, before going on with the siege, to try another assault, — that for this evening of the i8th. This second assault resulted also in failure, and a much more disastrous one, the losses being 118 officers and 1357 men. Colonel Shaw with his Fifty- fourth Massachusetts (colored) regiment led the column of attack. He was killed, and, as the rebels reported, " buried in the ditch with his niggers." General Strong, who led the first attack, was also in the second, and mortally wounded, dying on the 30th in New York. General Truman Seymour was wounded and one of his aides killed. Colonel Chatfield, of the Sixth Con- necticut, was wounded, and died a few weeks later in Connecticut. Colonel Putnam, of the Third New Hamp- 132 Pennsylvania Volunteers shire, was killed on the parapet of the fort, where he was holding on with a few of his command in the hope of getting re-enforcements that would yet be victorious. The second attempt to get possession of Fort Wagner by assault having failed, the siege operations, begun on the 13th, were now continued. The Fifty-second and the other regiments of the bri- gade bivouacked that night at the north end of Folly Island, passing a very gloomy night. It rained heavily during the night, and the sad news of defeat and death on Morris Island threw a cloud of sadness over the camp. The casualties among the brigade commanders and gen- eral officers made necessary the appointment of others to succeed them. General A. H. Terry succeeded General Seymour in command of the troops on Morris Island, and General Israel Vodges, who had been in command on Folly Island, was ordered over to Morris Island to the com- mand of Strong's brigade. This left Colonel W. W. H. Davis the senior officer on Folly Island, and on the 19th he was placed in command of the forces on that island. The troops were the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania, Fifty-sixth New- York, Forty-seventh New York, the Independent Bat- talion New York, and three light batteries. Folly Island stretches south from Light-house Inlet about seven miles, and is one-half in width at the widest part. It was heavily timbered, and supplied the engineers on Morris Island with timber for the construction of batteries, magazines, stockades, and other purposes during the siege. 133 CHAPTER XIX. THE SIEGE OF FORT WAGNER. As previously stated, the first parallel was completed on July 17th. It was 1350 yards from Wagner and 4000 yards from Sumter. On the 23d a second parallel was commenced at a distance of 600 yards to 800 yards nearer. Meantime, on the 25th, the erection of breaching batteries began. At the first parallel near the beach was the naval battery manned by gunners from the fleet. It mounted two 200-pounder Parrotts and two 84- pounder Whitworth rifled guns. In addition there were five 8-inch and five ten-inch siege mortars, two 30- pounder Parrotts, and a Requa battery manned by sol- diers. In the second parallel were mounted two 200- pounder and five lOO-pounder Parrotts, in three batter- ies. The " Left Batteries," four in number, at a dis- tance of 4250 yards from Sumter, mounted one 300- pounder, two 200-pounder, five lOO-pounder, and four 20-pounder Parrotts. All these batteries were subse- quently used in the reduction of Fort Sumter. Near the second parallel a large magazine was built, and adjoining it a bomb-proof for head-quarters, with a telegraph in- strument and operators inside. This was used by the field-officers of the trenches. On the beach a battery mounting two 12-inch howitzers, called the ** Surf Bat- tery," was erected. On July 24th an exchange of pris- oners took place in the harbor, under flags of truce, and 105 of our wounded were returned, — among them, how- ever, none of the colored soldiers. 134 Pennsylvania Volunteers On July 29th the rebels opened fire from a new battery erected on James Island, called " Bull of the Woods." On July 31st General Vodges returned to the command of Folly Island, relieving Colonel Davis. On August 1st the forces were increased by the arrival of Gordon's brigade of the Eleventh Corps, and later by another bri- gade under General A. Schimmelfennig. On August 3d Captain Paine, of the One Hundredth New York, was captured while scouting in the creek at the south side of Wagner. He was a bold scout and had, during many previous " expeditions " with his boat's crew, obtained much important information. About this time the erection of a battery away out in the swamp between Morris Island and James Island was commenced. It was located nearly a mile from our Morris Island batteries, and its erection was considered a great engineering feat. The location selected was cov- ered by water at high tide, and a creek near-by which was navigable at high tide made possible the transpor- tation, to the site, of materials for its construction, which were a raft of logs for a foundation, sand-bags to be piled thereon until it sank to a solid position, timbers, planks, and sand-bags to make a floor for the gun, and three thick walls for its protection. It was commenced on August 4th and completed August 19th, all the work being done at night and at hours when the tides were favorable. The gun — a 200-pounder Parrott — was floated to the spot on a timber raft at high tide, and trans- ferred to its position inside the little sand-bag fort before the enemy knew what was going on out in the marshes. From this battery (named the " Swamp Angel ") it was exactly five miles to Charleston City. By elevating the 135 The Fifty- Second Regiment gun to an angle of 35 degrees it could throw a shell that distance. General Gillmore, now having the means of shelling Charleston, made a demand upon General Beauregard to evacuate Morris Island and Fort Sumter or he would bombard that city. This demand was not complied with. Beauregard was not ready to be " hoist " with one little gun located in a swamp, and therefore de- clined the proposition to give quit-claim possession to " all and singular the hereditaments and premises " as afore- said demanded. Thereupon Gillmore's gunners in the Swamp Angel battery sent some special messengers in the shape of shells through the air into Charleston, where they alighted without much difficulty or damage, but much to the consternation of its citizens. The gun was fired only thirty-five times when it exploded. It was not replaced. The third parallel was opened on August 9th by means of the " flying sap," 450 yards from Wagner. A large roller made of bundles of withes confined by iron bands was rolled along in front of the " sappers " or trench diggers, protecting them from the sharp-shooters of the enemy; the sand thrown out on the exposed side gave protection also, except as to shells thrown high in the air by mortars or by guns at a considerable distance. Duty in the trenches during the siege operations was very fatiguing and dangerous. A " tour of duty " was for twenty-four hours, going in under cover of the dark- ness one night and remaining until the next night. Our brigade, although encamped on Folly Island, furnished its quotas for duty in the trenches — both as guards and as workers — as regularly as the other brigades. On August 3d the detail was for 450 men, and again on 136 Pennsylvania Volunteers August 5th for the same number. It was a 24-hour turn about every other day during the siege. On the evening of August 22d the whole brigade was ordered to Morris Island with two days' cooked rations, for a tour of two days' duty in the trenches. That day — or, rather, night — a fourth parallel was opened at a distance of 300 yards from Wagner. A short distance in front of this, a sand ridge sheltered the sharp-shooters, who were a con- stant annoyance to our men working in the trenches. On the night of August 26th, the Twenty-fourth Massa- chusetts, under Colonel Osborn, made a rush for this ridge with the bayonet, and captured it, together with about seventy of their men, who failed to get away. The prisoners were furnished shovels and made to dig for their lives, — in other words, to throw up sand for their own protection as well as that of their captors. Along this ridge the same night the fifth parallel was opened, within 200 yards of the fort. Our brigade was held over for another day, making our two-day tour of duty last three full days and more. On the 29th of August our brigade was ordered to Morris Island, taking the place of General Ames's bri- gade, which replaced ours on Folly. We did not get across the inlet until the next morning, when we marched up to the " look-out " and went into camp on the beach. While the pushing forward of our zigzags and parallels was going on, the great batteries of guns that Gillmore had placed in position in different parts of the works had been battering down the walls of Fort Sumter. Every- thing being ready on August i6th, these great batteries were directed to concentrate their fire early the next, morning on Sumter. At four o'clock a.m. the baJI 137 The Fifty- Second Regiment opened, and the rebel garrison at Wagner found them- selves entirely ignored by the shot and shells from our guns, which went screaming over their heads to crash against the walls of Sumter, a mile and a half beyond them. The iron-clads also took a hand in the bombard- ment, two of the monitors giving their attention to Sum- ter while the others poured shells into Wagner to prevent her gunners from annoying our breaching batteries. The bombardment opened at daylight and continued until sunset every day for a week, when, on the 23d, Sumter was declared a hopeless wreck. It certainly looked it. All the barbette guns were dismounted and buried in the debris. The gorge wall and sea face were so shattered and tumbled down that many of the arches of the case- mates were plainly exposed to view. The once frowning fortress now presented the outward appearance of a shapeless mass of brick and mortar. Our three days' tour of duty beginning on the 22d permitted us to be eye-witnesses of the closing scene of this historic feat of military engineering skill. And yet the siege of Wagner went bravely on. When the bombardment of Sumter opened, the garrison of Wagner made a sortie, driving our pickets back from the advanced position then held. They were soon driven back themselves, and the sappers again went to work as usual. From the fifth parallel a flying sap was started towards the fort. It advanced 75 yards the first night, notwith- standing a hot fire from the fort by muskets, grape, and canister, and shells from Coehorn mortars. The sap- pers picked out of the sand, on this approach, ten tor- pedoes, which had been planted there by the enemy. Some 138 Pennsylvania Volunteers of them were accidentally exploded, but, fortunately, no serious casualty resulted. This last approach was simply run zigzag like this: AAA/V\, the sand-bags and gabions protecting the sappers. On September 5th the sap was so close to Wagner that the sand shovelled out rolled into the moat or ditch surrounding the fort. 139 CHAPTER XX. THE ASSAULT ON FORT WAGNER. General Gillmore then decided to assault the fort next morning, September 7th. The plan for the assault was as follows : Two regiments — the Ninety-seventh Pennsylvania and the Third New Hampshire — were to take position in the zigzags nearest the front of the fort; two brigades — Stephenson's and Davis's — were to be next in order in the trenches and parallels. At the signal all were to get out of the trenches and go to their work on the double-quick; the two leading regiments over the front of the fort; Stephenson's brigade to pass the fort on the beach, file left, and mount the rear walls of the fort; Davis's brigade also to pass the fort and intervene between it and Fort Gregg, to prevent re-enforcements from that end of the island, and to throw up intrench- ments there. The troops were marshalling for this third assault, when a deserter, or left-behind reb, came in and reported that ]\Iorris Island had been evacuated by the enemy before midnight. A sergeant of the Thirty-ninth Illinois volunteered to go to the fort and ascertain if this reported evacuation was true. He did so, and on his return announced the fort deserted. A small detachment was sent into the works to take possession, and the troops marthcr] u]) the beach to Cum- mings Point in hopes of capturing some of the retreating foe, but they had made good their escape. Another de- tachment v/as placed in Battery Gregg, and before day- light our troops returned clown the beach with lighter hearts than when they marched up, and with good appe- 140 ^i r^ nir lEsaizi^si tht - i -na^— Trnga: ir TtHt -^OE T^^T -H"°T p-'— -w°Trn-ix JT -y — rrf^rr jx" IgfT "SnSinss: Ji ~^ -^-^ -j: jsi ' mii. ~Tir ^ ^' mm li ~. i i iiiii !ii^ 3^rrn~ -"TP^ M""iij;;-iii- i -fvji xM--rr ttttt i f, . — Tnf^ ZEZL T^erS: Tg- , ] I -" f -^i■^l^t Tf° - wmM ^»^^^T--^ -tt- < "ht tt '^:? aairwi tt- -tif^ r?2HS. 'run "* Hmnrs.' ^ itrrr jz^ht' ni: --r */ 'Tn TTTP- ^ >TTl *V ^m £f „ - ,. TJ I'g ■•■11' T TM TtF -TTF^ - y" t-Mt4 TT ~hl^ X^ ■ *i.i»*r xf JT f^ -"«*"! 1 1' 3IL mcs" AiLur '"^^T H ; I . < if ±!E Ss^^sxHi ~:Mi>tr-. .; .; tot -Bar TT^a- ? -m t^ka - "^g "aTn: SI -^Kti lillU'b: •±fJj1C^il II iT"^ — r ^~ — -^ ^— _ -— — -t;^ ^\ il l iui. ilt^ ' ~-iig. ' =i?'^r -JMzne —SITS-. * ~: " ■jj33t X ixsi 'i^ -isssa jjui' tm lumTr r sL tsssl inr mrr. JtUSL 'nrr>- ntie- :a:ai5 :nBue —'■- 2I :iit j^'jugfiis The Fifty-Second Regiment Fifty-second Pennsylvania did its full share of all these duties. The amount of work done (actual manual labor) may be better understood when we say that the trenches, parallels, splinter-proofs, batteries, and earthworks con- structed during the siege measured nearly eight miles in length. This work was done by Northern men and boys in midsummer in South Carolina, on an island devoid of shade and water, with the thermometer at ioo° or over the greater part of the time. 142 CHAPTER XXI. UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPT ON FORT SUMTER. The second night after we were in possession of the island, Admiral Dahlgren made an attempt to capture Fort Sumter with a naval force in boats from the fleet. His boats were gotten together during the afternoon in plain view of the enemy, who were thus informed that there was " something doing," and met his boats, when they approached the fort at lo o'clock that night, with a galling fire of musketry. The Sullivan's Island bat- teries, also advised, poured shot and shell amongst them. Some of them landed and tried to scale the tumbled-down walls, but were all either killed, or wounded and cap- tured. Of the 400 officers and men sent on this hazard- ous attempt only 250 returned. On the 7th, while the admiral was planning this daring attack on Sumter, one of his monitors, the "Weehawken," which went up " snooping " around near Fort Sumter, smelling of the obstructions in the channel leading to the inner harbor, and otherwise taking liberties with the environment, got herself into trouble by running aground opposite Fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's Island, and within easy range of the guns of that fortification and of Bat- tery Bee on the same island. She was unable to get ofif during the night, and, when the enemy discovered her there at daylight, their batteries opened a tremendous fire upon her. The " Ironsides " and the other monitors at once pulled up anchor and went to her defence. The whole iron-clad fleet took position in front of Sullivan's Island and poured an incessant fire into Moultrie and the 143 The Fifty- Second Regiment other forts thereon. The " Ironsides " would fire a broadside, then swing around and give another from the other side, while the monitors played their big guns for all they were worth. It was a magnificent sight, and nearly all the troops on Morris Island congregated on the sand hills to witness the combat. During the hottest part of the engagement one of the enemy's magazines was blown up, sending earth, timbers, and a cloud of black smoke high in the air. A number of frame buildings, one of which had formerly been a summer hotel, were burned by shots from our fleet, and added a conflagration to the lively panorama of actual warfare spread out before us watchers on the hills. The " Weehawken," although aground, was not idle, as her turret could turn if she could not, and she kept up the fight with the others, until in the afternoon, having been much lightened by the ammunition expended and metal thrown from her gun, she floated free. The guns of Moultrie had nearly all been silenced when the fleet withdrew and returned to its anchorage. This action demonstrated the fact that at that time this was the strongest, most invulnerable fleet of war vessels in the world. After the occupation of the upper end of Morris Island new works were erected on Cummings Point, mounting Parrott guns and mortars. Battery Gregg was faced the other way, and a 300-pounder Parrott was mounted within, pointing towards Sumter. The distance from Cummings Point to Charleston was only a little over three miles, — nearly two miles nearer than the " Swamp Angel " battery, — and the distance to Fort Moultrie, and also to Fort Johnson, was only one mile and a half. Sumter was about one mile away. A battery 144 Pennsylvania Volunteers was erected between Wagner and Gregg, named Chat- field, in honor of Colonel Chatfield, of the Sixth Connec- ticut, killed in the second assault of Wagner. The name of one of the " Left Batteries " was changed to Battery Strong, in honor of General George C, Strong, also killed at Wagner, and a new battery erected on the east end of the island was named Fort Shaw, in honor of Colonel Robert G. Shaw, of the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts, killed at the same place. 145 CHAPTER XXII. SECOND BOMBARDMENT OF SUMTER. On October 26th, our new batteries being ready for business, they were given a trial by a bombardment of Fort Sumter, which was still floating the stars and bars defiantly before our eyes and maintaining a garrison of rebellious people within, much against our wishes. From Battery Chatfield in one day the 300-pounder Parrott threw projectiles aggregating 15,000 pounds in weight into Fort Sumter. The other guns and batteries added their quota, and kept it going for a week. By that time it was considered advisable to investigate conditions at Sumter, with a view to moving in and occupying it as a winter residence. Colonel Davis says : " A few nights afterward General Terry, commanding the forces on the island, ordered a reconnoissance in force to be made to the fort. It was commanded by Major Conyngham, of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania regiment. The force consisted of two hundred and fifty men with rifles, and a Requa battery in charge of Lieutenant Bitting. The instructions were to make such demonstration against Sumter as to induce the garrison ' to use musketry fire on the boats,' and thus ascertain its strength. An assault was not to be made upon the fort unless it was evident that it could be easily taken. The boats lay in one of the creeks until the moon went down, when they pulled out into the harbor. Under cover of the darkness they were able to approach within a few hundred yards of the fort before they were discovered, when they were fired upon. The garrison appeared to have been on the watch. 146 Pennsylvania Volunteers This was followed by a shot from a steamer, probably a ram, that lay behind the angle of the fort toward Charleston, and soon the batteries on James and Sulli- van's Islands opened a cross-fire on the boats, the shot and shell ricochetting very lively across the water. The object of the reconnoissance being accomplished, in de- veloping the probable strength of the garrison, the boats withdrew, with the loss of only three men wounded. The affair was well managed by the officer in command." The bombardment was continued in a desultory sort of way until the 9th of November, when it was deemed proper to pay some of our attention to our neighbors in Charleston. On November 17th nineteen shells were thrown into the city from Cummings Point batteries, and the next day a loo-pounder Parrott on Battery Chatfield threw fourteen shells into Charleston. From this time on, during the winter and spring, this daily presentation of these souvenirs of our regard for " our friends " the enemy, in that lovely old Southern city, was almost con- tinuously — if not religiously — observed. The use of 100-pound shells was found to be rather extravagant, and that a 30-pounder Parrott would convey an expression of our regard just as well with a much smaller expenditure of powder; so a couple of these guns were adopted as the standard messenger senders. It was necessary to give them an elevation of from forty to forty-five degrees to reach the city. One of these 30-pounders was thus fired 4615 times, exploding, with its last shot, on March 19. 1864. 147 CHAPTER XXIII. RE-ENLISTMENT VARIOUS EXPEDITIONS. About the first of January, 1864, a considerable num- ber of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania re-enlisted for an- other term of " three years or during the war." This was done in accordance with an Act of Congress (a joint resolution approved December 23, 1863) which permitted all volunteer soldiers who had served two years or more to receive the benefits of the act by re-enlisting. The benefits were the cancellation of the balance of their first three years' enlistment, a bounty of $400, and a thirty days' furlough home with transportation. Those who complied with the provisions of this act were termed " veteran volunteers " and were so carried on the muster- rolls and the pay-rolls of the War Department. Offi- cially there are no " veterans " recognized among the volunteers of 1861 to 1865 except those who thus re- enlisted. The exact number that re-enlisted in the Fifty- second Pennsylvania is not stated here, for the reason that in some cases the company clerk or sergeant who made out the muster-out rolls failed to note the fact that the soldier was a " vet." There were about one hundred and twenty-five in all who thus extended their terms of service. This detachment of " veterans," in charge of Colonel Henry M. Hoyt and Adjutant Henry A. Mott, were taken by transport to Hilton Head, from there to New York by the steamship " Arago." and thence by D. L. & W. R. R. to Scranton, Pa. At this point they dispersed in various directions to enjoy a visit or " vaca- tion " at home. When the time was up — the latter part of Februar)^ — they again concentrated at Scranton and 148 HENRY A. MOTT First Lieutenant Company K, afterwards Adjutant Fifty-second ReKiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Pennsylvania Volunteers returned the same route they came, rejoining the regi- ment on Morris Island, S. C. During the winter of 1863-64 expeditions were sent out in various directions, — one to Johns Island, one to Kiowa Island, and one to Bull's Bay. The troops on Morris Island were by no means idle. Colonel Davis says : " No portion of the army during that winter per- formed more labor than the troops stationed on Morris Island. The force was inadequate to the duty to be done, and it was of that kind from which no glory could be gained. After the re-enlisted veterans had gone home and the other regiments left that had been ordered away, the garrison was reduced to less than fifteen hundred men for duty, one-half of which were conscripts and substi- tutes lately arrived. Five hundred men were sent to the front every night, which with the usual camp guard and other necessary details placed about one-half the entire garrison on duty at a time. Often the same men went to the front two nights in succession. Then the fatigue duty was still very heavy, and the men seemed to be con- stantly changing from the rifle to the shovel all winter. Several hundred were still daily employed on the fortifi- cations." In March, 1864, the garrison was still further reduced by the withdrawal of the Ninth Maine and the One Hundredth New York, leaving the Fifty-second Pennsylvania and One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania with some artillery as the entire garrison. On March loth the re-enlisted veterans of the One Hundred and Fourth, one hundred and ten in number, left on their thirty-day furlough home. The Fifty-fourth Massachu- setts soon after arrived on the island, which increased the force temporarily. 149 The Fifty- Second Regiment On April 20th Colonel Davis was ordered to Hilton Head, and two days afterwards the Fifty-second and One Hundred and Fourth followed him there, where he had been placed in command of the Middle District, embracing the islands of Hilton Head, St. Helena, and Tybee, with Fort Pulaski. General Terry, with the Tenth Corps (so called), and the bulk of Gillmore's troops were sent north to be added to General Ben. But- ler's Army of the James, in Virginia. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania remained on duty at Hilton Head until the 13th of June, when it was ordered back to Folly Island. At this time it parted company with the One Hundred and Fourth Pennsylvania for good. These two regiments had been in the same brigade or command since November, 1861, a period of two and a half years, and the parting severed a great many warm personal friend- ships. On the 26th of April the Fifty-second found itself again on Morris Island, a familiar " tramping " ground, and the old tours of duty were resumed. ISO CHAPTER XXIV. ANOTHER ATTEMPT ON CHARLESTON. In June, 1864, General J. G. Foster, now in command of the Department, received orders from Washington to make an attack on Charleston as soon as his forces could be gotten ready. The attack was planned to be made from four different directions, — one, being from Morris Island by boats, to attack Fort Johnson; the second, be- ing a column under General Schimmelfennig, by way of the Stono, attacking the works near Secessionville, James Island ; the third, being a column of two brigades under General Hatch, to land on Seabrook Island, march across that and Johns Island, and approach Charleston from the south; the other, being a column composed of colored troops under General William Birney, to destroy the rail- road bridges between Charleston and Savannah. Neither of the four columns accomplished what they started out to do. General William Birney failed to reach the rail- road and destroy any of the bridges, and was relieved of command in consequence. General Hatch did not get any farther towards Charleston than Johns Island, and at no time had he more than partial possession of that island, although he had a force of three thousand infan- try, two four-gun batteries, and a squadron of cavalry. General Schimmelfennig, with his column on James Island, did not get much, if any, farther than General Terry did in his feigned attack the year before. The attack upon Fort Johnson by boat was made on the morning of July 3, 1864, by a portion of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania regiment under Colonel H. M. Hoyt, who 151 The Fifty- Second Regiment led the attack in place of Colonel Gurney, of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York, then in com- mand of the forces on Morris Island, The latter officer preferred to look on from a safe position at Paine's dock on the j\Iorris Island shore. Colonel Hoyt, Lieu- tenant-Colonel John B. Conyngham, and four other offi- cers of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with one hundred and thirty- five men of the same regiment, being five boat- loads, and all that landed and took part in the gallant fight there made, were forced to give up the struggle for want of support, and became prisoners in the hands of the enemy. The force from Morris Island was composed of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York, and a detachment of the Third Rhode Island Artillery. It was arranged for this force to embark in small boats in the creek running through the marshes between Morris and James Islands. They were then to rendezvous at Paine's dock near the outlet of the creek into the inner harbor, and as soon as the tide permitted, during the night (July 2, 1864) to pull out and cross the harbor, landing on the beach be- tween Fort Johnson and Battery Simpkins, James Island. The Fifty-second in the advance was to pull directly for the beach six hundred yards in front of Fort Johnson, land, and assault the fort. The One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York was to land at Battery Simp- kins, a half-mile nearer, and carry it. The Third Rhode Island Artillery was to take possession of, and turn upon the city, any guns found in the works. This bold under- taking could only be successful by being a surprise to the enemy. The harbor was at that time picketed by two 152 Pennsylvania Volunteers rebel rams and a line of picket boats, extending from Sumter to James Island on one side and Sullivan's Island on the other. The most formidable obstacle for the forces to overcome was a bar, extending from the beach in front of Simpkins to within a few hundred feet of Sumter. This bar was completely out of the water at low tide, and was only covered when the tide was three- quarters full. The time selected seemed unfortunate; for on the night for the movement, July 3d, it was dead low tide at one o'clock a.m., and there would not be suffi- cient water to pass the bar before 4 a.m., daylight, at that season. The regiment made very full preparations for this perilous enterprise. If the fort should be taken, it could only be held by strong re-enforcements. Its garrison was believed to consist of four hundred men. Could a landing once be effected, the rest seemed a work merely of dash and boldness. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania went out with the intention of taking the works and re- maining there; to that end it was furnished with several days' rations, entrenching tools, and other needed supplies. All day of the 2d of July preparations for the coming night work went solemnly but steadily on. The bar was carefully examined, if possibly it had a channel through it. Boats were put in order and boat crews organized. Sig- nals were agreed upon and minute instructions issued. All this was indeed indispensable, for no word of com- mand above a whisper could be uttered without betraying the movement. The expedition once fairly afloat must thenceforth proceed according to the prearranged scheme or fail. The night came at last, and the regiment fell in in front of its camp by boat crews. They silently wound 153 The Fifty- Second Regiment around the sand hills, down to the marsh where the fleet of boats was moored. One by one they were filled and shoved out to Paine's dock, the place of rendezvous. Before they reached the dock many of them grounded, for the tide was now at its lowest, and most crews only made progress by debarking in the muddy shoals of the inlet. At 2 o'clock A.M., the fleet was together and the tide turned. As it covered the shoals, the Fifty-second in advance, they moved out in single file and headed into the darkness for Fort Johnson. Either through ignor- ance or misconduct, the pilot, selected by Colonel Gur- ney from the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York, failed to find any passage over or around the bar. Daylight began to streak the east when the leading boat passed the bar, close under the slopes of Battery Simp- kins. Towering in the distance at looo yards frowned Fort Johnson. Steadily the boats pulled on. The look- out at Simpkins had, however, discovered the procession of boats filled with bluecoats. Discharging his musket he, with the rest of the pickets on duty, fled up the beach. It was an even race now between the boats and the rebel sentinels. Soon the guns in Fort Johnson opened, send- ing their shells hissing over the heads of the men now pulling for dear life. Discovery was no longer to be avoided. With a hearty cheer the six officers and one hundred and thirty-five men of the Fifty-second landed from the five leading boats at the designated points. Promptly forming, they charged a two-gun battery, mounting Brooke's rifled guns, and carried it handsomely. Fort Johnson was still four hundred yards in advance. The fire from the batteries and muskets of the fort had now grown hot, but there was no halt. The parapet was IS4 Pennsylvania Volunteers reached and scaled, shots were exchanged, breast to breast over the crest, and the men of the Fifty-second jumped down into the works. The garrison were now fully aroused and at their posts. The long distance traversed had destroyed somewhat the impetus of the assault, and the assailants had become separated in the steep ascent to the fort. The assaulting party, now outnumbered, found itself without support, and a glance back revealed the appalling fact that through some mischance, a large number of our boats and not one of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York had landed. The strug- gle was hopeless and retreat impossible. The entire party was, therefore, made prisoners of war, although the fort was fairly in their grasp. It had proved a complete surprise, and its very boldness bewildered the enemy. The casualties in the Fifty-second Pennsylvania were seven killed and sixteen wounded. Of the former was Lieutenant S. A. Bunyon, of Company E, acting adju- tant, and Sergeant George Scott, of Company D. " The boats," says General Foster, in orders, " com- manded by Colonel Hoyt, Lieutenant-Colonel Conyng- ham. Captain Camp, and Lieutenants Stevens and Evans, all of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania, rowed rapidly to the shore, and these officers, with Adjutant Bunyon (afterwards killed) and one hundred and thirty-five men, landed and drove the enemy; but, deserted by their sup- ports, were obliged to surrender to superior numbers. Colonel Hoyt bestows unqualified praise on the officers and men who landed with them; of these, seven were killed and sixteen wounded. They deserve great credit for their energy in urging their boats forward and brmg- ing them through the narrow channel; and the feeling iSS The Fifty- Second Regiment which led them to land at the head of their men was the prompting of a gallant spirit, which deserves to find more imitators." Of the men captured more than fifty perished amid the horrors of Andersonville, Florence, and Columbia. The officers were confined at Macon awhile and afterwards in Charleston, and while there placed under the fire of our batteries on Morris Island. iS6 CHAPTER XXV. THE ASSAULT ON FORT JOHNSON. The following is Colonel Henry M. Hoyt's report in regard to the assault on Fort Johnson and Battery Simpkins : (Copy) No. 12. " Report of Col. Henry M. Hoyt, 52nd Pa. Infy., of assault on Fort Johnson and Batt'y Simpkins." Charleston Jail, August 2, 1864. On 3rd July we carried Fort Simkins, the Brooke Gun Batt'y, and with 135 men (all who landed) pushed over the parapets of Fort Johnson, and the garrison had ac- tually begun to leave. The battery (Tynes) was in our possession. Nothing but the failure of the other boats to land prevented our capture of the works. All who landed (five boat-loads), 135, were captured. I trust the most thorough investigation will be made, let the responsibility fall where it may. Henry M. Hoyt, Colonel 52nd Pa. Vols. Indorsement : August 5, 1864. Received by the hands of one of our released officers. Copy to be sent to General Schimmel- fennig. J. G. Foster, Major-General, Commanding. Head-Quarters 52nd Pa. Vol., Morris Island, S. C, August 21, 1864. Captain, — I beg leave to submit the following report of the opera- tions of the 52nd Pa. Vols, on Fort Johnson in Charleston Harbor, on the morning of 3rd July last. In pursuance 157 The Fifty- Second Regiment of orders of Col. Gurney, 127 N. Y. Vols., commanding U. S. Forces, Morris Island, S. C, the 52nd Pa. Vols, to the number of 500 officers and men embarked in twenty- barges on the evening of 2nd July and moved to Paine' s Dock, the appointed rendezvous, arriving there somewhat before 12 midnight. We were immediately joined by the other forces composing the expedition, to wit — 60 officers and men of the 3rd Rhode Is!and Artillery under Capt. Churchill, and the 127th N. Y. Vols, under com- mand of Major Little of that Regt. At a few minutes past I A. M., the moment the tide (which had been at dead low water) turned, the fleet of boats moved for its desti- nation, under the instructions, in the order, and for the purpose following: All these instructions and orders had been fully, carefully, and repeatedly explained and com- municated to the officers and men in the affair to an ex- tent to render misconception impossible. We were to move across Charleston Harbor, land on the beach be- tween Fort Johnson and Battery Simkins. assault and carry the works on the east end of James Island, the attack on Fort Johnson being assigned to the 52nd Pa. Vols., that on Simkins to the 127th N. Y. Vols., the artil- lery detachment being divided between them both. The boats were to move across the Harbor with the 52nd Pa. Vols, in advance, followed by the 3rd Rhode Island Ar- tillery, and the 127th N. Y. Vols, in single file, well closed up, expecting to cross the Bar at a point midway between Forts Sumter and Simkins, head for Johnson's point, face by the left flank, and move vigorously to the beach and carry the works with the bayonet. A pilot (one Sergeant Bennett of Co. E, 127th N. Y. Vols.) who was selected by Col. Gurney to conduct us was placed in the leading boat commanded by ist Lieut. Farr, 52nd Pa. Vols. Col. Gurney announced his intention of making his own Head Quarters at Paine's Dock, and ordered an officer of his staff (name unknown to me) to report with a light dis- patch-boat to myself, then to be the Senior Officer in the movement across the Harbor and the expected assault. 158 Pennsylvania Volunteers This officer did not report to me. But one signal of re- treat, should such possibly be ordered, was agreed upon, and this was to be made upon a bugle, which was in my possession. With these plain and minute instructions, which were understood by everybody afloat, we moved from Paine's Dock the instant the tide turned. The head of the column properly followed, proceeded in the proper direction. I am aware of no delay which occurred except such as were necessarily caused by the pilot in his attempts to find and keep the channel he sought. Upon arriving at the Bar, extending from Simkins to Fort Sumter, the great obstacle we had to encounter, it was found still to be out of water — the tide at about a quarter full. The pilot in the leading boat announced his utter inability to find any channel through the bar, and declined to pro- ceed, and had clearly struck it at a point very far distant from the contemplated passage. I know not whether to attribute the actions of this pilot to ignorance or de- liberate misconduct. By this failure, though without personal knowledge of the locality, I was driven to my own responsibility and my own efforts to pass that Bar. During the delay which occurred here, the barges had all closed well up on each other, and the expedition was substantially together and well in hand. We were then lying close to the marsh in front of Simkins and not more than i,ooo yards from Fort Johnson, the general direc- tion of which was evident enough. Accident put us at once in possession of a practicable passage close to this marsh — deep, but only admitting one boat at a time, and speedily opening into a much wider expanse. Not more than ten minutes elapsed after the refusal of the pilot to proceed before the whole expedition was under orders, advancing with the utmost dispatch, and promptly filing through the channel. From this point there was no obstacle to encounter except the enemy. It was becoming daylight and the designated point of landing was in view. The first gun was fired as the leading boat rounded a small sand-spit running out from Simkins toward the 159 The Fifty- Second Regiment Brooke Gun Battery, and about lOO yards from it. I am persuaded, after the most thorough subsequent investiga- tion, aside from my personal knowledge at the time, that when this shot was fired all the boats of the 52nd Pa. Vols, with two exceptions, and the boats of the 3rd Rhode Island Heavy Artillery had passed the Bar and were in good water. The distance between that Bar and the leading boat did not exceed 600 yards. Hereupon can- nonading and musketry were opened upon us from Simkins along the beach and from Fort Johnson with considerable rapidity, but entirely over our heads. A landing was immediately and successfully effected by the leading boats at the Brooke Gun Battery, which was read- ily carried, and no halt whatever occurred at it. Five boats were now ashore, being those commanded by Lt. Col. Conyngham, Capt. T. B. Camp, ist Lt. J. G. Stephens, and Lt. T. E. Evans, with my own, which besides the crew carried Acting Adjutant Bunyan, a Bugler, and a Signal Sergeant, being a total of 6 officers and 135 men, all of the 52nd Pa. Vols. It was now apparent that not only were no other boats landing but that the entire expedition were retreating in the boats, not only without orders, but in disobedience to the most explicit orders to the contrary. Neither then nor since have I been able to arrive at any satisfactory knowledge of the causes and facts connected with their failure to land. So much of the expedition as disembarked pushed with all the vigor possible upon Fort Johnson and its con- nected line of higher earthen parapets. The parapet was entered near the main Fort with a brisk movement of about 30 of the advance who exchanged shots within the work but were compelled to retire. The whole of our force was then conducted along the entire line from the Rebel left to the right, with repeated efforts to enter it, until at the extreme right another assault was attempted. It was only partially successful and resulted in the capture of the most of the troops who joined in the attempt. At this time my forces were largely outnumbered ; the con- 160 Pennsylvania Volunteers troversy was prolonged some little time, but in a feeble and desultory manner, and the undertaking was of neces- sity abandoned. The entire party were taken prisoners. I am persuaded that at the time of our landing the num- ber of the enemy in the work did not exceed 150, nor dur- ing the pendency of our attempts to enter and hold the works did their numbers increase by reinforcements which were near at hand to more than 300. I beg leave to speak in terms of unqualified praise of the conduct of the officers whose names I have mentioned above and the men who landed, both in their resolute manner of bring- ing their boats ashore and the gallantry with which, under a most disheartening want of support, they charged a formidable line of forts and earthworks even under severe fire of musketry, grape, and canister, and the tenacity with which they continued an evidently hopeless struggle. The casualties on shore were — killed 7; wounded 16; total 23. I have deemed it my duty to give many minute particu- lars of facts which occurred and make this report a very detailed one. Very respectfully submitted, Henry M. Hoyt, Col. 52nd Pa. Vols. Capt. R. H. L. Jewett, A.A.A.G., U. S. Forces, Morris Island, S. C. The following extracts from other reports of this engagement, both Union and Confederate, are interesting additions to the record: Extract from Report of Major E. H. Little, One Hun- dred and Twenty-seventh New York Volunteers : " If the proper spirit had been shown, if the efforts of the colonel and lieutenant-colonel of the Fifty-second Penn- sylvania Volunteers had been properly supported, I think the movement would have been a success." II 161 The Fifty- Second Regiment Extract from Report of W. L. M. Burger, assistant adjutant-general, to Major-General J. G. Foster: " Colonel Hoyt himself deserves great credit for his energy in urging the boats forward and bringing them through the narrow channel, and the feeling which led him to land at the head of his men was the prompting of a gallant spirit which deserved to find more imitators." Extract of Report by Major-General Sam Jones, com- manding, to General Sam Cooper, C.S.A.. Assistant In- spector General, Richmond, Va. : " At day dawn on the 3d, about 1000 of the enemy in barges made an attack on Fort Johnson. They were handsomely and thor- oughly repulsed by the garrison at Fort Johnson under Lieutenant-Colonel Yates, First South Carolina Artillery, with the loss to the enemy of 140 men, including a colonel and 5 other commissioned officers captured and many wounded." The failure of this attempt, so daring in its conception and so disastrous in its results, cast a gloom over the regiment for a long time. The report of Colonel Hoyt and the extracts of other reports give the main facts con- nected with the affair. The attempt at this late day to fix the responsibility for its failure would be incon- clusive and fruitless. It is certain that none of the troops except the Fifty-second Pennsylvania took any part in the fighting. Also that Boat No. i, in which was the guide and pilot of the expedition, — one Sergeant Robert Bennett, of the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh New York, who was selected by Colonel Gurney himself, — failed to get to the beach on the enemy's side, and brought the bold navigator unharmed back to Paine's dock, where his commander was no doubt anxiously awaiting dis- 162 Pennsylvania Volunteers patches from the fleet of boats he had so vaHantly ordered across the harbor. A mix-up of boats by some of them getting aground crossing a sand- and mud-bar, which it is claimed might have been avoided had the guide been selected from the Fifty-second, is the generally accepted reason for the other boats not " getting there." The Fifty-second had a guide, had he been selected, who no doubt could and would have piloted the procession of boats over a navigable route to point of destination, and landed ivith them. (The other guide did neither.) That man, William Scott, at that time corporal of Com- pany K, Fifty-second Pennsylvania, is now living in Bing- hamton. New York. He was one of the trusted pilots of the " boat infantry " under Captain Hennessy when that doughty and courageous little officer was in com- mand of that branch of the service. In a letter to the writer he says : " When Colonel Hoyt formed his plans I was called to his quarters, and he questioned me in regard to channels, bars, distances, etc., and conditions on the landing side ; for he knew I was familiar with the harbor, and that some time previous, when General Terry was considering an attack on James Island by way of Simpkins, I had been sent over and spent twenty-four hours on the island with instructions to find out all I could about the place. I moved about and learned all I could under cover of darkness, but during the day lay in close proximity to Battery Simpkins hidden in the grass. I could not stand or sit up, for fear of being discovered. My armament was two revolvers and a canteen of whiskey — the latter to be used to mollify the feelings and soften the heart of any stray rebel picket who might accidentally stumble on my place of concealment. An 163 The Fifty- Second Regiment officer of General Terry's staff had a powerful field-glass mounted on a tripod at Paine's dock pointed to the spot where I was supposed to be hidden, and thus a watchful eye was kept upon me all day. At night Captain Hen- nessy came with his boat to take me back, and his low whistle — the signal agreed upon — was a welcome sound to my ears. My sole duty was to scout the harbor, going out at the same hour every night, thus gaining in- formation in regard to the channels, bars, etc., probably not possessed by any other man in the boat infantry. The bar, which caused so much trouble on the night of the attack, w^as bare at low tide, and Captain Hennessy and myself had several times walked over it and to the end of it, from which point we would fire at the enemy's sentinels showing so plainly on the sky line of the parapet of Sumter. Hennessy called this ' having a circus,' as it caused great excitement in the fort, causing the long roll or call to arms to be sounded." The " Boat Infantry," as it was called, was a detach- ment detailed to picket the harbor approaches to Morris Island at night in boats. The line of picket-boats was thrown out every night some distance from shore, extend- ing around Cummings Point between the island and Fort Sumter, and for a considerable distance toward James Island. The boats when thrown out were anchored at the places selected for their night's tour of duty, where they remained until nearly daylight next morning, then returning to the rendezvous at Paine's dock, the encamp- ment of the detachment being near the " Left Batteries." An officer of the force made the " grand rounds " several times during the night in a boat on the bow of which a small brass howitzer was pivoted. All these boats were 164 Pennsylvania Volunteers manned by soldiers experienced with the use of oars as well as muskets, the complement being six oarsmen and six guards each. This branch of the service was very important, and the duty of the men ver}^ trying, as they could not march back and forth for exercise like guards on shore, be the night ever so cold, wet, and dreary. i6s CHAPTER XXVI. THREE- YEAR MEN (NOT RE-ENLISTED ) MUSTERED OUT. On the 4th of November the term of service — three years — of a large number of the regiment expired, and they v^ere mustered out. (See roster for names.) A number of the officers were also at this time mustered out, to wit: Colonel H. M. Hoyt, Major Thos. B. Jayne, Captain W. S. Chatham, Company C, and First Lieuten- ant Tim. Mahoney, Company G. During the winter following a portion of the regiment was on duty on Black Island. About the first of De- cember an expedition under General Hatch destroyed three miles of railroad and the railroad bridge at Poco- taligo between Charleston and Savannah. A portion of the regiment took part in this expedition. Corporal M. D. Fuller, of Company H, made quite a record on this raid as commander of a " mosquito battery." He is one of our " survivors," and for many years has been a prominent minister of the M. E. Church in the Wyoming conference. He went out with his company in 1861, re-enlisted as a " veteran volunteer " in January, 1864, and was mustered out with the regiment as sergeant on July 12, 1865, after a continuous service of nearly four years, most creditably performed. On January 27, 1865, some more of the officers of the regiment, having served three years and over, were at their own request mustered out, — namely, Captain J. B. Fish, Company H, Captain N. Pierson, Company G, First Lieutenant Burton K. Gus- tin, Company F, Second Lieutenant Alson Secor, Com- pany F. 166 I LIEUTEXANT-COLOXEL JOHX A. HEWESSY Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Brevet Brigadier-General United States Volunteers. Pennsylvania Volunteers On the night of January 19th Captain Hennessy, with his characteristic activity, got up a " circus " in the har- bor with his howitzer boat, frightening the captain and crew of a rebel steamer so much that she ran aground near Sumter, where our batteries next morning destroyed her. For this and other services he received the com- mendation of the commanding general in the following order : "Head-quarters Northern District, Department of the South, First Separate Brigade, Morris Island, S. C, January 30, 1865. General Orders No. 2. , 1 r- * • The Brigadier-General Commandmg thanks <-aptain John A. Hennessy, 52d Regiment Pa. Vols., and the officers and the men of his command, for their energetic and efficient service in Charleston Harbor during the past ^The Brigadier-General especially commends the bold and spirited enterprise of the night of January 19th, bv which a rebel steamer was driven aground near l^ort Sumter, in a position which enabled our Batteries to destroy her. By order of Brig.-Gen'l A. Schimmelfennig. J. W. Dickinson, Capt. & Ac't Ass't Adj't Gen. On February 5th Captain Hennessy received his com- mission as major of the Fifty-second Regiment Pennsyl- vania Volunteers and took command, as Colonel John B. Conyngham had not yet returned to the regiment from his long confinement in Southern prisons. On February 167 The Fifty- Second Regiment 17th Sherman's army reached Columbia, the capital of South Carolina, and there was immediately noticeable activity among the enemy's fortifications around the har- bor and in the city of Charleston. At that time we were of course ignorant of the progress made by General Sher- man, but it was surmised that there was something un- usual and important transpiring. Things were being done that could have no other explanation than that the enemy were cleaning house in preparation for " moving out." The following description of what transpired and of the Fifty-second's entry into the "doomed" city will be read with interest by the survivors and their relatives and friends. We sincerely regret that the writer, who met with the " Survivors' Association " for so many years after its organization, has dropped from the ranks of his comrades by death, and it is a satisfaction to be able to include in this history the narrative of our occu- pation of the city of Charleston, as a remembrance of him who wrote it. 168 CHAPTER XXVII. ENTERING CHARLESTON. Comrade R. W. Bannatyne, — who served with dis- tinction in the Fifty-second Regiment as a sergeant, Heu- tenant, and captain of Company B, — in a letter to the National Tribune some time ago, gave a graphic descrip- tion of the entry of the regiment into Charleston. The letter is as follows : " On the 17th day of February, 1865, I was detailed as field officer of the day at Morris Island, S. C, and went to the front with the guard about 5 p.m. ; left my horse at Fort Strong, and went the rounds of the fortifications to see that the guards were properly posted. " On my return to Fort Strong in the evening, Signal Sergeant Colvin remarked that he believed the enemy were about to move. There had been heavy cannonading during the night before, ceasing about 3 a.m. ; and at that time fires could be seen at different places in Charles- ton, and explosions were heard, while vessels in the har- bor could be seen on fire. Col. A. G. Bennett, who was in command on Morris Island, came to Fort Strong early in the next morning, and I asked him to relieve me from duty so that I could return to my regiment, as I felt fully confident that the enemy was about to leave the fortifications about Charles- ton, that we had been looking at in a covetous way since July 10, 1863. " After a little delay my request was granted, and, returning to camp, I found a sergeant of one of the out- i6g The Fifty- Second Regiment posts on the marsh nearest to James Island was at head- quarters of the regiment, and reported the enemy falhng back from their outposts, and that he had been trying to call the regimental commander. I went into head- quarters and found Lieut.-Col. Hennessy sound asleep, roused him up, and told him that the enemy was leaving his fortifications. He then gave orders for the regiment to get ready and march to the boats at the dock. One of the boats was known as the ' Ripley,' named after Gen. Ripley, of the Confederate army, who was after- ward captured by us. This boat was used by Major Hen- nessy, with a picked crew of lo oarsmen. " The 52d Pa. at this time was doing duty as boat infantry, and had 41 or 42 boats of all kinds and descrip- tions, and the camp was on the west or harbor side of the island. There were no boats on our side of the island except our own. " Col. Bennett says that the regiments were under orders to be ready, but the first order we received was after we zvere marching to the boats. When the men took their places we were soon going toward the harbor, with Major Hennessy ahead. Coming out of the narrow- channel into the harbor at what was then known as Paine's dock, our course would bring us to the north point of the island, at Fort Gregg, where we were ordered to report; but part of the boats did not report there. " The last of the regiment was passing Paine's dock not later than 9:50 a.m., and Major Hennessv wa.? then going directly past Fort Gregg to Fort Sumter, 1440 yards distant, and his zvas the first boat to reach that fort and display the flag of the regiment on its parapet. " Corporal Johnson, Co. G, was the first man to land, 170 Pennsylvania Volunteers followed by Major Hennessy and Lieut. Burr. As the boats passed Fort Gregg, Col. Bennett was standing on the beach with 30 or 40 men. Col. Bennett asked Hen- nessy where he was going. The reply was, ' To Fort Sumter; will you go along? ' The answer came, ' No.' Major Hennessy and his men were in the fort from 10 to 20 minutes, and then Col. Bennett and Lieut. Haviland started with a boat towards the city. Major Hennessy starting from Fort Sumter. At Fort Gregg the boats of the regiment that landed took in men of the 3d R. L H. A., and Co. B's boat took in some men of the 3d, with orders from Capt. Jenks, of Col. Bennett's staff, to place them in Fort Sumter as a garrison. " Col. Bennett and Major Hennessy were then going up the harbor toward the city. Col. Bennett called to Hennessy to wait, and he then got into Hennessy's boat, which landed at Fort Ripley, Lieut. Haviland's boat pull- ing for Castle Pinckney. Lieut. Haviland and Corporal Johnson both ran for a large Confederate flag that was flying. Lieut. Haviland pulled down the flag, but Cor- poral Johnson with his knife cut the rope and got away with the flag to Hennessy's boat, and then both boats pulled for the city, Hennessy's boat reaching the dock first, and Johnson being the first man ashore in the city. " Lieut. Runyon, Co. G, commanded the third boat that landed. Corp'l Thomas W. Evans, Co. B, was with Runyon and was sent with some men after horses for use at head-quarters. " The boat infantry flag was flying on the post-oflice before 11 a.m. Co. B, landing a few moments after, found Lieut. Burr, with orders to march to the citadel. " Just as we landed several of the Confederate iron- 171 The Fifty- Second Regiment dads in the harbor were blown up, with loud reports. The streets were crowded with contrabands anxious to see the army. We stayed at the citadel but a short time, and were then ordered to the armory, which was reported on fire, but this proved to be a false alarm. We saw no men in the city except Col. Bennett and staff and Major Hennessy of the 52d Pa. and detachments of the 3d R. I. In the afternoon the 21st U. S. C. T. and other regiments began to arrive, coming by way of James Island, and fer- ried over to the city. " Lieut. Gilchrist was early in the city, and was sent to take possession of a blockade runner that was near the wharf with a valuable cargo. She had been set on fire, but the fire was put out. In the course of the after- noon the city was under control, and guards were sent to the railroad depots and rice mills. " Admiral Dahlgren arrived at 3 p.m. at the dock, and was met by Corp'l Evans with horses, and he was sur- prised that the Department Commander was not there. The British Consul came to the citadel shortly after we arrived, and wanted to see the commanding officer; but the boys did not seem to show him as much respect as he thought he was entitled to. The city was on fire at different places, and the firemen were afraid to come out and work until we protected them by patrols on the streets to keep order. I notice Lieut. Haviland in his statement says the firing on the city was done from the ' Swamp Angel ' battery and from rifled guns on Fort Putnam. The ' Swamp Angel ' had been dismounted early in the siege. Fort Putnam, known as Battery Chat- field, faced Sullivan's Island. Fort Gregg was the near- est point to the city, and did most of the firing on the city, 172 Pennsylvania Volunteers principally from a thirty-pounder Parrott, at about four miles range. " Paine's Dock, which was in front of the north point of Morris Island, may be remembered as the Confederate floating battery that was built at the commencement of the war and had been abandoned, and the high tides had carried it down on the marsh, where it made a station for our picket lines near the mouth of Light-house River. While we were going to the city, and some time after Major Hennessy had left the fort, another boat's crew landed and hoisted a flag on the parapet of Fort Sumter." T73 CHAPTER XXVIII. OCCUPYING THE FORTIFICATIONS. When the city was in our possession, the enemy's works on James Island and other fortifications around the harbor were taken possession of also by details from the various regiments. Company H and Company F of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania occupied the Citizen Battery and the " Bull of the Woods " on James Island. The Fifty-second Regiment, after a few days' occu- pation of the city, was marched out to the race-course, about three miles in the suburbs west of the town, where it bivouacked until the camp equipage was brought up from Morris Island. From this point a movement was made in the direction of Sherman's line of march, in which the Fifty-second Pennsylvania took an active part. The force, only two regiments, went out about thirty miles, where, at Monk's Corners, it had a brush with a small force of the enemy. After driving them across the Santee Canal, the chase was abandoned, and the troops returned to Charleston on February 27th. On March ist the regiment moved to Mt. Pleasant, a nice little residence place on the north side of Charleston Har- bor about two or three miles west of Sullivan's Island on which stands Fort Moultrie. There were a number of handsome places here that had been vacated by the owners, who had fled away when we entered Charleston and taken refuge at Cheraw, near the North Carolina line, on the Great Pee Dee River. They had left P. D. quick, and much of their household goods and furniture remained. Nearly the whole regiment found quarters 174 Pennsylvania Volunteers in various buildings. Companies H and C took up their abode in the spacious ball-room of the Mount Pleasant House. The Quartermaster and Commissary Depart- ment found quarters in a house occupied by a Frenchman, who had been engineer of a blockade-runner, now out of a job and apparently out of provisions. A very satis- factory arrangement was entered into, whereby the Com- missary furnished the provisions, the family did the cooking, furnished and waited on the table, and made the beds. The Quartermaster Department furnished a fine piano, bringing it from one of the deserted man- sions near-by, and the young ladies furnished the accom- paniments and vocal music to make life pleasant. It was a wonderful change from the many weary months we had spent on the desert sands of Morris Island; but, alas, all too brief were its pleasures! On March 17th the Fifty-second Pennsylvania was rudely ordered away from this pleasant Mount Pleasant, and, taking transports, was landed a few days thereafter at Newberne, N, C. Here the old Fifty-second was incorporated into the Twenty- third Army Corps, which had been brought east by rail from Tennessee to Annapolis, Md., and sent down to North Carolina to augment Sherman's forces for the final " round-up " of the Confederacy. 175 CHAPTER XXIX. WITH Sherman's army. The Tenth Corps, commanded by General A. H. Terry, under whom our regiment had served on James and Morris Islands in South Carolina, was on the move from Wilmington towards Goldsboro. Schofield with the Twenty-third Corps occupied the latter place on the even- ing of March 21st, and Terry's command came in on the 22d, crossing the Neuse River from the south on a pon- toon bridge, which they laid at Cox's Ferry. Sherman's army also made its appearance on this day, coming over the river on the same bridge. The left wing of his army, under General H. W. Slocum, had been attacked by all the Confederate forces General Joe Johnston could concentrate against him, at Bentonville, on the 19th, and a hotly contested engagement had taken place there. Johnston's forces amounted to about twenty-five thou- sand, with which he attempted to " do up " the left wing of Sherman's army before the right wing could be brought up. The Fourteenth Corps was struck heavily by Hardee and Hoke, and its leading division — Carlin's — was driven back the same as Casey's was at Fair Oaks. The Fourteenth Corps withstood the shock of repeated furious charges during the day, supported by the Twen- tieth Corps, which had been brought up on the left. The enemy, failing to destroy the left wing in detail, fell back behind his intrenchments on Mill Creek, which were held until Sherman's right wing came up on the 21st. That night Johnston retired towards Smithfield, destroying the bridges behind him. 176 Pennsylvania Volunteers Sherman's army, concentrated at and around Golds- boro, was increased here by about twenty-five thousand troops, being the Twenty-third Corps and Terry's com- mand called the Tenth Corps. These two corps were combined as the " Army of the Ohio " and given the position of " centre " of Sherman's army, the " right," or " Army of the Tennessee," under General O. O. How- ard, and the left, called the " Army of Georgia," under General Henry W. Slocum, making three grand divisions. General J. M. Schofield, who had been in command of the Twenty-third Corps, was put at the head of the " Army of the Ohio," and General J. D. Cox succeeded him as commander of the corps. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania was given a place in the First Brigade of the Second Division of this corps. The division was commanded by General T. H. Ruger, and the brigade by Colonel O. H. Moore. The latter was colonel of the Twenty-fifth Michigan, one of the regiments of the bri- gade. On the 9th of April Colonel John B. Conyngham arrived in camp and took command of the regiment. He had been absent since the night of July 3, 1864, when he was captured wnth Colonel Hoyt while gallantly lead- ing their men against Fort Johnson in Charleston Har- bor. He was looking fine, and the officers and men were greatly pleased to have him once more in the saddle at their head. 12 177 CHAPTER XXX. MARCHING THROUGH NORTH CAROLINA. The next day, April loth, orders were issued for the advance of the army, and the final march was begun. Everything in the shape of camp equipage not actually necessary for campaigning was left at Goldsboro, and the troops started off almost in " light marching order." The first day's march was through the " piny woods," where tar and pitch and turpentine were made. That night the camp was in a piece of pine woods where a plant was located for the manufacture of these so-called naval stores. In the morning, after the coffee and hard tack were disposed of, fire was started in the pitch that encrusted the ground for some distance around the old works, making a bonfire that sent a pillar of black smoke high in the air, which could be seen during the whole day's march by looking back when there was a halt. The march through Smithfield, where the Neuse River was crossed on a pontoon bridge, and on to Raleigh, the capital of the State, was rapid, hot, and dusty. The men, however, did not grumble; they were glad to be freed from their long tour of sen-ice on the seaboard, and once more " marching on " with a great army. It was indeed soul-inspiring and heart-strengthening, this new environ- ment, and the prospect of very soon ending the great re- bellion, putting new life and vim into the hearts and limbs of the Fifty-second boys. It was like getting out of enforced confinement to them, and it surely was to Colonel Conyngham, who so proudly led them onward. While on the march and before reaching Raleigh, a 178 Pennsylvania Volunteers man on a galloping horse passed along the line, swinging his hat and yelling to the troops, " Lee has surrendered to Grant — his whole army ! " and went dashing on, re- peating the glad news to every regiment on the road. A halt was made, cheers followed the announcement all along the line, and, when the truth was fully realized, pandemonium broke loose. No attempt to keep order or restrain the outburst of rejoicing was made. The officers were as wild as the men, joining with them in singing " Glory, glory, hallelujah! " and mounting stumps by the roadside to make speeches, then, swinging their hats, calling "three cheers for old Grant — God bless him!" and " three more for ' Uncle Billy ' Sherman ! " It was fully a half-hour before the troops, with their throats dry from yelling, shouting, and singing, again shouldered their muskets and continued the march. They had started out from Goldsboro with confident hopes of ulti- mate victory. Now they knew it was surely coming, and went gayly on with light feet, willing hearts, and ready hands to complete the work. On the morning of April 13th Sherman's advance en- tered Raleigh. He pushed on with the cavalry towards Durham Station, followed by the right wing following the railroad, while the left wing swung away towards Ashboro to prevent Johnston retreating south. The " Army of the Ohio " took an intermediate route, leaving a considerable force at Raleigh to protect communications and be reserve for the right and left wings. On April 15th Johnston was ready to throw up the sponge. Accordingly he made overtures to Sherman and arranged to meet him the next day five miles beyond Durham Station on the Hillsboro road to negotiate terms 179 The Fifty- Second Regiment of surrender. A cessation of hostilities took place, and three days were spent in conferences between the two commanders. On April 19th it was announced that the terms had been agreed upon. It transpired afterwards that these terms were made subject to the approval of the authorities at Washington, and that they did not meet with approval there because they included some stipu- lations of a political nature not considered within the province of a military commander. To settle the diffi- culty General Grant came quietly to Raleigh by way of Moorehead City and Goldsboro, held a conference with Sherman, and instructed him that the government would approve only the same terms given to Lee at Appomat- tox. On April 26th Shennan had another conference with Johnston, who accepted the terms given to the Army of Northern Virginia, — and the war was over. General Grant had remained quietly in Raleigh during the final negotiations, only a few at head-quarters having any knowledge of his presence, and on the 27th left on his return. General Schofield was charged with the details of the surrender, which was completed at Greens- boro, where the army under Johnston stacked their arms, packed their artillery, and dispersed in various direc- tions for their homes. While the Fifty-second was encamped at Greensboro the news of President Lincoln's assassination was an- nounced. General Sherman had been advised of the fact at Raleigh, but had suppressed it, fearing the indignation of his soldiers would result in the capital of North Carolina being treated as harshly as was Columbia, S. C. The feeling that the war was over, and that this great sacrifice v/as the crowning cost of victory, pervaded the 180 Pennsylvania Volunteers minds of the men, and no outbreak, beyond their smoth- ered imprecations, took place. Some of the most prom- inent citizens expressed their abhorrence of the dastardly deed, and said that in Lincoln's death the South had lost the one great man upon whom they had depended for their future welfare. After the completion of the details of the surrender and the dispersion of Johnston's army, four corps of Sherman's army— the Fourteenth, Fifteenth, Seven- teenth, and Twentieth — started on their way to Wash- ington, D. C, there to take part in the " Grand Review," and thence to their home States for muster-out. x8i CHAPTER XXXI. AT SALISBURY, N. C. The Fifty-second Pennsylvania, with the other regiments of the brigade, had marched from Raleigh by way of Chapel Hill and Graham, to Greensboro, and here went into camp, or rather bivouac, until the camp equipage left behind at Goldsboro was brought up. From here it was sent south to Salisbury, N. C, with the bri- gade, and camped there until July 12th, when a tele- graphic order was received from the War Department for its muster-out. Tents were struck quickly and every- thing bundled aboard a train provided, headed for the North. The regiment filed into the passenger cars, the bell rang, the boys cheered, and the old Fifty-second Pennsylvania was on its way home. The train passed through Greensboro, Burksville Junction, and Petersburg, to City Point, Va. Here we boarded a transport, which steamed away down the James River, passing Harrison's Landing a little below on the left bank, where the regi- ment was encamped in July, 1862, — just three years be- fore, — after passing through seven days' fighting in front of Richmond which closed McClellan's peninsular cam- paign. The old Harrison house and the Westover man- sion looked about the same as they did three years before, and some of the boys could point out the trees under which they slept — or at least claimed they could — the first night after they reached that haven of rest. Leav- ing this familiar scene behind, the course was down the river to Fort Monroe and up the Chesapeake to Annapo- lis. Thence by rail to Harrisburg, Pa., passing through 182 Pennsylvania Volunteers York on the way. When the regiment went to Wash- ington in November, 1861, there were boys on the station platform at York selHng hard-boiled eggs to the soldiers. When the train stopped at York on this last trip home- ward, the boys with baskets of hard-boiled eggs were on the platform offering them for sale about as they did in 1 86 1. Of course the " veterans," who remembered the incidents of the earlier box-car trip through York, had to buy some eggs and munch them with great gusto, as they related some of the amusing incidents of that first trip. Harrisburg was again reached, where quarters in Camp Curtin were once more occupied. The muster-out rolls were completed, the officers made up their final accounts for property turned in, and then the " old Fifty-second Pennsylvania " Regiment melted away into civil life. 1S3 Appendix GENERAL HENRY M. HOYT Colonel Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Brevet Brigadier-General United States Volunteers. Biographical Sketches HENRY MARTIN HOYT. The Philadelphia Inquirer, Friday morning, Decem- ber 2, 1892, published the following: EX-GOVERNOR HOYT DIES IN WILKESBARRE HIS CAREER AS A SOLDIER, POLITICIAN, AND LAWYER. WiLKESBARRE, December ist. — Ex-Governor Henry M. Hoyt died at his home here shortly after 2 o'clock this morning. The end was peaceful. He had been suffering for a long time past. Six months ago he was stricken with paralysis, and three months later he had another stroke. Since then he began to fail rapidly. The ex-Governor since the war was never a strong man, having contracted a disease in the army which made him more or less of an invalid. The funeral will take place on Saturday afternoon at 3 o'clock, when services will be held in the First Presbyterian Church of this city. Henry Martin Hoyt was born in Kingston, Luzerne County, Pa., June 8, 1830. He was educated at Wyom- ing Seminary, Kingston, Pa., and Lafayette College, Mass., graduating in 1849. He immediately began the study of law in Wilkesbarre with George W. Woodward, later one of the justices of the Supreme Court of Penn- sylvania. He married Mary E. Loveland, of Kingston, in 1855. He took part in the Fremont campaign and became an active member of the new Republican party. 187 The Fifty-Second Regiment At the breaking out of the Rebellion he was active in organizing the Fifty-second Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers. He was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, and, his regiment being in the brigade of General Naglee, participated in the Peninsular Campaign of 1862. His war record is an enviable one and his active work soon earned him promotion. During the siege of Charleston, S. C, under General Quincy A. Gillmore, he was cap- tured, July 3, 1864, in a night attack in boats on Fort Johnston, having succeeded in entering the fort but not in holding it. For some time he was confined at Macon, Ga., and was then taken to Charleston, whence he made his escape, but was recaptured. Finally he was ex- changed and rejoined his regiment, being mustered out with the rank of brevet brigadier-general. After the war he resumed the practice of law in Wilkesbarre, and became active in politics. In 1875 General Hartranft became a candidate for Governor for a second term. Hoyt was made chairman of the Re- publican State Committee, and conducted the campaign successfully. As a party leader he was bold and aggres- sive. In 1878 he became a candidate for Governor him- self. His claims were warmly espoused by Mr. Quay, and as warmly opposed by Senator Cameron. Cameron finally yielded and Hoyt was nominated. Quay con- ducted the campaign for Hoyt and landed him a winner after a desperate contest in which the Third party vote was the unknown quantity. As Governor, Hoyt showed a wonderful grasp of de- tails. He was an educated man, a statesman as well as a politician, and he struck out for himself in handling questions of state. Up to this time he had been a strict 188 Pennsylvania Volunteers party man, but gradually his inclinations led him into an independent channel. In 1879 he appointed Stanley Woodward additional law judge of Luzerne County. Woodward was a personal friend, but a Democrat, and the appointment aroused considerable feeling among Republican partisans, especially at Hoyt's home. After the inauguration of Governor Pattison, Gover- nor Hoyt came to Philadelphia and settled down to the practice of law. Disease grew upon him, and for the past four years he had been living quietly in Wilkesbarre. The sketch of General Hoyt as above given fails to mention that in 1867 he held the office of additional law judge of the courts of Luzerne County under appoint- ment of Governor Geary. In all the various important and trying positions of his military service and public life, he was a fearless man, — a champion of right and justice. He led his soldiers in action, and he was no less a leader in civil life both in thought and action. He was a man of broad mind and also of large heart. His sympathetic nature is well illustrated in his treatment of the Confederate officers who were placed as prisoners of war on Morris Island under guard in front of our fortifications, in retaliation for like treatment given him- self and other Union officers in Charleston, where they were placed under fire from our batteries. After being exchanged he was temporarily in command of these pris- oners and advised to reduce their rations to the same as given him while he was a prisoner. He visited the Con- federate prison camp with this idea, but returned after conversing with the prisoners, saying, " Boys, I haven't the heart to do it — they are men like ourselves." He was a lovable man, and if he had any failings the " old boys " 189 The Fifty-Second Regiment of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania will not recall them; " they knew him but to love him, they name him but to praise." COLONEL JOFxN BUTLER CONYNGHAM. MAJOR, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, AND COLONEL FIFTY- SECOND REGIMENT PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEERS; CAPTAIN THIRTY-EIGHTH U. S. INFANTRY AND BREVET-COLONEL U. S. ARMY. The subject of this sketch was born in Wilkesbarre, Pa., on the 29th day of September, 1827. He was the son of Judge Conyngham of Luzerne County, Pa., for many years president judge of that county. After com- pleting his preliminaiy studies he entered Yale College in 1842, graduating therefrom with high honors in 1846. While pursuing his college course he became one of the founders of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity of Yale. He took up the profession of law, being admitted to the bar of Luzerne County, August 6, 1849. He struck out for practice in a new field, going to St. Louis, Missouri, in 1852. He remained there four years and then re- turned to his home town. This was in the year 1856, when John C. Fremont was a candidate for President. It is not known that the agitation of the slavery question, at that time going on throughout the country, had in- fluence in deciding him to leave the great and growing city of St. Louis or not ; but it is surmised that, although a Democrat, his views of the inalienable rights of man were so strongly fixed, even at that day, that he found his environment uncongenial. In the year 1858 he was one of the founders of the 190 COLONEL JOHN B. CONYNGHAM Fifty-second ReRiment Pennsylvania Volunteers 1861-1865 Pennsylvania Volunteers Wyoming Historical and Geological Society in Wilkes- barre, and remained an active member during his life- time. When Sumter was fired upon, he did not hesitate to don the blue and go to the defence of his country. He entered the service and was made second lieutenant of Company C, Eighth Pennsylvania Volunteers. After his three months' term of service expired, he was ready for further duty, and was instrumental in completing the formation of the Fifty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, for a three years' term of service. At the final foundation of the regiment, October 7, 1861, he was appointed major. He was in appearance, as he proved to be in fact, a thoroughgoing soldier. Tall and straight as an Indian, he inspired a confidence among the men of his command that was never withdrawn during the four years of service. He always insisted on a sol- dier being soldierly in appearance and doing his duty. He was thoughtful of his men, but he had a stern sense of duty which was obeyed implicitly and unquestion- ingly. Those under him were expected to do the same. At the battle of Fair Oaks, Va., May 31, 1862, when the bullets were whizzing and shells bursting and men were dropping around him, his strong voice rang out, as he marched up and down the line, with " Steady, boys, steady ! " and " Give it to them, boys ; give it to them hot." Some of the old boys say he used much stronger language than that, but we leave that to the imagination of the reader. He was usually very concise and polished in his language, and if he ever used profanity it must have been under exasperating circumstances. There was no lack of provocation at Fair Oaks. 191 The Fifty- Second Regiment On January 9, 1864, he was promoted to Heutenant- colonel, in place of H. M. Hoyt, who became colonel after the resignation of Colonel John C. Dodge. As already recited in these pages, Lieutenant-Colonel Conyngham was in one of the leading boats in the attack on Fort Johnson in Charleston Harbor, and was among those who landed and led in the gallant but fruitless fight that ensued. It was in the early morning of July 3, 1864. With Colonel Hoyt, four other officers, and one hundred and thirty-five enlisted men, he became a pris- oner of war. He did not return to the regiment until it had become a part of Sherman's army, when he reap- peared April 9, 1865, at' Goldsboro, N. C, and assumed command as colonel. His return was at the opportune moment, for the next day orders for the march were issued and he led the old Fifty-second Pennsylvania on its last campaign. After the regiment was mustered out, July 12, 1865, he returned to his father's home in Wilkes- barre. He was a bachelor and remained one. His tastes were not for society, and it was noticed by those at head-quarters of the regiment while in the service, that whenever he was introduced to ladies, who sometimes, as at Fort Monroe, called with visitors, he would blush like a boy. His reading, as before stated, was of the best literature. The Atlantic Monthly was one of the maga- zines most frequently in his hands when off duty. His familiarity with the styles of the contributors was such that after reading an article or essay (at that time un- signed) he would pencil the name of the author on the margin. Under regulations of the War Department, officers who had been in the volunteer service might, by passing 192 Pennsylvania Volunteers the examination before a board of officers appointed for the purpose, receive appointment and be commissioned as officers in the regular army of the United States. Colonel Conyngham passed such an examination and received a commission as captain. He was serving with the Thirty-eighth U. S. Infantry in New Mexico when stricken with the malady which caused his death. His father. Judge Conyngham. going to visit him and if possible bring him home, met with an accident on the way in Texas in February, 1861, which resulted in his death. Colonel Conyngham died May 27, 1871. 13 193 GEORGE ROYER LENNARD. The following extract from the Wilkesharre Record of Ji-i'y 5' 1902, tells the story of his long, brave, and useful life. He died July 4, 1902: BRAVE SOLDIER DEAD. MAJOR GEORGE R. LENNARD PASSES TO THE GREAT BEYOND HAD AN HONORABLE RECORD IN THE WAR OF THE REBELLION WAS TWICE WOUNDED IN ONE BATTLE, AND CARRIED A CANTEEN AND A POCKET-BOOK THAT WERE PIERCED BY BULLETS PARTICIPATED IN A NUM- BER OF ENGAGEMENTS — A WELL-KNOWN AND UPRIGHT CITIZEN CONYNGHAM POST COMMANDER ISSUES A STATEMENT. Major George Royer Lennard, a soldier with an honor- able record and for more than twoscore years one of Wilkesbarre's best-known citizens, passed away at his residence, 234 South River Street, yesterday morning. Death was not unexpected, his condition having been such the past three weeks as to prepare those w^ho watched by the bedside for the worst. Major Lennard had been in poor health for over two years. About a year ago he submitted to an operation at a hospital in Scranton. It was only partially successful and he continued to grow weaker. While able to be about his home, he seldom ven- tured out of doors. His last appearance in public was on Memorial Day, when he appeared in the parade with his old comrades, following them to the cemetery in a carriage. 194 MAJOR G. R. LENNARD Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, 1861-1868 President of the Regimental Association, 1888-1902. MRS. (MAJOR) GEORGE R. LENNARD Elected "Mother" of the Fifty-second Pennsylvania Volunteer Association, at Reunion, September 24, 1909, Scranton, Pa. Pennsylvania Volunteers About three weeks ago his old complaint attacked him in acute form, and from then until death relieved him he suffered greatly. He was cheerful and uncomplaining, however, exhibiting all the fortitude and patience of the courageous soldier. One of his last requests was that he be buried by his comrades. The deceased came to this city in the fifties. His life was so upright, pure of purpose, and so devoid of ostentation that he won the hearts of all who came in contact with him in business or social relations. He was essentially a family man, his tastes being for his home and books. He was devoted to his wife and was her con- stant companion. But he never ceased to interest himself in the welfare of his comrades, and throughout his long illness he was pleased to converse with them, their visits being a source of pleasure to him. His military record was one of notable achievement. He was a painstaking officer, kind and considerate, but still a strict disciplinarian. Between him and those under his command there sprang up a warm attachment, which has not lessened during all these intervening years. He has been the head of the Survnvors' Association of his regiment since its organization, and when able never failed to attend the annual gatherings. Major Lennard was a native of Philadelphia, where he was born on March 27, 1827. This would leave him 75 years old last March. He removed to this city in 1856 and followed mercantile pursuits until 1861, when he re- cruited Company A, Fifty-second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. His companv was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, Naglee's brigade, Casey's division, Keyes's corps, and it participated in all the battles of the Penin- 195 The Fifty-Second Regiment sular campaign under General McClellan. He later served in the Carolinas under Generals Hunter, Foster, Gillmore, and Terry. During the fiercely contested battle of Fair Oaks, Va., on May 31, 1862, while nearly out- flanked and almost surrounded by a superior force of the enemy, he was shot in the left breast and at almost the same instant received a serious gunshot wound in the left thigh. He was carried from the battle-field and sent to St. Joseph's Hospital, Philadelphia. When partially recovered he was honorably discharged by order of the War Department and promoted to be lieutenant-colonel in a new regiment then organizing. The order discharging him was delayed seventeen days in submission, which resulted in his failure to secure the promotion. The order was then revoked, and he was restored to his old position as senior captain by a special order of the War Department. He served with his regi- ment on Morris Island, S. C, until February 11, 1864, when he was appointed by a general order of the War Department assistant commissary of musters, Department of the South. He was promoted to be major of his regi- ment on April 13, 1865, and was retained in the muster department after the muster-out of his regiment until January, 1866. The following day he accepted an appointment to the pay department, and remained in that service until 1867, when he resigned and returned home, his service covering a period of six years. Among the notable engagements in which he partici- pated were the siege of Yorktown. battles of Williams- burg. Bottoms Bridge, Chickahominy, Seven Pines, and Fair Oaks, siege of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, Fort Sumter. Charleston, and a number of smaller engage- 196 Pennsylvania Volunteers ments. Major Lennard will take to his grave the bullet which lodged in his thigh at the battle of Fair Oaks. Among his relics of the war is the bullet which struck him in the breast at the same battle. Among the other relics which he greatly prized were a pocket-book in which was his commission, the commission being perforated by a bullet, and his canteen, which was also pierced by a bullet. In 1868, a year after he had returned to civil life, he was united in marriage to S. Maria Sage, of Pleasant Valley, Conn. No children were born to Ihem. Major Lennard came of a family that achieved military fame. His uncle, George P. Royer, served in the Mexican War; his brother-in-law, John R. Waterhouse, served as captain in the One Hundred and Fourteenth Pennsylvania Volun- teers, and his grandfather, George Royer, in the War of 181 2. He was a member of Conyngham Post, G. A. R., of this city, since its organization, and was especially active on the committee which looked after the erection of Memorial Hall. He took a prominent part in the G. A. R. and several times served as delegate to national and State encampments. At his death he was President of the Fifty-second Regiment Survivors' Association, a position he held since the organization of the association. Major Lennard was a member of St. Stephen's Epis- copal Church, being a communicant of the church for more than forty years. He is survived by his wife and three sisters, — Mrs. Waterhouse of Germantown, Mrs. Sutliff of Philadelphia, and Mrs. Briest of Brooklyn, N. Y. The funeral will take place on Monday with services at the house. Rev. Dr. H. L. Jones will officiate. Inter- ment will be in Hollenback Cemetery. 197 In Memoriam. To Lieut. Ezra S. Griffin, Post No. 139, Department of Pennsylvania, Grand Army of the Republic. Your Committee, appointed in accordance with a Reso- lution passed at the meeting of the Post held Friday, November 26, 1909, to draft Memorial Resolutions on the death of our late Comrade Ezra H. Ripple, who departed this life on Friday, November 19, 1909, beg leave to present a set of Resolutions as formulated by them, attached hereto and made a part of this report, all of which is respectfully submitted for the consideration and action of the Post. o tt o Saml. H. Stevens, Wm. McClave, Smith B. Mott, F. L. Hitchcock, Edwd. L. Buck. resolutions. Whereas, one of our most esteemed members and best-beloved comrades, Ezra H. Ripple, has fallen from our ranks to take his place on the eternal camping grounds ; And whereas, his life and public services were so prominent, his place in the hearts of the people so deeply fixed, coupled with the fact that he was a Charter Mem- ber and a Past Commander of this Post, justifies the suspension of our customary rule and, as a special mark 198 COLONEL EZRA HOYT RIPPLE Private Company K, Fifty-second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers. Colonel of Thirteenth Regiment National Guard Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Volunteers of honor in his case, and the adoption of Memorial Resolutions ; therefore, Resolved, that we, the members of Ezra Griffin Post, Grand Army of the Republic, deplore and deeply mourn the loss of our late comrade Ezra H. Ripple, and desire to place on record an expression of our heartfelt sorrow at the sudden order of the Great Commander which has called him from among us, and, by severing the fraternal ties and intimate relations engendered by many years of faithful duty and helpful comradeship, thrown upon our Post a sombre shadow of grief and regret. Resolved, that, while we desire these Memorial Reso- lutions to express more especially the sentiments of our hearts as comrades , we wish also to record in some meas- ure a recognition of Colonel Ripple's public and military services, and of the place he won and held in the hearts of this great community in which he passed so many years of his useful life. Colonel Ripple always took a lively interest in public affairs, his well-known ability and activity securing for him recognition as a man who could do things and do them well, and he was called to positions of trust and responsibility. When Lackawanna County was set off from old Lu- zerne in 1878, he was the first County Treasurer. In 1896 he was elected Mayor of the City of Scranton. At the time of his death he was postmaster of Scran- ton, a position to which he was appointed by President McKinley in 1897, was reappointed by President Roose- velt in 1907, and was serving his twelfth year of con- tinuous service in that position when stricken down at his desk. 199 The Fifty-Second Regiment He was identified with many of the business enter- prises and industries of our city and county, and for the greater part of his Hfe occupied a position of trust and responsibility in the coal operations of the late Wm, Connell. His life was one of continuous action. He was " active in business " and " fervent in spirit," throwing into his undertakings the best efforts of his head, heart, and hands. His career of business activity was continued with persevering zeal until he finally fell prone in the harness. He was not only possessed of business activity, but also of benevolent activity. " Bear ye one another's bur- dens " seemed with him to be an abiding command, which he obeyed with implicit faith. His helpfulness was not restrained or restricted by considerations of race, creed, or color. He exemplified that charity which " suffereth long and is kind," for his charities flowed in a ceaseless stream and his kindness never failed. Many a widow and orphan will rise up to call him blessed. Especially is this the case with the soldiers' orphans whom he aided to an education and a start in life when he was a member of the Soldiers' Orphans' School Commission. MILITARY SERVICES. Colonel Ripple's first military service was during the War of the Rebellion when Lee invaded Pennsylvania in June, 1863, called the Gettysburg campaign. He at that time volunteered, serving in the Thirtieth Pennsyl- vania Infantry during the " emergency," as sergeant in Co. " H." 200 Pennsylvania Volunteers In March, 1864, he joined Co. "K" of the Fifty- second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers Infantry as a private soldier. The regiment was then stationed on Morris Island, S. C, engaged in the siege operations against Charleston. On July 3, 1864, he was taken pris- oner by the rebels, in an attempt, led by Colonel H. M. Hoyt with the Fifty-second Regiment, to capture Fort Johnson, one of the defences of Charleston Harbor. The attempt failed, and Colonel Hoyt, Lieutenant-Colonel Conyngham, with a considerable number of officers and men of the Fifty-second Regiment, were taken prisoners, among them Comrade Ripple. He suffered all the hard- ships and horrors of Southern prison-pens at Anderson- ville, Ga., and Florence, S. C, and on one occasion, while endeavoring to escape, was tracked and surrounded by bloodhounds that sadly lacerated and tore his flesh before the guards came up to take him back as a prisoner. He was paroled in March, 1865, and mustered out of ser- vice June 30, 1865. At the formation of the Scranton City Guard in 1877, he was chosen Captain of Co. " D," and after the Thirteenth Regiment National Guard Pennsylvania was formed he was promoted to Major, afterwards to Lieu- tenant-Colonel, and in 1888 became Colonel of the Regi- ment, a position which he held for about ten years there- after. In 1895 he was appointed by Governor Hastings Com- missary-General on his staff. He served also on the staff of Governor Pennypacker, and at the time of his death was serving as Assistant Adjutant-General with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel on the staff of Governor Stuart. J 201 The Fifty- Second Regiinent PATRIOTIC INSTRUCTOR. The record of Comrade Ripple's services with Griffin Post would not be complete without a reference to his successful work as Chairman of the Committee on Patri- otic Instruction in Schools. For a number of years past he has given to this work — the teaching of patriotism to the children and youth in all our schools, public, private, and parochial — a great amount of painstaking labor. It was with him a labor of love, but he undertook it gladly and carried it forward with such abilit}^, fidelity, and enthusiasm as to make its influence felt the length and breadth of the valley in every schoolroom and among all the people. The chair of " Patriotic Instructor " occupied by him in our Post Room during his incumbency of that office will be a constant reminder of his faithful work, and his last words spoken to us on the Friday evening before his death, asking his comrades to " keep alive the interest in patriotic instruction," and " when called upon to assist in the work do your full duty to the best of your ability," attest the deep interest he felt in having the work carried forward, for " from the fulness of the heart the mouth speaketh." " Take him all in all, we ne'er shall see his like again." " Death loves a shining mark," 'tis said, And so 'twas he that fell. In grief we say, bowed o'er our dead, " He doeth all things well." We tender to his bereaved wife and children our sin- cere and heartfelt sympathy. They have lost a loving husband and father, we a faithful comrade, brother, friend. 202 Roster Fifty-Second Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861 to 1865 The Fifty- Second Regiment w H tn O H CO i E Q O o w CO SB 00 rt -tJ^ •30 ^ " O '^ 6 d IDS ■ . c s^ om . g=o «JogSi:^oo ray 4j '^ p^ - o S «i g^o ai_0 3 2 nl 4)T3 :oQ 4^ +i ,t -P m 5^ £ OS rt_^ >S: 2 M-OXl 5W t5 0.00 >,g.o^ g rt •o^ ■e^ rtcc " O ni. ■S 3feg c 3 g " MO S2 1^ §1 g g I S^ g-g g^ g g g g 2 g || S£ S| S gu| g-s S w Om ,;Or^ o I- ""m c o >o *>• M>>>s *?'*?■ B C C R 8 o o . g«>g^^2;<'| «- o 2: mZ 5^U >>rtO0 S EsO M Ooo >u " ° 00 Co ►I cjoo S »i u ^ o H -^ • " 3 4j ■!-> J^ ^.t>'Cl 3 oSt; J V s s pOg ^^ip§ §'c5f>s^t^ >-g«ng "-« a*^ S^"^ . . 2 rt o ?^ ^ cs t; « s c a- rtso njW g J^ O ^' O so ^ s« s^ ^-S ^-^ § 3 £"2 S - 6 J E g E 2 S j;^ E-^S « S Sii S 0(0,0, 0,0,0,0,0.0 §0 O, O Q so so so O w IS o <: M o 00 o o o o 00 o o ^ s s M 60 M CO w w s S S E E E u u u a C •Sfl S S S O, Oi p^ H c: Bi 2 >■ Q Pi n M H Q < <; z h M »! H ■7 z 3: ffi o w « o S O p/ pq fe W CO o 0.P < < dn 205 The Fifty-Second Regiment OOCQcOcOOOOOOOcOoOoOqo oOoocooooooococoooco ^\0v0^0v0*0'O*CO>0o OO^^'O'O^^^^ GOtifltJObOCiObCtOCiOWCiObO tii^tobflCiobcootociJiCiobc p 3 D 3 <<<:<<:<<:<<^<<:^<<<CU(LJ(Ua) d) 0) V c c c c c c c .>•>. >.>>>. ^ XI J3 J3 J3 ^ ^ •O T3 "TZ) T3 t3 'O "^ a> V V ^ V V 4> M M M ao tX) M M Ih (-. Ul U Ih t-< tH rt Gj rt cJ c3 d c3 j3 ^ ^ ji: j3 x; j3 c> S o o> CJ (U (U 0> v 4) c c c r c c c a c C c c v w (U V lU 01 . >. >^ >. >, >. >> >> >. >. >. >^ >. ,Q ^ XI XI X JJ XI X X X X X X T1 T) T) t3 •n T) Tl T) •n Tl •n •rt Tl O) (U o Ml f.O hfl ti/i (M hn hd bn tui en M M n\ a til m nl nl rt Cj nl rt rt ts ji JZ j:3 r; x: x: JZ X X X o o u o u CJ o u o S! o U pqqqpqqppqpqqqppoqpoqp ^ 5 b m z ai s " w a " 0'0*0'00'0^^0'0*OvO\o'^'^^^'0^*00^ aG.o.ci.aaao,cxo.o.acxac:i.aci.D.aao.a a! G as a 13 G C tiS C a G C ci! G cij G a cfl o u • « Pt, < *-> Cfl o (i< o a :5 ^j P^ J o; K ri « ^ S s c«S m J b! 5 ci o « :? ^ ^ a:: 2o6 Pennsylvania Volunteers 2 ^^ « ►J f-J [V] §" CO Q >. w PC, ^^ *U vO 3 ?> CO s .1i ^ ^ SK 52 §S -5 n° V o e iH - cC/3 rt ajfe i> « C 1-4 I-. 00 00 ^ ^- a o. • -° -e s s > \ Z S^ c iu " rt^ fevO aB o-K >"o rt o c8 o S.!= §•>- fe « o2S uS'^iiO'iW I S°^ I CgouCOriO^O*. i-cabi, .S?ogg.MgoS:SBi2oEj;2o 3 £?°°i? ■* ' § s CO ^ 00 00 M 00 M >-c ■ C^ CO B 6 & ^ s s c V. G d u i' So" I ^-Q C^ CO cfl '^c/j 00 1— icu "P^ ■ C-^ (U n u c u c -iri -S C O ".o . 0) 2 > £ I > I > I >'2 >•- C ? - « o o 3i;o2 so K^o^o'~io'' ^ii>,^>,3^ ^ a> (!) (U S S S o § o g o,° o o o o c o o S o g ?3 a 2 gOn euSo. Ph Pi cu Oi a, a. SoS vO 5" vo^O VO o o p vOO \0 VO -O VO p vO VO VO VO so vO vO vO >o vo"vO o « ^ " cTcT voo" o" 6\ o t^ t^ oo" d tJ i-"vo" 3 3 3 3 0.0. SfWM 3 3 3 WWW cl3 oj c3 oj be tXI MM .is o o O CJ o o o u tH tH 1h o o o 1% 5 OS O w" a ^ <: K 9 w H" 1-, WM (1, ►-, O ^ S 6 m q" (2 w o '^ »-^ rrs W •5 t- J g w < w 2 " 2 a oj H jg - '" O N « O o^-l. "o o c.c U t« 2 4JaS 2 c "to c." -^o a! u'"' °° S5 ^ « ca iU'5 «i « u Q2Q WQISQPQSQQP M , 3^^.S t3 ^tZ ^ 3 "a vnoo -e ti "2 r'l ">>>.►- i,;'S.'aoo;Cj "25t?^_Cj2>.fc " "S-2. i^.-ti -ti CO - -S'liSh <« S S 5 •- *" m*^" § p 3 C d-Q^T-i C 1 -•a-o c (u u H'*' ^■S-S ^ >r^'^ S-o- ■u 3 3 io_n 4-> *J g i; ' oSSo-gooeOC TJ M -a M-c-c I I O TJr rn O i_ QJ flJ "^ "^ ■- 3 SE 3.23 3 3 ti ili ts •^•n-:: M ^ -co;: .of"'" O-OO i_ -> QJ V o ^ „ rt cS ^' " ' a D. "3 o o's's 1— >oo»— "-> rt r3 rt C. 4) - - rt c C o o o C 3 1.4 t-i ^ ^ fli ooo-r^ da 01 u) o) i«0 _ „ E E >,"c"c"c-e--; .rw25oocooo2.™ o ° °cjo rt y„«y °ii ?-c a i)^x c t b h 4> S -•r S 53 'S'^ owww BO E-«^ & ^ 3 3- ;^^ (3 c c 3^^ 3 S-S ° ° °^-° ,3 Q> V O I V fc2»i2SfeJ.fl^2^ ^"rt'rt 2 2 > !^ " m'rt S^ --* U tH •-* P O.^.W.Xi Wh .S* §QGS§2:PQQQQ vO ^ O OoO a M M t-r f*:, fO « . +j • . +J . +J . . . 4J -JJ -*-> . 4-a 4-> 4-> s." 4J ■*-» • iJ ■•-» s.' lJ iJ tJ • • • • .^ .S; .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .£; .^ .''.£; .^ .^ .^ .■* .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .£; .^ .^ .'^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .'' .'* fL, s 2; 2 -J -J 5 " o S -5 H D «: OOPQQQ u) J Z B 6) O ly *, ('J . J t3 W .s^fe « ; K 5 J Q -J en < 5 W Qi X < •-; r 1 O > 2 > Q W M D < a < o > > QPPPQWW Pennsylvania Volunteers o 13 ... o^ £00 «! "O h 3 =■ «? "*^ >. . C"^ '■!-; il .=* -o "3 "3 "3 ^ m 0) « « "o'o'o '^ >A.2-2.2 c S fa 2^" 70 w tu tfi Xi » (U ^co v^-v >« C fe ■ - - t V — I- O r- ^ S -iiH^?- ill 5-9=2 S 000000'— ivj 3 n:?;^.x&.x^, W,^ ^ - ? 3 3 3 c-3-^_Q^ ¥ d Q o ?!_r -m ■6 S"- oo:g „ ,, ^ ^ ^ ■S jj jJ^-T > > > ^- n n tiiiaoMjJ jj jj*; Mjj jj I; 4J -u dd-So S-S ft-C o ftoo o O O O <2 guS d d o "0"g""3" ^ SSoo SfawooMOOoz22;Sww• O U O O a O o <<"<<: 0! <: o oi 0! « 0! < oi 2 <: a M 14 J J >^ » ^ 0=1 - 209 m 5 ■< X z S -a 0: ^-;> ZtA .2 tt. S^H >H >< X fe PM 1 g-t^^e " S 5 rt rt -, Q "5' 3 2 3 3 EE5E = ooP° ■' n e *-" 'C -r- 00 ~ ^ '43 'J^ n0 4^uU^oort-rUO .xSSs o o . o o o o K. h«i-« I ^ I c« Q^^ -o E -c -c -c ai !/] o c c 3 3.22 o o o-t; 3 3 1; (H rOfO'^'^'^'^N'-' f/j - J-, W M o;u;w^"d,d;crf^M?^'"jjf^'SS" '"^'=° o~oo^a)UC;aJoa}3>OQ> :wO " o I 0- ?25^ zQ ai Sa . o " w (- « 0- - u o a <: o - -< K < >■ M 2 J V ffl , S K M g J ifc. c 3Q 5"0i ; 2 a n; I - < w w i o J a! J a a a ; o -< w t^ < o o ' o w ■ ff! J " £ a Z J >- ri o a S2S J n, V3 o 5 O a S « O O E ^■>-"'' w « oi J « w d D >• c^ a: S o K -I— it-' O H . - .J J 2 • J 0(JCliB!Sw<< SSOOOiCucuo. 3IO Pennsylvania Volunteers 1 c o 00 V, Hi; « . ^ ^ ^o." "C-" " v^ o § u ^ u.«.« : go " «' _, ^ S. 0. ^ d _ „ „ „ ._ -_ 4-> c p ■!-> p ^r- a> O lU "r. 5 3 5 5 3 g 5^^^ g « °oo °oyRGf5?°~° "cju 5 " " " " i'ri: S^ P c i= s B ,^ ,; t: " isS T £-£5 s-5 T > > > 3 £ :^ g ^-£5 s^i:'^"s^fei^>>b t^a £_s ^'s §|??|?§??^°||^^^^-°§^2,g^(^gS u-ri ^ 'i'^ }> u o V ii urs'O'O'a 'i S ^ u t^ u u u v::-s }> ^ ^i u u^ ^ oo oc oc i a £ 3.« 3 3 3.3 E 2 E e 3 3.2-.3.2.2.2.2 2 £ S 3 5 3 - rt rS .^ " " S m w « 0) oX S m rt « b 3.2 u iS H OQSSQSO§SSQQQOQ;SSQQQQOQHOPSSSQQCi55(5QPQCu ■rC(>ft~o"^l7" o. a cj.'^ ^J' d <>^ >/i o. d^"2 ,^< C7\ f<^ 0\ ^ > > >'4j' 1^ Ij M., >!^,^2'»'^^ flJ u at u O O 3 "^.S 3o£-ooo3S-og-3t«oo£o3ooOoo 02:0-,0SIS>>>>>>>>>> > 'CCC'u'Cu'C'C'C'C'u'C'C'C'C'C'C'C'u'C'u'C'CC'C'C'CCu'CC'CC'C'C'C'C'C'C 5<5« <5 <2 .9^5h5^_>« , Ui M 05 a H B W H O O «; O O t4 O jS"- « £ w^ ' o <:'-' ._ . a: H K H o W M trt ^ V5 ^ o S m 2 w i: < - D M w <: W f- e: a o z a K K o dp s § < < > rfi < S I o 5 £ B W a X o H J s 5 a: Q 3 0! ; f-' s t- i ■2 "! 0! -■■'•■ 2 " o : n «^- 2 J " S o a; >. S s S D < ii Q! :< 2 S S i 5 o "^ O -r i. a m < D K O g Q S J S g «< < J U o M a: ^ K 3 o •^ a W 5 , _* M < "^ The Fifty- Second Regiment cy c» Is Is •o2i -o-g T^ 3 ifl to 00 00 oou « a c S C fT3 -^ +J o J ■ Sl-S o S Vh K t, U i^ •"^ H) C (U •a U C 3 M 3 . C 0-- C S C c1 3 m o'p O E O ^ ^ u'—t " S t > « Oh-" u ^• +J ^• a! ■J R o o t^ c> S ^. ^J rn o T> C -^ c c m S S S rt ti r^ o D (U o X.CI X M >• -S o >* • ■ " "- o tj u o ow O « « ■ .3 r^ o o a; , >i >> >N >^ >^ >. B! o o M H r t- 2 C O so oo" o" \Q vO'O'O'O'O'OOO ) in o o o c>>o o o o o <> en wOOOcocooaw wcooiwwfeOajfeMcofe cccccccc a a gggggooooooc W M M M M ; . ^ '^ n .-,. . 2. c c a a z < > ■z •m PQ . < . S H o m s o oz 0. o s z 2 g Z ego . z "^ s " ^ 2 < „ B S o z > s w a 2 2 o 5 e! . >• .s- Z B - >• " I-.' O M ago-. '.^'^ u i5 0! =^2 O !- C M S •< a Z B S O ■< J c B OJ 3 S OfeoH i-< la q o ^ z a « J J - - J B J ? 2 w n^ Q < Pennsylvania Volunteers b "S .2 '.S .'5.S'3 . « u c u «j < a " ^ • IC O O O- r^-t rt-„ C C C ofe Ofep o o o S ij?"*j £ WWtLlOWQWO 3 E ^, r- ►, « U O ► ^ £ E S S fc>jH ► fc.2-5;.2.2.2'S 5^ >.x^ K X X e>. -">-"'0«00 "3 Sn ra n eg ro r* fc-" fli u fl) u. Ui "7". o JQOOPQOPQCQOWa t li < j Ix ss ^: £2 >% rt cs UO . V X J2 ^ii 3 3 V 0) Si 1 r,tc WW •D-O IT u^ rder. rder- Fit Certi _rt_rt C"": c»'T!'^"^ ^ o o — • M s tc Si 3; h M G> 3 0) *- c> OJ't;? 3 rt c! iiwOwOO cw-oT) QomomwHOPQ Ki 11 >>■>■>■ >,>,g >>«>," >■ •g O O O rt rt g^ u3 5 ° t— ,2 2 2 S S ^.2 OT >— 1>— 12 > > > o o o 222 5333 3^ 3 " 3 5 .° 3 3 3 3 a! 3 «* 3 3 3 ^ BS ^ W l-l t- 1 O O f'O o o lO ■'t^t^'^o^oo »->\c o . §> a a a^^ SS a G a a Sf S a-^' 13 a &4aiWOC0C/3(/lC/3W&HC/3WWOc/3C/2O SOcOCOKlC/2a3W«ua)UQjQ)c>a)a>«a)ajo«.>.>. >.>.>.>.> .>.>.>;.>.>.>,>.>;.>.>.>;.>.>.>.>.>.£;.>.>.>.^ .>.>.>.> 22° •J H J £"W : a z . X o ■ • M < m H ' z^dt • " O O M > Z>^ H • J t- J 3'-'tiJ . < 2 fc^ 3 ^ M «•-< '^ ^ O S 3 J <; M J m M 5 J (- CD 5 0! W O^W Q ■ w fc •< ° ^ r, * s S w s 5s ;S s :ffiS ■S^ o- -^ s J •>: ■< in iJ Q Q s s s 5 < < < J Q Q Q J ; ,„ - K '^ M w 2 a " J < < s o ( a D ■ J -J ^ u - J u S < 3 « S Qoaram a B m . a t^ 2 bl H b: < o H 3 of D nnnn b bd R. ■< O O « O O Z X^ S; 2 K 2 !- o S w ^ O J o o: o O K W Z « > O < O s « 0- - ^- « >-0&i or: (2 . . 61 < J « ta B O J ,4 J O O O OOOO 313 The Fifty-Second Regiment 2 eg •a « ?^fc Q ri p p u T3 j< o 2 00 g grs."s;s - Q> 0) 0) O 0) rto"o .".•■"."' 51 _ _ c c c * s S o o o O O 4) D Q^ *j nl a; 2 3 S .J2 rt o 4» ao>o 1 ta a) >< X C C cJiS QWWOOOQW > I "SS " i. V-' -P f' "> "H^uo § oo.« « _-^ C C P fefeSSa (U 0) « D (U U 3 s-*-! rtrtr;rJ..__(U PQQPP3mOOQ vO-O'O'OO'O^OOO vOO^sOvOO^OnDO'O 'vO'O'O r^r^ip^r^jH >^ ;> Q o o o it rt (L r3-;5r3 ca nO^OO^^'C'O^vOO -.»— -•— .H-,H-.wsoOwOOwwOcfiwwfcOa)aXa)OOSS2wc«a!co-M'«^-i-->4-)4J-M-4->4-34J-l->4->4-)-*J-4-3-M4->4-^4->-4->4->-^-M->^'«-^-«->4J4-^'4--*-«->4-)-f^4-> 'ccc'c c'cc'C'CC'n'n'C'C'C'u'C 'n*c 'CC'cc'CC'u'cccn 'u c cc u u 5 " ;:^ 2 ■= ^ w S 2 'J 2 J fc < a . liS 5 s o S5^5 - 5§' X'-'ci S o > > « « o ■< -<: w : QQQQOf < C=; 5; Z - a o z^ o ?WHS z - 2 2 i2 S 3 1 J J J 0: •=: < J J J D a ^omU CO a: w -■ Z 2 <: B £ K H -, . J < Z f^ ' S M 2 « I ; 2 a: £ « 1 214 B . - • < z sS; - S (- !- . : 2 r; t- 5 5 >• > > o :•<•<•< 0; 30000 . w _- V3 J ^ B < < > C K <; o < K O « 000 ^ ^ *^, Q/ . u K "^ -t— ' OQ Pennsylvania Volunteers o o„- o Vii (U U (U u _-, . ~c "c ^ c c3 a! o o'2 C H Ji -i2; ^-ll— >< IS 1— >i— iZ fe I— >i— >i— iH-iZ z z w c p 1— ii— 1>— .1— >z 3 3 3>5 t-1 f^ f^, t^ f^ V) t— faro's"* I tvOvO O O TOO ^ ■^ li^oo 00 "^^OnOOOOOO 'C *u*c *u'C 'C'C 'C'C'C'u "i^'C 'n*n "u'C 'C"C'C u 'C'C 'C'C 'u 'c*c "C ccci-.»-.j-.j-.i-.i-.i-.v^tH(-.wi : i: •« z s o 2J=^^ td 63 H W m Z 2 Z ^ W > > >- O O < < ■ o o - 2 w m z z "" h- ci ->^ cawsp S - - 2 M W J J 6. J :^ J a: < <; i M a z 2; a . L" d 3 z g z«<^ 5 J 5 z ° i •^' a 5 K <1 S 03 q a. X •_ O ^- - . •_' .KB X ~ J E " r o 5 J -- H S c ^ 3 <: - ^K - o u < 215 4; J K O O J . >• J J zfogm ■o : o r z B 2 < < < o s^ o; a 5 < b: t- < m £ X o 0^ X5 < S o D w fe< £ o s « 2 < O J X w 0: ci b; 0- < < o <; B J > ^"^z« ■3 « «) > . ?:oooc The Fifty-Second Regiment P^ 5 ■S 3 Et >b ■mCJ o-e •O^ > 3 3 3 3 ri 3 OS O " W H > ro »o ro f^ f^ 1" I 1 -^00 T^O ^ t^^ O -^O O O O O^ MOO M H M a!:baa^^a^a;3caaSc-So.t10''S^-S'^'=^=^33'^'^^=^rttitirt c/2SSaiw2fiHw2;wSi-iWWgwfewOwOwOc«MW< H J H 1- H CO CO CO CO 2l6 E O « =^'«£ o o 2 >• c -= ?: !- D CO CO CO w . ■<: « S w a 2 o < X X COCO 2 M o o s -'!:;'"'< - - m 2 S ffi > < f- H ;r ft. ra 3 " J J S«co - a W o .- b: 0. H ?■ » s < £: a o K a < S S5 o t. 3 S. ? W W J 2 CO o w a o K « o a! o 2i-v ^ m < . 20Q£ 3 D a a « 3 n o o g : 2 S 5 o Pennsylvania Volunteers .2 !^ ts rt . «"° 5'2 o"? o O C (U C $ )'r; 3 M d BO ?! 9 t? 9 S &r^&r X C X o = o c \0 *0 O ^ vO O O 00 fO w^ l«00 M o U O > o d M !-■ rt (U o 0) l* 3 O. "O ^ ^ o o o o CO fO O M o o» o\ rt rt ,y y a* y u SScnOcoOO 4> O lU CJ 4> 0) < W < O ^ ►-< t^Q S ■ ^ *-> ^ ^ £ »■ w § ^^^^^^^ go &, O H 2 SO w '^ Pi Q o B o 04 B O 2 <: a, o o « V u o o o . . . .«:;«::« S S S S u "J 4* C C C C o o o O C O O OJ £ .>> >.>.>.( ^ ^ o ^ o o W « « M o f*^ 4J 4-» +J ^ +-> -(-> caa c a a V u (L> :3 -> fewi— lOcoOOwww c c c c S (3 -M +J 4J 3 rt a a 3 3 u ■g^ C) OJ 4) U "2 ^ 4-> HJ +J 4J C W, Vh W, IH (X,(jL,pL|flH g|B ccaCCCCCRG SQjaja^4j4joQ^4J s 3; > o S ti H " 0. .>^- S ft] u 217 The Fifty- Second Regiment Is .s« • 603 ■^ fc> h .bigs O "1 •I-' •3§t3 ■^ ^:;^ • ■ Tii t; T? 1:3 Tl 73 CTl rt nj ctl 1h 1»> in U QPQG PQ 3 "3 K o " w H ?: >-« CO fO fO fO r*^ f md <:i o ^r I ON "^ •-' "O ^ , * vO 'O o o CO *^ f*^ ^ "^ ^'^ "^ ) r>. rf TT Tj-\0 c/Dc/3 C2;'->OaiOO'-iOcncnOc/Dc/^c/3c/ac/)c/2c/2Cc/2 aiOOOcC'-^^S>>>>>>> ^, ^ ^ -\ o o J :j b; 0; « n pQp3Pan Pennsylvania Volunteers C G oO 4) q3 V o "SOOOO"^ «£! OOvo ■ QQQ 2 «"^ 3 o I ^ u ^■SS > B « .^ O m O O p o oJi m o 5 (u t-S v- ■5 £f E? fe ■" « 'O'O'O 4) 0) C8 3 rt ii£ •? o_, I > Sb l-i ih rt-;;^ r 5o2-§| V 4) q^ "^ c c "1> -*-* ^*-' 00 CT3-0 mDaniSQ ■i-l iJ ■*-! jj nJ rt rt rti 1 1 1 1^ 7, 53 U 5 01 « o-^ u ;'o i; o o o I _o (u m 4) I ^ C C C u WOOOQ a 0) QQ 2 1 1 g-: I-. I-. *^ (-. — <— "1 03 0! C 3 w u o fl 53 1) rt G >. >.x o mCQBZ »o t ^ ^ -^vO fO M • dj u m ,'"i:^4>4)4)3>g,""0)(U4)" 4>4)4}4>Ua)4)QJ4}q;4J04}4)4;Q)QJ4>4)4>4)4)4)4>4J4J04)4)4>4>4}4>4J4;V04)4>4}4>4)4} rtoicSaJnJt«aJt^aiaSnJairta!dci3aJrtaia!aicacirtaJrto3rtn!a!doJa)nJnirt«aidrtrto!rt 'n*C'cn*c*C"C"n'CC*cc'c*C'C'u'CCCu'C*cc'n*u'CC*c*u'C c ^. u u t.. u u vh u u c i^ i-t •sQ 2 p 5 « S 05 Z o •«>■<<: woQ . ^" - - >■ S a K H g O O J p D » t<; M O O b! Bi J >j U ii 2 W - J >J H «; B Z M Z -<; z z 1 « o o IPQfQm 05 J M < H S S S < O CO z . . < w K Z J m Z hi D « o ■4 « P CQPQPS O Z5<'^ S ^ t^ O Kt> ©"-"Z < o . « - .1-11— > J , S w - - -J Z < J z z w w K a " r S J -r- z S 5 p ■J < < b! K J p a « o o < 000000 Z J \z a S S « P S W u u) m > Z 0. ►J b: S P P <: 000 < o az K s iQ'->o H^ ■=^'g^3«z z £; H .2 S^ t- g « S (^ 3 i w Z m Z ft. ri ; » o < o o o lOOOOoQi 219 >, K . osf-i SJCh >. M . '^ . W K >. J- a: J O b « OS Z P fc. o <: o o P OQQQQ 5m K < . W ri w ° 2 z w z S 0: W I ^ . Z 5 !- Z _- - SHszrz-c^z ^jSZ^w^Gga jcjpBiaioioSo! The Fifty-Second Regiment 4) . > « JjOO flj "-I 3 ts « -•Ml £«:SS''l =8 "^OOO.w M_« « « 5 Cj-:ciJrtOopo2hr,>.>,n c c CO-- X R 2 WcqmmOOOO^SQWOH gbz; o^ r K a! Rf O lU rt 5) cS rt 0] J, owmwQ o . 3 3 . . . <« O O Q> Q> a) V- ft) G> g re g.t: 3 3 QPQ>HS . . . I I I „- JJ iJ C C C I I I ^ (S cS cccfcbfctj-wt; .2.2.2 fefcfc" I I *J+J+J c R R ^'DT3 ti3 cj 01 , >. >>P; U 1-. wwwmwmWQO 1 -^ -^ -^ -TOO AZ^ :S;2:Qh '3 3 '3 O O O I— 1>— ,t-,!z; 2; 2 1- b! O O S "- > ro •-* "-I ro lO m t r^O ■^O^O'O^J rn rr}\o \Q 0**0^00 ^O^OOOO O t^ r^vO ^D fOO -O O ^ a)(uo(U(UO(UQ>(ua>4)(U4> aj(i>a>aj > .> > > .> > > > > .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ !^ !i. .^ .£; .^ .5; .^ .& .^ .S .£; J J kH & m gO 3 o < u) z 3 t3-<£;woooD«:ti]o;=<:g^; Q U W M-l S J •>: w < J K <: > a w ■>: w z ^ « " •< £ y mS H.g s 15.3 o s ] J O Q § § O • w 2 5 o J 2 > V> k> kv* K> Ky* O ■it-H 1-^ HH f-H (-M *-H O 2" •— '< Q H "^ O E w .J z •J K <; W So ^ f-HH ^ OHH J - 2 !5 +J +j 03 t. V. t- u <-> QQQQ =« C C Ih U t4 )h > *^ -^ |_ i- u v^ o >s>sooooJi . . .1^ -M ■*-> 4J *;; o o o'Og "13 ";3 'j^ i5 T3 (U (1) (U I— I ■(-» "c"c c So O O OkH ■ M to M 6 2 J:; t-i C t-i 1-. ^ fl) (U 4) o <1> a> ' ■ — - mm' o'S §1 1> 9> . >> >> 2 (3 c ." ^ o o-g o £ 0) ■•g So 12. vO^^^^^O^ f ^ ^ -toO^O CO -,i— 1>— iZ c/D <3 MtHfOf'>f^'-l'-'fO'-'W*-»fOfO'*> M to n to V trj^'O^^oo to too to* Tt o t^ ^ o "O to .a>--^;^KS a;d-(i,&.£SS £££££££££££&l£ft(ii5^A(ici^fe(if^Sfi,fiHfi.fca.a.^ z :j z w -! 0: ■= g S w s J J g ■< o <; 1-1 -3 3 ^ «: ^ < O O 2 >• nsQcjD OP s S " >• o . - "^ w S «'^ . Pi « "^ ^!> w H 0! b! >; ^- Q," - W QWHggSZC^ SZZZOpHdtP. 331 j 2 5 J s . >■ w M J n 9- 2 - -5 aPO«DD<:oooM te " B 0. W g < » S o - - (d H- M J i-« « (U g es S B! < 3 ii < a M . S fj £ tn a!fa>-> x' S g § s c«- a J S W H < H 5 The Fifty-Second Regiment 2 3 t> V o ii v't^tO cd oj rt oj rt ■-".—' ^ o o o o o>^; IC « cC « « . ^ ' aJiu(U(U(ua)pK-c- ^UCJUUO o „ O yi u> J/1 V! yi ^'C nl o O O O OO;;.^'^ " 60 M' M M M ^ _^ , ^I3333P™^ (U 1> o2i o I o ^^ «3 w I ^ 3 u *^ rtO « o p o QQ vO'O^'O'O'O'O'O vO 'O vO ^ VO vO ^ vO June 2 4 Sept. 17 Aug. i6 Mar. I Dec. II Oct. i6 June 26 Aug. « N « t/l « ■3|3'p^ 3 . ^ 0; o " w i- r OJ 0) o (li (y o a)>2.^ ooOQjr3ajQ>oJoicilaln)flicjn]cdc3aici3nJc\J .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .£; .^ .^ .^ .-; .^ .^ .^ .5; .^ .i .£; .£; K w < o J 7 -'tig, w Z C5 M E C^ W O O S -,W < zp; 3^ -> . :M Xi K S < ( O D H I u " i^ fc. 2 « C "^ H ■: t ■< " : ^ K S '«Q 5:i- ■ w M z e- Z W < "5 « » £ z s « « w So:" , < B C J •J « S « 5 b: iffi w Z '^ J S Bi r«" "! 1 >o 00 M >o .4J0Q M 3 M (U >.« t-< .Q ^ « >, g S 3 n ES > ■z S^ R c a; S K (J 3 3 0) 1-1^ ►J W ^ DT U1.C 3 +^ E'^ E e T ■^E • °l1 "2 13 -3 ?, "J '^ C O.C r ■^ 0-- .^E, >- 1 cs ri 3 1—1 S S M W „ M 1 vOO v: • ' 0000 .C 00- i « N " ^. 1 60 ta M 1 3 3 3 « w < .*o 3 c tii c a g rt lU < o ^ coo Pennsylvania Volunteers c " "■ ' oS^^-y .§fe « c 3 g e S « o- op °^A I S 3 t, c K-xO I o^ Ci, Q O f c P -^ v ^ c ^u. o^ „ o oi 0-" 'Ooo.S fS C g "r; g O O 0> .>Q>faww<:woooQ .E3 6 o C s tew. 1 O 01 HJ C c o - 1- o f^ fe t:;.-SSo'2t s" . . I>^l .fefe.2.2^t^g,E' 2££:2£^>,>>&g-C-Cco.H 3QQ Q cqpQMWCL.CUO^O ic3i rt 5" "•So 1^ rt Oj rt cfl'O'OT) g (U (U u 555 , vO O 'O 'O O O • vO ^O^'O'O'O^O -^ ^'OO ^53333 3 o^S '"►S'3 oijij3'33'3 ^ZfeZiK^CQOh C C ^ ^ XI *-• 4-> g 3 O O "5 G o 3 O < o fOOO 00 O 00 00 oco t^ t^co O -O 00 t^OO '* 1 ■g 60 6/ljJ M m; »CPiiAr*5^0CidooO rot^t^ >-> M N N « CO O m £ < §33 £ . .,"*^ " £ s 5" ^ o < OiS <>■!> o„- Ofe. < o,==,^« o 1-) i-i!? |->|— iS W ts t> i->CQ i-,t> >-ii-if-i W S >-i 223 '"' " ~. [. w K 2 < 0! W a " H H o J «: M 3 • ^ C^ M « K w o 5 S5' 'Q < S: J J , K <; w M J «: X( s E> 5 « M S S 2 ^ ivj K W H C (1, J ,; J S J Wb>. ooffi The Fifty- Second Regiment <00 «" QJ O 3 a ■Z.Q jn Q V! y S v> v> § c— c eT3 c ct o O0iOODOO> a M Ji M M V: M M^ >omooHOOQ •B-O - SS o3 w I- -a 3 (U 3 lu '(5 S^^S o p z x: ' u +j .• <-) ■:; T3 ."(=•-; g g m s, O a! O 2 "t^rs 3 <" 3 g «i S<: c>.c o 2 H omoziQ ■E,<« tC tCi g>3 f -^ o^ a> CjOo w.t: I III U 4) OJ >> a: ni rt C U Ih Ih «rt QQQ B! O " M H r ■(UCJ(U(l}4>aJaJQ}4) OiCU in, Ch (3h Or PL, Oh Cli Oh P^ &4 Ph CIi K20. Piz kS M O ^ ,« J -bB BJ H Z u ■< J 2 O X ca Id q: o<;rao3 o - CQoq K a! a ° H - . K a 2 0! J « « ? J t^ oi & < ■< E> o PQoqoje o: Q < m o; . Bfo tn td W « o; o s u s o 2 J o u 50 ■ •«25 ■ S -J X H 2 a 5 ^ J 2 J < J « J J o o -<: mooo 224 a,< C5 J « a t- 0. a. 0. D < O S 00 )— 1 « J 2 . J B ■< 2; a a b a 5 g z 5 u J . a . a 22ajZ3<^Z o o sc x<" >- >■ 0: o o s QQQ Pennsylvania Volunteers o! o oj -1 n (SI ,0 03 O <« " a • •a ^« ■ -■ cj C '-' OoOQl W^ -.S r; „ on o5 C yj 03 (-. 'U'tn C <" « c3 •o >^ »> iH X C u 5QWOQ a J; o c a! O _«> _M jj {5 ii Owwcg Q paOOH ^ *o o ^ o <* TT rr u^ fO vO O ^ ^O "O '' '' u S' c O O « n! 3 3 " 5 ■-ifal— > :zfe>- :^:^^:^-aw£ai^t^fc^JS"iHH(-j 32zB«OBa22:*-J-i"2:DZ B! Z S Z 2 g Qg^ZwO^Zji^g fjj z M <; J -^j*; fj; Masouagsoo B-!o2ZSgzZ0. ~ * ooo a o tn u o •a a < c« .(5 '2.2 • '3i.2 4 C 3 >< c „ rt> c^ j'rt gfe o " «).!3.rro =: a. !;i rt OWoPPQQ 5 g CciMn . •a o^ fe T V. rt •O 4> o rt 3 bo ■£3 fe -- Q U POP o o t3 « !^ Ef-o "i O. S -. °5 Po<;op July 12, '6s July 12, '6s July 12, '6s Nov. $, '64 July 20, '62 June 24, '6s Dec. 12, '62 May 31, '62 Nov. 27, '62 Oct. I, '64 Mar. 8, '63 May 31, '62 June 24, '6s Nov. 30, |62 July 12, '6s July 12, '6s May 9, '63 July 12, '6s Oct. 21, '64 Aug. 22, '64 Sept. 23, '64 ro 1/1 in vO <5 rt'3'3 .00 3 3 1— >!-> sO^^^vO vO'O'O'O'O'O^^OO 0\ ^CO O m w CO O O 0^ O CO »-• ' 1 r» W M M V> f>.\0 PO IH 4> 4) 4> m dJ u d) ^J ^J +J +J +J .4_> +J oj oJ oj oj rt ct) cfl Oh CI4 Ph (^ 1^ CU P-( o (1> v OJ rt rt cij cj ciJ > > > > > 'u'u 'u 'CV. .i .t .^ .t, .^ .t -t .t .^ .i: 'u "u t- 'u V. 'u 'u 'u 'u 'u |l|(l|(^P-lP-(pHf^&lCl|Pl 4J9>4>4>000<1>4> Ph OiOiPHP^OHP-iO-iCLifli sSkw u '-' 2 0! w zz J g ►JJSS z s ' a? -1 a 2 ?? Z ^- J BJ Q Q ri "* 3i> ;w"" ta s o z _, DOQ«Z .CO 2 a a . « "' z . O D « B < O D ~ e^ *< 3 ? ^ <: o <; w J H s^' o « o SSZZOOOOOiOh Gk -u < f- J S^ :3H ..-0 S "" =^" s oySzi Bi Z N B H H =" m 52 d B< J g K H y O D 226 Pennsylvania Volunteers 2 o, ?a O V 2 ° .t: o.. a o^ moo QQ d_g °^ 0-5 c) 00000 -„;"-' I— ,j3 "jx;— . o t"u^tt«l-il--»i— ,>-ii— )<<(;o 00 ooooooooo o o 00000000000000 00 OOt-'OOOOI^'^Or* 00 iuooo3ajS)OS) o 00 feOOO^WwOw O < O r)\o voo a»r^fo>-» TTco iO(»^ 15 rt VQ^4)(i>4}a)oa>v .^.^ .^.£;.5;.S;.S;.£;.^.^.£; 'CC 'CC*C'CC*u'C"CC Odli CI4 Oi Oi Ph Ph Oh Ph P-i Ph .S.^.^.£;.'*.b .£;.£; £; ^ ^ ^ ^ > S a < s ■-vS >■«) M . 2: Q Z a a a H!-»oS<:o.oa, M S ft- -< o 2 « « - M ^ T- 2z S Sri a -9^<^ -oo£o « S J . « w .r;- . 227 The Fifty- Second Regiment C u SP s s. S c 5 oooc HI a> " " o c; o o „-c S3 -^B = Q .-p-i Q s .^"O c '^•o N-aU ctJ - -^ T) -Q TJ o "O c-ii Pid, QCl, CL, O, Oh rt, Oh < W lO lO U^43 4J r*^ *0 m r*^ r>» Vn IJ^vO -^J, ^Jt goo 00 00 t;.j-Hi-j^°o^:_jh-,°^^ '~'.I:;.b , 3 *^ "^ "^'a'a ^ "^ "^ . ^ '^ "^ ^*o.'S 2 2 :: :;ww g H « g s „ M ^ww ■Cjr,Li>£o o Of^.— , o Ohihi'~>^ ^ >->->.>>"'-'_>■>>_„>'>-■<"'-'" g c c c - -:S c c^S-g c c-o - - ■cSEg^^I^ES^«SS-S_g oooo'S'Ssoonpoog'S-S auuoSEgoo§goo|ES "3333333P333 3 3 3 ■OOOOOOgOOggO OTJ O O tio'3 "O "O "O "O ."CO . -•013 ta'O'^ ^ yi ty) [/3 w w^ yj w'trf^ ui tyj o y5 en .2 333332332233. S2 33 vO vO vO SO o o O OOOOOOOwSSwwOOwOO .2.S aa 2 ^ ^ .2 hhgggSSoooooooooo i_l lyj^g M tC M M M ^ t^ O'^- '^ '^ °- °- °- O. OWMC/JMWOOOOOOOOOO ^ S3 « • b <: J B < M W ►J " o c/3 ta S en a Ei "^ 2 • 2 is B Z J « « < ^ s Q W < Q 228 Oh • £ oj" ■ J 9 S: • h S S ■ Z^ ; cL,?'o>t-'-ra ■ .<:< :o> « vo ^o o r C 000000 S h • M M M ,^ r*^ - - -u- "^ ;; (U 1) QJ o S « . ^ ci o o - . 1^ .so 00 . ^ "<(-(-" •q- N >O00 MM O '2^?2.t;.!3M2gS>:->-oo S g'S S a-ocS OcS fc^ te^^^'E'E 8 lu-o gl e 8 8 8 8 2 S c-2 §c^ c o o^ g op 8 3 d-o 3 q h-S Si,^ H,*^ H H >- S ;:; 3 o dl ■^ >noo tC cJivo vo'^o" oi di ^ c^ " ^^o c>cA<>ovo>Ovao\oic>o o>co o> ^ ^o g* ^ ^ °* t^' tj tf tj 15 ^ ti i-S ^ ^ ^M &t5 tJ ii tj o'-g &t5 ti tj tj ti t^' ti ti tj tj| t3;S tJ i 1 1;^ ^ ooooozow&J.?z-wwOMwo aaall|ll|||l|l|p|ll|llilli>^ll>>>llll>.>.>.>.> S ^ 3 £ O O K m 2 H 0. 5 w 5 < a: > J < -< - :eL. w « t^ J z ofe o a'^ w Z J U ,-1 Q w Z « < < O s .^K2 ^^i^ < -< ■= ^ /^ =^ » < w « o & jQ «: ■ Q J Z B •W«P3 3:o!ooo<:oooo-«:j o-< ii s <: < E> o mmmmmoaf B' K 0! £ iW .a . -WW M fcd b! . ti b; b:: B o: < < J •< J J o J UCJOO W B ■< Szs < >• « ►J J < 3 K «f4 — ,0 B . 2 « a D ^ M B Cu Ci. ^ < O 0! O ^ « o ■< a: a OUOOQ w,"J •>■ i-W ? ^ -2 «: J oi J •< b: B H •< OQQ zffi s > ■«' o e-'"' '~>°* »: . B K M K 2 z o J z := o B o z PQW 22Q The Fifty- Second Regiment u, CO vC "^ e n 'O ^ *^ . "00 ^1^ " (3 4) " 'U'^.E " ■vO M C u " j; Si 6 " " ^'■^- e-^ g-s i-^^.^.^.^n E " fi _ u^^ 3 — ,oooooooo_v: o^> tJu'~''~>oooooci O 5 ^ -w rtO'— >'^ >— 1*^1— ii— >oo'— > « 5 „(»'-i I — 1 00 00 00 CO V- Q MUM "-g^oj ^o. 5 S N fT cTOQ'^WDi c s 5 1^ ♦i^.-t; C C C t- +^ +-» +^ •5 3-r-!- •r; aj nl CO ai '""'S " Si^'fe'fe nj aj n! " " " " -r; S'S'S ^ -^a Basse -g^cc-c-g^GE a"n't:"c"n^ .^-g g °OOU(_> a "J ° I'T) O ° °OUCi uuaJD^^c >— ' i-* v>^ v-i u (,„ K,, i^ ii; ^ ^ i-/ ^^ r,. w h/ rir^ C M C6 M MT3 SttCH S'S'C-C-C^^W CUM n ri -^ y;) ^^ >■« ^u k.u ^ ^ ^ yj y^ yi y^ ^U (y iU ly "' a rt„ cx^„ s f, s^E " nj O 3 nJ>£tc'~'3 O ?-c^^a^-3gSs^ 0^ t5 6oSj2 tog b fcj: ( :3 0.2 3-g.MXi^ cu-g 3 a-ra'S a oy-vv i^ o £ 1 60 I I "S I M M I "2 I •tJV-TJTDj'xl'-' '-'T3?''0 ^ut^3u,.i^-iiil-.3u :-c £ M PO" POf^rfjco*^^ ) ^ t M fO *«»■ fO vCj'0'0^ wOfeSgOOwOZlwOwgfLiOOOOOZOwOOi-iOZw&HWwOwSw QJOOQJOajQJ(Uaja)lJQJQJQ^4)OQJ4JOOV4J4JOa)fl>Ofl^OQJfl)flJtt>GJflJQ> .^ .^ .S .^ .^ .£; .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .^ .Si .^ .^ .^ .^ .S, .£; .S; .S; .^ .^ .^ ss • w m a ri "^ !2 " W 5^ « ^' J w 2 S 2 < -< 5(i;? rt"«'^„-SSw-3mSwOWr;o2„-Wd- Z W 2 M 2 K o o o Dicflg o r « Pi :^ S ° o - K J " o •«; J "S hr w2<-*ssm O2w^r^Ei3u0i^^. ^ ■^ ►J ^ o < J 2 2 0! W < o ^^2 o Q o S o N N . 2 H H B 5 2 2 «£-<:■< 0. « W W 2 w Q a OHO '-loit-:, g 0! «! Owe « o rt 2 o o 230 Pennsylvania Volunteers oooooo"2«," - M W w ^ ^ O o a 0.B ^ '•^ r^ •'t ri ooco co.t3 0«)'-'^'->^S,oS<»oo^i-.i-»->i->i->^i->i->„ 2 2 g'^ <^ O"" " o-x ">>>>>> fe^o^o """ >->'^ >>>■>> fe >>>'4'S."a (3 -u tn a 3 v. =ivo-ri 3000 rtic^'a saoooooonjo oZ ^ ?(c'~'oi c e 3 c .I'm c.-ti t; -s ¥r ir 1 G c Cti -s.ti-s t; -ti ¥.ti ti'O - -r 1 "^ " sst!5g33333 3X1 3 3 rt^jD r; ■'-''-' »H r -1 ^- *- 3 *-• K^ ai aJ H nj '" -I c. a , a QPQc«SQQQQQPQSSQSSQ§QQQQQQSSSOQPQQQQPQQS:SQQQ 0\O^O*OvCT>^O<'^0vO\i ) -^ Ov -^ ►^ 0\ Tf rrvO 0\ 0^ ( )0\f^ ' ►^0MK0«^g 2 w « 5 OS « . . ^ J ,f, a " C^2,^gO ZWg .0 m 2; 2 .^ O Q H K^ S en w 3 J 33 Q fTl ^ "r ft. zl ■3O J M « M c: o: a: M oi jj o >" o wP 2SS20 f - yl-H BS HP^ . K «J >. M M Z 0: H b: 5 b: b: ■< J w o P^PhPhPh jW^fi«W-Hrl'y'*"^HJ»*'*~' < J oSW ^ jS « J > OS .< zx - -ZSaw S"«S2S"3S^e «;«S0<:0«O'J5<; 0,0:5 p:;p^»iP^p^O^M WW 2 W £ s o z wozo ■Sw J 2 5JK3:«!^K3K-Jh wzosiKxt'a-'^sSs"*^ (--:ZHuoSSza:S«S(-j wwwwwwwwwwwwwwai 231 The Fifty-Second Regiment - r ^1 ; f! CUM .-^ M sob ■— u I- tf Q>C^4J4>CJVQ^VCJft>QJOU *J4J4-»+J4J+-»4-»-*J-M-*J-*->+-»+-'*->-*->-*->-*->+J+J .^ .t .t .•* .£; .^ .t .t .^ .^ .^ .^ .£; .^ .£; .£; •« -^ ■£; : S 5 oi • M Q w N w :g o > -Mo . <> Q^'-'Z •^ D 5 M >• H 5; £3 a 2 « f « J M O O D S 5 K K O K mwwt-it- O I" " ra o C c 01 a ass PPS XI JO ■>fo»>a,0HOP ^ .1— > . ■o d-o 5 . . (U rt 1) nl C-O an (/3 CO 3 3 SE 2 « P CU . . .p^ ■ -M «) la (U ^ 41 •> ^J?ni ni nl £ CO ti E u - -tl t; t n h nj c c^^ o o oi; o *-! O OT-irr) «) 4) m W 4) Ji'^";3 « 5 COM M^ M SgSaaSSs"'^ ^ a O.Q, Q, >i _ >^>< X rt ni c c f=:r c ~i r.> r.l , ^ r s ^-\ rM-M^ O mwwoooooQO VO^O^O^'O^'O^^^O^O^O O'— ll— >l— 1»— iC/2 autoaaaan SSZh 3 ;3 p ^►^►^ vO *0 *0 "O 'O r^ f b! (0 a ^ ■t> c c a C oj nJ oJ -u ■»-> 0! a c c c c P. P. mmSSS 5 S ^g2 cflrtrtdritatiirtrttiicijcflrtn; OOOOOOOOOOOOOo aaaaaanaaaaa a-j; 1-.UU t-, U l-i U M i-JJOOWMMMMMMg-P- „ „„„„„„„„„ c c 2 O 2 WW' 1 "* • .!> <-> O 2 to t- O (O r- >> t-J w < t; t^ S W g < S o 2: z i5 o Z iJ to < W J OS a. J J ^ - li, . w J o •-^ i- a 5 w 0. 2 to S b: p K "^ " J X B Z I W H a; ! 3 « g K < ° I S a; 2 S: B! 2 S -J < p K W 233 <^^X ^ wffi H J 2 "JO o • s W Q < OWw n ^ -^ •-* 2 W O « 2 a o w (Oq>> o s s o o ^ 5 ■< B M ia< •y *** J J N J w w 5 p 2 m < m 3 The Fifty- Second Regiment Q W B Pi -a O 2 W I . s w I. W w H W •J S o ^ >8 ^: o o >< H a o o 3 M « H > •o .E ^«> 00 o "IS 'f ° .2u g E S Es 0*0 O d E-" PhW *5c'5o c c " o o It; >> < < ,^3 3 -WW xEE « ri rt "^ C C o i> lu S 3 3 3 tEEE -f< +j ■*-> +J *^ rt rt rt •^ +3 +^ -M fO fO/ tH (-. 3 . O 01 — J "<« "i^S 3^3 3^ 0(U(u0.rta.rtO._,i„ QQuQoQoOH ' S '>.^ „ „ „ o >>>.>.mA~^ §33 °-R-R-c_ 333 o_-c .2r'OT32'"i'4>t.T-'C'nO'na' -v.w 'U><3nn2niaiaJ-">^C POPQOO >WCi,OOW000HOUuQ«0 3 to to I ^^ Cj 01 0) s s +j +j 3 3 o ■zo sO O vO O O O t^ m t^ m N « ^ >0 'O ^ "O o o 3 o-g \0 ^ O »— it— iZ ■^ a +^, a a a aft a ati aaao-aS 5 ex a+i -^ t^ a a+^ t*. a a ati a^S ti Oco OwcocccoOmwOwmoiwaiSSwcoOOOMaiOOwcowOwfeO nJaJoic^aJoirtoJcflCT)oJniciJcdcJaJaJoJrtnJcdrtnJa]rtcOGjaJo3cEJc3c3 3'n >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 2° J > O rl fe 2 " U W K te „■ Z ^ S!: w "• w S S w Z < H M O Q O •< w . zQ «fe§ J o 3 o fc J E- S o: ft. u D <: D D o !7 > " g w w 1-1 OS CL. < «: < DSfflo OS ^ w •< a a S Q w c S w u > 2 2; Z z z > > o ->: < «! oooo Sfe SJ z " "Opi z ^ « 5 2:« ->: -i «; > 5. h- '^ K d 5 5 5 e« ^< J . .ft] « J J g OS .wt,it. 5 ft) * < >■ BiAo o>-;^ z a >. ft) S ft) < O ft, o S J > D 6. a S o ft) o P o m z QQQOWW 234 Pennsylvania Volunteers *:♦; ^ < a cs rtr 11 U _5!00 §§"2 20 ciow q g 1) qS OOH Q> 3 3 o o 3 a EE -c S S <2 « « 2 o oW _MW - •S - -C > oJ nJ E •*-» w. u. U t-. 1-. o ■a o ocli CXI'^ "J — ^ ^ HPOWcjoQ T)T3 . t! ti K, •« cjOO O O VO'O • lo 1/1 N Tt n T ■ vO o *o O O vO • vO in •o \0 O O ■ mmmmioioiowiTrio ^oo vO O "O . vO^O o iH : N NO m'vo" (o ; 2 2 in 4 4 : ro f^ . >» ih* >^ too >» ■ 3 3 o-^^s^ ; "3 1— > 1— I > ^> '■ o o o • ^33^33 35^ 3 "33 1— l"— . 020 wOSOwSwwcow^O •-iOaia)wS<-^S(L>4)(l}a)(UViUQ>CJV(UVa}VOaJa> ^ .„.„.„.„ .„ .^ .^ .!* .^ .^ .£, .^ .S; .^ .^ .£; .5; .^ .^ .^ .S; .^ .^ .^ .£; .^ .£; .^ .^ .^ .£; s z o w 5 zq" i-io z 2 D J I cs w » Oi u >J H B« M « «: £ °- i 2 S W g W W ft, k^ - " E J ^ '^ - « a; r tn « w S f, 0! a Z < •< t> m O c^ Id Id OJ a: D feOOOOOO Sz -0! u -ziS'* *= >• H !- ■< D O 3 •< z .^' 2 ^^ 5 s r to £ > 6 z td 5 o o « < The Fifty- Second Regiment Q U H B . (J a a s «l - o eg (o WW H W ?H < w a, 12; O o w J^ ir ot^ c.^ ^^H (8 g • o 1 V "^ rt oi >. 4 f O XI >C vD w« ■C •O t^ O M J3^ W J3 J^ tH i^ vOO^^to^^O '^O^ >. >. 6f >> ; O ^O O <"od»o" N > > >. i; S >. o o t« o. g-g 22§^ 2 z u" SSS SSS2l2:2;Oa-iZ Z ZpL, K H < K 3 C H J . Pennsylvania Volunteers o CO oi Q «3«3 c r.r. CU ra oo QOQ So h-^ Co, U O ■" - e e C u 5 S S !>'— > WMQQOOOQo 3 'SB § «333 33 o^^ *5^ § § B- 1— >>-)< >—,f^ 1— ii— ."^ ;2:QQfeK^^^<: 'O fO "^ ■^ ^CO mO r>-r^r^'^OVfON OifON ^ *-*-^ QiQ.Q.D.-*^ O.Q. fciOOcoaiO^fo&HfoOOc/ijaiwc/^Ococo ■U-i->4-)-4»>-i-}-M4-)-4->-M-4-J4-)-4-)4-3-(-:>-t-)-M4->-J->-4-> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>> > > > > 2§^ U ■? - ^- D J K <* <; Saw, I M B< U J H < ^ H K S < ^<^ SO o . ->« o S 2 !;; < < " «: 5 ci « 2 ^ ,--J . .P5 g go 2 H W ^ PS f- H f- 0! t- « J E W < K B K 5 >-> < " . OS S H B < J fei o a o <: ^'bd'o : 3 t-H - a K o . «: t> H o n oi ** . 2 K C^ S M O « w t W t; M H C3 ltetetefe>J fe 'd'S'd tC .4-> 4) S £ "" "^ P pt^'S" u >! ° c ^ 0.2 o 2 "c ^ 5 B g ap o O y) O i7 ^-"^ PL,Q|X,Ix!0 o o c a! (U cS g ra P aj r O. O, L, (t> u 0) X )Q>PLlWfe 3 ni 3,5 4-.33m5 C0C0:33OC>u.ca "'-'-w^ R R WW i2 i2 o o.S .3.3 O OCc *J +^ +J +j 4J j-> »-• R R H R C R g (t! aj nJ cO ci cO S • 2 ■< M ►J iB S S jj H O g . 0! > a . . .^ Q Q en •< ■«! 5: M B -J K S o ri o «: D - < ii ^^ : « a S 2 a: -: w o,5 i • •i_l Cd ^ "^ c/1 ^ . Z "^ m 'J ^ -' S s o M -^ o -J 237 The Fifty- Second Regiment 1 I >«■ H D O O «U n S o o hH Q W B o w Pi CO W » & O > d M Pi Q 2: o o w >i Ct3 Ct3t3 n Ri u ni Q>QQ> WHO>>QQ OQQ PQWOh^Q>QWQQ 2 (U 1— ll— >1— ll— »1— >1— ll— >l— >>->ZZ|X4l— ,1— !►— ,2 .)_,H-,h-,P^-l— !,_, 'O ^ O ^ ^ O vo BSoH (^ fO Ci V) ro f^ » Tf*0 vO ^ O»00 r>-0 O ■■O "^ ^ tC0 J^OOOOO -^-O w i-i\0 2;OwMco0^aicoaja}ixjc/300000feH-^OcoOOaicoOOw:2;o;^OH=,00 c]nJnidi^aia]ricT]aib4Joa>oc}a>a}a)VQja;ajoajc}oo o.ao.o.o.ac.a.Q.o.-^> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> > ooonnnnono 3 'C 'C 'l- 'u 'C 'in 'C'C 'C 'C'l-, 'u 'u "l- 'u 'C 'u'C 'C'C'C'C'i:! 'C'C S ™ Q 2 0! rid! CO M a; M -■ tn a a - 2 H >. s e! 05 SCQ < \^x6 M J S z «: < 3wo « 23 " w« < ■ X Q !2 n " o S < : o:0 - ■ B , a Q a en Z Ut> «m S q! x; w c ? 2:;:^■ w >• I >.feZoiSoSdoS>OjDoOh; ooDDojD«:D;<3:5Do < sss OP >QG Q>OWOWQ 5 >xxcua; >Q mwaoQ> EH c n o o rtrt^Q) ^cijnj Co 1;^ <« .« & & ?1 « ao, X X t; ;: c x x WWQQ QWW 'OOOOOO'OO'O sO O O "O O O O ^i-iO '3'3'3'3J5 o o o ^ K*^ rj r=*> r*» y ^J I>> i>i I>i I ■•r f po »^ ^ n\o ^ ov (o w o foo w ) 00 'TOO '^ ' H\CO»0 M-^vO^ O ■^fOOl^rf)! ajrtoS'5rir5,ort«£'S«yrt"^«^ „3^3 «;& u SS" u o u '^ «^ o S^ u o « « " " feSOwcowwOSQcoaiwO'-->OSwSai^=.S^wcoOwwOwOwQQaiaigOwwmOO Ph &( Oi Oc &< &< Oi ft. Pi A &< &I &< A Oc Oc Oh (ii A p< a, (i< A, fc a< Ph A a, a< Oc fe o< A Pi (X, Ph 0, Oh pii Ph fc < C/3 OHM -S ►-.g S O 3 - <: < J a o'-"~'So « S-" m « - > a! <: g « Q << > 1:; o: WaWfefe W OS o < o Q a o 3 2 JOS < M '3 ■* w 2 s g •< T H s O M Z J J M S E < y 5 K z ^- ^ .yo< o z" 2 «■ a < w S ■< fc o 2 S wi^ fa 2<; . Z S o 2: K Bi £^ Zft, -Zl-, . , 6j 3 w .>•■«: .N - (uhm ^ oj u O B OOCJ 'c~ S c c -3 nj cj »3 rj cS.S o a OQOOO oj cd 01 PQQ> r u t-. Jr; 1-. 00 QQ ^ ■" -"O o 5 B « ^ "_, 00© - M M M^ ^-O g— ^-^^ j; p-^-^ M p- p hr'Ar'Arr, ^tl l-'-^-i-'-k-' I- t< h h.-S l^ •- ■^imriUi'a cS I* "ti'" lU I" n n"^ « 1» WOOOQ Q>QQQ>>WWO>> \r) \n \ri y^. tr^ \ l« t N MOO 3Sn3,'"a!i:','"i:;33333=1333K5^5333 p^ (-^ r^ r^^ _ -,1— ,fal->OPlH O'O^^OO'O'O'O^O'O >>>.>»>.>.>.>>>. r^OO od 00 rOM\o"^OtOtr) loo'oO Tf o v 4) . . w M M 1^QQ„-« 'S tC«3 J «> 3 3 32 3"i t^tt 2 «; 3 - - °- I jj S '" '" ^8 « N >t O M mvO MOO M W M <0 >. >> M >' 1-.' >' >> n' o' Nov. s June 2 4 Sept. i6 July 12 Nov. 5 fOfOfOMtHMMIHMt-tMMM^M^MfJ lO^^'OOOOO^OO'OO^O MoQOOOO lO OOcowcflwcoOwOwOwcflOSOO Q>a>Q>Q)OQ)UQ>Q}a>VQja;QJ4>a>4>0 -^4^4->4->-»->4.^-4->-«.>.^-*.J4->'4->-M4.3+.>4->4.>-f-l .^ .^ .£; .^ .£; .^ .5; .^ .^ .S; .^ .£; .^ .S; .!* .> .^ .> 62 - . 2 J ^ a K «: < s K s a a •< t>t> OT O -l to w W ^ w g S8 o< W o OT J3 B ? o ■*^ c 1 a 3 a *> 3 fO i o-a 'Z 3*-> 3 |3 n 3 o a § t S 2 c« £•§^853 fe OT a .2 s ot;3 OT 1 1§ 00 1 .^2 1« . .«! oc^'2 ?.2 . - ■2 c ■«■ 1 o ^^«O00T3 O^ o - « . « a o ,; .esigned. xpiration of tei romoted from "O J^ i? o ■s'S r^cx; KWPi, O CiJ > w> <0 >0 lO >n •» i« ^ V) O NO vO VC ^ <> so vO co" r^ rT t^ ro n lO « « « M Ht ig-3 •-> l« IH >> > >> o. < cfl -3 .»3 M 11 M l] ^ M M ^o o^ VC 5 vo vovO « MIO a >c ■ j; rot^ « c<5M « w Aug. Aug. Sept. ■4-3 *» •4-> 4.> c, OT OT OT Q.a OTOT e t c< -u -M rt e C a .s.s.s £ s Ih CTl :3 3 E? aaa OT OT M "■■ 1.1 ooo 4- e c 4J £3 «OT £ OT s £ . o ■ Bi • w • O CO • 2 CO 2 : w (- W . H 2 Oi w . t: H Ci] d w aPQ > 2 c o Pi (- OT (- j" 1 w« 1 $ C ^5 c s > •< C4 K a p. CO <= ^ s ^ i6 241 The Fifty-Second Regiment s - rt t« m „ S )-> QQQQ '^ooooo^-"' S22u22»'3sa!= mwwwwwoaoooQ S.S sUO S.E -Sin 5), ^^^8 8 lU 11 !fi _ _ OOfc _o.oS g g rt X x- = ji— iZi— > ^ •g-g-g-g-3-33 o o o o o a &^ " ^.m « ^0*0*0^00 oT 0*3 o eg -M o. ■"' ■" o. 5? -k^ o J) o o 4) a O Oco00w<;0 uooo^o5j573jOuo5)"4)""""4)5jOu30u OZlziZ'-iZwMccZaiwMOcoOOOOwOTZaxIZO q C R C C C C eij rt CTj rt nj rt nj q; t-. t- t- t- Lh U • ■ >-^^ > ■ S w O W Z B! < M U) O! «) Cl H B! m O O « < H CO O 2 W W a W z " w r « 2 . J o o w Ki5 cqO »5 J « 2 .w : 2 o w J « 2 J J J 53 0. ^ " W o w g zX >• m « i ~. a S VI pa o: < o w S. ~ o >- ^ . -• X f- < « < "S < .2 z ^ W Q 5 =■ i< ° O 2' ^2"" J ™ O to >^ " ^ tn 2 « O S H H •< « H ■< K X m >• >1 O a> 242 Pennsylvania Volunteers ^'4 Q 4) U 0) 0^ QQQQ 2 ea •S.S 2'o oo .J3JS « mwco • ■tJ ^^ . -Q • • • «'^ 5 g c o o o^."-2 C C <5 e e (-"^S S O O O * o§§2 8>,c.H.2.Ji.S WHWmOQQQQ o\ nj rt OJ j " a'ca ^ SEfS .; . .°>° .i 6 (u S E c c w" 6 .2 Ls.Sfc^ S . ..9' cs,.ll >>ts S X I 'TO O ^O r^oo •-r -^ ^^ '^ -rr "^ '^ O T-j (n 3 U 3333 °°o 3 °^3,u «333 o rOM **^fOt^»-« TJ-fOt^t-* ' Tf Tf so !>■ On f*^ I t^M\0 i/lO ^O TT* 026SSS>^dQc)5<&Q>^0 w0waigfe0wwM000S2S<;eH0w2Zwww02wiz) > Bi " O r:^°2Sss 0! <: • o w O . < O o -ss .0 Z S OS _ «: tti w K >• o « o B! D ■!! < nCQCQW « J P S < pQCQcqmm ^ h >■ ^ O Z 2 OS a D 3 < CQPQCQCQ >,ora w 5 o < 2 Z -D- J < a: . H S O >■ Z H Z W z J z a: „^ o o o < O » s ^. « ^ w Sag <'^ z S (0 p O ^ J o S J o < o 243 ffi < Q D W, 'i < - Z B 0. w S « J < < O 0! ^ '-' »J Whh S a a •Shh o < -! a . K a: ,-^ u B -a ax f- O J PL £: r >■ J ^ J P o o OODQQ §« : " -IT! - -'— 1 z Z J < ->: J ■ > > w iWWfe z w 5 J o < 5 o W K ^ S S " Q " wSf^_2 w - >■" - 5 s " s « O z o b) hJ « >} 5 . iK a ;5 z ct - N r o ° £ £ -■ <: z £ >■ « <: B! <: OOOO The Fifty- Second Regiment I <3 I d < < o D H B Pi o w PS w w & O > w pti Q o o w CO H JJ " US' t- 3 ■;; " 3^ « c >.>.c 2 t. C c u c ■ ^^^ "^ .Q n c o. c c ?^ ■* h ^^^^ u ^^ ^ 3 3i^ 3 13 3 3^" 3 3 « M a3 a°S 3 3 3 3i;5 0\ Tj-so ■^ "H 00 ■fl--0 N-OOO gco<;Owc«gOSOa!<• o •-' a oi r** b;£Sz5 w OS -• «;; Kk a 3 p « Ul = OJ g H Z S H z^ o o wo p p E o 11 o o « got* &o « WCLhP e 3 PQ ^<3^000 "• • C'rt'rt'rt aio--=' ,>.>. ^ Wmp3P3 >0 "O O O O * *0 0*0 \0 ^ ^ ^ ^ O vO \Q \C '^ \C \Q ^ \0 ^ o 3 o S3 : S,?) 3 « Zi-iOi— li— I . I— ife 1— ,fci s^<- 33*3 '33'3 1 Tf ^ Tf Tf N VO " • 4) lU aj VQ>Q>(i>aja>a}a}a;a>(UVoa> nIrtciCTJciJciJaloJrtrtcflnJcSaJaJoJnJnJcTjcdcjciJcJniGjnJrtnJrtcijcIciciJnJ — — ^-^-^-L-..-.-- The Fifty- Second Regiment « O " a H > r;3 -u ^ rt goo .53 oj " O «•- . ^ U 1-. I_ >cqOQQQQQ .£">> . u cii C 0) ■M u c +-' "30.513 Q I. -P „Q ij — O O O O^^rXS^ .2.2.2 fe ^ g fe 2 2 2 '"^ I* K « X >.2-- >. wwwmf-oca \0'0'0'0"00^0'0'0'0^^0*0 1 »n »ovO 0\ r^ ^ TOvo o ^i^O*<^-^r^NO o D „ O a; o o cu^o)^^ 5^0 Sit £• O o ^ cJVQjucjiuajDCJUoovQjDoajv pHaHa J Z O Bi M < >• K ■Z O a Bi < U < 246 bo bo bo 3 3 3 « < aa 00 Pennsylvania Volunteers fcO +J >. a p d ja .y o w^ u 1:5 J! 6a o S S S nS ^-o S c S "o F 6 •» !> 53 « " ■!-> +j<2 . M >■ o o ^ cS • • ^ . • ■•o gg. CO ^-)M-iL "S O H N N N „- N „- 3 ; C^ " " " - " -■? -coo "^v. yCa-^'-tJ 5) S-y ii'3'3'3'75 a'S ''' C C R c S c . o o o I, c g o - £;■ . ;XXXoSoS><'- „^ 'V. ■'S'S'q'B o J t o 2,?!^ o o o o o o'3 O" gg.5 cc c.ts - -oW -c.tir ^ ^- -.52 S'-r^ oi c! ni t- "1 >noo 1 "^ c oj M M M ^jy ^(£, - g g 53 - • ■" ■ "OOO i C T3 - - ->o'' 100 00 •«■ t,."" lffl^:y^Ji|l||4rfiiliilil,ll^?^llili >E. ^ g £ >, " S^^^^Tj-o-o ^ « c I ^ I >>oo-^=o- ^ ^ S £f „• c ^ " b o o^ •"o-Sh h i^ i^ S S s Tn .0.0 o^H."»S>" OcgjSjgo ^ o « aa ao. n ao.-; ft aaaftftftaa S^'I'-^o-Sq-g" 3&&&g' u S" « 57 ST 51 oT u " j^4J-u-t> •w-w-3--"--!'r;r3r3r5 ■rt'rf'S'd'rt "rt dtsnlpjaipl-. Jiccccccc ccg2g2222 22222 2 rn M 60 to be M M bf M 60 P- £• ti' tj tT vT " 2 2 22 2 2.2S OOOOOOOn) ft a a ft o. ft-s > tH h i« iH u. u s.- oooooo^gt- H Q 2: « o < z t> ?* ■* "^ «; 5 Q <: " s- 5« OS w 5 ^ • • t- 5 - w : -• ">S -« J • Oi O « w2«Q • o < «: o £ O * K o 247 m > O • g 0! n O ,,; Z w S S O « « 3 «-' 5 O <; orl - The Fifty- Second Regiment - 3 SP'O JJ M M M ^ C S°o - - - >-t; " rC^ 2 ?» « 6 L . P. t! h C C C3 ;s - 0) a> -r: .'O-c g^^ " " (- w =^-: -:-:>>->>»' 00 OOCO V 4)00)2 . N cTn'o'o O „-S <2 ^ S3 tl'~> O Q. B . C c X X "^ rt 2*^ . rt 4J CD nSMM^ i; t. «^22t)2t;2S£Sa3feSSfer_g2ut;t;c ?lpiMWM?!?!nirtE!aiwnJninln!S2G!rt2wmrtujKw!2 c c . aa3 HE" o o „ ' 'E .2.2 ^- CO .^J 4-> O. r^ 00 00 00 0) u >> M M C P > . . (U i> rt ^& (U a> 0) J) JJ > > MM C o o b !3.'' o o n 3 3;g;g -fi«1 wi-^MW(/5Mc«a3Mwc/3Wi-^wOOwOwOTfeQ>4^VQ;a>4)a>ooooa)CJCJoa>c>a)^4>Qja>voQja}a> 'C 'C "C 'C 'C 'C 'C C 'C "C "C 'C C'C 'CC 'C 'C "CCC 'CC 'C n 'C 'Cu 'C 'u 'CC 'u 'C "C 'C eu &, a< &( Ph Oi &< Ph &( Oh &< &< Ph 0< Oi ^ (1< P< Ph Ph A Oh fc C^ Ph 1^ (^ &H Ah flH Oh &< &< fl< CU Oi ° < j' « m U g S ■ 2; ., ■ « • -0 SsiJBfcijZorajwo - .p (ri<2«>.B:B;z<«> >■ ft ft « < < < < ^ oouo Wco" S o o Oi-il X r -O tn" td f- « < E O JOB! zQ W SI 3 .o2 2 2*^ z t- w E H J J < O t>w>.<« w -_ r> 00 fa's m C " C - S - 4 ■3 „-, •ot:' .ss „ U. l-< 0) _ ■» '•O 3 =« '^Sv >-> Jr. -O M c !Joo ^, •"•^ o-S 0-^3 3 3 o u „" J3 U3 K, 1 00 00 §0)00 ac - 00 n r? XWi-i « ■o M w a V u ."3 1 a < :o b -too ^ b " fe b ^ r ; O. „ « O. O. i^ m w p fo>,0 O'^ O o_^ ^"oQ • U •2'CLJU P O 0)'- „ . t, jr -- 1— ,j:3 J3 j^ i_ t. I- ^ !--• , M M t; 3-c Mt-o'S -3>^5) Mti tj" i;^ b " oi -^ h-c-^'t^-c-c > b i; u i?„ C?J3 rt'aoo'Oy"'a'aT3'Oo'aa29"ooa7V3'0't3T3'-^>>Oow.goooT3'avfe(-'o CjQQSSQQ OQQQSQQ 2S^'*rfOfO • M W n t -Ml M fo r*^o O . fO r*^ fO ► i-t 0\ 00 00 fO < fH -4-3 -M ■»-> -M u 8'S'S'& : u uu" sr ";«i ,^;« s? ^j o'B £■ ii ; a a a-g a -g .^ . Qi 01 Qi *^ fl) ,y ^ " > > Pi fr, Oh a< Oh a, P^ Pl, -" c 5 z K 2 z > « o a u M X < vj'-io r; o o ■">« . - - . «r * u CO (/] H ^ « w W z z J < > J o < < O J :S:SS > > zo ts z 5 Z w . X - to - .-« H - >•>-' Z g W - S; Id .w ii O £• « J J Q 2 OS S W Q J J O B tt! « •< < O , a o J ~; U O J W :^J2 ■as a « oOTa 2 5 < o z Wo? .<-> -s>C Sj:; « tn'O -O^fc J . « » H . M « >." i-T &B:zss-o:oza;> 249 " . • z « i H Z" WW wcnwcowww HU UHUidMMH SZ ZZESZSZ , >, (3 " tS 4J tC M^ C oj y: ctJ oJ rt ►— ^ _ o o '^'U OJ (1> u. T^ TJ tD T3 2: f T3 T3 T3 Tli ^-T? OJ (L> oj o CD &0 yi,^,cj u u, V, I, 3 o> a! , cu ca ca niM "O er ^^.2. 2 O 3'543^ TTTTi:^ rr -*-* 4J +j -*jX ^T^ -^ -^ v-iu- <^ «^_. •r; -4J (Dm_(V-. cJ rt rt oj 5, O-'^ ctJ rt l-.VHU.U.liifrt-'-'l-'V-. QQQQQcjWQQ •^E^eg E Z rt 3.-„oo 00 .00 0.§ £ « M ,tM j^^ m 3 3 3 r- -as >-E3 3 Qi— > C -tJ ca E so 3 3 00'~i'~l '-' u u . V M-c -c .c M ao 4j 0) (U(U. ^ 1 2 « 3 2 3 3 3 3-i2.:2.^.23-2^2!! I I I I I S, t« 1- ^2 O rt .^ 00 Soo JJ3oO > \o -•-> y '^ c 3 W aj 4) 1) 'O J Ih 1-. u, > rj . e "oocooo h^ 3 C r- 'S '^ <- '^ rt*?; M«0 * So."'."" «^ T3t3T3 fe-az ..i; 6*0 P5^ "Oc/2M'S '^ ^ oS5>,ccc>. .>.E'2gS SgSo w2.H-S&^ oo u I I a, oj cii ' ^aQQma6"6^ oaaa^aoaa p ;?5',5o.vS'5'.^o.vS:p.^..?o.^.^ .5 pSp<>pppp ^'p ^;psp<,p^<><^pp^ p O ^r^r^^tONf^ POO o 'O "^ "^t fo ) O fo *^ fO f^ ^00 „o• W !" W w 0! <; m m ,!ii U 2 Z -'-' .Z S B B. . K N w K g K H H »• t'- S *- , - S s « Z " ' S W S H w S U) M Q ., « Q W J " $ O « J S > ; ai oi « 5 •< 5 a Bi b: f- s g O W BJ U " ? p Q Q « Z O o >• >• K P K H Z 2 (J <: ■ w - sxx www •^ z'H>- o o - M m «i Cl, 0. < S S S O O O K K X o z s < Q^ ^^ S < >■ I n « 5 X s! ;5 BJ < oj' 0! ^- S S b; 5," 5 - " The Fifty- Second Regiment w as w 2 W ►J OS o a > N n 2: w t3 c^ o O Q O C) < 2: H < CO ^ IX, C) pL, < w 2: 2: Q a St3 o « U CJ w »{ « o fc; CO o &. CO y-" CjXi >w ■ "^ ts 4) go c oil "^ St- § m o S c o o c-o coo C o I g^^ c 4) >^ S ti "go -P^ tea C£ rt Eg jSi2j2.S.s£osex5i> E-^ c/1 _ CM goo :i^ Eg g ... S3 o « E EErti ."-^ oJufc 53 go oooo_ot;v o o ca-a"^ oJ ^|&&&22^R U tH U QQQ o « ^< 'O^O^^C'O'O^^ ^O^vO^COOOO '3'^'m o o b o":: oo o»o O OO O o^<2000000 ooooooo-o W« «N iJ" MM cT WcTNfOWf'^NWW'^fi OOOI^WCO »^00 l> oo o oouOojjoooOo uJS^uJS s oj J5 oo o ooozomooo2;o oS-sos^^wS .S.S 'S'3 ao. OO rt d c rt 01 C p o (U J hJ ei i':-4J-tJ+J-i-i4-"-*-'-»-J-i-'-*-' UtU»ac-cJrtc^rtrtc^rt t^UUtnt-iUUW gooooooo Sooooooo wooooooo z z a K o o c z M W OK c ;» 2^ o < Z " 5 M J 2 B s « < " HjO^ K 5 2 S a 2 "' J J O < •< « Jo >■ < zk < w S i- " S m c a S fT. a 1 . 17 " ■ o " ■ «3 M Z JCH < ^^HOK-McK^Kw ffiO! < < a *- b. i; ° 5 M : « 5 H J >; o J J 5 £■ Zc>.i s o 252 Pennsylvania Volunteers +i H 3 - O v> gggg^ o o o o oi; i^ c c c cfci9 I ..2.2.2.2 -"I .1 Q> TO TO ™ TO ™« (U CJ C^ .^ ^ l4 ^ tl HJ ) , , . , . "rt a'a'S '£;=; "m "ta "cs vi X X X xq S u S QWWWWWQQQ (CO Sat C (3 " '^'£ o . q; (U .ti O 3 3 Ft wc/2 ? 53 c c S V OOQQ tX ^N-.« o b 0-" c c c o O O O u 2223 X X X c WWWO . . S 3 (u aj tfl >. «* o ■^'S t, S'O S P !fl uu-^ O , >■ >■ >■ >■ >. •g o eg '3333'333'3gg Jan. 14 Mar. 6 Nov. 20 Oct. 2 June 13 >< >. >■ u r^ >> >> >^ >> n' ^ u" 3-3 o| g|-33 3 « 3 0. ■OlO O >' > ^ O O o * 00 f O M a! H « -< « a D 3 0: u < o 0: < K*— >« X s -20 <- 2 Q . H 2 O H H a S i2 & a o « Sl«a5pq 253 X a cm o s f- o a s J S S o 2^ — It. -1 > . J « a >•< J > QWWM The Fifty- Second Regiment VJ3 •a «i V. 4).Q a 3 S " S fc I- rt-^ c c !n oj Q u u vO'OO'&'O^^'O^O^^ rt TT N \n in IT) %n -^T t \^\00^0'«0^0 « N N ti N N N lO-OOO" " '3'H'3333'3 oi « o H fc ^ Di 'JOO u"it^^O\M O^^N r^ro* a;voa)a}Q)4)4)V4)Q>a)va;c;ajQ)VQJ4>4)4}a>a)a}a>4>^4;vQ>oQ>vov oJaJnJn!aJrtrtrto3caaJa3nJ(iJrtrtaJcT3aJoJa!rtrtrtrtcJrtnJcTj(T3c3c3rto3cT3rt 2:gj ^ Z D tJ « 17 Z S 5 m " ° S fe ^ "* ,v" 5-" •< Q 5 2 z z •* S OS <; -^ i2 « 5 2 2 H K - -, a X "> < « ri 5 o (V ^ 0= oaj x^ ; -^ « z o „ Q ■ ^ 0; w J H < . fV H fi ^ "^ "y W 1 " I n < ". s < 5 !•' >■ H Z a: 5,zzj:3:>-'o!-j>JzM Pennsylvania Volunteers »* S3 a3 P S O.tn.w D.C. — C C i" 1* Ocnw fe c3 " M rt 3 ^ S5 « C •"> " C u M^ S uO.S fe 1^8^ I 4) *J 3 d TOD^.^^D4>OVV .*-^.«r>l .ii Jp, u +.3 +-» .*J -*-) +-> tHX>.X(i>a;i-.t-.i-.utH PtLiPQWQ>QQQQQ "... I O ID I hrt +J *J .M -^ t-H rt ClJ CTj vO ^ O O OoO S P lU V D n S 4J DrjcjU *.* "S -"'."-" P "o P c n c 3 _ P*'^ o o o*~> ^ O-o S 4) a5_ O 2-g33 3t:S22 WQOOOPOQW O i^vO "T O § 3 3 a> o cc I- e ..1 K^ ..^ u. c ►2,^^^§^S 3 "5 "3 3 "3 "s 3 >5 60 60. 3 3 ! t^ lo 0\ I'l i'^ l^ < hooiuouoSoofe"S itiJ «; o u cTJS tf "S O § 5 rt rt "i^ u 1) atS« " u « u o a'.i^ 3ii ►=>OOQOOO*^OOwfewQQOtflwS wS2;H^^0 O +j 4J +J c 4J +J o..^ Q. S^ y +^ D, C ! rti f\ ry f\ H ri f^ ryn\ rr flj oj /. tf tf c 4>4JUVVOG>a>DDDODDVDVCJD c3 cti oJ cj nj nJ oJ nj ri rt oj ci3 ct3 nj ca ni cii cti cij .,,.,,.,..-,-...-...-,....-.-...---.-_ -. -- -. -_ *C"C'C"CC'C'CC*c*C"C'C*C"C'C*C"CCu 'n'u'u'CC'C'Ccc'C'i^'cn'u'CC'C c i-. n ^^ u u. g a w 5 w . " a * 2 OS K :^ :z •J « ij « E^^ a o ~ 3 w o < a a o -S w (J o S 3 « z o w ■*^ ^ -f. .-. .J a < J w/^ t- te « j <; - y- E w . z 5 z z ■< O 5 z 2 « w S g o <: ' VI s M « s 3 o; t«! w w S m « f- !- p. . «: M w - a Z »! fe * "^' w 5 H a. J <: 3 < 3 >- < aia'.a'.etii ? o w a _ o: o J < " Q H J r;; D O w J ^ <: Sfe - - « J J Q J J « u u < u) tn X -, ,. -^ „ _ , .. J^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ -so J < K v!, ti. m a B o 2 3 a' CO X w — 1 -CJ w -Z .E a. o X W D H t K o X ~ a K <: S o wwwm 5 "J S . - -s a w a 0.- z S m £ 255 The Fifty-Second Regiment « t. s e&3 « o " fc z b: 2 "^ -*-» -M -"r d rt ra Hi ^ di ai ^ CJO " 3 ^^ a) h "c"e « "^ "SO w< u «-< C R o OCfe " *J 0) 4) 4) O !_, trt efl oi etj cd 3^ 33 s's'S'S 33j| d^ 33 ■ ro fO fO ' ON 0\ '^ ^ i-< o» I •H Tf PO -o f^ f*) \o *o ^ ^ o ^ cdc^cJ?3cjCTjnialc^c4c^c](^cdci3o3a]