0)253! Bates College INAUGURATION OF PRESIDENT CLIFTON DAGGETT GRAY BATES COLLEGE BULLETIN Eighteenth Series, Number 1, December 1, 1920, Lewiston, Maine Entered at the Post Office at Lewiston, Maine, as second-class mail matter, under the provisions of the Act of July PRESIDENT CLIFTON DAGGETT GRAY THE INAUGURATION OF CLIFTON DAGGETT GRAY as President of Bates College and The Commencement Exercises OF THE CLASS OF 1920 June 23, 1920 LEWISTON, MAINE LEWISTON. MAINE JOURNAL PHINTSHOP AND BINDERY 1»20 Ul ^' »y Inauguration of President Gray At a joint meeting of the Boards of Fellows and Over- seers, held in Lewiston, Maine, on November 29, 1919, Rev. Clifton Daggett Gray, Ph.D., of Chicago, was elected third president of Bates College. Dr. Gray accepted the honor and entered upon his official duties the first of May, 1920. A committee, consisting of Lyman G. Jordan, Elizabeth M. Wilson, Henry W. Oakes, Fred E. Pomeroy, Harry W. Rowe, and Elizabeth D. Chase, was appointed to arrange for the inauguration of the president on the twenty-third of June. Associated with this general committee were three other committees. A committee, consisting of Lyman G. Jordan, Carl E. Milliken, and Arthur S. Littlefield, sent invitations to the Governor of the State of Maine, to the Governor of the State of Massachusetts, to the justices of the supreme judicial court of Maine, to the educational insti- tutions in New England, to a number of representative cit- izens, and to other guests. A committee, consisting of Halbert H. Britan, Clara L. Buswell, James E. Coburn, and Minnie B. Hartshorn, provided entertainment for the guests and made arrangements for the complimentary dinner to the guests on the evening of June 23. A committee, con- sisting of Arthur N. Leonard, Alfred W. Anthony, Mary B. Robertson, Scott Wilson, and William F. Garcelon, had charge of the academic procession to the chapel, of the pro- cession from the chapel to the commencement dinner, and of the minor details in connection with the inauguration of Dr. Gray and the graduation exercises of the class of 1920. The first formal function, directly connected with the inauguration of Dr. Gray, was the complimentary dinner tendered to the delegates and guests in Chase Hall on Tues- day evening, June 22. Assembling at 5.30 the guests, trus- tees, and faculty exchanged greetings and joined in an Inauguration informal discussion of topics of mutual interest. One hun- dred guests were seated at the tables and partook of the excellent dinner provided for their enjoyment. After the dinner Professor Hartshorn, officiating as toastmaster, called upon the guests of the college for words of greeting, felicitations, advice, wit, inspiration, or elo- quence as the spirit moved them to speak and gave them utterance. With the list of speakers present no one of these forms of discourse was wanting. Only rarely has it been the privilege of those present to listen to after-dinner speeches so filled with profound thought, so lightened with genial wit, and so inspired with moral earnestness. After hearing the messages from the various institutions repre- sented, one was impressed with the fact that the policies and destiny of our sister institutions of learning are under the guidance of men who see far ahead, who think deeply, and feel profoundly the import of the problems of educa- tion which they are now facing and which they are helping to solve. Among the speakers were Dean Ropes of Har- vard, President Horr of Newton Theological Institution, Dean Randall of Brown, Chancellor Jones of the University of New Brunswick, Professor Lord of Dartmouth, Professor Ham of Bowdoin, Dean Hart of the University of Maine, Professor Vose of Wellesley, Dean Porter of Clark, and Professors Crowell and Walter of Brown University. The formal exercises were concluded by Dr. Gray, who, in well chosen and well spoken words, responded to the greetings and felicitations of his guests. Wednesday, inauguration day, was an ideal one for the momentous occasion. At 9.30 the academic procession formed on Campus Avenue, in and in front of Chase Hall, and shortly before 10 o'clock, headed by the Lewiston Bri- gade Band, proceeded to the chapel. The procession entered chapel in the following order : the class of 1920, occupying seats in the front center of the auditorium ; candidates for advanced degrees, members of the faculty, the boards of fellows and overseers, specially invited guests, delegates from educational institutions, justices of the supreme judi- cial court, candidates for honorary degrees, Rev. Ashmun Bates College T. Salley, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts, Gov- ernor Carl E. Milliken of Maine, President Clifton D. Gray, and the chief marshal, Elwin K. Jordan. The boards of fellows and overseers were seated on the platform; in the front row on the platform were seated President Gray, the two governors, Dr. Salley, the chief marshal, and six can- didates for honorary degrees. The other members of the procession occupied seats in front of the class of 1920. At the conclusion of the exercises the procession left the chapel in reverse order, and the dinner procession was formed at Chase Hall on Campus Avenue, and on College Street. At one o'clock the procession of nearly 800 graduates and friends of Bates entered the dining-tent, erected in the rear of Hedge Laboratory. President Gray presided at the after-dinner exercises which were of a high order. Addresses were given by Chief Justice Leslie C. Cornish, Mrs. Ella M. Chase, 1900, Dr. Alfred W. Anthony, Hon. William F. Garcelon, 1890, His Excellency, Governor Carl E. Milliken, 1897, and His Ex- cellency, Governor Calvin Coolidge. The exercises were con- cluded with the singing of the doxology. At 9 o'clock on the evening of Wednesday, June 23, the Greek Play, presented annually by the senior class, was given on the steps of Coram Library. The play, The Al- cestis of Euripides, was given in a thoroughly meritorious manner, reflecting great credit on Professor Grosvenor M. Robinson and the individual members of the cast. The play had been postponed from Tuesday evening owing to very inclement weather. The inauguration and commencement exercises were concluded with a reception at 10 o'clock in Chase Hall by President and Mrs. Gray to the graduates and friends of Bates College. Delegates and Guests Attending Inauguration Representing The State of Maine His Excellency Carl Elias Milliken, LL.D., Governor, with his Staff Members of the Governor's Council Justices of Supreme Judicial Court Hon. Leslie Colby Cornish, LL.D., Chief Justice Hon. Warren Coffin Philbrook, LL.D. Hon. Albert Moore Spear, LL.D. Hon. John Adams Morrill, LL.D. Hon. Scott Wilson, LL.D. Hon. Luere B. Deasy, LL.D. Hon. Augustus Orloff Thomas, Ph.D., Superintendent of Public Schools Representing New England Educational Institutions Dean James Hardy Ropes, D.D., Harvard Professor Asa Clinton Crowell, Ph.D., Brown Dean Otis Everett Randall, Ph.D., Brown Professor Herbert Eugene Walter, Ph.D., Brown Professor George Dana Lord, A.M., Dartmouth Professor Roscoe James Ham, A.M., Bowdoin President Arthur Jeremiah Roberts, A.M., Colby President George Edwin Horr, D.D., LL.D., Newton Theo- logical Institution Charles P. Wetherbee, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology Bates College Dean James Norris Hart, Sc.D., University of Maine Caroline Eliza Vose, A.M., Wellesley President Howard Edwards, LL.D., Rhode Island State Dean James Prentice Porter, Ph.D., Sc.D., Clark Otuer Guests Hon. Frederick Hale, United States Senate Hon. Calvin Coolidge, LL.D., Governor of Massachusetts Hon. Walter E. Ranger, LL.D., Commissioner of Public Schools of Rhode Island Chancellor Cecil Charles Jones, LL.D., University of New- Brunswick John George Gehring, M.D., Sc.D., Western Reserve Uni- versity Director Arthur Arton Hamerschlag, Sc.D., LL.D., Carnegie Institute of Technology Thomas Lemuel Angell, A.M., Professor of Modern Lan- guages, Bates College, 1869-1902 Franklin Mellen Drew, A.M., Treasurer of Bates College, 1894-1917 Harry John Carlson, Architect of Chapel and Chase Hall Inauguration ORDER OF EXERCISES Organ : Scherzo Lemaigre Midsummer Caprice Johnston Fountain Reverie Fletcher Adagio-Sonata in E minor Rogers Processional: March from "Aida" Verdi Invocation Reverend Ashmun Thompson Salley, D.D., '75 Hymn God, our help in ages past, Our hope for years to come, Our shelter from the stormy blast, And our eternal home ! Under the shadow of Thy throne Thy saints have dwelt secure ; Sufficient is Thine arm alone, And our defense is sure. A thousand ages in Thy sight Are like an evening gone; Short as the watch that ends the night Before the rising sun. O God, our help in ages past. Our hope for years to come. Be Thou our guard while life shall last, And our eternal home. Address and Delivery of Charter and Keys, Albert Moore Spear, LL.D., '75 Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Maine The Acceptance, The President of the College Bates College 9 Addresses of Congratulation: On Behalf of the Faculty, Professor William Henry Hartshorn, Litt.D., '86 Professor of English Literature On Behalf of the Undergraduates, Olin Berry Tracy President of the Senior Class On Behalf of the Alumnae, Grace Patten Conant, Litt.D., '93 Professor of English, James Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois On Behalf of the Alumni, Oren Cheney Boothby, LL.B., '96 Inaugural Address, President Clifton Daggett Gray, Ph.D. Hymn Integer vitae scelerisque purus Non eget Mauris iaculis neque arcu Nee venenatis gravida sagittis, Fusee, pharetra, Sive per Syrtis iter aestuosas Sive facturus per inhospitalem Caucasum vel quae loca fabulosus Lambit Hydaspes. FIFTY-FOURTH COMMENCEMENT Address to the Class of Nineteen Twenty President Gray Conferring of Degrees Conferring of Advanced Degrees Conferring of Honorary Degrees Announcement of Honors Benediction Reverend Ashmun Thompson Salley, D.D., '75 Recessional 10 Inauguration Invocation by Reverend ASHMUN THOMPSON SALLEY, D.D., 75: Our God and our Father, we bow before Thee and ask Thee to accept our adoration. We are put under profound obligation to Thee this day, God, by the beauty of the morning and the glory of Nature, and by the peculiar cir- cumstances that call us together. We thank Thee that we are assured that we live and move and have our being in Thee, that Thou art not far from every one of us, guiding us, directing our footsteps and planning our lives for us, that Thou also not only art related to the individuals as Father, but art related to so- ciety and the world in a very peculiar way, working upon the hearts of men by Thy spirit and Thy truth expressing themselves in the aspirations of men and in those strivings for better things in the upward movements in Nature and among the nations of the earth. We rejoice in it all, our Father, and our minds are carried back this morning to the early days when our fathers and our mothers toiled and sacrificed, and with prophetic vision, laying the broad foun- dations upon which they built the institutions of society and that government which to-day are our joy and the safe- guards of our lives. We remember them with gratitude, our Father, we honor them in our memory. We thank Thee that among these institutions in our land is the college in honor of which we meet to-day, and that, planted as it was by men and women who gave their very lives for its up- building, planted as it was by faith in God and love for men, it has grown with the years and enlarged its numbers and its facilities for usefulness, and that there have gone from its halls great numbers of young men and women, in- spired to nobler ideals and a high purpose to do the world's work. We rejoice, our Father, that that one period has closed and closed so gloriously, and that the memory of him who stood at the head of this institution is with us this morning, and we reverently recall his name in our minds. We are Bates College 11 glad that that one period has closed in glory, and that we begin on another under most auspicious circumstances, and we pray that now that we start out it would seem almost as if anew, may the blessing of God in a very peculiar way rest upon this institution, upon the leaders of the institution and upon him who, in the providence of God, has been called upon to lead. We pray that his leadership may be not merely a leadership of men, but a leadership under the influ- ence of Thy divine spirit. And we would pray for those who are the teachers and officers and the guides of this institution, and we pray especially for those who are to go out from these halls, and who perhaps will come back only now and then, but are to mingle in the great world, assum- ing their tasks in life, to take their places in the world and to do their work; we pray for them. Our Father. May these young men and young women feel called to God, and may all their nobler physical and intellectual powers be so developed that they shall be among those who shall lift up the standards of life in the nations and among the nations of the earth. We ask it all in the name of Jesus Christ, Our Lord. Amen. Address and Delivery of Charter and Keys, By ALBERT MOORE SPEAR, LL.D., '75, Justice of the Supreme Court of the State of Maine : Mr. President: Fifty-six years ago, by act of the legislature, a charter was granted for the incorporation of Bates College. Like many other achievements, the college had its origin in mis- fortune, in the burning of the Parsonsfield Seminary, the leading Free Baptist educational institution in the State. At that time Rev. Oren B. Cheney was pastor of the Free Baptist Church at Augusta. Recognizing the long- standing need of his denomination for larger educational facilities he conceived the design and consummated the plan for establishing the Maine State Seminary at Lewiston to 12 Inauguration supply the loss of the Parsonsfield school. Of this new insti- tution he was elected principal. Dr. Cheney was a man of broad vision, sound judgment and great energy. In his temperament he combined brains with business ability in an unusual degree for a man trained for educational and literary life. He was neither a theorist nor a dreamer. Under his management the seminary at once met with great success. In this school Dr. Cheney con- ceived the beginning of a larger institution and with char- acteristic foresight and energy he made it the foundation of Bates College. Non-sectarian, it was the policy of the college to indulge the broadest toleration of religious liberty. Profes- sors of different denominations were always represented on the faculty. Moral not religious compliance was the stand- ard of the student's duty. Neither denominational nor religious discrimination was ever allowed to affect the standing of a worthy student. The charter holds no limitation of creed and the college has always stood upon the broad basis of true merit and moral worth. With the conception of enlarging the seminary into a college Dr. Cheney also cherished the desire of enlarging the college to a broader work, and confidently introduced a policy much in advance of his times. He believed that the country girl as well as the country boy should have the advantages of a college education. Bates accordingly opened its doors at the beginning to co- education, the first college in New England to take that ad- vanced step. The success of this innovation has fully vin- dicated the wisdom of his foresight. In round numbers 900 girls have already graduated with honors even with those of the boys. The general policy of the college under Dr. Cheney was broad and comprehensive. It made no attempt to proselyte. Its early faculty as well as its President were men of broad views and liberal ideas. They demanded honest effort. They tolerated nothing less. They quickly eliminated the shirk. They recognized the boy of ability and not the plug Bates College 13 for rank. They sought to discover the student's adapta- bility and direct his mind in its natural channel. They stim- ulated a desire for general information rather than mere efficiency in text books. To this end they established prizes for many kinds of collateral work and especially for proficiency in the art of debating. Proficiency in this art perhaps more than any other college achievement demonstrates the breadth of col- lege training. In debate, the success of Bates has been phe- nomenal. One of the crowning features, however, of Bates' achievements is found in the just and equable spirit with which she has regarded the humblest boy on an equality with the proudest and has never turned from her doors a worthy boy or girl because of poverty or want. Though poor her- self she has always found a way that led to help. Thus the policy of the college became well established under the long and useful administration of President Cheney. For 30 years he gave the best efforts of his life for the establishment and success of the college. He then wished to be relieved from the burden which he felt a younger man should bear. In September, 1894, George Colby Chase of Bates, class of 1868, was inaugurated as President of Bates to succeed President Cheney. The college had attained every anticipated success up to this time, but its real growth and expansion were yet to come. Dr. Chase proved to be a remarkable adminis- trator. Like Dr. Cheney he combined great executive with great intellectual ability. While the college was well estab- lished when he took it, it was nevertheless but a beginning. Through his untiring efforts in the 25 years of his ad- ministration, the growth of the college was almost phe- nomenal. In 1894, the college had 585 graduates, 167 stu- dents and 9 officers and instructors. In 1920, it has nearly 3000 graduates, over 500 students and 39 officers and in- structors. In 1894, the college library contained 11,637 volumes, in 1920 about 50,000 volumes. In 1894, there were only five buildings devoted to college purposes; now there 14 Inauguration are 17. In 1894 the current income was $27,000 ; in 1919, it was over $124,000. In 1894 the graduating class num- bered 22 ; in 1919 it numbered 100. The campus with its trees and buildings; the athletic field; scientific outfit; dormitories; heating plant; and the many other appurtenances, nearly all of which have been additions in the last 25 years, must speak for themselves, as time forbids a further enumeration. In fine, the general policy of the college was followed by President Chase, although of course many modifications necessarily intervened. Athletics, however, should be men- tioned. President Chase while heartily approving of all college sports entertained positive views with respect to the relative standing of scholarship and athletics. Athletics, instead of being incidental as they formerly were, have now become an essential part of college life. But the misfortune is that scholarship and athletics often seem to be in compe- tition for supremacy. In many colleges the athlete is the hero. It has, however, been the policy of Bates that her athletics should ever remain subsidiary to her mental and moral culture, — a tributary, not an end. No student has ever knowingly been admitted for his athletic ability unless he was also able to pass the requisite literary test ; nor has he been permitted to continue in athletics at the expense of his studies. He has been required to elect between success in recitation and success in the field. And no occasion has yet arisen in the exigency of athletics sufficient to secure a relaxation of the rules. Yet Bates has attained a respectable standing among the colleges of the State. What is better, I believe she has gained the respect of her associates for playing the game fairly and in a sportsmanlike way. In the great war the patriotism of Bates was magnificent as was that of every other college in the State. There was no rivalry among the colleges in that regard. Emulation was buried in the spontaneity of the response to the call of duty. And once again it has been demonstrated that education fixes responsibility, that refinement gives birth to courage Bates College 15 and that in college discipline must rest the future hope and safety of the Republic. I have referred to some of the accomplishments of Dr. Chase, the President. Limited as my time is I feel impelled to refer to Dr. Chase, the man. He was a Christian gentle- man; a striking personality; an eminent scholar; a master of English expression ; persuasive in speech ; of impressive sincerity; a great executive; a wise administrator; demo- cratic yet dignified. Suffice it to say he impressed all with whom he met with that dignity of bearing and nobility of character which were the true characteristics of his life. But, Dr. Gray, notwithstanding the distinguished ca- reer of the two men who for more than 50 years shaped the course and controlled the destiny of this college, we turn in full confidence to you with implicit faith that your ad- ministration of the college will suffer no adverse criticism in comparison with that of your eminent predecessors, but on the contrary will imbue the institution with a spirit of increased zeal and renewed efficiency. I have referred to the ideals and policy of the college not that they are infallible or even the best, or that our pol- icy will be your policy. In no respect do the trustees wish to impinge or hamper the fullest exercise of your manage- ment and control or interfere with the functions of your office. On the contrary, I do not hesitate to assume the respon- sibility of saying that you will receive the active assistance of the board of trustees and its committees who will give you an intelligent and cordial support and co-operate with you in the discharge of your duties with enthusiasm and zeal. But the Board of Trustees are not your immediate co- adjutors. Upon the professors and instructors you must rely for daily inspiration and support. And again I do not hesitate to asseverate with assurance that you will receive the hearty co-operation and generous assistance of every member of your faculty. In behalf of the trustees I ought to say further, that we believe with confidence that you will find yourself surrounded by a class of m,en whose individ- 16 Inauguration uality and personality will at once convince you of their eminent fitness as well as of their devotion and good will. No man can live unto himself alone. No college can live unto itself alone. Therefore in inviting you to become the President of Bates College, we are giving you a welcome to a community within the precincts of which Bates is for- tunate to be located and of which she is proud to become a part. Most intimate and cordial have been the relations between the college and the twin cities of Lewiston and Au- burn. The dominating atmosphere between the college and the towns has always been one of mutual benefit and social regard. We also welcome you to a State of unique facilities. It was the first land settled on the New England coast. It is unsurpassed in scenic beauty. Its population is small in pro- portion to its area. Its people are largely native. It con- tains no populous city. It more fully preserves the tradi- tions and spirit of Puritan life than any other common- wealth. Its people are industrious and law-abiding. In peace it is liberty loving. In war it has always been among the first to respond. Its rugged soil has produced rugged men. Its influence has been greater in proportion to its numbers than that of any state in the Union. The wresting of a livelihood from its hills and valleys has bred contempt for idleness and ease. It is this state and these fields of toil from which will largely come to you the boys and girls, crude and unpolished as the figure that lies hidden in the block of granite, ready to be shaped by the sculptor's chisel, and as easily suscep- tible of being transformed by the skill of your guiding hand into models of refinement and usefulness. We also welcome you to a state in which your associate colleges will extend to you a cordial and friendly greeting. Old Bowdoin, as we call her in terms of endearment, is the dean of our collegiate institutions. Her standing forbids any encomium from me. The scholars, the poets, literary and scientific men, the statesmen and jurists whose names are written in the literature and history of the world will ever stand as a living tribute to her world-wide fame. THE CHAPEL Bates College 17 At the head of this college you will meet with an asso- ciate in whose character and attainments is represented all that is highest and best in the history and traditions of this old institution. President Sills is a true friend of your college. Colby College comes second in the count of years. Next week will be celebrated the 100th anniversary of the found- ing of the college. The accomplishments of this splendid old institution are second to Bowdoin only in degree. Her name, too, has become famous through the world-wide achievements of her scholars, statesmen and jurists whose attainments are indelibly written in the chronicle of the state and nation. We are honored today by two of her most distinguished sons in the presence of Mr. Chief Justice Cornish and Mr. Associate Justice Philbrook of the Su- preme Judicial Court of Maine. At the head of this time-honored institution is President Roberts, a graduate of Colby, under whose wise and effi- cient administration, liberal views and commanding per- sonality the college has attained the most successful period of its history. You will find in him an accomplished gen- tleman, an agreeable associate and a true friend of your college. Last, but not least, there exists in the eastern part of our State that younger and progressive institution known as the University of Maine. This is a State institution and covers a wider scope in its field of instruction than any of the other colleges. It has done and is doing a splendid work in furnishing our boys and girls an opportunity for practical and technical education along the lines of engineering and agricultural pursuits. At the head of this institution in which the whole state feels it has just cause for pride is President Aley, whose administration has been most successful and whose ability, activity and aggressive stand upon all questions affecting the moral, national and educational interests of the State have made him a force in stimulating regard for the public welfare. 18 Inauguration Urbane and sincere, he will be found in most friendly relations with your college. Thus, Dr. Gray, I have briefly introduced you to the environment into which, by accepting our call, you have chosen to come. It now becomes my pleasant privilege in behalf and by authority of the trustees to present you with the charter and keys of the college. It will often be your duty to inter- pret the law and rules by which the affairs of the college are supposed to be governed. The theory of the law and the application of the law are not always compatible. There- fore, in suggesting a guide for the application of the rules and regulations of the college to particular cases, I am un- able to recall a sounder maxim than that wisest of sayings inscribed in the holy scripture: "The letter of the law killeth, but the spirit of the law giveth life." The key is the symbol of your office. It invests you in authority and control as the head of the college. May your dominion be wide and salutary, and may you ever bear in mind that you may command in the stress of your endeavors, which is sure to come, not only a board of earnest trustees and a faculty of able men but also a graduate body of 3000 men and women whose loyalty to the college, and whose allegiance to your administration, when weighed in the bal- ance, will never be found wanting. I assure you, Mr. President, that it is with emotions of supreme satisfaction that in behalf of the trustees and fac- ulty I now have the honor of consigning to your care and your custody the life and hope of the college in the years yet to come. In accepting the delivery of the Charter and Keys the President said: "In receiving these symbols of authority and respon- sibility from your hands as the representative of the Board of Fellows and the Board of Overseers of Bates College, I do hereby and hereon undertake a most solemn obligation to fulfil this great trust, to the best of my ability, with the help of God." Addresses of Congratulation On Behalf of the Faculty, By Prof. WILLIAM HENRY HARTSHORN, Litt.D., '86, Professor of English Literature: Mr. President: There are times in the history of men, of institutions and of nations when circumstances combine to make a given day or moment seemingly of more importance than multitudes of ordinary days or moments, when the current of life seems to hesitate, as if uncertain in which direction to flow, which channel to take. Such a time has now come in the history of Bates College. To-day you are formally inaugu- rated as its President. It is a day fraught with the deepest interest and most momentous results both to you yourself and to the college. To the college it means the coming of new life, of broad views, of ripe experience in varied fields. It means new vitality, fresh vigor and increased strength. It means the beginning of the third chapter of its history, a chapter on which I believe the future historian will love to linger, a chapter rich with material success, with intel- lectual achievement and with moral progress. To you it means a renewed call to service, scope for the fullest exer- cise of all your powers, an opportunity to realize your ideals and to impress those ideals, through your own efforts and through the efforts of those whom you may be able to influ- ence, upon the world, which needs them. It also means unremitting labor, heavy burdens, serious and at times, perhaps, seemingly overwhelming responsibility. But with these come satisfaction and joys that may bring a large measure of recompense. At such a time as this, it is your privilege and your right to demand and receive the most hearty support, the most cordial co-operation, on the part of all those who are in any way connected with the institution or interested in its welfare. 20 Inauguration A college consists, you may say, of a president and trus- tees, the faculty, the graduates, the alumni and its friends. No one of these can fail in duty without disastrous conse- quences. Of all these classes the faculty are not the least interested in its prosperity and success. They are a vital part of its organism, and, as the years come and go, they become a part of it ; it becomes a part of them. Their lives are so entwined with it that the two are practically identical. The faculty of Bates College, more perhaps than in most institutions in these days, is a permanent body. Most of the men who come to it come, not with the idea of making it simply a stepping stone to a higher position, but with the intention of giving their life to its service. Six of its mem- bers, all of them young men, all of them feeling that they are just establishing themselves in their profession and looking happily to the future, have given to the college a combined service of more than one hundred and sixty years. They represent at least half of the ideals, for whatever they may fail to know about high thinking they make up by rich experience in plain living. They have in their body no castes, no cliques, no divisions. They are all one great fam- ily, of which you at this time, by virtue of your position, have become the head, thus assuming this responsibility more quickly than is Nature's usual custom. This faculty to-day, through me, pledge to you its loy- alty, its faith and its honor through the years to come. Again, a college consists of the material and the imma- terial, the seen and the unseen, and the immaterial and the unseen are of more importance than the material and the seen. Bates College, although comparatively a young and small institution, has its spirit, its ideals and its traditions. Its past is secure. It is your inheritance. It is your duty to preserve to the best of your ability all that is best, all that is noblest in the past. To this you will add your own achievements to enrich and enlarge all that the college may stand for. The first President of this institution. Dr. Oren B. Cheney, chose for the text of his baccalaureate sermon at the beginning of three successive decades : "First the blade. Bates College 21 then the ear, after that the full corn in the ear." He planted the seed and saw the blade. The second President, Dr. George Colby Chase, saw the ripening ear. May it be your good fortune to see, under your ministrations, the full corn in the ear. (Applause.) Address on Behalf of the Undergraduates, By OLIN BERRY TRACY, President of the Senior Class : President Gray: It is my joyous privilege to extend to you the hearty welcome of the undergraduate body of this college and to assure you of the genuine pleasure and pride they all feel in you as the chosen leader of our Alma Mater. I do not need to tell you, Sir, that this college was born in great days, and fathered by men of great heart and spirit, for you are fully aware of those facts. The aim of Bates has always been, and will be — I am confident — nothing less than to train and give to the nation and the world leaders of intelligence, heart and conscience. Hardly do I deem it necessary to say that Bates men and women love their college devotedly, and are unsurpassed in respect to loyalty. Indeed, how could it be otherwise. It is impossible to be associated for four years with Bates, and not fall in love with these beautiful grounds, these shady walks, these halls and buildings — and above all with the priceless associations of friendship connected with them. One cannot but reverence the history, the traditions, the ideals of Bates — all replete with elements of romance. So each and all thrill this morning with a just pride at the thought of the achievements of those men that have directed her development, and, in prayerfulness, watched her growth. We recognize the existence of a soul in this aggregation that is known to the world as Bates College. We feel and bow to the compelling power of her standards. Her pro- fessors have been patriotic, scholarly and Christian, and 22 Inauguration have had our sincere admiration. They are earnest fol- lowers of the truth, and lovers of humanity. They have exemplified The love that seeks not self, and hath No censure for our frailty, but doth woo. By gentle arts, our spirits back into The way of truth; then sheds upon our lives A radiance that all things else survives. President Gray, we congratulate you and felicitate our- selves on your coming. We, the students, believe that in the selection of our new president the trustees have been divinely led. You seem to us to measure up to the exact- ing notions of college men and women, and worthy to follow in the footsteps of the saintly and scholarly, and beloved late President, Doctor Chase. We who are about to enter upon the active business of life and the students who will remain here longer, covenant together to bear you up in our prayers, to support you and the college with our sjrmpathy and substance, so long as the institution stands, as it does now, for scholarship plus Christian ethics. We wish for you, and dare to predict, a happy and prosperous career ; and like that of each of your illustrious predecessors in the office, may it be long ; and at the end, may it be said that President Gray strengthened the ideals that this college was founded to express ! Now, dear Sir, may heavenly wisdom be given you, as you inter- pret to the students at Bates what it really means to be an educated man. In behalf of the undergraduate body, I welcome you to the splendid fellowships and tasks of these academic scenes, I welcome you to Bates College, your college and ours. "May her glory shine while time endures." Address on Behalf of the Alumnae By GRACE PATTEN CONANT, Litt.D., '93, Professor of English, James Millikin University, Decatur, Illinois : Mr. President, Friends: When I was in college — not so many years ago, as it seems to me, — ^we heard in chapel talks in old Hathorn Hall Bates College 23 and in Commencement addresses as we have heard to-day, the statement made with pride that Bates was the first college on the Atlantic sea-board to open its doors to women. I note that our present catalog announcement is phrased as follows : "From its organization in 1863," it reads, "the Col- lege has received young women on the same terms with young men, thus beginning on the Atlantic sea-board the movement for the higher education of women." To be so great a pioneer in an educational venture is a high distinc- tion, especially when we realize how contrary is such an innovation to the sentiment in the old world and to all prece- dent in the new, and when we further realize how almost universally now, outside the East, this educational plan is adopted in the newer and larger universities and colleges, even to the Pacific coast. Gratifying as the fact may be, it is not, however, its historic priority which interests the Alumnae. With a gov- ernment like ours such an educational system was inevi- table. But the fact which does greatly appeal to us is the type of co-education evolved during these fifty years which we are able, Mr. President, to offer you today. It is not perfect but it is wholesome and fine and it goes far in moulding the sane and safe type of men and women in whom you have shown your confidence and trust by accepting the responsibilties signalized by this occasion. You will discover, perhaps, two reasons why co-educa- tion approximates as closely here as it does the ideal. One is, I must believe, that while those doors aforesaid were early open to women, they were never so widely open that they could not easily close when the young woman who sought admission was not adequately prepared, or when she did not show willingness to conform to the ideals of the college, or when the number of women applying exceeded the proportionate number for Bates. This strict- ness in admission and standing has been a blessing to the women of Bates and has also been a protection to the men of Bates socially and morally and, probably, scholastically as well. The other fostering influence has come undoubt- edly from the innate, superb, and dominating courtesy of 24 Inauguration the men who from the beginning have shaped the life here and helped to develop the poise which I like to think Bates women possess and the genuine respect for women which characterizes the men of Bates. What otherwise could be the influence of such men as our beloved Professor Stan- ton, our beloved and honored President Chase, Professor Kand, Professor Hayes, Professor Jordan, Professor Harts- horn, and the others whom we of the older graduates have not known so well. We, too, as Alumnse are standing, we believe, at the beginning of a new era. Our numbers are fewer than the men's. Our men are efficient and we have heartily co-oper- ated and accepted their leadership. We will continue to do the same, but the time has come for us to share more alertly the responsibilities which particularly concern women and to contribute more definitely and more thoughtfully to the life and needs of the college. We are better organized. Through the new Alumni Council, with its paid secretary, we can more efficiently co-ordinate our efforts. We already have two representatives, both able women, upon the Board of Trustees. The time will soon come when we, like the colleges exclusively for women, shall have women of high scholarship, equal opportunity, and equal salary upon our faculty. The measure of the past of any institution is its prom- ise for the future. The past is great because the future looms under your leadership so large with promise. The Alumnse of Bates College believe in you. President Gray. Take us as we are and as we may be and lead us into a larger usefulness in this college — in this college which we love and in which we rejoice that you are placing your life investment on this auspicious day. (Applause.) Address on Behalf of the Alumni, By OREN CHENEY BOOTHBY, LL.B., '96: Mr. President: The inspiration of this occasion reaches to every grad- uate within these walls and to all to whom the information Bates College 25 of this event may go. The new application of educational principles to our disordered times has been fully dis- cussed by the experts who have by their presence honored this inauguration. I cannot attempt to state those prin- ciples with the skill which our guests possess, but to all the alumni, the significance of this particular time, this year 1920, comes with appealing force. "Why did Williams, a college placing emphasis on the humanities of education, as we believe we do, select this year in which to do special honor to its founder? Why are the principles of the May- flower compact, the Declaration of Independence and the Federal Constitution being emphasized and restated today? Are these inquiries simply because the calendar declares an appropriate time, the one hundredth anniversary of the State of Maine, the three hundredth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims? The earnest utterances of the men who have brought us wisdom from their chosen occu- pations, show that the new relationships of this day are commanding their anxious attention. Listen to Dean McCollister addressing the graduates of Tufts, to Thomas Nelson Page speaking before Phi Beta Kappa at Harvard, to Professor Winslow of Yale interpret- ing the mission and future of Technology and to our own chief executive of Massachusetts in his oration to the stu- dents of Wesleyan! These men declare with optimism and yet with warning, that supreme dependence must be placed upon education to work out with fear and trembling the salvation of our political and economic relations. Therefore, I declare to you again, Mr. President, that the alumni of Bates College know that you lead us into times of great significance. We recognize further the fact that you realize the tra- ditions of this college, that its origin, history, biography and educational associations are, to the utmost, precious to you; that you know the worth of the succession in which you stand. As the first president has been called the pio- neer, the second president the creator and organizer of the visible college, so your alumni declare that they see in you, Dr. Gray, third president, the exemplification and expounder of those ideals of education for which your pred- 26 Inauguration ecessors toiled. "The old order changeth" but your grad- uates know that in the possession of the principles of those who have preceded you, you are qualified to make Bates College a vital factor in that accord of educational institu- tions which shall interpret representative government to an unhappy and bewildered world. The alumni cannot leave this occasion without a further reference to others of those men under whose instruction many of us sat, and whose memory is precious today. The names of Rich, Howe, Hayes, Rand, Stanley and Stanton come back to us again. These men are among the cloud of witnesses who survey the course you direct and rejoice with us. So we welcome you. Dr. Gray, to the cares and the achievements of the office committed to you by the matured judgment of the governing boards of the college. Can we speak as confidently of the alumni body, whose allegiance and support I pledge to you? I fear that the over-burdened second president. Dr. Chase, must testify that the work required of him seemed often to place the president in the class of "superman." In many a grave and difficult problem, it may be that he toiled to its solution with too few hands to help and too few voices to counsel. We must make a part of the oft-repeated confession, "We have left undone those things which we ought to have done." But you, Mr. President, have been charitable to suggest that these difficulties may arise in part from lessened organization and incomplete understanding. You have testified that the spirit of loyalty is present with the alumni of the college. You know that organization of the alumni is making progress. You are placing a part of your dependence upon that body for the success of your admin- istration. With the new impulse and direction which you have given, we shall not fail in our support. Finally, Mr. President, the alumni are gratefully in accord with the mission of your office, as you have defined it. We know that behind the material resources which you rightly expect, stand the invisible ideas, the realm of mind and spirit. To the performance of your purpose, as you have so significantly and nobly stated it, we pledge our greatest endeavor and our highest achievement. Inaugural Address By President CLIFTON DAGGETT GRAY, Ph.D. Members of the Board of Fellows and of the Board of Overseers, Faculty, Alumni, Students and Friends: In accepting from the hands of the Trustees these insignia of ofl&ce, I conceive it my first duty on this occasion to set before this company some of the elemental causes which, in the course of little more than half a century, have given to these emblems of responsibility their present significance. Josiah Royce once said that the study of history is the beginning of creative wisdom. Today, as we stand on the threshold of a new epoch in the life of Bates and face the future with high hope, we do well to pause for the inspiration and instruction that lie in our past. Perhaps the most remarkable thing about the latter is its brevity. It seems almost incredible that within the memory of some of our guests today pine stumps and swamp land had not yet given place to this beautiful campus and its stately buildings. They existed — but only in the creative mind of the man whose mar- velous energy and prescient vision led to his election as the first president of Bates College. The adventurous spirit of this Free Baptist pioneer in Christian education laid the foandations broad and well. In the midst of stupendous obstacles, facing often an indifference deadlier than active opposition, he "carried on" for more than a quarter of a century. When, finally, Oren Burbank Cheney put off his armor — to use his own words on that memorable twenty-second of September, 1894 — what he turned over to his successor was not a vision but a reality, a reality that possessed form and substance and in which, best of all, was the breath of life. At that time the physical assets of the institution were a campus of fifty acres, six buildings, a seventh in the process of erection, and a permanent endowment of $300,000. The second president of Bates College, like his predecessor, was a man of outstanding faith. The story of his administration during the last twenty-five years reads Uke a modern Eleventh 28 Inauguration Chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews. His task was that of building upon the broad foundations laid by the first president. That he built wisely and well is seen in the almost unprecedented expansion which has taken place during these years. The six buildings have grown to eighteen, the faculty from nine to thirty-eight, the student body from 167 to 500, the alumni body from 600 to more than 2300, the $300,000 endowment to nearly $1,200,000. The inscription in St. Paul's Cathedral referring to its architect. Sir Christopher Wren, might well be written of George Colby Chase, whose great heart somewhere in the fair fields of God is beating with our hearts today: " Si monumentum requaeris, circumspice." There is no more inspiring section of American history than that which relates to the growth of all our pre-revolutionary colleges. In those pioneer days men were accustomed to a degree of sacrifice which the average man of today can not con- ceive, much less endure. The first president of Brown Uni- versity, James Manning, had no salary at all for a time, serving as pastor of the church at Warren, R. I., in order to keep him- self alive. After he did receive a salary, it was frequently in arrears and he was obliged to cultivate potatoes and other vegetables to save himself from starvation. Long after the revolution, when Francis Wayland was in the zenith of his power and reputation as president of this same institution, the total college endowment amounted to but $31,300. No less heroic, however, have been the labors and sacrifices of those faithful men who have built themselves into this noble structure. Even today, in the midst of a civilization of abounding resources, the avocation of agriculture still serves to supplement their all too meager incomes. Teaching, like the ministry, has always been an altruistic profession. If the day ever comes when it is not, alas for our educational institutions and for society itself! No one can turn over the pages of these fifty and more years of our history without realizing that Bates College has been running true to form and has in no degree been behind her sister institu- tions whose foundations reach back into those pre-revolutionary times when wealth was as rare as poverty is today. The significance of these symbols of authority which have been placed in my hands rests not alone in the fact that I am to become the responsible custodian of nearly $2,000,000 worth of property. This is truly important, but by no means of greatest Bates College 29 importance. " The things which are seen are temporal, but the things which are unseen are eternal." The builders of Bates College have left to our charge what is both more enduring and more worthful than the commodious and substantial buildings that adorn this campus. These alone — even with Mount David, "beautiful for situation" — would have been merely a body without a soul. Without ideals a college is dead, be its endow- ment ever so large or its equipment ever so extensive. With ideals, a college, be it ever so poor, is a living force. But our foimders have done more than bequeath us ideals. The ideals left by them have already — within the short space of fifty years — come to be traditions. To these traditions we do well here and now to pledge anew our unfailing loyalty and devotion. They constitute the most precious part of the trust that has been committed to our care, for it is through none other than these ideals that Bates has made her most significant contribution to the day and generation she has attempted in some measure to serve. Democracy and Simplicity One of our strongest traditions has been the emphasis upon democracy and simplicity. These ideals are closely related. It is difiicult to conceive of one imaccompanied, at least in some degree, by the other. At the very outset, our insistence upon the democratic ideal led to the adoption of an advanced position with regard to the admission of women upon equal terms with men, resulting in the honorable distinction of our being the first college in New England to carry our democracy beyond the barriers of sex. Those first women students were brave indeed! Their presence was grudgingly allowed and often attended with ridicule and open antagonism. To the natural conservatism of New England, co-education in those days seemed like a strange exotic transplanted from the progressive prairies of the West. It is no mean accomplishment to have been among the protagonists of the modem feminist movement which is really a part of that larger drift in the direction of democracy that is coincident with the growth of the American republic among the nations. This fundamental feeling for democracy so characteristic of our history has surmounted other barriers besides that of sex. The color line has never been drawn in this institution and no one has ever found our doors shut in his face because of race or creed. 30 Inauguration Catholic and Jew have found in our classroom a welcome and an opportunity equal in every respect to the opportunity and wel- come offered to those of Protestant faith. In these days, when in some quarters it is hailed as a new discovery that the word "democracy" may have other than a poUtical significance, it is well to bear in mind this little group of idealists at Lewiston who for more than half a century have been not only teaching but actually putting into practice a theory of democracy that has been by no means limited to the realm of political action but whose social implications have run directly contrary to some prejudices as deep-seated as any inherited by this age or by any other. No one can doubt that our traditions of democracy and simplicity are closely related to the positions which have been consciously taken in the matter of our mission to students of limited means. There has never been a time when a large proportion of the undergraduate body was not engaged in various occupations, most of them gainful, all of them laborious, for the purpose of earning their way, in part or in whole, during their four years' residence. It has been the constant and studied policy of Bates to spare no effort to be helpful to students struggling with poverty. To this end, the founders felt it incumbent upon themselves not only to provide opportunities for remunerative employment and supplementary aid through scholarships but to see to it that the poorest young man or woman found here a happy college home. For this reason they steadfastly opposed the creation of artificial barriers or distinc- tions. There were to be no cliques and no secret fraternities, for these were thought to be essentially undemocratic and, while they might have a useful function in other institutions, their presence at Bates, where so many were working their way through college, could serve no good end. Educational Ideals Another of the ideals that has ever been held before us is the nature of the educational task to which we have set our hand. There has never been a time in our brief history when our vision has been obscured as to how we could function most effectively as an educational institution. We have never wished to be other than a small college. While we have never yet set exact bounds to our student body, we have tacitly agreed that it must not be Bates College 31 so numerous as to interfere with those ideals of personal rela- tionship between teachers and students which we regard as essential to the best educational method. We have had, there- fore, no ambition to become either an overgrown college or an undersized university. It is true that we have been more or less affected by the developments of the last generation in higher education. Our curriculum has given a larger place to modern languages and to the sciences than they once had, while psychology, sociology and political economy have been received hospitably alongside of older disciplines. Radical as we have been in some directions, we have been strangely conservative in the matter of the curric- ulum. It may be that our limited resources have saved us from the temptations to which a wealthier institution might have succumbed. We have felt that it is no part of our task to give our students a bowing acquaintance with fifty-seven varieties of knowledge. We have never been anxious to have our conspectus of courses look like the carte du jour of a metropoUtan hostelry. Those students — of whom there seems to be an increasing num- ber — who set more store by hors d'oeuvres and French pastry than by meat and potatoes and bread and butter probably find our intellectual menu too restricted. This is neither the time nor the place to enter into the discussion of the merits and demerits of the elective system, but it is a matter of satisfaction to observe that, in these days when the pendulum is swinging away from what a distinguished educator has called d la carte education, it is swinging back to the position to which Bates has consistently held for many years. Our conservatism is discoverable not only in the subjects taught but in our methods of teaching. I have yet to find among our faculty an advocate of painless education. While it is true that to some extent we have made use of the lecture method in the class room, we have not believed in keeping students too long on diets of predigested food. The methods of the German university, however desirable for mature investigators, have never seemed to us to be adequate for the training of young minds still in the plastic state and needing the more rigorous regimen that is possible through other and older-fashioned methods. On the whole, we have held to what Dean Briggs calls the "old, resolute education," which believes that "the 32 Inauguration mind should follow the bent of the study rather than that the study should follow the bent of the mind." Unhke some of the newer kindergarten methods that camouflage the multiplication table by playing "London Bridge" or ''Going to Jerusalem," it has not been as a rule necessary to introduce knowledge sur- reptitiously into our classrooms! The greater part of our stu- dent body has come here with serious purpose. The ycung adventurer who wastes his father's substance in aimless living does not find at Bates a congenial atmosphere. We have not had to meet the problems which some other institutions have been obliged to face, growing out of the presence in ever in- creasing numbers of young men who come to college for no better reason than that "it's the thing everybody in our set does" or because their fathers did. Relatively unknown here is the habit, indulged in by so many youth — whose present usefulness is apparently limited to their serving as artists' models for setting forth the merits of certain fashionable clothes — of prolonged mental fasting, followed by a brief period of forcible feeding at the hands of experienced tutors just before the finals. We give a wholesome place to athletics and to what is called "college life," but we do not allow them to become disproportionate interests. To use the expressive figure of President Wilson, "the side shows have not swallowed up the circus." We are still old-fashioned enough to believe that a college is primarily an educational institution! Emphasis on Vital Christianity The last, and most treasured, part of our heritage is our traditional insistence upon the maintenance of a vital Christian atmosphere in everything that is connected with our institution. This has not been due to the fact that Bates College is the con- tribution to Christian education of a small denominational group or to the farther fact that, like so many of the older collegiate foundations in New England, we came into existence by reason of the demand for an educated ministry. Such an origin is no sure guarantee for the perpetuation in after years of a vital Christian atmosphere. There is even less ground for assuming that our traditional attitude toward Christianity is the outgrowth of some creedal interpretation of it. On the contrary, the original charter of this institution, granted in a day when denominational lines were very sharply drawn, contains not a solitary word ..-»l^- PARKER HALL .7T-. , i-CV ••• >;.. y^ ■•*• " '*'^'^^B ^^HH^B '■^ ■■^Jr ' ^^I^IN |-m'; ■■'■• -^lip? €%;g wHKl ■5W- |K|g Ifi- ■■■"^*f' 'S - ' 'TSs' j^ __, :, 4- H - ■ - i* *. '*.• i .5 tij r-1 P^' i*> jM -m 1^- ^4-iLll 39 WffirMftftiiiiiitiiiiiiflittiiiii ft>iia_^^... , . (C) M 1 L L S O 'T, ■: t -J VV 0" D HATHORN HALL Bates College 33 hinting at denominational restriction. Ten years before this time, Maine State Seminary, out of which Bates College grew, was founded. Its charter was written by Ebenezer Knowlton, the grandfather of the present Governor of Maine, and this is hovt he describes this feature of his work: "Not a line in it shall be sectarian or even denominational. The school, God wilUng, shall be dedicated to evangelical Christianity." Such cath- olicity as this seems the more remarkable placed over against a picture of the prevailing religious habits of the times. Less than twenty years before, for example, Edward Everett Hale, then an undergraduate at Harvard College, wrote in his diary, under the date of May 27, 1837, the following: "Called to Prexy's study and informed that I had been reported to the faculty for wearing a coat of illegal color on Sunday. I had appeared last Sunday in a dark brown one." The legalism and intolerance of those ante-bellum days have long ago given place to other and kindlier views of the relation of religion to life, for all of which we may be profoundly grateful. But in this age, when breadth of religious views is frequently indistinguishable from thinness and when conceptions of religious tolerance become at times so elastic as to permit, in institutions founded by the church, teaching that undermines faith in the Founder of Christianity and in the authority of His teachings, it is refreshing to gain inspiration from these stalwarts of a former day. The founders of Bates College, religious leaders far ahead of their generation, had caught the secret of allowing others full right to their convictions in religion while not abating one jot or tittle of their own and they were imbued with a consuming passion to make this an educational institution which people would continue to call Christian not out of a meticulous regard for historical accuracy but because throughout the entire institu- tion, on campus and in classroom, there was evident the pervasive atmosphere of a vital Christianity. Those who have followed after have carried out with con- spicuous fideUty the ideals of the founders. They have never lost sight of the ultimate purpose of education — the establishment of character and the making of that character more efficient through mental discipUne. John Henry Newman in his "Idea of a University" pubUshed in 1852 wrote on this wise, "A university in its bare idea . . has this object and this mission. 34 Inauguration it contemplates neither moral impression nor mechanical pro- duction; it professes to exercise the mind neither in art nor in duty, its function is intellectual culture." It is needless to point out in this presence that such a divorce of education from morals and reUgion as this contemplated by Newman is abso- lutely contrary to those ideals of our fathers, long ago translated into traditions, which have led us to the frank avowal of the position that education without Christianity is unsafe for the world. These, in brief, are the controlling ideals which have given to Bates College whatever distinctive character it possesses. The perpetuation of these ideals and the application of them to the new social and economic conditions growing out of the Great War, I conceive to be perhaps the most important part of the great trust which you today have formally committed to my care. I should be untrue to my deepest instincts if I did not place myself under the most solemn obligation in the presence of this company to uphold at all times and under all circumstances th se worthful ideals of democracy, of simplicity, of vital religion, of an education that makes for character — all of which are inseparably bound up with every period of our history from the hour of our birth down to the present moment. The American College — An Essential Industry This is the first commencement season in three years in which there is any indication that American colleges have resumed their normal life. Graduating classes throughout the coimtry still show in their diminished numbers the effects of our participation in the terrible conflict to which we had determined to give our last full measure of devotion. In an hour of imminent and deadly peril the nation looked to the colleges for those who should lead the new national army to victory. They did not seek in vain. Dormitories were turned into barracks and contribution was exacted from every course in the curriculum for the all- dominating purpose of the winning of the war. Professors and instructors by the hundreds left their classes and entered gov- ernment service. There will never be a more glorious chapter in our history than the one entitled "American Colleges and the Great War." Had the conflict continued, our college halls today would have been as silent and deserted as have been those of Oxford and Cambridge since 1914 and the stars on our service Bates College 35 flags would have been turned by this time into a field of gold. But happily this was not to be and today we find ourselves with our ranks but slightly depleted, ready to carry on in days of peace as in days of war. In the light of all the lessons from our past, what shall be said concerning the task of the present hour and the opportunities of the future? What contribution has our experience fitted us to make to the new age ushered in at the close of the Great War? The new age! How anyone can permit this phrase to rest lightly or unadvisedly upon his lips is beyond comprehension. There have been darker periods in our national history, but th( re has never been a time since the Declaration of Independence when the future contained so many possibiUties of fundamental change as it does at this very hour. Other generations have had to turn to books to get at the meaning of a world crisis like the breaking up of the Roman Empire or the French Revolution. This generation has only to look at what is going on under its very eyes to realize that there is taking place in both hemispheres something, the full significance of which no one is wise enough at present to estimate, but which is bound to affect for good or ill the destinies of the whole world for centuries to come. On the other side of the Atlantic, the twilight of the kings has faded into the darkness of the night. Autocracy has gone, but in its place has arisen the dread spectre of chaos and anarchy. That we can escape altogether the effects of the world disorder because of our isolated position is a vain hope. Our isolation is a thing of yesterday. The seas are no longer barriers between nation and nation; they have rather become bearers of life from one nation to another; modern methods of transportation have made them not obstructions but channels of communication. Tariff walls may keep out commodities but not ideas. The whole world is one. The colleges of the nation have never had presented to them a greater need or a greater opportunity for furnishing to the state the steadying influences of the con- structive idealism which has ever been one of their finest products. No one is clairvoyant enough to predict what lies ahead. We have begun to sail on uncharted seas. The previous experience of the race does not make us wise enough to plot out our course. We have been thrust back upon fundamentals. Even a liberal like John Galsworthy has recently declared that the only saving way is for states to reorganize education spiritually, in other 36 Inauguration words, to introduce religion — "a religion of service for the com- mon weal, a social honor which puts the health and happiness of all first, and the wealth of self second." Conservers of the Things of the Spirit According to one of the leading college presidents in the country, a college is primarily a home of the spirit, for the cultivation of the things of the spirit, and for the passing on of the spiritual traditions of the race from generation to generation. At the risk of laymg myself open to the charge of preaching, I should like to make this statement my own. I do not fail to recognize fully the place and importance of other tasks which normally belong to such an institution as this, but I call your attention to the fact that these other tasks relate to the means rather than the end, to the method rather than the ultimate purpose, and that it is possible to become so engrossed in method that we may lose sight of the dominating and continuing aim which should furnish the only justification for our existence. From the experiences of the last three years, nothing could be clearer than that the work of the colleges is an essential industry in time of war. They did both their "bit" and their best. It is equally clear that the college is an essential industry in time of peace. When I speak of the colleges of the country as the con- servators of the spiritual traditions of the race, I do not intend to disparage other great and important forces which tend to perpetuate spiritual traditions. It would ill become the head of an institution which is a product of the Christian church to utter a syllable that would in the slightest degree detract from the inestimable influence exercised by an educated and forward- looking ministry. Nor do I overlook other great factors like the press that has almost unequalled opportunities in shaping pubUc opinion and in bringing it to constantly higher levels. On the other hand, we must not confuse the professor's chair with the lecture platform or the pulpit. The spiritual treas- ures of a college are not kept in safety-deposit boxes and brought out only on state occasions like commencements or inaugurations. From the opening of the college year to the close of the final examinations, there is not a day when the teacher does not, like the householder in the parable, "bring forth out of his treasure Bates College 37 things new and old." Sometimes, when the treasure is so new that society has not had opportunity to appraise it at its true value, or when the professor himself has brought out "fool's gold," thinking it to be genuine metal, the latter gets a front- page position in the early afternoon editions with the result that the public, a large portion of which still naively thinks of "truth" and "printers' ink" as interchangeable terms, obtains a wholly distorted notion of the daily doings of the classroom, forgetting the inelegant but expressive aphorism: "Bein' good ain't news." Character Through Contagion The real guardians of the spiritual treasures which the college passes on from generation to generation are those teachers who impart something more than knowledge to their pupils. It is always easier to make scholars than men. It is through the contagion of personality and character that we are enabled most effectively to transmit these incomparable treasures of the spirit. I am frank to say that the question, "Has he written anything?" so often employed as a test of a man's fitness for a college position, does not interest me overmuch. Text-books and other contribu- tions through the printed page, invaluable though they be, do not compare in value with those intangible, but not less real, results produced by the true teacher who has been enabled to kindle the fire in another soul because his own soul was first aflame. As some one has put it, a great teacher is worth more to a state though he teach by the roadside than a faculty of medioc- rities housed in Gothic piles. It is impossible to overstate the value to society of an educational system that has for its purpose the transmission to succeeding generations of the great moral and spiritual sanctions of the race. On the other hand, it is impossible to exaggerate the menace to the world of a system of education that deifies the state, worships Weltmacht as its god and makes a scrap of paper of every moral sanction by declaring that "neces- sity knows no law." A few days after the armistice, I happened to be traveling along one of the lines of defence in Picardy, de- serted only a few weeks before by the German armies, and many times since it has seemed to me, as I have recalled those scenes of horror and desolation, that not by chance had the enemy named its main Imes of defence after the gods and half-gods of the old 38 Inauguration Norse mythology brought to life again by Wagner in his Niebelungen trilogy. The nation of Luther's day would have called its battle-lines after the warriors of the Old Testament, but modern Germany instinctively turns to its pagan deities — Wotan, the War Lord, who sought unlimited power; Siegfried, the betrayer of Brunhild, while under the spell of a magic potion. A nation is bound to make its gods in its own image if its teachers fail to pass on the spiritual heritage of the fathers. De-Chris- tianized education produces national decay and ends in ultimate disaster and death. The Christian college has for its supreme task the training of the moral and spiritual leaders of each succeeding generation. To this task we must not fail to give our best. Our Immediate Task In what I have been saying, it has been my purpose to place before you something of the significance of those invisible but none the less real forces which have brought into existence this institution and in the course of less than three-score years given to it a place in the affection of its alumni and in the esteem of the educational world of which many an older college might well be proud. I have also attempted to set forth what seems to me to be the supreme contribution of the Christian college to the age it serves and especially as related to these unparalleled days of world disorder, anarchy and unrest, from which our country may not wholly escape. But battles are not won simply by discussing war aims. It is equally necessary to face questions of strategy and tactics. Bates College is about to enter upon a new period in its history. The evidence on every hand points in but one direction. The return this week of an unprecedented number of her sons and daughters is one of the happy indications of our realization that today are being written the first sentences in a new chapter of the volume that shall bear the title, " The Story of Bates College." Our program for the future is determined in no small measure by the new economic situation. The high cost of learning is a twin brother to the high cost of living. We may congratulate ourselves upon being a corporation with something like $2,000,000 worth of property, but when we stop to think that more than one-third of this is not income-producing and that the normal charges for its upkeep have more than doubled in the last five years, and when we stop to think again that the portion of it Bates College 39 which does bring us an income — some $1,200,000 — is only the equivalent of less than half that sum before the war, we are at once brought face to face with our most pressing problem, the urgency of which I cannot overestimate. Twenty-five years ago my distinguished predecessor in this office in his inaugural address declared that the first need of the college was an endow- ment yielding income enough to meet current expenses. The need today is as urgent as it was then. The great task to which we should immediately set our hand is the adding of a second miUion dollars to our endowment. This is made the more necessary by reason of the fact that yesterday the governing bodies of this institution voted unanimously to increase by several thousand dollars the amount paid for instruction — a deserved, though of necessity tardy, recognition of the fideUty and unselfish service of as noble a group of men and women as ever served an institution like this. But we have certain material needs almost as pressing. To refer again to the inaugural address of my predecessor. In his closing words he gives us his vision of the Bates of the future: "I can see her beautiful campus (made thrice beautiful by the skill of the landscape gardener) dotted with a score of graceful but substantial buildings. I can see her gymnasium, not the humble though highly appreciated one of today, but a solid structure of brick and stone ... I can see her long coveted observatory crowning our beautiful Mount David and taking nightly counsel with the stars. . . I can see her students gathering for prayers in a chapel larger than this and dedicated solely to the worship of God." Part of this vision has become a reality, although the 'humble" gymnasium is still with us and Mount David is as yet uncrowned. I too have been seeing visions and dreaming dreams, and some day it will be my privilege to communicate them to every friend of Bates, but on this occasion it sufiices simply to enumerate the outstanding and immediate necessities in our physical equipment. The first is of course the gym- nasium which ought to be the next major addition to our plant. There is also need for a new recitation building to take care of the present serious congestion. For some time our library facilities have been greatly limited for lack of room and the addition of a new stack-room is imperative. We ought in the near future to undertake the remodelling of the first floor in Rand Hall. These with other improvements, all of which are pressing in their urgency, mean the investment of the greater 40 Inauguration part of a second million dollars. It seems to me that nothing less than this spells efficiency in the new epoch upon which we have just entered. At the present time, except for a single course given by the department of philosophy we have no work whatever in the fine arts. This is a need which has long been realized. We should establish at the earliest possible moment a department of music, not only giving courses in both theory and technique but having charge of the whole musical life of the college. Yesterday, the governing bodies of the institution voted enthusiastically to enter upon a Five- Year Program with a Two Million Dollar Goal. It may be that while we are devoting whole-heartedly our energies to the realization of this none too ambitious goal, some generous patron will see fit to endow a chair of music. There are other needs, but I do not propose to tax your patience farther on this occasion. There always will be needs — a college is a perpetual mendicant — and that will indeed be a sorry day for Bates College when she has enough and to spare. Enlarging needs ought always to be the corollary of enlarging usefulness. The material resources of Bates College are still seriously limited and she is poor, compared with the almost unlimited wealth enjoyed by some institutions of learning, but she is rich in her noble ideals and traditions, rich in the affection of those who have learned to love her in proportion as they have sacrificed for her welfare, rich in the useful lives of her sons and daughters who throughout the length and breadth of this land and across the seas are exemplifying the high ideals of con- secrated service to state and nation which they learned in these halls. Today we stand on the threshold of this new epoch in our history and we face the future years with noble purpose, with high hope and with unshaken confidence because of our faith in One whose wisdom is better than our own and because we know that the God who led our fathers will continue to guide and inspire their successors. Bates College 41 ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT GRAY TO THE SENIOR CLASS Members of the Senior Class: In this closing word, there is only time for me to impress upon your minds a single thought. You have today arrived at a climax in your experience. These are high days. Very shortly you are to go out from these halls into the realities of the struggle for life and for success. You are to take with you the things which you have learned here. Let me give you in this moment this one word of advice : Be faithful in doing the ordinary tasks of life, and in that fidelity to the doing of the ordinary tasks you will discover that you are being prepared for the extraordinary tasks, for the hour of crisis, for the time which may call upon you for every atom of energy and for every ability of mind and spirit that you have. Daily, continuous faithfulness to the drudgery and to the hard, unremitting toil of daily life is one of the best preparations for success. One day several months ago I stood on the deck of an ocean liner, by the landing stage, at Liverpool. While we were waiting for the liner to warp out of the dock and into the Mersey there came across from the other side, perhaps from Birkenhead, a ferry boat, a very commonplace boat, black with commuters that were going to their work in the great city. Some one by my side, in an officer's uniform, asked me if I knew what boat that was. I looked at her prow and I saw inscribed there the name "Royal Iris." This officer said, "I want to tell you about that ferry boat. The 'Royal Iris' and her companion boat, both of which ply back and forth and have been plying back and forth for many years from one side of the Mersey to the other, per- formed a great and glorious deed. They were the ferry 42 Inauguration boats that pushed the 'Invincible* up into the Mole at Zeebrugge," one of the instances that brought immortal- ity to the British Navy during the war. Now this ferry boat, after having participated in that one great moment of exaltation in pushing the "Invincible" up into the Mole at Zeebrugge is back again at her old task, plying back and forth, doing the very commonplace duties of carrying commuters from one side of the river to the other. You will find in that little incident something that you may well apply to your own experience. After you have been called upon, perhaps, to make some supreme effort, do not feel that it is unworthy for you to go back to the daily drudgery by which the work of the world is accom- plished, but be very sure that your experience in these moments of exaltation and your ability to accomplish a great victory have been made possible because you have been faithful in doing your day's work. May you, then, as you go out into the world and engage in your various occupations, have the consciousness each day the sun sets upon your toil that you have been faithful in the little things and that by acquiring a habit of fidelity in what seems to be least important and least interesting, your lives will be prepared for the hour of supreme need when your state, or your nation, or your God, summons you to service. Bates College 43 DEGREES AND HONORS Degrees were conferred as follows : BACHELORS OF ARTS Arey, Evelyn Winifred Barron, Julia Hopkins Barrow, Ellis Dale Blaisdell, Walter Halbert Bowman, Irene Melita Burns, Ralph Arthur Crawford, Helen Winslow Creelman, Fred Norman Crockett, Hattie Belle Edward, Vivian Beryl Gadd, Edna Dorothy Goddard, Harvey Burton Goodall, Grace Mildred Guptill, Philip Holmes Hall, James Haviland Smith Hamilton, Marjorie Louise Hamilton, Mary Josephine Hamlen, Charles Elmer Irish, Burton Walter Jackson, Vernice Ruth Kennison, Paul Hartwell Kirschbaum, Charles Hunt *Lamson, George Carroll Lamson, Josie Emerson Lane, Eloise Frances Logan, Gladys Lillian Lucas, Arthur Fletcher McCallister, Ruth McKenzie, Ernest Alexander May, Arlene Stevens Mays, Benjamin Elijah Moore, Priscilla Murphy, Raymond Edward Page, Agnes Fowler Paris, Annabel Harriet Peterson, Myrtle Annie Philbrook, Lawrence We3miouth Pierce, Elinor Shirley Potts, Harry Leavitt Rice, Albion Ramsdell Ripley, Rachel Louise Sanders, Marion Gertrude Sargent, Ida Louise Small, Wesley Alton Soule, Mildred Arlene Symmes, Eva Bernice Tackaberry, Sara Christine Taylor, Ida Alice Thomas, Marjorie Etta Tilton, Paul Josiah Tracy, Leighton Goodwin Tracy, Olin Berry Trask, Ervin Elverton Walton, Clarence Eldon Weymouth, Ethel Marion Williston, Elizabeth Reifsnyder Wood, Howard Douglas Woodman, Stanton Howe * Degree to be conferred by the President when certain deficiencies are removed. BACHELORS OF SCIENCE Buker, Gerald Holden Keyes, Rudolph Howard Dean, John Josiah Larkum, Newton Wheeler Freedman, Louis Archie Mosher, James Earle Garrett, Ransome Joseph Stetson, Charles Benjamin Kendall, Raymond Leon Voigtlander, Oscar 44 Inauguration BACHELOR OF SACRED THEOLOGY Will Soper Coleman ADVANCED DEGREES MASTERS OF ARTS John Wesley Coburn, Bowdoin, '19 Charles Henry Higgins, '15 John Archer David, '04 HONORARY DEGREES The following honorary degrees were conferred by Pres- ident Gray: The degree of Doctor of Laws upon Calvin Coolidge, Governor of Massachusetts; the degree of Doctor of Laws upon Alfred W. Anthony of New York City; the degree of Doctor of Laws upon Cecil C. Jones, Chancellor of the University of New Brunswick ; the degree of Doctor of Letters upon Margaret W. Deland ; the degree of Doctor of Divinity upon James S. Durkee, President of Howard University ; the degree of Doctor of Pedagogy upon Lorenzo E. Moulton of Auburn. The following honors were announced by President Gray: General Scholarship: Juniors — Winslow S. Anderson, Rachel S. Knapp. Sophomores — Clarence A. Forbes, Harold W. Manter, Grace P. Gould. Freshmen — Carl E, Purinton, Theodora R. Barentzen. Excellence in Public Speaking: Senior Exhibition, Prize Offered by Oren N. Hilton, 1871— Clarence E. Walton. Junior Exhibition — Edward A. Morris, Ruth Colburn. Sophomore Champion Debate — Men's Division winning team, Aurie I. Johnson, John W. Ashton; best individual speaker, Robert B. Watts. Women's Division winning team, E. Marie Becker, Mary A. Clifford; best individual speaker, E. Marie Becker. Sophomore Declamations — Alexander E. Mansour, E. Marie Becker. Freshman Declamations — Stanley A. Galvariski, Jeanne C. Bachelin. Bates College 45 Winners in Debates against Cornell and Harvard — Ar- thur F. Lucas, Charles M. Starbird, Robert B. Watts. Excellence in English Composition: Sophomore Essay — Harold W. Manter; honorable men- tion, Dorothea Davis. Bryant Prize, for best essay by Senior on "Arbitration in- stead of War" : Arthur F. Lucas. Excellence in Greek, prizes offered to Freshmen by W. Bertrand Stevens, 1906: Herbert A. Carroll, Theodora R. Barentzen. Excellence in Latin, prize offered to Juniors by Daniel R. Hodgdon, 1908 — Theodora R. Dennison. Coe Scholarship, awarded to the young man in the Junior class vi^hose scholarship and conduct, during the first three years of his course, have been the most meri- torious — Winslow S. Anderson. Election to Phi Beta Kappa : Seniors — Harvey B. Goddard, Arthur F. Lucas, Clarence E. Walton, Agnes F. Page, Marjorie E. Thomas, Ethel M. Weymouth. Election to Delta Sigma Rho: Robert B. Watts. Election to College Club : Seniors, Ralph A. Burns, Harvey B. Goddard, Arthur F. Lucas, Olin B. Tracy, Clarence E. Walton. The Commencement Dinner At the conclusion of the Bates Commencement dinner in the big tent on the campus, the assembly was called to order by the President, presiding as toastmaster, who said : Ladies and Gentlemen: We are sorry to bring this delightful season to an end by beginning the after-dinner speeches! (Applause.) You don't applaud that very much; I think you ought to laugh louder than that; I don't think you heard it! (Laughter.) Can you hear over in that farther corner? A Voice: Yes. The President: Have you finished eating? A Voice: Yes. The President: That is truly remarkable! (Laughter.) I should like, first of all, to call the attention of every one under this roof to the wonderful and unusual facilities that have been made for this great occasion that is about to come off. (Laughter.) Did you notice, as you came toward the college campus, the upheaval of the street? You did. Do you know why that is? Do you know that the gas company of this city for this special occasion (laughter) has been putting in a larger main? (Laugh- ter.) And it comes directly around to the back of this tent ! (Laughter and applause.) We are, indeed, favored. My attention was called a little while ago to the fact that I have forgotten the keys of the college. I forgot something else, but nobody seems to have noticed it. Do you recall the fact that in handing out at least two or three of the honorary degrees the exact kind of degree that was to be conferred was not mentioned? I suppose the reason for that was the fact that in preparing for the granting of the first degree, the degree of Doctor of Peda- gogy, I practiced not less than twelve hours and fifty min- utes in order to be sure not to pronounce that word "Peda- goggy." (Laughter.) Bates College 47 I heard President Lowell of Harvard say the other day that the only two permanent results of the war that have been left us were the two French words "liaison" and "camouflage." Now applying that to the present situation it is perfectly obvious that the task of the toastmaster is that of "liaison." (Laughter and applause.) I observe that your keen perception makes it unnecessary for me to carry on the analogy. I wish to make some interesting announcements. It seems to me that before we begin the real after-dinner speaking we should be very glad to know one or two things. This is the proper occasion to make these announcements lest the succeeding speeches should be so interesting that we forget them. And I take this occasion to remind this entire company that, on account of the unfavoring weather of last evening, the Greek play is to be given this evening at nine o'clock, and it will be followed at ten o'clock by the President's reception; and whether anything else follows or not — (Laughter.) Again your keen perceptions assist me. (Laughter and applause.) I only have to say this, that, it being the President's reception, we shall expect all of you to be present for at least a part of the exercises. I should like to announce also that Prof. James Raymond Brackett, of the Class of '75, for more than thirty years professor of English Literature at the University of Colo- rado, has made to this college a most beautiful gift of a collection of photographs that he has himself taken during his many travels in Greece. These photographs have been enlarged and colored and they are now exhibited in the Music Room at Chase Hall. If you have not seen this beau- tiful gift you should take the opportunity to do so while you are here. (Applause.) We certainly appreciate the thoughtfulness of Dr. Brackett in making such a valuable presentation to us. I think that possibly at the present moment we should be introduced to the youngest members of the Alumni of Bates College. I have been meeting men and women of all ages — I beg pardon — I have been meeting the Alumni and Alumnse of all classes. I met an alumnus the other 48 Inauguration day who said, "I belong to the Class of '74." "Well," I said, "that is my class," and that is true. I belong to the Class of '74. I suppose that is the yearling class. But I want to present to you — I do not see them before me, but I pre- sume they are somewhere in this presence — two of the youngest Alumni of Bates College. We are very fortunate indeed in having with us on this commencement week two of the surviving members of the Class of '67, the first class to graduate from Bates College, Dr. Arthur Given of Clermont, Florida, and Dr. Frank Eugene Sleeper of Sabattus. (Applause.) I wish these gentlemen might rise. (The two gentlemen referred to arose and were given a most cordial greeting.) One of the two : "We are old relics." The President: "Old relics," they say — but not yet in the museum! (Laughter and applause.) I am going to make the first victim of this occasion one whose presence with us we appreciate very much, and all the more because of his activities and splendid services in relation to one of the other colleges of Maine. I desire to present to you, as the first speaker, Mr. Chief Justice Cornish of the Supreme Court of Maine. ADDRESS OF MR. CHIEF JUSTICE CORNISH Mr. President, Your Excellencies, Sons and Daughters of Bates College: Some years ago, my namesake, Leslie M. Shaw, Secre- tary of the Treasury, made a Republican speech in Port- land, and he commenced by telling the story of a woman who went to see her sister's new-born child. When she came out of the room she remarked, "That is the hand- somest baby that Mary ever had, looks more like my chil- dren." (Laughter and applause.) And as I look you over here to-day, you look more like my children in old Colby over at Waterville. (Applause.) I think there is no sect that has more divisions, or that had years ago, than the Baptists. One of the first opinions I ever drew was in regard to a church up in Bridgton, CHASE HALL Bates College 49 called the "Particular Baptist Church." And we used to have the "Hard-shell Baptists," and the "Freewill Bap- tists," and I, having been connected with Colby College as a trustee for thirty-two years, consider myself a Baptist with reasonable reservations. (Laughter.) I might per- haps call myself a "Near Baptist." But to-day, in the presence of His Excellency from Massachusetts, I think we can all call ourselves Calvinist Baptists. (Laughter and applause.) 1 desire to express to you, Mr. President, in the first place, in behalf of the Court, our thanks for your invita- tion to be present on this happy occasion. We are here, all the members of the Supreme Court except two. Those two are unavoidably detained. I have seen here also two judges of the Superior Court. And why shouldn't we be here? The Bible tells us to "remember our Creator in the days of our youth." Governor Milliken has appointed every one of the eight members of the Supreme bench (laughter and applause) and all four members of the Su- perior bench, an unprecedented occurrence in the history of this State. I also wish to express to you, Mr. President, the thanks of the Court, and, through you, to Bates College, for having contributed to our bench the senior associate, Mr. Justice Spear and also Mr. Justice Wilson. (Applause.) You may give them all the applause you desire, for they de- serve it because of the thoroughgoing, honest and able work which they are performing in the service of the State of Maine. (Applause.) I am here to congratulate you, Mr. President, also on your marriage to Bates College. To use the expression of a former judge of this Court on another occasion, "We are met today to forge another link in the golden chain of a great succession." You, Sir, represent that link, and I wish to say to you for Colby, the college I represent, that you have our sincere good wishes, you have our encouragement, you have our friendship. Colleges can only live by being friends, not by being enemies, the same as men can best live. Institutions are like men; they must be friends to one another, and anything that Colby College can do for you, Sir, we shall be delighted to do. (Applause.) 50 Inauguration I have heard to-day of the past of Bates College. I have known it. I knew especially the second period of that past, the period of that great man who wrought himself into Bates College. All these splendid new buildings on this campus whisper his name. You might well call it "Chase College," and you would not be far from the truth. But, Sir, you are to-day facing the future. There is a "new face at the door." The various speakers have said a great deal to you to-day about trustees. I know something about trustees! Don't you rely upon them too much. (Laughter.) They are very often more bother than anything else. You go ahead and take your own course ; fight your own battles, win your own success in your own way. You have heard a great deal about the Alumni, and they doubtless will stand by you, but the real trial that you are going to have is before the jury of undergraduates. That is the jury you must have your case tried before, and you will succeed or fail as you win or lose your verdict from them. And I want to tell you that they are the fairest jury you can get. You give me boys and girls of the ages of from seventeen to twenty-two, and I assure you that they are a fair jury. I remember an incident at a bar banquet some years ago, where quite a pretentious judge — as a good many of us are — was puflBng himself out a little at the expense of the lawyers; he was discussing how quickly a judge on the bench could detect the merits or demerits of a lawyer. Chief Justice Peters, who sat at his side and who had a passion for pricking bubbles, interrupted by saying, "Judge, they can size us up just as quickly." (Laughter and applause.) I notice in the paper that your baccalaureate, Mr. Pres- ident, took up a subject which has lately come more prom- inently to the front. Law and Liberty. It came to the front a few days ago in Chicago under the designation of Law and Order. Coming down from Boston on the train yester- day were Governor Coolidge and his wife. A young lady said to the Governor, "Did you go to Chicago ?" Now, the Governor is very quick at repartee, as you know. He Bates College 51 speaks before he thinks — always. (Laughter.) That is his outstanding characteristic. The husband of the young lady who asked the question said, before the Governor had time to answer, "No, he didn't go, but he arrived!" (Laughter and applause.) I think the nomination of a man for the second office within the gift of the people of this country, simply on his written words and on his acts backing up those words, is one of the most hopeful signs of the day. (Applause.) The text of his sermon has always been "Law and Order." And it won out, as it always will win out with the intelli- gent, honest-minded people of this country. (Applause.) I love always to think of the two inscriptions upon the Worcester county court house in Massachusetts. Above the entrance are these words: "Obedience to Law is Liberty." And inside — attributed to Senator Hoar — are the words, "Here Speaketh the Conscience of the State Restraining the Individual Will." Now, my friends, the members of the Court are endeavoring to maintain law and order, and to restrain the individual will in the interest of general society. Sometimes there come people, you know, who would like to throw it all into the rubbish heap, discard it; just as the lady who, watching a game of tennis, finally said, "I should think you would take away that net. It must interfere with the game !" (Laughter.) That is just exactly what the courts are striving to do, to maintain law and order, even if the net sometimes seems an obstruction. And, Mr. President, just so long, in my judgment, as the courts of Maine and the people of Maine have "Law and Order," and "Liberty under the Law" for their motto, just so long shall we have not only faith in the grand old Com- monwealth of Massachusetts, our mother State, but we shall also have faith in the State where you and I were born, where we were bred and educated and where, by the blessing of God, our bones shall lie at last, in the grand old State of Maine. (Loud applause.) The President: I was interested in what Judge Cornish said about that "Particular Baptist" church. I have known a good many Baptists in recent years who were not partic- 52 Inauguration ular enough. Out in Illinois, where I have been living for seven years and more, we have a kind of Baptists that I have never heard of here in New England. They are called "Forty-gallon Baptists." I don't know whether that term, "Forty-gallon Baptists," is an evidence of their spiritual capacity, or their capacity for spirits. (Laughter.) The next victim — shall I say victim? They seem to be very happy victims thus far — ^the next speaker upon our programme will be Mrs. Ella M. Chase of the Class of 1900. ADDRESS OF MRS. ELLA M. CHASE, CLASS OF 1900 Mr. President, Honored Guests and Friends: I am very glad to speak for the Class of 1900, and also for the women graduates of Bates College. You will notice that I avoid the confusion of tongues occasioned by the English and Roman pronunciation of "alumni" and "alumnae," when I say women graduates, or, in other words. Bates girls — because you know we all claim to be girls. I wish I might be able to voice for the women of Bates College their loyalty to our President Gray and to the ideals which they cherish in their hearts for the College which is dear to them. But it would be impossible for me to do that. There never has been, since the days when Mary Mitchell made her hard but winning fight for the Bates girl, a time when those later ones of us have ever known anything but the most cordial feeling between our- selves and our brothers. So that we cannot appreciate the sentiments of the man I heard of once who, when he was graduated from college, became a teacher. When he came back to his twentieth reunion his classmates had lost track of him and they did not know just what he was doing, so they asked him for his history. He said, "You know I started out to be a teacher, and I taught for a number of years, and then a woman was chosen to succeed me, and I thought I would go into some profession where I could be more protected against the new woman, so I became a clerk in a dry goods store. I worked there for a few years, and there was a young lady who was my assistant, and my Bates College 53 employers hired her for a bit less wages than they paid me, and she took my position. Well, I thought about what I should do, and so I decided that I would go to a business college, and I went there and studied and became an expert stenographer, and I held a position of that kind for a few years. In the end the same thing happened again. I seemed to be dogged by women who came along to take my positions. Finally I entered upon my present profession, and," he said, "I think I have at last found a job that no woman will care to take from me." "What is that?" he was asked. He said, "I am painting the steeples of churches!" (Laughter and applause.) We never have had that kind of rivalry at Bates since the early days. The Bates girl is no very idealistic crea- ture; she is just like a sister to her brother, and the men who marry us — because they do it occasionally — do not marry us because they think we have impossible perfec- tions, but they like us in spite of our perfections (Laughter) — in spite of our faults — and we return the compliment (Laughter and applause), because you know we don't like people because of their virtues, we like them because they are themselves. The Bates woman is just that sisterly companion whom we still love to have in our homes. We have the old home-loving hearts, but since our homes have been extended so that they no longer are confined within four walls but take in the world, we are trying to be good sisters and good mothers to the world as well as to those within our own four walls. And I think that wholesome relationship between brother and sister, a constant standing shoulder to shoulder, a love of the same ideals, a desire for equality in service with no feeling that "I am superior," represents the spirit of the Bates woman in the world today. As Dr. Gray told that impressive story to the Senior Class this morning of that ferry boat, the "Royal Iris," which he saw at Liverpool doing the home work, the hum-- drum task, it occurred to me that it was a parable of the Bates woman. To us has come no one glorious moment to push those boats into the mole at Zeebrugge, but we have a task which requires some heroism, just because we are 54 Inauguration not called upon for the one supreme and glorious deed, but we have always just the daily routine of carrying passengers back and forth. And it is our task to have our whistle sound- ing good and clear, it is our task to see that the decks are fresh and clean and inviting, that the crew on board have something to sustain not only their bodies but their souls, because crews do have souls, and we must provide inviting food for the soul as well as for the body. That is our daily humdrum task, without at the end, perhaps, any spectacu- lar crisis in our lives. And we just want to say to-day that we want to keep our decks a little cleaner, and have a bit more wholesome, home-loving atmosphere on deck, so that the soul and body may grow together into that perfect ideal of the Bates man and the Bates woman. And so to-day as we think of our wonderful heritage, and of that task which has come to all of us, sons and daughters of Bates alike, and as we think of the glorious future that stretches just ahead of us, we rejoice that we are permitted to be the daughters of Bates College, this mother that had the vision and courage to stand for democracy, a democracy not marred by any limitations of race or sex, and that we ourselves may help to carry out these ideals, and help to make Dr. Gray's dream come true. And I am sure that I can pledge for all the women of Bates present and those to come that we will strive more earnestly for a wholesome, serviceful life — and try "to see life steadily and see it whole." (Applause.) The President : I have never believed in the equality of women and men, because I have always wanted to look up to the other sex. (Applause.) I have the suspicion that we have been eating too much. You ought to have responded more quickly to that. All your natural chivalry ought to have made your response to that instantaneous. The next speaker upon our programme is one who has long been identified with this institution, who has given to it prestige and who has spread abroad in many places the splendid record of the achievements of this college. We are glad to have him come back here to Lewiston to-day, and to receive — what I forgot to say on the commencement Bates College 55 platform — the degree of doctor of laws. It gives me great pleasure to present Doctor Anthony. ADDRESS OF DR. ALFRED WILLIAMS ANTHONY Mr. President, and all my good friends: It is a great pleasure to me to be here upon this occa- sion, and I have several excellent speeches that I might make. (Laughter.) I would like to refer to some of the by-products of Bates College that have come to my attention recently, and I hope that, by referring to them, I shall succeed in obtain- ing a very cordial welcome to some other dinner tables, the presence of which I have not yet graced. (Laughter.) Yesterday I had the pleasure of sitting at a table at which three families — the heads of the families with sons and daughters — were represented, and those three families, with two members who were absent and not at the table, had managed among themselves, as one of the by-products of co-education, to yoke up six young people in three couples, and I was permitted to examine one of the diamond rings ! (Laughter.) Now, I could turn in several directions, I could make light of that suggestion, I could be sportive about it. I would far rather be sensible. I am of the opinion that when young people together learn life's problems and acquire out of knowledge some of life's wisdom, they then are in the very best condition for establishing those alliances and friendships which are life-long. Now, why don't you applaud that, if you believe in it? (Laughter and ap- plause.) Perhaps you don't. Whether you do or not, I do. (Applause.) A Voice: "We do." I sat this morning at another table, and I heard this incident reported : Not long ago two young men of this insti- tution were under consideration by the faculty, and it was deemed wise to suspend them; indeed, to do more, to tell them not to return. And your predecessor, Dr. Gray, pleaded for another chance for them. Let me pause here 56 Inauguration to say that not long ago, while reading President Eliot's book on "College Administration," I was struck by his dec- laration in speaking of the fracases and disturbances of college life. He made this declaration out of his long expe- rience with thousands of young men. He said that, unless the physical health, the physical basis of manhood has been irrecoverably destroyed, there is hope for a young man, however serious may have been his lapses in scholar- ship or in morals. Now, I return to the incident of the morning. I learned that those two young men, whom I have mentioned, were given another chance ; and that their record now is a record of excellence, so that instead of being called before the faculty they are approved by the faculty for their fine achievements. (Applause.) Mr. President, more than honors conferred upon per- sons like those who sit at these tables, more than the public announcements which attract the attention of newspaper readers, more than the athletic contests and achievements of that character, such an incident justifies the existence of this or any other institution. To recover a young man, or young woman, who has lost ideals, is worth founding institutions for. (Applause.) That I call a by-product. Mr. President, the most precious gift that can ever be entrusted to this college, worth more than fifty thousand dollars for a library, or a hundred thousand or two hun- dred thousand for a gymnasium, or two million dollars for permanent endowment, is the gift of a father and mother who trust son or daughter to come here for an education. (Great applause.) I have been in the position not alone of a teacher, hav- ing previously been a student — and am still a student — ^but in the position of a father who has seen son and daughter go out from the home roof and step in where, when their career first began, father and mother were inclined to say as the child entered the public school, "It is like dipping our most precious possession in an ink bottle." Well, we did not know the possibilities of the democratically consti- tuted public school. The public school is not so bad as that. That statement, however, expressed the apprehen- Bates College 57 sion of our youthful parentage. But when the early school days of the child are turned into college days, then the col- lege receives from that home the most costly gift that can be made ; given for a season, to be returned, not alone with a diploma, but also with those fine ideals of fellowship and obligation which must lie at the foundation of democracy. I have in mind, Mr. President, that this democratic spirit which Bates College so finely exemplifies is a choice thing that ought to spread abroad, to flow yet more freely through this great American nation, to touch more lives and hearts than it has yet touched and bring into good-will and co-operative accord the various elements of our people who are not yet of one mind and one thought sufficiently to seek the same kind of government and the same kind of safety and protection and liberty which belong to us all. I happen to be where I face some of the great problems of our nation, problems of race adjustment and assimilation. They are brought to my attention constantly. Just now, here at table with Major Sampson and Mrs. Deland, we were speaking of our Jewish brethren, she telling a very inter- esting incident, and then we were matching with hers other experiences out of our own lives. Let me just tell you this. Not long ago I sat in a train with a Jew. I sought his companionship — scraped his acquaintance. I knew him as a neighbor of mine, knew that he was ostracised by people like me, and I sat with him in the train coming from my home to New York City, and talked with him. He said, "Do you know that we Jewish citizens of this country are as truly devoted to American principles as any one? Look at our record in the war; look at our contributions to the Liberty Loan, and to the other war purposes. But then," he said, "right here is the great trouble: We never can know you people who call yourselves the real Americans." I said, "What do you mean?" "Why," he said, "when my children go to school or college, so-called Christian children won't play with them and term them 'Sheenies.' When I wish to travel, so-called Christian people will avoid my com- panionship, if they can. When I go to a hotel and want accommodation, I am told 'All full,' and a so-called Chris- 58 Inauguration tian steps up behind me, and the clerk rings the bell — 'Front, show this gentleman to 742.' When I go into a neighbor- hood to rent a tenement, I cannot get it unless I pay pro- hibitive prices. If I buy property, property values then depreciate because I am a Jevs^." It is true. He said, "We cannot know you American people." Then I talked with one of my best neighbors, a man of large affairs, and told him of this incident. "Yes," he said, "but don't you know how the shoe pinches on the other foot? You let one into your club, and they are all in. Twenty are in, and where is your club?" He said, "If you let them come to your hotel, they will crowd it with selfishness and display; they will line up their women folks in showy attire and ostenta- tious conduct and conversation, and you will find them in the best chairs against the front rail of the piazza; and then where are the rest of your guests?" And he went on in that way. You and I might duplicate those things. But when you have said all that you have not reached the conclusion. Friends, we are thinking of convening, some time between Thanksgiving and Christmas, a confer- ence of outstanding Jewish citizens (and their names have already been selected from different sections of the coun- try), together with outstanding representatives of the Gentile and Christian side of this particular partizanship and prejudice, and have them face this situation between us and our Hebrew fellow-citizens, so that, seeing the facts, we may endeavor to discover some kind of mutual under- standing and, if possible, some remedy. Now, there are seated here some of my brethren who have a color of skin that I have not. And I face that prob- lem, too; it is a burning problem to-day. We need the spirit of democracy which sees a man as a man, for what he is in his character, and not his race or his color or his out- ward circumstances or condition (Applause), seeing a man as a man (Applause) , and then promoting the mutual rela- tions which follow the blending of ideals and the co-opera- tive action which are fitted for the ends for which our coun- try stands. We have not yet secured that liberty which we long have talked of and for which we have yearned, and we Bates College 59 cannot until we have given to every man a free opportunity to prove his vi^orth, and have accorded our fellowship to others who are seeking the same good ends. (Applause.) Mr. President, I think the most precious by-product of Bates College is that spirit which I have found, and which you will find, resides as a rule in the minds of the Bates Col- lege graduates — that spirit of co-operation and fellowship which takes all men at their worth. (Applause.) The President : The next speaker on our programme in one respect bears a very strong resemblance to the toast- master! He is a member of the class of '90. Neither of us could take part in the pageant representing "Father Time," because you couldn't take either of us by the fore- lock ! (Laughter and applause.) Allow me to present Hon. W. F. Garcelon, of Boston. ADDRESS OF WILLIAM F. GARCELON, CLASS OF '90 Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: When told by the President this morning that I must say a word upon this occasion I answered that I was not pre- pared to speak extemporaneously, and he reminded me of my pledge of co-operation. Upon finding that I was the envy of all my classmates, who desired to testify to their approval of the President and to give a greeting to the next Vice-President, I consented to speak. We are glad to give the Chief Executive of Massachu- setts, of whom I am a subject, a little more practice in inaugurations (Applause). Here to-day we are to assist in the inauguration of the President of Bates College. Now when we were in college — and since that time — the best behaved classes have been the classes of '91, '92 and '93, because of the splendid supervision which the class of *90 gave to them. (Laughter.) The President has sug- gested that all of us of the period before 1900 — I noticed it with care — might stay out until after ten o'clock tonight! He may expect our classes to land at the reception at about one A.M. (Laughter.) 60 Inauguration The President this morning said something about ath- letics, that he was not going to subordinate the athletic to the mental discipline. We all approve of it; but, Mr. Pres- ident, don't you let next year's baseball team lose the cham- pionship which this year's team won. (Laughter and ap- plause.) Let us not have any thin-blooded, anaemic men playing football for Bates next fall ! It has been stated here to-day that Bates is famous for her teachers. One of the greatest needs of this country to- day is more able clergymen and more good educators. Bates College has been singularly fortunate in her career in developing men of caliber in these two professions. That is a field in which no college is superior to Bates. Let us keep it up! (Applause.) One other word. Many of the boys and girls who come to Bates College come from small country schools where over-worked, educated men and women instruct them as best they may and prepare them as well as they can to enter the institution. Some of the graduates of Bates and other Maine colleges have come from preparatory schools that were not well equipped to prepare them for college; they come with inadequate preparation. These men, with their sterling strength and vigor and their enthusiasm and en- ergy, have worked four years in college and have had a suc- cessful college career, and they have gone out into the world and have used their force and power for good. (Ap- plause.) Let us not set our requirements too high accord- ing to the so-called educational standards; let us not set them so high that these young men and young women who come from the country and who have not had a chance for splendid preparation such as expensive private schools may give, cannot come. Let them in. Try them out a year and if, at the end of a year they make good, send them forth into the world to be a power for good among men and women. (Applause.) Only one other word. We need money. May we al- ways be poor ! May we never reach the day beyond which we must not strive! Let the poor boy come here and see the whole College struggling and fighting and developing Bates College 61 strength. Strength is developed by striving. May Bates College always be poor ! Let her graduates always feel that they should help their Alma Mater to the extent of their ability. The more they help the more they will love Bates. (Applause.) The President: The next speaker upon our programme is the most distinguished Alumnus of this College. I have the honor to present His Excellency, Governor Carl E. Milliken. ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR MILLIKEN Mr. President, Your Excellency and Fellow-graduates of Bates College: It seems natural to yield to the very pleasant sense of being just back at home among the home folks. And it seems entirely out of place and a disregard of the situation to undertake to make any speech at all. Permit me to say, speaking for you and for all of us, how very much delighted we have been in the confirmation of our judgment — which needed no confirmation — of the new leader who has come to us, in his magnificent and statesman-like utterances in the chapel to-day. (Applause.) I wonder if we realize what a serious crisis the college has safely passed through? Up to now the leadership has been in the ranks of those devoted men who, from the be- ginning, have been identified with the history of this insti- tution; and when it became necessary to secure another leader we faced a situation which everybody realized was serious indeed. It was too much to hope — none of us at the beginning I feel sure dared to hope — that it might be our good fortune to secure a man who would not only splen- didly represent the ideals of the college and a full guar- anty for the continuance of those ideals, but who would also command the sincere approval at the outset of everybody concerned. I am not going to enlarge upon this situation, but we ought to congratulate ourselves today and thank the good God who I believe led us in the choice, that we have one 62 Inauguration whom we not only admire, but a man who has taken up this great task with the unanimous approval of everybody concerned. (Applause.) This is not, Mr. President, an expression of mere loyalty induced by a feeling of duty ; it is the expression of a very sincere conviction upon the part of every one who has had anything to do with this matter and who has had the privilege of meeting you. And I say to you, and I know I echo the sentiments of the friends of Bates and those who have the best interests of the college at heart, that we ought to be profoundly grateful that its new administration opens under such happy auspices. Now a word for the State upon this occasion. We are looking towards the history of Maine in this our centennial year. And we are learning to appreciate better the history not only of this hundred years, but also that of the glorious two hundred years before that time, and the heroic period way back of the Revolution, when these hardy pioneers wrested their little clearings from the forests and held this ground as the bulwark of liberty against the rigors of cli- mate, the assaults of the Indian and the perils of that time. We look back to that history with pride, but we are study- ing it, I hope, as history ought always to be studied, not merely for the sake of congratulating ourselves on the past, but also for the sake of finding in the past, if possible, the guaranty and assurance and guide for the future. And, if we have read the history of our State rightly, in this cen- tennial year we have realized that there have been devel- oped, through these glorious years, the resources which came to the defense of the world in the period of its peril just lately passed through. In that emergency of war it was not the munitions, not the money, not even the men as the physical components of an army, but more than any- thing else it was the spirit of America which turned the tide on the western front and to which the world looked and did not look in vain. And it is that spirit, bred here under these rugged conditions of our coast with the tang of the sea in it, the whispering of the pines — it is that spirit to which we must look in the future if the perils that have been referred to are to be avoided and America is to be Bates College 63 saved ; the American spirit, the spirit of self-reliance, inde- pendent action and thinking, a spirit that honors and prac- tices honest toil, a spirit that practices thrift and true econ- omy, a spirit that reverences and obeys the law, and that spirit developed in the past as it must be in the future by intelligence and religion in the hearts of its citizenship. The State looks to us to-day, as representing this insti- tution, with more than casual interest that such a pro- gramme, a programme of this sort, may be regarded; the State looks to us in the beginning of this new era in the history of the institution with intelligence as one of the fac- tors that will be relied upon to develop this American spirit in the future. We stand or fall in America according as that spirit lives or dies. The people of foreign lands have been spoken of — those who come from other lands. We have no prejudice against them because they come from across the sea. Our own an- cestry came from over there, if we trace it back far enough. The question is whether these people come with the spirit of America, or that which may be made the spirit of America, in their hearts. That is what we want to know ; and if they have that spirit, it should be developed by the influences of our institutions. If they don't develop it and cannot de- velop it, they should be sent back whence they came. (Ap- plause.) We are realizing that every factor in our life which de- velops the real American spirit is the resource upon which we must count in solving the problems of the future, just as we counted upon the great military resources to save us from the dangers of military despotism. We honor to-day the great Chief Executive of our mother state. We honor him in his own personality, de- lightful and companionable. We honor him especially be- cause he represents in the eye and the thought of the Amer- ican people to-day that true American spirit. (Applause.) We are glad to have him with us because of the inspiration that fact brings. We have a great heritage as a state, and this college has been no small part of that heritage; and it brings with it the responsibility to other Bates men and 64 Inauguration women, wherever found, in whatever relations of life, to see to it that, just as we were loyal to America in the time of trial through which we have passed, just as our resources were placed freely at the command of the government to meet that emergency, to see in the daily task — especially in the school room, those of you who follow your vocation there — that we do what God will give us grace and strength to do to bring out in those who are given to our care the real spirit of Americanism, and to bring that spirit home to the foreigners who come within our gates. It is as an agency to that end that this college, and every college, is looked to with confidence by the government, by the state and by the nation in this crisis of the next few years. I thank you very much for this opportunity to address you. (Applause.) The President: The Governor has been saying a great many gracious things about me, and a great many other people have said similar things. I am perfectly aware that I am facing an inevitable process of deflation — especially when I get to tackling the problems of the undergraduates. (Laughter.) In regard to these very kindly and possibly very indulgent things that have been said about me I don't know but I am in the position of the young woman who had never married, but whose name had been connected in the rumors of the town with a good many eligible young men, in the course of a considerable period of years, and upon the occasion of the latest rumor of this sort getting about, one of her gentleman friends came to her for the purpose of offering his congratulations. He said, "I con- gratulate you with all my heart," and she replied, "There is not a word of truth in the story, but thank God for the rumor!" (Laughter and applause.) Well, I am thankful for these rumors that are going about concerning the new President of Bates College. Last summer I made my first extended visit to the State of Vermont. I wanted to visit my father's birthplace and find the old farm where he was born. The house was gone. I didn't know where the place was. I went to the town r^r 1 Oi gj (if C , fl t26 z o C/) fl c/1 ;s UJ fl 0) u ^ ^ o a: 'o cu > ^ (i> H tf Si Z > frl S P p UJ rj u O z 3 o ~^ UJ n S ^ tn >> ^ C ^^ o W O o u 1-1 CO Ui X o 03 h d" O P-I u. o ^— Oi H U C3 q: O n < tH "qj 3 '^ -C 'S ^ a Si W -J 0) -^^ fe» "5 -a ^ -^ ■>:; ^^ <^ o i ^ ij Is Q O Oi b Bates College 65 clerk and said, "Will you tell me where the James Gray estate is located?" He replied, "The Jimmy Gray place is up on the hill." It gives me very great pleasure to intro- duce another Vermonter who in all probability is to be the next Vice-President of the United States, His Excellency, Governor Coolidge of Massachusetts. Governor Coolidge was given a most cordial reception. When the applause had subsided he spoke as follows : GOVERNOR COOLIDGE'S ADDRESS Mr. President, Your Excellency, Your Honor — Yes, and Fellow Alumni of Bates College: I desire to thank you first for your very gracious salu- tations, and I also wish to express to you, Mr. President, and to your Board of Trustees, my deep appreciation of the fact that you have received me into your fellowship of let- ters, and granted to me the inestimable privilege of joining with you in the search for and in the study of the truth. The State of Maine has been especially cordial to me in the invitations which it has extended, through its educa- tional institutions, to be present at their commencements. I sincerely wish that it might have been possible for me to respond to them all; but that, of course, was not pos- sible. One of the reasons that I have desired to respond is because the Commonwealth of Massachusetts was for- merly a part of the State of Maine. (Laughter and ap- plause.) But as I look around me here I am sure that there is present a representative body of the educational institu- tions of this grand old state. I was especially pleased to come to Bates College upon this occasion because it is, and, if the programme outlined by its incoming President shall be carried out, is to remain a college of broad and liberal culture, a foundation upon which all other activities of human life may be based with the assurance that they may there abide. This is an age of specialists, I know, and we need spe- cialists ; but we must remember that the person who knows 66 Inauguration but one thing very likely does not know that (laughter), because we have progressed far enough in culture to under- stand that we can know the particular only as we compre- hend the general, and that we shall appreciate the meaning of the example only as we know the principle that it exem- plifies. So I am glad that you are to keep here a college of broad and liberal culture in order that you may study the great problems of life and attempt their solution. They are difficult, many of them ; but to comprehend one of them in its entirety is, very often, to go a long way towards its solution. The history of the human race has been a struggle for existence. It has been necessary for men to acquire wealth or to face destruction, and it is no accident that that ques- tion is one that presents itself to us in new and diiferent and varied forms, but always pressing for solution, for acquisition is one of the primal instincts of men, and they tell us that the "pocket nerve" is one of the most sensitive nerves in the whole human anatomy. We are continually studying economic relationship, and trying to adjust pro- duction and distribution in order to work out a fairer jus- tice between man and man. That question is not yet solved, but there are some of the general factors that underlie it which are understood and which we need to keep in mind at the present time. We need especially to keep it in mind because there are always false doctrines coming to us, false prophets and those who are preaching an easy and quick way as a solution of all our difficulties. There is not any easy and quick way to solve our economic problems any more than there is, as your President has pointed out, to solve the educational problems of the age. Our present state ought not to be unexpected to those who have made any study of history and remember any- thing of what has been the economic relationship that has followed any of the wars that America has experienced. Fundamentally, it is a question of bringing together him who has something to sell, and him who has a desire to buy. A like trouble followed the Revolutionary War, and in Massachusetts we had Shay's Rebellion, which was an at- Bates College 67 tempt to close the courts and the administration of justice in order that writs of eviction might not be issued and judg- ment entered against debtors. We had something of the same thing at the end of the war between the states, and it was an economic disturbance that pursued us for years. Sometimes the answer was sought in greenbacks, sometimes in free silver, but in both those instances, after the Revolu- tion and after the Civil War, the difficulty was that he who had something to sell could find no purchaser. The diffi- culty now is that he who has the wherewithal to buy finds it very diflficult to find a seller. But, fundamentally, the difficulty was the same in both instances of attempting to bring together the buyer and the seller. We need at the present time, as every one realizes, a greater supply of material resources, a greater supply of food, a greater supply of clothing and a greater supply of shelter, and the question that is confronting us is, how shall these be secured, how are they to be provided, in order that we may administer properly to the public welfare? Perhaps we shall make some progress if we inquire first what caused the shortage ? The war is always a convenient alibi, but it won't do to lay everything to the war. Of course we understand that it has stopped immigration, and that it withdrew men and women from our industries and from agriculture, that it made a great redistribution of wealth, that it gave people money and resources who had not been in the enjoyment of such resources before. I mean by that, that it created a demand greater than the nation had ever experienced. That meant a considerable extrav- agance and a considerable difficulty in meeting the demand. We borrowed a great deal of money in order to pay the ex- penses of the war. That money must be repaid, it must be repaid by the public and out of the production that the public has, and if a part of that production must go into the public treasury, it is a very easy example to solve to under- stand that there will not be so much left for the individuals who make up the public, to give them the materials that they need for their comfort and for their support. 68 Inauguration Now, what is the remedy? It is very easy to say that we need to increase production. It is much more easy to say this than it is to secure a remedy of that kind. An increase in production means the gathering together and the invest- ment of large amounts of capital, and that means that each and every individual on the part of the public must practice the old-fashioned virtue of thrift and economy. That is the foundation on which to begin. We need also a general and a better understanding that the investment of capital in production gives much more to the public than it does to the owner of the capital. It is much more for the benefit of those who buy any of our manufactured articles, or who receive any of the benefits of our transportation or other commercial enterprises than it is for those who happen to own those enterprises when we engage in business with them. It is much more to the advantage of the public that the factory should weave for us a yard of cloth than it is that we should undertake to weave it for ourselves, or sup- ply us with transportation than that we should undertake to supply ourselves with it. That means that the collection and investment of capital is for the public benefit much more than it is for the benefit of the owner of the capital, and the return is less to the owner than it is to the public. So that it is necessary that we should encourage, by every means possible, the collection, the investment of capital in our industries in order that we may stimulate production. I think I have said enough so that it is apparent that we cannot face our present conditions with any assurance or any thought that they can be solved by any magic remedy. It is the duty of the American people at the present time to work out their salvation, to put a greater effort into the daily affairs of life and to cease to expect that they might by any means be able to return to those easy and comfort- able conditions in the near future that they were experi- encing before the war began. And if the public can under- stand that — and I know it can — we have gone a large part of the way towards solving some of the problems that we have confronting us at the present time. Bates College 69 It is always suggested, when we begin to talk about our economic conditions, that there ought to be some way to make those with large resources pay all the taxes, and I wish that problem was as easy of solution as that, but, unfortunately, it is not, because in the end the taxes have to be paid by the public. All the large incomes are from the public, and when we undertake to say they are for tax- ation purposes, the result is that they are increased and the public has to pay. As I have said, we cannot expect to be placed in the condition in which we were before the war. Certainly we cannot expect to accomplish that condition by increasing wages all around. I am not saying that wages ought not to be increased. They ought many times to be increased, and there are those upon whom the present con- ditions bear in an especially unfair and unjust manner. But, after all, an increase in compensation does not produce for us any of the materials that we want; it does not give us an additional yard of cloth or a new pair of shoes or another pound of sugar. That is a question always of pro- duction, so that we must look to production if we are to have any solution of our present difficulties. There are times when it is necessary to fix prices, times of distress and times of public exigency that require that it shall be done, but, speaking generally, it is a dangerous oper- ation and one that we should pursue only in case of great necessity. I am perfectly well aware that there has been profiteering. There will be profiteering, but I am also per- fectly well aware that the only remedy for it is to increase the supply. There is no profiteering in government bonds at the present time, and the reason for it is that the supply is plentiful. (Laughter.) If we can provide a supply of materials that is plentiful, profiteering will cease, and there is no other way that profiteering can be met and ended. We must face this issue, I say, and face it loyally, bravely and well, as Americans face all their issues, and if we do that I am sure that we can solve our problems and solve them as they ought to be solved. We must deal justly with the wage-earner. It is just as much an injury to the public to have the employer of labor, who deals so unjustly with his 70 Inauguration employees that the result is a strike and the cessation of production, as it is if the problem is approached from the other end, and we have a like result. We must remember, too, that we need to use all the resources of the nation, the power to work, the brains of the nation and the capital of the nation. They must all co-operate one with the other, and so co-operating I know they can work out the destiny of America. It is a long, slow process, but America has never faced any crisis without the assurance that it had the power of solving it. We must all realize the duty that rests upon us to work, and we must all work for the public wel- fare and the public benefit. There is abroad a disposition to limit production.. I think I have said enough to indicate that I do not favor^that kind of proposition. And the fundamental reason is" that this world of ours is so made that it is riot profitable for a man to be anything but his best. The best that is in us is required of us at all times, and the giving of it will never work to the injury of the public or any of its individuals. (Applause.) We have accomplished a great deal; we are provided with great resources and out of them we shall- be able to maintain ourselves. But the destiny of America de- pends, not upon its resources, and not upon its powers. It depends upon the disposition of the American citizen, and disposition after all depends upon the knowledge that we have; so that we are looking to our great institutions of learning, like yours here, to give to the youth and to the public the fundamental ideas that will make a disposition that is correct and one that desires to do the best that it can. And may your college, Mr. President and members of the Alumni, continue in this great work, bearing ever aloft the torch of progress, bearing ever aloft the beacon light of true progress to America and, through America, for the rest of humanity. (Great applause.) The President : Will the audience please sit still — remain right where you are for a moment? (To Governor Coolidge) Your Excellency, on behalf of this entire company I should like to express our very deep Bates College 71 appreciation for these words of timely counsel which you, as the youngest alumnus, have brought to us. (Applause.) We have now come to the end of the trail, so far as this meeting is concerned. This has been a record-breaking meeting in the fact that, either from the great interest in the speakers or from other unusual circumstances, the usual departures have not been made. The audience has stayed to the end. Let us go forward now with high hope for the future. Shall we not now all rise and sing together the dox- ology, "Praise God From Whom All Blessings Flow?" The meeting then closed by the singing of the doxology. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 029 917 604 6 t