HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS IN IRELAND. WITH TRAVELLING MAPS. SECOND EDITION REVISED. LONDON: ^ JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. 1866. The rigid of Translation is reserved. ~0A^° ,M LONDON : PRINTED BY W. CLOWE8 AND SO¥S, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING- CROSS. / ff- r R E F A C E. The Editor lias endeavoured by personal visits and research to make tins Handbook as trustworthy as possible. He takes opportunity of offering his thanks to his many friends in )land for the help, co-operation, and hospitality so kindly tbrded him during the progress of the work. He would also ^commend the proprietors of Hotels, with a few exceptions, to offer more inducements to the tourist by an improved organisation of their establishments, particularly in the mat- ter of cleanliness. He will feel obliged for any reliable corrections, altera- tions, or additions, and requests that they may be sent to him, to the care of the Publisher, 50, Albemarle Street, London. The Travelling Map of Ireland, in two sheets, attached to this work, has been most carefully compiled by Mr. Stanford; and it is hoped will be found more complete and ful fur its purpose than any other, on the score of clearness and correctness. An elaborate Plan of Killarncy, on a large scale, will be found at the end of the Introduction. Although the following extract from a leader in the Times did no1 give rise to the Handbook for Ireland, which was nearly printed at the time it appeared, it furnishes at least a justifi- cation for such a guide-book, in pointing out how great attrac- ^ a 2 vi Preface. tions for travellers and visitors Ireland possesses, and how little they have hitherto been explored. Extract from the ' Times,' Feb. 29, 1864. . " There is nothing in these isles more beautiful and more picturesque than the south and west of Ireland. They who know the fairest portions of Europe still find in Ireland that which they have seen nowhere else, and which has charms all its own. One might suppose the island just risen from the sea, and newly beamed on by the skies— -as if sea and land were there first parting, and the spirit of light and order beginning its work ; such is the infinite confusion of surge and beach, bay, headland, river, lake, grass ; of land and sea, sunshine in showers, and rainbow over all. Thackeray doubted, and any one may doubt, whether there is in all the earth a grander view than that over Westport to Clew Bay. But the whole coast west and south, indeed all round the island, has beauties that many a travelled Englishman has not the least conception of. The time will come w T hen the annual stream of tourists will lead the w T ay, and when wealthy Englishmen, one after another, in rapid succes- sion, will seize the fairest spots, and fix here their summer quarters. They will not be practically further from London than the many seats of our nobility in the North-Midland counties were thirty years ago. Eighteen hours will even now take the Londoner to the Atlantic shore, and twenty will soon carry him to the furthest promontory of the island. There are those who will not welcome such a change upon the spirit of that scene ; but if we see in the beauty of Ireland even a surer heritage than in hidden mine or fertile soil, why may we not hope that it will again cover her land with pleasant homes, and a busy, contented, and increasing people, such as we see in many other regions with nothing but their beai/y and salubrity to recommend them?" May, 1866, CONTENTS. Introduction PAGE ix ROUTES. * * The names of places are printed in italics only in those routes where the places are described. rTB PAGE 1. Holyhead to Kinj$to>cn and Dublin 2 2. Dublin to Dr> and Dun- Ik .. . 10 3. I 'Ik to Belfast .... 30 4. Newry to Belfast, through R ■* and Do>rnpatrick . 38 5. it to 1 ... 47 6. Dundalk to Enniskillen and Sligo 54 7. Enniskillen to Drrry, by Omagh 61 8. v to Strabane, through Ballyshannon and Donegal . 70 9. Enniskillen to Pcttijoe, Done- gal, and Killybegs .... 80 tne to Letterkenny, G '% Dung low, Ardard, and Killybegs 85 11. Londonderry to Gweedore, th: :ky ... 93 rry t>< Belfast, by the rthern Counties Railway . 99 Coleraine to Belfast, by Port- rush, the G ,y, and / wtle . . . .106 14. Dublin to M . Athlone, ■ . and Galway . .119 15. - ry and Enfield to I>. a, through Trim and an 129 Drogheda to Xa>-an, Kelts, and an, by Rail . . . .142 Mullingar to Portadown, through and Arm igh 147 ir to Sligo, through '. ' - - . an I Boyle 152 oo 23. 2b. 26. ROUTE PAGE 19. Athlone to Resummon, Castle- reagh, Ballina, and Belmullet 1 59 20. Galway to Clifden, through Oughterarde and Ballynahmch 1 64 21. Galway to Ballinrobc and West- port 180 Clifden to Leenanc, }Ycstport, and Sliov) . 187 Dublin to Wexford, through Wicklow, Arklov:, and Ennis- corthy 24. Dublin to Eathdrum and Aik- low. — To u r t h ro u gh ~\ ] r ich lo w Dublin to Cork, by Gt. South- ern and Western Railway Dublin to Carlow, Kilkenny, and Water ford, by Rail . . 27. Kilkenny to Athenrv, through Parsonstown and Loughrea . 28. Wexford to Cork, through Waterford, Dungarvan, and Toughal 254 29. Tonghal to Cahir, through Lismore and Fermoy . . .266 30. Limerick to Waterford . . .271 3 1 . 3lal low to Killarney and Tralee. The Lake of Killarney . 277 . Limerick to Tralee .... 295 33. Limerick to Boyle, through Entds and Tuam .... 306 34. The Shannon, from Athlone to Limerick 317 35. Killarney to Valentin and Kenmare 324 36. Cork to Kenmare, via Band Bantry, and Qlengarriff . . •' 37. Cork to Bantry, via Macroom . 3 199 207 219 239 251 349 INTRODUCTION. PAGE I. Physical Geography ix IT. Geology xxiv II L Points of Interest for the Geologist and Botanist xxxiii IV. Industrial Resources xxxiv V. Travelling View xl VI. Antiquities .. .. xlvi VII. Pi of Interest lviil VIII. Skeleton Routes lxiv IX. Glossary of Irish Words lxix I. Physical Geography. Ireland is one of the most singular countries as to physical composition ; for whereas the usual arrangement of mountains is more or less in the interior, in this case it is the reverse, the ranges for the most part constituting a belt or rim all around the seaboard edge, leaving the sin of the interior comparatively level. It must not, however, be inferred that there are no considerable heights in the interior, but merely that the general law is stated which seems to prevail over the It will be advisable to take the four great divisions of I ster, Leinster, Connaught, and Munster, and describe them seriatim. I. Ulster. — In the county of Down is some of the finest scenery in Ireland. Its S. boundary is the Bay of Carlingford and the Newry Eiver, a considerable portion of the district being occupied with the ranges of the Mourm Mountains^ which, commencing to the W. of Newry and Rath- friland, speedily attain a great height in the neighbourhood of Uostrcvor, le, and Bryansford. Slieve Donard and Slieve Bin&dan are the two : st ] fcy eminences, although there are a great number of peaks very little inferior in height. The rivers which take their rise here vary accord- their positions. Those on the precipitous or seaward side arc rapid _nificant, such as the Shimna, which runs through Tollvmore . and falls into the sea at Newcastle, and the Causeway Water at But the high table-lands on the N. and N.E. give birth 1 ", which runs past Newry; and the Bann, one of the finest and most ec □ lically important rivers in the country. Its upper x I. Physical Geography. Intrcd. course is past Ililltown and Banbridge to Portadown, where it falls into the waters of Lough Neagh, the lower section belonging entirely to another district. The next range to the N. is in the neighbourhood of Ballynahineh, extending S. from thence towards Castlewellan. Slieve Croob is the highest point. From its S.E. flanks rise the Quoil, which empties itself, after a short career, near Downpatrick; and a few minor streams flowing in or near Dundrum. From the northern face of Slieve Croob issues the Lagan, which, after a roundabout course past Dromore, Moira, and Lisburn, finally discharges itself into Belfast Lough, at Belfast. The district between Down and the Strangford Lough, although bleak and elevated, has no hills worth mentioning ; neither has the peninsula of Ards, which extends from Portaferry to Donaghadee. There is a line of rather striking hills extending from Belfast to Newtown Ards, to the N. of the rly. ; and of these, Scrabo and Carngaven are fea- tures in the landscape, more from their isolation than intrinsic height. The district between Newry, Portadown, and Lisburn consists of un- dulating ground, frequently rising to a considerably elevated table- land; but from Moira to Lisburn, to the W. of the rly., a chain of hills runs N., with little interruption, past Belfast, Carrickfergus, and Larne, where they gradually subside. Divis and Cave Hill, over- looking Belfast and Duncrue, near Carrickfergus, are the principal heights, gradually declining on the W. towards Lough Neagh, but on the E. offering very steep elevations seawards. The interruption at Lame is, however, only for the breadth of a single valley, for on the N. and N.AV. the mountains rise still more suddenly and steeply, forming the lofty range of chalk that extends past Glenarm to Cushendall and Bailyeastle, and is only bounded W. and S. by the rly. to Ballymena and Coleraine, and on the E. by the picturesque terrace-road from Glenarm to Bailyeastle. This long range is in its turn subdivided into groups by small river valleys, having a general direction towards the great basin of Lough Neagh, which drains the whole of this district, the streams that flow into the sea being little more than cataracts, from the sudden escarpments that the ranges present on this side. Between Larne and Glenarm are Agnew's Hill, 1558 ft., and Lough Duff, 1262 ft., the group to the N. of Glenarm being separated by the Glenarm brook on the N.E., and the Braid river, a tributary of the Main, on the S.W. Overlooking Cushendall and Waterfoot are Sliev- ane, 1782 ft., and Trostan, 1817 ft., on whose western slopes rises the Main, a very considerable stream, that drains the district of Ballymena, and joins Lough Neagh at Bandalstown, being separated on the W. from the valley of the Bann by a long, though not lofty, range of high rand. To the N. of these is the Slieveanorra range, which contributes the Glendun stream to the sea at Cushendun, and the Bush, that flows in the opposite direction towards Bushmills; and from this point the hills begin to diminish in elevation, the principal one being Knocklayd, 1695 ft., in the neighbourhood of Bailyeastle, although the whole country between this and Coleraine consists of high table-land, with magnificent escarped cliffs along the coast from Fairhead to the Giants' Intrcd. I. Physical Geography. Xi way and Portrush, where the groat river-valley of the Bann a a marked line of demarcation. In fact, to speak broadly, we may look upon the Bann, from its rise near Hilltown, in the Motirne Moun- ts, toits termination at Coleraine, as the physical boundary of the N.E. if [reland. The next great mountain district may be defined as .. between the Bann and the Foyle, and bounded on the S. by the om Omagh to Dungannon. A study of the map of J reland will .v thai the arrangement ^( this important group is in the shape of a square, with rounded corners, connected with lesser ran. h within and outside the square. The principal chain commences ween the valley oi the Bann and the Roe, at the sea-shore; so close, I, that the Londonderry and Coleraine rly. is tunnelled through The hills ^( M'Gilligan, Benyevenagh, Keady, and Donald Hill, ►king Newtown Limavaddy, are all extremely interesting, both r marked contour and their geological formation; they follow valley of the Roe, attaining at Benbradagh, near Dungiven, tho glit of L500 ft. Between Dungiven and Draperstown, near the , this lofty chain suddenly changes its direction to run . The southern chain is grouped together under the name of the M luntains, which run with little interruption as far as the Foyle, , and have a tine southern escarpment; while on the N. the g inch more gradual, and several important rivers, such as the Faughan, have their watershed. The Sperrin Mountains derable heights, as Muinard, 2061 ft. ; Sawel, 2240 ft. ; and intains, 2 18 ft. The district inside the square, between the rly. and the sea, is principally undulating table-land, occasionally rising ►0 ft. in height; while between Deny and Dungiven, a fined range rills up the ^space between the Faughan and the lioe. - lerrih Mountains, which may be regarded as a great one, we have parallel ridges, varying in height from 1000 it. to i arrangement which is repeated, though with decreasing in- fl u , i\ 3 r S. as Enniskillen; and it will be noticed that the S., the directions of the ranges have a tendency to run ii S.W. I i N.K. From Newtown Stewart a range runs parallel with -aperstown, being separated there by the valley of the Glenelly. Munterlony, 1456 ft., is the principal height. This I un the S. by the Owenkillen, from the group which runs Ar to Maghrafelt, and terminates near that town in Slieve ft. tween Omagh and Enniskillen is a large tract of ted ground, gradually culminating in a long irregular Enniskillen to Ballygawley and Dungannon. To this again 3 a much lower chain, running from Lisnaskea to Clogher; and the S. of this there is nothing to speak of, as the high grounds sub- side into the bogs and levels of Cavan. As might be expected, the - of the various rivers follow the parallel ennr.se of these 3. Running X. from Omagh to the sea we have the great -river of the Stride, which, with its confluents the Derg and the a first of all the Moume, and ultimately the Foyle; a a 3 xii i. Physical Geography. In trod. it is into this basin that the following; cross streams flow, viz. the Glenelly and the Owenkillen at Newtown Stewart, and the Camowen at Omagh. A fresh basin is provided, however, when we cross the high grounds near Enniskillen, for the rivers will be observed to flow in a more southerly direction to Lough Erne, which, like Lough Neagh, acts as the receptacle for an enormous district. From the eastern end of the ranges just mentioned the direction of the rivers is towards the latter lake, which receives the Moyola, the Torrent, and the Blackwater, the latter an important stream, rising near Clogher, and flowing thence past Augh- nacloy, Caledon, Blackwatertown, and Moy. Before we cross the Foyle into the mountainous regions of Donegal, we must mention a detached group in the county of Armagh, which may be said to be in some decree connected with the Mourne Mountains. It commences a little to the S.E. of Monaghan, and runs past Newtown Hamilton to Newry, the rly. between Dundalk and Newry being carried through the group, and leaving the picturesque summit of Slieve Gullion a little to the 1. To the rt. of the line it evidently forms a continuation of the Carlingford Mountains, although, geographically speaking, they are in the division of Leinster. To the N. of Derry lies the district of Inuishowen, isolated from its being bounded on either side by Lough Foyle and Lough Swilly. The mountains appear to have been grouped very much according to the outline of the peninsula, Slieve Snaght, 2019 ft., forming a lofty central point, round which the subordinate heights are grouped, such as Squire's Cairn, 1058 ft., near Moville, on the E. ; Raghthmore, 1657 ft,, on the W. ; and Scalp, 1589 ft., to the S. It is difficult to divide the next great mountain-ranges of the Done.al highlands, which, in fact, comprise the remainder of Ulster, extending from Letterkenny and Lough Swilly all the way to the Atlantic on the W., and to Ballyshannon, with the river Erne, on the S. If a line is drawn between Ardara and Lifford, roughly following the course of the Finn,, it will be perceived that the mountains to the N. are all singularly arranged in parallel directions from N.E. to S.W. Outliers of these ranges are noticed in the neighbourhood of Letterkenny rising at Cark and Gregory Hill, between which is the valley of the Swilly, to 1205 ft. and 1111 ft. To the N. of the latter are the valley of the Lannan, flowing N.E., and the Glendowan ranges, which, commencing at Lough Salt Mount, 1546 ft., separate the parallel basins of Garton and Derryveagh Loughs. Although the sumniits of the Glendowan Mountains in themselves are not lofty, they have a fine appearance from the abruptness with which they descend into the Glenveagh valley, from the N. of which issues the Owencarrow, which falls into the sea at Sheephaven; and from the S. the Gweebarra, a fine salmon river, that joins the Atlantic at Doochary Bridge, after a magnificent highland course through the Glen Laheen. Immediately on the W. side of Glenveagh are the Derryveagh Mountains, a magnificent range, which, rising gradually from Glen, re their culminating points in Dooish, 2147 ft. ; Slieve Snaght, 2240 ft.; and Crockaratarive, 1627 ft. These are separated by a broad Introd. I. Physical Geography, xiii mountain glen only from the still more noble groups of Muckish, 2197 ft.; Aghla, 1916 ft.; and Arrigal, 2466 ft., at once the highest and most beautiful mountain in the N.W. of Ireland. A deep pass, entering the vale and lakes of Dunlewy, separates Arrigal from Slieve Snaght, forming one of the grandest though least known views in all Ireland; and from this point the mountains gradually decline, as they border the valley of the Clady to Gweedore. Nevertheless, the district to the N. of this is still elevated and hilly, and at the headlands of the Bloody Foreland and Horn Head, rises to 1038 ft. and 835 ft. The next valley to the S. of the Gweebarra is that of the Finn, which rises in the chain of mountains between Glenties and Stranorlar, near the source o( the Owenea ; but while the Finn runs to the E., to join the Mourne at Lillbrd, the latter river has a shorter course to the W., falling into Loughros More Bay at Ardara. Knocklawer, Aghla, Scraigs, and Shuragby, are amongst the principal heights in the Finn valley, which em into the open country at Stranorlar. To the S. of this valley the hills appear to take a rather different direction from E. to W., occupying the whole area between Stranorlar, Ardara, and Donegal, and extending thence through the promontory of Killybegs and Glen. ween Stranorlar and Donegal are the Bamesmore Hills, 1491 ft. through which is carried the road known as Barnesmore Gap, and from whence the range travels westward without any intermission, under the various names of Bluestack, 2219 ft. (at the foot of which is Lough Eask) ; Knockroe, 2211 ft.; Binbane, 1193 ft.; Mulmosog, Crownarard, and Slieve League, 1972 ft r , with its magnificent mural precipices. The streams issuing from these mountains are of necessity short and rapid, and include the Eask, flowing in at Donegal ; the Eanymore, Corker, Bally- doo, Oily, and Glen Rivers, all having their embouchures in Donegal Bay. ween Donegal and Ballvshannon the country is monotonous and bleak, though a little to the E. the chain just mentioned continues, with gradually lessening heights, to the neighbourhood of Lough Derg ~k 0/ o ~o and Petti^oe, extending eastward from thence to Omagh, and brought lip on the S. by the basin of Lough Erne. Between Ballvshannon on the X. and the lakes of Melvin and Maenean on the S., the ground rises .in to a considerable height; that on the E. terminates in very pic- turesque escarpments overlooking Lough Erne, and extending nearly to ir Ermiskillen; and on the S. shore of Lough Melvin we enter _'. The Division of Connaught. — The district between Bundoran and 8 - is marked by a very characteristic range of limestone hills, which follow pretty much the contour of the coast, towards which it sweeps down in a fine line of escarpment. The salient points are Trusk- . Benbulben, and King's Mountain. They do not, however, run quite as far as Sligo, but when over Drurncliff Bay suddenly turn round the E., and continue their course to Manor Hamilton and Lough . At Belmore Mount, overlooking Enniskillen, they make an- other sudden turn to the X., to join the high grounds of Church Hill, that run parallel with the W. shore of Lough Line, and thus form alt' r an irregular block of mountains, diversified with many tarns xiv I. Physical Geography. In trod. and lovely streams, particularly in the neighbourhood of Manor Hamilton and Lurgan Boy, where the river Bonet emerges from the picturesque valley of Glenade, in its course southwards to Lough Gill. To the S. of the road leading from Manor Hamilton to Enniskillen the chain of limestone hills suddenly recommences with still more 1 old and romantic outlines, and occupies the district between Manor Hamilton and Loudi Allen under the name of the Lackagb Hills. The principal escarpments of the chain are to the S.W. of Enniskillen, over- hanging Florence Court and Swanlinbar, where they trend to the S.W., to die out gradually in the neighbourhood of Drumshambo and Carrick on Shannon. This portion of the range is particularly famous for con- taining t\ie source of the mighty Shannon, that issues from a singular Gwern or "pot" in Legmonshena. There are also many other features characteristic of the carboniferous formation. The drainage of the largest portion of this block of mountain is provided for by Lough Allen, which may be said to be more or less surrounded by it, particu- larly on the N. and E. sides ; the ranges on the W., although practically part of the same system, being known as the Bralieve Mountains, which rise to the height of nearly 1400 feet (Cashel and Carrow). Notwith- standing the large area of the basin of Lough Allen, few rivers of any size enter it, save the Shannon and the Arigna, a fact which may be accounted for by the proximity of the mountains to the lake. Returning northwards to Sligo, we find it occupying an advantageous position at the mouth of the basin of Lough Gill, which on the N. side is bounded by the outliers of the limestone ranges before mentioned ; and on the S. by the abrupt eminences of Slieve Slish and Slieve Daene. A most prominent feature in Sligo landscape is the truncated coneofKnock- narea, which occupies an isolated position- overlooking Ballysadare Bay. The next great batch of Connaught Mountains may be defined by a diagonal line drawn from Ballysadare to Foxford r Castlebar, and West- port, and includes all the barren and wild district of Erris, Tyrawley, and Burrishoole. The ranges of the Ox Mountains and Slieve Gamph extend from Ballysadare to the neighbourhood of Foxford, where they are rather suddenly brought up by Loughs Conn and Cullin. Their direction is from N.E. to S.W., and they attain a height of 1778 ft. at Knockalongy overlooking Screen, although their average is not more than 1200 ft. As they slope steeply towards the coast on the N., the rivers given off on that side are insignificant, the Easky, which runs past Dromore, being the only one worth mention ; but from the S.E. flanks issue the* 4 Owenmore, which has a northern course past Collooney and Ballysadare ; and the Moy, which for several miles flows in the opposite direction, but turns sharp round to the N. near Foxford, and becomes a tidal river at Ballina. From Killala Bay to Belmullet extends a long ;;c r ie& of high bleak tableland (having an average of 7<>0 ft.) through the centre of the district running N. and S., forming a s^rt of lofty ridge or backbone, which commences at Maumakeogh with an elevation of 1243 ft., and rapidly increases as it merges into the Nephin Beg range, a magnificent scries of mountains overlooking Black- IntroJ. I. Physical Geography. xv Bay, with the island of Achill on the W., and Clew Bay with the opposite codc of Croagh Patrick on the S. The principal heights arc Slieve Car, 2369 ft.; Nephin Beg, ~0(}o ft.; and Cushcamcarragh, 2343 ft.; which give several small rivers flowing through the wild district of Ballycroy into Blacksod Bay, This range is continued stward into the peninsula of Curraun (which indeed it altogether fills with the hill of Knockletteragh), and into the island of Achill, that contains some o( the finest monntain-cliff scenery in the W. of and : sneh as the rugged mass of Slievelnore, the precipices of Crog- han, and the cliffs o( Minnaun. Between Nephin Beg and Loughs in and Culiin, there is the still more lofty mountain of Nephin, ft., the rounded summit of which is visible for an enormous extent country : and running S.W, from it towards Newport, are the hills Berreen-oorragh, and Buckoogh, not very much inferior in height, \ ^withstanding the large scale of these mountains, very few streams, and these but of small size, issue from them ; some to drain into Lough ( 11 : and some, as the Newport river, into Clew Bay, To the S. of phin is the parallel range of the Oroaghmoyle Mountains, 121)0 ft., Intervening between it and Castlebar. The n< al groupmay be said to extend from Clew Bay to Gal way iri includes the principal portion of what is commonly known as 1 onemara ; the boundary on the E. side being the river Ayle, that runs from Castlebar into Lough Mask, and thence becomes the sub- terranean Cong River, which connects the latter with Lough Corrib. For simplifying the arrangement, this group may be subdivided into the northern group, occupying the peninsula of Murrisk, and aided on the S. by the inlet of the Killaries and the Errive River. The whole of the peninsula is occupied by a mass of mountain which does not appear to have any definite name. The N. is principally marked by the wonderful cone of Croagh Patrick, 2510 ft., which flings out its shoulders E. and W. ; while in the S., rising directly up from the Killaries, are the towering heights of Muilrea, 2G88 ft., Benbury, L0 ft., and Bengorm, 2303 ft.; from whence a lofty line of hills follows the N. side of the valley of the Errive almost all the way to Westport. Between the Errive and Lough Mask is the range of the try Mountains, somewhat monotonous in their outline, which, as ach their southern termination, become amalgamated with it mountain system of the Joyce country, that occupies the rthern portion of the peninsula, bounded respectively by the Killaries an Lway Bay. Between the Kill iries and the foot of Lough Mask, are Farrennamore, 39ft., and Bengoriff, 2039ft.; and further S., partly separating 1. (Ugh M >k from Lough Corrib, are the ranges of Bcnlevy and Lugna- i, at the foot of which flows the Beainabrack, separating them m the Mamturk Mountains, and entering the arm of Lough Corrib at Maume. This latter range, of which Shanfolagh, 2045 ft., is the point, ocenpies the ana between the valley of the Beainabrack ..e high road from Oughterarde and Clifden. and forms one of the xvi i. Physical Geography. In trod. most beautiful scries of panoramas in that route, especially at the junction of the cross valley of the Derryclare and Inagh Lakes. These last separate the Mamturk Mountains from the Twelve Pins, which may be considered as the centre of the mountain district of Connemara. Bun- nabeola, of which Benbaun, 2395 ft., is the loftiest summit, is a series of 1- singular peaks rising close to one another, and throwing out a number of secondary ranges that extend for a considerable distance ; yet, taking the Twelve Pins as a whole, we find a distinct line of demar- cation that contributes to give an air of independence and centraliza- tion to this magnificent group. On the N. it is bounded by the Gap and Lake of Kylemore ; on the S. by the Lake of Bally nahinch ; and on the E. by Loughs Inagh and Derryclare, at the foot of which js the singular little hill of Lissoughter, forming as it were the key to this cross-valley. The remainder of the peninsula of which Clifden is the chief town consists of high rocky ground,- relieved by some considerable hills on the seaward side, viz. : Kinvyle, between Ballinakill and the Killaries ; Urris- beg, overlooking Roundstone on the S., with Cashel and Lettershanna, between Bally nahinch and the sea. The district between the high road to Oughterard and Galway and the sea, consisting of Connemara Proper and Iar Connaught, is nothing but a succession of lofty table-lands as dreary and as little known as any portion of Ireland. E. Connaught is comparatively free from mountain ranges, though it is by no means level like the plains of Westmeath ; but consists of rocky and poor ground, averaging from 100 ft. to 500 ft. in height. The range called Kesh Corrin, 1183 ft., and Carrowkeel, extends along the W. bank of Lough Arrow, and is there united with the Curlew Hills, over which the road to Boyle is carried ; it is, however, merely a continuation westward of the Fermanagh Mountains and the Bralieve Hills near Lough Allen. A range of rather high ground is also found extenenng from Claremorris to Castlereagh and Elphin ; and a second runs from Tuam eastward, crossing the Suck to Pioscommon, between which place and Longford it rises at Slieve Baun to nearly 1000 ft. The only other remaining mountains worth mention in Connaught are to the S. of Loughrea, where a considerable block, called the Slieve Baughta, occupies the interval between Gort and the western shores of Lough Derg, extending from Portumna and Woodford to Scariff, at which point it crosses the boundary, and enters the co. Clare. 3. Munster. — South of Galway rise the curious bare limestone hills of the Bun*en country, terminating in Black Head, and reaching a height of about 1000 ft. These slope southwards to Liscannor and Miltown Malbay, between which place and Ennis is the domical mountain of Slieve Callane, 1282 ft. To the E. of these hills is a low tract with lakes running from Ennis to Gort; and eastward of that again rise the Slieve Boughta Hills, the greater portion of which have been mentioned as running into Galway alongside Lough Derg. The interval between these two groups is watered by the Fergus, which, rising near Kilfenora, flows past Castle Clare into the Shannon by a wide estuary. Introd. i. Physical Geography. xvii Between Broadford and Killaloe rises the range of the Slieve Bernagh, Beparated from the Arra Mountains by the Long, narrow channel of the Bouthern portion of Lough Derg and the Shannon. Craig Mountain, L729 ft. above Killaloe, is, next to Glennagalliagb, 1746, the highest point of the Slieve Bernagh, which is continued to the S.W. nearly to Six Mile Bridge, and separated by a narrow valley from theCratloe Hills that rise immediately X. of Limerick. Divided from the Arra Hills by the valley o( the Kilmastullagh Rivei are the Silvermine Mountains, winch are themselves cut off by another valley called Glen ("olios from Mount Keeper(2278 ft.), visible for an enormous extent of country. The Slieve Phelim Mountains, a portion of the same group, are conspicuous the traveller | along Limerick and Waterford Rly., and ■p company with him the whole distance to Limerick Junction, stretch- ; away to the X., and occupying a very large area between Xenngh, Tipperarv. and CasheL The greater number of the rivers that rise amidst these heights are insignificant, and fall, after more or less mean- dering, into the Shannon; though the eastern slopes, which overlook - and Holycr ss, Bend down tributaries to the Snir, which rises X. of th< [Devil's Bit Mountain, and runs through Tipperarv, and the bor I oik, Waterford, and Kilkenny, into the harbour of Water- to. The only hills that remain to be mentioned in the comity Clare con- sist of a series of irregular groups of no great height that rim parallel with the Shannon towards Kilrush and Kilkee, The next district may be bounded by the Shannon on the 1ST., the dee and Killarney lily, on the S., and the Great Southern and Western on the B. Although strictly a mountainous district, there are no lofty ranges in it ; it rather consists of extensive tablelands, ex- tremely wild and desolate, and not of a character that affords much attraction to the tourist. These tablelands appear to culminate in the tre, and are known by the different names of the Stack, Clanruddery, u< irk, and Use Mountains, which, with their extensive con- nections, till up the whole area between Tarbert and Newcastle on the X., Listowel on the W., Charleville on the K., Tralee and Kanturk on A- might be expected from the large amount of country covered 5, a number of rivers take their rise : the Deel and the M igue flowing into the Shannon; the Geale and the Feale direct into the Atlantic ; the Maine, which forms the estuary of Castlemaine Har- bour ; the Blackwater, with its tributaries the Owentangiin, the Owen- dale and the Allow, flowing eastward to Mallow and Youghal. insula of Dingle, lying to the W. of Tralee, is nothing but a ridge of lofty mountains, which descend so abruptly to the sea as to leave very little level ground. Nearest to Tralee are the Slicvmish Mountains, of which Cahirconree and Bautregarm are the chief points; and ( upon them, separated only by a mountain valley, are the rai i Benoskee and Connor Hill, which further W. rise into the tficent mountain-peaks of Brandos (3127 ft.), one of the giants of to }t. The extreme point of the peninsula is marked by Mount xviii I, Physical Geography. In trod. Eagle, though it is probable that the high ground once extended con- siderably farther out, as evidenced by the cliffs of the Blasket Islands. It is difficult to divide the next district, which includes the loftiest mountains in Ireland and the exquisite beauties of Killarney — the cynosure of all Irish tourists. The minuter features of the Killarney Hills have been described in Etc. 31, so that it will be unnecessary to recapitulate any but the broad distinctive characteristics. To the S. of the rly. between Mallow and Millstreet are the Bochra Mountains, which give off streams N. and S. to the Blackwater and the Lee respectively. Having passed Millstreet, we have the very marked ranges of Cahir- barna (2239 ft.), and the Paps (2268 ft.), separated from Croghane by the valley of the Flesk. Then comes Mangarton, with its magni- licent subordinate cliff scenery of Glen-na-Coppul and Lough Guitane, together with Tore Mtn., at the base of which reposes Killarney, the most exquisite of British lakes. Divided only by the Long Reach and the basin of the Upper Lake, are the Toomies, Glena, the Purple Moun- tain, M'Gillicuddy's Reeks, and Carrantuohill, the most lofty point in all Ireland, offering in their river-gullies and -precipices some of the finest scenery in the whole island. As the coast is neared towards Cahirciveen the ranges gradually lessen in height and grandeur, although scenery very little inferior to that of the Reeks is found in the mountains that overhang Lough Carra. These ranges with their . intervening valleys occupy the whole promontory between the bays of Dingle and Kenmare, S. of which latter is another mountainous promontory which stretches from the hills that surround Glen Flesk to Bearhaven, Once the tourist in his travel from Millstreet has crossed the water- shed of the Blackwater, he descends into the valley of the Flesk, w T hich rises in the Derrynasaggart Mountains, and cuts itself a way between the ranges of Oroghan and the Paps, to fall into the lake near the town of Killarney. With the exception of the Laune, the main outlet of the lake into Castlemaine Harbour, the rivers both on the N. and S. of the peninsula are short and rapid, such as the Anagarry, the Carra, and the Ferta or Valentia rivers on the N., with the Inny, Coomeragh, Blackwater, and the Rough ty on the S. The latter stream rises within a short distance of the Flesk on the western slopes of the Derry- nasaggart Mountains, while from the S. and E. of the same group rise the Lee and the Sullane, flowing in. an entirely opposite direction. Between Kenmare and Bantry the traveller crosses the other range of mountains forming the backbone of the promontories of Bantry and Bear. They extend in a S.W. direction to the very end of the coast, under the names of the Caha and the Slieve Miskish Mountains, and attain a considerable height, rising at Hungry Hill to 2251 ft. The same range is continued to the N.E. of Glengarriff, and gives birth to the Ouvane and the Gomboola — affording in its rocky fastnesses the guificent scenery of the Pass of Keimaneigh and the cliffs of Gougane Barra. But from this point eastward the picturesque element is on the decline, and the lofty escarpments give place to the long shoulders of the Sheehy and Clara Hills that bound the valley of the Lee on the In trod. I. Physical Geography. xix B., and that of the Bandon on the N. To the S. of Bantry is the district of West Carberry, which is hilly, though not very lofty, the principal ranges extending in narrow ridges through the promontory of Dunmanus, where in the neighbourhood of Skull they are 1339 ft. in :ht (Mount Gabriel). The same high ground is continued eastward the N. of Skibbereeu and Clonakilty, until it dies out in the neigh- bourhood of the Kinsale river. Bast Minister may he roughly described as that portion of the to the E. of the Great Southern and Western Bly«, and, although contain! - me very fine chains of mountains, it has not that vmatically hilly character which we have observed to prevail in the V Immediately to the S. of Tipperary is the Galty range, extending m Charleville to Cahir. On the northern side the ridge of Slieve- namu thrown out like an outwork, and is separated by the Glen of Aherlow from the main group, which rises to the height of 3000 it. in rrand sweeps. The finest scenery is on the southern face _ MitchelstowD and the valley of the Funcheon, and contain* brated caves (Rte. 29). On the eastern or Cahir side, the pproach the town pretty closely, but towards the W. they dually diminishing shoulders, which, under the name of the ura Hills, are conspicuous in the neighbourhood of Ihittevant at. . and give birth to the Awbeg or Mulla (lite. 25). To the S. o{ Mitchclstown, and separated from the Galty range by the broad elevated valley of the Funcheon, are the Kilworth and Knock- mealedowu Hills (2598 ft.), a noble chain that forms the northern boun- dai the Blackwaier Valley, and constitutes the principal features of Ian". during the sail from Youghal to Cappoquin. To the E. of Cappoquin the hills begin to decline, but spcedity rise again to form the r >f the Monavullagh and Commeragh Mountains ('J478 ft.), andm si striking ranges in the county of Waterford. They from the ing mountains in having their escarpments all din eastward ins 1 of to the south. hat flow t < . the X., such as the Nier, drain into the S ir; but I to the S. fall direct into the sea — viz., the Colligan Dung .van, the 'lay at Stradbally, and the Mahon at Bonmahon. Blaekwater, and, in fact, between Fennoy, Rath cor mack, :, there is nothing but a succession of high table-lands, occasion- ally r eminences of 1000 ft., and, in the case of the Nagles untains, between Fermoy and Ratheormaek, to 1406 ft. This range gives rise to the Bride, a tributary to the Blaekwater. The only remaining mountain in Minister is Slievnaman, a rounded 23 1 ft. in height, that rises in singular isolation to the N. of onmel and Carrick. 4. The surface of Leinsfer may be designated as the greal grazii land, and is n arly so occupied by mountains as that r three divisions. 1 icing on thi >'.. have (1) the Carjingford ranges, that occupy the promontor i Dundalk and Warrenpoint, and may xx i. Physical Geography. In trod. really be said to belong to the Mourne district, together with the moun- tainous ground through which the rly. to Newry passes.. The greater part of North Leinster consists of undulating series of hills and plains, although towards the boundaries of Ulster the former predominate. There is a great deal of wild, uncultivated ground to the N. of Virginia and Lough Ramor, rising in the neighbourhood of Bailieborough to 1116 ft., the highest point in the district. This arrangement pre- vails as far as Lough Sheelin and the rly. from Mullingar to Cavan, on the rt. of which isolated groups rise to 1050 ft. Southwards towards Mullingar, with the exception of the picturesque hills on Lough Dereveragh, the grazing-plains of Westmeath predominate, and, interrupted only by an occasional hillock, such as Croghan, Edenderry, Hill of Ward, Tara, and others, stretch into the counties of Kildare on the S.E., and to the banks of the Shannon on the W. A few miles from Kildare are the low ranges of the Dunmurry Hills, conspi- cuous simply from their isolation in the plain, and from the singular indentation called the Chair of Kildare. This range, how- ever, is the commencement of long ridges of high ground, which run nearly N. and S., though with a slight westward tendency, for very many miles, even to the borders of the counties of TipjDerary and Kil- kenny. There are three of these parallel ridges, each of them forming the boundaries of a great river- valley. To the W. are the Slieve-Bloom Mountains, between Maryborough and Parsonstown — a fine chain, rising to upwards of 1700 ft., and showing a very steep face to the S.E. Towards Roscrea they decline in height, but rise again to the S. near Templemore, this continuation being remarkable for the Devil's Bit (1583 ft.), which is visible for a very great distance, and is an unmistakable landmark. A few miles to the N. of it, and just 2 miles N. of the source of the Suir, rises the Nore, which first flows northward, but soon takes a wide sweep, and turns to the S.E., uniting with the Barrow near New Ross, and both flowing S. into Waterford harbour. The second range, about 1000 ft. high, extends from Monasterevan to Castlecomer and Kilkenny, and forms the boundary of the valley of the I 'arrow, which rises on the N. slopes of the Slieve-Bloom Hills, and takes a similar course and curve, although on a much larger scale than the Nore. It is the lower portion of this range that forms the coal-basin of Castlecomer, the flat table summits of which are well seen by the traveller by rail from Carlow to Bagnalstown. The northern course of the Barrow is through comparatively level country, stretching eastward for some distance until brought up by the outliers -of the Wicklow Mountains in the neighbourhood of Baltinglass and Dunlavin ; but in the course of the river S. towards Borris and Inistiogue, high grounds close in on each side, those on the E. forming one of the loftiest ranges in Leinster. This chain commences to the N. of Newtown Barry, and runs almost as far as New Ross in an abrupt series of heights, viz., Mount Leinster (2610 ft.), Blackstairs (2409 ft.), and White Mount (1259 ft,), immediately opposite which, on the W. bank of the Barrow, is Brandon Hill (1694 ft.). On the E. side of the Mount Leinster range is the parallel valley of In trod. I. Physical Geography, xxi the Slanev, a river not much inferior in length and volume to the Nore or Barrow, and which rises on the skirts of Lugnaquilla, turning to the S. near Baltinglass, and thence flowing tolerably direct past Enniscorthy to Wexford. The picturesque district known as the AVieklow^Iountains is after all the great feature of Leinster. Commencing so near to Dublin that its southern suburbs are almost on the slopes of the hills, they occupy a large oval area extending from the metropolis to Arklow on the E., and to Blessington and Baltinglass on the W. The Dublin and Carlow rly. pretty well defines this western outline, for, although at a tolerable distance from the mountains, it rarely loses sight of them. The Wicklow Mountains have not the same parallel arrangement of the other Irish ranges, and to this tact they probably owe a large amount of their wild and romantic features. Beginning near Dublin with Tallaght, the Three Rocks, and Tibradden, they gradually rise in height, up to the lofty eminences of Kippure, 2478 ft. ; Pjonce, 2384 (t. ; and War Hill, which gives birth to the Liffev ; while close to the line of coast are the KilliiK-y Hills, with the isolated peaks of the Sugarloaves. To theS. of Kippure the country becomes wilder and more elevated, until it reaches its culminating point in Lugnaquilla, 3039 ft., one of the loftiest moun- tains in Ireland ; and from thence rapidly declines as far as Tinna- hely. Although there is much picturesque scenery on the W. slopes of the Wicklow Hills, particularly near Blessington, yet the E. district is more particularly rich in scenery, and more sought after by tourists ; and especially the valleys of the Avoca, the Vartrey, and the Dargle, which have a short but exquisitely romantic career before they make their exit into the sea. ■ Between Arklow and Wexford the country is generally low, with a few isolated hills here and there, and to the 8. of Wexfi : ;, with the exception of the Forth Mountains, there is very little to relieve the comparative monotony of the views. It need scarcely be added that, in this brief summary of the moan- tain physiognomy of Ireland, only the most important chains and ups have been mentioned, as it would take too much time, and aid be also us< I ss, to make mention of all the smaller hills, which, as I tl ey are interesting to the tourist, will be found described in v 7 the separate rout The following is a tabular list of the principal _ ts: — Feet. I irrantimhill Kerry 3414 C h. t „ ' 3200 Brandon „ 3127 Lugnaquilla Wicklow SO:*!* Qaltymore Tippcrary 3015 Donaid Down.," 27!x; C uiroon] Kerry 2796 liangerton ,, *_:7.~>i; l'> *:• gaum „ 2713 Muiln a Mayo 2 N j. bin „ 2646 B< nbury 2610 Mt. 1 r W< rford 2610 Knocki lown Wa1 i-d 2598 xxii i. Physical Geography. Introd. Feet. Coomacarra Kerry 2542 Oioagh Patrick Mayo 2510 Kippure Wieklow 2473 Commeragh Waterford 2478 Arrigal Donegal 2466 Slieve Bingian Down 2449 Toomies Kerry 2413 Black Stairs Wexford 2411 Benbaun (12 Pins) .. .. Galway 2395 Douce Wieklow 2384 Slieve Car Mayo 2369 War Hill Wieklow 2250 Slieve Naman Tipperary 2364 Cushcamearra^ri Mayo 2343 Bencor (12 Pins) • Galway 2336 Black Rocks Wieklow 2296 Berreencorragb Mayo 2295 Paps.. .. ' Kerry 2268 Keeper Tipperary 2278 Hungry Hill Kerry 2251 Cahirbarna „ 2239 Sawel Tyrone 2240 Slieve Snaglit (Dunkerry) . . Donegal 2240 Bengorm Mayo 2303 Bluestack Donegal .. .. .. 2219 Lugaabricka Mayo 2193 Crogban „ 2192 Muckisb Donegal 2197 Cuilcagb Fermanagb .. .. 2188 Dooisb Donegal .. .. .. 2147 Truskmore Sligo 2113 Straw Mt Tyrone 2068 Muinard „ 2061 Crogban Kinsbela Wieklow 2060 Bengoriff Mayo 2039 Slieve Snagbt Donegal .. .. * .. 2019 NephinBeg Mayo 2065 Shanfolagb Galway 2045 Slieve League # Donegal 1972 Agbla (Finn Valley) .. .. „ .. .. .. 1953 Carlingford Loutb.. .. .... 1935 Slieve Gullion Armagb 1893 Aghla Donegal 1916 Trostran Antrim 1817 Mothers' Mt. (SI. Phelim) .. Tipperary 1783 Slieve Bloom „ 1783 Slieveane Antrim 1782 Slieve Gampb ' Sligo 1778 Slieve Croob Down 1753- GlciKiirnlliagb Clare 1746 OraigMtn „ .. 1729 Slieve Gallion Deny 1730 Benbulben Sligo 1722 Intrcxl. I. Physical Geography. xxiii et. Knockletteragh Mayo ]7ir> Knocklayd Antrim 1695 Ox Bfnts Bligo 1685 Raghthmore Donegal 1(517 Bugarloaf Wicklow 1659 Brandon Hill Kilkenny 1644 1 rockerraterive Donegal 1627 DeviTsBit Tipperary 1583 Divifl Antrim. 1567 Agnew's Hill „ L558 King's MtD Sligo 1527 Benbradagh Derry 1536 Binbane Donegal 14!>:j Bralieve Mtit Roscommon .. .. 14.30 Munterlony Donegal 1456 ,, 1 106 Nagles Waterford 140G Gabriel .. Cork 1339 le Mms Mayo 1290 - . i .! e Clare 1282 Benyevenagh Dcrrv 12G0 Mtn. Wexford 1259 mmakeogh Mayo 1243 B chra Cork 1209 Ki Bb I irran Leitrim 11 S3 I Hill Down 1168 I aghanleagh Cavan 1116 Ready .. .. Deny 1101 Knoctnarea Sligo 1088 ody Foreland Donegal 1018 ■ quitting the subject of superficial features, a brief mention uld be man in the Atlantic, Ireland is naturally subject to much rain; alt aking strictly, there is not so very much more actual nfall than in England, but a great increase of damp, a fact to which Ltraordinarily rapid growth and bright hue of vegetation is owing. quantity of rainfall is about 36 inches. The following - (from Sir It. Kane) show the main arteries of drainage from the interior of the country : — Sq. milea.1 Sq. miles. 9 a total basin of 4544 Blackwater and Boyne .. 1086 B Nore, and Suir .. 3400 Iiflfey, Dodder, and Tolka., 568 815 Erne L585 A re 200 Foyle 1476 i 281 Bann 1266 Black tei 1214 Blackwater (Armagh) .. 526 735 I in 227 Bandon 228 B raghty 475 (i r 1374 [nny and Maine .. .. 511 M L033 FealeandGeale 47L* xxiv II. Geology. Introd. It lias been calculated that, taking the average elevation of the country to be 387 ft., there is " distributed over the surface of Ire- land a water-power capable of acting night and day, without inter- ruption, from the beginning to the end of the year, amounting to 1,248,849 horse-power." One of the most singular features in Ireland are the Lakes, which in many cases assume the size and importance of inland seas. The larger ones, which would seem to be of such inesti- mable value with regard to inland navigation, are nevertheless practi- cally useless from their shallow and rocky beds. As an example we may cite the chain of lakes between Gal way and Ballina, viz. : Loughs Corrib, Mask, Culleiij and Conn, through which it was fondly hoped that a navigable line might be made, so as to save a large amount of dangerous westerly coasting. Lough Erne contains in the upper lake an area of 9278 acres, and in the lower lake of 28,000 acres, and is mainly fed by the river of the same name. As it extends for upwards of 40 m., a good deal of accommodation might be afforded at a compara- tively small outlay between the towns and villages on its banks ; although an outlet to the sea is completely prevented by the rapids at Belleek and Ballyshannon. Lough Neagh has a shore line of 66 m. in circumference, and an area of 98,255 acres. It is fed by the Upper Bann, Maine, Black water, and Six-mile Water, and has its outlet only by the Lower Bann. The only feature of interest lies in the river Bann, which is almost a solitary example of extensive natural advantages being turned to good account for economical purposes. Loughs Allen, Kea, and Derg should better be spoken of as broad estuaries of the Shannon, which in its latter half is really made useful for the purposes of navigation. Lough Corrib, which occupies a large portion of the co. of Galway, has been of late years turned to some account in that way, and a considerable trade developed as far as Cong and Headford. Had the unfortunate ship-canal ever come to anything, there is no knowing how much the interior of Mayo would have been benefited, and perhaps the hindrances of shallow beds overcome, and thus the Moy and Galway rivers united. The Lakes of Killarney can only be viewed with the eye of an artist or an angler, and not with any commercial intentions; were any such ever enter- tained, it is doubtful whether the popular indignation of those dependent on the tourist district would even allow them to be tried. In the smaller lakes, such as Loughs Gill, Ennell, Owell, Gowna, Dereveragh, Arrow, Gur, Cooter, Glendalough, Carra, &c, the fisherman and tourist are the most interested, as they are not sufficiently important to class amongst tr±e industrial resources of Ireland. II. Geology. Taking into consideration the extensive area of the map of Ireland, we may feel somewhat surprised at the comparative sameness and regu- larity of the strata. The great central plain previously alluded to is in fact composed for the most part of carboniferous limestone surrounded Introd. ". Geology. xxv OD all sides by elevated ground belonging to the older rocks. The more sent formations of the Cainosoicand Mesozoic periods are but scantily s nted. 1. The former or' Tertiary group consist of clays ot the 1 leis- era, and are usually found on somewhat elevated positions bor- the coast. The localities where they have been noticed are on th e g - of Belfast Lough, a good example being visible near the st Waterworks; also along the S. E. margin of Lough Neagh, en Washing Bay in the co. of Tyrone and Sandy Bay in the co ; Antrim, occupying a district of 10 m. in breadth, and consisting of clay with sand and irregular beds of lignite. Tertiary ably Pleistocene) are met with in the co. of Deny, formi on either side the valley of the Roe, extending west- 3 Muflf, and southward to Dungiven. The shells which consist of Turritella terebra, Cyprica islandica, Qga. Elevated beds of the Pleistocene era have been Far as Wexford. The Basaltic plateau of of many flows of lava (basalt often columnar) and ish with lignites, &c, is certainly tertiary, probably mi . like the leaf-bods of Mull. a or chalk formation is exclusively limited to the IN. E. of Ireland, commencing near Lurgan and running in a narrow fringe or :id th i\ as far as Portrush, and for the most part underlying thi - district of which Antrim and a large portion of Deiry are in Portrush the chalk runs S. to the W. coast of Lough Neagh, though occasionally interrupted by patches of limestone and yellow sai ie. On the N. coast especially, the intimate connection of the chalk, trap, and basalt is well seen ; for instance, at Ballycastle, where in contact on the sea-shore W. of the harbour; at Ballin- where ochreous trap may be observed immersed in the chalk; on and, "where a deep hollow is observed at the top ilk, entirely filled by the massive overlying trap." At the w;, • . lumps of basalt maybe observed isolated in the chalk. \lt in the crevices of the cliffs flowed in from above, or was erupted from below, cannot be determined; taking it, however, in connexion with the isolated and imbedded lumps of very hard basalt, it appears probable that some of the eruptions took place prior to the induration of the chalk ; that the chalky paste was then gradually in- dural ad afterwards pierced by later eruptions." — Portlock. unction of the basalt and "chalk can be well studied on the road from Portrush to Dnnluce ; the basalt, which is amorphous, being m en to the drift flints, which in their turn repose on the eroded BUr- of the chalk proper. Between Ballintoy and Bengore Head, a dley opens to th< at White Park Bay, in which the lias stri rlying the chalk are disclosed, containing ammonites and gryphites. rocks are visil 2 tin at the Portrush peninsula, wi bey ar. :ved to be divided by interposed masses of greenstone, and in xxvi ii. Geology. IntrocT. fact assume the appearance of igneous rock; but the presence of typical ails proves thai this apparent flint slate of Por trust and the Skerries is lias-shale, indurated by the action of trap in a state of fusion. Westward, in the neighbourhood of Down Hill and M'Gilligan, the chalk is still observable at the base of the basalt cliffs, and soon trends to the S., dipping at a small angle to the S.E. Underlying the chalk from M'Gilligan to Dungiven, a small strip of Triassic or New Red sandstone is visible ; and in some of the deep -valleys between Benyevenagh and Keady the geologist can obtain a good section of chalk, greensand, and new red, the whole capped by basalt. Passing up- wards from the sandstone, grey indurated marls are met with forming a link between the new red and oolite ; and these contain teeth and scales of the following fishes : — Sauricthys apicalis, Gyrolepis Albertii, G. tenuistriatus, Acrodus minimus ; all fossils typical of the Rhsetic beds. E. of Ballycastle the chalk reappears together with the beds of lias underneath ; as far as Red Bay forms a magnificent line of escarpment round by Garron Point, Carnlough, Glenarm, Larne, and Carrickfergus ; and is next seen capped by basalt at Cave Hill and Divis, near Belfast. The lias beds are well exposed at Larne, and the new red forms splendid cliffs at Waterfoot. It is also seen accom- panying the chalk to the W. of Lough Neagh, in the neighbourhood of Dungannon. 3. The Coal-beds of Ireland are neither of the extent nor of the practical value that they fortunately possess in Great Britain. We may divide them into A. The Kilkenny and Castlecomer coal-field, an irregularly oval basin running S.W. from Carlow nearly to Cash el, that may be roughly described as occupying the high grounds between the Nore and the Barrow, an elevated table-land " constituting a true mineral basin, in which the strata incline from the edge towards the centre." The following is the general section of the coal-measure series of this district : — Ft. In. Uppermost beds, about .. 12 Intermediate beds Peacock coal 1 10 Foot coal Intermediate beds .. .. 45 Intermediate beds Stony coal .. 3 Gale Hill coal Intermediate beds .. .. 21 Flagstone series 650 Three ft., or Old Colliery coal 3 Black shale series See Geol. Surv. Maps and Explan., 136, 137. As coal-mining has not reached a very advanced stage in Ireland, the only beds hitherto worked have been the three uppermost, as lying nearest the surface, the coal produced therefrom being anthracite or smokeless coal, which contains about 9G per cent, of carbon, and is only adapted to certain uses, such as malting. The Nore separates the Slieve Ardagh and Tipperary coal-fields from that of Castlecomer ; the Slieve Ardagh collieries, near Killenaulc, being some of the best in the country. — (Geol. Surv. Maps arid JExpl., 146, 155, 156.) The Ft. In. 180 1 6 300 6 650 500 In trod, it. Geology. xxvii in the southern part o{ the basin, which is sometimes called the Tipperary coal-field, dip at a much steeper angle, and "lie in deep troi from which arises a peculiar mode o( working, the shaft being sunk in the centre of the trough, and the coal wrought by working upwards on both sides of it." — K< n< . II. The Munster coal-field, although extensive in area, is un- important in results. It occupies the hilly districts in the counties I Hare, Limerick, Cork, and Kerry, embracing all the country between ora on the N. and Killarncy on the S., and bounded inland by a line from Kilfenora through Ennis, Foynes, Newcastle, Charleville, and K.o.turk. But with a small exception the whole of this greal area 9 merely shales, often cleaved int<> slatea^and gritstones, often •1 flagstones, the only practicable coal being in (dare, where thin beds of culm, from which, however, one colliery-owner r. This exception is in the barony oi' Duhallow, in ' ibourhood ^( Kanturk and Millstreet. Here are six veins of ant three of which, known as the Bulk-vein, bock-vein, and >f tolerable thickness and have been pretty extensively " Tl - of the Munster field lie in a series of troughs, the hills usual" king from E. to W., and the strata dipping on either V and S., at considerable angles, often per} endicular." — Kane. rocks in Clare are of an estimated thickness of 3350 ft., and of Ft. in. Alt- mating grits, fags, and shale, with occasional seams of coals .. " 350 •'.ind a good horizon mark) .. 3 3, and shale, with thin beds of coal .. .. 2000 < I ibotrl 850 Dad }, highly foesiliferoua 150 numbers o^ plant-stems, together with Aviculopccten lonomya, and Goniatites. The ujrits which are quar- Kilrush and Kilkee are covered in the most complicated ma a nine animals. « »n the Kerry >f the Shannon there is about the same thickness of and shales, together with three seams of coal, viz. : Hard-seam, Rock Lodge vein, which have been worked to the S. of Many characteristic coal-plants and shells are to be ind ar \ Is d. Ardagh, Newcastle, and Abbey feale, there are some thin I which ha tially worked. The equivalent of the - icld will be found in those beds of coal and grit, known ■ uth V ins. — See Survey Maps and Expl. t 131, . 141. 'union and Leitrim coal-field differs from the preceding al instead of anthracite. It is generally known the ArL'iia basin, the hill district on either side Lough All the croj d.~\ b wviii II. Geology. In trod. To the W. of Lough Allen is the valley of the Arigna river, flowing tween the two hills of Kilronan, 1081 ft., and Altagowlan, 1377 ft. At the base of the former are the Arigna Iron-works, which were ablished in 1788 with every prospect of working the coal and iron- stone of this district to advantage. After a career of 25 years the concern failed, not from any want of material or inability to produce id iron, hut simply from getting into the hands of a parcel of dishonest jobbers, who made the undertaking so notorious, that the very name of Arigna became a sufficient terror to everybody who was tempted to try his luck in mining enterprise. The three veins of coal, two of which are to be found cropping out at a considerable height of the mountains, are — the Upper Seam, only 8 or 9 in., and only observable at the summit of Slieve ni-Aran (Iron Moun- tain) on the E. of Lough Allen ; the Top coal, 2 ft. 6 in. ; the Crow coal, 1 ft. to 3 ft. The coals in the Kilronan Mountain have been principally worked to supply the Arigna Iron-works, from which a tramroad was carried to the townland of Aghabehy. Both in Kilronan and Altagowlan Mountains the beds are much disturbed by faults ; in the former " being traversed by at least six faults radiating from the centre of the hill." — Da Noyer. The wonderful results of denudation may be instructively studied here. " In truth, there is no reason why, at one period of our geological history, the great mass of the bituminous coal-bearing strata occurring in England should not have extended over what is now Ireland ; but, stiange to say, while this store of inestimable wealth was being pre- served in England, and covered by the New Red sandstone, and probably Tertiary rocks, the adjoining portion of the earth's crust was being gradually raised from beneath the sea, and well nigh effectually denuded of its carbonaceous covering." — Du Noyer, D. The Tyrone coal-field supplies bituminous coals. It is consider- ably disturbed and contorted, and differs from the preceding coal-basins by being partly covered over by New Red or Triassic rocks. It has been subdivided into the Coal Island and Annahone districts, the former containing an area of about 7000 acres, and six workable beds of coal : — Ft. in. ft. Annacrher .. .. 8 to 10 Yard 2 „ 3 Braghayeel .. .. 4 9 „ 5 Ft. in. ft. Balteboy .. .. 9 to 3 Deny .. .. .. 4 6 „ 5 Gortnaskea .. .. 2 „ 6 — thus presenting the extraordinary thickness of 22 to 32 ft. of solid coal in a depth of 120 fathoms. The Annahone basin is very small ; is bounded on the N. by the carboniferous limestone, and is overlaid on the S. by the new red. There are three beds of workable coal in it. E. The Ballycastle field is the most singular in its geological position and association with the basalts of the Causeway and Fairhead. In fact, it is altogether covered over by a layer of columnar greenstone ; Introd. II. Oology. xxix I were it not for the escarped precipice facing the sen, the coal would bly never have been discovered. There were six beds of coal at Murlough Bay, of which four were bituminous and two anthracite ; the tow worked out, the only value of the held being now in the As the basalt is found lying amongst the coal, a better dity could not be found for investigating how far the production of iiraei: is influenced by the proximity of the igneous action; in s, whether the change is chemical or mechanical. Interesting ight also be raised as to the age of this coal-basin. The llierv has an additional claim to notice as being the Is known and worked in Ireland, for, it is said, when the liers were pursuing operations in 1770, they broke into an ancient >ntaining primitive and rude mining implements. aiferous Limestone may be said to comprise half Ire- 1. 1, with a few exceptional patches, the whole of the great d plain is com] aed fit; and the tourist may journey across the Dublin to Gal way. Mallow, or Killarney, without touching formation. In parts of the carboniferous formation of 1 - iesisinl rposed, which is wanting in Great Britain, ssital - its division into three series — Upper, Middle or Calp, Limestone, i. We find the former constituting high and lantic ranges in the neighbourhood of the coal-fields, viz. : to the N. tnnon and Coal island, in the magnificent ranges that run from nniskillen and Swanlinbar, and in fact completely encircle •"•mmon coal-field. A large area also commences at Clare-Gal way \. i : < I tlway, and extends, according to Sir Richard Griffiths's p, in an unbroken surface to Ennis and the Shannon, bordering on 1 Hare field, and thence continuing southward to form a w belt around the S. Minister field. A similar though broader to be found in Kilkenny and Tippcrary surrounding the sand- - and [ of the Castlecomer and Kilkenny basins. ii. T\ I ilp or Middle Limestone is usually an impure earthy or - lim< generally black or very dark grey, frequently of black lime>tone, separated by partings of black de. Although I rce, when compared with those found . they arc of the same typical character, Flustra, Cyathocrinus, Avicula, Posidonia, Leptcena, Ortho- cc: c. iii. The Lower Limestone forms the bulk of the central plain of Ire- sprea to the feel of the hills of old red sandstone and other >r rocks, or running up the valleys between them. The Lower illy a good grey limestone, like that of Derbyshire \ land and Wales. i the Limestones there are almost always found s< < beds of black - In S. Wales, with their flaggy Limestones in the up] er 1 their grits and sandstones below. These nay be called the Lower Limestone shales. They thicken out in co. Cork, and pass into the carboniferous slate of that district. I 2 xix ii. Geology. Introd. 5. Lyin ; below the Limestone shales is a great thickness of rock, respect- in ; which a considerable amount of discussion has prevailed amongst Irish ami English geologists. By the former it is generally claimed as the upper old rod, but from the predominance of yellow or white sand- Btone is usually known (and is coloured by Sir R. Griffith) as the Low sandstone group, and divided by him into the subordinate groups of carboniferous slate and yellow sandstone proper. " The imdary between the upper old red and the rocks below is a perfectly arbitrary one, since they graduate quite insensibly into each other." — logical Survey, For convenience sake, therefore, it is as well to describe them with the old red, which occupies a large area in the S. of Ireland that may be roughly described as extending from the southern side of the Blackwater to the coast, occasionally interrupted by a valley of limestone, such as the Lee near Cork. N. of the Blackwater it ex- tends to Clonmel (valley of the Suir), and forms the noble range of the Galty Mts. near Tipperary. N. of the Suir, near Slievenaman, we find it again running N.E. as far as Goresbridge, and crossing the valley of the Nore between Thomastown and Inistiogue. In central Ireland it is observed in patches to the W. of Lough Derg, forming the Slieve Bouohta Mountains, and from Killaloe running N.E. to Roscrea and Maryborough, surrounding a patch of upper Silurian rocks in its course. In the S.W. districts it is largely developed in the Dingle promontory, the Reeks, and Caha Mountains, and fringing the promontories of Ken mare and Bantry. In the Slieve Mish Mountains at Bautregaum, near Tralee, " the lowest beds seen are red sandstones obliquely laminated, and about 20 or 300 ft. in thickness. Above them is a conglomerate consisting of rounded pebbles, of quartz, jasper, and limestone, ce- mented together in a base of red sand. Above the conglomerate are more red sandstones and red slates, w T ith occasional calcareous beds or limestones which pass upwards into the beds of the Upper Old Red."- Geological Survey. The Old Red is of great thickness in the Dingle and Cahirciveen formations, for on the S. side of the Black Glen (Killarney) a section is obtained through part of the Glengarriff grits and purple beds which form the lowest series, of upwards of 5000 ft., and Mr.. O'Kelly deter- mines one section to the W. of the Blackwater of 8000 ft. These Glengarriff grits and Dingle beds are in all probability the equivalents of the Corn and Brownstones of Breconshire and Herefordshire. The fossils of the Old Red in Ireland are scanty, but peculiar, such as the Anodon Jukesii, a freshwater mussel, and the Cyclopter/'s Hibernica — a magnificent fern, a specimen ol* which in full fructification was dis- covered near Waterford, and at Killamery, to the E. of Slievenaman. 6. The Upper Silurians are mainly confined to the S.W. district of Kerry, commencing on the S. side of the Blackwater between Millstreet and Mallow, and occupying the greater part of the promontories of Bearhaven and Iveragh, with the western half of the Dingle promontory. These beds are the representatives of the Wenlock and Ludlow beds of Shropshire. On the shores of Lough Mask are strata which Professor ttntrod. n. Geology* xx^i 14 Iville considers to be the equivalents of the May Hill deposits — the of the Silurians passing upwards into the Wenlock beds. This riot between Lough Mask and the coast contains some unusual Silurian fossils, viz. Portlockia sublcevis, Asaphus marginatus, liar; s, &c. ,ower Silurians are more scattered. They occupy the district ;n the base of the Commeragh Mountains to Waterford, yielding A apyx nasutus, Phacops Jamesii, Asterias, Favosites, &o. They — the estuary, and cover most of the county of Wexford, uing northward as tar as Wicklow, where the Cambrian rocks show - between Ki Hough ter and Bray, The Lower Silurians are also md on tin 1 slot es k^i the Galty Mts., in a detached portion to the E. naman : and in the centre of Ireland rise from underneath the I bed in the Slieveboughty, Arra. Keeper, and Silvermine Mountains, from the W. coast of Lough Derg to near Thurles and We find them again on the E. o( the Southern and ru Railway, running; from Baltinglass to within a tew miles oi 1 . and only s-i arated from the Wicklow Silurians by an exten- . which commences at the sea-coast in Dublin Bay, - without intermission almost to New boss. V Ireland a very wide district of Lower Silurian pre- vai minencing a little to the X. of Longford, from whence it runs X.! . Armagh, Hillsborough, to Donaghadee — its southern f being a line drawn through Granard, Virginia, Kells, and The only interruptions in all this long range are in the wer limestone running southward from Carrickmacross, and s of th" Mourne Mountains. Th( l abrian rocks of Ireland are almost devoid of fossils, with the me obscure traces of Fucoids, some well-marked Annelid bur . and I ophytes found at Bray and elsewhere, known as the mtiqua and radiata. 7. S 3 of the X. of Ireland is composed of metamorphic or In 1 1 ral we have large districts of granitic and meta- rphic iposing the Derryveagh and Errigal Mountains, in- with quartz-r and mica-slates. This last is occasionally shining slates, and embraces the southern portion of D , including the peninsula of Glen and fully one-half of the U :v. The remaining half (except what is occupied by the ne), together with Antrim, is composed of tabular trap the chalk, ted with basalt (p. xxv). With the excep- f the Mourne and the Slieve Ghillion range, by the quartz Cambrian rocks and greenstones of Howth and othing but isolated traps until we reach the granites , which 8.W. through Wicklow nearly as fir as There are also several isolated trap and granite ro< sea ugh Wexford. 8. W. ol Ireland, other? ■>> intricate in its geological arran§ - , is mercifully fr< m the complications oi us rocks, the xxxii . II. Geology. In trod. oeareet point where they are found being between Limerick and Tip* penury . A good example is seen in the basaltic columns of Linfield (lite. 30), There arc also some detached traps in the central limestone plain, as at Croghan near Kdenderry. In the \V. of Inland (Connemara) they are in great force. Granite extends from Galway to Poundstone, and mica-slate with quartz-rocks occupies the remainder of the country as far as the Silurians of Lough Mask. Mica- slate is seen on the S. coast of Clew Bay, and also forms the greater portion of Ballycroy and Achill. The mountainous district of Erris is principally quartz, which abruptly displaces the yellow sandstones and limestones that extend hence to Sligo. 8. One of the most remarkable features in the geology of the central plain of Ireland is the drift which may be so frequently observed occu- pying the slopes of the valleys, and taking the form of long straight r idges. They may be studied by the traveller from Dundalk to Newbliss* from Dublin to Galway, and from Mallow to Killarney and Killorglin. " The drifts of Ireland are divided by some geologists into — 1st, Clay Drift ; 2nd, Great Drift ; 3rd, Escar Drift. The last is supposed to be the effect of eddies, as the land approached the surface. Much of Ireland has evidently been submerged long after the Boulder drift epoch ; and the rounded hills of the Escar Drift, being to a certain extent stratified quartz, must have been deposited by currents of water, and not by glaciers or floating bergs." A few words should be said of the botany of Ireland, not merely on account of its peculiarity, but because that peculiarity bears in a con- siderable degree on the earl} 7 geology of the country. The flora of Ire- land, especially in the W. and S.W., is of an Andalusian or Iberian type, according to the nomenclature of the late Professor Forbes, who believed that a great continent, which connected Spain and Ireland, was formed by the upheaval of the Miocene Tertiaries, and that this tract bore the peculiar fauna and flora which are still met with in the Azores, Madeira, Spain, and Ireland. For instance, the Trichomanes radicans, found at Killarney, is only found elsewhere in the north of Africa, Madeira, the West Indies, and Western Spain. The Arbutus, indigenous to Kil- larney, is found indigenous only in N. W. Spain. The Saxifrage, 01 London Pride, of which there are six species, is confined to Ireland and the Spanish Mediterranean shores. The heaths, again — Erica Mac- kayana, Mediterranea, and Daboecia, all typical heaths — are of Anda- lusian kindred. " One of the orchis tribe, Spiranthes gemmifera, grows upon the coast of the county of Cork, and many botanists are of opinion that this plant is not to be found in any other portion of the world. However, more recent observations tend to establish a relationship between it and another species abundant in Western Europe." — St. James's Magazine. All these facts, whether altogether tenable or not, are unusually interesting, as throwing light on the early condition of a large country by means of a science which is not generally suffi- ciently studied with a view to collateral results. Introd. in. P ints of Interest for Geologist and Botanist* xxxiii Tli ' >-:i>t should on no account omit paying a visit to the Mu- [rish Industry in Stephen's Green before lie commences his In the country, as, in addition io the specimens of rocks Is that he will find there, he will be able to obtain the neees- y information from the officers of the Survey, who are ever ready- He should also gel the small geological map of Sir R. -. which is reduced from his large one, and only costs a lew shillings. The pamphlets of the Survey, called 'Explanations of lie b uides that can be taken for those districts ich ar iribed in them, and the sheets of the map of the Geological which are published separately, should be purchased for any • to be closely examined. They can be obtained at the Museum, or. - md Smith's in (irai'ton-street. 111. Points of [ntkbest for the Gkot.ogist. - on the W. Bhore of 1 igh, n< - 1 1 Ifast 1 ' } 1..W V Snare b, t a < < n Pundi Ik and New- 1 l of Mang< rton and Killarney vail Moraines in Gap 1 ' Portmsh. Ju chalk and basalt at 1 » , luce. I lianVfl Can and I d. • ' r :dl. B< If Gi^ Hill q in chalk and Ditl i I • j i \' oagfa id K< N R d fishes). \ Coal 1 ~ : ;iii'l c-'iiii ri< . « r. Bel- linoni 1. Coal - plants and llycast lli« ri< Murlnu^h I'. Coal with and under ; It. in lower car- H Florence i >urt. niferous linn - 1 ' found I R -'. . P( adonis with both valves found in carboni- ferous shah s. Hook Point, Wexford. Lower car- boniferous limestone. Crinoids in remarkable preservation. Marble Arch, Cuilcagh, EnnisMllen. Cork. Lower carboniferous lime- >ne. Good Cephalopoda and ( rasteropoda. Carboniferous sandstones at Kilkee. Tracks of marine animals. Upper limestones of Galway and Lough Corrib. Pigeon-hole at Cong. Knocknarea, Sligo. Upper lime- ne. Liough Neagh. Lignites. Lisbellaw near Enniskillen. Silurian conglomerates. Mncfcross. Y\ llow sandstone. S ction al Bantry Bay from Glcn- n iff grits to earb. slates. Glengarriff grits and Purple beds, Gap of Dunloe and the Reeks. Flank.- of Slieve Mish, Tralee. Yel- low sandstone. Upper Silurians, Loujrh Mask; Pas- Bage from May Hill beds into Wenlock. Ferritor's Cove, Dingle. Good U] >per Silurian fossils. Chair of Baldare. Lower Silurians. Kilnaleck, near Longh Sheelin. An- thracite coal in Lower Silurians. < ourtown, co. Wexford. Lower Silu- rifi XX XIV iv. Industrial Resources — The Flax-plant. In trod. Tramore, Waterfard. Lower Silu- rians; Bala beds. Bray. Cambrian rocks. Oldhamia radiata and antiqua. Howth and Ireland's Eye. Ditto. Killiney. The shore of the bay, at low water, shows veins of granite traversing mica schist with layers of Staurolite, &c. Granites of Donegal. Tabular traps of M'Gilligan and Keady. Killamery, near Clonmel. Yellow sandstone. Oyclopteris Hibernica. For the Botanist. Dargle and Powerscourt. Muckish and Donegal hills. Lough Gartan, Donegal. Narrow Water Castle, Newry. Slieve Ban, Kostrevor. Colin Glen, Belfast. Lough Bray ) Glencree S Benbulben, Shgo. Lough Easke, Donegal. Grey Abbey, Down. Valley of the Lee, Cork. Pinguicula grandiflora. Muilrea Mt. Erica Mediterr. Burren Mt. Dryas octopetala. Killarney, Tore, Carrantuoghal. Portmarnock. Benyevenagh. M'Gilligan. Urrisbeg (Roundstone). Erica Mac- kayana and Mediterranea. Pass of Keimaneigh (London Pride). Cave Hill, Belfast. Connor Mt. \ Dingle, Sibthorpia Brandon Mt. f Europsea. Coast near Dundrum. Slieve Donard range. Dungiven, Valley of the Roe. Hungry Hill, Glengarriff. Devenish Island. IV. Industrial Resources. 1. — The Flax-plant. Of all the articles of commerce yielded by Ireland, flax may be said to be the most valuable, if not the staple trade ; and although the flax- producing and linen-making area does not comprise more than a third of Ireland, the numbers of those engaged in the trade, together with its social features, at once stamp it as the manufacture par excellence of the country. Although linen is mentioned in early times, it was not till the 17th cent, that it became an article of much importance, a great deal of encouragement having been given by Lord Strafford, the then Lord Lieutenant, and many improvements introduced by Louis Crom- melin, a French refugee, who settled at Lisburne. Since his day it has considerably increased, though not to the extent that might be supposed, the number of acres that were sown in 1861 being only 147,866. The flax-plant (Linum usitatissimum) requires a dry, loamy soil, which is considered by some to be much impoverished by the crop. This is, however, a mistake ; for it has been proved, that, if not grown oftener than once in 10 years on the same soil, it is not of an exhaustive nature. The average yield is from 30 to 35 stones per acre, and the average profit from 4:1. to 51., though it has been known under favourable circumstances to have reached as much as 14Z. The (lax-seed is sown about April, at the rate of about two bushels Introd. iv. Industrial Res x—The Flax-jtmt. ixxv E icrlish acre, and at a depth of an inch below the surface, ien gently harrowed and rolled, great care being taken s lv removed before the plant becomes too high. The conditions of sowing del end on whether the tanner wishes , d or superiority of fibre. " When seed is the principal object, is sown thinlv; when fibre, on the contrary, as thickly as , wlt h satetv be allowed, for the purpose of drawing up ong thin 11S and -ainin- thereby a fine quality oi fibre. -Charity, lhe ,1 the sten .uld be .tone in fine weather, the next ope- in passing the tops of the plants through a sort oi , called a " rippled the object of which is to remove the flax I 3 which aiv lu u of seed. The stems, bound in Reaves, are then | in streams o( water for from 10 to 1 1 nays wbi( ) a process of fermentation goes on, dissolving out oi a liuant ity of nitrogen and inorganic material, rhey are Jen . ,,,1 lightly over a gras^field to dry- The ravelle , during tl ping and drying season is not likely to iorget ifted with a nose insensible to odours, lor the whole be impregnated with the pungent and nlthy smell. n up from the grass, the fibre is separated trom the eration termed "scutching, in some districts X .'U . and in others by machinery, consisting oi a hon- ith nn leu blades attached, revolving and acting on the In L852 there were 956 scutching-mills at work m i,v water, others by steam. The flax being now market, and is taken by the grower to the various x-markets are held, such as Derry, Strabaue, Armagh, in , Arc, where it comes into competition with Belgian n productions. The next pro ft spmmng, the nrst ing, according to the different yarns required ; " in which the fibre is still further combed and ,i machinery, which is now the agent until the linen . "drawn" for the purpose oi having all tne and is then transferred to the spiniimg-jennies. The pally at Belfast, although try no means con- v: tl re in the whole of Ireland upwards of 82 in, li- nearly 7< Ospindles. Lhe various localities ,t j.rmluctions; for instance— Lisburn, for damasks; - nd lawns; Armagh, for heavy linens; Ballymena, . for brown and colour ods, &c. lhe exports n mh amounted to 65,000,000 yards ot linen, and . i linen yarn and thn-ad. We must not forget in con- . the imiortant trade of sewed muslins, which gives irlv lialt-a-million people ; or the manufacture oi starch largely carried on at Belfast, 10 firms employing i quart f wheat. A vigorous efforl is now hem- made ultnre to the S. and W. of Ireland, an ms now between 3000 and 4000 aciea under oj ai cl : bZ xxxvi IV. Industrial Resources — Agriculture. In trod. cultivation, while Kilkenny county alone possesses over 2000. In Connaught, too, notwithstanding the discontinuance of the government grant that formerly existed, the crop has become very popular, and is likely to be more so as the people become sensible of its value. 2. — Agriculture. Although a dissertation on farming scarcely comes within the^ province of a Handbook, a few statistics may not be uninteresting ; for, apart from the interest necessarily excited by the prosperity or ill-success of Ireland as a social topic, the traveller cannot fail to have noticed the extraordinary conditions of surface which are characteristic of the greater part of the country. From inquiries made in 1862, it appears that the quantity of land under tillage, and the number of live stock, had considerably decreased; there being, in 1862, 2,552,223 acres under cereal crops, showing a decrease of 73,734 acres from the year before. There was a decrease of nearly the same extent in green crops, and what is rather more serious, a decrease of more than 116,000 acres under potatoes. As a consequence, there has been a diminution in live stock in all save the matter of pigs. But, though there appeared a de- crease as compared with one year's produce, there was a vast increase if we take an average of the last 20 years ; the reason being " that the agriculture of Ireland as a whole is greatly advanced. Examples of management have been extensively multiplied in all districts ; in some localities the farming shows universal improvement in the adoption of alternate husbandry and stall-feeding, in draining and building, and the management of manurei and tillage processes ; while in other parts of the country no perceptble progress has been made." An enormous amount of good has been effected by the working of the Encumbered Estates Court, which has disposed of lands to the amount of nearly 24,000,000Z., and established a Parliamentary title over nearly 3,500,000 acres. As a consequence, a large amount of capital has been introduced into the country, bringing in its wake all the modern improvements of scientific farming. Of course in such an extensive area, embracing so many geological formations and soils, every variety of agriculture is to be seen. In Cork co. the great feature consists in dairies, from which no less than 200,000 cwts. of salt-butter are annually sold in Cork market. Thus in this county grazing lands predominate, although there is a fair pro- portion of tillage. The district principally consists of old red sandstone, with friable sandy loams, rented at from 18s. to 30s. per acre, and in the limestone valleys at 40s. There are several model farms in the vicinity of Cork, amongst which may be mentioned that of Mr. St. John Jefferies, at Blarney, who farms 2500 acres ; and the Duke of Devon- shire's model farm at Lismore. The land in co. Kerry is not nearly so rich, most farms having bog or mountain land in connexion, the value being estimated by the " collop," equal to the maintenance of one cow ; so that a farm con- Introd. iv. Industrial Resources — Agriculture. xxxvu tains so many oollops, acooidmg to its size and qualities. The wild mountains maintain a good many sheep and cattle, oi which the Bar- famed Kerry cow is a peculiar feature; though, in consequence oi the fancy prices given by Englishmen, the true Kerry breed is very scarce. In the lands which border the Lakes ofKillamey a good deal oi fine wheat is grown. , There is productive grass and tillage land m co. Limerick, particu- larly along the banks of the Shannon, where the alluvial land called xtraordinarily rich quality, and yields 3J tons to the acre without flooding or manure. The best farming will be found < a Dunraven's estate at Adare, and in the neighbourhood ol Rathkeale. Tipperary poss sses grazing-lands of high quality and fertility, and mports a large class of graziers and dairymen. No county can show more improvement than Galway, which supports a great number of ■heep and cattle, and has, particularly in the E. districts, some very tine farms, such as that, of Mr. Pollock, near Lalhnasloc (hte. 14). • rhbourhood of Clifden, too, a considerable amount oi miprove- m , ,,11 of barren lands has taken place. mbraces a quantity of small farms, " exhibiting the same sloth ,verty that characterised them generations ago." The Larl o: m, i s t h< _ it landholder in this county, and cultivates one ot the I in Ireland at Castlebar. _ m is a producer of sheep and horned stock, which thrive well on the rich grazing-lands produced by the overflowings of the ck and the Shannon. From hence, right through the centre of Ireland, including Westmeath and Meath, we find the principal dstrict, by far the greatest number and the best sort of stock in these pastures. Westmeath contains also a certain ount°of tillage as well as grazing farms. Cavan is a butter intry with much grass depastured by cattle, but few sheep; but to th, v. v.. enter .[iiite a different character of land, Tyrone being Qy plough-land and lea under grazing or hay. The neat e of the farm-steadings is a great contrast to the of those in the W. " Both Tyrone and Derry display minute farming i d corn-land, unadapted for permanent pasture, by aD m 8> thrift v population, mainly dependent upon flax, oats, ah . and i : ring and improving under the security of tenure by peculiar Ulster tenant-right." flax-crop, the particulars of which are detailed in p. xxx, is a rtq | U ce m Derry, Tyrone, Antrim, and Down, and exercises a ailiar characteristic influence over the husbandry of the districts. wilds i >f 1 Donegal a vast amount of reformation is needed amongst e thinly-scattered and poor population, though a great improvement ady been effected by the labours of Lord George ilill in his tte (Rte. 10). Alon" the E. coast we find that Kildare is about the best-farmed coi ur 1 Waterford the worst; the former containing line tillage land With large, well-kept farms ; and the latter presenting wretched xxxv iii iv. Industrial Resources — Minerals. Introd. small-farm husbandry, " with half-starved oat-crops, and lazy-bed potatoes; yet with localities exhibiting great advance, where good land- lords and considerate agents are assisting in building and draining, and generally instructing the tenants in better modes of farming." M The tenure of landed property varies considerably. Formerly the custom prevailed of granting leases, either in perpetuity, for 999 years, or for lives renewable for ever, with or without renewal fine... Hence some of the owners of very large estates receive a very small share of the actual profits. The leases commonly granted at present are for 61, 31, or 21 years, with very frequently a life or lives. Estates are of every extent, from a very small quantity to 50,000 acres, and every holder who lias under-tenants assumes the grade and bearings of a gen- tleman. Hence the class of respectable yeomen is scarcely known. The cottier system, by which the occupying tenant receives a patch of land, in part or whole payment of wages, and that of rundale, in which a large tract is held by a number of individuals in common, are still prevalent in places." — Thorns ' Directory. 9 3. — Minerals. A. Coal. — The geology of the Irish coal-fields has been explained in p. xxvi, and it only now remains to give their statistical produce. Accord- ing to the last Mining Records, the following is the number of collieries, of which about one-third were not working; : — Ballycastle coal-basin . . . . 2 Tyrone ,, .... 3 Leitrim „ .... 7 Castiecomer and Carlo w . . 33 Munster (Slieve Ardagh) .. 15 „ (Kanturk) .. .. 2 „ (Limerick) .. .. 7 The total produce of the coal-fields was 120,630 tons, of which 80,420 tons were anthracite. Coal-mining is, however, carried on in too desul- tory a manner to be considered as a national branch of commerce as it is in Great Britain, from which country, consequently, nine-tenths of the whole supply is brought. B. Although Turf cannot be called a mineral, yet its general substi- tution for the purposes of coal entitles it to consideration amongst the industrial resources of Ireland. Indeed, no tourist can help being struck with the vast amount of turf which he sees either being cut or stacked for drying in the inland counties, or with the universal topic of conver- sation with respect to the turf-crop, the success or ill-success of which brings comfort or tribulation to hundreds and thousands of poor families. Various attempts have been made to dry and compress peat, so as to utilise it instead of coal, and a company is working at Ballymena with that object. The late Lord Willoughby d'Eresby and Mr. Charles Williams paid much attention to the subject, and the latter brought several plans into operation ; one of which was, to dry the turf and then impregnate it with tar, by which it was rendered incapable of absorbing more moisture, and made more calorific. Another plan was to break up the fibre of the fresh-cut turf, and then subject it to strong hydraulic Intro!. iv. Industrial Resources — Mi\ erals. xxxix ire, by which the water was driven out. This compressed peat only about 5s. per ton, and moreover makes a very fine coke, nsity of which is greater than that of wood charcoal. < . / . — Although iron-ore in sonic shape or other is plentiful in Ireland, iron-making 3, with one exception, not carried on at all ; rtly owing to the difficulty of obtaining the necessary fuel for elting purpos -.and partly to the disrepute brought on iron-making dertakings by the affairs of the Arigna Company (p. xxviii), which check to the development of the trade. The brown 1 oxide occurs in abundance in the Tyrone coal-field, together Qstone in the Connaughl and Leinster fields ; in the former lundanl (at Arigna) ;is to have given the name of Slieve-ni- in (^ Iron Mountain) to one of the hills. In th a dist Achill and Donegal a large quantity of re is raised and shipped for Liverpool. It is valuable from ability, and its adaptation t<> tine castings. - of spat hose and hydrate oxide, and 2000 tons of ►m the Belfast district, were imported. 1 >. s I in Ireland, though principally worked in >f Dublin and Wicklow, "the veins crossing in ue direction the junction of the granite with the mica slate." mure vein is the finest in the district, having been traced for . .nd being usually ."> ft. wide, yielding about 4 tons of galena fathom. The Lugganure and ( rlendalough mines yielded, if lead-ore and 2828 of silver-ore. irincipal mines in Ireland are at Newtownards, co. Down, the :ies in Armagh, and some mines in Waterford; the total 2 229S ' 3, yielding 1407 of lead. The Mining f Ireland have large smeiting-works at Bally corus, near Bray. 1 '. -minee have been divided by Sir liobert Kane into tin — 1. Wicklow group, which comprises the works at Ballymurtagh, Ti I (lit.-. 24). e Waterford group embraces the mines at Knockmahon. • of quartz, and produce native copper, gnlptn oxide, and grey copper-ore. k and Kerr tp contains the Audley, Eoaring Water, . md the Ailihies mines near Berehaven. iv all these mines find their way to the Swansea ■meltirj - . and yielded, in 1857, 8000 tons of ore, producing 916 \ alne i ' »/. 1'. I Ldition to t : pie articles of commerce, there are a few Others which are only locally important ; such as the salt-mines at Dim- cm . ir Bell ; gold deposits of Wicklow, at Croghan-Kinshcel a 2J 1); and the working and quarrying of the. different rocks, such rboniferous Limestone, steatite (in Achill), ^c. \ very valuable industrial resource has of late years been de- in tbe :' Ireland, which are now being carried on in manner, the result of private enterprise, assisted by the xl v. Travelling View. Introd. salutary legislation which has within the last few years happily come into fashion. It is a curious fact, that during the great famine in the west, although salmon and other fish was in abundance, and to be had for the catching, scarce one of the starving peasantry would touch it. Perhaps, if it had been more difficult to obtain, it would have been more valuable. Galway is indebted to Mr. Ashcroft for the perseverance with which he has bred young salmon, and formed a salmon-walk be- tween Loughs Mask and Corrib. The same may be said of the late Mr. Cooper of Markree, who placed salmon-ladders at Bally sadare, and thus created an extremely valuable fishery. The fisheries on the Moy at Ballina, on the Erne at Ballyshannon, on the Grweebarra at Doocharry Bridge, on the Bann at Coleraine, and on the Shannon at Killaloe, are, it is to be hoped, but beginnings of a profitable and economical trade. Y. Tbavelling View. The first thing for the intending traveller in Ireland is to make up his mind by what route he shall enter the island. He has plenty of choice from which to select, according to his locality in the sister coun- try, his love or horror of the sea-passage, and other circumstances. The routes by sea are as follows : — 1. From Holyhead to Kingstown twice every day by the mail steamers, Connaught, Ulster, Leinster, and Munster — four of the most splendid and serviceable boats in any country. This is the route patronised by ninety -nine out of a hundred tourists and travellers, from its speed, comfort, punctuality, and short sea-passage. The distance is oniy 66 m., which is almost invariably performed in four hours. 2. From Holyhead to Dublin direct is a slower though rather more economical way of proceeding. The time occupied is about six hours, as the steamers are more calculated for carrying cargoes than for running at a high speed. 3. From Liverpool to Dublin the distance is 137 m., and the dura- tion of passage 12 hours. This route cannot be recommended, except to the traveller who has plenty of time on his hands. 4. From Stranraer (Portpatrick) to Larne is a convenient and easy passage for those who live in the North of England and want to get to the North of Ireland. The sea-passage is only 2 hours, though the sail up the respective lochs occupies f of an hour more.* From Larne a rly. recently opened conveys the traveller to Belfast. The shortest steamer route, viz. from Portpatrick to Donaghadee, was abolished when the mail station at that port was closed. It will, however, be no doubt re-established, now that there is direct rly. com- munication from Belfast. 5. From Fleetwood to Belfast is a favourite route for northern tourists, and is in connection with the Midland Ely. The distance between the two ports is 120 m., taking 12 hours in its performance. * This passage has been temporarily suspended in consequence of the traffic being in- sufficient. Introd. V. Travelling View. xli 6. From Whitehaven to Belfast, the sea-passage is only 9 hoars, but there is not the same amount of travelling accommodation as there is hy the Fleetwood route. 7. 'From Milford Haven to Waterford a mail steamer sails daily, in anection with the Great Western and South Wales Rlys. It is a fine passage o( about 10 hours, though one requiring smooth water for the enjoyment v( it. Prom Bristol to Cork, Waterford, and Wexford, calling at Tenhy and Swansea. Length of passage, IS hours. '.». From Newport and Cardiff to Cork. These last two routes are principally for heavy traffic, although large numbers of passengers lil themselves of the steamers from Bristol, which are well-found, sailing boats. Through fares are in every ease provided for by the London and N >rth- Western, Great Western, and Midland Lilys., which provide for * by the Holyhead, Milford, and Morecamb steamers v. Lut the tourist during the summer months should by all means provide himself with a M tourist's ticket," which is avail- able : ae month, and is issued by the London and Norths-Western an Western Companies, enabling the traveller to break his journ all the principal places worth seeing, w T hcre he may long as he likes, provided he returns within the time speci- alties him to see a certain district with great economy and precision, though, of course, it will not be of much use in a prolonged ;r. The tariff of prices, times, and arrangement of transits, can always be found in the current ' Bradshaws,' without which, together with a ' Falconer's Irish Eailway Guide,' the tourist should never ivel. The London and North-Western tourist's ticket entitles the holder to stop at Chester, Bangor, Holyhead, and Dublin, as long as he likes, provided he returns within the month. Fares from Euston to Lakes of Killarney are 115s. 1st class, 95s. 2nd class, via Holy- ie Giant's Causeway, 63s. and 50s., via Fleetwood; 90s. and 3 harne. For Lough Erne, 96s. and 76s., via Fleetwood; 115s. a: s. via Lame. Tourists from Dublin only can obtain supplemental tickets for the north, or Killarney, at the offices of the different rl land is becoming well supplied with railways, which have already effected incalculable good, and, as they increase, are likely to effect still more, by bringing fresh capital into the country, by cheapening the carriage of all marketable and agricultural produce, and by opening up what were formerly wild and unfrequented districts, to the ap- proaches of civilisation — breaking down the barriers of prejudice and ignorance, and bringing the inhabitants of the two sister isles into 3er intercourse, to which even the narrow-minded rancour fostered by party big< ts must yield in course of time. The lines at present running through the country are : — 1. The Great Southern and Western, from Dublin to Cork, a distance of 166 miles, embracing in its system branches t<> Carlow, Athl< Parsonstown, Nenagh, Tralee, and Fermoy. Jn addition this company xlii v. Travelling View. In trod. subsidises and works the lines of the Irish Sonth-Eastern from Carlow to Kilkenny and Hallyw illiam ; also the direct Cork and Limerick, from Charleville to Limerick. 2. The Midland Great Western is next in length and importance, connecting Dublin with Galway, and intersecting Ireland right through the centre. Its branches are to Cavan, SiigQ, Clara, Tuam, and West- port ; the last named, which starts from Athlone, helongs to the North- ern and Western Company, although worked by the Midland; while partly working with it, though governed by a different company, is (3) the Dublin and Meath Eailway, branching off from Olonsilla and running to Navan and Kells. 4. The Irish North-Eastern runs from Dundalk to Enniskillen, and from thence to Londonderry. The branches are generally short and unimportant, viz. to Cootehill, Cavan (via Clones), Fintona, Stranorlar (via the Finn Valley), and from Omagh to Dungannon, where it meets a branch of 5. The Ulster line, which mainly connects Belfast with Portadown, sending off divergences from thence to Armagh, Monaghan, and Clones, as well as to Dungannon and Banbridge. 6. The Dublin and Drogheda rly. connects those two towns, and gives off a branch to Howth, and one to Navan, Kells, and Oldcastle. 7. Between Drogheda and Portadown is the Dublin and Belfast Junction, which thus completes the link between those two cities. It has only one short branch to Banbridge. 8. From Belfast northw T ard is the Northern Counties, which runs partly along the coast to Londonderry, giving off branches to Carrick- fergus, Piandalstown, Newtownlimavaddy, and Portrush. Working in connection with the Carrickfergus branch is (9) a short line to Lame, from whence a steamer plies to Stranraer. 10. From Deny also runs the Lough S willy line to Buncrana, by which the tourist can visit Bathmelton and the district on the shores of the Lough. 11. The Belfast and County Down provides for the traffic to Dona- ghadee and Downpatrick, with short subsidiary lines to Ballynahinch, Hollywood, and Bangor. 12. While in this district we must not forget to mention the line from Newry to Armagh, and (13) the little Warrenpoint andNewry Railway. 14. The Dublin and Wicklow lines have two rlys. out of Dublin — one from Harcourt-street to Bray direct, the other by the coast through Kingstown and Killarney ; the main rly. running from Bray to Wicklow and Enniscorthy, from whence an extension is being made to Wexford. A short branch runs from Wooden Bridge to Shillelagh. 15. The Waterford and Limerick Co. accommodates these two cities, crossing the Southern and Western at Limerick Junction; and the same directorate provides for the management of (16) the Waterford and Kilkenny, (17) Limerick and Ennis, (18) Limerick and Foynes, and (lij) Limerick, Killaloe, and Nenagh lines. 2(j. The little Tramore Railway carries the citizens of Waterford to their ba thin sr-ra ach i n es. A line has just been opened from Cork to Maeroofn, passing through JBallincoliig, Introd. v. Travelling View. Jtliii The only remaining ones are (21) the Cork and Youghal, with a inch to Queenstown : (22) Cork and Passage, a suhurbaD short rail- w;i I miles ; and (23) the Cork and Bandon lines, the latter sendi otT a branch to Kin sale. In addition to these a large number are projected, some of which will >bably be "faits accom] lis," while the greater part will tall into oblivion, some features in which Irish differ from English rlys.' of which the most striking are the enormous distances between the sta- ll (in tin- \V. and S.) the comparatively thin population all nnd, which makes the traveller who is accustomed to the crowded traffic and numerous stations of the English lines wonder what there can iri the country t<> sup] ort a rly. There is also an absence of mineral -. which are the great Bupport of manufacturing district lines. It remarked that the lines in Ireland are made much than in England from the decreased value of the land, added the general rate of travelling is very much slower, and the QUI - I SS. inland navigation scarcely affects the tourist one way or another, baf Id n<»t ho right to pass it over altogether on that account. 1. . Royal Canal connects the Shannon with the Irish Channel, and U m. in length, starting from Dublin, and ending at Termon- 1 ■ • 5 mnon. The summit-level is 322 ft. above the sea, and from Lough Owel, near Mullingar. A branch is sent off from rd. 1 anal also starts from Dublin, and runs to the Shannon d Harbour, sending off branches to Ballinasloe, Naas, Athy, tarlin_ r tnn, and Kill i, the total length heins 160 m.* ; ' anal connects Lough Neagh by the Blackwater with U] Lough Erne, ssing by Monaghan and Clones. mmunic with the Grand Canal at Athy is the Barrow Navi- unning | irlow, Bag< nalstown, and Borris, to the s< a at Boss. extends from Drogheda to Slane by the rr id thi .in by canal. anal con mences at Fathom, below Newry, and ends at P wn, wh< the Bann, and so to Lough Neagh. Tyrone Navigation connects Lough Neagh by the Blackwater I, near Dungannon, 8. Ti il accommodates Belfast and Lisburn, and affords a v vav to Loimh N> agh. S annon is navigable from Lough Allen to Limerick, a dis- 143 m. ; a portion of which, between Killaloe and Athlone, is sr- for and is partly employed in the use of steamers. It is to wever, that such an interesting route is not better 1 rrib is now well supplied with appliances, as a •ween Galway and Cong. • For | a on this lin<. in Conner day?, the tourist should -uit ' Jack Hint*.: xliv V. Travelling View. Tntrod. 11. A steamer also plies on Lough Erne between Enniskillen and Belleek. Where the rail has not yet penetrated, the land is well supplied with coaches or public cars, the times and seasons of which will be found in the monthly lily. Guide. The Irish car is such a peculiar and charac- teristic institution that it will not be amiss to give a brief sketch of the author of the system, Mr. Charles Bianconi, of Long-field, near Cashel. A native of Milan, he arrived in Ireland about 1800, and set up in Clonmel as a picture-dealer. He was early struck with the want of accommodation that existed between the various towns of the district, and brooded over the idea until, having saved some money, he deter- mined to try and supply some of the deficiency by starting his first car in 1815 between Clonmel and Cahir. The foresight and the pluck evinced in this proceeding was wonderful in those days, when locomotion was not the necessity that it is now, and has long ere this reaped its just reward. Although meeting with many reverses, and — what is worse in the trial of a new scheme — with much indifference, people gradually be- gan to make use of this solitary conveyance, until its owner was encouraged to run others to Limerick and Thurles. Since then the system has taken deep root, and, until the spread of railways, was the grand artery of communication over all the length and breadth of the land. A few years ago, before the engine had knocked some of the road conveyances off, Mr. Bianconi had in his establishment upwards of 45 double ears, travelling over 3600 miles daily. It is satisfactory to relate that his perseverance and spirit has been rewarded as it deserved, and that he is still looked upon, in the character of a country gentleman, as one of Ireland's greatest benefactors. The greater number of the roads are serviced by cars instead of coaches, and there is no doubt but that the long car is better suited to the country than the coach. Its advantages are that it holds a great many, in addition to a fabulous quantity of luggage that is deposited in the well ; moreover, accidents can rarely happen on account of the even balance afforded by the passengers ; and should such occur, the traveller, unless he be blind or halt, can at once reach the ground with a very moderate amount of risk. Its disadvantages are, that there are no inside places for bad weather or delicate passengers. The following hints are worth attending to previous to a journey on a car. Ascertain which way the wind is blowing, if the weather is cold or likely to be bad, and choose your side accordingly, as the tourist will find it no slight comfort to hear the rain beating on the other side while the well and the luggage shelter him. Aprons are provided in the car ; at the same time, a private waterproof apron is a great convenience; added to which, the traveller should obtain a strap by which he may buckle himself to the seat during night journeys, and thus go safely to sleep without fear of being jerked forward. For seeing the view, the driver's box is, of course, the " post of vantage," but it is not comfortable, and cannot be recommended for a long journey. In conclusion, a good word should be said for the drivers of the Bianconi cars, who are, with scarcely an exception, steady, obliging, and civil men, and plea- In trod. V. Travelling Viae. xlv t companions to boot. Indeed, it may be acknowledged with truth, that the traveller in Ireland, as a general rale, meets with ready and cheerful civility: and, tor the comfort of those who sit at home and 1 the accounts of those unfortunate agrarian outrages, that it is a rare occurrence to hear of any stranger being molested in any way — i fact which seems to arise more from the native politeness of 1 Irish character than from love o\ the Saxon. Over cross-roads and in vet unaccommodated with public conveyances, the traveller Idom have difficulty in obtaining a one-horse car. Posting is much cheaper in Inland than in England, cars being rarely more than 6d. a mile"' 3on, and 8d. for two, although in some tourists' districts th( wners have raised their tariff rather higher. In addition to this, io turnpikes to be paid— all the roads being kept (and very ) by a county fund. Before engaging the car, particular |uiries should' he made' as to the distance, and whether it is com- English miles, as in some districts they charge for , while in the W. and X.W. the distances are Irish. In a long lerahle difference, for 4 English statute mi s. All the distances in the Handbook are given in . as it is calculate the difference, and, moreover, rowing tendency to assimilate them to the English measnre, which will, no doubt, ><><.n pervade the entire country. A • v hints may he useful to the tourist. Never give to beggars. Win ' ir or coach stops, swarms of impudent mendicants rise i if by magic, and try which can excel the other in noisy whining d fak To give to these is simply wrong, for they are mostly irs by choice, and not from necessity. If work were offered to would in all probability refuse it— preferring to lead a life of idleness to honest labour. The tonrist may well wonder r in the social laws, or to what misplaced soft-heartedness in tl a of the civic rulers, these intolerable nuisances owe their :itinuan< ul how yon engacrc yourself in any discussion or opinion on ilarly religion-, subjects. The traveller will Boon fii. r himself that party spirit attains a pitch which is unknown in and : that extreme statements are in many districts the rule an ptiou ; and that a dispassionate and unprejudiced f a national subject is not always to be obtained. Tl tores of Ireland are unfortunately so mixed up with politi es, that the tourist had better make his own observations on them, and keep them to himself. He will find much to admire, espe- illy in t! spitality and warm-heartedness which seem to be every mmai ' ht. lie will also find some things to condemn ; it he cannot fail to return home interested in Ireland's social ] gress, and with an earnest hope that she will some day thoroughly and trul I the real Love that England has for her, and that the I ie in time t<» consider that " repale from the Sassenach" would be the worst thing that could happen to him. xlvi vi. Antiquities. In trod. VI. — Antiquities. In the matter of antiquarian remains, Ireland is a Tadmor or a Nineveh, For throughout the length and breadth of the land, ruins of. some sort or other are scattered in melancholy profusion, and scarce a barony or parish but has its castle, abbey, church, round tower, or, may be, still more primitive and early remains. Under these circumstances, the traveller must not be surprised at meeting a considerable resemblance to each other in the different ruins, remembering that each marks an era when a particular style of building was prevalent. Irish antiquities cannot be divided better than has been done by Mr. Wakeman, in his excellent little Handbook (the only fault of which is its brevity), viz. : Pagan, Early Christian, and Anglo-Irish remains. I. Pagan may be subdivided into — 1. Religions — a. Sepulchral — such as Cromlechs, Caves, Mounds, and Cairns. b. Memorial — Pillars, Steles, Inscribed Stones. 2. Military — Raths, Forts, &c. a. The Cromlech, about which there has been much discussion with reference to its use, would appear to have been used as a sepulchral monument in the dark ag;es antecedent to the Christian era ; since fre- quent discoveries, made at different times, strongly militated against the formerly received opinion that they were used for sacrificial purposes. A singular feature in the cromlechs, and one which seems to have been generally overlooked, is their usual position, overlooking or very near to the sea ; cromlechs in the interior of the country being compara- tively uncommon. The same peculiarity is noticeable in the crom- lechs of North and South Wales. In Ireland there are some fine speci- mens, though few that have not suffered from the hand of time or still more from ruthless destruction. Amongst these may be mentioned the cromlechs of Mount Venus, Howth, and Shanganagh, near Dublin; Broadstone, near Ballymena ; Kilclooney, near Narin, co. Donegal ; the cromlechs on island Magee and co. Antrim, and at Knockeen, co. WaterforcL Tumuli. — Monuments of this class abound in Ireland, from the simple cairn, which is common, to the rare and magnificent barrow, on which every species of barbarous ornamentation was lavished. The line of tumuli running from Drogheda to Slane, of which New- grange and Dowth are the principal, are in themselves worth a pilgrim- to see, and cannot fail to strike the beholder with astonishment at the wonderful skill with which the interior is constructed, and with the ingenuity and taste of the carving on the stones. The Pagan Irish looked upon the sepulture of their kings and heroes as the most im- portant and venerable rite. They appear to have interred the body in both a horizontal and perpendicular position, or else to have performed Introd. vi. Antiquities. xlvii incremation. "The small square stone grave, or kistvaen, containing single cinerary urn, placed beneath the surface of the soil and so fre- quently exposed by the spade ; the collection of urns, apparently marking site of an ancient cemetery, possibly that of a battlefield ; the grassy »und and the massive cromlech breaking the level outline of the land- pe : the large stone circle, or the oblong enclosure, popularly termed ut's _ ■ ••;' the huge temple-like barrow, with its enveloping und of Btones or earth (the Western type of the true Oriental pyramid) : the simple, rude pillar-stone ; the Ogham-inscribed mono- lith or I sculptured cross; the wayside monument; the horizontal si oe : the stone coffin ; the modern vault or stately mausoleum ; the carved recumbent figure in the decorated abbey, as well as the dern tablet in the modern church, all afford abundant examples of the US - ne materials in sepulchral and funeral rites, and evince iety and reverence with which the dead were regarded in Ireland from the very earliest time." — Wi/'/f's Catalogue of H. I. A. Of r the purpose of holding the ashes of the dead, beautiful s ar<- to 1 - q in the Academy Museum in Dublin, ornamented :li most cunning workmanship. The usual position of these urns, I, has been in small kists or churches. The tumulus, or urn, like that at Newgrange, is of a different order of sepulture, sists a large cavern, which contained one or more sarcophagi, and wore probably also the receptacles of treasure. The Danes wee is opinion, as we read of their having broken open the G bhan's wife at Drochat-atha, now Drogheda, a.d. 862. 81 me circles and avenues are not uncommon, and are sometimes found d with sepulchral mounds, and at others apparently isolated. In - . they were evidently used for marking with greater effect - cred enclosure, as is the case at Newgrange, where the circle sur- round tumulus; in the latter case, however, it is probable that - \ to consecrate some spot to which unusual reverence was i reli or judicial associations: such as the Giant's Eing -; circles and raths in Hazlewood demesne, co. y Bill, near Raphoe ; Slieve na Griddle, near Down- :. An example of a burying-ground on a large scale will be found m, in co. Roscommon, one of the cemeteries celebrated equally with those of the Boyne district. Detached and isolated graves, ularly spoken of as giant's "beds," are far from uncommon : ex- ay 1 e found at Lough ( Jur. ial. — Pillars were used from the earliest times to mark the place of interment or to commemorate some deed. In these cases th< y les ; hut when they were used, as in Wales, for the boundary or division, they were called " maen-hir, " long They were more generally plain, though sometimes inscribed f the | * ^sr.Ti to whose memory it was erected. Of this amon am stones, the elucidation of which has been y with antiquari . " The I .i alphal I rists of lines or groups of lines, variously xlviii VI. Antiquities. Introd. arranged with reference to a single stave-line or to an edge of the sub- stance on which they are traced. The spectator looking at an upright Ogham monument will, in general, observe groups of incised strokes of four different kinds: — 1. Groups of lines to the left ; 2. Others to the right; 3. Other longer strokes, crossing it obliquely; and 4. Small l) 'tches upon the edge itself. The inscriptions, in general, begin from bottom, aud are read upwards from left to right. Almost all those which have been deciphered present merely a proper name, with its patronymic, both in the genitive case. The monuments appear for the most part to have been sepulchral in the first instance, fiut there is reason to suppose that they were used to indicate the proprietorship of land ; either standing as boundary stones, or buried in crypts as evidences to be referred to in cases of dispute arising. By far the greater number discovered in Ireland have been found in Cork and Kerry graves." 2. Defensive and Social. — The ancient Irish lived after a very no- madic fashion ; in the summer retiring to their "booleys," or summer habitations, with their flocks and herds, and in winter returning to their entrenched villages and forts. Their houses were either of wood, wattles, clay, or stone, and in this latter case were termed cashels, or cabins, which, however, signifies properly the collection or enclosure of dwellings, the houses themselves being designated as cloghans. The best localities for examining these remains are in West Connaugtfit (A mm Islands) and co. Kerry, particularly in the Dingle promontory. Nor should we omit the singular stockaded islands called Crannoges, which were always found in districts where clusters of lakes were grouped together. From their difficulty of access, they were more likely places to which the owner might take his plunder in security than regular habitations. Examples may be seen in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy. The number of raths or fortified villages that still remain, notwith- standing the thousands that must have been swept away as the im- provements of agriculture extended over the country is something incredible, as may be easily seen by inspecting the Ordnance map, in which the locality of each is carefully preserved. They were always a mound made of earth and surrounded by a breastwork, and in many c ises by a ditch as well. They varied in extent from a few perches to more than an acre, according to the number and rank of the inhabitants. Some of the larger raths were celebrated in the early annals of Irish history, and were used for the accommodation of chieftains and even of royal personages. Among this latter class are the Hills of Tarn, Tailtean, and Tlachtgha, in Meath ; Grianan ofAileach, in Donegal; Emania, or Fort Navan, near Armagh, &c. " Of the number of raths that we have examined, we have not in one instance known the mound to contain a chamber : but when the work consisted merely of a circular enclosure, excavations of a beehive form, lined with uncemented stones, and connected by passages sufficiently large to admit a man, are not uufrequentfy found. These chambers were probably used as places of In trod. vj. Ardiquitfa, xlix mporary retreat, or as storehouses for corn, &c. ; the want of any Dtilation, save that derived from the narrow external ent ranee, rendering them unfit tor the continued habitation of man." — Wakeman. - o\ these subterranean chambers are to be found at ('lady, on j ae, and mar Navan. The dun or cathair waa a more ambitions a purely military work, built of unoemented stones, and varying much in the complexity and amount of defensive walls. The locale • - works is in the west and south-west of Ireland, where they n in wonderful preservation: for example, Dunsengus and Dunconnor, in the Isle of Arran. "To each of these torts, called raths, s, cabins, or cahirs, were attached names which with modifications have descended to modern times, such as Dunaengus, Dunden . Dunmore, Dungannon, Dunboyne, Dunlavin, Dundealgan Dundalk) ; Lismore and Listowel; Rathcormaok, Rathcore, sjhan, Rathowen : Cahir, Cahir-conlick, &c. Many of these forts iwnlands, which, with other topographical a]»]»ellations, I to us for at least 2000 years/' — Gatal. of Acad. - YV. Wilde. •i exam] >le of a fort in Ireland, and probably in the known world, we must recommend the tourist to visit the Staigue in co. Kerry (lite. 35), a model of which is to be found in the II. — I d 'stian remains may be divided into Oratories, Round . Churches, and ( sses. 1. Tl B, or " duintheach," were originally built of wood, in action to the church or " daimhliag," a house of stone. But alt i wood appears to have been the original material out of which th< re built, they were subsequently made of stone, and from their small and peculiar features are among the most characteristic lb remains. The average measurement was about 15 • in i by L0 in breadth ; and many were built without r the private devotions of the founders, cells - are so frequently observed in the immediate ibourhood. The most singular of these are in the west and south- Ireland, and are generally in sequestered and sometimes almost ssibl s. Examples are found in St. Senan's, at Scattery - Island, near Kilkee ; on High Island, off Conne- nia very singular and beautiful oratory of St. Gallerus, ir Dingle; oratory of St. Finan Cam, on Church Island, Lough A striking diarity in many of these buildings is the use of med roof, formed by the gradual approximation of stones laidhori- . -id closed at the top by a single stone. Dr. Petrie is inclined the cl f " duintheach " the larger buildings, which com- bined thi y and the dwelling, and which are styled " houses" or M dormitories," and usually an apartmenl or crofl between the of and the carved roof of the oratory. uld look with apathy on the remains of national structures so lerable for their antiquity. date are extremely interesting in their archi- tural features, arising from the proof thai anterior to the 1 1 1 1 1 cent., the Irish not only built decorated chs., but used a style of decoration [Ireland.'] c lii VI. Antiquities, In trod. which was generally supposed to be characteristic of the Norman period. We sec in the ornamentation of the Round Tower of Kildare — the tower at Timahoe — the chs. at Rahin — some of the chs. at Glenda- lough — the ch. of Killeshin — Teampull Fingain at Clonmacnoise — -the ch.at Inishcalthra — the ch. at Freshford — the stone-roofed ch. at Cashel — some of the most exquisite sculpturing in the moulding of the door- ways, the capitals of the arches, the reredos, &c. " Chevron and other decorations, which in England are supposed to indicate the Norman period, are commonly found ; but they are generally simple lines cut upon the face and soffit of the arch. Pediments now appear ; and the various mouldings and other details of doorways become rich and striking, and in some respect bear considerable analogy to true Norman work. The capitals frequently represent human heads, the hair of which is interlaced with snakelike animals." — Wakeman. 4. Crosses exhibit every degree of diversity from the rude cross with- out any ornament whatever — save, perhaps, that the upper part of the shaft is cut in the form of a circle from which the arms and top extend — to the elaborately sculptured crosses of the dates between the 9th and 12th cent. Many of them are valuable for two reasons; the extreme beauty of the sculptures, and because they give an accurate representa- tion of the costumes, ecclesiastical and military, of the Irish during th- 9th and 10th cent., as in the case of the magnificent crosses of Monase terboice and Clonmacnoise. Inscribed flagstones were numerous, but have become to a great degree destroyed and defaced in the lapse of time. They generally consist of a plain cross rudely marked on the stone, together with the name of the person whom it is intended to me- morialise. It is also worth notice that the priests were usually buried with their face towards the congregation. 5. Anglo-Norman Remains date from the time of the invasion by the English, who may have brought into the country their own styles of architecture, which became transplanted and acclimatised. " Certain it is that the close of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th cent, wit- nessed a great change in the style of architecture as applied to ecclesi- astical edifices in Ireland ; but that this change was in consequence of the invasion, or that the Pointed style was borrowed from or introduced into Ireland by the English, has not been ascertained." As might be expected, a great similarity exists in the plans of nearly all the abbeys in Ireland, which are generally cruciform, with aisles, transepts, nave, and chancel, and a slender tower rising from the intersection. Of the same date, and erected, under the same circumstances, are the greater portion of the Irish castles, which vary from the single keep- tower of the predatory chieftain to the defensive fortresses of Tuam and Roscommon, or the modernised castles of Malahide and Kilkenny. Of walls and gateways a good many remains are left, and from the style of their building and the history of the place, we know that they occupy the same date as the castles. Athlone, Drogheda, Londonderry, Clonmel, Wexford, all furnish good examples. The traveller is referred to the following Compendium of remains that are described in the Handbook. In trod. VI. Antiquities. 1 in u At no period of their history were the people of Ireland either, so settled or prosperous as to he enabled to undertake the erection of any at ecclesiastical buildings such as are found everywhere in (J real Britain, from Kirkwall to Cornwall. The cathedral of Dublin must always have been a second-class edifice for a metropolitan church, and those oi Cashel and Kildare are neither so large nor so richly orna- mented as many English parish churches. The same is true with regard to the monasteries : they are generally small, though rich in detail. Some of them still retain their cloisters, which in all instances have so foreign an aspect as to he quite startling/' — Fergusson. Table of the most interesting Antiquarian Remains. The Figures refer to the Routes. Cromlechs. > 12. Broadstone. 4. Finn'.- Finger Stone. 23. Glendruid. Howth, 1 1 '. KilclcM >ney near Naran. 23. Kilternan. ] 8. Lough Gara. 25. Lough Gur. 1. Phoenix Park. 23. Shankill. . Slieve Callane. Circles, Stones, &c. 1 0. Bel tan v near Raphoe. Clonakilty. 4. Clough More. Drips* y ( tgham). SI. Dun] < < >_ham). I rallerofl Pillar Stone. 5. Giant's Rh ELem] S1 >ne& Kilmakedar. Kii rt. _ < -nr. Slieve na Griddle. 5. 3. 4. 32, Temple Geall. 6 pulchrat). Ban t. 15. D >w1 _ 1 1 ■ ie la, K>. Knowth. 15. Newgrang t ( tfiels, &c. 32. Bishop's Island. 16. St. Colmnb's, Kells. 28. St. Declan's, Ardmore. 37. St. Finbar, Gougane Barra. 32. Gallerus, Smerwick. 22. High Island. 24. St. Kevin's, Glendalougli. 32. Temple Geall. Baths and Mounds {with or without underground Passages), 3. Cairn Bane. 3. Cairn Coehy, 15. Clady. *. 3. Crown Bridge. 5. Donaghadee. 4. Downpatriek. 3. Druibh Mor. 17. Emania. 3. Paughart Hill. i . Grianan of Aileach. 2.5. Kiliinane. 29, Li si n ore. 26. Moat of Ardscull. J <. Moat of Granard. 26, Mullaghahmast. 4. Slieve Croob. 15. Tara, 16. Tailtean. 17. Tomb of Xial Caillc Forte, Dim*, dec. 35. Ballycarbry. CaherdanieL 20. Duhh Oahir. 20. Duhh Oathair. 20. Dun .Lngus. li IV VI. Antiquities, Id trod. 20. Dun Connor. 25. Oughterarde. 25. Dun Ailline. 16. Rathmore. 20. Dun Onaght. 32. Rattoo. 3. Lisnagade ^and Dane's Cast). 27. Roscrea. 25. Lough Gur. 27. Seir Kyran. 35. Miltown. 8. Sligo. 10. Naran. j 20. Teampul Breeain. 20. Oghill. 20. Teampul Chiarain. 35. Staigue. 20. Teampul Mic Duach. 35. Templenakill. 20. Teampul Patrick. Churches* 17. Abbeylara. Abbeys, Monasteries, and < 18. Asselyn. 32. Ardfert. 31. Aghadoe. 28. Ardmore. 21. Annaghdowcu 25. Ai'dpatrick. 28. Ardmore. 17. Armagh. 12. Banagker. 32. Adare. 15. St. Bernards. Trinitarian Abbey. 37. Carrigaline. Augustinian. 15. Cannistown. Franciscan. 13. Carrickfergus. 32. Askeaton. 34. Clonruacnoise. 14. Athenry. 30. Olonmel. 30. Athassel. 15. Donaghmore. 21. Ballintober, 16. Dona ghpa trick. 18. Ballymote. 2. St. Doulough's. 15. Ballybogan. 33. Dysert. 29. Ballynatray. 6. Enniskillen. 15. Bective. 18. St. Feckan's, Fore. 13. Bonamargey. 2. St. Fintan's. 18. Boyle. 27. Freshford. 22. Burrishoole. 3. St. Flannan's, Killaloe. 25. Buttevant. 24. Glendalough. 4. Carlingford. 3. Glynn. 25. Cashel. 20. Galway (St. Nicholas). Hore Abbey. 34. Iniscalthra. Dominican. 37. Iniscurra. 26. Castle Dermot. 31. Inisfallen. 33. Clare. 6. Iniskeen. 28. Clare. 21. Inismaan. 21. Claregalway. 2. Kilbarrock. 28. Clonmines. 15. Kilcarn. 21. Cong. 33. Kilfenora. ■ 25. Gt. Conell. 2(j. Killeshin. 33. Corcumroe. 24. Killiney. 37. Cork {St. Finbar). 33. Killone. 19. Deerane. 33. KilmacduagL. 7. Deny. 32. Kilternan. 6. Devenish. 36. Kiusale. Donegal. 20. St. Macclara, 1. Dublin. 2. Monasterboice. Christ Ch. 2. St. Nessan. 1 St. Patrick's. Introd. VI. Antiquities. Iv 16. Doleek Dunbrody. 28. Dungarvan, 12. Dnngiven. 4. Downpatrick. 2. Drogheda. B Mary DTJrso, Dominican. 3. Dtmdalk. . Ennis. Ferns. iv Fore. *J'.'. Glanworth. 24. Glendalongh. 5. Gn y. 25. Holycross. 2. Howth. 4. Inch. Jerpoint 14. KilconnelL Kilcrea, Kildare. 19. Killala. 34. Killaloe. Eilmallock. Dominican Priory. 17. Kilmore. 11. Killydonnell. 10. Kilmacrenan. Kilkenny. St. Canioc. Black Abbey. 1 1 miniean. B kmoy. Limerick, I j-luea. •ii. M oister. Mellifont M T. M Mungret. 30. Mil.": Multifarnham. 15. N n Trim. 34. Portumna, in. Rahin. itnkeale, Rhii Tew. ercon. 3G. Roscarkory. 19. Roscommon. 19. Roeerk. 21. Ross. 4. Sank 15. Slane. St. Erc's Hermitage. 8. Sligo. 3G. Timoleague. 28. Tintern. 20. Toombeola. 15. Trim. Dominican. 33. Tnam. 23. Wexford. Selsker. 28. Yonghai Dominican Friars. Bound Towers. 31. Agliadoe. 25. Ardpatrick. 20. Ardkyne. 13. Armoy. 12. Antrim. "21. Augkagower. 28. Arc! more. 22. Rails, 17. Belturbet 25. CasheL 26. Castle Dermot 6. Clones. 1. Clondalkin. 34. Clonmacnoise, 37. Cloyne. 6. Devonian. 15. Donaghmore. 2. Droiniskin. 8. Drumcliffi, 5. Drambo. "32. Dysert. 33. Dysert O'Dea. 24. Glendalongh. 34. Iniscalthra. 32. Eniseatteiy. 6. Iniskeen. Kilcullen, 25. Kildare. 26. Kilkenny, 19. Killala. * Kilmaednagh, Kim lvi VI. Antiquities. In trod. 36. Kiuncith. 2. Lusk. 2. Monasterboice. 25. Oaghterarde. 12. Ram's Island. 32. Eattoo. 27. Roscrea. ->7. Seir Keyran. 2. Swords. 14. Taghadoe. 25. Timahoe. 3. Trummery. 26. Tulloherin. Wells and Baptisteries. 28. Ardmore. 2. St. Doulough. 2. Mellifont. Castles. 32. Adare. 37. Aghamarta. 20. Ard. 2. Ardee. 30. Ardfinnan. 4. Ardglass. 20. Zrdkyne. 22. Ardna glass. 32. Askeaton. 16. Athcarne. 2. Athclare. 14. Athenry. 14. Athlone. 15. Athlumney. 26. Athy. 4. Audley. 20. Aughnanure. 2. Baldangan. 18. Ballinafad. 18. Ballymote. 36. Ballinaearrig. 33. Ballyportry. 2. Balrothery. 37. Ballinacollig! 36. Baltimore. 7. Benburb. 25. Blarney. 32. Bruree. 33. Bunratty. 32. Camg-a-Gnnnell. 33. Clare Castle. Cor. 36. Castle Donovan. 37. Castle Masters. 15. Carbery. 15. Castle Dexter. 14. Castle Knock. 13. Carrickfergus. 37. Carrigadrohid. 30. Cahir. 26. Carlow. 22. Clare Island. 21. Claregalway. 4. Carlingford. 3. Castletown. 1. Dublin. 4. Dundrum. 31. Dromaneen. 31. Drishane. 25. Dunamase. 22. Doon. 13. Dunseverick. 11. Doe Castle. 15. Donore. 36. Domdaniel. 1. Diimnagh. 23. Enniscortby, 23. Ferns. 29. Glanworth. 4. Greencastle. 2. Howth. 3. Hillsborough. 20. Hag's Castle. 21. Hen's Castle. 31. Kanturk. 4. Kilclief. 4. Killyleagk 26. Kilkenny. 23. Kildare. 8. Kilbarron. 15. Kinnafad. 33. Limerick. 29. Lismore. 26. Leighlin. 25. Liscarroll. 25. Lea. 2. Lusk. 21. Lough Mask. 33. Liscannor. 16. Liscarton. 6. Monea. 9. M'Swyne ? s. 14. Maynooth. 15. Mylerstown. 37. Monkstown. 21. Moyne. Intro 1. VI. Antiquities. ,vu 2. Malahide. \. Narrowwater. x astle. l:;. Old rfleet 1 L < tranmore. I tola. 19. Rindown. L9. R gcommon. Rinvyle. 81. R 27. R screa. •J-;. Rheban. 16. Rathaldron. - • 15. Scurloughstown. Strancally. 21. Shrule. - rords. •_'. Termonfeckin. aple MichaeL 5. Thurles. 15. Trim. 15. Ticroghan, Tully. & Termon M'Grath. Bridges. >. Cromahoo, Atliy. swell's Bridge. laiue. ;ue. ixlip. 1 ! v rbndg Limeiick. ' i rmot. ' ! . < mdalkin. 21 « 7. ( n :i. I • - Dm 1. Pingl l 16. Kells, 25. Kilcullen. 33. Kilfenora, 2. Monasterboice. Id. Nevinstown. 27. Roscrea, 33. Tuam. 17. Tynan. Walls. 13. Oarrickfergus. 7. Dcrry. 2. Drogheda, 30. Fethard, 18. Fore. 20, Galway. 25. Kilmailook. 23. Wexford. Gates. 26. Athy. Preston's Gate. 13. Carrickfergus. 2. Drogheda. Butter Gate. St. Lawrence Gate. 30. Fethard. 18. Jamestown. 25. Kilmallock. 27. New Boss. 14, St. Wolstan's. Mansions. 25. Ardmayle. < ioppinger'fl Court. 7. ( lastle 1 lanlfield. 8. Duncnrbry. 8. Donegal Ci^tle. 20. Galway. Lynch's T Ton .so. Lombard Street Hoi Joyce's House. 26. Inchmore. 25. Loughmore. Kilmallock. C Manor Hamilton. 28. XonghaL Sir W. Raleigh, lviii vu. Places of Interest* Introd. VII. Places of Interest. Dublin. — Carlisle Bridge. Four Courts. Custom House. South Wall. Bank. Exchange. Trinity College. Castle and Chapel. Christ Chureh. St. Patrick's. Royal Dublin Society's Museum. Royal Irish Academy. Milium of Irish Industry. St. Andrew's ch. St. Andrew's Cath. chapel. Phoenix Park. Zoological Gardens. Hibernian School. Kilmainham Hos- pital. Clondalkin Round Tower. Glasnevin Cemetery. Botanic Gardens. Dunsink Observatory. Castle Knock. Clontarf Castle. Bull Wall at Dollymount. Drimnagh Castle. Mount Anville. Kingstown. — Harbour. Monkstown Castle. Bullock Castle. Dalkey Island. Killiney Hill and Quarries. Killiney ch. Howth.—Yiew from Hill. Cromlech. Baily Lighthouse. St. Fintan's ch. Castle and Abbey. St. Doulough's Church and Well. Ireland's Eye. St. Nessan's ch. Killbarrock ch. Malahide. — Castle. Swords Castle and Round Tower. Lusk Round Tower. Baldangan Castle. Balrothery ch. Balbriggan. — Skerries. Drogheda. — Walls. West Gate. St. Lawrence's Gate. St. Mary's Abbey. Magdalene steeple. Rly. viaduct. Mound of the Tomb of Gobhan's wife. Mellifont Abbey. Monasterboice Round Tower, Church, and Crosses. Battlefield of the Boyne. Donore ch. Newgrange Tumulus. Dowth Tumulus. St. Bernard's ch. Athcarne Castle. Duleek Abbey. Maiden Tower. Castle BeU/ngham. — Ardee Castle. Miltown Castle. Dundalk. —Ch. R. C. chapel. Friary. Louth Abbey. Ravensdale. Iniskeen Church and Round Tower. Newry. — Crown Bridge Rath. Narrow Water Castle. Cairn Bane. Cairn Cochy. Warrenpoint.- — Drive to Rostrevor. Omeath. Carlingford Castle. Abbey. Tower. Rostrevor. — Kilbroney ch. Ascent of Slieve Ban. Cloughmore. Finn's Fingerstone. Greencastle. The Woodhouse. Kilkeel. — Newcastle. — Maggy's Leap. Armor's Hole. Donard Lodge. Ascent of Slieve Donard. Tollymore Park. Bryansford. Dundrum Castle. Bail 1 ' ridge. — Danes Cast. Lisnagade Fort. Tanderagee Castle. Portadown. — Lurgan.— Waringstown. Moira. — Trumery Church and Round Tower. Lishurn — Ch. Hillsborough Castle. Dromore Cathedral. Druibh Mor. Ardglass. — New Works. Horn, Choud, and Jordan's Castles. Ardtole. Kilclief Castle. Strangford. — Audley Castle. Downpatrich. — Cathedral. Slieve na Griddle. Saul and Inch Abbeys. Wells of Struel. Rath. B ally nah inch.— Wells. Montalto. Slieve Croob. Killyleagh Castle. Portaferry. — View from Blackbank. Castle. Newtownards. — Courthouse. Mount Stewart. Grey Abbey. Comber. — Ogilvie Monument. Carngaver Hills. Donaghadee. — Harbour. Rath. Ba ngor. — Castle. Belfast.— Docks. Harbour. Flax-mills, Commercial Buildings. Ulster IntroJ. Til. Places of Interest. lix B ok. Qneen's College. Cave Hill. Divis. Dranbo Church and Round Tower. Giant's Ring, Kempe Stones at Dundonald. Holywood, rrickfergu8.— Castle. Walla Gates. Oh. Dnncrue Salt-min me.— Oldcrfleet Castle. Glyn ch. Magheramome Landslip. Crom- leeh in Island Magee. The Gohhins Cliffs at Carncastle. irm.— Castle. Ch. Deerpark. ( gh. — Cliff scenery. Garron Tower. Clough-na-stookan. '•///. — Waterfoot, Red Bay. Glendnn. ( | xJun. — ( BaUycasfie — Fairhead. Coal Workings at Murlough Bay. Bonamargy Abbey. Rathlin Island. Cliffs at Doon. Brace's Castle. Enocklayd. Armoy Ronnd Tower. Gobhan Saer's Castle. Battintoy. — Carricka rede. Dnnseverick, '■ fa ( luseway. — Bengore Head. Pleaskin. Dunscverick Castle. Kenbane Castle. Caves. The Organ. Portnuh. — Dunlnce Castle. White Rocks. Portstewart ( line. — Salmon Leap. Mount Sandel. Ihmloy. — Broadstone. 7,'./ idaUtoum. — Shane's Castle. Antrim.— ( astle. Round Tower. Ram's Island and Round Tower. Lough Neagh. A Limavaddy. — Ascent of Keady. Dungiven Abbey and Castle. Valley of the Roe. Banagherch. McGilligan. Cliff scenery. Down Hill. Dim/. — Walker's Pillar. Cathedral. Walls. Corporation House. Har- bour. Bridge. Grianan of Aileach. Buncrana. — Dunatf Head. Malin Head. M — Carndonagh Cross, Inishowen Head. Greencastle. BaQ '. — Killydonnell Abbey. Fort Stewart. Ratlimelton Priory. Lamb Head. Moross Castle. Fanad Head. Letterkenny. Kilmacre- Abl Rock of Doone. Lough Salt. Gartan Lough. Milford. gh. — Dnnlewy. Arrigal. Bunbeg. maghy. — Horn Head. McSwyne'a Gun. Aid's Castle. Doe I R 9 ads. Falcarragh. Ascent of Muckish. A _ rry. Rutland Isle. Tholla Bristha. Doocharry Bridge. I A Early Remains. Kilclooney Cromlech. G Gl< ask. Seen ry at Loughros. G II Bt. i Inmb'a Bed. Tormore. Malinmore. ( >''■!;. — As 5 - i. Bunglass. Corrigan Bead. Kilcar. K lybegs.- ( h, Schools. Fintragh. Inver ch. McSwyne'j I astle. /' l Abbey. Lough Easke. Gap of Barnesmore. Finn V / I. Bridgi - ovi r thi Moume and Finn. 1 dial. Beltany CircL . B ! " fra. Pulli Battysh* S Imon Leap. Kilbarron Castle. Belleek. Rapids i < rarrison. Lougli Melvin. B — Dnncarbry i jtle. < oery. Longh Melvin. Kin- U agh. ( .1 n td< V I >« — Abbey. I Longh GilL Hazlewood. Dromahaire. Crevelea bey. K incknarea Hill and Glen. Ballysodare Palls. Markre ( astle. it. Ljssadill. B ghly Pigeon Hole. Drumcliff Ronnd Tower and ' nt of i dben, c 3 lx Vii. Places of Interest. Introd. Manor Hamilton. — Castle. Glenade Valley. Lough Macnean. EnnisktUm. — Ch. Lough Erne. Devenish Island, Abbey, and Bound Tower. Cole Column. Portora School. Lisgoole. Coole Castle. Crum Castle. Ely Lodge. Tully Castle. Monea Castle. Florence Court. Swan- linbar. Marble Arch. Cuilcagh. Source of the Shannon. Pettigoe. — Termon McGrath Castle. Lough Derg. Cloght r. — Cathedral. Cascade in Lumford Glen. Omaijli. — Donaghmore Cross. Castle Caulfield. Dunganncm. — Moy. Charlemont Castle. Benburb Castle. Newton Stewart. — Baron's Court. Ascent of Bessy Bell. Limaskea. — Crum Castle. Upper Lough Erne. Clones. — Ch. Bound Tower. Cross. Monaghan. — Tynan Cross. Castle Blayneij. — Lough Muckna. Armagh. — Cathedral. Observatory. Library. Palace. Emania. B. C. Cathedral. Ready. — Linen Manufactory. Cavan. — Kilmore Cathedral. Lord Farnham's Grounds. Belturbet. — Bound Tower. Upper Lough Erne. Granarcl, — Moat. Abbey Lara ch. Lough Gowna. Virginia. — Lough Bamor. Kelts.— Bound Tower. St. Columb's House. Crosses. Headfort House. Pillar on Lloyd Hill. Hill of Tailtean. Navan. — Liscarton Castle. Donaghpatrick ch. Bathaldron. Nevins- town Cross. Bathmore ch. Castle Dexter. Donaghmore Church and Bound Tower. Dunmoe Castle. Chambers at Clady. Athlumney Castle. Cannistown ch. Kilcarn ch. ; Font. Slane.— Abbey. Hermitage of St. Ere. Castle. Brugh na Boinne. Trim. — Castle. Dominican Friary. Abbey of St. Peter and Paul. Yellow Steeple. Wellington Monument. Newtown Trim Abbey. Bective Abbey. Hill of Tara. Dangan Castle. Trubley Castle. Scurloughstown Castle. Donore Castle. HiU of Down. — Clonard Church and Font. Ticroghan Castle. Bally- bogan Abbey. Croghan Hill. Kinnafad Castle. Edendcrry. — Castle. Ch. Monasteroris ch. Castle Carbery. Source of the Boyne. Mylerstown Castle. Carrick Castle. Maynooth. — Castle. Colleges. Carton. Taghadoe Bound Tower. Clon- gowes College. LeixLip. — Bridge. Salmon Leap. Celbridge Castle. Newbridge. St. Wulstans (Gateways). Castletown House. Woodlands. Strawberry Beds. Mullingar. — Lough Ennel. Lough Owel. Multifarnham Abbey. Wilson's Hospital. Lough Dereveragh. Knockeyen. Fore Church and Walls. Edgeworthstown House and Church. Longford. — B. C. Cathedral. Dromod. — The Shannon. Carrick on Shannon. — Bockingham House. Lough Key. Boyle. — Abbey. Curlew Hills. Ballinafad Castle. Lough Arrow. KeshCorran Hills. Ballymote Abbey and Castle. Athlon e. — Fortifications. Bly. Bridge. Castle. Chs. Clonmacnoise. I.mnd Tower. Chs. Castle. Inscribed Stones. Esker Bidges. Lough Bee. Hare Island. Bindown Castle. Roscommon. — Castle. Abbey. Deerane Abbey. In trod. vit. Places of Interest. ] XI BaUinadoe. — Garbally Park Battlefield of Aughrim. Iismany Mode) Fanu. Kilconnell Abbey. Aihenry. — Abbey. Cattle. Abbey Knoekmoy. Loughrea Abb Oranmore Castle, i,.< ■ ,, h — Walls. Bastions, St. Nicholas ch. Docks. Joyce's and Dch's Mansions. House in Lombard Street. Ancient Houses. College. Claddagh. Menloe Castle. Lough Comb. Clare -Gal way Castle and Abb y. Aran Island. — Arkyne Castle and Round Tower. The Chs. of Teampall Brecain. T. Benan. * T. Mic Dnach. Forts of Dun iEngus, Dun Onaght, Dubh Cahir, Dubh Cathair, and OghilL Limestone Cliffs. Lighthouse. Oughierarde. — Waterfall. Aughnannre Castle. Hag's Castle. I ' ■>. — Castle. Ardbear. Waterfall. Erislannin. Slyne Head. Bonndstone. Unisbeg. Ballynahincb. Toombeola Abbey. Recess. Ascentof] :htcr. Twelve Tins. Derryclare and Inagh Lakes. Bal- lynakill Harbour. Letterfrack. Streamstown. Doon Castle. fi re. — Rinvyle Castle. Twelve Pins. Derryclare and Inagh Lakes. Long !'■ Mamturk Mountains. Leenane, — Salrock. Errive. Delphi. Lough Doo. Ascent of Muilrea. I . — Ruins on Inch a Goill. Abbey. Pigeon Hole. Horse's Dis- i rv. Canal. Cross. Maume. Hen's Castle. Bcnlevy. Lough Mask Castle. BaUinrobe. — Inishmaan ch. Scenery of Lough Mask. Hollymount. a] ( ;i>tle. Headford. — Annnghdown ch. Clydagh. Moyne Castle. Ross Abbey. Hi adford House. Knocknaa Hill. >. — Cathedra] Doorway. Cross. W t. — Harboivr. Ch. Lord Sligo's Domain. Murrisk Abbey. 1 b Patrick. Drive to Louisburg. Aughagower Round Tower. The of the Ayle. Ballintober Abbey. X wport — Burrishoole Abbey. Carrigahooly Castle. Clare Island Castle and A AchtU, — Kfldannet Castle. Settlement. Ascent of Slieve More and Cmo-han. Keem. I> Achill Beg. ( ■. — Lord Lucan s Farm. Pontoon. BaUina. — Nephin Mt. Pi. C. ch. Ruins of Abbey. Roserk and Moync Killaloe Church and Bound Tower. Coast Scenery from Bcal- B :. T> hniillet, and Knis. The Stags. Bray. I romlecbe at Glendruid and Kiltcrnan. Kilternan ch. Bally- ing Works. Bray Head. Eilruddery. Hollybrook. Valley ads. Dargle. Towerscourt and Waterfall. Glencrce. Kippure M antain. Lough Bray. Enniskerry. Fassaroe Cross. St.Valeiy. Ascent - _ ai I. of. Ni Mount Kennedy. — Glen of the Downs. Bollevue. Athford.—y .River. Devil's Glen. Waterworks. J: tthdrum. — Valley of the Annamoe. ( laragh. Vale of Avoea. (,'■ kiaJouoA.— Military Bead. Bound Tower. Our Lady's ch. St. Kevin'e Houe Gateway. < ithedraL The Monastery. Trinity ch. rt eli. 3 Wat nail. St. Kevin'.- Bed. Lak< Luggan- ■u Lead Mines. Glenmalure. Ascent of Lugnaquilla. R I — \ur\ oery. ^Yater- works. Lougb Dan. Luggelaw. Sally Gap. Source of the Liffey, lxii vii. Places of Interest. Introd. Wooden Bridge. — Copper Mines at Ballymurtagh. Croghan Kinshela. Shelton Abbey. Aughrim Bridge. Tinnahely. Wiclioio. — Castle. Ch. Cliffs at Wicklow Head. Arlrfow. — Shelton Abbey. Gorey. — Courtown House. Ferns. — Cathedral. Monastery. Castle. Newtown Barry. — Valley of the Slaney. Ascent of Mount Leinster. Ermiscorthy. — Castle. Vinegar Hill. Ch. Scenery of the Slaney. Wexford.— Hums of Sclsker ch. Walls. St. Peter's ch. K. C. College. Bridge. Straffan. — Lyons Castle. Oughterarde Church and Kound Tower. Sttllins. — Clane Abbey. Clongowes College. Naas. — Kath. Jigginstown House. Blessington. Pollaphuca Water- fall. Scenery of Mountains. Kilcullen Old Town. Kound Tower. Cross. Dun Ailline. Newbridge. — Gt. Conall Abbey. Curragh of Kildare. Kildare. — Kound Tower. Abbey. Castle. Chair of Kildare. Monasterevan. — Moore Abbey. Ch. Portarlington. — Spire Hill. Emo. Lea Castle. Ballybrittas. Tullamore. — Earl of Charleville's Park. Rahin ch. Phillipstown. Maryborough. — Lunatic Asylum. Dunamase Kock. Timahoe Kound Tower. Atliy — Castle. Woodstock Castle. Preston's Gate. Cromaboo Bridge. Kheban Castle. Moat of Ardscull. Kath of Mullaghmast. Kilkea Castle. Castle Derniot Kound Tower. Abbey. Crosses. Carlow. — Castle. Ch. K. C. Cathedral. College. Killeshin ch. Col- lieries near Castle Comer. Leigltlin Bridge. — Black Castle. Kilkenny.— Castle. Bridges. St. Canice's Cathedral and Round Tower. St. John's ch. Black Abbey. Franciscan Monastery. R. C. Cathedral. College. Cave of Dunmore. Inchmore Castle. Freshford ch. Templemore. — Priory. Devil's Bit. Loughmore Castle. Thurles. — R. C. Cathedral. Castle. Holy Cross Abbey. Cashel. — Rock. Cathedral. Cross. Cormac's Chapel. Round Tower. Hore Abbey. Dominican Priory. Ardmayle Castle. Tipperary. — Galty Mountains. Athassel Abbey. Knocldong. — Castle. Moor Abbey. Hospital. Kilmidloch. — Walls. Gates. Old Mansions. Ch. Dominican Priory. Lough Gur. Forts. Cromlech. Desmond Castle. Carrig-na-Nahin. ArdpatricJc. — Rath of Kilfinane. Round Tower. Monastery. Buttevant. — Castle. Franciscan Abbey. Scenery of the Awbeg. Kilcol- man Castle. Doneraile Castle. Liscarroll Castle. Mallow. — Scenery of the Blackwater. Abbey Morne. Dromaneen Castle. Cork. — Blarney Castle. Scenery of the Lee. St. Finbar's. Court House. Harbour. Bridges. The Cove. Queenstown. Spike Island. Passage. Carrigalme ch. Cloyne Round Tower. Aghada. Blackrock Castle. Matthew Tower. ThomaMovm. — Bridge. Altar in R. C. Chapel. Dominican Abbey. Jerpoint Abbey. Inistiogue. Bridge. Ch. Woodstock. Scenery of the Nore. New Ross. — River Scenery. Bridge. Gate. Ch. Rosbercon Abbey. Mountgarrett Castle. Dunbrody Abbey. Duncannon. Hook Point, Clonmmes Abbey. Tintern Abbey. Introd. vir. Places of Interest. 1 Xlll Wati ■■/")'f the Shannon. Lough Derg. Scariff. Iniscalthra Bound Tower. Ruii Woodford, — Scenery of Lough Derg and Slicve Boughta Mountains. Portu mit". — Ahbey Buins. Loragh Abbey. Banaghi r. — Bridge. Meelick Abbey. Clonfert. ( ><>rt.— Chiureh and Bound Tower of Kilmacduagh. Lough Cootcr House and Lak /." «.— Franciscan Monastery Buins. Clare Ahhey. Killone Abbey. Callane. Miltown Malbay. Ennistymon. Liseannor Castle. Cliffs dr. Black 1 1 ora. — Ch. < Inchiquin Castle. Ballyportry Castle. Dy Church and Bound "\ < I ! '-ridge. Castle. Quin. — Abbey. 1 Bonrratty Castle. Mungn f. — Alili'T Buins. Carrig-a-Gunnel Castle. ( Dysarl Church and Bound Tower. Manister Abbey . Bran Adore. — Lord Dunrav< a*sS< it, Trinitarian Abbey. Augustinian Abbey. n Abbey. Desmond Castle. Bathkeale, Priory. Newcastle Castle. Askeaion. — Waterfall on the Deel. Ch. Franciscai] Abbey. Castle ol ! i ends. / • —Estuary of the Shannon. GHii I tie. Shanid Castle. Ktlrush. — Inis y Sound Tower. Oratory of St. Senanus. Kilkee. — Cliff and Coasl Scenery. Natural Bridge. Bishop's Island. '■ r main?. Dermot and Graine'e Rock. Puffing Hole. L I Bally bunnion < 9. Battoo Bound Tower, ]xiv viii. Skeleton Routes. In trod. Trail ee. — Blcnncrvillo. Mountain Scenery in Dingle Promontory. Bran- don Mountain. Dingle. Smerwick. Oratory of Gallerus. Kilmalkedar Pillar Stone. Templegeal. Ardfert Abbey. Ballyheigue. Cas&emaine. — Bridge. Forts. KiUarney.—Leike Scenery. Boss Castle. Inisfallen. O'Sullivan's Cas- cade. Glena. Dinish Island. Old Weir Bridge. Long Kange. Eagle's Nest Lord Brandon's Cottage. Upper Lake. Cave of Dunloe. Gap of Dunloe. CummeendufF. Ascent of Carrantuohill. Aghadoe Church and Round Tower. R. C. ch. Cloghreen. Muckross Abbey. Tore Water- fall. Mangerton. Police Barrack. Looscaunagh Lough. Galway's Bridge. Lough Guitane. Glen na coppul. Valley of the Flesk. Paps. Millstreet. Drishane Castle. Kanturk Castle. KiUorglin. — Mil town. Kilcoleman Abbey. Lough Carra. Glenbehay. Mountain Scenery. Terrace Road to Cahirciveen. Cahirciveen. — Ballycarbery Castle and Fort. Valentia Island. Slate Works and Quarries. Knight of Kerry's House. WaterviUe. — Lough Curraun. Early Ecclesiastical Remains on Church Island. Ballinskellig Bay. Dowlas Head. Skellig's Rocks. Derrynane Abbey. Forts at Templenakilla (earthen), Cahirdaniel, and Staigue (stone). Kenmare. — Bridge over the Blackwater. Dromore Castle. Suspension Bridge. Road to Killarney. Glengarrif.—C-dstle. Scenery of the Bay. Cromwell's Bridge. Adri- goole Waterfall. Hungry Hill. Castletown Bearhaven. — Defences. Mines at Allahies. Buntry. — Scenery of Bay. Falls of the Mealagh. Pass of Keimaneigh. Gougane Barra. Oratory of St. Finbar. Inchigeelah. Castle Masters. Skull. — Copper Mines at Ballydehob. Bay of Roaring Water. Crook- haven. Slubber een. — Coast Scenery at Baltimore. Lough Hyne. Leap Ravine. Clonakilty. — Stone Circle. Fortresses on the Coast. Roscarberry Cathe- dral. Templefaughtna. Timoleague Abbey. Dunmanway. — Ballyna-carrig Castle. Bandon. — Ch. Castle Bernard. Inishannon. Domdaniel Castle. Castle Cor. Kinsale. — Ch. Harbour. Forts. Old Head of Kinsale. Macroom. — Carrigaphooca Castle. Dundareirke Castle. Mashanaglass Castle. Macroom Castle. Carrigadrohid Castle. Ballincollig. — Powder-mills. Ovens. Kilcrea Abbey. Dripsey. Ogham Stone. Inisli carra ch. Scenery of the Lea at Inishcarra and Ardrum. Carrigrohane Castle. VIII. Skeleton Routes. I. A MONTH'S TOUR IN THE NORTH. 1. Dublin to Howth, St. Doulough's, Malahide, and Lusk ; sleep at Drogheda. 2. See Drogheda. Excursion to Mellifont and Monasterboice, and Duleek. 3. Rail to Navan, returning by road to Drogheda; see Slane, New- grange, Battlefield of the Boyne, and Dowth. 4. Rail to Dundalk, Clones, Enniskillen ; see Devenish. Introd. viii. Skeleton Routes. lxv 5. F' ie Court. Cuilcagh, Marble Arch. If time in evening, row up the lake to Lisgoole. To Sliero : see Abbey and Knocknarea. 7. Lough Gill. Dromahaire. Hazlewood. - To Bundoran and Ballyshannon. Ballintra. The Pullens. Sleep at Donegal. 9. See Castle and Abbey. To Killybegs and Oarrick. 1". Ascend Slieve Leagu Glen Coast. 11. Glengeask. Ardara. Get on to Glenties very poor accommodation). 12. To Doocharry Bridge, Dunglow, and Gweedore. 13. Ascend Arrigal. Dunlewy. To Dnnfanaghy. li. Horn Head. Doe Castle. Glen. Lough Salt. Rathmullan. 15. To Bathmelton. Kilmacrenan. Letterkenny. Itrabane. Derry; see Derry. 17. M'Gilligan. Newtown Lima vaddy. Dungiven. Portrush. 18. I Dunluce and Causeway. Sleep there. 19. To Ballintoy. Carrick-a-rede. Ballycastie. Fairhead. 20. To Cushendall ; e ■ I ves. Glenarm. Larne. Olderfleet Castle. 21. Clifl Scenery in Island Magee ; see Carrickfergus. To Belfast. 22. Belfast. Drumbo. Giant's Ring. Excursion to Cave Hill, Antrim, Lough Ncagh. 24. Excursion to Downpa trick, Saul, Inch, &c. 25, To Armagh; in afternoon to Dnngannon. By rail to Banbridge. Drive to Briansford. id Slieve Donard. Newcastle. . To Rostrevor. Warrenpoint. < irlingford. Evening by rail to Dublin. 30. Excursion to Trim and Bective. H. A TOUR THROUGH CONNAUGHT. 1. DuMin to Mullimrar. Mnltifarnham. Lough Ennell. %, A I alone. Lough Rea. I machnois; in evening to BallinasL 4. Ballii G Ibally, KilconnelL Athenry. 5. Athenry Ruins, Abbey Knockmoy. Tuam. 6. I i Headfbrd. Boss Abbey. Claregalway, Galway. 7. ( fadway. 8. Lough Corrib to Cong, Pigeon Hole, &c. 1 onion to Manme. Hen's Castle. InchagoilL Return to I - dway. To ( taghterarde and Recess. Ascend Lissougliter. 11. To Roundstown. Urrisbeg. Clifden. 1-. S Clifden. Afternoon to Kylemore. 13. id Twelve Pins. 11. I . ig I* . > ilrock. Leenane. . Killaries. Delphi Longb Doo. Ascend Mniln • port. Clew Baj . iagower. 1 7. M A I ' rick. 18. To Acl ill Sleep al - kth ment 19. A I tan. Visit K . I : i . . [sfa -I-. N< wport to CastL bar. lxvi [ viii. Skeleton Routes. Introd. \ 21. Excursion to Balla and Ballintober. The Ayle. 22. To Ballina by Pontoon and Foxford. 2:). Roserk. Moyne. Killala. Ballycastle. 24. Along the coast to Belmullet. 25. Return by Crossmolina to Ballina ; on to Sligo. 20. See Abbey. Town. Lough Gill. 27. Knocknarea. Glencar. 28. Boyle Abbey. Carrick. Longford. Dublin. III. A TOUR OF SIX WEEKS THOUGH THE SOUTH. 1. Dublin to Kildare. Athy. Timahoe. Maryborough. 2. By rail to Roscrea. Parsonstown. Thurles. 3. Holy Cross. Cashel. j 4. To Limerick : see the city. 5. Killaloe. Castle Connell. Scariff. Iniscalthra. 6. Excursion to Bunratty. Quin. Clare Castle. Ennis. 7. Carrigagunnell. Adare. Rathkeale. 8. Askeaton. Shanagolden. Foynes ; and by steamer to Kilkee. 9. Kilkee. 10. Return to Tarbert. Listowell by Ballybunnion Caves. Tralee. 11. Excursion to Dingle. 12. Visit early remains at Smerwick. Return to Tralee. Evening to Kil- larney. 13. Lower Lake. O'Sulli van's Cascade. Innisfallen. Ross, &c. 14. Aghadoe. Gap of Dunloe. CummeendufT. 15. Ascend Mangerton. Muckross. Tore. 16. Ascend Carrantuohill. 17. Cahirciveen. Isle of Valentia. 18. To Waterville. Lough Curraun. 19. To Kenmare, Staigue Fort, &c. 20. To Glengarriff. 21. To Castletown Bearhaven. Adragoole Waterfall. 22. By water (if weather permit) to Bantry, Gougane Barra. Macroom. 23. To Cork. 24. See Cork. Afternoon to Blarney. 25. Kinsale. Bandon. 26. Queenstown. Cloyne Round Tower. Youghal. 27. Up the Blackwater to Lismore and Fermoy. 28. Mallow. Buttevant. Kilmallock. Sleep at Limerick Junction or Tipperary. 29. Athassel Abbey. Cahir. 30. Caves. Mitchelstown Castle. Ardfinane. Clonmel. 31. Clonmel. Ascend Slieve Naman, or visit Fethard. 32. Carrick. Coolnamuck. Waterford. 33. Excursion to Jerpoint. Thomastown. 31. Kilkenny. 35. Return to Inistiogue. By water to Ross. Tramore to Waterford. 36. Steamer to Duncannon. Dunbrody. 37. Duncannon through Clonnhnes to Wexford. 38. Enniscorthy. Arklow. Sleep at Wooden Bridgo. 39. Yale of Avoca. Rathdown. Wicklow. Ashfoid. Introd. viii. Skeleton Routes. lxvii 10. D< vil's Glen. Annamoe. 7 Churches. 11. Yale of Glenmalure, Roundwood. Lough Dan. \2. Luggelaw. Sally Gap. Glencrea. Enniskerry. 1.".. Powerscourt Waterfall. Donee Mountain. Dargle. ll. Scalp. Cromlechs. Killiney. Kingstown. IV. A WEEK'S TOUR IX WICKLOW. 1. Duhlin to Bray. Bray Head or Sngarloaf. Kilruddery. Glen of the Down. 2. Delgany. Killoughter. Ashfonl. Devil's Glen. 3. Wicklow. Rathdrnm. Wooden Bridge. Shelton. 4. T<< Rathdrnm. 7 Chnrches. 5. Glenmalnre. Ascend Lugnaquilla. 6. Ronnd Wood. Lough Dan. Pollaphuca. 7. Lnggelaw. Gleneree. Lough Bray. Enniskerry. 8. Dargle, Powerscourt. Bray. Scalp. V. A FORTNIGHT IX KERRY. 1. Dul»lin to Mallow. Mallow to Kanturk and Millstreet. 2. Ascend Paps. Descend Valley of Flesk to Killarney. 3. The Lake, &c. 4. Mangerton. Lough Guitane. Muckross. 5. Aghadoe. Dunloe. 6. GarrantnohilL 7. To Tralee and Ventry. 8. Ascend Brandon. Bleep at Dingle. 9. Bv water to Valentia if weather permit). 10. To Waterville. 11. B :n. Kenmare. 12. Glengarriff. Ban try. 13. Pass of Keimaneigu. Inehigeelah. Macroom. 14. To Cork. VI. A WEEKS TOUR IX CLARE. 1. Dublin to Limerick. 2. Limerick to Kilrush. Iniseattery. 3. Kilrush to L »p Head and up the coast to Kilkee. 4. Kilkee to Miltown Malbay. 5. Excursion to Blieve Oallane and Ennis. T Ennistymon, Liscannor. fMoher. Kflfenora. Corrofin. Ennis. 8. Ennis to Killaloe. Up the Shannon to Athlone). VII. A WEEK ON THE BOYNE AXD BLACKWATER. 1. Dublin to Enfield. Oarberryand Edenderry, ird. Trim. . B • •■ Hill of Tar;.. L T] m to Athl B Us. < Hdcastle. Virgini Ixviii viit. Skeleton Routes. Introd. 5. By the Blnokwater to Navan. 6. Navan to Slane and Drogheda. 7. Drogheda. Mellifont. Monasterboice. VIII. A FORTNIGHT IN DONEGAL AND DERRY. 1. Dublin to Enniskillen. 2. Pettigoe. Lough Derg. Donegal. 3. Donegal. Killybegs. Carrick. 4. Ascend Slieve League. Glen. 5. Glengeask. Ardara. 6. Ardara to Gweedore. 7. Ascend Arrigal. Dunlewy, Dunfanaghy. 8. Horn Head. Lough Salt. Letterkenny. 9. Lough Gartan. Milford. Rathmullan. 10. Rathmullan. Rathmelton. Grianan of Aileach. Derry. 11. See Deny. Afternoon to Buncrana. 12. Moville. Inishowen. Return to Derry. 13. M'Gilligan. Dungiven. Coleraine. Portrush. 14. Causeway. Dunluce. Portrush to Belfast by rail. IX. A WEEK IN DUBLIN. 1, 2. Devote the first 2 days to the immediate city. 3. Howth. Malahide. Swords. Clontarf. 4. Phoenix. Glasnevin. Dunsink. Lucan. 5. Clondalkin. Drimnagh. Celbridge. 6. Rathmines. Rathfarnham. Kilternan. Shanganagh. Glendruid. Scalp. Bray. 7. Kilruddery. Bray Head. Killiney. Kingstown. Monkstown. X. A MONTH IN THE SOUTH, commencing at Water ford {from Milford). 1. Waterford. Thomastown. Inishtiogue. Jerpoint. 2. Kilkenny. 3. Clonmel. Cahir. 4. Mitchelstown. Caves. Castle. Glanworth. Fermoy. 5. Lismore. Cappoquin. Steamer to Youghal. (;. Ardmore. Youghal. By rail to Cork. 7. Cork. Blarney. 8. By water to Queenstown. Cloyne. Aghadoe. Carrigaline. Drive to Kinsale. 9. Old Head of Kinsale. Bandon River. Bandon. 10. Clonakilty. Roscarbery. Timoleague. Skibbereen. 11. Baltimore. Ballydehob. Mines. Bantry. 12. By water to Castletown-Bearhaven. Allihies Mines. 18. Adragoole. Glengarriff. 14. Excursion to Pass of Keimaneigh and Inchigeelah. 1 5. To Kenmare and Killarney. 1G. Lake, &c. Intr ix. Gl >ssl i i v/ of I) ' ish Won t Is . lxix 17. Dunloe, 18. Mangerton. 19. To Bneem and Waterville, T Valentia, 21. Cross over to Dingle ox Ventry. 22. Ascend Brandon — visit early remains-— into Tralee. I Vrdfert, Listowell, Ballybnnnion and Tarbert 24. To Kilk 85. Return to Limerick. 86. Killaloe, Caetle OonneH and Scariff. 27, Adare. Askeaton— by direct line to Charleville and Kihnallock. 28, Excursion to Lough Gur, Athassel, Tipperary. 29. OasheL Holycross, 30. To Dublin. IX. — Glossary of Irish Words, usually found in the CONSTRUCTION OF NAMES OF PLACES. Achadh Acba . . Abhan Ag*h .. Ail .. .. Aileach Aill.. .. Aird .. Airde . . Ath.. .. All Allui Anmhcr Aoi . . .. Bade .. Ball.. .. Bealach I', anna 1 1 ' rra . . Brae . . B an . . Br ireaic 1 - d or Gaabel I an I m 1 iiir or Catbair Cead « . I ill I I r ( . >cban Field. Mound, River. Battle. Stone. Stone-horse. Course, also a steep precipice. Coast or quarter. Height. Ford. Rocky cliff. Wild. Great. Country. Town. Place. Highway. Top. [wells. Abounding in Arm. Black. Fortified house or lace. I; ' k. A stone fort. tie. B >ne fort D. Church. a B ck l . . way, Cloch Bell or clock. Oloig-theach .... Steeple. Cluain A plain between two woods — hence a retreat. Cua Good. Cnoc Hill. Coimh The inflexion of comh — equal. Coinne Woman, Coll Head. Comh Equal, or partner. Crioch Country. Crubh Hand. Cruadh Hard. Cuan Bay. Da Good. Daimli House. Dairbhre Oak. Dinn Hill. Dis Two. Domnach Church. Drochad Bridge. Drom Back part. Dun Fortn Dubh Black. Basai Cataract. F< adh Wood. it Man. ran Mountain valley. Fronn Small. Mi Rough. \ Whit Gort Field. lxx ix. Glossary of Irish Words. Introd. Grian Bottom of a sea Iach Salmon, [or lake. Far Black. [west. Also back, the Inis Island. Leaclit Grave. Leabhhar Book. Leath Half. Lia Stream or flood. Great stone. Loe A place. Mam Mother. Ma'm Hand or foot. Meall Hill. Mile 1000. Mor Great. Magh Plain. Neall Cloud. Oil Rock, Oir.. .. Ramhad Rath .. Ral .. .. Righ .. Rinn . . Ruadh "Sean . . Siol .. .. Sliabh . Slieve . Sneacht Soib .. Suil.. .. Sul .... Ta'n .. Tlacht Tur.. .. Uisg . . Golden. Road. An earthen fort. Plain. King. Point. Red. Old, ancient. Tribe. Mountain. Snow. Hand. Eye. Sun. Counting. Earth. Tower. Water. HANDBOOK FOR I R ELAND. 1. EOUTES. The names of places are printed in italics only in those routes where the places are described. o. 4. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 1_. 14. 15. 17. 18. PAGE Holyhead to Kingstown and 1> Win ....'.. . 2 Dublin to D, < and Dun- Ik . 19 i Belfast 30 to Belfast, through 7. r and Downpatrick . 38 • ... 47 Dundalk to Enniskitten and S 54 Enniskillen to DerrUg by Omagh 61 SYi/o to Strabane, through mnon and Donegal . 70 Enniskillen to Pettijoe, Done- gal, and KMybegs .... 80 Strabane IMterkenny, ' > I re 9 Dunglow, Ai *dara, and Killv 85 London to Gweedore, th. ihy . . . 93 fast, by the Northern Counties Railway . _ 99 Coleraine - Port- ■ ' '.}•> and B -tie • . . .100 Dublin to M /•. Athlon*,, , and Galway . .119 / and Enfield to D i, through Trim and i 129 Dn a ■ ■' , and . by Rail 142 Mai Portadown, through C and Arma jh . 147 ., through -£ '/i- 'j 152 ROUTE PAGE 19. Athlone to Roscommon, Castle- reagh, Ballina, and Belmtdlet I 20. Galway t<» Clifden, through Oughterarde and Ballynahinch 1(34 21. Gaiway to Ballinrobe and West- port " 180 22. Clifden to Lcenane, Westport, and Sligo 187 23. Dublin to Wexford, through yn'c'/.Zov/, Arklow, and Ennis- corthy 199 24. Dublin to Rathdrum and Ark- low. — Tour through Wichlow 207 25. Dublin to Cork, by the Great Southern and Western Railway 219 26. Dublin to Carlow, Kilkenny and Waterford, by Rail . . 2 27. Kilkenny to Athenry, through Parsonstown and Loughrea . 251 28. Wexford to Cork, through Waterford, Dungarvan, and Youghal 254 29. Youghal to Cahir, through Lismore and Fermoy . . . 266 30. Limerick to Waterford . . . 271 31. Mallow to Killamey and Tralee. — The I.aki: of Killakxly 277 Limerick to Tralee . • . . 2 Li ericA to Doyle, through s and Tuam . The Shannon, from Afhlone to T imerick Killarney to Valentia and £5 m 324 36. C< rk to Kenmai , on, v. and 6 . . 17. ' to Bant r . Route 1, — Hohjlicad to Dublin. Irkland. ROUTE 1. FROM HOLYHEAD TO KINGSTOWN AND DUBLIN. Few routes of travel, even in these days of speed and comfort, can ow such palpable improvement as that between Holyhead and Kingstown. Instead of the old sail- ing packet-boat, that made its cross- ing subject to wind and weather, the tourist is conveyed by magnifi- it steamers, each of 2000 tons and 700 horse-power, which perform the distance of G6 m. in 4 horns, with most undeviating regularity — the punctuality that is kept, even in stormy weather, being something marvellous. The tourist will wonder less at it perhaps when he knows that, by the terms of the contract with the Post Office authorities, a fine is enforced of 34s. for every minute behind time, except in cases of fog. The Leinster, Ulster, Munster, and Conn an ght are four of the most com- fortable and splendid steamers to be found in any mail-service; they are also the speediest, the mea- sured mile by which all steam- vessels are tested having been tra- versed by them at the rate of 18 knots or 20 m. an hour; and the accom- modations for landing, particularly on the Dublin side, are so per- ct That the traveller has nothing i do but step froin one carriage into ih*-, steamer, and out again into an- other on the opposite side. Two packets leave Holyhead (Hotel : Royal) during the 24 hours, the tal distance from London to Dub- lin of 330 m. being performed in about 10 horns by the express trains id sti amers. It may not be amiss to advi.se tin; traveller by the night- ijitiil to secure his sleeping-berth directly he puts his foot on board. As the vessel emerges from the harbour, it glides past the noble breakwater, and the quarries from whence the stone for the works is obtained ; then past the Holy Head, with its telegraph-station, and the Stack Bock, with its lighthouse. The first 20 m. of the passage is gene- rally rougher than the remainder, owing to the prevalence of strong currents in the Kace of Holyhead. In due course of time the distant hills of the Emerald Isle loom in the far west, disclosing, as the steamer approaches near enough, a mag- nificent panorama of the whole coast from Balbriggan to Wicklow, with its glorious groups of mountains catching the rays of the rising or setting sun, as the case may be. Nearer still, the populous line of coast between Bray and Dublin appears as though occu- pied by continuous chains of villas. To the 1. is the distant Lam- bay Island, with Ireland's Eye, and nearer home the Hill of Howth, with the Baily Lighthouse. Some 8 m. from Kingstown vessels pass the Kish Light, placed there to designate a long chain of bank which runs down the coast from Howth. The tourist has scarce time sufficient to drink in the exquibite views of the Bay of Dublin, ere the steamer enters the capacious harbour of Kingstoivn (Hotels : Boyal, Angle- sey Arms — both excellent), bear- ing somewhat the same relation to Dublin that Clifton does to Bristol — a pleasant marine neigh- bour, where much of the fashion of Dublin migrates for fresh air and sea- bathing, and many of the wealthier citizens reside. Most of this portion dates from 1821, when George IV. embarked here, and gave permission to change the name from Dunleary to Kingstown. This fact has been com- memorated in an ugly obelisk of granite surmounted by a crown. The Harbour, towards which Par- liament advanced 505,000L, is a fine IRELAXT). Route 1. — Kingstown. work, the first Btone of which was laid by Lord Whitworth, the Lord Lieutenant, in 1817. It embraces an a of 251 acres, and is surrounded by piers to the extent of 8450 ft.; these terminate towards the sea by an inclined plane. bo as to make the thickness of the base 310 ft. At the pier-head, where there is 24 ft, of water at the lowest spring, is a lighthouse showings revolving light. From the S. pier runs out a long vered quay, called the Carlisle Landing Quay. This is laid down with rails, t^ allow the mail-packets t i i ^change p r once with the railway carri j s, bo that little or no time is I"-! in the transference. The whole of these massive works 1 milt with granite from the bouring quarries of Killiney B1 . 24 . Immediately fronting the • the harbour arc the St. I 1 Club-house, the Royal Irish I lib-house, and the Railway Slat., which, with the fine open space and them, contribute very much to the handsome and bright look of the pi: T\ ce is the rendez- vous of the military hands, which in the season play twice a week, and, ' _ • t with the Pier, forms a con- tit promenade for the gay folks of Ki . wn, who generally muster in numl bout the time of the arrival and departure of the 7 ' g ck< t. Tin's La ly th at event of the y. The town Ha If Is stn Airliner, m the h rontingtl being of superi -•• at the back, after of watering-plac t th-' eh; . Ki ni:- .-town in th ry. particu- larly ' Is the S., wh inert trip moderate walk, will ible tl climb the - Killi • y Hill, the antiquary number of . But the er who has fco make the lour of Ireland will not have much time to spare, so he must enter the train en route for Dub- lin, (> m. distant. This line, which is now incorporated with and worked by the Dublin and Wicklow Com- pany, was opened first in L 834, and ex- tended from Kingstown to Uray in 1854. To show the convenience that it is to the public, it is sufficient to mention that, in 18C.0, '2,200,000 pas- sengers were conveyed by it. Al- though the speed is not great, and the stoppages are numerous, yet the Kingstown line is pleasant, comfort- able, and well managed —indeed, the scenery in itself would indemnify the traveller for a good deal of discomfort. The line runs for the whole distance along the curve of Dublin Bay, so to produce a constant succession of charming views, while inland are numerous terraces and villas, and now and then a wooded park, with occasional peeps of the Dublin Moun- tains in the background. The sta- tions on the line are at Salthill, Blackrock, Booterstown, Foxrock, and Sandymount — all of them accom- modating a large suburban popu- lation. From SaUhill, where Parry's is a remarkably excellent hotel, and the Lovegrove's of Dublin, the tourist may visit Monkstown ch., a singu- larly incongruous building — "an edifice tui generis; outside it looks ,,n what of a mule between the Gothic and Saracenic; the steeple 18 surmounted by a cross, but the summits have something of a ere - it.* In the adjoining grounds i ruins of old Monkstown ( lastle, one of reral defensive establishments built protect the v which lay in Dublin Sound, owing to the shallow- ness of the Lifiey nai u The remainder of the neighbour!* d i be better visit d from Dub in Pop. L3 , which the risi i at tii.' terminus i;i i Bow. Th-- City of Dub!in t the metropolis l 2 Route 1. — Dublin. Ireland. [reland, is situated on the shore of Dublin Bay, and m the basin of the Liffey, which, flowing from W. to E., divides the city into two equal ])arts. In addition to this river; two or three i [nor streams water it, viz., the Lka, which accompanies the Mid- I n ! ( Jreal Western lUy. on the N.,and w- into the bay above the N. Wall ; the Dodder, which rises in the Dublin Mountains, and. skirting the southern suburbs, joins the Liffey close to its mouth at King-send. Probably no city in the world has such a magnifi- it neighbourhood as Dublin — par- olarly on the S., where it abounds in mountain-scenery of a high order, approaching the city sufficiently near to form an appreciable background in many of the street-views. Before commencing anything like a de- toiled survey of the city, it will be as well to give a general outline of the arrangements of the streets, so that the tourist may be au fait as to the leading thoroughfares. The c; watery highway " of the Liffey is a great landmark which can never be mistaken, as it divides the city into the northern and southern portions. A. great thoroughfare, running N. and S., intersects the Liffey at rt. angles, con- sisting of Rutland-square, Sackville- itreet, Carlisle-bridge, Westmoreland-, Btreet, Grafton-street, and Stephen's- green. As almost all the public buildings ore within a radius of 5 minutes' walk from one or other of these thoroughfares, the tourist need not fear losing his way to any great t« nt. Hotels. — Dublin is largely sup- plied with hotels, though, consider- ing it as tli" metropolis, there are not so mnny first-class establish- ments as might be expected. It will suffice to enumerate a few. On the X. side are, in Sackville-street, the Bilton, a family hotel, very good; the Gresham, good; Imperial, toler- ble ; Prince of Wales, commercial, but good and clean. On the S. side, in Dawson-street : Morrison's, first- class; Mackcn's, comfortable, and much frequented by military men and bachelors ; the Hibernian, very good. In Stephen's Green, the Shclburne (fa- mily). In College Green, Jury's, com- mercial (a good table-d'hote here }. There are, of course, numbers of others of every grade, from the hotel to the coffee-house,, but the above will in- clude everything necessary, Street Conveyances. — Omnibuses traverse special routes at stated times, forming a pleasant way of visit- ing the suburbs. The various routes will be found in the official Railway Guide ; but, wherever their destina- tion, they almost invariably depart from Nelson's Pillar in Sackville- street. Cabs and cars are legion — the former are after the London fashion, but the cars, with their re- spective Jarveys, are exclusively Dub- lin. To see the city, a car must be taken — the fares being but Gd. for what is called a set-down, viz., a drive to and from any place within the Corporation bounds, special bar- gains to be made for stoppages or hiring by time. As a rule, the Dub- lin carmen are civil and obliging — considerably more so than their confreres in London. In describing Dublin in detail, we should begin by its main artery, the Li fey, which, rising in the mountains of Wicklow, near Sally Gap, takes a circuitous course by Blessington, Kil- cullen, and Newbridge, from whence it flows nearly due E. through Leixlip, with its salmon-leap (Etc. 14), the Strawberry-beds near Chapel- Izod, and past the Phoenix-park, where it may be said to enter the city. A little before reaching the Wellington Testimonial, it is crossed by (1) the Sarah-bridge (after Sarah Countess of Westmoreland, who laid the first stone"). It has one fine elliptic arch, 104 ft. in diameter, and is 7 ft. wider than the Kialto at Venice. Close to the terminus of the Great Southern and Western Ely. is (2) the King's-bridge, built Ireland. J? nfc 1. — Brick > >. 5 aemoration of ( reorge IV, - Land in L821. This also is a single arch of LOO ft. span, with abutments of granite, and cost 13,0002., col] by public sub- iption. Passing on 1. the Royal rracks, it reaches 3] Barrack- bridge, which replaced one of wood, known as the Bloody-bridge, and con- sists of I - micircular arches. The iii.' of the Bloody-bridere orisi- nated from a battle "between the Duke of Lancaster and the Irish ler their King Art O'Cavi aagh, in which the English were d< G ated wirli such slaughter that the river i n red with blood for 3 day-.' I Queen's-hridge, built in L7< 1. L is 140 ft. in length. which preced d it. v. y by a flood. A very an- uctun d wh< re is now th-brid alt dur- i g the rule of Lord Whitworth, A" in 1816. It formerly called, at di a dd, Dublin, 1 Ormond Brid ad was rebuilt, r a fell, in 1427, by the Domini- -. •• fi ]• the convenience of their at Ush i- - Island. Tl . like the Arran, was - by the flood in 1812. in sink- foundation of Whitworth- . it was 1 that the • lid Bridge fl -\ d up ruins of another .-till m< . which is suppoa have »nstructi d in King .1 reign.' — I 1 1 i I • urch-st i nd Bi on ( Lther aide, are Ld Dubli . 1. the Four ( . . of 3 archi - of I stone, and with an iron le. 'I to. the k< y- ►n one ; I ! I . od ustry. on the \. be- b and Richmond 1 is alnu st i cupied 1 nr Courts, forming one of the fin< views in Dublin. (7) Essex-bridge was rebuill in 17.").). during the Viceroyalty of the Marl of Essex. It is a fine bridge of 5 arches, fashioned after the model oi Old Westminster Bridge. The vista at the S. end of Parliament-street is formed by the colonnade of the Exr chang . The Wellington, more com- monly known as the Metal-bridge, is a Light iron bridge of one arch. A toll is exacted here. The bridge par excellence of Pnhlin is ( Jarlisle, n< arly in the centre of the city, which the inliabitan Eblana consider, and not without reason, as the point from whence the finest view of the public build- and the river can beobtained.fi It connects the two leading thorough- fares of Sackville-street and West- moreland-- The view on the X. embraces the former, with the Nelson Pillar and the General Post- : on the W. the numerous bridges, the Four Courts, and the towers of Christ Ch. and St. Patrick ; and on the E. the docks crowded with shipping, the quays, and the C i-tom House. The bridg If consists of 3 arches surmounted by a balustrade, and is 210 ft. in lengtfr. From hence, the Liffey, beari] _ numbers of ships on her bosom, flo it the quays and the noble cut house i" the a a. The Long line of quays on the N., from whence m< of the steamers start, is called the North Wall, and at the end of it is a fixed light. The South Wall begins at Ringsend, Dear 1 1 mouth of the Dodder, and was erected for the purpose of guard] the harbour against the encroac ments of the South Bull Si ads, 1 is really an astonishing work, <'<>n- f large blocks of granit mped toget her, and runni ig i into the Bay of I Niblin foi ,i. Bfolf way is the Pig 11 , 1 \ aal, t [ r G Route 1. — Dublin. Ireland* with a basm which was much in re- quest prior to the formation of Kings- town. At the very end of the wall is the Poolbeg Lighthouse, bearing a fixed light To guard the harbour against the sands of the North Bull, another work, called the Bull Wall, was erected. It runs from the coast near Dollymount in a S.E. di- rection to within a few hundred yards of the lighthouse. " The com- mercc of the port of Dublin had in- creased so much towards the close of the last century that the accommoda- tion afforded in the river for shipping was found insufficient, and Parlia- ment consequently granted 45,000Z. for forming docks on each side of it. The docks communicating with the Grand Canal on the S. side were opened in 1796, and St. George's, the latest of the Custom House docks, in 1821. These latter cover an area of 8 acres, have 16ft. depth of water, and 1:100 yards of quayage, and are capable of accommodating 40,000 tons of shipping, surrounded by stores which will hold 8000 casks of sugar and tobacco, and 20,000 chests of tea, with cellarage for 12,000 pipes of wine. " — Thorn. The duties raised in the port in 1859 amounted to 1,066,252/. The other water highways of Dub- lin are the Royal Canal, a branch of which enters the city alongside of the Midland Great Western Ely., while the main channel follows the course of the Circular-road, and fells into the LitYev at the North A Vail. The Grand Canal makes a corresponding ellipsis on the S. side, and falls in at Ringsend with the Dodder. At its mouth are the Grand < ;mal Docks, which are well seen from the Kingstown Ely. Dublin po s 5 rly. stats. : — 1. The terminus of the Kingstown line at Westland Row offers nothing of interest, either in architecture or arrangement. 2. The Bray and Wicklow Stat, in Harcourt Str. is a plain, but massive Doric building, approached by a broad flight of steps and a colonnade. 3. The Great Southern and Western Stat, at Kingsbridge has a fine, though rather florid Corinthian front, flanked on each side by wings surmounted by clock- towers. These 3 last are all in the S. quarter of the city. 4. The Midland Great Western at Broaclstone is a heavy building, of a mixture of Grecian and Egyptian styles, which, together with the sad- coloured limestone, gives it a sombre appearance. 5. The Drogheda terminus in Amiens St. decidedly carries off the palm for architectural beauty, with its light and graceful Italian facade. Most of the public buildings are situated within a short distance of each other. In fact, with a few ex- ceptions, there is scarce 10 minutes' walk between any of them ; and this circumstance contributes to the noble street views, for which the city is so famous. Occupying the angles of Westmoreland and Dame Strs., and forming one of the sides of College Green, is The Bank of Ireland, which pos- sesses an additional interest from its having been the old Parlia- ment House. It was purchased from the Government for 40,000Z., after the Act of Union, by the Bank of Ireland Company. The whole of it was built, though at three separate intervals, during the last cent., at a cost of nearly 100,000?. Externally it consists of a magnificent Ionic front and colonnades, the centre occupying three sides of a receding square. The principal porch is supported by 4 Ionic pillars, and is surmounted by a pediment with the Eoyal arms, and a statue of Hibernia, with Fi- delity and Commerce on each side, the last 2 having been modelled by Flaxman. The open colonnade ex- tends round the square to the wings, and is flanked on each side by a Ireland. Route 1. — Public Building 8. ty entrance arch. This main front, which was the earliest portion of the building, and said to have been the design of Cassels, is con- nected with the B. and W. feces by a circular acn en wall, with projecting columns and niches in the intervj The E. front, Looking down College Green, was a subsequent addition, 1. by some in© insistency, | a Corinthian porch of (J columns. Over the tympanum is a statue of V rtitude. The W. Bront is the latest all, and has an Ionic portico. Ad- joining this si . which is in I" Place, is a guard-room, approached by an archway with Ionic columns. Internally the visitor should he principal Hall, or Cash Office, form- urt of R< ts, which i- entered through the main portico. It is a handsome room, decorated in th lassical st; le as the ex- Tiie old H of" Lords is not rticularly strikin . In the re- • hrone used to be, is by Bacon, of George III., in his Parliamentary robes. Of more are 2 large ta] a of t of Deny and the Battle of the . application to . an order can be ob- I toe operal f >r pnnt- the i. . the machinery for 7" 1 Post sten- buildi] W. of fi kville - buill for ■ '/. in 1 U5. hi the centre La a portico, also 1 r, with o' Urn d ] la pedimenl with the Boyal arm Lding the balustrad • and cornice round the "lit has a bald app< / ' a II- Eden I srii le Bridj rnally it is tic- finest building in ll din. . . •, the prin T front has a centre Doric portico, with a sculpture in the tympanum of the Union of England and 1 1 land. They are represented as seated on a Bhell, while Neptune is driving away Famine and Despair. From the por- tico extend wings, the ha.-' mcnl por- tion of which is occupied by open arcades, while the summit is finished off by an entablature and cornice. Flanking each end of those wings are 2 "pavilions," above which are the arms of Ireland. The other fronts are in the same . hut plainer, and the carrying round of the open arc;: light and graceful effect. Tic in i is occupied by 2 courts and a cen- tral pile of building, from which springs a tine dome, crowned by a monster statue of Hope, Tie: Cus- tom House poss a what very f! Loudon buildings can boastf viz., an open space all round, so as to allow it to be seen to advantage. When all the different Boards of Customs were consolidated into a al department in London, thj building was well nigh emptied, but i- now used as offices for the Poor- Daw Commissioners. Board of Public Works,, aial Inland R< venue. The Exchange is in Cork Hill, at the top of Dame St.. and commands from its portico a long avenue of Btreets, Looking down Parliam< id St., ESss x Bridge, and ( Sapel St. It \e «f I lorinthian order, and is a squa building of 3 fronts. The N. or principal face has a portieo of <; co- lumn-. The entablature, wh" highly decorated, is continued round Hi.' :; sid< s, ;i- o an elaborate Lustrade on the summit, when- interrupted by the pediment ih.- \. j ortico. In th" e a! door, though BO low that v ra ly ( >wing to tin- rapid incline of the Btreet, the end of the b rn the W. is "ii :• 1' vel with it, but i the B, is con riderably hi in th within the 8 Route 1. — Dublin. Ireland. square, and contains statues of George III. ; Dr. Lucas, some time MP. for Dublin ; Grattan ; and O'Connell. The Commercial Buildings and Stock Exchange are in Dame St., but do not offer anything very special. The Four Courts is a splendid and extensive pile, occupying the whole area of King's Inn Quay, be- tween the Richmond and Whitworth Bridges. It was built at an ex- ] use of 200,0007. at the end of the 1; 4 cent., a portion being the work Mr. Cooley, the architect of the Royal Exchange ; but after his death the remainder was finished by Mr. Gandon. It consists of a centre, fianked on each side by squares re- cessed back from the front, the conti- nuity of which, however, is preserved by arcades of rusticated masonry. The principal front is entered under a portico of 6 Corinthian columns, having on the apex of the pediment a statue of Moses in the middle, with Justice and Mercy on each side. This leads into the central division, which externally is a square block of buildings, surmounted by a cir- cular lantern and dome. Internally the square is occupied by the 4 Courts of Chancery, Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, each of which occupies one of the angles, leaving the centre of the dome free, t' ) form a noble hall, which in term 1 ne is the high 'change of lawyers. The panels over the entrances to the ( flirts exhibit : — 1. William the Con- qneror instituting Courts of Justice; 2. King John signing the Magna Charta ; 3. Henry II. granting the first charter to the Dublin inhabi- tants; 4. James I. abolishing the Br< ■] ion Laws. Between the windows i the dome are allegorical statues of Punishment, Eloquence, Mercy, Pru- dence, Law, Wisdom, Justice, and Liberty. Besides these 4 principal Courts the wings and other por- tions of the building contain several minor courts and oifices, which are almost entirely consolidated in this single locality. There is, however, another law establishment at the Kings Inn, fronting the Constitu- tion Hill, and nearly opposite to, though on a much lower level than, the Great Western stat. Dublin did not possess an Inn of Court until the time of Edward I., in whose reign Collet's Inn was established ; this was succeeded by Preston's Inn, but both were in course of time pulled down, obliging the societies to migrate elsewhere. Towards the close of the last cent, the present building was raised. It consists of a centre, crowned by an octangular cu- pola, and flanked by 2 wings of 2 stories, surmounted by a pediment. In this establishment are held the Consistorial, Probate, and Prerogative Courts. The Castle is situated on high ground at the top of Dame-st., ad- joining the Royal Exchange. Archi- tecturally speaking, there is little to admire in either of the 2 courts round which the buildings are grouped. Entering by the prin- cipal gateway from Cork Hill is the upper quadrangle, containing the Viceregal apartments (on the S. side), and the offices of the Chief Secretary for Ireland and officers of the House- hold. Between the 2 entrances on the N. side the facade is surmounted by a cupola, from the top of which a flag is hoisted on State days. The principal objects in the State apartments are the Presence Chamber and St. Patrick's Hall or Ball-room, which contains a ceiling painted with the following subjects : — St. Patrick converting the Irish ; Henry II. re- ceiving the submission of the Irish chiefs ; and (in the centre) George III., supported by Liberty and Justice. In the lower court are offices of the Treasury, Registry, Auditor-General, &c. ; and on the S. side the Round Tower and the Chapel. The former building was erected in place of one more ancient, known \\p. Boute l.—Thi Castle— Trinity College. o - the Birmingham Tower, which n sionally used as a State p] 1 1 is also called the Ward- r Tower, from the fact of the R >ya1 rob ng kept in ii ; bul i 3 now almost entirely occupied with tl. es and staff of the Ke- . which include in their valuable -its the pedigrees of the nobility eland since Eenry VIII. ; re- - of grants of arms- plea-rolls of all the Courts from 1246 to t625; te Parliament ; referen all grants of manors, lands, titles, fairs, markets, &c. 1 apel is a single aisle, with- out nave or transept, and is altogether U of [rish limestone, in a style of Externally n the Is, which arc over in number, including all the of Britain ; and over the N. the rather singular juxtapo- busts of St. Peter and 1) . >\\ i ft. is lighted by 6 pointed >ws on each side and a fine id . window : subject, >re Pilat The present replaced an older one in 1814, at a c 42,0002. lion of Dublin Castle at the aent of the 13th cent, is ascril M- yl« r Fitzhenry, natural to Hei v [ f. : and the completion to He iry de L odes, Arch- 1 i iblin in 1223. Ii was then built for and held as a fortn bs, and was d< 1 by a single curtain 1 flanM] _• i sfi rs, Tounded by a deep moat. In the i it wi - appro- ridence of the Vi which honourable duty ir I fulfilled, at Least officially, y r>n Stel i that lant makes hi- ap- . 'I'h' < astle may be e Locale of the nidi rnment, 'in hence all the »f the Clu ■ ther wiili t' . military, and j The coin-is are seen to best advantage in the ion-noon, when the guard anged to the pleasant accompani- ment of a full band. The great ex- citement takes place, however, duri the 91 ason, when the Viceroy gn his levees, to which all Dublin is eligible makes a point of going. At the bottom of Dame St., and forming a grand point of jun< \'« en the property of ;i family of that name in Holland. i .a, howevi r, is tl j 10 Route 1. — Dublin. Ireland, Manuscript - loom, in which ore Archbishop Usher's collection, Val- iancy's Irish MSS., Johnston's Ice- landic MSS., and Overbury's MSS. of Persia. Of Irish MSS. "the col- lection in Trinity College consists of over 1-10 vols., several of them on vellum, dating from the early part of the 12th, down to the middle of the last cent. There are also beautiful copies of the Gospels known as the Books of Kells and Durrow; and Dinma's Book, attributable to the 6th and 7th cents. The Saltair of St, Ricemarch, Bishop of St. Davids in the 11th cent., contains also an ex- quisite copy of the Roman Martyr- ology, and a very ancient Hiero- nymian version of the Gospels, the history of which is unknown, but which is evidently an Irish MS. of not later than the 9th cent. ; also the Evangelistarium of St. Malins, Bishop of Ferns in the 7th cent., with its ancient box, and numerous Ossianic poems relating to the Fenian heroes, some of very great antiquity." — Prof. O'Currey. The Museum, over the entrance gateway, contains a number of in- teresting though miscellaneous ar- ticles, and amongst them the harp of Brian Boroimhe, whose son Do- nogh presented it to the Pope in 1)23. In his turn he gave it to Henry V III., who passed it over to the first Earl of Clanricarde, and from him through several hands, until it finally rested here. Besides the squares described, there are Park Square and Botany Bay Square, principally for the accom- modation of students. On the N. side of the former is the Printing House, enterc d by a Doric portico. To the S. of the Library is the Fellows* Garden, with the Magnetic Observatory, the first of the kind •r established. The Transactions of the British Association embody most of the scientific observations at have been carried on here by Prof. Lloyd and the Irish astronomers. Adjoining these gardens is a pleasant park for the use of the students, well planted and laid out, and looking on to Nassau St. At the W. end, facing Grafton St., is the Provost's House. The University dates from 1591, when Archbishop Usher procured from Elizabeth a charter and " mortmain licence for the site of the dissolved monastery of All Saints." The con- stitution of the Corporation at present consists of a provost, 7 senior fellows, 28 junior fellows, and 70 scholars, and the average number of students is about 1500. The Roman Catholic University is situated on the W. side of Stephen's Green. It is quite modern, having been only established in 1854. Dub- lin does not possess many public statues or monuments. The princi- pal one is Nelsons Pillar, occupying a con- spicuous position in the centre of Sackville Street. It is a Doric co- lumn, 134 ft. in height, the summit of which is crowned by the statue of Nelson leaning against the capstan of a ship. It is worth ascending for the sake of the panorama of the city. The Wellington Testimonial is de- scribed at p. 14. In College Green is a bronze eques- trian statue of William III., on a marble pedestal, — the object of ve- hement adoration and hatred in years gone by, when it was the custom to decorate it with orange ribbons, as the usual prelude to a party fight. Fortunately the strong arm of the law has stepped in to control those passions which could not be guided by moderation and common sense. In front of the Mansion House in Dawson Street is an equestrian statue of George I. In Stephen's Green there is one of George II. ; and George III. is placed in the Bank of Ireland and the Royal Exchange. A memo- rial to the late Sir Philip Crampton lias been placed at the top of Bruns- Ireland. Route 1. — Societies — National Gallery, 11 f : and one to Goldsmith, .in Trinity College. Th >il Dublin > holds meetings in Kildare Street, rraerly the residence of the Duke I. insi r, the grounds extending le of Mer- ri d Square. Ir boasts the honour of b< ing the oldest Society in the lorn, for it was incorporated in 1750, and 1ms been in theenjoy- nt of Parliamentary grants for m< an \M) y The visitor can ■ the library which contains Is. di ily, on introduction I y b i mb r : and the Natural 1 1 v Museum on Mondays. Wedm d ys, an/ should be - en by every .-indent of Irish lii- tiquities. Visitors are 1 on Wednesdays, Thursda; and Fridays, on a member's intro- The Museum contains a •mplete and classified 9 of early - of all kinds that have found in Ireland, for the admirable arrangement of which t only the Academy, but every y owes a debt of gratitude to Sir W. Wilde, who has devoted an immense amount of time and know- in rendering t\iv Museum not so : nd ends. as an' xj si fthe social featun - ►untryfrom the earliest times to TJ gue written m Le m< >re b history of Irish An- n a m hould pay particular tanent of celts, row-hi I flini implements; telytx autiful earth* n mortuary urn work of which will minute inspection. I ion of L r <>ld on - 2 I , : imon by native 1 bout 1 123, and contain- ing v supposed to be a pi< inscri] in I i in tJ I sh ch.'i upon two of its sides distinctly re- cord. The ornaments generally con- sisi of tracery and grotesque animals, fancifully combined, and Bimilar in character to the decorations found upon crosses of stone of the same period. A large crystal, through which a. portion (^i^ the wood which the cross Was formed to enshrine is visible, is set in the 'centre, at the in- tersection." — Wilde. The Museum of Iris]! Industry is well worth a visit. It is on the E. side of Stephen's Green, and contains a series of geological, mineralogical , and chemical specimens, to exhibit the economic resources of Ireland. Tt is also the head-quarters of the I ological Survey, and n it, about to visit the interior of the country, should leave Dublin without consulting the officersof the Survey, who are at all times most ready and anxious to furnish information. Ad- mission is free. The Irish National Gallery, on N. side of Leinster Lawn, opened 1864, is devoted to collections of works of the Fine Arts, the lower story to sculpture, the upper to paintings. The c<^i has been defrayed by Parlia- mentary grants to the amount of 21,00w th.it E. Eng. pinnacles, which in late times been restored b P< rp. panelling, are retained < auine in the new restoration." ve is separated from the le aisles by 8 pointed arches with ■ 1 pi< rs. The transepts, also, vo ais - separated by 3 arches. W. Perp.) window was pre- ted to the Cathedral by Dr. Daw- . he late Dean. The choir is 90 ft. long, and is a of Early Pointed ar- chitecture. - ; It was formerly roofed with a flags of an azure colour, ill with stars Id; but nt oi the roof 1 rt undei . it v« red, and discovered tz f lou windows. I y. 11 contains the tlr i f the Archbishop, and the bendal stalls and throne of the S . Patrick, over i ach one e helmet, sword, and banner i rd< r. i 1 triforium, and the S transept should b ularly noticed. The choir is I from the Lady Chapel by d arch with deeply i' cessed uldings and cluster^ d columns. I ' !ontains on the whole d more into :i of monuments than Chri Church. The principal are those of Archbishop Smith, 1771 ; Bishop Marsh, the founder of the library ; the Earl of Cavan, 1778 ; Mrs. Best Johnson, otherwise ' Stella, the friend of Sw id. There is also one of the Dean himself, with an epitaph, the bitterness of which sufficienl ly reveals the anther : — " \"i >i Bseva indiguatio ulterius cor lacerare neqult." Tn the choir is one of those immense and massive monuments in which the family of the Earls of Cork seemed to delight, and which contains a Large number of figures, remarkable for the fr< shnessof the colouring. In the np- •parl is I ) an Weston ; and beneath i. Sir ( o oflr< y Kenton and his wife. Still lower are the Earl and Countess of Cork, with 4 Bons kneeling by them, and at the bottom are their 6 daugh- ter ther with a child, supposed to be Sir Robert Boyle. Opposite this gigantic tomb is a slab in memory of Duke Schomberg, with an epitaph by Swift, which gave mortal offence to George I., who declared that "the Dean of St. Patrick's had put it there out of malice in order to stir up a quarrel between himself and the King of Prussia; who bad married Schom- berg's granddaughter.'' The remaining monuments of note are those of Sir E. Fytton, Lord Pr< aidenl of Connaught, and in the \. transept of the 18th Royal [rish, representing the death of Col. Tom- linson a1 ( Ihappoo, and I be storming the Pagoda a1 Rangoon. A portion of the s. transept was formerly known as the Chap I of St. Paul or the ( >ld ( ihapter House, and is Baid to have b en the prison of the [nquisition. In it should be noticed the st< ps and enamelled tiles Leading up to the altar. The approaches to St Pa- trick, which are very bad, and no wonder, considering thai ii tu- ated id one of the worsl parts of 1 1 city, arc about to l>« much improved. in.nt of the S.1 statue by Foley to Mr, Guinni bs is to be 11 Route 1. — Dublin. Irelakd. placed, and one to Dean Swift is also in contemplation. The organ is fine-toned, and was originally built for a church in Vigo. Amongst the most noticeable of the Dublin churches are the follow- in- :— On the S. side — St. Aiidoens, be- tween Christ Church and the Corn Market. Here are some good speci- mens of Early Pointed architecture, although in ruins ; the only portion of the ch. that is used being the N. aisle of the ancient building, which con- sisted originally of a double aisle, separated by 6 octagonal columns, supporting pointed arches. The choir and side aisle were built by Lord Port- lester, who also erected a tomb w T ith the recumbent figures of a knight and his lady. This ch. is the burial- place of Dr. Parry, Bishop of Kil- laloe; Sir Matthew Terrell, 1649; and the Molyneux family ; and con- tains several monuments of wood. St. Werberrfs, near the Castle, has a mixed front and several stories of the Corinthian and Ionic orders. In the interior are monuments of ecclesiastics and knights; and in the vaults lie the remains of Lord Edward Fitzgerald, who died of wounds received during his arrest in 1798. This ch., like its sister in Bristol, is dedicated to St. Werberg, daughter of Wulherus, King of Mercia. St. Andrew's, between Grafton and Dame Streets, is now being rebuilt, and will be, when finished, a beauti- ful building. The old ch., which was burnt down, was an imitation of Sta. Maria di Rotonda at Borne, and was generally called the Pound Church. On the N. side of the Liffcy are St. Micha/nls, near the Four Courts, the vaults of which were celebrated for the extraordinary powers of pre- servation of the bodies within it. In the corpses of people who had been buried for 30 years were found to be perfectly free from decay, a circumstance in all probability at- tributable to the extreme dryness of the vaults, and the ability of the stones to resist moisture. In the in- terior of the ch. is a monument to Dr. Lucas, M.P. for Dublin, whose statue is in the City Hall. In the very N. of the city near Mount] oy Square, is St. George's, which has a lofty tower, steeple, and portico, erected in 1802 from designs by Johnston, at a cost of 90,000L The remaining chs. do not present any very particular objects of inter- est. They are St. Michael and St. John's, St. Kevin's, and St. Peter's, all in .the neighbourhood of Christ Church and St. Patrick's ; St. Ann's, in Dawson Street (where Mrs. Hemans and Csesar Otway are buried, and where the musical service is well done), St. Bride's, St. Mary's, St. Stephen's (in Upper Mount Street) St.Catherine's, St. James's, St. Paul's, St. Luke's, and St. Mark's. Of the Roman Catholic Chapels, the tourist should see the Metro- politan Chapel in Marlborough-st. (a little to the E. of Sackville-st.), which has a Doric front with a hexa- style portico raised on a platform, and a pediment ornamented with figures of the Virgin, St. Patrick, and St. Lawrence O'Toole. The interior has a nave and aisles^ and a beautiful white marble altar. St. Andrew's, near the "Westland Row Terminus, is worth visiting for the sake of a fine group represent- ing the Transfiguration, the work of Hogan, one of the greatest sculptors that Ireland ever produced. The Chapel of St. Saviour's, in Dominick-st., has one of the most elaborately decorated fronts in the whole city, and a particularly elegant rose window. A new chapel, in good taste, has recently been built at Phibsborough in the N. of the city. The Phoenix Park is the Utopia of every citizen of Dublin, who believes that there is nothing in the world like \xr>. BotUe 1. — Zoological Gardens — Botunda. 15 it: it is in truth an adjunct of which ] ity might be proud, containing I L759 acres, of which 1300 open to the public. The prin- jects in it are the Wellington timonial near the S.E, gate, a ive obelisk, on a pedestal <'t' mite, on the 1 si lea of which are la ami inscriptions commemo- ' all the victories gained by Duke during bis long career, :1 height of the obelisk is and the cost of it v \ . 0J. From the knoll on which memorial is placed, as also from [ I r/iim Fort a little to the E., views of Dublin are to he obtained. In the N.E. portion of the park are the / I G lens, which • utain a tolerable collection, to- ther with the 1 , which is principal r» sidence of the 1. >rd Lieutenant, the h< >f the Und< r 8 cretary, and b bulary Barracks. Near to the W. are the Mountjoy Barracks, 1 p of Sack- s of public rta ami meet- nail y, how ii is I by th..- superior architecture Lying-in Hospital, which ha a towards Gr< kedoneachsideby 'j' • irminated by por- ti I that udid line of building was laced a little m the E.,wh it would have terminated the vista of Such was the oi ii, tli-- foul i >r. M Ued wit 1 I 1 Mount- j a rofthi :id. Kilmaiuham Hospital, a little to the S.W. of BLingsbridge, is built on thi site of tin 1 <»ld priory of Kilmainham, an establishment of Knights Tem- plars,in 1174, and was turned Into an asylum for invalid soldiers in L690. It consists of a quadrangle- encircling a court, said to have been built from designs by Sir Christopher Wren, The visitor will Bee in the dining-hall a collection of por- traits of celebrities of the nth and 18th ecids. The altar-screen in the chapel is of Irish oak, carved by Grinling Gibb i The handsome building for the Gnat Irish Exhibition of 1865 in- clude s ;i Winter-Garden, filled with beautiful plants. It was built at the principal cost of Mr. Guinnef The remaining institutions of Dublin are the Royal College of Surgeons on the E. side of Stephen's Green (th >mical Museum of which is well worth seeing), Stevens' Hospital, City Hospital, Sir Patrick Dunn's, Simpson's, Mercer's, Swift's Hospitals, Rich- mond Lunatic Asylum, and many others of lesser uote; indeed, few cities are so well provided with institu- tions and societies for charitable pur- posesofall , The antiquary will ]•, rhapsl tppointed in the modern d of Dublin, anil in the Pew old buildings that remain. Indeed, with the except] the ancient Archie- pisoopa] Palace in Kevin-st., now n- d ;is ;i police barrack, there arc uo hous - ' tor to the common' - menl of the I I cent. The Liberties will howeverfui lish many specimi of the time of Queen Anne, particu- larly in B They were once the abode of the rank and fashion rind, bni at the popu- i!i:ii inhabit them are uot of the ,.]i <\ scription, and the tourist may possibly obtain fe >re not lan may b Suf- ficient 1 out the h in- and it 16 Route 1. — Dublin. Ireland. only renin ins to direct the visitor to the things most worth seeing in the suburbs : — 1. Kingstown by rail has been already described (p. 2). Trains run every j hour through the day. 'J. To Clonskea, Sandford, and Ranelagh, there are omnibuses from Nelson's Pillar. The route is through Westmoreland St., College Green, rt. Bank, 1. Trinity College, Grafton St., Stephen's Green, Harcourt St., and Oharlemont St., at the end of which the Grand Canal is crossed. 2.} m. Donnybrook, on the N. bank of the Dodder, is celebrated for its fair, which with its noisy mirth and pug- nacity has become known throughout all the civilised world as the arena for breaking heads : — " An Irishman all in his glory was there, "With his sprig of shillelagh and shamrock so green." It is now fortunately abolished, for, though the humours of Donnybrook were many, they were far counter- balanced by the riot and misery that the fair occasioned. Continuing S. this road leads to Stillorgan, passing a great many villas and residences, amongst which that of Mount Mer- rion, belonging to the late Lord Herbert of Lea, is conspicuous on rt. 3. To Eathfarnham, the greater portion of the distance is traversed 1 >y omnibus every \ of an hour from Sackville-st. 2 m Eathmines is a very populous and respectable suburb, although it formerly had an infamous noto- riety for the slaughter of the early Lglish colonists of Dublin by the Irish of Wicklow. i The route fol- lowed is the same as in the last up to the end of Harcourt St., where there is a divergence to the rt., the Eathmines road crossing the canal near the Portobello Barracks. At 3 m. Eound Town, a road to rt. is given off to Blcssington and • as, while that to Eathfarnham rui - 8., passing rt. Terenure House and crossing the Dodder. 3J m. Eathfarnham. Here is the College of St. Columba, for the edu- cation of students for the Protestant ministry. The castle was formerly the seat of the Loftus family, but now of Lord Justice Blackburne. The grounds are pretty, and worth driving through. If the tourist wishes to ascertain what romantic scenery exists near Dublin, he may follow up the Dodder to its source in Glanasmole, or the Valley of the Thrush, a river which Wordsworth was accustomed to say was not much inferior to the Dudclon. Southward the road leaves to 1. the Loretto Con- vent, and continues through Will- brook to Bray, passing 1. Marley (D. La Touehe, Esq.), then on, rt. Mount Venus with its cromlech, and so through the Scalp (Ete. 24). 4. To Lucan, through Chapel Izod and Palmerstown, the road runs past the Eoyal Hospital of Kilmain- ham, and crosses the Great Southern and Western Ely. at Inchicore. Chapel Izod is supposed to have obtained its name from La Belle Isode, a daughter of one of the Irish kings who possessed a chapel here. The lands that formerly belonged to the Knights Templars of Kilmain- ham, came into the possession of the Knights of Jerusalem until the dis- solution of the monasteries, when they were purchased by the Crown, and taken to enclose the Phoenix Park, which, though on the opposite side of the river, is in this parish. A little further on is Palmerstown, which gives the title to the family of Temple. Adjoining the village are Palmerstown House and St. Law- rence House, both on the S. bank of the Liffey. 9 m. Lucan (Ete. 14). 5. To Clondalkin, by road either from Kilmainham, turning off from the Lucan road at Inchicore, or by a more southerly course near the village of Crumlin. 3J m. on rt. is the well-preserved castle of Drim- nagh, a remarkably perfect bawn I :land. 7/ mte 1. — Suburbs. 17 It was considered b place of great strength during the rebelli L641. . . ( londalMn, a pretty village an ion on the Greal Southern and Western Rly., ia famous for its mid tower, the construction of which J l \ P< trie Likens to thai of Bronllys ( astle in Breconshire. Clondalkin remarkable for its projecting base niy 13 t't. in height, and com- bed of solid masonry. "The aper- tures are all quadrangular, the jambs the doorway inclining as in th< - of the oldest church The total - 84 t't. The abbot St. Mochna, who lived in the 7th cent., was the founder of the of Oluain Dolcain, ical establishment of Nothing is now : to mark it but the tower, and a g mite cr tea in the chyarcL The irist can i\ turn to Duhlin by rail. I to Blanchardstown is the N". hank of the river, imme- y opposite the preceding and whole length of the 1 ' It then i gate of K lockmaroon, and through the vil- stleknock to Blanchards- . 14). 7. Glasnevin Glaseen-even, "the nt little field" is a ?ery pretty thern suburb ; the way to it the Midland Great I Broadstone and i a through ibsborough. It th< Liff! y I r nch of the I il, h aving on 1. the Prospect Cemetery, where, amo iv other celebrities, the r« mains John Phil] ' irrau lie buried. A v< ry ugly and conspicuous Round I to the int. - • < » ' mnell. tevin cue f« in House, the Beat of Hon. G. Lindsay. The village of Finerlas, where th< is an ancient crot . oot only cele- brated for its early origin, which is believed to date very nearly from the time of St. Patrick, hut in lat< r times was the scene of May sports, which attracted all the world, and were probably the relics of the Pagan "feriaa." 8. A mail car goes every morning to Swords (lite. 2), passing the vil- lage of San try, and San try House, the i ( f Sir Charh s Domville, Bart. 9. To Howth and Malahide by rail, Rte. 2. in. To Clonfarf and Dollymount omnibuses run every half hour from skvilie-st. The road firsl cross - the LifFey branch of the Royal Canal, and then the Tolka by Annesley Bridge, Leaving to the LtheConvent, with Drumcondra Ch. and Castle Lord J. Butler). The <-i:i< f attrac- tions of Clontarf anc. < lluain-tarbh) are Marino, the Beal of the Marl I nh mont, and ( Slontarf t Castle J. E. Vernon, Esq. , a beautiful ion of " mix* d Elizabethan and tellato d m;, l< b." I [ere was ■■■ atb I otarf i Good i oi i, i„ tween the I >an< a d d< r 9 and the Ii ish under their king 1 1 .. i 1 ; . e, who i 18 "Route 1 . — Dublin — History. Ireland. his death wound on tins occasion, together with 11,000 of the flower of his army. The Irish, notwithstand- ing (heir loss, were triumphant, and the decline of the Danish power may be dated from this action, although it was not immediately extinguished. At Dollymount a visit can he paid to the Hull wall and pier, which protects the harbour of Dublin from the sands of the N. Bull (p. 6). Conveyances from Dublin: — In addition to the local services esta- blished for the use of the citv, railways radiate to all quarters of the compass : 1. To Drogheda, Dnndalk, Newry, and Belfast, by the Dublin and Drogheda line in Amiens St. ; 2. To Mullingar, Cavan, Long- ford, Athlone, Roscommon, Castle- bar, Sligo, Westport, Ballinasloe, and Gal way, by the Midland Great Western (Broadstone) ; 3. To Kings- town, Bray, and Wicklow, from West- land Bow and Harcourt St. ; 4. Kil- dare, Tullamore, Maryborough, Kil- kenny, Waterford, Mallow, Killar- ney, Tralee, Limerick, Cork, by the Great Southern and Western ^Kings- bridge). Coaches and cars to Ash- town, Baltinglass, Blessington, Wex- ford, and Enni skerry. By steamers to Holyhead daily; to Kingston 5 times a day ; Belfast weekly ; Fal- mouth, Plymouth, Portsmouth, and London, bi-weekly ; Belfast and Glasgow 3 times a week; Liverpool daily; Whitehaven bi-weekly ; Wex- ford weekly ; Bristol weekly ; Silloth ••.-kly. A brief notice of the history of Dublin may not be uninteresting, although to give it in detail would be to write the history of Ireland. The name of Eblana is occasionally given it, because a city of this name is mentioned as existing in the same latitude by Ptolemy: but with more probability it acquired its appel- lation from Duibb-linne, the Black- ater ; " in fact, so called from a lady named Dubh, who had been formerly drowned there. The Danish or English name Dublin is a mere modification of Dubhlinn, but the native Irish have always called, and still do call the city Ath Cliath, or Baile Atha Cliath, the Ford of Hurdles, or the Town of the Ford of Hurdles." — O'Ciorey. In the time of St. Patrick, the Danes, or Ostmen, were well established as merchants, as we bear of his celebrating mass in one of the vaults of the cathedral built by them for storehouses. In the 9th cent., however, they en- tered as conquerors, and from this date the annals of Dublin present very stormy details of wars and tights between the Ostmen and the native Irish. But the power of the Danes in Ireland received its great overthrow at the battle of Clontarf (p. 17), although they still kept possession of the city and founded Christian churches in the reign of Sitricus, 1038. In the same cent. Godred, King of Man, overran Dublin, and for some years exercised his sway. But on his death we find the city in the hands of native Irish rulers until the in- vasion of Wexford by the English in 1169, who under Strongbow occu- pied it with the ostensible view of assisting MacMurrough, King of Leinster, against his enemy Koderic O'Connor. The principal subsequent events were — the arrival of Henry II., who granted a charter to the inhabitants ; the erection of the castle by King John ; the attack and partial de- struction of Dublin by Edward Bruce in 1315; the rebellion of Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, commonly called Silken Thomas, during the reign of Henry VIII. ; the landing of Crom- well in 1649 ; and the insurrection of Bobert Emmett in 1803. The in- tervals between these dates, especially up to the 17th cent., were charac- terised by repeated outbreaks and attacks made by native Irish, who presumed on the weakness of the government. Ireland. Route 2. — Dull in to Drogheda and Dundolk, 19 ROUTE 2. DUBLIN TO DROGHEDA AND DUNDALK. The Dublin and Drogheda Rly. opened in 1849 is the first link in tlu* great northern chain that connects Dublin with Belfa and i>. bo l'ar. of importance, although the Length of the whole line, includ- ing the branches to Howth and OKI- - Dot more than 71 m. Starting t. in Amiens-street, a very nil building with an Italian fe- the rly. is carried through the N.E. part of the city on a viaduct, cr» the Royal Canal by a fine d lattice beam bridge of 140 ft span, and Boon emerging on ti - aids oi' I ri Bay, which arc travers I by ai rakment 30 ft. high. On 1. is a granite bridge of 3 arc] as the A . over i Tolka river, which here en If into the hay. From the em- inent a very charming pano- nu : - _ ined on every >i le, ity with its foi i and chimi ind the whi as £ s stown, b iij) by th< I > I lin and Wicklow inland arc nun - roue \ Qlas and han .On L is 1 te mansion of of the Earl larlemont ; and rt. is I int irf t with Clontarf Castle (J. E. Vernon, Esq. , and f»idences : hut as thi • * immunication by omni- . this place and I tollymounl to the city, it i ■ in the I >• blin Rte. l . m. the line en the •wth turnpike-road, having on 1. Mount Temple and Donnycarn \\ nl so ti- lt ster cutting in the black calp Lime- stone, through which it is carried I 1 1 m. to Raheny. On 1. of the rlv. ia Killester ruined ch. and abbey, the latter the seat of D. Nugent, Esq. Artane T. Alley, Esq. , j m. L, was the scene of a ci uel murder perpetrated in 1533 on John Allen, Archbishop of Dublin, and one of Wolsey's prot ges,when flying from the resentment of Lord Thomas Fitzgerald. " It is universally sup- posed that Fitzgerald, moved with compassion, and intending only to have the prelate imprisoned, cried out to the people in [rish, 'Take away the clown.' but the attendants, wilfully misconstruing his words, b< out the bishop's bi s." ( )n rt., to the line, is /■'■ rry Park (T. Bushe, Esq.), formerly th< >fthe Earl of Shannon. 3f m.liali' ray Stat., or more properly Eat hen v, from its situation near an ancient rath, still to he traced. In the neighbourhood are Raheny Park (T. Gn -ham, Esq.), and Sybil Hill J. Barlow, Esq. . From hence the line passes through an undulafi country, occasionally affording pl< aant peeps of i aery. 4| m. Junction Stat. [From this point the rly. to Howth turns off to rt. On the shore are the n mail oi KUbarrock Ch,, once the votive all mari] bay of Dublin. It contains some round- 1 and pointe 1 arches. In the 13th cent, the manor held by the tenure of presenting a pair of furred j to the kn. . m. Baldoyle Stat. Emm the bridge, ci the line, there is very lovely view of the promontory of Howth, with the rock] ad of h-elan l's Eye a little to the X. ( )n rt La Sutton, famous for it- be 1 rters. I quantities of dolo- oi m Limestone have ied from th< - in ti. m. // wth, Eotd: Royal The hill of Howth, so jill the 20 Route 2. — Ho will— Harbour— Castle. Ireland. inhabitants of .Dublin, is "an ele- vated promontory connected with the mainland by a sandy isthmus, ;mne fortress formerly occupied the site of the Bail? Lighthouse, from whence the name Ballium waspro- bly iL rived : and it is believed - remains, which arc still itly visible, indicated the resi- \ Criomthan Nia-nair, who n : 'Vi r Ireland about the year and whose » pulchral cairn the summit of Sliath Mar- tin. Th le of the coast scenery on the S. of Ilowth Head is very film, particularly at the so-called "lion's Head," and the Needles * mdlesticks, some hold isolated . a little to the W. of the Baily. Indeed it would be difficult toover- intyofthe views from any he hill, but more particularly B., extending eve]- I magi - m ep of Dublin B y and the Wicklow Mountains. On th Le of ]:■ n Wowth, centre of the pro- montory to height of 560 ti . St. F 9 ( /'., a Vi markably small of the 13th cent Internally it measures only 16J ft. by 7 ft. 8 in., and is Lighted by 5 windows of various forms, deeply splayed in the interior. T a a lancet doorway in the W. gable, bich is surmounted by a dispro- ll-turret A little dis- - the well of Bt. Fintan. . and Ilowth Castle mte 1 ' t'»i ; support* re, and covered by a . - ft. in depth and L8 ft. squj Ti H I- !,:: the one in Howth, viz. Byron's, n< Sutton, and the Baily, near the light- house. As regards geological posi- tion, the coast of Howth affords clear ctions of Cambrian rocks, princi- pally quartz, separated from ea< other by hands of greenish-gr< y slate dipping to the S.W. At a point called the Cliffs, on the S. coast, is a Large green hornblendic dyke; while the formation of the Needles of quartz rock resting on porphyritic greenstone. At the extreme end of the Nose of Ilowth, on the N.E., Dr. Kinahan found Oldhamia antiqua. The bills in the centre of the district, such as l>en Howth, Loughoreen, Dang Hill (on which is the old light- house ,are also formed of thick beds of quartz. "Taking Howth as a whole, it presents hardly a feature in common with the Cambrian rocks of Wicklow or Wexford, with the ex- ception of some of the quartz rock ma and the occurrence of green grits and slates at some points. Whether Cambrian or Silurian, it seems to occupy a horizon distinct from any rocks hitherto examined on the eastern coast." — Geolo tlic ruined a]«' single-aisled building, of nave an 1 chancel, divided by a good •h. and lighted by trefoil windows • B., md a perpendicular window \V. There i> also a 2rlight window under the little belfry, orna- ated with crocketed ogee cano- I bj le i> tin- altar-tomb of Maud Plunkett, the heroine Grrif- ballad of the 'Bridal of Mala- hide, 1 whose husband IV • 1 1 in a fray immediately after the celebration of his man' _ . thus making her maid, wife, ami wi«l<>w, in one day, though afterwards lived to many her I husband, sir Richard Talbot : — ■ Cut oh, for the maiden Who mourns for that chief a heart overladen An«i rending witl w In one morning tide, rife and a widow, A a i rid bj '. ie." The t surmounted by her re- cumbent effigy in tin- c ►stume of tin- 1 5th •■• it. It is a pity thai the w< i I ar«- allowed to gn ii pro, . within t\n: precincts [:; m. t > 1. of Malahi L - the vil ; : Swords, irkable for its •und tower. tie. It * impbrtan( founded here in 51 . Luinb, which was sub - op- i The is 7. ■ It 3 ft. above the level of the ground, with a 2nd aperture of marly the same shape, '20 ft. above the ground. The castle, or the archiepiscopal re- sidence, consists of long ranges of embattled walls Hanked by square towers. It is said to have been destroyed, together with the town, ii'» less than 4 times by the Danes. Adjoining the round tower is a eli. of the 14th cent., to which is appended a modern excrescence forming the body of the building. In the neighbourhood of Swords are Brackenstown House, the seat of B. Manders, Esq., in whose grounds i- a large rath ; ami Balneary Hon II. Baker, Esq. ]. The line new cro the estuary for 1] m. by means of a considerable embank- in \ii, divided in the centre by a timber viaduct set on piles. There is a tine view from it over Malahide, Lambay Island, and the promontory of Portraine. 11^ m. To the 1. of Donabate Stat., are the remains of the square cattle of Donabate, "the high fortress of the bay," also Newbridge House, the scat of the family of Oobbe, in whose demesne are the ivy-covered ruins of Landestown Castle : also on 1. is Turvey House, the estate of Lord Trimleston. On rt., overlooking the shore, is Portraine, the castellated a at of J. Evans, Esq. Close to the sea is b modern round tower, d to tin; memory of a former member of the family by his widow. .*; m. off the- coast is Lambay Tdand\ the Limnius of Pliny, tlie clifls of which, rising to the height of 41s ft., form a beautiful feature in tin i ry. Geologically sp< ak- _•, it coi "i' dark porphyry, overlaid Kiln and 'i Points the S.E and N.E. spectively) by grey Silurian lim - and gn ] a Kiln nt and tfa Portraine capita] fields for Silui ian fossils, ly in the matt« r of trilo- •1'::' re i.- a 24 Route 2. — Dublin to Drogheda and Dundalk. Ireland. curious old polygon building evi- dently constructed for defending the place, which its battlements and spikeholes command in every direc- tion : it has been built entirely on arches without timber." — I) Alton. The cliffs of Lambay were the scene of the- wreck of the iron steam- vessel ' Tayleur .' The lands of Portraine, in which barony Lambay is included, were formerly given by Sitric, the Danish King of Dublin, for the endowment of a Christian ch. 14 m. Rush and Lush Stat. Rush is a small maritime village on the it., possessing no feature of interest; but the visitor should by all means see the round tower of- Lush 1 m. 1. An abbey was founded in the 5th cent, by St. Macculind, who is supposed to have been buried here. The chief peculiarity of the ch. is its square embattled steeple, probably of the latter time of E. E., supported on 3 sides by slender round towers, with Irish stepped battlements. The further side is flanked bv a round tower of undoubted antiquity, mea- suring 7J ft. diameter at its base, though deprived of its conical apex. The body of the ch. consists of 2 aisles, divided by a range of blocked pointed arches, and contains a richly- decorated monument to Sir Christo- pher Barnewell and wife (16th cent.), " by whom he had issue 5 sons and 15 daithers." Underneath the tower is a crypt in which the founder was buried, and this crypt, "being termed in Irish 'lupca,'is supposed I uive given name to the locality." — J y Alton. In the black carboniferous lies of Lough Shinny, in which copper Juts been worked, may be found the fossil called " Posidonomya Becheri." 15 m. rt. is Kenure Pa/rk, once the residence of the Duke of Ormond, and now of Sir Roger Palmer. 10 m. 1., on an eminence, are the ruins of Bcddangan Castle, " the town of the fortification." Some uare towers and walls are all now left of this once fine fortress, which formerly belonged to the De Berming- hams,from whom it passed to the Lords of Howth, and subsequently held out in 1G41 for the confederates of the Pale, against the Parliamentary army. Portions of a ch. are also visible. Passing rt. Hacketstown (J. Johnston, Esq.), and 1. I m. Milverton House (G. Woods, Esq.), the traveller arrives at 18 m. Skerries, a thriving little fishing harbour anciently called Holmpatrick, from a tradition that St. Patrick once landed here. The islands of the Skerries lie a short distance out. They are 3 in number — Red Island, Colt, and St. Patrick's ; beyond which is the Rock o' Bill. Connected at low water with the mainland is Sherrick's Island, on which there is a martello tower. There is a lighthouse on one of the Skerries islands showing a red re- volving light. At Barnageera, 19 m., the antiquary may see a couple of sepulchral tu- muli, which in 1840 were opened, yielding a coffin and bones. On 1. are Ardgillan, the castellated re- sidence of Col. Taylour, M.P., and Hampton Hall (G. A. Hamilton, Esq.). About 1 m. 1. is Balrothery, the ch. of which possesses a peculiarity similar to Lusk in having a round tower flanking one of the angles of the steeple. As the line runs close along the coast, fine views are obtained in a northerly direction of the head of Clogher, above which, in clear weather, the Mourne Mountains rise in noble ranges. 22 m. Balbriggan {Hotel : Hamilton Arms), a town of about 2250 Inhab., associated with hosiery and stockings in particular, in which it still carries on an important trade. It owes its prosperity almost entirely to the family of Hamilton of Hampton, and particularly to Baron Hamilton, who in 1780, with the help of the Irish Parliament, established cotton-works, and built a pier 420 ft. in length ; .LAND. R mte 2. — Drogheda, 25 - quently to which an inner dock - constructed almost at the sole of another member of the g Dae family. The harbour is lighted by a fixed Light. le rly. is carried aero-- the harbour by a viaduct of 11 arches ft. span. 24 in. G On 1. is Gor- ra Castle, the finely wooded - at of Viscount Gormanstown, in whose | 3ion it has been since the time of Edward III. It is a large rectangular pile of building flanked by slender round towers, and is not remarkable for much archi- otural ta>ir. The wooded glen of the D Ivin river, which here parates the counties Dublin and Meath, i a pretty contrast to the - >mewhat bleak coast-lands through which the line has hitherto been On rt. is the headland of Knocknx . " the hill of dead men's ids," in which excavations made by Mr. Hamilton revealed a chain- .raining a vast number of Icined bones. Respecting these a jted that a large body of giants, of Irish and Danish birth, overthrew an army of invaders who ded at this spot in the 5th cent. _ I m. rt. is Morney House (late P pper . 27 m. Layton Stat., from whence on 1. a tumulus is visible on the bank of the Nanny, a considerable naduct 300 ft. _. < Mi the 8. bank is BaHygarth, the Pepp have inhabited it from the time 1 s II. Further up the river village of Julianstown and . the residence of R ss. m. rt. is Betaghetovm, commonly called J town, which is rising inl a a bathing-place * ith inhabit I I li< da, from ral tin iden Tower is a am< -1 El / . ■ tii. J: [Ireldmd.j in the district of Mornington, which gave a title to the Wellesley family! Close by is a solid mass oi masonry, known as the Finger. "They \\. re evidently landmarks erected ' lighthouses were employed in this country." 32 m. Drogheda, pronounced Droy- da [Hotel: Simcox's Imperial), an ancient city Orbs Pontana of the Romans with a strong fish-like smell, and altogether so dirty and un- comfortable, and with such miser- able accommodation, that the tourist will not feel inclined to linger in the town any more than is necessary for him to view the many objects of in- terest in the neighbourhood. (Pop. 14.7 In . It is finely situated on the Boyne, the bulk of the town being on the X. bank of the river, which rims in a deep valley, affording the travel- ler fine views from any of the sur- rounding high grounds. Indeed, that from the station is perhaps as good as any other, and presents Drogh< da under the most favourable circum- stances, viz. those of distance. But this favourable impression is soon dispelled on entering the narrow and crowded str< specially if it happen to be market or fair day. Apart from antiquities, the rnoM striking part of the town is the harbour, which at the lower endiscr< »- ■« 1 1 »y an extremely graceful railway viaduct, which in size and proportions ranks 2nd to none in the kingdom. ( Mi the S. side, and extending over the largest half of tin- river, it consists of 12 arches of <;<• fi. span, between which and 3 similar arches on the X. si le, the communication is maintained by a lattice bridge of :; beams, each • ft. in length, and !") ft. above the bvol of high water, sufficient to allow v< BSClfl Of any size underneath. The Harbour, which - formed '• by the outfall of the Boyne, rated by the ebb from a consider-* able tide basin below the town," hi 3 diffS renl times much im- [ r >ved, gn atly to th u tit of ti 2G Route 2. — Drogheda. Ireland. trade, which has increased so rapidly as to place Drogheda high amongst Irish ports. "About 80 years since the shipping interest from this town 7e employment to but a solitary vessel, the 'Mary Anne/ whose ladings, insurances, departures, and returns, were at the time a source of reiterated excitement to the mer- chants." — JX Alton. At the present time Drogheda possesses more than 50 vessels with a tonnage of 4376, and employs 9 steam-vessels trading to Liverpool and other ports. Great numbers of cattle are shipped, besides butter, oats, &c., in enormous quan- tities ; in addition to which, an exten- sive trade is carried on in linen, cot- ton, salt, distilling, and tanning, not forgetting the Drogheda ale, about the pleasantest thing in the town. At one time the manufacture of table-linen w r as so large, that 10,000Z. was the average expenditure on market-days. The Walls of Drogheda, some portions of which still remain, were about 1J m. in circumference, and were entered by 10 gates, 5 on the N. or Meath side of the town, and 5 on the S. or Lowth side ; of these the only ones remaining are a portion of the West or Butter Gate, an octangu- lar tower, defended by long narrow loopholes, and entered by a circular arched passage strengthened by a portcullis, and St. Lawrence's Gate, one of the most perfect specimens in the kingdom. It consists of 2 lofty circular towers of 4 stories, between which is a retiring wall pierced like the towers with loopholes. " It is ibable that the latter was anciently, upon the town side, divided into stages by platforms of timber ex- tending from tower to tower, other- wise the loopholes could not have been used by the defenders of the gate." — Wakeman. The ruins of the Abbey of St. Mary D' Ur80, situated between West Gate and the Boyne, are small, and consist of a central tower with a fine pointed arch, spanning a dirty thoroughfare called the Abbey Lane. It was once an important and extensive building of 150 ft. in length, and is believed to have been founded by St. Patrick, and to have been the temporary re- sidence of St. Columb in the 6th cent., subsequently to which it was occupied by Augustinian friars. The Dominican, or Abbey of Preaching Friars, is conspicuous in the N. portion of the town from its sole remaining feature, the Magdalene steeple, a lofty tower of 2 stories springing from a noble pointed arch. It is lighted by 2 pointed windows on each side, and contains 2 upper apartments. In the E. battlement is a breach made by Cromwell's cannon. This religious house, which was once cru- ciform, was founded in 1224 by an archbishop of Armagh, and was the place where Bichard II. in 1894 received the submission of O'Neill, Prince of Ulster, and his subordinate chieftains. Unfortunately for the archaeologist, these ruins stand in the midst of a most wretched collection of hovels. On the N. or Meath side, the only other building worth notice is the Thulsil, an important-looking build- ing surmounted by a cupola. Close to it the Boyne is spanned by an inconvenient Bridge, "on one side, of which may be still seen the wicker Corragh, with its horse-skin covering, the same in design and execution perhaps as floated there 1000 years ago : and on the other we find the latest invented and most improved screw steamer." — Wilde. On the S. side are the ch. of St. Mary, formerly devoted to the use of the Carmelites ; the poor-house, a really handsome building for the accommodation of 1000 inmates ; and a martello fort, commanding the whole of the town from a mount which was formerly the grave of the wife of Gobhan the smith, and which is recorded to have been robbed by the Danes of its I Route 2.—MettiforU Abbey. 27 intents in the Oth cent. Behind tin T-house is the mound from iwell, in his attack on the town, "made the breach assault- le, and, by the help of God, rmeil it.'" A handsome addition d made to Drogheda, in the fa fine hall, called the Whit- worth Hall, presented to the town by Mr. Whitworth, the member for the 1 or< ugh. Tlu" early name of Drogheda was Drochat-Atha — the Bridge of the •ril — afterwards Anglicised into igh. The principal events in y of its annals, which up the time of Cromwell are trace- !e with remarkable regularity, the holding of several parlia- >ne of which, known as the lynings Parliament, and held in 1493, provided for the dependence i Native assembly upon id. li was frequently th us of the armies that W( re senl inst the rebellious hi- nts of Ulster, and in 1041 ully against Sir im o Neill under sir Henry ne and Lord Moore; and • in 1649 Had, r Sir Cromwell, wh | . storm, by circun of • pi Borne nit odof the town, was Idier, or i i that . ' — i I i ■ - [I. rued I previous ribed in p. 141. rail i" Dublin, N in and Oldcast] Liverpool ; m ir to /' — Dublin, 33 m.; Bel- ■ Duleek, llifont Abl ' I Oldbridge, 7 : Hill f Dowth, 5; - cursions. — ■ 1. Oldbridge and the Boyne (Rte. 15). 2. Mellifont and Monasterboice. 3. Newgrange and Dowth Lite. 1 5 . ' 1. Duleek and Athcarne (Rte. 16). [The tourist will of course visil the abbey of Mellifont, the firsl Cistercian Abbey ever founded in Ireland. i\ owes its establishment to Donough O'Carroll, Prince of Oirgiallach, in 1142, who was influenced by the request of St. Malachy the Arch- bishop of Armagh. At the time of its consecration in L157, a very im- portant synod was held here, at- tended by the primate, 17 bisho] and 4 or 5 kings. At the intro- duction of the English power into the Pale, the abbey 'which was an oftshoot of that of Clairvaux in Nor- mandy; was taken under the special protection of Henry II., who granted a charter, afterwards confirmed by John. Towards the end of the 16th cent, the last abbot retired, and Mellifont then became the residence of Sir Edward Moore, in whose time it underwent a siege during the Re- bellion. At the time of the dissolu- tion it contained 140 monks, besides lay brothers and servitors. Therm are pleasantly situated on the >b ep banks of the Mattock, which here divides the counties of Meath and Lowth. On a projection of rock near the river is the gateway, a massi square tower, carried up on one side to a considerable height. Admittance was gained by a circular arch, through which now runs a mill-stream. The baptistery is a singular octagon build- ing, of which only 5 sides remain. E ch face is entered by a semi- circular door with -nod pillars and mouldings ; and above the crown of the archi bernally runs a string course. Although the roof is goi irbels in the interior show th points from which the arches sprang rapport it. "The effecl of the colour from the red I introduced o 2 2S Route 2. — Monasterboice. Ireland. into the architraves is very pleasing, and they constitute a feature in Irish architecture pronounced by Dr.Petrie io be almost unique." — D' Alton. On the top, according to Archdall, was a reservoir for water, which was con- veyed by pipes to the different cilices. Close by, and apparently of later date, is St. Bernard's Chapel, consisting of a crypt and an upper chamber, the basement floor being considerably lower than the surface ground outside. The crypt has a beautifully groined roof, and arches springing from clustered co- lumns, having capitals elaborately carved in foliage. The centre columns are carried down to the ground, but the others stop short at a basement running round at a little height from the floor. It is lighted by an eastern and 2 side windows, of Decorated style, with good mullions, though but little of the tracery, which resembles Flamboyant, re- mains. This chapel was formerly entered by a pointed doorway, that, to judge from plates given by Wright in ' Louthiana,' and the ' Irish Penny Journal,' 1832, was most elaborate in its ornamentation. Near the baptistery are remains of dungeons in which Dervorgoil, " whose abduction by Dermod Mac Morrough, king of Leinster, led to the introduction into Ireland of the English under Strongbow." is said to have closed her career. About 2 m. to the N.E. of Melli- font, and G from Drogheda, are the venerable ruins of Monasterboice, con- sisting of 2 churches, a round tower, and 3 of the finest crosses in Ireland. The churches are of different dates : the oldest, which is probably an- t- rior to the tower, measures 45 ft. in length, and formerly consisted of aisle and choir, separated by a round arch, which at present termi- nates the building, as the choir lias disappeared. The doorway is in the centre of the vast gable, and has a rude horizontal head. The 2nd ch., adjoining the tower, is considerably smaller, and is of the date of the 13th cent. The Round Tower, the great feature of Monasterboice, is considered bv Dr. Petrie to be about the date of the 9th cent. It is 17 yards in cir- cumference at the base, gradually diminishing to the summit, which is 90 ft. in height, and is broken off, presenting at a distance somewhat of the aspect of a huge steel pen. The most noticeable point about it is the door, standing 6 ft. from the ground, the head formed of 2 stones laid horizontally one above the other. " A band extends round the head and down the sides of the doorway, but terminates on a level with the sill, or rather turns off at a right angle, passing horizontally for a distance of 8 inches, from which point it ascends, and running upwards round the doorway head gives the appearance of a double band." — Waheman. Above the doorway is a small pointed window, but all the others are square-headed. Of the 3 Crosses, 2 are considered to be the finest specimens of the kind in Ire- land. The largest one is 27 ft. high, and is composed of 3 stones, viz., the shaft, the cross (the arms of which are bound together by a ring), and the top piece. The shaft is divided into 7 compartments, all of which were filled with elaborate sculpture, more or less weathered and worn. In the 2nd from the bottom are 5 figures, of which one is presenting a book, while a bird rests on his head. In the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th are the Apostles. The body of the cross is filled with a representation of the Crucifixion. The circle by which the arms of the cross are connected are enriched with elaborate ornament, conspicuous for its cable moulding. The 2nd cross is even more dis- tinct, but is not nearly so large, being only 15 ft. high. There are 3 main compartments in the western face of the shaft, each of which i? 2. — Termonfeciin, filled with ') figures habited in th slesiastical or military dr< iod, viz. the 9th or loth "The history which 11.* - olptures are intended to com- memorate evidently commences in si entablature, where an a -tic in a long cloak fastened with a brooch stands between '2 either soldiers or robbers, armed with long Danish swords. In the compartment over this, the same arc represented a- stu- d< ats, each with a book, bul the - have assumed t lie eccle- arb, although they retain th.- moustache. In tin- top division - an- again repeated, all in long flowing dresses; the central one — then perhaps aged or at the point death — is represented giving his >ne and his book to the other his former assailants." — Catalogue I thA id. The centre piece on the d face represents our Saviour B ting in judgment, while below it Adoration of the Wise Men, aptation, and Expulsion in and lowest division, besides 1 or •_' compartments that are ob- From an inscription on the shaft, which v\- Muiredach, by whom ss," wo learn t e builder. From the Irish 2 ai ui- died in 84 I. and the :h.- latter of whom known • Wealth re more ited such a work w. 11 ibed the i <•;' breaking th.- 3rd i . ■ imperf( ct, the • only remaining d. Besides tl -•• cro in- . '• A prayer for Ru- •I i c uded nol only piety and muni - whom - ce and prejudice have too often sia en d at as barbarous, hut also ;i> the finesl works of sculptured ait <.;' their period now existing."- Wake- mint. This religious establishment was founded about the end of the 5th cent, by St. Buithe, the Bon of Bronnagh, from whom it derived its nana'. Buithe, the founder, was buried himself here in 521, and sub- gently to this period the abbey was visited by St. Columb. With the exception of the destruction of the belfry by fire in L097, the annals of this house an- not marked by any events of importance.] The Dublin and Belfast Junction lino now conveys the traveller northward. This line, opened in 1 852, completes the railway chain from Duhlin to Belfast, by uniting with the Ulster Rly. at Portadown, 56 m. distant. After crossing the Boyne Viaduct, a smaller one is entered upon at Xewl'oundwell Bridge, built in a style to harmoni with the walls of Drogheda. On rt. 1J m. is Beaulieu House f R. Montgomery, Esq.), pleasantly situ- ated just at the mouth of the Boyne. The family of Montgomery have Inherited this estate from Hi- ll' nry Tichbome, Governor of Drog- heda in 1641. From hence to Dundalk the line pass< - through a prettily cultivated country, though not so rich in archaeological remain- a- the dis- trict to the W. of Drogheda. The tourisl frequi ntly obtains charming views of the Mourne Mountains and the hilly country between Dun- dalk and Xcwiy. :;.">! m. rt. 2 m. is the village of ckin, in former times the residence of the Abps. <>t* Armagh, the last of whom was Abp. Ussher, who di< d in 1612. it was also t! )< sidence of B. 0. Arbp. Plunket, who was executed for treason. There are rei it • le. 1 •• aan Termon m< ans tuary," -the sanctuary of B . 30 Route 3. — Dundalk to Belfast. Ireland, Fechan — it being the habit for a certain- portion of land, answering to our globe, and called " Termon land," to t apart for the use of the Clergy attached to the foundation. ;;: I m. rt, is Black Hall (G. Pent- land, Esq.), and some 2 m. to the E. the village and headland of Ologher, a very prominent object iu all the coast views. 4 ruins r This V> have been \ 1 by Mr. 1 de- chapel, large and beautiful, and the window, according to Ware, v particularly admired." Alter the dis- solution it was granted by Henry YIU. to James Brandon at a rent 6d. per annum. "On the plains of Ballynahatna are the remains of a Uruidical tem- ple, partly enclosed by a curious rampart, <>n the outside of which a circle of upright stones." — L< in'.<. ( "i< at of a cele- brated ecclesiastica] establishment founded by St. Patrick, where 100 bishops and 300 presbyters re- ceived their education. The ruins of the abbey, which occupy the site of tin 4 original monastery, are rather extensive, and contain some good traceried windows. In the modern eh. on the hill above is a monument to the late rector. Dr. Little, with 1 punning epitaph "Multumin parvo." There are several interesting traces of ancienl earthworks in this parish, particularly in the glebe-land at stlering near the villag ■. wh< the foundations of an h< lal mural may he examined.] Ln Dundalk Stat., i\n' line 1 on 1. Lisnawully House P. I'.\ rae, Esq. . and further on 2 m. tUetown House, tin; seal of .1. I rood, Esq. Adjoining the man- sion is the "id quadrangular castle, with Blender Bquare tow* ra at the angles. • . i- the hill of Faughart, u ancienl fort, consisting of an artificial mound, 60 ft. in height, surrounded encb with ;i count rp. The whole area of the summit is cir- cumscribed by the foundations of • <>(•; 1 building, but whether it wa or aot i.^ diilicult Boute 3. — Dundalk to Belfast. Ireland. determine. Mr. Wrighl conjectures that it may have been a funeral monu- ment, and in later times a beacon or fort to defend the frontier of the Pale." — Waheman, Here it was that Edward Bruce lost his crown and his life in an encounter with a picked body of troops under De Bermirig- ham and Verdon.in 1316. 2 m. to the E. of Faughart is a cromlech remarkable for the size of the rock supported, and the smallness of the points of support of the 3 stones on which it rests. Close to it is the giant's grave, an arrange- ment of stones, with a large one over- lapping them at one end. On the rt. of the rly. are several seats — Bellurgan (Capt. Tipping), on the southern face of Trumpet Hill, Ballymascanlon House (F.J. Foster, Esq.), Mount Pleasant (Sir John M'Xeill), Carrick Bridge House, and Claret Rock. 4 m. To rt. of Mount Pleasant Stat, the beautiful Bavensdale opens out, emerging from the southern slopes of the Mourne mountains. The river Flurry runs through it to Ravens- dale Park, the residence of Lord Cler- mont. It is magnificently situated at the foot of Clermont Cairn, which rises bluffly to the height of 1674 ft. In the lower portion of the glen is Annaverna (late Mrs. M'Clelland). The scenery has been gradually changing, from the undulating and pastoral country near Dundalk and Castle Bellingham, to higher and less cultivated grounds. We are now at the southern base of a very remark- able group of mountains which shut off Ulster from the county of Louth, and which contain in their ranges scenery of a very high order. The Mourne mountains extend from Blieve Gullion, the highest westerly point, to Blieve Donard overlooking Dundrum bay, near Downpatriek, and occupy northwards a very con- siderable portion of Co. Dow r n, the outlying groups indeed reaching to within sight of Belfast. The tourist who can afford the time to explore these hills at length, making his head -quarters at Newry or Rostrevor, will not regret his stay. 0* m. 1. at Moyry Castle, a single quadrangular tower, the line crosses the Carrickbroad river, and enters the co. of Armagh. This is the locale of the famous Moyry Pass, where in 1595 a severe action took place between the Elizabethan troops under Sir Wm. Russell and those of O'Neill, who for 5 or 6 years subsequently held this defile against every attempt on the part of the English to dislodge him. He w 7 as, however, compelled to retire in 1600 before Lord Mountjoy, who in his turn was a few days afterwards inter- cepted by O'Neill in Ravensdale, when the Lord Deputy was severely wounded, and the English compelled to retreat to Dundalk, leaving the northern districts in the hands of the Irish. Passing 1. under the base of the Forkhill mountains, the line leaves on rt. 7 m. the village of Jones- borough, burnt by the rebels in 1798 : near it is the singular pillar stone of Kilnasaggart, on the face of which is an inscription and a wheel-cross below it. We now enter a wild hilly 7 ' region, little inhabited, and still less cultivated. On 1. the granitic head of Slieve Gullion rises abruptly to the height of 1893 ft., being the most westerly point of the Mourne range. At the summit is a cairn, contain- ing a chamber underneath, supposed to have been the burial-place of Cualgne, son of Breogan, an early chieftain, who fell in battle on the plain beneath. * The locale of this mountain has been the subject of a poem, believed to have been written by Ossian, in which he makes Fingal his principal hero. The mountains in this parish (Killeary) were for- merly infested by bands of robbers, of whom the famous Redmond O'Hanlon was the chief, At the base LND. Boute 3. — Newry t 33 I rullioo ia Killeary Cast] the Elizabethan residence of J. .:. Esq. i. rt near the village of Mi igh the line has reached its highest ele- i. and enters a deep cutting ough the Wellington Hill, emerg- at the base of the Newry moun- A m gnificent view now s out to the traveller, who would willingly delay his rapid progress a few minutes to feast upon it. i I his rt. the whole of the vale and town of Newry lie at his feet, t->_ with Carlingford Bay and the viT - of Warrenpoint and Ros- . the whole backed up by the a of Mourne, and forming i panorama not to be sur- l. 15 in. Newry Stat A- the town is little distance off, it will be oient to the traveller to - tar as 18 in. Goragh from whence a short lb - tiic Newry and Rly. . runs directly into the • wii. In its passage be- tween th< 2 81 >na the main line i- the ravine of Craig- •My line viaduct . in length and 11<» high, 5 _h Wood it is lient tn.V' wry II Victori : \> wry ily vn, mi 5 I i ft WT — ■irrli 1' Lriilarly beautiful posi- oximityt [ue \ i acted both the 1 imunil dvan- inhabitants have i * « • t to abut l the the d «•;' Oarlingford i places in tlio kingdom where the lover of scenery can spend his time with such economy. II is situated iii a broad vale, expanding towards the X.W.. contracting on the B.E., and bounded by high hills on each side — on the W. by theNewrymoun- tains (1385 ft.), and Slicve Gullion, and on the E. by the wooded shoulders of the more lofty Moume range, which arc seen overtopping them. Through the centre of the vale runs the river < Slanrye, eclipsed to a considerable extent by the more important Newry Canal, which here empties itself into the sea, though the port of Newry may be pro- perly said to be at Warrenpoint, o' m. distant, and connected by a rly. (Etc. 4). The place itself is clean and well laid out, is re- markably free from the disagreeable suburbs of Irish towns, and has a pleasant air of bustle and business about it. Four stone bridges cross the tidal river which separates the Cos. Down and Armagh, and 4 others span the canal ; of these the Ballybot Bridge is a handsome granite arch of 90 ft. span. The churches are all modern or modernized buildings, although St. Patrick's i> said t«» have been the first professedly Protestant eh. ever er< end in Ireland, and still DOS - :i part of the tower, with the arms of the founder, sir Nicholas li. 1578. Tic i:. C. cathedral in Hill-Mo et has a good Perp. ex- terior. There are BCarce any trar- 9 whatever of the abbey of Newry, founded in 1157 for Cistercian monks by Maurice Bi'Loughlin, king of Ire- land. The charter of this founda- tion i> -till in existence, and was enlarged by Eugh De Lacy in J li : ; 7 . Within it.- precincts 2 yew-treea were planted by St. Patrick, \'r<^<\ whence the town derived the name of Na yur or tl.e yrw-tn 1 s, afterwards corrupt d into Newri 9. R< 8] 1 ct img this He we find tin- f"ll<>\\ ing extract from the Innalsofthe Four M M 1262. The monastery of the monks of 1 :; 34 Route 3. — Dundallc to Belfast. Ireland. Newry was burnt, and also the yew- tive which St. Patrick himself had planted." The Bagnalls (the same who built St. Patrick's eh.) possessed a castle formed out of a portion of the buildings of this abbey and built on its site, which was granted them by a patent of James I. This family long possessed the surrounding ma- nors of Newry, Mourne, and Carling- ford, which afterwards descended to the Anglesea and Kilmorey titles. At the northern entrance is a granite obelisk erected in memory of a Mr. Trevor Corry. The town carries on a busy export and import trade, pos- sessing good quays and warehouses. The port might be made the safest in Ireland at a very moderate cost. " The lough is navigable for 6 m. by vessels of the greatest burden at all times, and the port admits vessels of 1000 tons to Warrenpoint, where the larger vessels remain, but those drawing 15 ft. water can go up by the Ship Canal to the Albert Basin, a distance of 5 m. from the sea. Barges ply by the Newry Canal Navigation to Lough Neagh 32 m. inland. The income of the port amounts to 6000Z. per annum, arising from canal dues on tonnage, Is. per ton inwards, and Id. outwards." — Thorn's Directory. The port contained in 1859 110 vessels of G?>00 tonnage. (Pop. 12,188.) The antiquary should visit the rath at Crown Bridge. It is sur- rounded by a ditch GOO ft. in cir- cumference, and has on the W. side a singular platform also surrounded by a fosse, the use of which is not very apparent. Conveyances. — Steamer to Liver- pool and Glasgow. Rail to Dundalk, Belfast, Armagh, and Warrenpoint. Car to Downpatrick, to which a rlwy. is in progress; car to Kilkeel. Distances. — Dundalk, 15 m. ; Porta- down, 18J ; Banbridge, 17 ; Hilltown, 9 ; Warrenpoint, ; Bostrevor, 8J ; Carlingford, 12 ; Omeath, 7 J ; Green- ore, 15J ; Kilkeel, 18 ; Newcastle, 30 ; Narrow water, 4 ; Dmidrum, 29 ; Downpatrick, by coast road, 61 ; Cas- tlewellan, 18. Excursions. — 1. Warrenpoint and Eostrevor (Rte. 4). 2. Hilltown. [FromNewry the pedestrian should w T alk to Warrenpoint, and thence make his way round the coast to Downpatrick and even to Donagha- clee, by which route he will con- stantly have opportunities of explor- ing the magnificent mountain scenery of the Mourne Mts. (Rte. 4).] Proceeding from Goragh Wood is 19 m. 1. Mount Norris,db small village marking the position of a fort built in the reign of Elizabeth to guard one of the many passes near Newry. It gives the title of baron to the Annesley family. 20 m. on rt., near the canal, is . the tumulus of Cairn Bane, " which has a deep sloping bank outside the central mound, enclosed with upright stones, and which is about 200 yards in circumference, cover- ing above a rood of ground. Within the glacis or slope, the base of the Temple gradually rises towards the mound, which is 160 yards in circumference, and is completely girt with long and ponderous stones set upon it and joined together. On the N.W. is the entrance, and on the opposite side is the altar, the slab of which is very ponderous, resting upon 3 upright stones, each. 10 ft. long." — Coote's Armagh. A little further N. is Drumba- nagher, the residence of Col. Maxwell Close, built in Italian style, and situ- ated in beautiful grounds. On rt. of the line is Drumantine House (A. C. Innes, Esq.). The Newry Canal keeps close fellowship with the rly. all the way from Newry to Portadown, near which place it enters the bed of the Bann, and thus flows into Lough Neagh. It was originally made with the in- tention of exporting large quantities of coal from the Dungannon district, Irk la Route 3. — Scarvd — Baribridqe. 1 rapplying Dublin, but unfor- tunately, the quality of the article nol being sufficiently Liked, the canal for importing coals to the districts which should have furnished them. It was commenced in 1 730, and opened in 1711. a1 a c» »>t !,000Z., thf average of the annual tolls being between 40007.and 5000& • in. Poyntz I 30 called from Si Toby Povntz, who defended the Hugh O'Neill's Irish s. There i> a neal little town here, with an hotel. The antiquary old stop for the purpose of ex- amining the ])'.< vast, a sort of dyke, similar to that of ( )ffa in Wah s. ill.'d by the natives Glean-na- muck-ddu, " the glen of the black and 'ribed by them shantment. From Lisnagade •j»t. Trevor . near Scarva, it ex- ded to the bay of Dundalk, ha h of i-2 to -m ft., but, these early earthworks, [culture and hu- nts have obliterated it in v many places. P 3sing Acton II .J. A ider, Es \. and 1 ' ill >n>e, the tourist ar- rives at William HL's rendezvous on arrivu L 1 1' re are j - f int. viz. the 1 desk < lastle, built by M k in the lie I aw. II : and i ira . a inn h< ap of . high, which marks I toric I • . a.d. : i :. I 3, prim ITogha, I battle, ■h the latter was kill d, lac The parish battle of hlon.lv f. .I'. 1 . - its l this . In the I Souse is the t he I >an< '- ( last is sup] iommi It is circular, i tripL intrenchments being about 70 ft. in breadth. [2J in. rt. is the small town of Loughbrtckland, in the street of which William 1 1 1, is said to have sat on horseback for many hours, while his army passed before him in single file.] Prom Scarva there is a junction line ol'Tm. through the village of Laurenc town to Banbridge Hold : Downshire Arms) (Pop.3800), a pleasant busy little place on the Bann, although of an entirely modern date. It is pe- culiar from the fact of the main street having been excavated in the centre, leaving a broad passage on each Bide for the purposes of 1 rathe. Linen is the staple trade of Ban- bridge, as it is of every northern town which the tourist will visit in this route. Distances. — Loughbrickland, ?, m. ; Dromore, 7 ; Lurgs m, 9 J. A new line has been recently opened between Banbridge, Dromore, and Lisburn. m. Tanderagee Stat., to the rt. of which is Gilford, another little linen town on the Bann, containii the extensive factory of Messrs. Dun- bar, Dickson, and Co. Gilford Castle, close to the town, was formerly a scat of Sir W. Johnston, but is now used n hospital. About the same distance on the 1. of the stat. is the well-to-do town of Tandi rag< e, to which very lar. quantities of flax arc weekly brought to market. The summil 01 the Itill crowned by the Castle, a pretty Elizabethan mansion of the Duke of heater, originally built by the ant de Balis on the site of the fortress of Redmond < ►'Hanlon, tl i most renowned outlaw of Irish history, • wh< were confiscated in 1 reign of James I. Prom hence the e, crossing the Cusher riv< , follows the valley of the Bann, passing on L Mullavilly Hon rt. Moyallen th idence of the Quaki nily of Wak< field | and Carriok li ( k>l. Blacker) to 3G Boute 8. — Dundallc to Belfast. Ireland. :;i m. Portadwm Stat:(Rte.l7),an important rly. centre, from whence radiate the Dublin and Belfast junc- tion, the Ulster, the Clones, and the Dungannon lines. Portadown, from its position on the Bann, and its contiguity to Lough Neagh, has a large trade in linen and agri- cultural products. For the next 25 m. the traveller will pursue his journey on the Ulster Rly., which was opened to Belfast in 1848. The same Company, however, own the line to Monaghan and Clones (Rte. 17), as well as that to Dungannon and Omagh (Rte. 7). The features of the country from Portadown to Belfast are not marked by any ro- mantic scenery, nor by objects of archaeological interest, but are rather characterized by richly cultivated fields, prosperous linen towns and villages, and a general air of well- being which, supposing it was uni- versal over the kingdom, would place Ireland in a very different position from that which she has hitherto borne. Crossing the Bann by a wooden viaduct of 5 arches, and leaving on 1. the ch. of Drumcree, the line traverses a rather flat low district lying between the hills and the shores of Lough Neagh, which is only a couple of miles distant. Oc- casional glimpses of the lough are obtained near Lurgan ; but as the visitor to Antrim will see it to much greater advantage, it will be described in Rte. 12. As this district i- watered wholly by the Upper Bann, the tourist should *be ac- quainted with the improvements mad*.- by the manufacturers to ensure themselves a constant and equable water-power, by constructing a reservoir at Lough Island Reavy, which embraces an area of 100 acres. The river rises in the northern face of Slieve Muck, in the Mourne range, and flows N.W. with a considerable fall past Hilltown to Banbridge and Gilford. Apart from its commercial value, it was long famous for its pearls, which, like those in the Conway river in N. Wales, are found in the shell of the muscle {Unto (ilratus), and which in the last century were so highly esteemed, especially those of rose colour, that they were sold for 20l. or 30?. 39 m. Lurgan, a populous flax town (7772), celebrated for its diapers, the numerous bleaching-greens in the vicinity betokening the prevailing occupation. There is little to see in it except the demesne of Lur- gan Castle, the modern residence of Lord Lurgan, a handsome Elizabethan house, built of Scotch sandstone, and placed in a finely-wooded park. [3 m. S.E. is Waringstown, a manufacturing village established by a merchant of the name of Waring in the time of Queen Anne. Hard by is an old manor-house, in which is preserved a tapestried chamber occupied by Duke Schomberg in his passage through the country.] Passing rt. Grace Hall (C. Douglas, Esq.), is 44J m. Moira, a prettily- placed town about 1 m. to the rt. of the stat. At tins point we cross the Lagan Navigation or Ulster Canal, running from Lough Neagh by Moira and Lisburn to Belfast, a distance of 28 m., with a summit level of 120 ft., and affording a cheap and convenient water carriage to the busy manu- facturing villages on its course. Seve- ral pleasant seats are congregated near Moira, viz., Moira Wood, belong- ing to the Earls of Moira, Broom- mount ( — Gordon, Esq.), Friar's Hill, Drumbane House, and Trumery House ; where once stood a very beautiful round tower 60 ft. in height, which, however, has unfor- tunately fallen. Adjoining it is the gable of the old ch., containing a high pointed arched window. Be- 1\veen Moira and Lisburn the line passes 1. the ch. of Magheragall, and rt. the Maze, a common on which the Hillsborough races are held. 52 m. Lisburn {Hotel: Hertford Ireland. Route 3. — IAsburn — Dromore. 37 \:m-\ a populous (own of between and 8000 rnhab., all engaged in the staple trade, particularly in the manufacture o\ damasks. The tourist who is interested in H should visit the factory o( the Ooul- s, one of the Largest damask makers in Ireland. The creation of the place may be ascribed to the < uway family, to whom Charles I. granted a patent, and who erected va- le here. The ch., which is conspicuous from its handsome oc- tagonal spire, is the cathedral ch. of the diocese o( Dromore, ami contains a monument to the pious •1' remy Taylor, Bishop o\' Down and I >nnor in 1667 ; also to Lieut. Dobbs, who fell in an action againsl Paul .1 lies, the private or, as he v returning from a raid on the Scotch <•<>; In the ch.-yard are the es of several Huguenots wi. - tied lure and introduced the liner branches of the linen manufac- ture. Ldsburn and Lurgan suffered verely in the war of 1641, having both burnt to the ground. Ad- joining the town are the castle -. which are at all tiim s open eople by the liberality of the hit- Marquis of Hertford. In the centre of a triangular area i- ndsome market-place, surmounted apola. /• ^. — Hillsborough, 4 m. ; . [ h places m:»y !><• d by rail. The former is an 1 '. lish-looking little town on the side of .i hill. ining a well- . built by Sir Arthur 1 [ill in the n ign of ( Sharles L, and ill kepi ui> as a hereditary garrison lownshire, who enj Marshal of I" U t . r I lorof 1 1 • Royal Fortress of Usborough. William N [.tenanted it for a Qight during his march through this pari land, " while his army camped on the Moor of Blaria 2 . on the 1. of th I dsbum road, which tz ici bae r since fo en mpt from p tithe." it is a massive building defended by 4 quadrangular bastions, and enter* 6y a good pointed arched gateway, above which are 3 pointed windows. This fort now usv^ as an armoury for the yeomanry) is placed in the centre of a fine park, the modern 'demesne of the Marquis of Downshire, who owns Hillsborough as well as seve- ral other towns, all of which are characterised by an unusual as- pect of neatness and care. There is here a pretty Gothic ch. with spire '2oo fret in height. It con- tains Some Stained v;lass. a sweet- toned organ, and a monument by Nollekens to Archdeacon Leslie. Grossing a somewhat hilly district we arrive at Dromore, from very early ages the seat of an abbey for Canons Regular, which afterwards became the cathedral for the Pro- testant diocese of Down, Connor, and Dromore. It fell into ruins, however, and the present ch. was built on its site by Bishop Jeremy Taylor, who, together with Dr. Percy, author of * Reliques of Ancient Eng- lish Poetry," were the 2 most note- worthy prelates. Adjoining the town is the Palace, the grounds designed and planted by the Latter bishop after the model of Shenstone's Leasow< The scanty ruins of a castle and some earthworks are to be seen near the town, and in the grounds of Gill Hall, the residence of R, 0, Brush, Esq. To the N.K. is the rath of Druib Mm-. 200 f- et in diameter at the base, and surrounded by ;r rampart and parapet. li said that there was a covered way between it and the Lagan.] From Lisbura the rly. is accom- panied on 1. by a chain of hills extending to Belfast, where they assume a considerable height, and add \ i ry much to the beauty of that city. They are in fact a ran of chalk rocks capped by basaltic strata, which run southward Ear as Lurgan, being the most itherly poinl in which chalk stri 3S Route 4. — Newry to Belfast. Ireland, are observed in Ireland. In the neigh- bourhood of Lisburn thefheight is only 820 ft., but it soon increases 1o 1567 at Divis, and 1142 at Cave Hill overlooking Belfast. 54 m. 1. the village of Lambey, and Glenmore, the seat of J. Richard- son. Esq. Grossing the river Der- raghy, and passing the pretty factory village of Dunmurry, the tourist arrives at 00 m. the northern metropolis of B( Ifast (Hotels : Donegal Arms ; Imperial). (Rte. 5.) ROUTE 4. FROM NEWRY TO BELFAST, THROUGH ROSTREVOR AXD DOWNPATRICK. Newry 'Rte. 3 ) is connected with Warrenpoint by a short rly., which leaves the town from stats, at Dublin Bridge and Edward St., and runs parallel with the Newry river, hav- ing on 1. a pretty road garnished with woods. At 4tj m. Narrow Water the estuary is suddenly contracted by the projec- tion of a tongue of rock, occupied by the ruins of Narrow Water Castle (anc. Caisl-uisce), a singular square battlemented tower, which before the days of artillery was well situ- ated for defensive purposes. The present fortress was built by the Duke* of Ormonde in 1GG3 to re- place an older one that had been destroyed in the previous wars. It has seen many vicissitudes ; amongst others, serving as a kennel for hounds, and a salt-work. The botanist will find Sagina maritima near the ruins. The woods overhanging the road on the 1. are those of Narrow Water House (Roger Hall, Esq.), a charmingly situated residence, commanding grand views of the opposite mountains of Carling- ford. The house is a mixture of styles, but the grounds are well worth a visit. At the entrance of the Clanrye, or Newry River, into Carlingford Bay, is [G m. Warrenpoint, the terminus of the rly., and the port of Newry (Hotels : Victoria ; Crown). It is a pleasant little town, exhibiting at one end the characteristics of a sea- port, and, at the other, of a bathing- place, though from the latter por- tion, which is washed by the waters of the Lough, there is such a view as falls to the lot of few watering- places in Great Britain. On the rt. are the large ranges of the Carlingford Mountains, amongst which the chief are Clermont Cairn 1674 ft., and Car- lingford 1935 ft. At their foot nestles the village of Omeath nearly opposite Warrenpoint, and further down is Carlingford itself; while on the horizon are the lighthouses of Greenore Point and the Block House. On the 1. the Mourne Moun- tains rise still higher and more abruptly. In a corner, under Slieve Ban, is Rostrevor, embowered in woods, the road to it skirting the coast amidst a succession of pretty residences. Below Rostrevor the Lough expands, but contracts again at Greencastle, from which point the open sea may be said to commence. Warrenpoint is largely patronized by the inhabitants of Newry and the N.E. counties generally ; and perhaps there is scarce any place which offers so many seaside advan- tages with so little of the expense or extortion peculiar to such towns. Distances.— Newry, 6 m. ; Carling- ford, G ; Kilkeel, 12 ; Rostrevor, 2. Excursions. — 1. Rostrevor and Slieve Ban. 2. Carlingford and Omeatli. Conveyances. — Rail to Newry. Before quitting Warrenpoint the tourist should take a boat and cross over to Omeath (Hotel: O'Hagan's), Ireland. Route 1. — Carlingford. 39 a pictai little spot at the foot the Mountains, and thence proceed to Carlingford. The road runs cl< lmt little room being Kit for it by the liills which rise BO abruptly. Boon the Two-mile River rusl - down from the Omeath Mountain; and a little further on. 1 1 Men River, after a rapid from the rugged heights of Slieve Foy, talis into th G m, Carlingford {Inn : Ilum- phi - - nee a town of such im- rtance that it is said to have p - - 1 no less than 32 buildings in the of castles and abbeys, and of oh antiquity that it claims the honour of I 'he landing place of Si Patrick in the 5th cent. The probable explanation of the former aent is that in the warlike days of the Pale every house in Carling- ford was built in the castellated form for of defence and pro- •tion. King John ordered a castle to . which was accordingly done by De Courcey in 1210: The wn quickly grew up around it, and I no inconsiderable part in the Ions history of the times. As nk it took, Carling- from Edward II.. 1 If' nry \\l., Eliza- L, and James II. It 1 in a little ids views of t! une Moun- . • :i of -horn of a portion of sunlight. The ■ — 1. Of Kin- I m- bling, m 3 of the 13th itiou of which is i »us thing about it. It lilt upon a r the . with the :. Here was I ripal enti . defended by form, th»- west or land ig pi 1 by th'' mounl pass. In the in: in addition to the apartments, is a courtyard, round which ran a gallery, w recess* - at the Loopholes for the protection of the archers. The walls were of the thickness in BOme pla< i of 11 ft. 2. Between the castle and the abbey is a square bower, the windo 1 o\ which are curiously carved with rpents, grotesque heads, and other devices. 3. The Abbey, founded by Richard De Burgh, Earl of Ulster, in t 14th cent., for the Dominican order, mimics in an unusual degree the military with the ecclesiastical cha- racter. It consists of a nave and chanc at the junction of which rb tower on pointed arches. At the W. end are two other towers or turn connected by a battlement, and at the E. end is a pointed window, all the tracery and mullions having dis- appeared long ago. In 1649 Lord Inchiquin, one of Cromwell's generals, occupied Car- lingford, and, with the usual irre- verence of those days, turned the abbey into a stable. There is one more square tower, which probably belonged to the fortified bouses of the Pale. On t ; tf is the King - Seat, " so call' the Lord Thomas of Lan- m of 1 bury IV., wh<> landed in 1 I - 3 Poid Lieutenant of Ire- Land, used <>\'\<-n to sit upon a stone .t between the bai - to enjoy the prosp ough Carlingford is well ^;tu- d fur the purposes of trade) it has non in an article dear to gourmands— oysters. To every inhabitant of Dublin the name of < urlingford < : - - icri d, and servedly so, as they are uu- questionably the 6 and m< luscious kind t > h obtaine 1. * k The ster fishery is la immencing before the 1st Monday in Novemh I : ; 1 1 i_r eii the I -i Saturday in M irch. The b id from Gre - 40 Route 4t.— Newry to Belfast. Ireland. ore Point up to Narrow Water, and during the season S or 10 sail- boats, and nearly 100 row-boats, with 5 men in each, are engaged in dredging." Such is the reputation that "rale Oarlingfords *' have ob- tained, that i)-10tlis of the supplies sold in the towns are Oarlingfords only in name. Should the traveller be in the N.E. of Ireland during the oyster season, he should pay a visit to Warrenpoint for the purpose of identifying and tasting the true kind. The pedestrian should not leave this beautiful neighbourhood without ascending Carlingford Mountain, the highest point of the lofty range that fills up this promontory of Louth. It commences at Fathom Hill, oppo- site Newry, and from that point abruptly rises to 1000 ft., attaining the maximum at Carlingford, 1935 ft., to the E. of which a deep glen runs up from the sea, dividing the range like a fork. The view, as may be easily imagined, is superb. Northward are the Mourne Mountains, Slieve Ban, and Slieve Donard, with their at- tendant groups. Eastward are the Slieve Gullion Hills and the undu- lating country between Dundalk, Castleblayney and Armagh. South- ward is the bay of Dundalk with its headlands, from Cooley Point imme- diately underneath to Dunany Point anl Clogher Head. The geological structure of the Carlingford mountains is trap, in various states of crystal- lization, from amorphous basalt to porphyrated and crystalline green- ae. 3 m. beyond Carlingford is Green- ore Point, where it is in contem- plation to erect a large dock for the accommodation of Newry shipping, the connection to be maintained by a rly.] The drive from Warrenpoint to Bostrevor is hardly to be equalled for beauty, either of mountain or e<»ast scenery. The road is lined witli pretty seats, the most con- spicuous being Moygannon (Major Hall), Bladenburgh, otherwise called Topsy-turvy (D. Ross, Esq.), Rosetta (S. Beid, Esq.), Carpenham (Mrs. Ford), Green Park (Hon. Mrs.Maude), and Drumsisk (H. Bowan, Esq.), near which last is a lofty granite obelisk to the memory of Gen. Ross, who, according to the insertion, was pre- sent at the affairs of Alexandria, Maida, Vittoria, Corunna, and the Pyrenees. 8 m. Bostrevor {Hotel : Sangster s), the sweetest little watering-place to be found in the 3 kingdoms : quiet, sheltered by mighty moun- tains and shady woods, it will equally suit the delicate invalid requiring sea air, the artist seeking materials for his taste, and the general visitor. The little town is placed between the embouchure of 2 rivers, and is flanked on one side by the Lodge, the residence of Col. Roxburgh. From the Wood house (the beautiful villa of S.Ramadge, Esq.), rather more than a mile from the town, the ascent is usually commenced of the Rostrevor Mountain, or Slieve Ban, which rises very steeply to the height of 1595 ft. About 2-3rds of the way up, on the top of a secondary hill, separated by a valley from Slieve Ban, is Clough- more ("Cloech Mor," great stone, or Cloech Meor, finger stone), a singular boulder mass of granite, of about 30 tons. There is a legend atached to it that the giant Finn M'Comhal was challenged by Benandonner, a Scotch giant, which challenge being ac- cepted, the pair confronted each other, the one on Carlingford, the other on Slieve Ban. Finn, by way of a jn'eparatory training, flung Clough- more at his antagonist across the Lough, who decamped in a fright. The walks in the neighbourhood of Rostrevor are numerous and varied, the Mourne Hills alone furnishing as much collar-work as is needed by any pedestrian. Excursions. — 1. Warrenpoint. Bouie 1. — Hilltoum — Kilkeel — X stle. 41 2. ( e and Slieve Ran. Kilbron< y and Hilltown. Kilkeel and Greencastle. [A picturesque road runs through tp in the hills to 7 in. Hilttown, passing Kilbroney oiin the rt. Ballyedmond \. B1 if. Esq.), and crossing I y Water, the tourist shea I ."> m. Mourne Park, the lul i st of the Earl of Kil- the woods and grounds of the base of Knockchree Hill r), 101$ fiL, crowned on the summit wil b an ol >5ervatory. Here Wl ite Wi b r is en ss< d, and a • the sands into which i 1 - itself, n< ar Green- The ; 38, which is of those ■ .v. i's i I by barons t«> pr< fcect prior t«» the ;-i 1 1:* \« • proved entrant < rd Lough, though now I I-.- ov( rl< >k< 1 from any the neighbouring h< ;■ flanks it Ti i~ l vel with the n ck on which tic built, and is supp rted . A din cl road of \\ m. rui; Kilk d Kilmon y An iving townlet of [nhab. Though placed lino strand, affording every omodation for bathn od not far from the I' •! of fcliC Mourne Mountains, Kilkeel has no1 as yet assumed the position of a watering-place. Perhaps, however, in the estimation o\ % many thismay he an additional attraction. Near the town is the Ahhcv. the residence of T. Gibson Henry, Esq. ( km w yana s.— Car to Newry ; t> > Newcastle. Distances. — Rostrevor, 10 in. ; Newry, IS: Newcastle, 12; Dun- drum, 17: Greencastle, d.!- ; Mourne Park, 3; Hilltown. 13. From Kilkeel the lend, crossing the Kilkeel River, speedily ap- proaches to the coast, occupying t v< ry limited strip of level ground 1 • - tween the mountains and the Bea. At Annalong, near which is Glass Drummond, the Beat of Mrs. Senior, another of these mountain streams is erossed, and again a 3rd at Bloody Bridge, above which JS] ence's Moun- tain and Crossone 1777 ft. ri abruptly to the 1. "The road rises perpendicularly more than 100 ft. above the sea, from which it is se- parated by rocky precipices and shelving cliffs, indented with yawn- ing caverns, so terrifically lashed by the tremendous wave- ;i> to impart to the coast ;i character of extraordinary sublimity." As we wind along tl e (•lifts, the beautiful woods of Donard Lodge come in sight, and al the very foot 9 ' \< Donard itself the little town of i m. Newcastle (Hotel: Annesley Arms, good ; where the tourist, espe- cially it';i pedestrian, should by nil ans halt tor a Bhort time, that I may ascend the mighty Donard. Betwe< ii Bloody Bridge and New- castle are several spots marked by ae natural curiosities, and <• quently invested with b l< gend ; such I tonard's ( lave, Maggj - I i ip, and Armor's Bole, which latter attained its notoriety from a foul murder commits d by one Edward Armer on his fal h< r. tie iiin.-t .-oon pp - . 42 Boute 4. — Newry to Belfast. Ireland. formidable rival to Rostrevor, as, in addition to the usual advantag for bathing, and more romantic scenery, it p s a rather cele- brated Spa; indeed, Dr. Knox calls it the Scarborough of Ireland. The Spa is situated about ^ m. from the town on the hill-side and adjoin- ing the beautiful grounds of Do- nard Lodge, through which, by the courtesy of the Earl of Annesley, the tourist is free to wander. There are various pleasant and picturesque >ts in the neighbourhood of the Spa, such as the Hermit's Glen, the Rookery, the Waterfall, &c. [It is a longer excursion to Bryansford (Hotel : Koden Arms, very od), a charming little village close to Toll j j more Park, the seat of the Earl of Roden. The visitor will not easily tire of the beauties which meet him at every turn during his wan- derings through the grounds. The river SLimna, — " a brooklet gushing From its rocky fountain near, Down into the valley rushing, So fresh and wondrous clear," — flows through the grounds in a series of cascades to fall into the sea at Newcastle, while the views of the ocean, the Isle of Man, and the overhanging mountains, are inex- pressibly fine. From Tollymore it is a little over 3 m. to Castleivellan, another neat and flourishing little town, almost surrounded by plea- :it demesnes. Of these the most important is Castlewellan House, also a seat of the Earl of Annesley, in the grounds of which is a con- lerable lake. Near the town are the extensive flax-spinning mills of the Messrs. Muirhead, the first place in Ireland where machinery was used for this purpose. Distances. — Dundrum, 5 m. ; Hill- town, 9J ; Newcastle, 4.1 ; Newry, 19.] Shove Donard, 279G ft., is the highest point of the lofty Mourne range that stretches from Newry to 1 )undrum, at once the finest and most picturesque hills in the N. of Ireland, with the exception of the Donegal Mountains. The ascent may be made either from the Spa Well, or by following the course of the Glen River on the N. side. A precipitous escarpment that overhangs this stream is called the Eagle Rock. Magnificent indeed is the view which greets the pedestrian from the summit of Slieve Donard. To the "W. is a vast expanse of ocean, re- lieved only by the blue hills of the Isle of Man, in which Snafell is plainly visible ; while Newcastle, A.n- nalong, and Dundrum lie snugly at the feet. To the N. are the rich and varied plains of the dis- trict known in foimer times as Le- caie, embracing many a fruitful acre and many a prosperous town. To the W. and S.W. are minor satellites in the shape of the less lofty peaks of the Mournes ; the principal of which are Slieve Com- medagh, 2512 ft. ; Slieve Bearnagh, 2394 ; Slieve Meel, 2257 ; the Cock and the Hen Mountains in the most northerly group ; the Chimney Rock, 2152 ;— Slieve Bingian, 2449 ; Slieve Lamagan, 2306 ; Shanlieve, 2055 ; and the Eagle Mountain, 2084, more to the S. Over Rostre- vor are Slieve Ban and Knockchree ; while still further beyond Newry are the ranges' of Slieve Gullion. South- wards we have the Carlingford Hills, the Hill of Howth, and in clear wea- ther the faint ridges of the Wicklow Mountains. From its peculiar posi- tion and its huge height, Slieve Do- nard certainly offers one of the most extraordinary prospects in Great Britain. The botanist will find on these hills Polypodium dryopteris, Lyco- podium alpinum, Car ex spierostachya, Salix herbacea, Pinguicula Lusi- tanica, Melanopsis cambrica, &c. The geological composition of the Mourne Mountains is granite, yield- ing in some places good specimens of Ireland. I? I. — Dundrum — Ardgla and emerald. The -pal j at which they n 1 ia the bob fece of -' >gh or the Diamond k. \ r the Chimney Rock b ryls ' I d found in great numbers." — VoyU . A deep vale divides it from oaven, or the Creeping Moun- tain, which Btanda to the S.W., and j to the view a huge rock distance an old forti- ry high, and detached, as from the eastern Bide of the mo- i." 1 s from Newcastle daily Ballynahinch ; daily to Down- patrick. /' ?. — Newry, 30 m. ; Rostre- r, 22 : 1 hmdrum, 5 : Annalong, 7 : Kilkeel, 12; Castlewellan, 4£. E ms. — 1. Armer'a Hole, Maggy's Leap, K ■- Blieve Donard. Tollymore and Briansford. 4. Dundrum and Ardglass. The next point in our route is 85 m. Dundrum, a small bathing * vill; I on the 1 1 indium Bay, in which the < " g am-ship after tl ce- r. To the ] 1 clifls on which hith- 1. adhills and which the vill: v plea* situation. h laritimum flourish ity. king ' 1 a fi w « rally i ! to hi .- in the i i cent, and held : it afi . d ful clan who had many p d. It v when in repair, of; to this and as often an offensii hbour to the English planted in Lk i ing to the bands thai p ed it.*' — Harris, lis principal featur circular keep and lower, with a barl can and other outworks, which were dismantled by Cromwell. Near the castle is a ruined man- q, of probably the 16th cent. Dundrum p s» — a a small pier built by the Marquess ol' Downshrre, and an equally small trade : indeed the navigation hereabouts is nol v< safe, owing to a bar a1 the entranc of the river, and an ugly reef of i known as Craigalea, and the Cow and Calf. [The traveller who wishes to pro- ceed at once to Downpatrick 8J m., can do bo by striking inland, paean Ardilia (Rev. W. Annesle; ad Mount Panther J. Allen. Esq.) : the latter place acquired its singular name from a certain legend resem- bling that of St. George and the Dragon. At the village of Clough there is only a single tower remaining of the castle, and in the neighbourhood Seaforde village and House (Rev. W. Porde).] Passing ?>7l m. rt. Tyrella Hoi (A. H. Montgomery, Esq. andch.,tl in approaches near the coast, which further on juts oui to the Promontory of Si. John, the western andary of Dundrum Bay. On I poini is b I I I Stat., and a Lighthouse showing an intermittent light - h. of St. John's contains singular font, in which there is no passage for the water to escape. 43 in. KiUough, a fishing villa] on the E. shore of the little ba^ Killough, which runs up little distance, n. < ing a c Biderable devour in the road. ( >n tl e opp I ey Island, i i in. farther . which in ' glory was tl e principal porl in all I thought of Buchgr u Route 4. — Neicry to Belfast. Ireland. importance as to require the protection of no loss than 5 castles. Although these palmy times are gone, Ardglass even yet enjoys a good deal of trade, from being the head-quarters of the northern herring fishery, in which something like 15000 fishermen are en- gaged It is also an attractive bath- Lng-place for the residents of Down- patiick. The name of Ardglass (anc. Ard- glaisi), "High Green," is derived from its position between two hills, the Ward of Ardglass on the W., and the Ward of Ardtole on the E., both useful landmarks to sailors. A large trading company obtained a grant from Henry IV. and settled here, and it is to them that with most probability mnst be ascribed the erection of the Neio Works, a very singular range of buildings overlook- ing the rocks of the bay. They are in length 250 ft., and are flanked by a square tower at each end, in ad- dition to one in the centre, the intervening walls being entered by 15 arched doorways, between each of which is a square window. There were thus 18 rooms on the ground floor, with the same number in an upper story, and were evidently used as a fortified warehouse for mer- chants. " In 1789 Lord Charles Fitzgerald, son of the Duke of Lein- ster, who was then proprietor, caused that portion of the building between the central and western towers to be enlarged in the rear, and raised to the height of 3 stories in the castel- lated style ; and from that time it has been en lied Ardglass Castle. It was formerly called Horn Castle, either from a great quantity of horns found on the spot, or from a high pillar which stood on its summit previously to being roofed.'' — Lewis. To the W. of this is the square tower of Ohoud or Cowd Castle. Overlooking the town on the N.W. is the ancient Bang's Castle, which has been in- corporated with the handsome modern resi< Lence of Major Beauclerk, the pro- prietor of the town. Lastly, in the centre is Jordan's Castle, the only one which has any historical celebrity among the whole number. During the insurrection of the Earl of Ty- rone, in the reign of Elizabeth, one Simon Jordan held this fortress suc- cessfully for 3 years, until he was relieved by the Lord Deputy Mount- joy. It is singular that, considering the former importance of Ardglass and the evident care bestowed on its defences, so little is known of its history or of the builders of these fortresses. Their age is probably that of the 15th cent. The only remain- ing curiosity in the neighbourhood is a cavern at the head of the creek of the Ardtole, about J m. from the town. Distances. — Dundrum, 9 m. ; Strangford, 9 ; Downpatrick, 7. The road continues parallel with and at a short distance from the coast, which is rocky and precipitous. At 47 m. is Guns Island, connected with the mainland by a causeway, and at Killard Point, a little further on, commence the narrow straits that connect Strangford Lough with the sea. 50 m. Kilelief, a lofty square for- tress of Anglo-Norm, character, and generally ascribed to De Courcey as the founder, although it subsequently came into the possession of the Bishops of Down, who occasionally used it as a residence. The bishops of those days were not as stainless in reputation as they are now, for we are informed that John Ross, who was made Bishop of Down in 1 387, was " marked with almost every vice." The first story is vaulted, and the second has a carved chim- ney-piece. At the narrowest part of the straits is 53 m. Strangford, a fishing town, exactly opposite Portaferry (lite. 5). Adjoining is Castleward, a beautiful estate of Viscount Bangor ; and over- looking the town on the IS", is the ruined keep of Audley Castle, one of Ireland. Route -!. — Doumpatriclc. Ao the 27 fort hat were founded by De C mi i% Du j. — Portaferry,}m.; Down- j itrick, 8; Ardglass, 9; Kilclief, 2 The tourisi now bids adieu to the wild it road which he 1 - lied for so many miles, and follows an inland route to 61 in. Doumpatrick [Hotel: Den- vir'fi . 1 840.) This ancient city is situated on the side of a hill, which, curving round like an amphitheatre, overlooks a plain through which the river Quoiie winds it.- reedy way towards Lough - rd. Approaching either by rail or road, the tourisi has a good view of the cathedral, riding at the extreme W. of the town. n be n<> doubl of it- great - we ] :' it eveu before S . Patrick's time ;is being the resi- d nee of tli.- i in t i\« • kings of Ulidia 1 the Dunum of Ptolemy. St. Patrick did not arrive till 4:52, and then founded an abbey, the site of ■ which v. nted to him by Diehu, - i of Trichem, lord of the soil, had converted to Chris- oity. The sanctity in which this abbey was held maybe inferred from th t St. F trick was buried wit], m. Bridgi t and • olumb. '2 of Ireland's most holy » circumstance commemorated distich of sir John «!<• C mrcey 1 1 85, "U th- f the n TMino tumnlo tunml.intur in uno ; 'atricitu lumba Pius." r \e I » < ceyhad i sti Wished him- I ' i d vi > t armiSi and main- ion not only against the ■ ive ] . but even against the King John, whose allegian ken "if t-, transfer it I Arthur of Brittany. Ho wfl , W- . . -1 when perfbrm- i hi- d< voti »ns in 1 1 1 * - cathedra], and i I •• cathe Lral much ;st different tim- . g been hurnt down by Edward Bruce, and again by Lord (-icy in 1538, for which act <>f profanity I was afterwards beheaded. The town is Mill built, and divided into English, Irish, and Scotch quar- ters, the latter being an importanl element in the population of all tin N.-eastern towns ; there are also some handsome county buildings- such a- the Court-house, Infirmary, and Gaol, the cosl of this Last being 63,000Z. The cathedral is com- paratively modern ; the old building, hurnt by Lord Grey, continued in ruins for 250 years, the ch. of Lisburn doing duty in the mean time as the cathedral. In 1790, however, the present Perp. building was raised, consisting of a nave, choir, and aisles, with clerestory, and a fii tower of -1 sfc g< - at the W, end. At the E. end arc also 2 small castellated towers of 8 stages, sur- mounted by a parapet, and finished oft* with broach spires. There is an E. window of 12 compart- ments, and above it 3 ogee-headed niches which once contained the imag - of the saints so ruthlessly mutilated by Lord Grey. Under the window i< a deeply recessed ►rway, which is said to hav< longed t<» the old cathedral. The ales are separated from the nave by rai 'f pointed arches, mid the i "is - roined and ornamented at the intersections with clustered fo] From earliest times the Bishopric of 1 town has been join< d to thai of Connor, although one or two bishops caused them to be separated: they were, however, again united in ti loth <•< nt.. and are now incorporate with that ofDromore. Amongst the Protestanl bishops, after the Refor- mation, was tin- pious Jeremy Tay- lor, who at th«- same time held i Dromore. The visitor will not tail to enjoy the exquisite panorama ot* distant hill- from ch.-yard, in which the Mourne ran| pecially as. 46 Boute 4. — Neivry to Belfast. Ireland. It may bo mentioned that a fine romul tower once stood at the W. end, but was taken away, as fears were entertained lest it should fall and damage the cathedral. The antiquary should visit the Rath of Downpatrick, not far from the gaol. It was formerly known as Rath Keltain, " the Fort of Certain," and is the largest in the county, being 895 yards broad at the base and surrounded by 3 ramparts. There is also a remarkable Druid- ical ring, with an avenue of stones running for 35 ft. in a N.E. direc- tion, on the hill of Slieve-na-griddle, 3 m. to the E. On the way thither are the wells of Struel (Struile or Sluith-fuile, the Stream of Blood), whither on Midsummer-day crowd pilgrims from every quarter to try the efficacy of the waters in washing away their sins. It is one of the most celebrated resorts in all Ire- land, and famous, or rather in- famous, for the mingled scenes of credulity, impiety, and indecency which are allowed to be openly carried on. Having completed their weary pilgrimage on bare knees up Struel Hill, they resort to the wells. " These are 4 in number — the Body Well or Well of Sins, the Limb Well, the Eye Well, and the Well of Life. If they pay a fee, they can go into the first, in which they are accommodated with a place to un- dress ; if not, they must go to the Limb Well, in which case they have to undress before the multitude, and pair in a state of nudity to the well, into which they plunge pro- miscuously. Having thus washed away their sins at the expense of their modesty, they repair to the Eye Well to wash away the impedi- ments to their spiritual vision, after which they partake of the 'Waters of Lift',' or, as some call it, the Well of Forget fulness." — Doyle. The per- formances were usually closed with a series of religious (?) saturnalia,, which, if the accounts of some writers be true, - should have "been long ago summarily stopped by the civil authorities. 2 m. N.E. are slight remains of the abbey of Saul, built in the 12th cent, by Malachi O 'Morgan, Bishop of Down. It was formerly a cruci- form ch., but the greater part of it has disappeared. About a mile to the W., on the shore of the estuary of the Quoile, stand the ruins of an embattled tower. On the opposite side of the estu- ary are the ruins of the abbey of Inch, erected in the 12th cent, by John de Courcey, and supplied with monks from Furness, in Lancashire. Although originally a cruciform ch., little is left of it save the chancel, which is lighted by E. Eng. lancet windows of beautiful design. A primitive ch. of much earlier date still exists on the island, and is said to have been the predecessor of the present abbey. Over the S. door is a sculpture, representing a person praying to the Saviour on the Cross. Conveyances from Downpatrick to Belfast by rail. Car daily to Newry and Newcastle. Distances^ — Newry, by the coast road, 61 m. : Dundrum, 8J ; Strang- ford, 8 ; Ardglass, 7 ; Killough, 7h ; Killyleagh, 6 ; Belfast, 27 ; Ballyna- hinch, by rail, 12£ ; Struel, 3 ; Saul, 2. Excursions. — 1. Strangford and Kilclief, 2. Struel and Saul. 3. Ballynahinch. Passing the village and stat. of Crossgar 5 J m., we arrive at a point from whence a short branch is given off to [Ballynahinch, which of late years has attracted valetudinarians from its bracing air and the efficacy of its medicinal waters. There are 2 wells, the one containing lime, sulphuric, muriatic, and car- bonic acids ; and the other having, in addition, a small amount of prot- oxide of iron. They are strongly recommended by Dr. Knox in cases elan . Route 5. — Belfast to Denagha tions, cutaneous dis- \d general debility. The Spa fully planted and laid out in ornamental walks, and the accom- d. Adjoin- in town is Montalto, formerly dence <>f the Earla of Moira, id now of I>. Kerr. Esq., M.P. '■ lUynahinch is situated pleasantly in a vale at the foot of the Ieve Croob Mountains ( 1753 f . . which lie between it ami Castlewel- n, and contain the Bources i a, that runs by Dromore On the side of Slieve I the antiquary will find a very Lai round at the Excursions may also be made to Hi . 9 m.: Banbridg< . 17 swellan, 1 li.v.J I . — 1. Hillsborough and Dromore Croob. K illy] . a small town on the autiftdly siiu- s of Lough Strang- for being I Sir Hans Sloan, the i Mus urn. The 1 J >r.Hincks, bo we'd known for '. - yrian researches, tor of the parish. A tutifully baldHamil- bich one of the tow< . i\ at th< a. O »ntinuing our course on the mi all bui I town, where lin< B [fast i ari the batl Saint- ni L7S Bharp and bloody i b( twe< ii the Uni i under Munroe, and I ry under I „,. •ugh the r. 1- Is ai sj : Munro Ballynahincb with an army of 71 00, but here his good fortune d< serfo d him. The Royal forces und( r Gen. Nugent had oecuph d the town, and. although the rebels fought witlj desperate gallantry, discipline pre- vailed, and they were routed with gr< at slaughter, Munroe himself being captured and executed. The ill-success of this last movement com- pletely crusm d the rebellion. L9 in. Comber Stat., the point of junction with the Donagliad< e line Ette. S . From hence it is 8 m. to Belfast. ROUTE 5. BELFAST TO DONAGHADEE. Bdfast {Holds: Imperial, Royal, the best; Queen's, Albion, good; besid< veral others of a le nsive character) is the metropolis of X. Ireland, and indeed ran] next to Dublin in the whole king- dom for size and importance. It is a city of essentially modern growth and appearance, and ich will Burprise and pl< , traveller w visits ii t any Length ned i - perience of [rish towns, on a< count of its spacious and well-arrang< d stre< and squares, i q< n ! cleanlin< and good order, and the beautii i samples of d< corative archit< displayed bo largely in its public buildin Belfast appears to <<■ these advantage s in a great :. Alexander, Bishop of Down. • ;• should also notice the Ulster Hall in Bedford Street, the Music Hall in May Street, and a very fiii- I- stitution, of the Tudor order, .1 >uml>, and Blind, e ilax-mills arc perhaps the interesting objects in the city, tor should not omit these < stablishments. That of 31 Mulholland is the and will give a hotter idea ny other of the extent The firm that owns • .'• of the •yarn mannt. in B ;id now employs 1 indirectly near] 2; I principal t - I and ( the R d- 1 W( . I A ' I I [i . . . < I Co., A i «»f tin- flax and linen trade will be found in Introduction hut it may be mentioned that in 1860 ti. a B upwards <>f of limn, vahi • _ L sterling, and .at yarns ds t<» tli. unt of .. valu. d at 76 I ,:,/ . Nor is i: only aa a turing centre thai 1 1 is pre-emi i ( qually not< d 1 by her in- habitants in literature and the arts, which are cultivated to an extent unknown in any other city in Ire- land, save Dublin. The earliesl edition of the Bible was printed here in 17o 1, and the third news- paper, as regards date, viz. the Bel- fast News-letter, began its exist nee in 17:57. The communications by land and water are many and fit - quent. Three railways have their terminus lure, viz., the Belfast and County Down to Donaghadee and Downpatrick; the Ulster to Porta- down and Omagh; the Northern Counties to C\»h raine : all of which throw out branch-lines in dififerenl part.- of their con: The following steamers also sail from the port: to Bristol weekly; Fleetwood daily; Annan 3 times a week; to Carlisle; to Dublin, Dum- fries, Liverpool, Glasgow, White- haven, Morecambe, Waterford, Lon- donderry, London. Distance*. — Dublin, 113 m. ; Dro- gheda, 81 ; Dundalk, 50 ; Deny, 04 ; Downpatrick, 27; Donaghadee, 22 ; Holy wood, 5 : Bangor, 12 ; Newtown- ards, 13j ; Comber, 8 ; Lisburn, 7 ; Moira, 14; Hillsborough, 19 : Antri; 22 : Carrickfergus, 9£. Excursions. — 1, Gave Hill and Divis. 2. Dundonald, Kempe Ston :!. Drumbo. 4. Holywood. < irrickfergus Rte. l: 6. Antrim (Rte. 12). The tourist should not have \\> l- fi>t without paying a visil to ( /////, which overhangs the city, at a distance of about 2 m., and Is in- teresting both in a geological and antiquarian point of view. It fori the northern termination of the chalk ranges thai stretch from Lis- burn and axe capped with basall ; although, geologically, tin strata an n commend I t NVW. of Carrickfergus, and fc ad al< i the ( liant's way. " it coi f an over- D 50 Route 5. — Belfast to Donagliadee. Ireland, lying mass of tabular trap in a vast scries of strata, which in some places exceed 900 ft. of thickness in the aggregate, resting upon a stratum of white chalk in a highly vitrified tte, in which there is a large quantity of Hint both in lamiiue and nodules ; the greensand underlies the chalks, beneath which the oolitic formation crops out, but of such a thickness that its series of beds of gray, white, and variegated gypseous marls have not yet been fully ex- plored."' — Boyle. ~ In the perpen- dicular face of the rock are the 3 caves which have given its name to the hill ; the 2 lowest being 21 and 10 ft. respectively in length, and the upper one considerably larger, though so placed as to be well-nigh inaccessible. The summit is crowned by an earthwork, known as the Fort of Mac Art, " from itsr having been one of the last strongholds of Brian Mac Art (O'Neill), who, with his sept, was exterminated by Deputy Mountjoy in the reign of Elizabeth." On one side it is protected by the precipice, and on the other by a deep ditch. Cave Hill is not the highest point of this range, being overtopped on the S. side by Divis, 1507 ft., and on the N. by Collin- ward, 119G, while at the back are the Wolfs Hill, 1210, and Squire's Hill, 1230. In the former hill are other caves in the chalk limestone, and at the base of the latter are several raths where implements of early warfare, such as celts, arrow-heads, and hat- chets were discovered. If the visitor be neither antiquary nor geologist, he will, nevertheless, be delighted with the view from any one of these heights, which embrace a panorama of great beauty. At the foot lies Belfast, with its churches, mills, and docks ; the harbour, and the broad lough of Strangford; the hills of Down on the opposite side, sprinkled with many a smiling village ; while afar in the distance are the dim outlines of the Ayrshire coast, and on a clear day the cliffs of the Isle of Man. To the W. is a broad expanse of Co. Antrim, in which Lough Neagh plays a con- spicuous part, while the chalk hills in the neighbourhood of Coleraine and Deny fill up the background with grand effect. The following plants are found here and at Colin Glen : Asplenium ceterach, Aspidium loba- tima, A. aculeatum, Equisetum va- riegatum, Festuca calamaria, Listera nidus avis, Orobanche rubra, Hiera- cium murorum, Circa3aalpina, Adoxa moschatellina*. On the return to the town, the remains of an intrench- ment, thrown up by William III. in the grounds of Fort William close to the water's edge, may be visited ; and near the Belfast water -works the geologist should notice an elevated deposit of marine shells of the ter- tiary (pliocene) era. On the E. bank of the Lagan, 1 m. from Belfast, is Ormeau, the seat of the Marquis of Donegal. For further particulars about Belfast the traveller may con- sult M'Comb's 'Guide,' a handy and useful little work. [It is a pleasant excursion up the valley of the Lagan to the village of Newtown-breda, and thence to Drumbo. The former overlooks the Lagan, from the foot of the hill of Castlereagh, the site of the once famous palace of Con O'Neill. By an inquisition in the reign of Eliza- beth it appears that Con O'Neill was the last of that sept, and was possessed of no less than 224 town- lands, all freehold. Adjoining the village are a Grecian ch., built. by Viscountess Middleton, and Bel voir Park, the seat of Sir R. Bateson, Bart. The ruins of the old parish ch. of Knock are in the S.E. portion of the district, and near it is a cromlech of 5 supporters, together with a rath. The round tower at Drumbo is 35 ft. in height and 47 in circum- ference. Of this Petrie observes, " The oldest towers are obvi- ] LAND. 1? \uU 5, — DinuJonaM — Comber. 51 > constructed ofspawled - i iv and large hammered Btom 9, and which present simple quadran- lar and semicircular arched door- with doping jambs. Thedoor- Drumbo is only about 4 ft. from the ground, which 1ms been much raised by interments about it. - i that there is no doubt but that its el< originally at 1- 8t 8 or l" n." The foundations of the old eh vii-. d to St. Patrick, are i to tl SJ3, of the town. A large quantity of bones and a por- ' leton were found within this which, when opened, pre- 11 the appearance i itrifi- < >n th( return from Drumbo ould visit the Giant's tlie largest and mosl irly remains existing in ►m. It is an extensive ft. in diameter, . an area of 10 acres, and I by a Lofty mound, of which thickness at the base is 80 ft. T! - me idea of what the ■ have been when it was mow. though greatly ■. it is high enough to tut out the view of the country In the centre is the altar, 4 large blocks supporting the in- . while on the W. and i oth< r del 1 atom in th<- time when ]1 w. - - 1 ' • ty of County Down, 1 1744, the incumbent block is stated pported by 2 ran. pillars, 7 The pro- ible remain afforded it by I late Vis :oun1 Dungannon, strong wall all round.] The visitor i. turn to Bell * fr K ck ^ - wn lily., which con- seller to D ' tn. in length, in ches to Holy- binch. 'i f the river. ring the town branch Bkirts tlie Bhores of t ! • lough to Sydenham and Holywood. 5 m., both pleasant marine suburbs, where the Belfast merchants 1<> to dwell. Sydenham has within the lasl few years been extensively built <»ver with villas, some of which occupy the site of an ancient burying- g round, said to have contained the tomb of Con O'Neill (see ant , Holywood derives its name from a Franciscan Priory founded in 1200 by one Thomas Whyte, hut is now known only as an agreeable bathing- place, for which its position on the shore of the lough off< re many ad- vantagi s. The Bishop of Down and Connor has a residence here, known the Palac . The rly. is in course of extension to Bangor. Distances, — Belfast, 5 m. ; Bangor, Returning to the main line, the first stat. is 2h m. Knock, from whence the tourist may excurse to the Giant's King and Drumbo. " 5 m. Dundonald. 1 m. to the E. is a relic of antiquity known as the Kempe Stones, an enormous mass of rock, weighing upwards of 40 tons, supported by 5 rude pillars In appearance they re- semble Druidical altars, '-hut their name, and that of the townland in which they are situated, as well as tradition, seem to assign to them a different origin, and to raise the probability that thev were erected a memorial to the dead. The Itic name of the district was BaiUe-clough-togal, Le. 'The Town of t\iC Stone of the Strangers :' the townland is still called (in en- graves." — M'Comb. In the summer of 1832 the head and horn.- moose-di i r now extinct w. ad in an adjacenl I sting on marL 8 m. 1 ber t the junction from wl, I line to Downpatrick div< . ! . is a m at thriv- ing town, chiefly dependent on the linen trade. The ch. is built on th> m ancit nt abbey, found* 52 Route 5. — Belfast to Donagliadee. Ireland. in 1201, the monks of which were furnished from YVhitland,^ or Alba- Laiula, in Carmarthenshire. It con- tains monuments to tlie memory of persons who fell in the battle of Saintfield, 179S (p. 47), and in the market-square is a monumental obe- lisk to Sir R. Gillespie, a native of this town, who fell in Java. The rly. to Donagliadee now turns round the base of Scrabo Mount, and soon comes in sight of the craggy hill of Carngaver 720 ft., which is capped by a tower erected in memory of Charles William Marquis of Lonclon- derry, the landlord and owner of all this properly. On the it. is Strang- ford Lough, an inlet of which flows to within J m. of Comber. 13J m. Newtownards {Hotel: Lon- donderry Arms), or Newtown of the Ards, the latter being the distinguish- ing name of the promontory lying between Lough Strangford and the sea, formerly designated "Altitudo Ultorum juxta Mare Orientale." It is a large and well-built town, possessing the advantages of a careful super- vision by the Londonderry family, whose seat Mount Stewart, to the»S.E., between Newtown and Grey Abbey, is a line classic building, beautifully situated in a wooded demesne on the shores of Strangford Lough. New- townards, though now a bustling linen town, was formerly noted for having been the centre of a large number of religious establishments, the ruins of many of which are still in ex- istence. The Court-house, which pos- sesses a good doorway, w T as originally the old ch., built by Sir Hugh Mont- gomcry, to whom James I., after the forfeiture of Con O'Neill's estates, granted the whole of the district. The town contains a handsome oc- tagonal cross, built to replace the one destroyed by the insurgents. Newtownards is well situated at the foot of the Scrabo hills, where limestone and lead-ore are obtained, and at the head of the lough of Strangford, an arm of the sea about 1-1 m. in length and 4 to 5 wide. The channel of Portaferry, however, which communicates with the sea, is so very narrow, that the lough looks almost like a freshwater lake — an appearance to which the number of small islands contributes ; and this same cause makes it nearly useless for navigation purposes (Pop. 9543). Conveyances.— Rail to Belfast and Donagliadee. Car to Cloghy. Distances. — Grey Abbey, 7 m. ; Mount Stewart, 5 ; Bangor, 5 ; Do- nagliadee, 9. j ; Comber, 5 J. Excursions. — 1. Scrabo. 2. Grey Abbey and Mt. Stewart. [This is the nearest spot from whence to visit Grey Abbey, the road to which skirts the N.E. shore of Strangford Lough, and passes 5 m. the Grecian mansion of Mount Stewart, the seat of the Londonderry family. The house is built of Scrabo stone, and the interior is floored with bog fir found on the estates. The grounds are well wooded, and laid out with taste, and contain a classic temple,, copied from the " Temple of the Winds." 7 m. Grey Ahbey, a small town, which took its rise from the founda- tion of an abbey in the 12th cent, for Cistercian monks, by Afric, wife of John De Courcey, and daughter of Godred, King of Man. The ruins of this E. Eng. abbey are in re- markably good preservation, pro- bably owing to the fact that it was used , as a parish ch. as late as 1778. The choir contains some lancet windows on the N. wall, and a noble E. window of 3 lights, upwards of 20 ft. in height ; also 2 recumbent figures. A tower, now fallen, rose from the centre of the ch., and was supported by very graceful and lofty arches. The abbey w T as destroyed in the rebellion of Tyrone, " ruinated in Tirowen's rebellion," but was subsequently re- built by the Montgomeiy family (see ante), whose scat of Rose- lnd. I?, 'iite 5. — Portaferry — Donaghadee, mount adjoins the ruins, which still e ; v eii mausoleum. From its situation (.m the lough and the beauty of the ruins. Grey Abbey is a favourite excursion with th< tizens of Belfast. Anchusa a mpervirens and Andromeda poly- Lia grow lure. Pursuing the road • it h ward, the tourist reach' - 10} in. Kircubbin, a small town. the inhabitants of which arc chiefly I in the manufacture of straw I \- i ta The little hay, on the ah i f which it Lb situated, iv- - in the name of the Bloody m. 15 m. it. Ardkeen, once the chief the Bishops of Down, oastery, of which - -till exist. 1 r . m. J try [Hold : Nu- Arms), the most southerly vn in the peninsula of Ards. "It it- origin to a castle built by th< 9 ge family, who came into part of the country with John shortly after the arrival i ml, the place being I ami garrisoned by that rful family, its situation on the • maurhi£ district of the southern A fi 11 into the hands of the The visitor should hill of Blackbank to x - town, from which will ry fine view : Btrangford Lough, I s I 'vne, as it ie ry is a n«at, carrying on a with Scotland and Li- ratains the crumbling • . c -*' of the Savage s, wi proi '■' 1 and fosten d i i j inre . J. N Esq., .II is The cham wn from the 53 opposite one of Btrangford is about 5 m. in length and ) in breadth. "There is a violent tide, through the channel in and out of Btrangford Lough, and it makes a heavy swell when running against the wind, but it is not dangerous to persons ac- quainted with the passage." — Fras< r. The tourist can cross the ferry to Btrangford, and thence to Down- patrick (Bte. 4;, or else return hy the coast to Donaghadee through Cloghy and Ballyhalbert. Burial Island off the shore at this point is the most eastern land in Ireland. From Ballywalter, near which is Springvale House (A. Mulholland, Esq.), it is Ih m. of a rocky coast- road to Donaghadee.] Donagluidee {Hotels: Arthur'.-; Commercial), apart from its claims to admiration as a line bathing-place and marine residence, derives much importance from the fact of its being the nearest port to Scotland, the distance to Portpatrick being only 22 m. As the rly. in the sister island is now completed from Carlisle to Portpatrick; it is not unlikely that ere long a fast steamer will be placed on the station, and that this short passage will be much patronised by .all northern Irish tourists, who are haunted by the dread of the terrible 1 hours between Holyhead and Kingstown. Indeed, so Dear is the Scottish coast, that not only the outlines of the hills but even the houses can be distinctly seen in clear weather. This is also the crossing point of the Magnetic Telegraph. The harbour is good, and was im- proved at a c ».^t of 14.3,000/. Vessels drawing Id ft. of water can enter at, any time of the tide. The piei built of Angl< sea marble, as is a! the lighthouse, which Bhows a fixed red light The only relic of antiquity in the town fa an enormous rath ft. hi l'!i. of which advanl ha i taken to ( r. -t a powder- i the summit The view from it ]'.-> beautiful, embracing the 5-1 Route G. — Dundalh to Sligo. Ireland, sweep of the bay and town, and a long extent of Scotch coast. (Pop. 2G71.) Distances. — Grey Abbey, m. ; STewtownards, 8.^ ; Groomsport, 4 ; Bangor, 5.j, to which the shore-road may be taken, although there is a shorter and better one across country. Excursions. — 1. Bangor. 2. Grey Abbey. A little to the N. of Donaghadce the coast trends to the W., and forms the entrance to Belfast Lough. Some distance out at sea are Cope- land Island (of considerable size), Mew and Lighthouse Islands; on the latter is a fixed light. The fishing village of Groomsport is the locale of the disembarkment of the advanced guard of William III.'s army under Schomberg. Ad- joining is Groomsport House (the Elizabethan seat of B. P. Maxwell, Esq.). Bangor (Hotel : Royal), as its name implies (" Beann chair," White Church), was in former days the seat of an abbey of regular canons, founded by St. Comgall in 555, and of a school so famous for its learning, that Alfred resorted to it for pro- fessors when he restored the uni- versity of Oxford. Like most of tliis district, it formed a portion of O'Neill's confiscated property, and was transferred by James I. to the family of Hamilton, afterwards Viscount Clandeboye. Only a very minute fragment is left of the abbey. The town is principally dependent on muslin sewing and em- broidering, and a large amount of work is annually sent to England in the shape of fine embroideries for ladies' attire. The modern mansion, the seat of the Ward family, is an Elizabethan building near the town, and in close proximity to the site of the old castle. Distances. — Newtownards, 5 m. ; Bolywood, 7^; Donaghadee, Groomsport, 2. >lca incrs ply daily to Belfast. 2 m. on the road leading from Bangor to Holywood is Clandeboye,. the seat ofLordDuflferin. The house was originally erected in the reign of James I. ; but subsequent altera- tions have obliterated its ancient character. At the southern extremity of the demesne rises a hill, crowned by a tower built for the purpose of enshrining some beautiful verses written by Lady DufTerin to her son. The structure has received the name of Helen's Tower, and has been still further dignified by a poetical in- scription from the hand of Alfred Tennyson. A small private chapel in the park contains some ancient architectural fragments built into its inner walls, and an hieroglyphic car- touche of Tirhakah, the contemporary of Hezekiah, Isaiah, and Sennacherib- From the western side of the de- mesne an avenue leads to the sea- shore, distant about 3 m. At Cultra, more than halfway be- tween Holywood and Bangor, the geologist will observe some singular beds of dolomite, considered by Sir R. Griffith on lithological grounds to represent the Permian system of Ireland. V BOUTE 6. FROM DUNDALK TO ENNISKiLLEW AND SLIGO. The Dundalk and Enniskillen Ply,, was opened in 1852, and, taken per se, is G2 m. in length ; but as this company have also leased the Ennis- killen and Londonderry line, the two arc the same for all practical pur- poses, and are now worked under the name of the Irish North-Western. Through carriages run from Dun- dalk to Deny, thus saving a great vxh. Bouie G. — Castle Blayney— Cooteihill 65 time between Dublin and P. riy, in comparison with the route t i Belfast. The riy. cannot be said run through a pretty country in aeral, although some portions, ccially near Enniskillen, are very lining. Quitting the Dundali 6 it., there is nothing of interest until Inniskeen Stat. 7 in. is reached. On 1. are ruins [of no great extent or tural beauties of the abbey [nniskeen : and here wo may re- rk that the Irish tourist must to find in every abbey anything more than the re- a simple parish oh., gene- rally - 3ting of a nave and choir, •h probably a 1" Irry. They w< dt in a rude age, as the nucleus • i stablishment which [uently had to provide for rial defence as well i - s. [nniskeen presents, i additional attraction in sha] stump of a round I and a stone cross, ( t. — A daily car to Car- -. Shirley Arms), [a lit ii prettily situated on high the lower limestone liich i.-^ here surrounded by lurianrocks, principally gray purpL " Dating with quart- •nallv with conglo- Limestone. In libourhood an I lisinisk and I. Fea H E. P. Shirley, I. . i edistricl to I 3. I r- - \\ iM and hillv. • * rable in ight at I. . Imnl« ;li LUG ft. . between I id Kingscourt. ( — Car 1 iborou ! I • I > aiskeen, 7J m. : Vir- K art, 7; B . I L] I I ii the li' I ' rian cuttinj ■ Gullion group between Dundalk and Wwrv. 12 in. CuUoviUe, 2) m. rt. of which is the village of Crossmaglen. The country becomes more di- versified and prettier at Casth Blay~ ney Inn: King's Arms), named after Sir E, Blayney, governor of Monaghan in the reign of James I., who gave him land on condi- tion of his erecting a fort between Newry and Monaghan. It is a pretty English-looking town on the borders of the well-planted lake of Muckna, which is -till further em- bellished by tie- grounds of Cattle Blayney, the residence of T. II. Hope, Esq. Distances, — Armagh, 17^ m. ; Ready, l 24J m. BaUybay, like Castle Blayney, owes its prosperity to the linen trade. Beyond being placed in a very pretty country, it does not contain much of interest. u The approach to the town opens upon a picturesque district. To the E. 8 u, at the distance of 20 m., the blue summits of the lofty Slieve Gullion, with the town about a quarter of a mile beneath, apparently embosomed in hills, and situated on the margin of a lake 1 m. in dia- meter." [From hence a branch line been formed to 9 m. ( 'ootehiU, passing 5 m. Rockcorry. [CootehiU (Hotel: M'Cabe's), on the borders of Ca van co., a pleasantwell- built town, on the hank-- of the rivei of the .-lino name, which connects it by a chain of navigable lal ith Ballybay. There ar aear the- town : / /' i . ,/. the former residence of the i ■; rl ofBellamont, and new p by Mi I • : Dartrey (Lord C morne , the great pla< trict, with a very tin.- modern man- sion situate d in an i finely wooded i Ashft l I ■ ments . (Pop. L994.) ( l to Bl 56 Route 6. — DundaUc to Sligo. Ireland. Distances. — Ballybay, 9 m. ; Bally- haise,ll ; Stradone, 10. The road continues to Ballvhaisc, passing Tullyvin House (J. Brom- ley, Esq.), and 4£ m. Rahenny, where in an old fort a large gold fibula was found in an iron pot. 11 m. Bally- haise (Rte. 17).] 34 m. Xewbliss, a neat village, close to which is Newbliss House (A. Kerr, Esq.). 39 m. Clones (Rte. 1.7) (Inn : Dacre Arms), an ancient and not over clean little town, though it is placed on a hill high enough to secure all the advantages of drainage. It has de- rived its name from Cluain Inis, " the Island of Retreat," from having been formerly surrounded by water. It was also a celebrated ecclesiastical lo- cality, and the seat of a bishopric, St. Tigernach, the first bishop, hav- ing died here of the plague in 550. The abbey was burnt in 1395, and again rebuilt and finally dissolved in Henry YIII.'s time. The tourist should stop at Clones to visit the ruins, though they are but small. They are situated at the foot of the hill on the S. side of the town, to- gether with the round tower, which is peculiarly rough and irregular on the outside, but of smooth limestone within. The masonry is rude, and the top is wanting. At the summit of the hill is the market-place, adorned with a handsome eh. and the cross of Clones, in very fair preservation, though the sculpture on the shaft is somewhat indistinct. The arms of the cross are connected by circular portions, similar to that at Tynan near Armagh (Rte. 17). (Pop. 2390.) Conveyance. — Car to Monaghan. Distances. — Oavan, 15 m. ; Beltur- bet, 1H; Monaghan, 11. A rly. is here given off to Cavan en route for Mullingar, as also one to join the Ulster line at Monaghan. 44 m. At Newtown Butler, a bridge crosses a small tributary to Lough Erne. This village was the ^ccne of a very decisive action in 1GS9. "About 1 m. from Newtown Butler the Irish faced about and made a stand. They were driven up on a hill, at the foot of which lay a deep bog. A narrow paved cause- way which ran across the bog was the only road by which the cavalry of the Enniskilleners could advance. Macarthy placed his cannon in such a way as to sweep this causeway. Wolseley ordered his infantry to the attack. They struggled through the bog, made their way to firm ground, and rushed on to the guns. The Irish cannoneers stood gallantly to their pieces till they w r ere cut down to a man. The Irish dragoons, who had run away in the morning, were smitten with another panic, and without striking a blow galloped from the field." — Macaulay. In this affray the Irish lost above 2000 men, while the loss of the Enniskilleners was only 20. Portions of the beautiful reaches of Lough Erne every now and then become visible, although on no point from the rly. is the lake seen to any extent. In the dis- tance to the S.W. the blue limestone ranges of Leitrim, in which the Shannon takes its rise, form very fine features in the landscape. [2 J m. 1. on the banks of Lough Erne is Crom Castle, the charming residence of the Earl of Erne, situated at the bend of a wooded promontory overlooking the windings of the upper lake. It is a castellated building, placed in veiy picturesque grounds, which also enclose the ruins of the old castle of Crom, in 1GS9 "the frontier garrison of the Protestants of Fermanagh." It was besieged by Mountcashel, a circum- stance that induced the battle of Newtown Butler, in consequence of his being obliged to retire from Crom to meet Wolscley.] 51 m. Lisnasltea Stat. (Hotel : Erne Arms), a neat town with well- built schools, ch., market-house, &c. The town and neighbourhood owe I B< m (e G . — En n isle Men . 57 i the resident landlord, the Erne. Near Lisna&kea is i ton Lo Ige Major Archdail). Maguin '■< Bridg< , another uated on the Colebrooke river, which il«>ws into Lough Erne 3 in. X. is the village of Brookeb rough, and farther X. Cole- Le park and mansion ig to sir Victor Brooke, ;1. To t\\'- 1. ofMaguire's Bridge i- Er . studded with islands, si of which is Belleisle, sidence of J. Port r, Esq. S -n after passing .~>7^ m. Li*hel- skirta the demesne of I and arrives at I in. /. ana Inifl- ceithli // Imperial, toler- White Hart , the Mat. being placed die Lvantageous from hence to see the ni. i i- one of the - ::i Ireland, a circum- which, together with its as ciations, it principal attractions, for it is rchajological ob- •. From almost every ;nt it lias a peculiarly beautiful appearance, being entirely watergirt Lough Erne, or, to speak cor- by the river which anil ind lower lake ; from the i the housi li- ly, ti: ing turn. 1 spir the eh. • i of 1 well-..; houa s, ..ukal'ly from tli< bly dirty cabins which dis- [reland's 1- rl : re broad and an, the shoi 1 and well tilled, 1 air of i • rity and ^ j»erv whole pla •' es I. E oiskillen id of the M h ; but :' [uent 1. when in L689, not with wn - i : .:iel, t gallanl Enniskilleners actually pur- sued their invaders, who made a preci- pitate retreat, without stopping till they readied Cavan. The actions at Belturbel and Newtown Butler were still more telling and decisive affairs in the brief campaign. On a wooded hill overlooking the town above the stat is a lofty pillar to commemorate the heroic deeds of Sir Lowry Cole of Peninsular fame. The view from the hill is very beau- tiful, though the tree- are allowed to grow too densely around the column. At either end of the town is a fort, and there are also extensive barracks occupying the site of the castle, a portion of which still exists close to the W. bridge* From its posi- tion on the lake, a considerable trade is carried on by water between En- niskillen and Belleek at the western extremity of Lough Erne ; and if any communication existed between this latter place and Ballyshan- non, it would at once open the way to a very extensive inland trade. With the towns on the lower lakes, as Belturbet, &c, there is at present little or none, probably owing to the very serpentine course of the river. 1 m. from the town is the magnificent demesne and mansion of Castle Coole, the Beat of the Earl of Belmore. It is a large Gn house, built by the elder Wyatt of Portland stone, and is very prettily situated. To see the neigh- bourhood of Enniskillei] to advantage the tourist should discard terra nrma and take to the lake, for which pur- pose good boats may be had at the W. bridge. Lough Erne is one of the larg* si and mosl beautiful of Irish lak( a. It b little mountain oery or c y shores, but is, save iit one locality, for the most pari sylvan in character, and indeed, forcombir tionfl Of WOod and water ifl probably unequalled. The river Erne, which Ls it, ; Lough Gowna,about . X. of i ■ ind runs X. until ; Is into Lough 58 Route 6. — Dun dalle to Sligo. Irelani;. Oughter, from whence it emerges with broader proportions, passing i Sutler's Bridge and Belturbet. At or near Crumil is generally called Longh Erne, though in fact it is nothing more than a very broad river, fringed with innumerable bays, and studded with islands, many of them of con- siderable size. The upper lake is at its broadest opposite Lisnaskea, and from this point soon narrows to assume the river character again. There are several pretty residences in this portion of its course, such as Crum, Belleisle, Belonia, and Lis- goole Abbey (W. C. Jones, Esq.)— an abbey only in name, as there are no traces of ch. architecture about it; nevertheless the row from Ennisldllen hither will amply repay the lover of river scenery. The reach from the town to the lower lake is about 1 m. in length, and passes on 1. Portora, a very beautifully situated school, built in 1777 to accommodate the scholars of the Eoval School, founded in 162G by Charles I. The channel of the river at this point has been considerably deepened; and at the extrance into the lake stand on 1. the ruins of a small fortress consist- ing of some circular towers. About 2 m. from Ennisldllen, on the rt. of the lake, lies tho island of Devenisli (anc. Daim-inish), with its melancholy-looking ruins, viz. an abbey, portions of a 2nd ch., and a round tower, tho most perfect in the whole country. The lower ruins close to the tower are very scanty, possess- ing only one or two round-headed windows deeply splayed inwardly. The round tower is 70 ft. high, and remarkable for the extraordinary fineness and regularity of the ma- sonry up to the very apex. Look- ing N.E. are 3 windows, the lower one round, the middle triangular, and the uppermost square-headed. As usual there is no entrance, but 3 rude steps have been made in the roes to the lower window, which is about 12 ft. from the ground. being remarkably the unusual In addition to well preserved, it has decoration of a cornice or band im- mediately under the conical apex, of very rich design, and with a well-sculptured head in the centre of each side. A little higher up the hill are the ruins of the abbey, con- sisting of the tower and the N. wall of the choir, in which is a good pointed doorway deeply moulded and crocketed. The intersecting arches are similar to those of Sligo, though scarcely so lofty. A spiral staircase leads to a chamber in the tower, and in the floor are holes for the bellropes. Beyond Devenisli, although this is generally the limit for a rowing ex- cursion, the lake gradually expands as far as Church Hill, at which point it assumes the character of an inland sea, being 5 m. broad ; " stretching from Ennisldllen to Eosscor House, a distance of 20 m., its greatest breadth 5 m., and its least 2 in. It contains nearly 28,000 statute acres, and em- braces 109 islets, many of them small and of trifling importance, others, and not a few, varying from 10 to 150 acres, while Boa Island, near the northern extremity of the lake, contains 1300 statute acres." — Fraser. Conveyances from Ennisldllen. — Daily to Ballyshannon and Bundo- ran ; daily to Donegal ; daily to Mona- ghan ; daily to Fettigoe ; daily to Sligo by Manor Hamilton ; daily tc* Omagh. Distances. — Sligo, 39 m. ; Donegal,, 34 ; Belcoo, 114 ; Manor Hamilton, 25; Clones, 23 ; Ballyshannon, 27 ; Ely Lodge, 4J; Devenisli Island, 2 ; Petti- goe, 19 ; Kesh, 14 ; Florence Court,. 7 ; Swanlinbar, 12 ; Crum Castle, 22, by water; Deny, 60 ; Dundalk, 62. Excursions. — 1. Devenisli Island. 2. Ballyshannon and Belleek. 3. Florence Court and Swanlinbar.. 4. Belcoo and Marble Arch. 5. Crum Castle. 6. Lisgoole by water. 1 Route G. — The Erne — Ely Lodge. 59 [ In fcourisl who wishes to proceed to Bub Loran will take the Ballyshannon road, which is tra- \ - L by 2 or 3 c rs daily, and is i long destined to p esess the a I by a. bridge with the main- land. The grounds are exquisi and the house contaii ae good The _T rand on the L of in >re ed aspect, and near tin' vill ige ol I iiuivli Hill ru rpments of blue moun- - :. LO00 t"t. above the sea. The ruins . I stle are close to the lake; it rtified mansion, built by II -.a branch of the Scotch oiily of Polwarth, who settled in Fen i in the reign of Elizabeth. It - of a frightful mas- in the llion of 1641, when L Bume, her family, and all the the house, amounting to -lain by R • of M . who had indue* d buitci der, under promt Enniskillen. A er exi ■K. The 1 !• si : the depth at many i. and its ] 1« \ugh a br< ; . bounded on 1. by the 1448 ft, ; . rt. by Mullaghatire 1275. Leaving □ 1. Lakefield (— Rutherford, Esq.) and Hollymount (S. Armstr j. Esq.), the tourist, reaches i 87 in. Manor Hamilton {Tun: Ro- binson's), a small town, situated in a high valley, surrounded by rangesof limestone hills on every side. ( )n the N. is the continuation of that noble range which is terminated seaward by Benbulben (Rte. 8), and extends all the way to Lough Macnean, or indeed to EnnisMllen. The charm! valley of the Bonet, runs up to Gle- nade under the heights of Cr ck- avallin 1408 ft., Saddle Hill 1245, and Doeyl511. (Rte. 8.) The town itself need not detain the touri-t long, as he can soon inspect the ivy-covered block of buildings which formed the baronial mansion of Sir Frederick Hamilton. It is a good example of the 17th cent., although the details are very plain. The road now crosses the Bonet, leaving to the rt the village of Lurganboy, which, as far as situation goes, has the superiority over Manor Hamilton. Two roads here branch ofYon rt. : 1. to Glenade 5 m. ; 2. to Glencar, which, if time is no object, should he taken hy the tourist, so as to visit the lake and waterfall. The road t<> SI turns to the 1. underneath Benb \ L365 ft., and continues through the same romantic formation until the high grounds above Lough («ill are reached. High as they arc however, not ;i single glimpse of this beautiful lough is obtained from the coach- road. 1"! in. Sliiro {Hotels: Imperial; Victoria) (Rte. 8 , ROUTE 7. >M ENNISKILLEN to DERRY, OMAGH. Th»- whole of this route is j formi 1 l v rail, a continuati< Dundalk and Enniskillen lin G: Boute 7. — EnnisJcillcn to Berry. Ireland. which has Leon merged into the same undertaking, although origin- ally made under separate compa- ny -. The greater portion runs through an uninteresting country, con-isting of high lands, with a good deal of bleak hill and moor. The latter half is the most pic- turesque, particularly when we reach the valley of the Fovle and its tributaries. Lough Erne, which is skirted by the line, is barely visible, high banks intervening. 6 m. Ballinamallard, on the river of the same name. SJ m. Lowtherstown Road. The station is 3 J m. distant from the town, which lies to the 1. 10 m. Trillicfr, a thriving village seated at the foot of the range of the Brocker Mountains, which, com- mencing at Lisbellaw, near Ennis- killen, run N.E. at an average height of 1000 ft., and form a marked watershed for rivers running X. to the Foyle and S. to Lough Erne. 17 m. 1. Dromore, which suffered much at the hands of the insurgents in 1641. St. Patrick is said to have founded here a monastery for the first female who received the veil at his hands. 20 m., connected by a short branch line, is Fintona, placed on the Fintona "Water, and having a " manufacture of linen and spades." The town dates from the reign of James I. Close by are Ecclesville (C. Eccles, Esq.) and Derrybard (S. Vesey, Esq.). [9 m. to the 8., on the opposite^ side of the Brocker range, is Five- ';<■ Toini, also founded temp. James I. by Sir William Stewart, who built the castle of Aghentine, of which slight remains still exist. 9 m. E. of Fintona is Clojher, the Regia of Ptolemy, and the it of the most ancient bishopric in Ireland, originally founded by St. Patrick. It derived its name, "Clogh-or," from a "stone of gold" said to have emitted oracular sayings. It was also the royal residence of the ancient princes of Ergallia, traces of which in the shape of earthworks are still extant within the grounds of the episcopal palace, a hand- some mansion, within a park of 500 acres. The first Protestant bishop,. Miles Magragh by name, did not take office until the reign of Eliza- beth ; and amongst succeeding pre- lates was Bishop Tennison, a great benefactor to the ch., who, together with Bishop Sterne, nearly rebuilt the cathedral in the last cent. It is a plain cruciform building with a tower rising from the W. front. The visitor after having inspected the ch. should go and see a pretty cascade at Lumford Glen, a little way from the town. Conveyances. — Car to Five-mile Town and Glasslough (Pte. 17), through Aughnacloy, a small town prettily placed on the Blackwater. Distances. — Five-mile Town, 7 m.; Aughnacloy, 9. \\ Glasslough, 18; Fintona, 9.j From Fintona the rail still ascends through bleak and cold hills to 26 m. Omagli {Hotels: Abercorn Arms; White Hart), the county- town of Tyrone, a flourishing place of some 3600 Inhab., situated at the junction of the Dnimragh river with the Camowen, their united waters falling into the Foyle. The castle of Omy played an important part in the wars of 1498, when it was rased to the ground ; and again in 1641, when Sir Phelim O'Neil took possession of it. The town contains little to detain the tour- ist, save the usual county struc- tures — a courthouse with a good Doric front, a gaol, a barrack, and a church with a lofty spire, which looks very well from the rly. In the neighbourhood are Lisanelly (E. White, Esq.) and Crcevenagh (Hon. A. Stewart). Conveyances. — Pail to Enniskillen, Derry, and Dungannon. Car to Mo- naghan Poad, through Ballygawley. [An important cross coinniunica- Irel J?"»iV 7. — Donaghmore—Dungann 03 Hon 3 been lately made by the Ulster Rly. Company, by the exten- their line to I taiagh from Iowa and Dnngannon. It - up the conise of the Cam- 7} in. /> raght a decayed vil- I _ atthei f Shantauny, 1035 ft, i on its southern face descends In a bold sweep, overlooking the little ni'h >/. Here are some n b built by Sir Gerard L :. • r in the 17th cent. l ... >m the town is Ballygawley II at v( Sir John Stewart. I sing the Cloghfin river, a O, we arrive at ■ 13 in. Carrickmore, or Ton. 1^ ) called from the elevation which it is hnilt. Adjoining it an oins of the old cm, a small i D building. e highest portion of the line is ■//, the hills of which rise to about r. The demesne of Pomeroy H ; ; \ Esq. was formerly rated for its timber, some of the oak- having measured 20 ft. in cir- CUl: _ m. Donaghmore. Of the im- monastic buildings that on re, all that i mains is lutiful inscribed - about /a, which, having b p. 4000! The coal-field of Tyrone is interest- ing to the geologist from the various and >pe ( dy era m of r ar- ringin so limited a space, and itscom- mercial importance in the industrial momyof ErelancL The coal-seai - f on the limestone of I tungannon, and many of the hills and high undsan rwithtri or new red Bandstone beds for a con- siderable distaic- The divided into two portions :— l. I . .1 [aland districl \. Dungannon, which is ah >u1 6 m. in 2 in breadth, and • ins . Within a depth i fat' 6 1 I workal 1 are foui tin i 22 • fc. able i » mai i-einpc u Route 7. — Enni skill en to Berry. Ireland. found close together at so short a depth (See Introd.) 2. The Anna- hone district is only 1 m. long, cm- 1 tracing 320 acres, and affording S or 9 workable seams. "Notwithstand- ing the smallncss of the basin, its strata are so much contorted and disturbed as to cause great irregu- larity in the workings by change of level and the occasional disappear- ance of the bed. But, with all these drawbacks, this basin merits par- ticular attention. The coal is ex- cellent, burning rapidly with flame, and evolving great heat ; it is not difficult to raise, and its quantity is such as to be capable of diffusing the blessings of industrial prosperity over an extensive area." — Kane. The principal collieries are at Anna- hone, Coal Island, and Drumglass. In the neighbourhood of Dungan- non are Springfield (J. Irwin, Esq.) and Northland House, the seat of Lord Ranfurley. Conveyances. — Rail to Omagh and Portadown ; car to Cookstown. Distances. — Moy, 5 J m. ; Black- watertown, 8 ; Coal Island, 4J ; Stewartstown, 7 ; Cookstown, 11 ; Armagh, 13. Passing 31 m. Trew Stat., the line crosses the Blackwater, a consider- able stream, which receives at Moy the waters of the Ulster canal con- necting Lough Erne near Belturbet with Lough Neagh. [3 in. on rt. is Moy, a small town on the Blackwater, built by Lord Charlemont on the pattern of Marengo in Italy ; on the opposite bank of the river is Charlemont — "both of them places of importance in the days of Elizabeth. The latter was disgraced in 1011 by the treacherous murder of Lord Caul- field, the governor of Charlemont, by Sir Phelim O'Neil, who had been hospitably invited to supper. The castle, now a depot of the Ord- nance department, " is still of great strength, fortified with bastions, a dry ditch, a scarp, and counterscarp ; and there are 2 ravelins, one in front, the other in rear of the works, surrounded by a glacis which runs along the side of the Blackwater." In the neighbourhood are Rox- borough, the seat of Lord Charle- mont, and Church Hill (Sir W. Yerner, Bart.). 2 \ m. to the S., between the river and the Ulster Canal, is Blackicater- town, a large village doing a good deal of business in the way of coals and timber. Like Charlemont, it played an important part in the Tyrone rebellion temp. Queen Eliza- beth. 5 m. Armagh (Rte. 17.) A little higher up the river is the Castle of Benburb, on a lofty escarp- ment above the water, which sur- rounds it on two sides. Here O'Neill defeated the English army after a desperate battle in 1646. It does not present any interesting archi- tectural features.] 35 m. Anaglimore, from whence the line runs in view of the S. end of Lough Neagh to 41 m. Portadown (Rte. 3).] 28 m. at Fairy Water Bridge the main line crosses the Fairy Water close to its junction with the Stride, and keeps parallel with the latter river, occasionally crossing it, to 35 m. Neivtoivn Stewart (Hotel: Abercorn Arms). Here the Shrule river joins the Owenkillew, which rises in the lofty chain of the Munter- lony Mountains, and flows from E. to W. These hills, with the still higher ranges of the Sperrin Mountains, run E. as far as Maghera, and then turn round to the N. into the neighbourhood of Coieraine. Their southern faces are extremely steep, and the general altitude is not less than 2000 ft. — the highest point, Sawel, being 2246. The town of Newtown Stewart is finely situated on the side of a hill known by the pretty name of Bessy Bell (1386 ft.), the/ counterpart of which (though not so lofty) is the eminence of Mary Gray, on the rt. of the rly. The town is pleasant and Ireland. Route 7. — Strabane — Londonderry, ]»i ' is rendered attractive by roximity of Baron's Court, the princely estate of the Marquis of Al re >rn, in which hill, wood, and fiford many beautiful Land- ; - s. Jamc - 1 1, spent a night in \ t.iwn Stewart, and in return for tl: spitality received ordered the to be dismantled and the town be burnt— a blow which it was verinff. Like most north- i Irish towns, linen-weaving af- plenty of employment There - me forts which mmanded the bridges on the M ;. • . and Strule at Moyle. I the village of Gortin, I I' Itrim Castle Major Hamil- - . tntically placed in t < twenkillew, between »re 1262 ft. and L372 . . !. on ti.. ] h pg is Castle Derg, h the traveller can - anorlar and Rt . - . s. — Kail to Ennifikillen I - S thane, 11 m. ; LO. 1 >erg flows into the a it. the Sperrin Moun- ■ he la The latter nh toria Brid ; Stat Mills; ter iv< - in Big] I -clean '. like N - ". at the JU i Of 9 — th( M< urne and I inn. 1 by hrid* : from Mourne t ' the ! ] >e ri\ marked 1 con- ' alluvial land, ther illy ;' tliii whicn tble. taia the visitor, "who will speedily find out from his olfactory sens that the inhabitants are principally dependent on flax. Thisis, however, only offensive in the autumn, when the plant is being steeped and dri< ■! in all the fields of the neighbourhood, Strabane once possessed a castle built by the Marquis of Abercorn in the time of James I., but it has dj appeared, and has given place to a warehouse. The town has s<>mo claims to he called a port, as it is connected by a short canal with the navigable portion of the Foyle Pi p. 4911 . ( mveyances. — Kail to Deny and Enniskillen ; rail to Stranorlar ; cai to Sligo daily ; ear to Lett* rkenny ; ear to Ballybofey, through Castle- finn. Distances.— Deny. 15 m. ; Lifford, 1 ; Newtown Stewart, 11; Castle Finn, 0; Urney, ?>; Raphoe, 7; Letter- kenny, 16}; Rathmelton, 23; Manor Cunningham, 12; Stranorlar, 1:5. The line now pursues the ev< :i tenor of its way alone; the alluvial valley of the Foyle, which soon ■ lis out into a stately stream. 4S m. Torthall (J. Clarke, Esq.). Before arriving at 53 m. St. Johns- town Stat., we ] ■ - a 1. a square tower, all that is left of tin ( -tic of Montgevlin, in which James II. held his court till the termination "fill b of Deny. r>, in. Carrigans. The Foyle h< s the character of ;) riv< r, and becomes an estuary, increasing in width until we arrive at 61 m. tlic time-honoured city of Derry or Londonderry (Rte. 12) Hot* Is : Imperial, good ; F03 i . I;- situation is picturesque in the exfr< mo, the great bulk of the town being on a hill, 119 ft high, ovei look- ing the 1. bank of the I 3 Le, which h< re 1068 i't wide, l by b long rly. hrid: . It ds the ! 1 little below 1. idth of 1{ Ti logy of the hills i Q6 Route 7. — EnnislriUen to Dewy. Ireland. the river consists " of primary schis- tose rocks, spreading over the whole of the parish of Temple in ore (in which the city is situated), with the exception of a considerable detritic paten at Culmore, to the N.E., which probably conceals a part of the new red sandstone. Associated with these are occasional beds of granu- lar dimestone and greenstone." — Geot Survey. Previous to the reign of Elizabeth the history of Deny (in Irish borfte , the place of oaks) presents nothing remarkable, and is chiefly occupied with affairs ec- clesiastical, it having been one of the monasteries of St. Columb, the abbot of which, Flahertach O'Brolchain, was made first bishop of Deny in 1158. The last Roman Catholic bishop died in 1G01, up to which time the city " may be regarded as 1 1 ing in the hands of the native Irish, and governed by their chiefs, with at best but an occasional ac- knowledgment of British power." But all previous historical events are thrown into the shade by the great siege of Londonderry in 1G89, when King James's Irish army, under Rosen and Edward Hamilton, laid close siege to the city for 105 days, and tried their best, by the horrors of assault, famine, and pestilence, to reduce the courage of the brave Protestant de- fenders. The governor on this occa- si >n was the treacherous Lundy, who made many attempts to give up the city into the enemy's hands, and only succeeded in evading the rage of the garrison by escaping in the ■ so of a porter. The command was then taken by the Rev. George Walker, rector of Donaghmore, whose apostolic fervour and simple bravery will be the theme of admi- ration as long as religious liberty endures. The blockade was at length put an end to on the 2Gth of July, when the Mountjoy, a mer- chantman of Kirke's fleet, filled with stores, gallantly broke through the 1 airier placed across the Foyle, and relieved the starving garrison. " Five generations have passed away, and still the wall of Londonderry is to the Protestants of Ulster what the trophy of Marathon was to the Athe- nians. A lofty pillar, rising from a bastion which bore during manv weeks the heaviest fire of the enemy, is seen far up and down the Foyle. On the summit is the statue of Walker, such as when, in the last and most tender emergency, his eloquence roused the fainting courage of his brethren. In one hand he grasps a Bible ; the other, pointing- down the river, seems to direct the eyes of his famished audience to the English topmasts in the distant bay. Such a monument was well de- served ; yet it was scarcely needed ; for, in truth, the whole city is to this day a monument of the great deliverance. The wall is carefully preserved, nor would any plea of health or convenience be held by the inhabitants sufficient to justify the demolition of that sacred enclosure which, in the evil time, gave shelter to their race and their religion. The summit of the ramparts forms a pleasant walk. The bastions have been turned into little gardens- Here and there among the shrubs and flowers may be seen the old culverins which scattered bricks cased with lead among the Irish ranks. One antique gun, the gift of the Fishmongers of London, was distinguished during: the 105 me- morable days by the loudness of its report, and still bears the name of 1 Roaring Meg.' The cathedral is filled with relics and trophies. In the vestibule is a huge shell, one of many hundreds of shells which were thrown into the city. Over the altar are still seen the French flagstaves taken by the garrison in a desperate sally ; the white ensigns of the house of Bourbon have long- been dust, but their place has been supplied by new banners, the work of the fairest hands of Ulster. The- T: sd. Routt 7. — Londonderry — Bridge. C < of t Ik- day on which t" I and the anni- tlic day on which the tised, liavo been down to wn time celebrated by salutes, s, banquets, and sermons. - been executed in effigy, I the I siid by tradition to of Monmouth has on great n carried in triumph." — M '& Hist, of England. principal objects of intei ry arc the walls and itbe lral. T ieinal English ted by Sir Henry Docwra, Sir ( ir i PDoherty id the pr< sent town n - L mdone J 1 inline li; rophe. The | ! >nilt about 3357/., '! 1 were known touble B 9- which the were tened purpose of i - : the Royal advancing of the i it. in defiance of the nan's ! in- B . ' i. ion, — t of danger, it's s od Wat r B istion : and Ferry -till in . • div diteh, have I in i i - of tin. . < Tl lie ill.: Bhipqn 1 : and Castle Gate, lral stan the who d is iful F . [t 3 lral and either I arda - wit i ' rp. eh. in 1633 is commemorated in a tab] which runs as follows : — AXO DO CAB REGIS 1G33. If . stem* } , 1 . speake . Then . London's . pray so . SttOVld . BOVnde . Who . bviltc . this . chvreli . And . cittie . from . the . grovnde . Inserted into the top of this tablet is a smaller one with the inscription : — " h\ templo vents Dene Vereque Clemens." Amongst other curiosities are a b tmb-ahell tired into the town during the siege, as well as the poles of t. flags captured from the enemy. There arc also a couple of 17th it. tablets and monuments to the memory of Bishop Knox, and i Capt Boyd of the Ajax, who perished in the storm at Kingstown in 1860, while attempting to rescue others. TL tor should on no account forget to mount the top of the tower, which commands a noble panorama, embracing the city with the wal) Walker's Monument, the Bisho; Palace and Garden, the Gaol, ti. Lunatic Asylum, the Doeks, the noble expanse of the Poyle, hacked up by the distant outlines of the hills of Inishowen, while, looking up the rivt r, are the woods and E of Prehen, the scat of the family of Knox. The other buildii jrs worth notice are the ( rporati If. ill, in the middle of the Diamond or prin- cipal squar< I -art I of which is mo Lolled after the temple of Ett chtl at A • the Gaol, which is most . and d on I ir- cular plan, with a panoptic and the new Bi : . which sen b for the Northern Countii Rly. and a public ro ft 1.. supersede I the old timber bi which •v. " I L068 laid k-pil< s, the ] PL asunder, and were bound Uy G3 Route 7. — Ennisldllen to Berry. Ireland. divided and transversely bolted. As both the water and the gas were brought across the bridge, they had to be separated when- ever it was open for the , passage of barges." The whole of this singu- lar structure was put up by Lemuel Cox, a Boston American, at an ex- pense of 10,000/. (Pop. 20,875.) From the port of Londonderry a large colonial and coasting trade is carried on. It is, moreover, a calling-station for the North Ame- rican steamers from Liverpool, all the important telegrams being for- warded from Deny direct to Lon- don. The tonnage of the port in- creased in the four years from 1848 to 1852 from 147,212 to 215,409; and if the long-entertained project is ever brought to bear of uniting Lough Foyle with Lough S willy by a ship canal it will tend very much to place Derry in the fore- most rank of Irish ports. No antiquary should leave Derry without paying a visit to the Grianan of Aileach, an early remain situated on the summit of a hill 800 ft. high, about 5 m. from Derry, in the county of Donegal, and overlooking Lough Swilly. It consists of 3 ex- tensive concentric ramparts formed of earth mixed with uncemented stones, and enclosing in the centre a ■cashel. This is a circular wall, en- closing an area of 77 ft. in diameter, not quite perpendicular, but having a curved slope, like Staigue Fort in Kerry. On each side of the entrance gateway are galleries within the thickness of the wall, extending in length to one-half of its entire cir- cuit, though not communicating with the gateway, but having entrances from the area at their northern and southern extremities. In the centre of the area of the cashel are remains of a small oblong building— probably of a chapel — supposed to be of more recent erection than the other por- tion of the remains. Although, from the_ etymology of the word, some | writers have considered the Grianan of Aileach to have been a Temple of the Sun, it is more probable " that it was the palace of the northern Irish kings from the earliest age of his- toric tradition down to the com- mencement of the 12th centv." There is a fine view from the Grianan, of Loughs Foyle and Swilly, backed up by the Donegal mountains. The other antiquity is St. Co- lumb's stone, on the Greencastle- road, 1 m. from the town. This is a mass of gneiss, exhibiting the rude impress of 2 feet, and was one of the inauguration stones of the ancient chiefs of this district. Conveyances. — Rail to Enniskillen and Belfast ; rail to Buncrana ; car daily to Dungiven ; daily to Letter- kenny ; daily to Malin ; daily to Moville ; to Rathmelton 4 days a week. Distances. — Letterkenny, 20 m. ; Grianan, 5 ; Moville, '19; Buncrana, 13 J ; Eathmelton, 14^ ; Manor Cun- ningham, 14 ; Culmore, 5 ; Portrush, 26 ; Coleraine, 33 ; Strabane, 15. Excursions. — ■ 1. Grianan Aileach. 2. Moville. 3. Buncrana. 4. Down Hill. 5. Dungiven (Rte. 12). [Derry is the starting-point" for an excursion through the peninsula of Inishowen, famous for its poteen, and in more early and uncivilised times as being the stronghold of the descendants of Kinel Owen, a son of Nial of the Nine Hostages, who waged a constant and fierce war with the O'Dohertys, descendants of Connell Gulban. These latter, however, about the loth cent., dispos- sessed the older residents. The tourist can proceed either by rail to Fahan and Buncrana, or by road, which, for the first mile or so, runs along the side of the Foyle, but turns off to the 1. at Belmont (T. Macky, Esq.), in the grounds of which is the stone of St. Columb. It then passes I o. 22 7. — Buncrana — Carndonagli I I rrianan Aileach Mountain, ; it on 1., and strikes upon 1. _h Swilly at Glen Collan (T. in, Esq. , opposite the island I )h. 13] in. /» airrana {Hotel: Com- 3 a pleasant and pretty little bathing-place, situated on the - of 1. 'nuh Swilly. between achures of 2 rivers, the II and Crana, and at the base of agh Hill, which ris< - E„ and the Mouldy Moun- i 1021 ft. on the 8. It ] ssesc Little trade arising from flax- tnd the manufacture of - iodii head-quart* re of the artillery the district, em- l ue - r -. le and Swilly. A • ;' th( 0*Doh< rtj a is 1 with a modern and with its approaches picture - ine object. /' ' I iirndonagn, 12 m. ; Bat wat i r, H : Deny, s. — By rail to Deny. [1 ifi a pretty minor excursion to • and Head of Dunree 7 m. s thither running at tin of Agha- I Hill 11 I ft., and pass- rt and the ruin of B I D B i' rmination i 3 Hill cupying ■ rict of the Lnish- rming a p itral chain of Snaght. T. road tern . but the rx ! strian can le of it to Dun.. [guardian of the Loiil'Ii Swilly. It rthy of ration thai the I ' Hills v . vidently a con- the Glenalla Moun- '• c isi prior to the irruption of th< - which now I :_ . Swilly. : y of the coast is wild an id the hills rise with Le abni] from t shon\ The road from Buncrano to Carndonagli follows up the valley of the Owen Crana for some distance, giving off at Carroghill Bridge n branch road to the villages of Du- nally and Ballyliffin on the X. coast. It then passes a tarn known as Mintiagh's Lough, ami strii into the heart of the mountains between Slieve Snaght ^"Ilill of Snow "\ 2010 ft., on the rt.,and tho (Jrris Hills on the 1. -o.V m. Carndonagli, is a neat little town, which principally sup- plies the commissarial of the Enish- OWen district. There is, however, but little to see, save across opposite the ch.-yard. From hence it is L9 m. by the direct road to Londonderry, and 3 m. to the village of Malm, which is situated at the head of the estuary of Trawbreaga Bay, an extensive sandy pill, that joins Lough Swilly, past the dreary dunes of Dough Isle. At its embouchure are Glashedy Island and the 15 Rocks, together with Carrickabraby Castle, another of the O'Dohertys' ruined fortalices. Adjoining Malm is Malin Hall (J. Hawby, Esq.% Bald to be the most northerly resi- dence in Ireland. m. N.E. of the village is Malin Head, one of the famous aortherly promontories that are so conspicu- ous to passeng< re by the Montreal uners. It is of no gn at height, but the coast La exceedingly line, and a .-ciamble along the cliffs from the Five Fingers to the Head will amply repay the lov< r of stern rock BCenery. On the head is a Lighthouse and coastguard station, 1 a little way oil* shore is the group of the Garvan Hills. Another light ifl exhibited on the island • f Inishtrahull, some <; m. \<> the X.K., ;i precaution very i" c y along this stormy i B tw< < □ Malin and Glengard ' !■ ads the cliffs are very magnificent, being upwards - ft. in height, and resembling : Moh( c i;. I I re, though 70 "Route S. — SVkjo to Strabanc. Ireland. not presenting the same sheer wall of precipice. From the village of Malin a road of 4 m. runs to CuldafY, where the river of the same name runs into the sea. CuldafY House is the seat of G. Young, Esq. From hence it is 9 J m. to Movillc {Hotd: Commercial), a watering- place which the citizens of Deny love to frequent in the summer. A pretty place it is, for, in addition to the sheltering ridges of the Squire's Cairn and Craignamaddy at the back, it commands the fine outlines of Benyevenagh and Keady, beyond Newtown Limavadcly, and is more- over enlivened by the constant stream of shipping entering and leaving the port. It is a favourite excursion to Inishowen Head 6 m., passing about halfway the old fortress of the ODohertys at Greencastle, together with the modern fort that commands the entry of the Lough and M'Gilligan Point. Conveyances. — A steamer plies from Deny during the summer months. Car to Deny daily. Distances. — Deny, 18 m. ; CuldafY, "9 .j : Inishowen, 6 ; Greencastle, 3. The road from Moville to Deny keeps nearly the whole distance ■close to the shores of the Lough, passing 8 m. the village of Carrow- keel, where the Cabry river is crossed, and a road to Carndonagh given off. At this point the estuary of the Foyle is at its broadest. 13 m., adjoining the village of Muff, is Kilderry, the seat of G. Hart, Esq. Here the Buncrana road runs in, passing, between Muff and Bunfort, Miltown House, and skirt- ing the base of the picturesque Scalp Mountain, 1589 ft. Soon after leav- ing Muff the traveller sights the Fort of Culmorc, and guesses, from the number of pretty villas that border the road and shore, that he is approaching Deny.] ROUTE 8. FROM SLIGO TO STRABANE, THROUGH BALLYSHANNON AND DONEGAL. Slicfo (Etc G) (Hotels: Imperial and Victoria, the latter the best) is an important seaport town of some 10,700 Inhab., in close neighbour- hood to scenerv such as falls to the lot of very few business towns. The tourist in search of the pictu- resque cannot do better than take np his quarters here for a time. It is remarkably well situated in the centre of a richly-wooded plain, encircled on all sides, save that of the sea, by lofty mountains, the ascent of which commences from 3 to 4 m. of the town, while on one side of it is a lake almost equal in beauty to any in Ireland, and on the other a wide and sheltered bay. The connexion between the two is main- tained by the broad river Garogue, issuing from Lough Gill, and emptying itself, after a course of nearly 3 m., into Sligo Bay. It is crossed by 2 bridges joining the parish of St. John (in which is the greater portion of the town) with that of Calry on the N. bank. The Port, in which a good deal of business is carried on, was considerably improved by the forma- tion of the Ballast Bank Quay, 2250 ft. long, where vessels drawing 13 ft. water can moor, while those of larger draught can anchor safely in the pool. The approaches to the port are admirably lighted by 2 fixed lights on a small rock called Ovster Island, on which is also a beacon known as the Metal Man, and a 3rd placed further out on the Black Bock. The town itself, although con- taining several important buildings, cannot be admired for its general arrangement, or for the cleanliness of its streets, though it must be al- lowed that they are better kept than in many larger cities. The antiquities LSD. Route 8. — Sligo — KnocJcnarea, I withstanding the im- that Sligo anc. Sligeach a i arly as 1-1- by the - ; of Maurice Fitzgerald, Earl Kildare, who founded a castle 1 abb ) . Both were subsequently I, first by O'Donell in 1270, in by Mac William Burgh, _■ rebuilt by the Karl of inner there are no s, Sligo was also the scene 1041, when it was taken and ; •:,« 1 for a time by the Parlia- miy under Sir Charles ( the Abbe are just 1 the Imperial 1 loto : . Ti e ch., I aid first founde I, ^ I by fire in 1 II 1. and " for it- n XXII. in-anted l 11 who should v: >ntribute towards the expei •uildii. ] insists 1. 1 choir with central support -1 at the ion by lofty poinl Tl I on the S. by 5 lv pointed windows, and E. by an exquisitely tracerie 1 window. It an with ' ipartn ents 1 • a mural monument • I I < Sonnors, on i with his \ the choir a ii leads to a rode \ith the graveyard. >of underneath mall arches which l« t\\< en i; Lng and ■ I • f the 8. landing, with octangular Tl another altar-tomb intiful design, 161G. On tl». N the cloi ea, • ach of which 18 beautifully-worl ibout 1 it. in height The ly the pillars, which ich in «1 of th< i 1 on the iii-id' cloitit . -. ... of the Irish examples, differ from the cloisters of our English cathedrals in their small dimensions, and in the fact that the interior passage is filled with gravestones, sugg< thai they were intended more for burial purposes than for a promenade or ambulacrum. The Ch. of St. John is a cruciform Perp, ch., with a massive tower at the W. end. The parapet carried all round it gives a singular effect. The only other building in the town worth notice is the Lunatic Asylum. ( mveyances. — Uly. to Boyle, Car- rick, Longford, and Mullingar. Car daily to Westport through Ballina and Castlebar; daily to Ballyshan- non, Donegal, and Strabane; daily to Manor Hamilton and Enniskillen; daily to Tobercurry. Distances.— Boyle, 23$ m.: Car- rick, 33; Ballinafhd, 19£; Longford, 54J-; Ballysadare, 5; Markree, s i ; I Ilooney, 6] ; Ballina,;)? ; Dromore, 21 : Lough Gill, by water, 2^: Dro- mahaire, 11: Hazelwood, 3; Manor Hamilton, 14 ; Enniskillen, 39 ; Glen, Ah ; Ballyshannon, 25J ; Drumclifjf, 5; Knocknarea, 5; Benbulben, 8; Cliffoney, 14. Excursions. — 1. To the hill and glen of Knoek- li:il 2. Lough Gill. 1 1 tllj -.tdaiv and Markree (Bte. l- . !. Benbulben. 5. Glencar. . [I. To Knocknarea t 5 m., a sin- gular truncated hill of carboniferous umestone which occupies the greater portion of the promontory between Sligo I »= « > and Ballysadare Bay, and which, from it- extraordinary form and abrupt < Bcarpments, is a great tmv iii all Bligo and Doneg I vi< a a. ,\ i. ad runs round the whole the base of it, making the circuit aboul ll in., passing on th< \. side ( //■ . the at of t Ormsby family. Winding round K locknari a, the toui it overloo] 70 Route 8. — Sligo to Strabane. Ireland. Culleenamore (J. Barrett, Esq.), and soon arrives at the Glen of Knocknarea. This is an ex- ample of disrupted strata so common in limestone districts, and is as ro- mantic as can well be conceived. It consists of a deep chasm, J m. long and 30 ft. broad, bounded on each side by vertical cliffs about 40 ft. in height, and overgrown and over- shadowed in every direction with trees and trailing underwood. A walk rims through the defile, at the entrance of which is a charming little cottage ornee, embedded in flowers, and commanding a splendid prospect over Ballysadare Bay. Regaining the road, the tourist can easily ascend Knocknarea, although it is steep and sometimes slippery. The summit, on which is an enormous cairn visible far and wide, com- mands a magnificent panoramic view, embracing on the N. the Donegal Mountains with the scarred pre- cipices of Slieve League and the pro- montory of Malin Head. Further E. the visitor traces the gap of Barnes- more bevond Donegal. Eastwards are the limestone ranges of Benbulben, Truskmore, and the Manor Hamilton hills, with the wooded banks of Lough Gill and the Slish Mountains nearer home. S. are the Curlew Mountains, and more westward the numerous ranges which intervene be- tween Sligo and Ballina, overtopped in clear weather by the conical heights of Nephin and Croagli Patrick at West- port. Due W. the eye traces a long, line of coast of JCrris as far as the Stags of Broadhaven ; Avhile just un- derneath one's feet is a perfect map of 81 ig< », witli the bay, islands, and light- houses, and the long sandy peninsula of Elsinore. On the southern side La Ballysadare, witli its numerous estuaries : on the furthest shore the woods of Carrowmorc (the residence of Richard Olpherts, Esq ) ; on the northern bank of the estuary is Sea- field (W. Phibbs, Esq.). Knocknarea forms the northern escarpment of that large tract of lower limestone that extends from Galway through Mayo and Sligo, and the geologist will find in its shales many charac- teristic fossils, and especially corals. He may return to Sligo by a more southerly road, passing 1. Bathcarrick (Mrs. Walker), and rt. Cloverhill (W. Chalmers, Esq.) The antiquary may visit the ch. of Killuspugbrone, built by St. Patrick for Bishop Bronus in the 5th cent. It has a semicircular-headed doorway, placed in the S. wall, and not in the W., according to the usual custom.] [2. The visitor will of course make an excursion to Lough Gill, which is considered by manv, though on a small scale, to be almost equal to Killarney. A little steamer plies every 2nd day to the head of the lake, returning on the next. This is the best way of seeing it; but if the steamer does not suit, a row-boat may be engaged above the bridge. The 2 J m. of the river that intervenes between the town and the lake is lined by a suc- cession of lawns and beautiful woods. Close to the town on the N. bank is the Glebe House, succeeded by the noble demesne of Hazehvood (Bight Hon. John "Wynne, M.P.), one of the finest and most charming estates in Ireland. The domain, which is remarkable for the richness and variety of its wood, extends for seve- ral miles on both sides of the river and lake, and includes, besides Hazelwood proper, the estates of Percy Mount, the former residence of Sir Richard Gethin, and Hollywell (formerly Hon. Bcv. J. Butler) on the northern shore. The mansion of Hazelwood is situated on a tongue of land be- tween the river and the lake. The great ornament of this estate is the remarkably fine timber, on winch Mr. Wynne has expended many years of careful culture. He has introduced, amongst others, the yew and the arbutus, which flourish in great abundance, increasing the similarity Ireland. 7? mte 8. — Lough GUI — Dromahaire, 73 the foliage to thai of Killarney, Within the deer-park the antiquary w;il find a stone enclosure called 1. a. -lit Con Mir Ruis, "the stone of Con, the sod of Rush." The central .~>o ft. long by 25 wide, and • •i. i (till i> about 5 in. in Length \\ broad, and is situated in a surrounded on all Bides by oils, I "ii the S. being rug and precipitous. Tin- range consists ; 900 t't. and Blish Mountain 9 7 , having a gneissic sing int<» granite, wh( lark rocks contrast admirably with e lake shores. • ral islands, many of i planted by Mr. Wynne. The air Cottage Island ,t tin- entrance, and Church Island in tre : the latter contains some t ruins. Both localities art- the of picnic parties from particularly favoured in aving such a Lovely rendezvous. For I driving, the Lake -♦•.•n .a advantage by a 9 f ( 3 M amtaili [which ended by every visitor . as it i- near the town, of easy I nuiiiiiaiida magnificent It then | ■ —' - < 'aini.-loot inor, Esq. . Abbej view — Phillips, I Isq. . and Ci*-\ adjoining the I [azel- rood don i descends a of the lake, running romantic glen be- Daeane and Blish Ballintogh p. " From •k rising out of the woo 1 3 thi shores oJ I / Gill, and which is about a mile E. of the new Ballintogher entrant to Hazelwood, perhaps the l» >t view is obtained. The rock- is just that height which exhibits the limited area of the lake, its short and little islands, to most advan- tage." — Frasi r. 10 m. Dromahaire, a small town on the rt. bank of the Bonet river, which, rising in the hills mar Manor Hamilton, drains all that part of the country and falls into Lough Gill. There are several remains here that will interest the antiquary. The old Hall, the property of (';. Lane Fox, Esq., occupies the site of a castle of the O'Bourkes, chiefs of tin's district. The former building, however, was made use of in lhlM by Sir William Villicrs to erect a baronial mansion under a patent from the Duke of Buckingham, by which he was granted 11,500 acres of land in Dromahaire. It lias been con- siderably modernised, but contains some traces of its old importance. On the opposite side of the river, close to Friarstown (J. Johnstone, Esq. . are remains of the abbey of Crevelea, founded for Franciscan- by Margaret, wife of O'Rourke, in 15 v . and dissolved in James I.V reign. Oltourke's tomb, with his effigy, is .-till visible, together '"with some curious figures over the graves of the Bforroughs, Cornins, and other-." \'>< si lefl th( BS remains there are also a ruined ch. on the hill-side, the foundation of which i> attributed to Bt Patrick, and a castle nearer the lake, known a- Harrison's C'a>tle. Distances. — Bligo, l<» m.; Manor Hamilton, i» . ; 1 tarumkeeran, B 'Die tourist should return to Bligo on the N. side of the lake, passi in. from Dromahaire the rains of Newton-Gore, the manorial ■ fete o] sir Robert Gore Booth, I ; it. Prom hence the road I., i tic back of iioiivweii and Bazel- woo i to Bligo 6 m. The whole "t thi- circuit will be about 20 dl It Route 8. — Sligo to Strabane. Ireland. may be mentioned, for the benefit of the angler, that the fishing in the longh is excellent, bnt application for permission must be made to the owner.] .V ear leaves Bianconi's coach- office daily for Donegal and Stra- ta? le. The road runs past the harbour, and soon rises into somewhat high ground, as it cuts across the neck of the Elsinore promontory. 1 m. rt. is Mount Shannon (F. M. Olpherts, Esq.), and a little further on rt. 1 m. are Doonally House fK. C. Parke, Esq.), and Willowbrook, a residence of W. O. Gore, Esq., M.P. The whole of the road from Sligo to Cliffony and Bundoran is carried be- tween the sea and a long range of mountains, which, from their sudden rise from the plain, their fine escarpments, and their plateau-like summits, are marked features in the landscape. The general arrange- ment of these hills is that of an amphitheatre of which the northern point is Benbulben (1722 ft.), suc- ceeded by King's Mountain (1527), Truskmore (2113), Keelogyboy (1430). To the S. of them are the basin of Lough Gill, with the plain and town of Sligo. These limestone ranges offer good finds to the botanist, yiz. Aspidium lonchitis, Asplenium viride, Poa alpina, Oxyria reniformis, Saxifraga vigoides, Arenaria ciliata, Draba ii. ana, Melanopsis Cambrica, &c. 5 m. rt. is the pretty little ch. of Drumcliff (anc. Druim-chliabh), tiding on the bank of the river of the same name, which here enters Drum cliff Bay. A monas- tery founded by St. Columb existed here in 590, and was made into a liopric, afterwards, however, trans- ferred to Elphin. The traces of its former greatness are now limited to two beautiful sculptured crosses in the ch.-yard, and the broken base of a round tower on the opposite side of the road and adjoining the glebe. £ A road on 1. keeps along the N". side of Drumcliff Bay through the village of Carney to 4 m. Lissadell, the seat of Sir Robert Gore Booth, Bart., M.P., who has been most suc- cessful in demonstrating how much can be done to improve and beautify a coast so exposed to the fury of the Atlantic and devastated by sand- heaps as this is. If the pedestrian can afford the time, he will be in- terested in this wild promontory, and will be repaid by an excursion round it, rejoining the high road at Grange. On the shore, close to Lissadell, are the scanty ruins of Dunfort Castle, while those of Ardtermon are about 1 m. further on, close to the miserable fishing village of Eaghly. There is here, near the shore, a singular open basin called the Pigeon-holes, into which the tide rushes with great force through subterranean channels, and, as might be expected, under strong westerty winds, exhibits extraordinary effects. The district to the N. of this is completely overrun with sand, and doubtless many a dwelling and per- haps buildings of more importance, as the churches at Perranzabuloe in Cornwall, have been buried here. As it is, there are sufficient ruins of churches and castles to make it a Tadmor in the wilderness.] [6 m. a road on rt. branches off to Manor Hamilton 15 m. (Rte. 6) through the vale of Glencar, one of the most beautiful and romantic spots in the whole country. It traverses a narrow defile, following the course of the Drumcliff river between the King's Mountain and some equally lofty mountains on the S. At 4 m. the source of the river is reached at Glencar Lough, a lovely sheet of water lying at the very base of the mountains. Here is a fine waterfall 300 ft. in height, the water of which, the visitor may chance to be told in Sligo, runs up hill, a state of things explained by the curious fact "that I Route 8. — Cliffony — Bundoran. 75 wl ■■ wind blows strongly from s. the water is prevented from GHencar is a justly rite excursion from Sligo, from ;i new road has been made. 1 beyond Glencar Lough limits through an equally fine the little ch. of Killasnet Ifanor I [amilton.] At 1" in. Qra g the corner of B ubulbcn is rounded, and the - gradually retreat further inland towards Lough Melvin. seller will notic «ne lit it' tli. . the island of / 9} ;. famous for its potheen, taining a ancient mo- in a circular stone ch. w as di dicated to SI M< flash, of the date of the built with a cement : but the residences of the 1 without any k s arch, with dome 1 without any cement In interior is a wooden image of sunt. From Qrangi singu- larly straight road runs for miles iund overlook! • Clij 11 m., where the tourist -ted in 1 improvements •t those made by Lord in 1 h s. [nd< it lent t<» ly. or not, that the ad in ire in enl other and ve high water, with a noise that is perfectly deafening. This is the scene of the Balmon-leap. '•Tit salmon that drop down in August and September return again up the same river in the months of spring, and this can only l>e ac- mplished by an ascent of the tall at Ballyshannon. Traps arc laid in different parts of the fall, with funnel-shaped entrances, into which the BalmoD Bwim, and are preserved until required for the market : in- tervals also left between the ps, through which the fish reach the t<>p of the tall by a spring of at 1 1 tt. in height, though it is at r that i lene of Leaping 1 with th< test tivitv. ' — Wriqht. The fishery is very id is rented by I hr. Sheil, i application must be made for 1' • ti>h. Anglers :<]■< , how- sn numerous, that it is not al able tor the proprietor t<> permission. The antiquary II find, in the parish ofKilbarron, in which the N. pari ofBallyshannon i- situated, no Lees than 11 Danish and between :'» and 4 m. to the N. W. the ruin- ofKilbarron Castle, • ess of th< I • < l< rys, 1 in their day for their .-kill iii - and history. ( )£ I" ther Michael O ' the 1< ader of the illustrious f the Four Ma.-ters. It >d a precipitous rock at the of th. A Little to tie V ^ this is O olmore, fre- thing-place. On the n about } m. from the town , vi tionof wall of tl 1 1 founded in 1 1 71* by Rod* ric Prince of TirconneL A lerable trad* irri< d on on, and many iin] -: « » le by Ool < fcraolly, IlL'll the I the nth i injuriously to • Pop. 3197 wpeyances* — Donegal daily, also to Sligo : twice a day to Enniskillen and Bundoran. Distances, Sligo, 25J m. ; ]>undo- ran, 4 ; Donegal, L3j ; Ballintra, 6£; B< Lleek, U ; Enniskillen, 27 ; lvt- tigoe, 17 ; Manor Hamilton, 19 ; Gar- rison, 9. Excursions, — 1. To Bclleek and Rapids (Rte. 6). 2. Ballintra and the Pullins. The route from Ballyshannon to Donegal is through a dreary unin- teresting country. 28] m. 1. Oavan Garden, the seat of T. J. Atkinson, Esq. 32 m. is the village of Ball intra, in the neighbourhood of which the mountain limestone is very Largely developed. Near it is Brown Hall (J. Hamilton, Esq. . through the grounds of which the Ballintra river flows in a very singular manner. The locality ia called the Pullins. "It is formed by the course of a mountain torrent which runs nearly a mile through a most picturesque ravine shaded by a mass of deep wood. A solid bed of limestone seems to have been cleft from 30 to 40 ft, in depth, and in this narrow fissure, often turning at a very acute angle, the river foams along, frequently disappearing in caves, when its course passes under the rock for a considerable space. "It seemed Borne mountain rent and riven \ < bannel f<>r the stream had given, ligb thf clifia <»t Limestone e Hung beetling o'er the torrent's way." Rokeby* After a course again of J DO. through ,i meadow, the river reassumes its wild character, bnt with increased magnifta uce. It sudd< oly descends about 60 ft. in a deep chasm, the rocks actually m< eting overhead, while precipitous wall bounds it od eith< r side : it then em< rges und< i b perfect Datura! bridge, and, turning suddenly, its app< ara op< uing upon the : in the di 'i either le b p rp« udicular rock extends in straight Line to Ballintra, the rivei 78 Rotite 8. — Sligo to Str ethane. Ireland. occupying the entire space between these walls." — Hall. 34Jm.Coxtown(J. Hamilton, Esq.), and a little further on the village of La gin/, to the 1. of which are Belle Isle (A. H. Foster, Esq.), and, on an island at the entrance of Do- negal Bay, St. Email's, the seat of John Hamilton, Esq. 39 m. Donegal (Dun na Gall) (Kte. 9) {Hotel: Dillon's), a small county town of about 1550 Inhab., is prettily situated at the mouth of the Esk and the head of the bay of Donegal. The numerous shoals and difficulties of approach have how- ever interfered sadly with its position as a port, the business done here being very small. The principal ob- ject of interest is the ruined castle of the O'Donells. " Tyrconnel is the Celtic name of Donegal ; meaning the Land of Connel, who was son to Nial of the 9 Hostages, a monarch of Ireland of ancient fame, from whom descended the O Don ells of Done- gal. James I. conferred in 1602 the title of Earl of Tyrconnel and Baron Donegal on Roderick O'Donell, one of this race ; but it was lost to the family from the want of male issue." — Dublin Univ. Mag. In 1587 O'Do- nell held his castle in defiance against the English government, who, not having sufficient force to send against him, captured him by stratagem. A vessel was sent to the coast laden with wine, the effects of which w r ere too powerful for the chief, who had rashly accepted the hospita- lities of the captain. He was bound, when drunk, and carried to Dublin Castle, from which, however, he even- tually escaped. The castle of Donegal is a beautiful Elizabethan building, combining defensive with domestic purposes, and consists of a tall gabled tower with 2 bartizan turrets, of which only one is perfect. It is more than probable that it was re- built by Sir Basil Brooke, to whom a grant was made in 1610. The prin- ' cipal apartment is lighted by a very , fine mullioned window, and contains a grand sculptured chimney-piece with the arms of Brooke and Leicester, below which may be noticed the ball- flower. Beneath this hall is a lower room with a rudely vaulted roof, the stones placed edgeways. In the other portion of the castle are a fine round- headed window-arch and a pointed doorway. The situation overlooking the Esk is very charming, and the castle, together with the old-fashioned garden — " A garden wild, Where mix'd jonquils and gowans grow, And roses 'midst rank clover blow" — make up a lovely picture. It now belongs to the Earl of Arran. The Abbey, founded for Francis- can friars in 1474 by Hugh Koe, son of O'Donell, occupies a rocky position by the river-side. There is enough left to show that it was a large cruciform church, with pro- bably a central tower. It has the remains of a good Dec. E. window, and also one in the S. transept. On the N. of the ch. are the cloisters, of which 7 arches remain on the E. and 6 on the N. They were of the same height and character as those of Sligo (p. 71). In this abbey were compiled the famous 'Annals of Donegal,' better known under the title of the 'Annals of the Four Masters,' of whom Father O'Clery, of Kilbarron, was the chief. The object of this compilation was to detail the history of Ireland up to the time in which they lived, in- cluding all local events, such as the years of foundations and destructions of churches and castles, the obituaries of remarkable persons, the inaugu- rations of kings, the battles of chiefs, the contests of clans, &c. " A book, consisting of 1100 quarto pages, be- ginning with the year of the world 2242, and ending with the year of our Lord's incarnation 1616, thus covering the immense space of 4500 years of a nation's history, must be dry and meagre of details in some, 1 kland. Bouie 8. — Lough Easke— Lough Mour 70 it" not in all. parta of it And al- though the learned compilers had at tin ir disposal, or within _ their ■h, an immense mass el* historic ils, still tlie circumstances under wrote were so unfavour- t luii they appear to have ex< r- und discretion, and one it with the economy of time - rc< 3, when they left of our \-i ry early history in the safe ke< ping of Bueh ancient from remote ag 1 them, and collected mid make room for in \re modern tin entful tiii h tin y lived themselves."— ■t ch. is in the prin- and has a pr< tty Bjjire ua body. A Diss nti ■ I a which mi. ly 1"' at! builder not corn- el the iin; error of up the best view of the ( ?.— To Sligo daily; to laily : to Killy aily. ■ m. : Ballh v-shani Btranorlar, 17 ; ii« smi I 3, 17 ; I 7 Houi t( lea,4; ( arrick, D ^ Us . — 1. I I D the road now ' inland and fol- Bsk. The (U- • 1 allows full \ to the 1.. of th( ( M tinua- d which comment \ On- ly opj Gap of Barnesmore, and happy the traveller who gets through it on ■a lino day without the usual ac- companiment Of wind and rain, or " muht" as it is termed in Donegal. A most exquisite landscape opens out on the L, in which the blue wan Lou.uii Ka>ke till up the basin at i foot of the hills; and on its banks arc the woods and groves of Lough Easke Bouse, the beautiful seat of T. B oki . Esq. : also the denu sne n[' Ardnamona (G. 0. Wray, Esq.). ( )n an island near the B. bank arc the mins of O'DonelTs tower, said fco have been used by chiefs of that clan as a place of confinement. Poly- podium phegopteris and Asplenium viride grow near the waterfall at tho laki g on after quitting the neighbour- id of the Lough Easke, the road cross< - the Lowerymore river and « ut. cs the Gap of Barnesmore, a narrow mountain pass, on either of which rises abruptly Barnesm 1 191 ftA and Groagh Oonellagh 1724). When the day is fine and clear, the drive up to the watershed is v L5 vi. Bt . 7 .] i )m l crossed near its nth. On rt. i> Riversdale Major \ rchdall), and further on arc the fad 11. Richardson, Esq. . The viewsfrom this road are much finer than can be obtained n the Ballyshannon road, as it ibraces all tin- cliff and hill scen< rv • W. shore. The estates too on if fine and beautifully wood( d, particular] • itle A I A -lidall, M.l\ and B ' pt. Irvin. At 1 1 in. /. - ick % a road - in from Lowtherstown or in. distant Clo \ | H.M.I t'Arcy Irvin- . 1 a . l."> JUL A >Tli;tl I place QQ tllC ri\ same name, containing • Y- r to inten >t the tra- v. lb r. I ontry now begins to I wilder, an and dreary • hills stretching from < tmagh l ;. i - : i ': ghbourhood of The K« -a river ris - ;• LOm I a:,. VIA in the hills of D I a • < meHy H 1 W. Barton, 1 soon which the toui A Inn: B milton'e , the r J ar •rth bank of Lough Erne, op- po.-iN' t narrow Ik>a Island. joe ie in the parish of T- r tin- id. be-houi ■ »f 1\ rmon Ma- with drcul • • • have • M M • th, I r : was bat I ton in the Par- war. I I ♦•a sanctuary — M ii ch. h to its c< the bishop, to endow it with certain properties for the maintenance of the clergy connected with the establish- ment. To these 1 lands, which were denominated Erenach or Termon lands, various privileges were an- nexed ; they were exempt from all lay charges, and became sanctuaries, and were in some respects equivalenl to our glebe-lands*" Waterfoot is the seat of II.W. Barton, Esq. Notwithstanding the Beeming insignificance of IVtti- . it is the rendezvous of half the devotees in Ireland, who at certain Si mis throng the place on their way to Lough Derg, which lies about 4£ m. to the X., in as wild and forbidding a mountain region a> can well be imagine d. " It is said that no road is constructed here, lest the devo- tions of the pilgrims should be inter- rupted by the presence of too many heretics. Nothing can he more de- Bolate than the landscape around Loch Derg. Barren heathy hills surround it on every side, possessing neither form nor elevation to give the slightest interest to the scene." — Inglis. The lake itself is 6 m. long and 4 broad, and contains several rocky inlands, the largest of them, the Station Island, being the Bcene of the annual visit of 10,000 unfor- tunate people, who journey hither from all parts of Ireland, and even the Continent, to undergo penance in St. Patrick's purgatory. Prom the l-t of dune to the 15th of Augusl is the time prescribed for their religious ceremonies, and the number of visitors at this period varies from 10,000 to 15,000. A ferry-boat, for the charge of 6d. a head, convey^ the deVOteOS to the Station Island, which is aboul hall mile from the shore. Even this spot of ground is only a few yda at, and is covered with modi rn building including chapels and accommod ti'.n for penitenta M In tin- vicinity of thi i number pf oir- cul walla, from 1 to - ft, in ight, called tin 3 8 lints' I'eni- E 3 82 "Route 9. — Ennislcillen to Killybegs. Ikeland. tential Beds ; and around these, on the hard and pointed rocks, the peni- tents pass upon their bare knees, repeating a certain form of prayer at each/' — Holy Wells of Ireland. It would be foreign to a Handbook to describe the details of the ceremonies, accounts of which can be obtained in other works on Ireland. The geologist will notice the change from the limestones of Lough Erne to the extensive region of mica slates, which from this point em- braces nearly the whole of the N.W. portion of the kingdom. The very vegetation in the neighbourhood of Lough Derg attests the change, and cannot fail to strike the intelligent observer. From Pettigoe a wild mountain road passes under the base of Knock- adrin 752 ft., and Oughtnadrin 1057 ft., falling into the Bally shannon road at Laghy village, from whence it is 3J m. to Donegal (Kte. 8). Hotel : Dillon's. A car leaves Done- gal every morning for Killybegs, dis- tance 23 m. From the bridge over the Easke the tourist obtains the best view of Donegal Castle, and the road then crosses the head of the bay, affording very pretty coast scenes overlooking Doorin and St. John's Promontories. 40 m. Mountcharles, a large vil- lage, built on the side of a steep hill. Facing the sea is the Hall, a property belonging to the Mar- quis of Conyngham, but generally occupied by his agent. Arrived at the top of the hill, it will be seen that the road cuts off the neck of Doorin Promontory, and descends a long hill to Inver, 49 m., which is conspicuous for a coTisiderable dis- tance from its pretty ch. spire em- bosomed in woods. Notwithstand- ing the tediousness of these hilly roads, the tourist will rarely find the time hang heavy, for the views of the Donegal mountains are superb. To his rt. he has the ranges of Blue Stack, Silver Hill, Benbane, and Mul- mosog, extending from Barnesmore Gap on the E. to Ardara on the W. ; while, in front of him is the mighty mass of Crownarad beyond Killy- begs, and (seen from some points) the distant precipices of Slieve Liagh or League. At Inver the Eanybeg river is crossed in its course from Silver Hill to the sea. In the woods to the rt. is Bony glen, used as a fishing-lodge. The road again ascends and cuts off the St. John's Point, a singular narrow stretch of land that runs out to sea for some distance, and is terminated at the extremity by a fixed lighthouse. 53 m. Dunkineely, a decayed-look- ing village of one street, from which the traveller will be not loth to emerge. A little further on are the ch. and glebe-house of Kil- laghtee, overlooking the strand of M'Swyne's Bay. This district was formerly possessed by the M'Swynes, a very powerful sept, whose castle, a square massive tower, still exists close to the sea. There is a pretty bit of landscape at Bruckless, where the river Corker flows past a miniature pier, mill, and mansion embosomed in trees. Crossing the next high ground, we descend upon the most charming of land-locked bays, on one side of which, completely sheltered from storms, is 59 m. Killybegs (anc. Cealha- beaga) (Bte. 10), a clean plea- sant little seaport, which, without any pretensions to the dignity of a watering-place, will, as far as situa- tion goes, well repay a visit. (Hotels : Coane's and Kogers' ; both comfort- able. ) The tide comes up to the doors of the houses, although the harbour is a complete refuge from its being so sheltered. At the en- trance to the bay is a lighthouse, and on the western shore are the wooded grounds and residence of the in- cumbent (Kev. W. Lodge), together with the remnants (very slight) of a castle and of a ch„ overgrown with Irela] 7? uie 9, — Kilcar— Slieve League. S3 . and not i aing any markable feature b. The \ isitor - iould inspect the schools built by Air. Murray, which are as well Lered as they are of pretty and ' 5. — Car to Donegal ly. I , s v . — Donegal, 23 m, : [nver, inkan< Ardara, 1<> ; -. 16 : Pintragh, 2 ; Kilcar, ; ( ' . 9 : Sli< \ I., ague, 12 ; Malinnx.iT, 17. . — 1. Kj ar. < nick and Slieve I „ue. Id now tak< (as tic ■ public c plore t iit disti Kill . which, - ar as [ual to anythi i ;, and - tO be 11 known. i brings us down I _ '. Bay, overhung by mount iin known as 1, L619 \ Pintragh House Et. 1 1 tnilton, Esq. I sea-vi re very exntesive as _■ the elevate d road, • whole i from the doran to S ind f Erris and Tyrawl I ahull. and Tnu particularly con- rillage i hill, at the fool of which is la brawling picture. As the n a>- hills again, tin- _rir-t will not i<-« • the hcapnof 1 - d and i iin - to i pooL i per- i. but it ia | darly ad wild moorland - In. I /;, ;u, highland village, situated on the hank of the Teelin river, and at I t'ooi of the gigantic mass of Slit Liagh or League, which rises to 1972 ft., and has a very prominent and peculiar edge. The tourist should make Carrick his head-quart at the pleasant little hotel, built by Mr. Conolly, MP., where lie will find great cleanliness and civility, with peculiar advantages for explor- ing a district teeming with coast and mountain beauty. J Ttstano g. — BjUybegs,9 m. ; Glen, 6 : Ardara by Qlengeask, 1-i ; Slieve 1 , igue, 2}. For the ascent of the latter moun- tain, the tourist had better take a guide, more tor the purpose of saving tun< than because there any danger ; for the outlying ridg are so boggy and deceptive li a straight cut is especially to be guarded against. For about 1 m. the road follows the (ilen or Teelin river, which like that at Killyto speedily changes from a mountain torrent into a landlocked bay of .it beauty. On the rt. hank is Roxborough, the residence of Rev. P. Labatt, the rector of Kilcar. There u.inl station at Teelin, the most likely place to obtain a boat, should it be required to row round any part of the coast. The guide should !»*■ told to bring the visitor first of all to Bunglas, kl beautiful w." by which route ho pass* - ( rri Head, ■•> fine promontory jutting suddenly out in splendid elifls which ai I perfection by this path. Prom hence is visible i of t£e many martello towers which aie placed in regular rotation round tip :. At Bunglas Point a view Lar magnificence bursts upon \ i« w tlL i of its kind i- pre* bly nut quailed in the British Id' 3, 'I'll, lofty mountain of Sli< ■ I • - a-' on the land side no promj oificence that it presents in tli. - ... l" ing ia * act a mm 2000 it. in height, 84 Houte 9. — Ennishillen to Kill yh eg 8. Ireland, descending to the water's edge in one superb escarpment — " around Whose caverned base the whirlpools and the waves Bursting and eddying irresistibly,. Rage and resound for ever." Shelley. And not only in its height is it so sublime, but in the glorious colours which are grouped in masses on its face. Stains of metals, green, amber, gold, yellow, white, red, and eveiy variety of shade are observed, particularly when seen under a bright sun, contrasting in a wonderful manner with the dark blue waters beneath. In cloudy or stormy weather this peculiarity is to a certain degree lost, though other effects take its place and render it even more magnificent, This range of sea-cliff extends with little variation all the way to Malin, though at nothing like the same altitude. Having feasted the eyes well with the beauties of the pre- cipices, the tourist should ascend, skirting the cliffs the whole way. Near the summit the escarpment and the land ascent approach so closely as to leave only a very pre- carious path, which is termed the One Man's Edge, and is looked on by the inhabitants of the neighbour- hood in the same light as the Striding Edge of Helvellyn or the Bwlch-y- Maen of Snowdon. However, it cannot be considered so dangerous as these, because a fall on the land side, though unpleasant, would not entail destruction, though with a sharp sea-wind blowing it is no easy work to keep one's footing. At the very summit are the remains of ancient oratories. The view is wondrous fine. Southwards is the whole coast of Sligo and Mayo, from Benbulben to the Stags of Broad- haven ; while further in the distance are faintly seen Xeohin, near Ballina, and 'it is also said; Oroagh Patrick, at Westport. Northward is a perfect sea of Donegal mountains, reaching as far as Slieve Snaght and Arrigal, with all the intervening ranges near Ardara, Glenties, and Dunglow (Bte. 10). In the descent the path made for the use of tourists should be followed, passing down a deep cleft in the mountain, at the bottom of which reposes a small tarn. A second excursion should be taken from Carrick to Ardara, to the magnificent glen of Geask, through which the road is carried across the highland moors to Ar- dara. It is, however, so abomi- nably bad, that it is almost im- passable, the writer of this notice having been obliged in many places to assist in carrying the car vi et armis, so that perhaps Glengeask will be more comfortably visited by proceeding from Killybegs to Ardara, and from thence making a special journey. A 3rd visit should by all means be paid to Glen, a district which tourists should not fail to explore, instead of stopping short at Slieve League, as most are content to do. It is 6 m. from Carrick. [At the 2nd m. a road turns off to the 1. to Malinmore, where very com- fortable accommodation can be ob- tained at a farmhouse kept by Miss Walker. The coast is very fine, although not on such a grand scale as at Glen, a little further on. There is a fixed lighthouse and coastguard station.] After traversing the high moor- ground the road suddenly descends or breaks into the Glen Valley, a remote highland glen of great beauty, although impressed with. a somewhat melancholy and sombre cast. A rather large population is scattered up and down the glen, at the bottom of which are the ch. and village of Glen Columbkill, or the Glen of St. Columb, for it was in this retired spot that the Saint Columb particu- larly loved to dwell. At a turn in the road the visitor will notice an [reland. Route 10, — Strabane to KiUybegs* 8S taenl cross is fine preservation, 1VI1. together with the antiqua- rian as well as legendary lore of the strict, has been carefully and zeal- ously Looked after by the llcv. V. tilth, the incumbent. The r< - • in- which arc accredited to St. dumb are the cross already alluded of the saint, his bed, 1 his will, cl - to which an irmoufl pile of ston< - attests the numbers of devout pilgrims. In the t< nor of the i wall-. said t<> have been hi- l-« d, is a smooth stone, 2 t" traditioD is said t.. have be< n plao d by Bt * lumb bo was blind of on< m the sot. • he might ool over- 1 qu< noe oft! rri< d round the tercising a ]mwi rs <>f healing in r i-. - ..t' I. .id •■%-. -. The well-marked and the bed bet<»lcrns the rn that is held here. \ \. rv curious beli< t 1 exists in i ■ . viz.. that it was for a e<>n- the hiding-place of the •aid find his way ool an into another ontry. A- has been shown by Mi ■ < he ' Dublin Univer- Magazin.-,' the proofs of the rtainl] strong * m to in it- truth. A headland is nt« d <»nt where the prince u» d with his servant •ii of shi T. and cliffs abound in ! fantastic Bha] ;mij»ly repaid imble iboul 2 dl ovei //• • ■'. cipia which d ar ad ch an as a knifi . tm- n# it - • m-, 1 1 1# - it- down •'• W hl;uh- of w in the ( )n »f the • the cliffs tn tl. od 'positions, particularly at Tormore, where the rocks are pitched aboul as though the ancient giants had been playing with them. The geologist will observe the effects of sea action in a most marked manner; instead of returning to Glen, he should keep along the coast to Loughros Beg Bay, and so to Ardara 'lite. 10) (Inn: Mullany's, had . The 20 in. from Teelin Bay to Loughros Bay 18, as far as coa>t scenery goes, not to be excelled l>y any locality in Great Britain. ROUTE 10. 0M STRABANE TO LETTERKENNY, GWEEDORE, DUNGLOW, ARDARA, AND KILLYBEGS. A mail-car Lee S1 rabane early in the morning for Letterkenny L6j del, returning hence in the evening. Crossing tin- hroad .-tieam of the Foyle by a Long and narrow bridge L2 arches, the traveller enters the Little town of Lifford Inn .- Erne . which, although the county town, i- bo email thai it s< i ms entirely made n]> of court-house and j.iil. Lifford was the scene <>f an obstini battle in 1600, between the English I >- rry under Nial < larbh 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 and Bugs < )*Donell, and, though qow th( quiet s1 of vil was an important nuirket-tOWD in the f James J I >m hence the id nil r a hilly 0] OUnd, 86 Route 10. — Strabawe to Killybegs. Ireland. pleasantly diversified with occasional views over Strabane and the valley of the Foyle, while the traveller sees ahead of him the blue peaks of the Derryveagh Mountains. 2 m. the river Deel is crossed [on either side of which a road 1. is given off to Raplioe 5 m., passing through the village of Ballindrait, close to which are the woods of Cavanacor House (Col. Humphrey). Kaphoe is a plea- santly-situated little town, once famous for being the seat of a bishopric, which was, however, united to that of Deny in 1835. A monastery established here by St. Columb was afterwards converted into a bishopric by St. Eunan in the 11th cent. From that time must be dated the commencement of the ca- thedral, a plain cruciform building, with a square tower of the last cent., which is also the date of the transepts added by Bishop Pooley in 1702. The ruined episcopal residence stands near the cathedral. At Bel- tany, on the summit of a hill 2 m. from Raplioe, is a stone circle 150 yds. in circumference, formed by 67 upright stones, on the E. side of which is an opening formed by 2 larger ones. " The name Beltany is supposed to be a corruption of Baal tinne, ' the fire of Baal,' intimating a spot where that deity was particularly worshipped in Ireland, and having the same etymology in Gaelic as the Bultani tree burned at Midsum- mer." — Hall. Raplioe is well placed at the foot of the great range of Donegal Mountains, as they begin to decline into the lowlands, and many fine views may be obtained in the neighbourhood from Mullafin 954 ft., and from the Herd's Seat, Avhich rises over the village of Convoy. Some 7 or 8 m. higher up, the Deel takes its rise in Lough Deel, a small lake at the summit of the Cark Mountain 1205 ft.]. The traveller will soon discover that he is in the head-quarters of the flax country, especially if it happen to be in the latter end of August or beginning of September. All the little streams are dammed up for the purpose of soaking the flax, whilst the fields are strewn with regularly laid bundles, more pleasing to the eye than the nose, which is offended by a fresh burst of odour every 100 yards. (Iu- trod., p. xxxv.) 11 J m. a road on rt. branches off to the village of Manor Cunningham, and soon Lough Swilly comes into view. As it appears from its lower end, it is tame and bare, although the hills which loom in the distance give promise of better scenery. 16 J m. Letterkenny (Hotel: He- garty's, very comfortable), a pleasant little town of one long street oc- cupying the side of a hill and over- looking a large expanse of country. With the exception of the eh., on the summit of the hill, the poorhouse, and a new clock-tower, lately erected, Letterkenny itself contains nothing of interest, but it can be recom- mended as good head-quarters for those tourists who wish to explore the hill country. There are some nice residences in the neighbourhood, as Ballymacool (J. R. Boyd, Esq.), and Gortlee (^Capt. Patterson). Conveyances. — To Strabane daily. To Dunfanaghy daily. To London- derry daily. Distances. — Strabane, 16 J m. ; Dun- fanaghy, 22 ; Gweedore, 22 ; Dun- glow, 30; Derryveagh, 17 J ; Kilmacre- nan, 7£ ; Church town, 9 ; Rathmel- ton, 7 ; Raphoe, 8 J ; Doocharry Bridge, 22. Excursions. — 1. Kilmacrenan. 2. Gar tan Lough. From Letterkenny the road tra- verses an open hilly country, di- versified with distant views of hill, river, and lake. [At 20 J m. a road on rt. is given off to Milford, 6 J m., pass- ing 2 J m. rt. Bally arr House, the seat of Lord George Hill, to whom the whole district which the traveller is LAND. Route 10. — KilmacTi nan. 87 ut to visit La under deep obliga- I oesing a small river at Drum- in r B _■■. the road runs parallel th L F '. a sheel o\' water about H m. in length, on the B. Bide ►und rises to 500 ft. / Kir. 11 is a small sting only for its pn the beautiful scenery of M :' J B v.] m. BTtZfw w very ■ettily situated in a mountain val- •h the Lannan rushes down in picturesque A.s the road descends into lie touris - distant rt of Lough Fern, and, ably I i it, the indent* 1 I .1- iiall.i Mountains, int. >rv< n it and 1 Sw the rains of .m Abb y, founded by St ider and r, lighted by the top e ity i( raai - otherbuild- led by an enclosure. been i the ! wan 1 has ov< r the door I t taken is the / which the ( )'l ><•- - inaugurated by ■ g I >luml>." /. I » I-. . I . in.; th- m i Salt, ion o L to and - a wild 1 district round which _'•• 1 hill- Iwirin to ipa 1<. i tedii hi the blue /. which, with . br - hill-bi U i. [At 29} m. a moorland road branches off to Gartan Lough and Church Hill, 4 m. What appears from the road to be one lake is really 2 sheets of water, the upper one, Lough Agibbon, being separated by a narrow neck of land from Lough Gartan, on the B. shore of which is Bellville, b Beat of J. Stewart, Esq. Trollius Europaaus flourishes on th< lak On the si.le of the upper lake is a ruined chapel, still used as the burial- place of the < i'Donells. It was built on the spot where St. Oolumb is said to have been born in 521. Ili> name was originally Orimthan, afterwards changed to Oolumb, from the sim- plicity of his disposition Oolumb ;i dove. •• Be was <>t* royal extraction, being, by the paternal side, descended through Oonall Gulban) from Niall, while ins mother Athena was of an illustrious house of Leinster." From hence the traveller c return by a different road to Letter- kenny, 9 m., descending into tl valley of the Swilly at Foxhall (J. ( lambei [. , passing afterwards the ( Hebe of Doon Rev. I >r. Kings- mill , Rockhill J. V. Stewart, Esq. , and Ballymacool (J. B. Boyd, Esq. , the last 2 demesnes Lying on opposite haul;- of the river.] Th - aery from this point to ( .1* av< agh resembles much of the 8 tttish Highlands large < xtensr moors shut in on all sides by hills, in- of them rising to a consideral height. For Borne distance it would appear that the way li« s up a broad depression running N '. an I B., but d turn of the road rev< ale the si erular summit of Muckish •j l. '7 it., which, from its precipitous sarpment,^ i ma higher than it rea is, I tr.iv. lh t is now fairly amidst the mountain ranges, whi< when the d rising, or I cloud shadows floating gently by, charming, but which, when overtaken by I Donegal •• Smiii," he will 88 Route 10. — Strabane to Killybegs. Ireland. or bleaker road in Great Britain, or one so open to storms. The geological composition of the mountains is granite, having a gneis- sic structure, the quartz lodes of which occasionally gleam with a brightness all the more dazzling from the contrast with the dark masses. 32 m. the Owencarrow river is crossed as it enters Lough Beagh or Veagh. A little further on there is a very charming glimpse of the lake, a long narrow piece of water entirely shut in by mountains, which, espe- cially at the lower end, descend pre- cipitously to the very brink. On the 1. bank, looking downwards, are Al- tachoastia (1737 ft.), and Kinnaveagh (1270), and on the opposite side is Keamnacally (1220), a portion of the great range of the Derryveagh Mountains, the highest point of which is Dooish (2147). It would be well for the tourist to consult his map while journeying down this pass, in order that he may understand the physical arrange- ment of this part of Donegal. It appears that the country between Lough S willy and the sea is traversed by several ranges of Mils all running in nearly the same direction, viz. from N E. to S.W. Commencing near Lough Swilly, we have the Glenalla hills, which are separated by the valley of the Lannan from those which overlook and are parallel to Gartan Lough. Westward of this lake are the Glendowan Mountains, intervening between it and Glen- veagh. Then come the Derryveagh Mountains just spoken of, divided by a considerable mountain valley from the Arrigal group, which abruptly slope towards the sea. There are, therefore, a succession of ranges, with more or less narrow glens be- tween, all having the same definite arrangement — a feature which will enable the traveller to understand his whereabouts with great ease. [A road turning off by the police- barracks runs down the glen along the bank of the lake to Glenveagh, the mountain residence of J. Adair, Esq., who allows free passage to the tourist over his property. Indeed, one of the most splendid excursions in Ireland is to be found in Glen- veagh, passing through it to the Poisoned Glen. Noble cliffs, covered with brushwood, in which the golden eagle still build, rise from the water's edge to the height of 1200 ft., and with the thick growth of natural wood, make Glenveagh a formidable rival to the beauties even of Kil- larney. The scenery at the great waterfall of Astellion is particularly striking. If the excursionist does not wish to proceed to Gweedore by the Poisoned Glen, he may continue through the pass to Doocharry Bridge (p. 91), where he should previously order a car to meet him to take him either to Dunglow or Glenties, in whichever direction he was going. This precaution is ne- cessary, as there is no inn or any accommodation at Doocharry Bridge. The distance from Owencarrow is 15 m.]. Quitting the valley of Glen Veagh, the road winds round the base of Kingarrow (1068 ft.), and turns to the 1. to enter the last mountain valley. [A road straight on passes immediately under Muckish at the Gap, and runs to Cross-roads 7 m. (p. 98).] This is the valley of the Calabber, which joins the Owen- carrow, and is singularly wild and desolate. On the rt. rises Muckish (the pig's back), remarkable for its peculiar shape and fine escarpment ; next to it are Crocknalaragagh (1554 ft.), Aghla Beg (1860), and Aghla More (1916), while on 1. is the Dooish range. The botanist will find on Muckish Saxifraga serrata- folia and Melampyrum pratense. Peering loftily over the very end of the valley is the singular and beautiful summit of Arrigal (2466 ft.), with its glistening seams of quartz. As the traveller ascends 1 [.VXD. Route 10.— Ghoeedore, 89 the watershed, he gains charming peeps o\' Glen Lough in tin- foreground, with Mulroy Bay in tli. nee, while near the summit level the attention is arrested on the rt. by Alt in Lough, a dark Bavage- tarn in a deep gap betw< en A_ da More and Arrigal, both of i mountains slope down to its a w ith greal rapidity. At 37J m, the w;ii. rshe I is gained, and a \'u iw - up which is hardly to be but -sod in Great Britain. The road wii y the side of a very deep ley, through which the Owen- l mi the rt is A rrigal M ■ sing up with Btarthng >ruptn< - from this side the regular that makes it bo - among its brethren. I unit, indeed, it pre- aer a - i far scarcely to allow room for a per- 8on to lie acrose it. ( m tl - a I amphith . of mountains, in irregular m s» - and urinal in tin- lofty, led hi SI anacht (the II - it. . A deep known by the name of the T Glen, runs up in a cul-de- 8a< I of the moun- gnarded I fceep precipic which ;i small stream giant to join the I >• \ lin rii it falls into Dunlewy bich, together with Lougn \ • of wat< r 1 m. th, filling up the valley in »t' tin- sea than a tn-sli- opposil ok I ! ' I )iiiil« w v II ••>■ G. F. B I \" rched a knoll over the 1. rad by v The aitua- Utit'ul, t: the M Kn.n, w< re rter the - I for the .sent "i;. a the b is a pretty oh., with glebe-houe schools, and other pleasanl tokens of civilization. This charming route deserves to be more known, for there is scarcely any scenery in Ireland that surpasses it. From hence the road keeps rapidly down the side of Arrigal until it read the Olady river, the outlet of the lakes, and keeps along its hank to 45} ni. Gweedore, where the traveller will be surprised to find a comfortable and well-managed hotel, from whence he can make mrsions through this picturesque district The name of Lord George Hill, the proprietor of the estate, is so thoroughly identified with that of Gweedore, that it will not be amiss to detail a few facts con- cerning him. He first settled in this part of the country in 1S38, pur- chasing 23,000 acres in the parish of Tullaghobegly, which he found in a state of disfo as and want bo great that it became the subject of a parliament- ary inquiry. Although there appeared to have heen a considerable amount of exaggeration in the statements made, enough remained to show that famine, pestilence, and ignorance were lamentably prevalent. The prospects of the landlord were far from en- couraging, 00 account of the sorry oature of the ground, the severity of the climate, the difficulty of collect- j his rent, but, more than all, the extraordinary though miserable u m of Rundale, which was uni- versal through the district. By this arrangement a parcel of land v\ divided and subdivided into an in- lible number of small holding in which the tenant very likely held his proportion or Bhan in :'•<> or W different plao s, which had no fern or walls whatever to mark them. The utfc infusion and hopelessm 98 of h tenanl being able to know his own land, much more to plant or look it. may w< 11 be imagined. A ly to land was tin m applied, but also I re portable 90 Route 10. — Strabane to Killybegs. Ireland. property. "In an adjacent island, 3 men were concerned in one horse ; but the poor brute was rendered use- less, as the unfortunate foot of the supernumerary long remained unshod, none of them being willing to ac- knowledge its dependency, and ac- cordingly it became quite lame. There were many rows on the subject ; at length one of the ' Com- pany ' came to the mainland and called on a magistrate for advice, stating that the animal was entirely useless now ; that he had not only kept up decently his one hoof at his own expense, but had shod this 4th foot twice to boot." — Facts from Gweedore. With much perseverance and many struggles, Lord George Hill gradually changed the face of things. Though not without meeting a fearful amount of prejudice and opposition, he overcame and altered the Rundale system, improved the land, built schools, a ch., and a large store at Bunbeg, made roads, established a post-office, and, what is perhaps of more importance to the tourist, an hotel, which is comfortable, well- managed, and reasonable. This is a capital place both for the fisher- man and the general visitor ; the latter should by all means make an excursion to Arrigal, taking a car to the foot of the mountain, which can be ascended in about 2 hrs. "Midway up there is an immense belt of broken stones, unrelieved by a vestige of vegetation. The mountain narrows towards the top to a mere rugged path of a 'few inches in width, with an awful abyss on either side." The view from the summit is mag- nificent, extending over a perfect sea of mountains, as far as Knocklayde, near Ballycastle, in the county An- trim, and Benbulben and Bengore near Sligo, while the whole coast for miles lies at one's feet. The fishing on the Clady and the fresh- water loughs is very good. If to- lerably late in the season he will get sea-trout and some salmon ; " almost any flies will do, something with red or black hackle, and a mixture with hare's ear in it." The geology of Donegal consists mainly of gneiss and mica-slate, tra- versed in a N.E. direction by an axis of granite, containing the mineral called oligoclase, whose occurrence in Great Britain has been lately noticed. The investigations of Prof. Haugh- ton and Mr. Scott show a close rela- tion between the granites of Norway and Donegal. Distances. — Dunglow, 13 m. ; Dun- fanaghy, 17 ; Bunbeg, 4 ; Dunlewy, 4 ; Cross Roads, 10 ; Magheraclogher, 5. Conveyances. — A mail-car daily to Dunfanaghy and Letterkenny. Excursions. — 1. Arrigal. 2. Dunlewy and Slieve Snaght. 3. Bunbeg. From Gweedore the road lies through a wild and desolate district, broken here and there by a few scattered hamlets with their little patches of green conspicuous in the grey mountain scenery. Inland the lofty ranges occasionally peer over the moorlands, while seaward the view is broken by numberless inlets and creeks, beyond which the breakers are seen dashing over the cliffs of the numerous islands that dot the coast in such profusion in this district, which is known as the Bosses. The principal of these islands, generally inhabited for a portion of the year only, are Inishfree, Owey, Gula, and Oruit. At 48J m. the Gweedore river is crossed at a spot where a combina- tion of rock and waterfall offers charm- ing scenery ; and at 51 J m. is the creek of the Anagarry stream, en- livened by a police-barrack. On the coast at Mulladergh, near Anagarry, is a rock known as Spanish Bock, from the occurrence of a wreck of a Spanish vessel, supposed to have belonged to the Armada'. Within the memory of inhabitants of the parish, a number of well-finished brass guns were fished . LAND. 7? AiXe 10. — Dunglow, 91 up, but unfortunately got into the li.-, mie travelling tinkers, by whose advice they were spee lily d up and sold to themselves, of fabulous profit. [56 in. vi. a road branches off to -hiu Lodge, the residence of Mrs. Pi ( !] >se off the coast Is But- ■'. where, during the Lord 1 eutenanc) of the Duke of Rut- i«l in 1785, I H. was expended in making a military station and ul emporium tor this part ot the count I sand has now aln ly buried I Btly enterprise \ • Bnri P »rt, near in, thi ' onyngham, proprietor of this i state, has lilt a 1 \ in this ■/. which must ■ 1 with those of ff the i of I; size, - nothing of in soj iy.] Burton Port La the iso- ruin i D w Castle, after- i it. - in. Du igl dreary-look] cm the Hide oi a hill which lier sharply from the water's 1 • inn is very j r ; but a ! I tween 3 and 4 i - I low is the head- i . . v. hich the torn tliough it is no an 1 cm view <<■ T< mph crone, with its id inh ' . On Looking Qw< ba 1 B Angular landslip, called Bristh , rocks ken and shiv< red t<> -—in fuct,m tnized on a pro- lly The di •sions, I wide above and some pla :id are serrated." — Donegal wrist There are also numerous caves and natural arehes all round this bit of coast. In the open Loughs near Dunglow are quantities of fine yellow trout rising up to 5 lbs. The h< si sport is found in the Meenmore Lough, 2 in. to the N.W., near the old barracks. There are also lots of wild fowl and seal shooting to be had. At Lough A mi r<-, 4 ni. N.E., there is work ror the geologist. "The environs consist of niiea slide with rse granular dolomite : on one Bpot will be found basilar Ldiocra and epidote crystallized in 6-sidi I prisms, with common garnet of a reddish-brown colour." — Giesecl Distana 8. Letterkenny, 58 i Doocharry Bridge, 8; Glenties, IS; eedore, 13. For the next 7 or 8 ni. the way lies through an untameably wi I country, but with such constant and shifting panoramas of mountains that the attention is never fatigued. The ranges, at the base of which the road is carried, are those of the Crohy hills, with their numerous shouldi and outliers. Farther hack are the Dunlewy Mountains, Blievesnacht, Crockatarrive, Arrigal, and, as we get further s.. the < Hendowan ai I I terryveagh chains. In fact, if t ather is fine — and it all depen a on that there is scarce such another mountain view in the kingdom. 67 m, ;it the brow of b steep hill, the tra- veller all at once Looks over the deep glen of the Gweebarra river and ap the ( hveiiwee, until it IS lost in the heights of the < rlendowan Mountai A road runs an the pass, through Den ; ■ i agh ana emerges at t Hen- veagh Bridge p. R8). The view, the tourist descends the zigzag road, i \ ery high order, and assun an additional charm in contrast v. i the dreary moor that he hi ve: The ( iwo l I I • ■■• , ry /'/ dgt . '■■ her< I : i ;i fishing hut no inn, which is a ; 92 Route 10. — Sfrabane to Killybegs. Ireland. stages are long and fatiguing, and the scenery in the neighbourhood would be quite sufficient to attract visitors. The G-weebarra is a fine salmon fishery, and belongs to Mr. Daniel of Donegal. The distance from Doo- charry to Glenveagh Bridge is 11m. A road runs across the hills to join the Fintown road, but a new one keeping along the S. bank of the Gweebarra, which soon opens into a noble estuary, is easier and more generally followed. In about 3 m. it leaves the river and ascends the hills again, joining the Fintown and Donegal road at or near the 74th in. Near this point a short road from Dunglow falls in, but it is im- practicable for cars, on account of the necessity of crossing the Gwee- barra at Ballynacarrick Ferry. There is a fine view, looking back over Crohy headland and the country toward Dunglow, while an equally fine one opens forward over the ranges of hills that intervene between the traveller and Donegal. In front of him, although, from the turnings of the road, it is difficult to keep one's bearings, are Knockrawer (1475 ft.), Aghla (1953), and Scraigs (1406), at the foot of which lie the mountain lough of Finn and the village of Fin- town (Ete. 8), in which district' some lead-mines are now being worked. From the junction of the 2 roads the distance to Fintown is 6 m., and to Stranorlar 22 m. The watershed has now been reached, and the road rapidly descends a broad mountain vale to 77 m. Glentieg (Inn : Devitt's), a small town, the situation of which, at the numerous converging glens, is its best point. It has a grand-looking union-house, which adds much to the distant beauty of the place. Good fishing is to be obtained here either in the Shallo- gan river, down whose vale we have been descending, or the Owenea, which rises in Lough Ea, a tarn some 7 m. in the mountains to the W. It is preserved by Lord Mount- charles and Col. Whyte. " The angler in the latter river will have sport if he is on at the time of a spate, but, as it rises and falls very quickly, it would be hardly worth his while to go there on a chance." Distances.— Ardara, 6 m.; Naran, 8J ; Doocharry, 10 ; Dunglow by the ferry, 14 ; Killybegs, 14 ; Donegal, 18.' [If the tourist is not pressed for time, he may go on to Ardara by Naran, instead of by the direct roacl. For the first few miles the way lies at the foot of the hills, affording fine views of Gweebarra Bay. 8 J m. Naran, is a primitive little fishing- village, pleasantly situated opposite the island of Inishkeel, on which the antiquary will find a couple of ruined churches. The hills which rise just behind the village should be ascended for the sake of the magnificent view, particularly in the direction of Ar- dara, where the coast-scenery of the cliffs is of the highest order. The whole of the promontory between Naran and Ardara is worth exploring for the sake of the remains. On Dunmore Hill, a headland 1 m. to the W., there are 10 old forts. " It was probably the grand signal-station, so that a signal made there would alarm the rest." To the S. of Naran is Lough Boon, in which there is an island, containing the "Bawan," a round fort, a massive circular build- ing, which occupies the whole of the area. In former years, before the lake was partially drained, it appeared as if it was actually built out of the water. Close by is Lough Birroge, on which is another similar remain. About 1 m. to the S.W. is Kiltooris Lough, on the banks of which is Eden House, the residence of G. Hamilton, Esq. A rather large island rises from the centre, on which are the scanty ruins of a castle belonging to the O'Boyles. From Naran to Ardara the distance is 7 m. About halfway at Kilclooney there is a Ireland. Route ll.« — Londonderry to Gicccdore. 93 cromlech.] The direct road from Glentiee is carried over a more level Country than we have hitherto been traversing. [At 7:> m. 1. a road is given off to Donegal, which fells into thr Killybegs and Donegal route between [nvei Bridge ami Mount- oharles Rte. i> .] Directly after- irdfl it runs alongside of the Owen- ker river, which rises amongsi the heights Binbane [1493 ft. , i fella into an inlet of the - -<• by i pronounced with tic nt en the last syllable — Hotel: Molls stnpid little ith nothing whatever of in- mely pretty situa- : steeply i b- A i dan who is b ait his accommoda- will find it :. goo 1 Btartu _- nt fr m whence to explore the - of the roast round by 1 s, I more, and (den ^Rte. 1 : »in ti cnliarity of the tion mi' Ardara all ti.- r a Is that ;1 nut mj' it -viz. 1<> Inver, Killy- bege l< trrii-k — are carried through so many gaps in tin- hills, the finest ing that which goes through tin- pass of Glengeask, one of th»- wild, -t and Bteepest glens in in which the high« I b very bad one is til- i ft Close to the town is Woo Ihill, the i ace ofMajoi V b- ■t. /' • < irriek, 13m.; Glen, I ."i i»v i-M.-i'l, but b} ' about 17 ; Llybegs, I": [nver, 1". I 'in Ardara the tonrisl travi i a wild mountain road, passing between tl -lit- of Altnandewon L652 ft . an 1 Muln 1 L57 , 87 ni.l. is M ulmofi -• I [i >ua . B "'li afterwards ched, and the to id ncLs the valley of the Oily er to 93 m. Killyl egs Etti . 9). // . Goalie's ; both com- •le. ROUTE 11. FROM LONDONDERRY TO GWEEDORE, THROUGH DUNFANAGHY. The most duvet route lies through Li tterkenny, from whence a car starts for Dunfenaghy and Gweedore every morning; but as the finesi scenery of thi> district principally lies on the LSt, it will be better for the tourist to proceed to Rathmelton, to which there are 3 ways of going. 1. Tin- road from Londonderry follows the 1. bank of the Poyle, passing Poyle Hill, at which point it branches off to the rt., skirting a range of high ground, of which Greenan Hill is the most ele- vated point. 6 m. rt. are Portlough, a small tarn, with an island and a ruined tower, and Castle Forward (T. Fergu- son, Esq.), situated at the corner of Blanket Nook, a pill given off by Lough Bwilly, which is crossed by a ferry as it begins to narrow at Fort Stewart Ferry. On the < >] tposite bank are the Beats of Fort Stewart ( Sir James Stewart, Bart.; and SheUfield V Stewart, Esq.). 13 m. Rathmelton ( Irms i Brown's; ( loyle e . : 1. Should the traveller prefer going round all the way by the road, he will turn off to the 1. at Newtown Cuningham, and follow the E. bank of the Bwilly river to \'i . m. the village of Manor Cun- ingham. 18 m. Letterkenny [Hotel, Hegar- ty's, comfortable will be found in Bte. 10. 'I'll, road from bene.' to Rathmelton is v. rv pretty, passing 1. ( tori lee T. I'M!, rson, Esq Bam Hill b\ v. -1. [rwin . I itl< Wray Capt. Mansfield . and OastL Grow ( •. \v i E - (. . !.• aving on I. the Glebe Ho I the tourist reaches 91 Haute 11. — Londonderry to Gweedore. Ireland. 26 m. Rathmelton. 3. By rail to Farland, from whence a steamer runs across to Rathmelton.] As the greater portion of the route from Let- kenny is over elevated- ground, the traveller gets beautiful views of the hills in the neighbourhood of Inch and Buncrana, on the opposite side of the Lough. Rathmelton is prettily situated on the Lannan, a picturesque mountain stream that flows past Kil- macrenan into Lough Fern, emerging from it under the same name, only a few yards from its point of entrance. Like the Bann, it was at one time famous for its pearls. The principal objects of interest near Rathmelton are the ivy-covered ruins of Fort Stewart, built at the commence- ment of the 17th cent. ; the demesne of Fort Stewart (Sir J. Stewart, Bart.) facing the Ferry ; and a little higher up, the ruins of Killydonnell Abbey, a Fianciscan monastery, founded in the 16th cent, by an O'Donnell, and a chapel of ease to the ecclesiastical establishment of Kilmacrenan. By an inquisition made by James I., it was found that the revenues amounted to the magnificent sum of 3s. There is a legend about the bell of the Abbey of Killydonnell, to the effect that it was carried off by some ma- rauders from Tyrone, who embarked on the Lough with the bell in their V( sseL A storm arose, and the sacri- legious robbers were drowned ; to commemorate which act of retributive justice, the bell is heard to ring once every 7 years at midnight. A legend with a similar finale is prevalent at Tintagel on the Cornish coast. [From Rathmelton the tourist may proceed to Kilmacrenan, and there catch the car for Dunfanaghy, or proceed by Gartan Lough to Dun- lewy. The road to Kilmacrenan is highly picturesque, and follows the rapid mountain stream of the Lan- nan, which is crossed at Tullyhall, near Claragh (Mrs. Watt) and Bally- arr, the seat of Lord George Hill (p. 86).] Distances from Rathmelton. — Let- terkenny, 8 m. ; Deny, 13 ; Fort Stew- art Ferry, 3 ; Rathmullan, 6 J ; Kil- macrenan, 6£ ; Milford, 4 ; Killy- donnell, 4. Excursions. — 1. Rathmullan. 2. Milford. 3. Kilmacrenan. The road to Rathmullan runs alongside the estuary of the Lannan, and the W. shore of Lough S willy, and about half-way crosses the em- bouchure of the Glenalla river that rises in the high grounds between the Lough and Mulroy Bay, and flows past Glenalla House (T. Hart, Esq.) and woods, which are very pretty features in the landscape. Further down are the woods of Holly- mount, and 19 J m. the little town of Bath- mullan. (Inn, Henderson's, good). " Close to it are the ruins of a priory of Carmelite friars, and a castle adjoining, formerly occupied by the M'Swyne Faugh, the possessor of Fanait. The eastern part, used as a ch. until a late period, exhibits considerable traces of pointed Gothic architecture. Over the E. window there still re- mains a figure of St. Patrick. The architecture of the remainder of the building is of the Elizabethan age, a great part of it having been rebuilt by Bishop Knox, cf the diocese of Raphoe, in 1618, on obtaining pos- session of the manor of Rathmullan from Tmiogh Oge M'Swyne." — Lord G. Hill. In the churchyard is a monument to the memory of the Hon. W. Pakenham, Captain of the ' Saldanha,' wrecked off this coast in 1811. Rathmullan occupies a sheltered position at the foot of a range of hills that intervene between Lough Swiliy and Mulroy Bay, of which the highest point is Crochanaffrin, 1137 ft. It is worth while making an excursion either up this hill or Croaghan, 1010 ft., which is nearer ; for the extra- ordinary view over the inlets and in- I Bi uk 11.— Fanei—Milford. o; •> \ this singular coasl will ! the traveller more in mind \ • n _;ian fiords than British [Before leaving RathmuUan for M the tourisl who is fond of ry should take the xploring the penin- r t or Fanait, the aneienl •• the sept of tl\«' ( >'Bres- ( ■ . 3rd son I '.! ( iulban, s.>n of Nial of the who ] ss< 3» '1 Tir (''Mi- ll. "' DJ3, h \ \vr. 1 by tlic M'Swyn< s, ■ 1 themselves and built Physically Bpeak- i- i: • 3 ahori 3s the h mill Inn rai i ; the K ckalla I li hcigl L200 ft.: till more northi rly group! cl run- along the shi n Swilly at - Knockalla I s tin Knorkalla Hills i. rising precipitously * return and i this <1 ' apply worth I r the of the i v> . 1 the dis- I '. r Buncrana ! ish- I; tlimullan House, ! Esq.; 'i i Wray ; and ! - which - ! 1 1 and i , Bath ry, M ! L) 1< rably rmed of ■ ! U i I i C of • narrow inlets of Mulroy is the tower of Moross Oastle, the mosl im- portant of the fortn ef the M'Swynes. Near this poinl the main road again crosses the peninsula, be* tween the 2 northerly range s of hills, reappears on Lough Bwilly at Bal- Lymastooeker Bay, the scene of the wreck of the ' Saldanha 'in 1S1 1, and from thence skirts the coasl to Doagh, one of the most primitive native villages that it is possible to conceive. The coasl so aery here is particularly fine, especially al the S< ven Archi b si ries of marine caves accessible by land. NeartheBrown George Bock is b splendid natural arch, SO ft. in height. L8 m. Panad Head is the extreme westerly boundary of Lough Swilly, the entrance of which between the 2 heads, Fanad and Dunaff, is just 1 in. This dangerous ecu -* is pro- cted at this point by a Lighthouse, 90 ft. above high water, consisting of 9 lamps, showing a deep red seawards, and a fixed white light towards the harbour. Should the tourist he a pedestrian, he should, instead of re- turning by the same road, work his way to the B.W., and cross one of the narrow i of Mulroy by b ferry between Leatbeg and Lower Town, :n i* I thus | d ( ithi r to (den, through Carrickart, or Milford.] 7 in. Milford Rte. 1G , formerly known by the euphonious name of B Uynagolloglough, is most charm- \y plao d nearly equidifltanl from 1 of Mulroy 15:iy and Lough I ' rn : the latter b fine sh< el of water I in. in circum nd \'< <\ by the l . onan. The scenery n< ar Milford ba m II worl h • sploi ing, particularly on • I tanlin i iver, a BmaU stream - through 'i v mantic gl Mulroy, forming in its < a fine waterfall, known ae r < foland I . p, < esing r.'inlin B id the 1 closely t W, M Lroy, I' i ping on 1. t bills tl 9G Monte 11. — Londonderry to Gweedore. Ireland. Lough Glen and Shcephaven. But as the round is scarcely interesting enough to warrant it, the tourist should cut across by a mountain road, and join the route from Kilma- crenan. Glen is a small village at the head of Glen Lough, a long narrow sheet of water running from X.E. to S.W., connected by a short stream, called the Lackagh river, with the Sheephaven, and drained by the Owen Carrow, which runs hence to Glenveagh (Ete. 10^. The student of physical geography cannot fail to be struck with the pa- rallel directions of the great valleys of Donegal, together with their re- spective lakes and streams, almost all, without exception, from the N.E. to the S.W. It would seem as though some tremendous force, acting from the opposite direction, had been ex- erted simultaneously over the whole district, and had probably been the cause of the singular fiords which, it will be noticed, always have the same direction inland. An excursion should be made from Glen to visit Lough Salt, 3 m. to the S., and on the road to Kilmacrenan — one of the most peculiar and ro- mantic localities in the country. It is situated at the height of 1000 ft. above the sea, and at the foot of Lough Salt mountain, which rises perpendicularly on the E. to a height of 1546 ft. It is to this fact that it owes its name— Lough-agus- Alt, " the Lough and the Crag," being corrupted into Lough Salt. " Ascending the steep sides of the .Kilmacrenan Moun- tain, we at length reached the top of the mountain, and suddenly turning the point of a cliff that jutted out and checked the road, we came abruptly into a hollow something like the crater of an extinct volcano, which was filled almost entirely by a lovely lake, on the rt. hand of which rose the high peak of the mountain — so bare, so serrated, so tempest-worn, so vexed at the storms of the Atlantic, that, if matter could suffer, we might suppose that this lofty and precipi- tous peak presented the appearance of material endurance. Here were the brown heath, grey lichen, green fern, and red crow's-bill; and then, down the face of the cliff, from the top to the water's edge, the black, seared streak of a meteoric stone, which had shattered itself against the crest of the mountain, and rolled down in fiery fragments into the lake, was distinctly visible." — C. Otway. The lake is of the great depth of 240 ft., and is said to be never frozen. There is another tarn, Lough Greenan, at a lower elevation on the W. side ,* and Lough Eeelan, a still smaller one, on the N., giving off a streamlet that flows into Glen Lough. The view looking S. to Kilmacrenan, 4 m. distant, is pretty, but not to be compared to that extend- ing on the N. over Glen Lough and Sheephaven, with its noble crags and the blue waters of the Atlantic ; while to the W. the summits of the Donegal Alps are visible in the lofty crests of Muckish, Dooish, and Arrigal, with its cone-like top. 1J m. the road crosses the Lack- agh, and emerges on the sands w T hich form the head of Sheephaven. To the N.E. they extend for a long distance under the name of the Campion and Eosapenna sands — the latter reaching to beyond Carrickart. Fifty years ago a beautiful residence built by Lord Boyne existed at Eosapenna, but it has long been as deeply overwhelmed by sand as the ch. of Perranzabuloe in Cornwall. " A line of coast and country ex- tends from the sea deep into the land, exhibiting one wide waste of red sand ; for miles not a blade of grass, not a particle of bloom ; but hills and dales, and undulating swells, smooth, solitary, desolate, re- flecting the sun from their polished surface of one uniform hue. Fifty years ago this line of coast was as Ireland. Route 11. — Doe Castle — fiPSun/ne's Gun. P7 y ii;i] roved as the opposite . and contained the rtable mansion of I iord Boyne, an old-fa - '1 manorial house and q, with avenues and ten raded with walled parks. But w not a vestige of this is to be q— one common mountain of sand - 11." — Sh tch s in L> la\ 11 thismischief appe n the cart lessly per- rabbits t " gnaw the ro< - ■■' . li, when pr< I, 8( n < - as a ursion id. st views in up aii'lt un- omon on the coast of South WaJ and Cornwall, although; of com- . the effects differ in proportion to i' Le of th'- phenomenon. A little D the N.E. of this Bpol is a circular -tie. Jin; Q ][. ,id ifl Q prqj in shape somewhat resembling a horn, bordered on one side by the inl< t of Sheephaven, though on I oth< r the coast trends away to the S. The cliffe are 800 ft. in height, and adly precipitous. The view from the summit of the head is one boundli ss Atlanl ic i cean, btdk only on the X.W. by the islands * f [nishbeg, In 1 i Tory : and on the NT,E. by the diflfi rent h< adlands of this rugg( d v.. Melm< . Rinmore, Fanad, i Malin \\< ads, \\ hile i E. een in the di£ ad i f [nishtn hull. 'I in many pi high r and citic, but il. i [( ad I Bhou ern t i in ' T W 9S Route 11. — Londonderry to Gweedore. Ireland. Natural History will find plenty of ornithological interest amongst the various sea-birds that frequent these cliffs, amongst which are the shell- drake (Tadorna vulpanser), the guil- lamot ( Uria troile), the sea-parrot, the cormorant, the shag (Phulocrocorax graculus), the gannet, the stormy petrel, the speckled diver (Colymbus glaeialis), and many others. The distance from Dunfanaghy to the signal tower is ah out 4 m. Conveyances. — Car to Letterkenny and to Gweedore daily. Distances. — Letterkenny, 24 m. ; Kilmacrenan, 17 ; Milford, 18; Glen, 10 : Rathmullan, 25 ; Doe Castle, 8 ; Ards, 6 ; Horn Head, 4 ; Cross Koads, 6 J; Gweedore, 22. Excursions. — 1. Tory Island. 2. Horn Head. 3. Falcarragh and Muckish. 4. Doe and Ards. [Should the tourist be adventurous enough to visit Tory Island (anc.'Toir- inis), which lies some miles from Horn Head, he should start on his ex- pedition from Dunfanaghy. It is a bleak and desolate island, although containing some objects of interest ; and if tradition is worth anything, was considered important enough to fight for in the early days, " when giants were in the land." The Book ofBallymote states that it was pos- ted by the Fomorians, a race of pirates and giants who inhabited Ireland 12 centuries before the Christian era. One of their number, named Conaiug, .erected a tower on the island, as is recorded in the Book of Leacan : — " The Tower of the Island, the Island of the Tower, The citadel of Conaiug, the son of Foebar." It contains a portion of a round tower, led Clog-teach, " The Bell-House," and the remains of a ruined castle, together with a modem lighthouse, the qnly token of the civilised world on the island. The rock scenery of i is very fine and charaeter- " Some leagues out at sea, but seeming within your grasp, lay Tory Island, rising out of the deep like a castellated city, lofty towers, church spires, battlements, batteries, and bastions, apparently presented them- selves, so strangely varied and so fan- tastically deceptive were its cliffs." — Otway. Porphyrinic syenite appears to be the geological structure. The tourist must be prepared for any emergencies in the matter of accommodation, and, in case of rough weather suddenly coming on, of un- limited detention on the island.] 5J m. the road runs rather inland, and crosses the Ray river. [6J m., at the village of Cross Roads, or Falcarragh, a mountain- road through Muckish Gap joins the Dunlewy route. It follows the glen of the Ray, and skirts the base of Muckish.] Adjoining Falcarragh is Bally- connell House, the seat of Wybrants Olphert, Esq., in whose grounds is a stone of some local notoriety, called Clough-a-neely. In old Myrath ch.- yard is the cross of St. Columbkill, made of one piece of rock, said to have been brought by St. Columb from Muckish Mountain. Falcarragh is a good point from whence to ascend Muckish 2190 ft., which will well repay the trouble, though from its steeply escarped sides it is no easy work. " The geological structure consists of a very thin slaty mica, granular quartz, and silver white mica. At the height of 500 ft. is an extensive- bed of white quartz sand in very minute grains, which lias been exported to the glass-works of Dumbarton, being considered an ex- cellent material." — Glesecke. A little further on, the Tullagho- 1 >■ gly is crossed, as it descends from the Altan Lough, a savage tarn under the precipices of Arrigal (Rte. 10), the peak of which becomes a prominent object on the E. From hence to Gweedore there is nothing to detain the tourist. The Zbelaxj . Boute 12. — Londonderry to Belfast. r a desolate mountain- rt. the Bloody 1- the hill above which is rds of 10 As the a asl is died, llu' islands ( f J rnishmeane, and Gola •nspieuou m, ( I idy Bridge, or Bunbeg, a ch., and aging to the Gw v. 22 m. Gw B tel Rte.10). : 12. LONDONDERRY TO BELFAST, i:i:x COUNTIES RATL- Etly. crosses • brink of the water 7 lit : English al I 7 Templemoyle Agricultural School occupying very pretty situations i the banks of the Muff Glen. Tlu re is a village of the same name • the opposite side of the lough, which musl not be confound* d with t. one. On either side, the mountain scenery begins to assume larj dimensions; on the 1. the hills of [nishowen loom in the distance ; I highest point being Slieve Snaght 19 ft. between Buncrana and Mo- ville. On the rt. an important ehai i occupies the area between Den; Dungiven, where it joins another and more marked group extending rds b< tween Newtown i addy and Coleraine, 1-} in. ( << rrickhugh ; on rt. Walworth W< ad House ( lol. i). 134 '"• BaUykeUy. This village is Hi*- prop< rty of the Fishmongei mpany, who in 1C1 ( J erected a fortified mansion. 1 5 wtown June! ion, [leading 1 i 2 ;.!. rt Newtown Limavaddy a'sArms), which obtaiB its name from Lim-an-madadh, L»< '-.'■ a glen on the banks of which the O'Cahans, the first Jte I a castle. Adjoin- ing this a s( cond was built, in 1608, Sir 'I Phillips, nucL us< Pop. 2732 . [1 mdal the fool of a gro worth i I y i a] touri d, p. xxvi. ) On ti e I'. I'-' ft., and K i ! 101 ft., while to t] I's HiU 13 • prominent As for Uin:r, is little to detain ! I travc I] r I the im- r 100 Houte 12. — Londonderry to Belfast. Ireland. are Drenagh House (0. M'Causland, Esq.), Roe Park (Harvey Nicholson, Esq.), Streeve, Hermitage, &o. The Sperrin Hills run E. from Strabane to Draperstown ; then turn rather abruptly to the N. to Ooleraine, their eour.se being marked by the towns of Maghera and Garvagh on the E., Dungiven and Newtown on the W. Between these 2 places, however, a minor chain runs in from London- derry, interrupted only by the valley of the Roe. Excursions. — 1. Dungiven. 2. Benyevenagh. 3. Keady. Dungiven is in a charming situa- tion at the confluence of the Roe with the 2 rivers Owen Nagh and Owen Beg, and at the foot of Ben- bra dagh, which rises to the height of 1490 ft. directly to the E. of the town, and is cultivated nearly to its summit. To the S. are the Sperrin Mountains, the most lofty points of which are Sawel 2240 ft., and Mul- laghaneany 2070 ft. Dungiven con- tains ruins of the Skinners' Com- pany's Castle, or fortified bawn, built in 1G18, and also of an abbey, picturesquely placed on a rock 200 ft. above the Roe. It has a nave and chancel, the latter lighted by two lancet windows deeply splayed within, with a mitre on each side, the whole being surrounded by a blocked arch resting on corbels; there is also a square-headed window above. The nave is separated from the chancel by a good circular arch of apparently Trans. Norm., and has also in the N. side a circular-headed doorway. The church has a belfry at the S. angle of the W. front, which formerly exhibited the features of a round tower or cloictheach. Notice under an elaborate Dec. arch in the chancel the altar-tomb of Coo- cv-na-gall, a chief of the O'Oahans. It bears the effigy of a recumbent knight, and the sides are sculptured with armed figures. This abbey was founded in 1100 bytheO'Cahans, and, having fallen to ruins, was restored with great solemnity by the Arch- bishop of Armagh. The clan of the O'Cahans held their territory under the O'Neills, "and, being of the greatest authority in these parts, had the honour of throwing the shoe over the head of O Neill when chosen, according to the barbarous ceremony then practised upon some high hill in the open air.' — Gibson. Close to the town is Pellipar House (J. Ogilby, Esq.). The road to Draperstown runs over very elevated ground to the base of the White Mountain, in which is the source of the Roe, and then emerges through the romantic pass of Evishgore. The schist rocks in the neighbourhood of Dungiven are famous for their quartz crystals, called Dungiven diamonds, many of which are found of great size. The old eh. of Banagher, nearly 3 m. S.W. of the village, should be visited for the sake of its doorway, which is square-headed, and has inclined sides, somewhat resembling the one at Glendalough (Rte. 24). In the ch-yard is the tomb of St. Muiredach O'Heney, on which a curious relievo of the saint is depicted outside. Dr. Petrie con- siders it to date from the latter part of the 11th cent. " There is a custom in this neighbour- hood which testifies the supersti- tious respect in which this monu- ment is still held. In anv horse-race, if a handful of the sand adjacent to the tomb be thrown upon the horse as it passes, it is thought that it will ensure success in the nice/' — Doyle. A similar early tomb is found at Bovevagh eh , between Dungiven and Newton. It is faced with sand- stone, though it is minus the like- ness of the saint. Conveyances from Dungiven. — Car to Deny. Distances.— Draperstown, 12 m. ; N. Limavaddy, 9 ; Maghera, 1 3 ; Deny, 19.] T! -I'll' 12. — MaeOiUigan — Coleraine. 101 rena i> a marine of sir F. Heygate, Bart., .;t the mouth of the Roe and t of the mountain of /»'< nyi - igh 12(30 ft., M the face of which is encmnhered by ponderous and sh'.\\« ':■ ss m; ss< 3, ri sing in bucc sivr - to the base of the steep basaltic summit, and then breaking • pinn ind precipitous cliffs. one of these and Looking along the face of the mountain, tin • lines of rudely-formed hillocks, I ic v face they pre- m nt I untain pre- n»l t - beds of 1 i occur in In r with the which y« t n main on some le nature of ti i this magnificent liti*." — /' I will ill com- i of tin se in ees o1 hill is •hall I by c and bam id r. or A little t'urii i at J i the line ver - to the es- -. winch in nume- iil: the lonjr-con- tilt- s' a. 1 ility ; HI : re roi tic in re <•!" holi- the pur- pasee .)t' buthinir and picnic • •• Lebra- leur n. Here . in- . and the p Ivan .High ularly and I ■ B ; ' : others — Botrychium lunaria, Aju alpina, Orobanche rubra, Eiieraciuin murorum, II. Lawsoni, Dryas octo- petala, Saxifrage oppositofolia, Are- naria verna, Draba incana, Ranuncu- lns hirsutus. Looking across the estu- ary of the Foyle are the mountains forming the promontory of [nishowen Head. MacGilligan is interesting to scientific men, as being the bat line on which the Trigonometrical Survey of Inland was laid down in 1826. A1 Down Hill the rly. pierces the chalk 1>y a longi -h tun- nel. The effi cts produced by the disruption of strata arc even more peculiar than at MacGilligan, and show themselves in the form isolated pinnacles and larg -' t which, called the Pipe < ive, ia about 1 10 tt. in length. TJ jl should also visil the Gap of Carnowry, ' ; which terminates in ;i very beautiful fall, formed of sue- where the ochre* conglomerate and basalt arc Been in contact. The basalt penetrates as a vein into the conglomerate, and small fragments of flints are found in an amygdaloid, as at Ballycastle Rte. 13 . i ling important chemi< 1 and mechanical chan -.' P rt~ lock. At Down Hill was the seat of Bruce, buill by tl h : • Earl of I trisi >1, and famoi for its libn ry and picture-galleri which were unfortunately cE Btr< ; 1 by fire, includit iulptur< Boy and I dolphin, by Michael '■ lo. The Qni 3 close to the B inn, which is crossed by a loi and peculiarly li *ht I Col - . pronounced Coole- i . ( □ d-rathaine) Hot I: M'Grotty'a Rt . L3 . li i im- from th ' I., who grante 1 the wh »le of this di tricttothi I l paniei how< v r, did n<>t trouble themseh much about its sanil re to I- liev< 1 • so di 102 Route 12. — Londonderry to Belfast. Ireland. iMe to go into if. especially what is called the market place.*' Ooleraine is now a clean, busy place, largely connected with the linen trade, and well situated on the Bann, which is crossed by a bridge connecting the suburb of Waterside with the in portions of the town (Pop. 5G31). There are extensive salmon fisheries at the Crannagh, near the month of the river, and again higher up at the l Jutty, where there is a fall of 13 ft., and consequently a salmon-leap. In former days Ooleraine possessed a priory, monastery, and castle, all of which have disappeared, but on Mount Sandel, 1 m. S.E., there is a very large rath 200 ft. high, and sur- rounded by a dry fosse. It is men- tioned in the ' Annals of the Four Masters ' as having been built in 1197, and is supposed to have been the site of De Courcey's castle. In the immediate neighbourhood are Jackson Hall and Somerset (H. R. Richardson, Esq.), both of them situ- ated on the banks of the river. Though the Bann is here tidal, and Ooleraine a seaport, there is at its mouth a bar, causing so much ob- struction that the real harbour may be said to be at Portrush,(Rte. 13). Conveyances. — Rail to Derry, Port- rush, and Belfast. Car to Bush- mills ; also to Kilrea. Distances. — Portstewart, 3J m. ; Portrush, 6§ ; Ballymoney, 8 ; Mac Gilligan, 10; Newtown Limavaddy, 21; Bushmills, 8. The rail now fojlows up the rt. bank of the Bann, qtriting it at 41 del Ballymoney, which is an industrious town extensively con- cerned in the sales of " Coleraines" and other linens, but does notpossi much to interest the general tourist. ►nveyances to Ballycastle, 17 m. distant (Bte. 13). At Dunloy, 49 m. the line is carried between 2 hills about 400 ft. respectively, and has on 1. 3 m. Lissanoure Castle, the seat of G. Macartney, Esq. Some 3 m. W. of Dunloy, in the picturesque mountain district known as the Craigs, is the interesting cromlech of the Broadstonc, of which the in- cumbent stone is 10 ft. in length, and rests partially upon 2 supporters, the others having fallen. We then cross the watershed, and follow the Main river, a small stream flowing due S. into Lough Neagh, to 62 m. Ballymena {Hotel: Adare Arms), next to Ooleraine the most important town in the district, which, since the introduction of the linen trade in 1733, has largely in- creased in population. It is said that the sale of brown linens alone averages 1,000,000Z. yearly. It is a well-built and well-to-do town of some 8000 Inhab., situated on the Braid, which soon joins the Main. About \\ m. to the W. are Galgorm Castle, formerly a seat of the Earls of Mountcashel, and now of J. Young, Esq., and Grace Hill, a Mo- ravian settlement, founded in 1748. Conveyances. — Ely. to Belfast. Car to Kilrea. Distances. — Maghera, 18 m. ; Port Glenone, 9. The line again runs side by side with the Main to 70 m. Cookstown Junction. [From hence a branch riy. runs W. to Cookstown, passing 3 m. Bandalstown, a pleasant little business town on the Main, which is crossed by a bridge of 9 arches. It suffered considerable damage from the hands of the insurgents in 1798. The church is E. Eng., with an oc- tagonal spire. The principal object of interest, however, is the beautiful demesne of Shane's Castle (late Vis- count O'Neill), which stretches from the town to and along the shores of Lough Neagh for a distance of 3 m. The Main flows through the grounds, and is crossed by an ornamental bridge, connecting them with the Deer-park, which is of considerable extent. The former mansion was utterly destroyed by fire in 1816,. Route 12. — Rand ' wn — Cookstown, 10° win n n ived but the y ]n]nrs. At present a por- stabl s has be >n- i n residence, all that stle b some nnd the fortified espla- which is a rvatory. T at rep tative of t ■ly family, which claimed I the chi fs i t' William O'Neill, the surname and arms 1. The mb of private burial- Th >lo- f columnar back of I he Lou ly at J 1 iii. I by a - i by a bridge of 9 • turnpike road. - of a 1 . >r I Conway in The river flows di i expands into Bann i - I rs , it is i r that the ch -I by i by i -ill, • »wn r About 8 m. higher up the M03 is Magh ra t formerly a place of son antiquity, though now a quiet lim - bleaching Little town, pl< tly situated at the base of the S. corner of the Sperrin moui which run hither from Slrabane and turn suddenly to the N. to Coleraine. Oarntogher L521 ft., White Mount) 996, and Muinard 2064, are the principal heights, i! is a fine moun- tain walk of 13 m. from Maghera to Dungiven(p. 100] through the pass of inshane. The old ch. 1 I ins \\\ door a pu 1 lie* Crucifixion, and in the ch.-ya is 1 ab of Lenri, in \\ i . <>, when op< 1 I some year . a silver crucifix was found. Hie ar- chsBologist will al id sev 1 I j 1 rat hs in the neighbourl* >od. m.Maghara r otel: WFaWs) is a Jin! u town, b ing to tho ;• rs 1 Company. The \ y on the W. is rather strikiii Slieve Gullion Mountains rising to tl I of IToo ft. A 2nd \ ad I from Magharafelt t<> Dungiven through Drapers town, near which is ]). yd R. Babi ). 25 in. Moneymore Inn: I > A property of the i> I lompany, who have lai 1 out 1 sums in the improvi - I . Unfortunate Ly, in the process the ancient 1 tat : 1 room for ;i public- e, a circumstance to ! tted the mon . it is 1 and Coleraine. I > ?, Shane's ( lastle, 3 m. : ( ; £us, i;>; : B< Lfast, 22 : lian- 1. Ram Ed n 1. _ I wou em the proper place for a brief description of / anc. Loch n'Eat- ; lake in the British 20 in. in It ngth, 12 in 1,1. . and an area <•: 5 acr \ ounties are washed form an ini- physica] geo- rial resources of Although 10 ri\ veil its basin, an which circums inundations of the . which frequently hap- ich an i stent 1" for< the bat 30,000 d( cL The lake ui ir» ft. in the deep pari I i< ut. be 100 ft. in between 1 avi • . and the - p. rhaps the lountain .ll- Ht districl i y mini : ch — ■ having been found in this state at various times ; but it has been con- sidered by Gen. Portlock that they belong to the tertiary formations, from whence they have been wash< singular that such a large in should contain so few islands, and none of any size. Bam [s- d Bhould be visited, on account the pretty cottage orne'e of t Lai E ri ( I X'ill. and also for its round tower, which i> not in bu< h d preservation as the one at A m riii i. ft is almost L3 ft. high, and is Lighted in the 2nd story by b square-headi d window facii _ the B.E., and in the 3rd by oi ing the V It is said, but up< i doubtful authority, that at Low water in summer, a bank connects island with < lartr< e Point, and thai it ] ba all the ap] «.f ;i pave 1 causes m A ntrini tl 8 rlv. follows up - Mil. Wai :• the Ollarhl ■ ! on i iti side Ball] II M , A I T omp- .11 I !•• (Lord L06 Route 13. — Coleraine to Belfast, Ireland. Tem^leton), in the parish of Templepatrick, which is .said to poss( as Qot a single Eoman Catholic. 88 m. Carrickfergus Junction (Etc 13.) 90 m. White Abbey, so called from a monastic establishment, founded in the 13th cent. An E.E. ruined chapel is all that remains. Green Castle, a suburb of Belfast, takes its name from slight ruins of a fortress. The whole of the line from the junction to the terminus runs close to Belfast Lough, and on the land side is lined with a succession of bleach-greens and the handsome re- sidences of the Belfast merchants. 94§ m. Belfast (Kte. 5) (Hotels: Imperial ; Eoyal ; Queen's ; Albion). EOUTE 13. FROM COLERAINE TO BELFAST, BY PORTRUSH, THE GiANT'S CAUSE- WAY, AXD BALLYCASTLE. The tourist should make a point of following this route, which is known as the Great Coast Eoad, for it in- cludes in one excursion a large pro- portion of the interest and beauty of the north of Ireland, whilst the scien- tific observer, and the geologist in particular, have unlimited opportu- nities of studying one of the most singular basaltic districts in Europe. A short branch rly. runs from Coleraine to Portrush, passing 3 J m. 1. the small watering-place of Port- tiewart (Hotel, Portstewart), situ- ated so as to command fine views of the opposite promontory of Inish- owcii. A wooden castle, built by Mr. O'llara, is happily placed on the cliffs, which here terminate on the W. of the great basaltic range, and contain veins of zeolite, ochre, and steatite. Adjoining the station is Cromore, the seat of the Cromie family. 6 J m. Portrush (Hotels : Antrim Arms, one of the best and most comfortable hotels in Ireland ; Cole- man's) is a favourite spot, botli from its attractions as a marine residence and its proximity to the Causeway. A peninsula of basalt runs out for f of a mile, and on this the- town is built, having a deep bay on either side, and opposite it the picturesque line of the Skerries, which forms a very fine natural breakwater, in itself a great means of shelter to the har- bour of Portrush. The town is small though well built, and contains an obelisk in memory of Dr. Adam Clarke, to whose zealous efforts in the cause of religion the inhabitants of the district were much indebted. The rock scenery, within five minutes' walk of the hotel, is rugged and picturesque, though the cliffs rise to no great height. On the S. side there are caverns in the white limestone of the chalk formation. Both chalk and lias strata have undergone considerable metamorphic action from their juxta-position to the gneiss rocks, "as long grada- tions of changes from the silicious chert-like strata, replete with organic remains, to the highly crystalline rock, may be here distinctly traced." — Portloch. The indurated lias strata of Portrush are identical with those of McGilligan and Ballintey. The fossil collector will find Ammonites (sp. intermedins and McDonnellii)Pec ten, Lima pectinoides ; Panopa^a elongata, &c. (Introd., p. xxi.) Conveyances. — Bail to Coleraine ; car to Bushmills ; steamer weekly to Glasgow and Oban. Distances. — Coleraine, 6Jm.; Port- I 77 ute 13. — Dunl/irc Castle. 107 hmills, 6i; < Hant'a I Duuluce Castle, 3j ; . 1 .""):}. . 1 . P rt. Dun! i 1 Causi w ty. the rt. of the strand ush, the r ins a mag- levation al a greal vc the s< a. T Logisl all m< ans walk to the will i dn a te opportunity of investi- R icur • Portrush and I I • ! m is ob- Lk, which over- tioned the b iili the well studied. It is all the pro- asl : i4 the chalk on which the _■ v< iv une^ ud in tvated into wide the transv< i head- in- A of [on cliffs ii lit" wli the 1. [ue //. tuation ' ' ! ' , whii - in. broad, _ one thai is sufficiently d ud unprotected for a nervous visitor. Notwithstanding the erreal size of the castle, a nearer inspection is somewhat disappoints T] e do- mestic apartments and offices ap- pear to have been principally | 1 on the mainland, while the build- ing en the reek is occupied by a small courtyard, a numb r « f small apartments, and some round flanking tow< rs overhanging I a, into which it is said a portion of the tie reallv fell during a Btorm in ir.:'!>. w hen the Marcl ioni ss i :' Buck- ingham was r» siding here. By whom or when i; firsl er< cted is not known, bul the Bite upied by a fori r 3e "l" the M'Quillans, wl 1 a large portion of this northern district, until ii was taken from tin m by the M'Donm lis (after- wards Earls of Antrim;, the repre- Ltative of whom was SorleyBoy, a lebrated character of those days. These p were in their turn ousted by Sir John Pei Lord Deputy, who occupied the castle by ;'ii English garrison. The rode on which it stands is basaltic 'portions of the building it-' It* showing the lygonal structure), and contains lar v. b n.! In ueath, said to com- municate with the buildii It uld be iii< ntion( d, for the lov< [rish pedign I Bf*Quillan could trace his family from th< ir d< parture m m Babj Ion .°>(i00 they came to I from their name i I ( Ihaldi - gave in h> the word ( Sal 'i ! 12 in. Busl mills Hotel, Imperii :i neal little town on the banks of the Busl ! for i : illery and i' Imon ti- i i uch in reou( men. the bridge in tl me curved ble. ! the Dm Edmrj d M.- v whoa t<> the 108 Route 13. — Coleraine to Belfast. Ireland. McDonnells, Earls of Antrim, and came over to Ireland in the begin- ning of the 17th centy. 14} m. The approach to the Cause- way Hotel (tolerable) is self-evident from the numbers of guides and others who lie in wait for the un- suspecting traveller, and run by the side of his car, proffering their ser- vices or selling little boxes of fossils and minerals. As regards the former, the visitor had better avail himself of the knowledge of the head guide, Alexander Laverty by name, who is intelligent and strictly conscien- tious, being determined that nobody intrusted to his care shall depart without listening to his lecture on the formation of the Causeway. As to the fossils, it may not be amiss to mention that many of the speci- mens offered for sale were never ob- tained at the Causeway or even in the neighbourhood. At the hotel the visitor may obtain a tariff of prices for guides, boats, &c, by which he should strictly abide, and not allow any annoyance from the multitude of beggars, who, under pretence of showing some special curiosity, pes- ter everybody for money. Should the day be calm enough, the first point is to see the caves which lie under the rocks a little to the N.W. of the hotel. The principal and most beautiful is Porthcoon, into which a boat may be rowed for a long distance. It is 350 ft. in length and 45ft. in height; and although there is an entrance landwards, the wonderful effects produced by the colouring of the peroxide of iron and the deep green of the water are to a great extent lost to the visitor who approaches it thus. The geologist should notice a fault running through the whole roof; and to the west of the cave a large whindyke. The same phenomenon of intrusion of trap may be seen at Dunkerry cave, which is 660 ft. long and 96 ft. high. The 3rd cave, called Raeksley, cannot be entered, on account of sunk rocks. After examining the eaves the visitor is rowed eastward and landed on the Causeway ; the first impression of which is fre- quently one of disappointment, aris- ing perhaps from the overstrained accounts written at different times by older topographers. This feeling, however, speedily yields to astonish- ment when we take into considera- tion the immense scale on which all the phenomena exist, and more especially when we look minutely into the extraordinary arrangement of this pavement of nature. " The basalt which forms the columnar bed known as the 'Giant's Cause- way ' is quite a local deposit, measur- ing at the most 2600 ft. in width, or from E. to W., and appearing along the coast as a lenticular-shaped bed, thinning out at either side, and it occupies a flattened trough in the amorphous basalts which underlie the great ochre-bed of the Chimney Headland." — Du Noyer. The columns on the E. slope to the E., others to the W., thus show- ing the direction of the longest axis of the lava flow. It consists of three platforms, generally known as the Little, Mid- dle, and Great Causeways, as they are approached from the W. In the Middle or Honeycomb Causeway, the principal curiosity is the Lady's Chair, a single hexagon pillar, sur- rounded by several others of taller proportions, so as to form a com- fortable seat. Thence the Great Causeway is entered through the Giant's Gateway, a gap bounded on each side by basaltic columns. The beauty and order of arrangement of the pillars which form the pave- ment are the main attraction of the Great Causeway, and the guides take care to impress on the visitor the rarity of certain forms; that of 3- sided pillars there is but one, and of nonagons but 3 on the whole plat- form, while pentagons and hexagons : Houte 13. — Giant's Causeway, 109 are aniversal, and octagons, which denominate the key-stone, are imon. Each pillar will ir looking into, being not only dis- frorn its neighbours with which united, but, moreov< r, within itself an arrange- tall crystallizations radi- tttii from a common centre. •• T tlumns of this particular bed Liate from a line of imaginary centres, which are coinoi- witii tin- longest axis of the main i of eing defined by the of the lava-bed, and upright planes of colum- al right lownwards from whal musl Uie primary cooling sur- from ing b i n slightly de- in it " — Du Noyer. il imined the forms of the ai 1 the various points of in1 i om, Well, T . Pulpit, I ipes, & all rich the guides will taki . let m s, which, after all, andeur <>f the Bcene. from the rom th> Porth- -. the 1 1 I ' • S uearj Point 2 :;. \ B P tnoffer, the Or ' .>.;)■_' M LP 1 327, the < i y I \> ad , Port- . Plai skin Head, ■ Pulpit, Ben- i • will enable the ■ - ■ pri I of u.Sllt, !i f(\V t< •! ! I, a very marked feature in the whole section, and below this again con- sist i of possibly 1 deposits of amor- phous basalt, each separated from fche others by a thin lay< r of ochre. At Portnoffer Point to the W. of this, the same arrangement prevails, though the ochre-bed thins out and is nearer to the sea. The columnar beds above it now change their character, losing their parallelism of dep< sition, as well as distinct columnar structure : the ochre-bed disappears, a deposit of amorphous basalt takes its place, and a new series of pillai seen below, called the Organ. Theregu- larity and beauty of these pillai which extend for about 200 ft, are particularly conspicuous, and may illy be compared to the pipes of an organ without any violent stretch of imagination. The geologist must particularly notice the inclination of the Organ-bed to the AY., and the dip of from 6 to 8 degrees; and sup- posing it could be tract d all the way, it would eventually be found to be a continuation of the Giant's Cause- way, proving the identity of these 2 bed On the cliffs In the 8. of Portnoffer " the 2 columnar beds, which are so distinct at the summit of the Chim- ney Headland, are repr< sented by not 1- as than possibly 1 separate deposits of trap, the '2 h» ' which occupy the central position of the cliff, beii rudely and massively columnar, and separated from each other by a layer of rather black shale." Overhanging the causeway is the Ard Snoot, to the W. of which is the WJ indy] Id ft thick. Proce< ding W. to I hotel, it will be p< rceived that the ihre-bed i visible by the thway, overlaid by the same amor- phous trap which r< the< >rgan- bed. The whol< i fore, [g :; cutting, tram fche longest is of the lava flo The tourist who wide- \<, go in length ii th< ! should by Mr, Du 110 Route 13. — Coleraine to Belfast. Ireland. Never, in the ' Geologist,' vol. iii. No. 25, to which the writer of this notice is much indebted. The foregoing de- scription embraces the principal and most curious features of the coast, but nevertheless no visitor should neg- lect to prolong his excursion to the E. of the Chimney, as the finest coast scenery in the north of Ireland oc- curs at PleasMn. Between these two points is Port-na-Spania, so called from the cliffs having been battered by a Spanish vessel, under the im- pression that they were fortifications. From PleasMn, which is 354 ft. in height, the tourist has a magnificent view eastward over Bengore and Fairhead. " The summit is covered with a thin grassy sod, under which lies the basaltic rock, having gene- rally a hard surface somewhat cracked and shivered. At the depth of 10 to 12 ft. from the summit this rock begins to assume a columnar ten- dency and forms a range of massive pillars, standing perpendicular to the horizon, and presenting the appear- ance of a magnificent gallery or colon- nade GO ft. in length."— Hamilton s Antrim. The seat so often occupied by the author just quoted is still pointed out by the guides. The fan- tastic arrangements of the cliffs do not end with Pleaskin, but are con- tinued in the Lion's Head, Ken- bane Head, the Twins (two isolated rocks standing together), the Pulpit, the Ball Alley, and the Giants' Graves ; beyond which the mighty headland of Bengore closes the range of excursions which more immediately belong to the Causeway district. Distances from the Hotel. — Bally- castle, 12 m. ; Bushmills, 2; Ballintoy, 7; Garriek-a-rede, 8: Dunluce, 5. As there is no public conveyance from the Causeway, the traveller will have to take a car, if he follows the northern coast road, which cuts across the promontory to 175m. I) uit sever iek (Dun Sovarke or Sophairce— the fortress of Sophairce), where on an insulated rock stand the scanty ruins of a castle probably erected by the McQuillans, a family who arrived in Ireland among the earliest English adventurers. It afterwards came into possession of the O'Cahans or O'Hares, who settled in Antrim about the 13th centy. Very little is left, though the thickness of the walls (11 feet) attests its former strength. The views looking W. oyer Bengore Head are very fine, as also those over Fairhead to the E. The coast is worth exploring as far as Ben- gore, particularly at Portmoon and Portagoona, where there is a pic- turesque waterfall formed by the small river Feigh. Soon after leav- ing Dunseverick the road falls into the high road from Portrush and winds along the strand of White Park Bay to 22 m. Ballintoy, a small village situated at the foot of the furzy hill of Lannimore, 672 ft. The lias rocks here seen are identical with those of Portrush and McGillicran. Lignite has also been occasionally worked here. The coast abounds in fine views, particularly to the N.E., where the cliffs of Pathlin Island are most conspicuous ; and farther in the horizon the Scotch coast in the neighbourhood of the Mull of Can- tire is plainly visible. Close off shore is Sheep Island, and about 1 m. from the village is that of Car- rich-a-rede, one of the most singular curiosities of the north, on account of the swinging bridge which connects the island with the mainland. The tourist wdio wishes for a closer inspec- tion, or to cross over to the island, should get a boy to show him the way from Ballintoy, though a fine distant view is obtained from the road to Ballycastle. Carrick-a-rede is an insulated rock, separated from the mainland by a chasm 60 ft. wide and more than 80 ft. deep. " At this place the salmon are interceptect in their retreat to the rivers. The fishing XP. 77 ute 13. — Ballycastle. Ill spring and con- .11 August ; a rude bridge of is thrown across, which re- ch is prot< cted by a s about in the nanner, often- :t a dangerous feal in storm; ve to the na- il with the utmost The name is d< rived II i kill n from " ( :-a- on I r a I 1. 1 3 K< White th tin N of a tbly t f, \ ar ii is a 3 ( . 1'; pillars of H ' It Antrim small uiiii.t' resting .1 at the foot of 1 Moun- to tiit- S. to the should be ■w : din Island. •ut J : ks Of abou- i». ci it would made at lly- ;! all town of I. On the is til-- ruined which only with am- or t go* Carey. The chap< 1 is 100 ft. I On t , N". therefect< and offices ; and " the o porch was formerly ornamenti d with several well - execute d bas- reliefs." — Mc- lin. The erection of Bona- margy is usually ibut< d to S< >r- ley Boy or Somarl 'Donnell in the 14th c< nty., though some as- cribe it to the M Quillans : at all events ii was selected by many of the glish n< bL s as tl eir last r< sth : tin m by the 1st Earl Antrii . ntinuance in this world must have had a great effect (>M tin fortune - of the a untry, if \ arc to judge by an [rish inscription i : — " At all times Bom< B Qth year; Bui now thai j Is departed Jt * ill happen i \ ir." The abb( y is Baid to h:r. n burnt down in a raid mad;' by the Scottish islanders, though afterwards rebuilt by the clan of M'Cormick. Ahout 2 m. up the Glenshesk on 1. bank is I castle calli d after Gobi 5 r. It is a ques- tion whether it wj 9 * n <•' d by or of I I an, the archi- •t who built the round t w c of trim. A small ruin on t t] • W. mplel atiqu Tlie will I d to explore the cliff ; . which mount i il strata, fromwhichatonetime 10,000 to 15,000 tons were raised i Uy, but owing the i fallii I acery the workings v discontinui ►ugh a c le utity of ironston ised. I [ill, on which the collie are sitnai d, ' K) ft. high, and inar basalt, d .-;ii te, I., n ath whicl at an ele- ► ft. al I . ch. T d by a Uu dyke of d ( larrick / \.) 112 Route 13. — Colerame to Belfast. Ireland. Conveyances. daily. To Bally money Excursions. — 1. Fairhead. 2. Cushendun. 3. Annoy. 4. Caxrick-a-rede. 5. Rathlin. Distances. — Ballintoy, 4 m. ; Giant's Causeway, 11 J; Fairhead, 5; Cushen- dun, 12 : Cushendall, 17; Ballymoney, 17 ; Eatlilin Island, 6 ; [which place is very seldom visited, though it is highly worth both the time and trouble. The weather is of course the main point on which the excursion hinges, as if stormy the sail or row across the Race of Sleuck-na-Massa, or the valley of the sea, is unpleasant, if not dangerous. At ebb tide the opposing waters form a very rough sea, which was anciently called the Caldron of Brecain, owing to the drowning of Brecain, son of Nial of the Nine Hostages, together with his fleet of 50 curraghs. Rati din, Reachrainn, or Baghery Island, the Ricina of Pto- lemy, is of considerable extent, of the shape of a finger bent at right angles (or, as Sir W. Petty quaintly describes it, of an " Irish stockinge, the toe of which pointeth to the main lande"), measuring from E. to W. about 4 m. Its singular position between Ireland and Scotland, its ancient remains* and its natural beauties, all combine to make it a very interesting visit. St. Columb founded a church here in the 6th centy., an honour which may be attributed to its position between Staffa and Ireland ; but the same cause operated prejudicially when the Danes invaded the north, as the island had then to bear the first brant of their savage assaults. Later on it was so repeatedly ravaged by the English and Scotch that in 1580 it was totally uninhabited. Rathlin is connected with the fortunes of Robert Bruce, w T ho for a long period sought concealment in the castle which still bears his name, and in which the well-known episode of the spider and the web occurred. There is but one harbour in the island, viz. in Church Bay , and even this is untenable during westerly gales, to which it is freely exposed. Near the landing- place is the residence of the Rev. R. Gage, who, as proprietor of the island, lives amongst his people, and exercises patriarchal rule and in- fluence. In this respect Rathlin was not always so fortunate, as at one time we read in the Ulster Visita- tion, " The isle of Raghline, possesste by the Earle of Antrym, has neither vicar nor curate, it not being able to mayntayne one." f m. from the bay on the E. side is Bruce's Castle, or what is left of it — a small portion of wall, situated on a lofty precipice, nearly insulated from the mainland by a deep chasm. The chief beauty of Rathlin is the cliffs, which maintain a considerable elevation all round, the highest point being at Slieve-a- carn, 447 ft., on the N.W. coast, while there is scarce any part lower than 180 ft. The general structure of the rocks is chalk and basalt, the latter assuming, in some places, the same columnar aspect as on the opposite coast of Fairhead. At Doon Point, nearly 2 m. to the S. of Bruce's* Castle, they are most peculiar, having a curved form, " as if they slid over while in a state of softness, and took the inclination necessary to their descent. At the base there is a small mole, composed of compact erect columns, forming a natural pier." — Doyle. There are also some singular caverns in the basalt to the S. of Church Bay ; and at Runas- cariff the cliffs assume appearances similar to those at Doon. The island contains 33G8 acres, of which about one-fourth is arable and pasture ; the inhabitants are a simple quiet race, who chiefly gain their subsistence by fishing, gathering kelp, and grow- ing barley, the last two of which are taken to Campbellton and Glas- gow.] [A second excursion should be I Route 13. — Fairhead — Arm 113 mult rtakt d t" Fairlu . d or Benmore i t*dium Promontorium of demy , whose magnificenl escarp- riking feature in the drive I ! llintoy to Ballycastle, and thy finish to the basaltic \. coast. 9 ft. in height, of which rly half is occupied by a mural p ormous grei n- c ilunms, many of them up- :. in width. From the Brobdingnag piers, a debris runs at a sharp m down to th( A >t« < ]» path, c;. FhirLi ith," - Path. a through toss which ;i gi- i : by follow- ing j t in a good of the pro- ry. a the sum- • .-nrj.; panora- < ml-] island of »nsid< ion of . [slay, ti,.' Mull of ' I in cl( -iirwi . therthi Paps W„ the eye l inseway, i ishowi d Looming Tin re 3 «'li t lie of _-!i 1 ; lose n» the • it by 2, i : '; Mawr, tie ould I..- men- the Ev< ii ds . 6 1»« ds of cos» I. which the lower om ic. T hif of •li have all would be in if n. arly [ in, for in 1770, when an English com- pany hud taken possession of them, the colliers employed discovered a long gallery, and chambers containing baskets, tools, and candles, the wicks of which were formed of rags; there were also barrows made of boulders of basalt, clearly proving 1 1 io v< ry early efforts thai were made to gel the coal. Mr. Hamilton also men- tions that in the mort; r of which Bruce's Castle in Rathlin [slandw built, cinders of coal werefonnd. The besi way ti» visil this coasl is to take a boat from Ballycastle, row round the head, and land at Murlough Bay, returning by fool along the coi at.] [The antiquarian may spend an interesting day in visiting Armoy anc. Airthear - maighe), 7 m. to the B.W., the road thither run- ning at the foot of Knocklayd. In the ch.-yard is a round tower, 35 ft. high, by 46 round, with a cir- cular doorway. A forrm r rector sur- mounted it with a dome of wood and stone, and restored it to its original purpose of a Cloig-theagh, by keep- ing the eh. bell in it. From Armoy, a by-road may be taken into the lonely vale of the Glenshesk, which - in the Sli Lve-an-Orra Mountain L678 ft. , a portion of a lofty chain intervening between Ballycastle and ( n>h< nd.ill. On the 1. b.n',, he riv< r, '1 m. from Ballycastle, is the I jtle of ( Jobharj <• architect of Antrim Round Tow< r. II has, however, been proved by Dr. 1» to hav( b, en an old el, " proba-i bly ti. ilesia de I train Indict, of the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick." Large numbers of stone celts and we i found in this neighbourhood from time to tin proving the struggh s thai have hero taken place. On \}\>' summit of ocklayd i- a ! . cairn, Bald ha-. 1 to the in. mory of 3 1 * aish princ insp< ction • he Abb. y of B p. Ill) will corn-hid rlc ] Hows 114 Route 13." hleraine to Belfast.' Ireland. the vale of the Carey as far as the hamlet of (29 m.) Ballyvoy, where a branch is given off along the coast past Torr and Runabay Heads to Cushendun. For pedestrians who wish to obtain coast views, this route is very advantageous, and only about 1 m. longer. The car-road crosses ihe Carey, and strikes into the hills, passing along the base of Garneig- haneigh (1036' ft,). The view from the top of the hill overlooking Cushendun (anc. Bun-athaine-Duine) is very charm- ing, and embraces the little village with its pretty ch. and neat resi- dences nestling by the sea-shore, and on the banks of the Glendun, a river of some volume rising in the Slieve-an-Orra hills, and flowing for its whole course between mountains of considerable height. About 2 m. from the village it is crossed by a lofty and exceedingly picturesque via- duct, which, as seen from a distance, completely spans the vale. Close to the sea-shore (where the tourist will find more caves) are the residences of Xicholas Crommelin and B. C. Dobbs, Esqrs. Distance. — Cushendun from Cush- endall, 5 m. ; Ballycastle, 12. 43 m. Cusliendall (a good Inn) is another pretty little town, placed close to the sea at the mouth of the Glenaan, amidst very lovely scenery. The Dall, a small stream from which the name is derived, also falls in here. There are slight ruins of a castle on a mount hard by. The road now greatly improves in scenery, running close to the waterside, and affording magnificent coast views, in which the cliffs of Red Bay are well set off by the chalk strata of Garron Point. The greater part of the district from Ballycastle to Cushendun, is composed of granitic rocks, oc- casionally interrupted by the coal- measures, and subsequently by the chalk. From the latter place, how- ever, the Devonian, or old Bed, rnuke their appearance, and are ex- posed in magnificent sections all along the coast, particularly at the romantic village of Glenariff, or Waterfoot (44J m.), in which the road is actually carried under short tunnels of old Bed. There are also several caves, which, as regards this series of rocks, are somewhat un- usual, as they are generally found in the mountain limestone. Bed Bay is one of the most pic- turesque spots in the whole route. It is an irregular semicircle sur- rounded by cliffs ; at one corner are the white houses of the village, situated just where the glen of the Glenariff .opens up into the moun- tains, which are here of a consi- derable height. Immediately over the village are the escarpments of Lurigethan (1154 ft.), while Crocha- lough (1304), and Trostran (1817), the highest of the chain, close the view. The red sandstone now shortly disappears, giving place to the chalk cliffs, which have been blasted to form the magnificent terrace-road, executed by the perseverance and genius of Mr. Turnley. Isolated columns of chalk stand fantastically -by the side of the sea- shore, by the side of which the road runs closety, presenting sea views that are seldom surpassed. 48 j m. at Clogh-a-stucan, one of the most peculiar of these columns, the road trends to the S., and passes Garron Toiver, the castellated residence of the Marquis of Londonderry, who possesses in this and the neighbour- ing county of Deny very large es- tates. Close to Garron Point is the rock of Drummail, or Dunmaul, the summit of which is crowned by a fort, said by tradition to have been the locality where all the Irish rents were paid. Prom hence too the Danish ravagerstook their departure. Continuing under the escarpments of Knockore (1179 ft.), which are every now and then interrupted by a lovely dell, we come to (51 m. rt.) Drumna- sole (J. Turnley, Esq)., one of the I 13. — Carnlough—Larne. 115 most beautiful of the many beautiful 1" ; this district. Qi. ( irnlough, a good Tim pi id cheerful looking watering- place, b wn up under the fosl - I iondonderry family, 1 ii pi' i tram-road for bringing the limestone from I has the r< commenda- nery,smooth b ach, A small - i hi iv, rising ills i>\' Collin Top 1 1:26 ft. . it. an wind rist ! valley of - eluded than W < rnlough, I . ( rlenarm ■ in II 1 with a graceful nee lonuell, Earls - in a side of i is entered N".sideofthe brid o 1 1 and mix; rers, para- igh the ex- ry are >n\'- n for ihi- ?. The tourist • r- walk down i . in I of hi mm< d 200 i i inhabited ' /. ■ D i ! 1 ' m . ; I I, IS; I n- . — l em- steep hill. This was for long the only road h> the place, but ii was superseded in 183 1 by the magnificent scheme oi' Mr. Bald, who, by blast- ing the chalk c . and allowing the deoris to serve as a bulwark against the sea, obtain* d room for a broad r al, equal in every respect to the* one completed by Mr. Turnley. The pedestrian, however, will do well to take the old road, which keeps high ground until about half way to Lame. Seme miles out a, \\\o two solitary Hulin or Maiden ro< are conspicuous, b fixed light-- house on each, 84 and 94 ft. re- ctively aim, ter. 63 in. a! is a very fine development of c3 ; on the rt. in the escarpments of Knock i > 1 1 1 1 and Sallagh i, which are shaped Like an amphitheatre, and on 1. in Ballygalley Head, where the basaltic columns are again visible. There are remains of a fort on an insulated rock between the road and the sea, and also of the Elizabethan manor-house of the Shaws : on rt. is Carncastle Lodge (J. Agnew, Esq. . The road now winds along- Le of Drains Bay, and, passing rh a has iltic turmel known as Black Cave, arrives al in. Larih \, Latharaa) Hotel: King's An . a prettily 1 town, which, though not in it- ;'. is a convenii nl point from wh.nee to explore [sland Magee. Prom th and-locked harbour a very c< rable trade has been c 1 on hire, particu- 1 ily in the ;n ; f lime, v, bich is I al Maghera- morne.aboul I m. to the S. A rec< ul opened rly, conn with will doubtless Largely proi pei ity of the port. I U id the ferry the . from it- shape call d < a a reaping- the cui • , which 116 Route 13. — Coleraine to Belfast. Ireland. in former days was celebrated under the name of Older fleet Castle. Henry III. granted the possession of this district to the Scotch family of Bissett, who built the fortress for the protection of their property, though it was subsequently forfeited on account of their participation in rebellion. The only historical event of importance connected with the castle is the landing of Bruce (1315), with an army of 6000 men, for the in- vasion of Ireland. Kaphanus inari- timus grows on the Curraun, near the salt-works. Distances. — Carrickfergus, 14| m. by rail; Glenarm, 11 J; Magliera- morne,4; Glynn, 2. Conveyances. — Gar to Bally castle ; rail to Carrickfergus and Belfast ; steamer daily to Stranraer. Excursions. — 1. Magheraniorne and Glynn. 2. Glenarm. 3. Island Magee. 4. Carrickfergus. [1 m. from the town is a ferry (the rights of which were granted, toge- ther with the castle of Olderfleet, to the Chichester family in the 17th centy.) between the so-called Island Ma2;ee and the mainland. In reality it is only a narrow pro- montory about 5 m. in length and 2 in breadth, running parallel with and separating the mainland from the ocean. " The inhabitants are all of Scottish descent, and are still thoroughly Scotch in dialect, man- ners, and customs ; they are a re- markably intelligent race ; and it is worthy of notice, that out of a popu- lation of nearly 3000, no person living can recollect an instance of a native of this place being imprisoned for or convicted of any criminal offence.' ' — Hall. It was held by the singular tenure of a goshawk and a pair of gloves. On the E. coast the scenery is very fine, particularly at the Gohbins, a range of high cliffs, of basaltic cha- racter, and perforated by 7 caves. The W. coast is not remarkable for anything but its mud banks, particu- larly towards the S., where the shores of Lough Larne approximate. The antiquarian will find near the landing-place a cromlech formed of six upright stones supporting a large flat slab nearly 6 ft. in length. Some years ago several gold ornaments, including a torque, were dug up near this cromlech. " There is an ancient Pagan remain called Carn- doo, or locally ' The Abbey,' on the face of Ballybooley Hill (near Port- muck), consisting of several huge stones ranged in a circle."— Doyle. At Brown's Bay on the N. is a large rocking-stone, which was believed to tremble at the approach of a crimi- nal. Good as was Island Magee as regards moral character, it had an unfortunate notoriety for witchcraft and superstition, the last trial which took place in Ireland being that of a native of this district, who was pil- loried at Carrickfergus in 1711.] Immediately after leaving Larne the road crosses the Larne Water, which rises about 4 m. S.E. at Ceaun Gubha, the "Hill of Grief." Here Tuathal Teachtmar was slain in battle, a.d. 106, by Mai MacBoch- raide, King of Ulster. 69 J m. at Glynn are the ruins of a ch., the nave possessing square- headed windows of an earlier date than those of the chancel, which are pointed. The latter is evidently an addition. [From this village a road shorter by 2 m., but not so practica- ble, runs inland to Carrickfergus, rejoining the coast-road at Eden, and passing en route Glenoe, a very picturesque village in a deep glen, in which a waterfall adds to the beauty of the scene. A new ch. has been built in the vicinity by the exertions of the late Lord Dun- gannon. Passing through the hamlet of Bel toy, we have on rt. Lough Mourne, the waters of which are said to cover a large town, which was thus over- \n. Route 13. — Carrickfergus t 117 wl. ' i at the r< qu< art i f a pilgrim who had been refused hospitality, and had cursed it at his departure. leu.] Between Glynn and M >rue House l\ M'Garel, |. , near which arc the exten- v- lime-works before mentioned, tin ist will notice the effects of a 1 _ ■ Landslip which in 1834 car- rid away the ouch-mad. A narrow ip of Lias nm- alongside the Lougb and will yield a number o\' charac- teristic lias fossils to the collector — r atacrinites, Plagiostoina, rpluea, Aminonit< . ly opposite the commence- bhe Lough Lame arc the vil- ry a station on the . and the rui Temple- die of in religion in Ireland, firsl congregation was 13 by R< v. Edward 1 The living of Kilroot was ippointment obtained by 1 i Swift, d resigned 'its oncong - d solitud . I to the high read dell of the Salt Hole, the ey McDonnell's inta- in 1597, when Sir torof Carrick- to finish I i itt d at ( rlynn. of R< v. D. il. I ' through Island in. Aboul y na. 1. • remains on t N*. 1 in. furtl pro] ry of ! I 1, well worth visiting I ;1 <•] T I and My 1 attr ddenly ap- tly r< c the ■ ' taken advantage to pui their wir< in connection with Carrickfergus. 79 in. rt. are i\w demesnes of Bellahill M. Dalway, Esq), Castle Dobbs C. Debits, Esq.), and Or- lands (J. Smyth, Esq.); and soon afterwards, passing the village of Eden, between which and Kilroot the botanist will find Orobanche rubra, Carex Buxhaumi, and Oalama grostis, we arrive at 82 in. the time-honoured pori of Carrickfergus I anc. Carraic - Fear- gusa Hotel: Victoria, very poor) Pop. 4028 . The town is mean and dirty, bul its situation on the shoi of the Belfast Lough, goes far to redeem these faults : added to which. its historic ass iciations and its well- preserved remains will amply repay a day Bpenl here. These remains arc — 1. The Castle; 2. Walls; 3. Church. The Castle is a magnificent speci- men of an inhabited Anglo-Norman fortn ss, and was built by De Courcy in 1178, to protect his Ulster posses- ns. It changed hands, however, during the invasion of Bruce, who; having captured Olderfleet, occu- pied Carrickfergus after a long and irited del'' -nee by the English garri- son under Mandeville. After I)i lice's fall, in the battle near Dundalk, the ain reverted to the English, and. v i few occasional chang into Scotch or Irish posa ssion during the troubled times of 1641, remaim d with them. Mention Bhould also 1 e made of the attack by the French, under Thurot, in L760, though their bucc< bs was but shortlived. The squadron under Elliott over- ■k the French near the [ale of Man, and during th< tneni it followed Thurol was killed. Tl Le occupi trong position on a rock overlooking the Lough, 1 at high water is surround d on i he S. The entr.iit •«• from land is through a fine by a called a Half-moon. T. 118 Route 13. — Colerainc to Belfast Ireland. visitor will notice the usual defen- sive appliances, such as portcullis, embrasures for fire-arms, and the apertures for pouring melted lead, &c., upon the assailants. Within the gates is the lower yard or ballium, containing guard-rooms and bar- racks ; and to the S. again is the upper yard, from which rises the most conspicuous portion of the cas- tle — the great donjon or keep, a huge square tower of 5 stories. " The largest room, called Fergus's Dining-room, was in the 3rd story, with some circular windows ; it was 25 ft. high, 38 ft. broad, 40 ft. long ; the ground story was bombproof, and within the keep was a draw-well 37 ft. deep, but now nearly choked up with rubbish." - — M'Skimmins History of Carrickfergus. The walls of the castle follow the sinuosities of the rock all round. Since 1843 it bus been garrisoned for the crown by a detachment of artillery and pen- sioners, and has lately been refitted with guns of newer type and calibre. The visitor is allowed to inspect the whole, with the exception of the keep, part of which is used as a magazine. The walls have to a great extent disappeared, but they may be traced on the W. side of the town, and partly on the N., where a round arched gateway still exists. The ch , dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a cruciform building, surmounted by a broad spire with a balustrade round the base. Notice the singular Elizabethan style of the N. transept, with its arable ends. In the interior are some r markable monuments, pecially one to Lord Donegal, with 2 principal kneeling figures repre- uting Sir Arthur Chichester, first Earl of] his wife. Below is the effigy of Sir John Chichester, Who was taken in the ambuscade at Salthole, and beheaded. It is id that " Sorley McDonnell, being in Carrickfergus, went to sec the monuments in the ch., and, upon Sir John's effigy being pointed out, he said, ' How the deil cam he to get his head again? for I am sure I ance tak it frae him.' " The transept is divided from the nave by 2 round-headed arches and round piers. The ch. is lighted by a 3-light window on N. of chancel, a stained-glass S. window, and 2 sin- gular rose lights on either side of the organ. A subterranean passage now blocked up communicates with a Franciscan monaster} 7- , which for- merly existed some way from the church. A pleasant and useful custom exists of the bell ringing at 6 morn- ing and evening, for the use of the workmen in the town, thus asso- ciating with the dignity of labour the practical remembrance of religion. The geologist may pay a visit to the salt-mines at Duncrue, that lie to the W. of the town. They are situated in the triassic sandstone deposit, which borders the Belfast Lough all the way from White Head to Belfast. Conveyances. — From Carrickfergus to Belfast, Antrim, and Larne, by rail. Distances. — Belfast, 9 J m. ; An- trim, 15 J ; Larne, 15 J; Glenarm, 26. Leaving on 1. the ancient site of the Abbey of Woodburn, the tra- veller arrives at the Junction of the Antrim and Coleraine Bly., and is soon deposited at 91J m. Belfast (Ete. 5). ' Route U.— Dublin to Gal rTE 14. DUBLIN TO MULLINGAR, ATHLONE, BALLINA5LOE, AND GALWAY. of t' ate, 12 I m., the INJ d Gk in 1 852, i ■ trunk lines of Ire- a I I L toiL it lie iii- Mr. And 3 or 8 impai I a prel ; and on rt. the villages of aevin, with its cemel ad botanical gar- dens,and Finglas, also the observatory of Dunsink, all of which are adjacent to the valley of the Tolka river. They ie been described in Rte. 1. A fine background is afforded on the 1. by the ranges of the Dublin and Wicklow mountains, which, however, i a few m radually trend to s. id. Blanchardstoum Stat. H< is ;: large religious house for nuns ; 1 adjoining the village is Abbots- n. i he residence el' .1. Hamilton, ;.. M.P. [1 in. 1., occupying the summit of Knockmaroon Hill, CastlektiQcilt, a 11 village, with the nuns of a merry held by Hugh de T, rrel against Edward Bruce in 1316. It was «>n this occ ptured, and tin in 1642 by ti e Duke of Albe- marle, " wh< v in the assault so its defenders, and subsequently ay more." The worthy of Dublin will doubtless find ater a strawberry - for which the valley of the . and which exh nd for a le distance on i ride mi" i!i s river.] kable fora vi i" :'» in. in length, !j> or middle carbomi [From t 1 mblin and i Co. 1 toNa vim ;i h 1 boyne 1 ;• of tie ni 1 in. : • ruin- of tho d in Rte. 15. x d- I d( ra of 129 Route 14. — Dublin to Galway. Ireland. of Earl to the family of Bingham, is charmingly situated, about 1 m. to the 1. on the S. hank of the Liffev, here crossed by a single-arched stone bridge of TOO ft. span, with iron balus- trades. Lncan was celebrated for its spa, though fashion has long ago de- serted it, " Its fame was derived from its sulphuretted hydrogen water, flowing from a bed of calp limestone, which contains pyrites." — Knox. The banks of the river are charm- ingly set off by ornamental parks and residences, amongst which are Lncan House (C. Colthurst, Esq.), "Woodville House (Sir Hopton Scott), and St. Edmonsbury House (W. Berwick, Esq.). In the grounds of the former house, into which visitors are admitted, are the remains of the fortress of the Sarsfields, the ances- tors of the Binghams. [The tourist who may wish to return to town by a different route can go across from Lncan to the other stat. on the Great Southern and Western Ely. (Rte. 25), distant 1 J m. He may also proceed from the village to Leixlip, visit the salmon-leap, and rejoin the Midland hue at Leixlip Stat,] 10 m. rt. (at winch point the tra- veller enters Kildare county) are the partial remains of a curiously tall tower, known as Confey Castle, sup- posed to have been one of many that were erected by the early colonists to protect themselves from the attacks of the native Irish. When in pre- servation, it consisted of a massive square tower of 5 stages, with turrets at the N. and W. angles, and had a principal entrance under a semi- circular archway. 11 m. Leixlip Stat. [J m. from i on 1. is the ancient little town of Leixlip, situated at the confluence of the Rye Water with the Liffey, i is crossed by a stone bridge of 3 arches. Overlooking the wooded iks of the river is the modernized , flanked on the W. by a cir- cular, and on the E. by a square tower, the building of which is attri- buted to Adam Fitz-Hereford, one of the earliest of Anglo-Norman settlers, and a follower of Strong- bow. It is now the residence of C. P. Hoffman, Esq. The chief part of the property round Leixlip formerly belonged to the Earls of Kildare, from whom it passed into the Co- nolly family. A short distance up the stream is the famous salmon- leap, where the Liffey tumbles over a broad though not high ledge of limestone rocks in a very picturesque cataract — a favourite resort of picnic- lovers from Dublin — " For Leixlip is proud of its close shady bowers, Its clear falling waters and murm'rmg cascades, Its groves of fine myrtle, its beds of sweet flowers, Its lads so well dress'd, and its neat pretty maids." O'Keefe. The visitor must not found his hopes too strongly on seeing the salmon ascend the ledge "per sal- tum/' as it is only at certain times and seasons that the operation is pei- formed. The botanist will find Hie- raeium hirsutum growing near the Leap. 1 m. higher up the river is crossed at Newbridge by a very ancient bridge of 4 arches (the 2 middle ones being pointed), built in 1308 by John le Decer, then mayor of Dublin, and believed to be the oldest struc- ture of the kind now existing in Ireland. On the rt. bank of the Liffey are the grounds of St. IVul- stans (R. Cane, Esq.), containing some interesting Dec. gateways, the remains of the priory founded here by Adam Fitz-Hereford, at the be- ginning of the 13th cent., in honour of St. Wulstan, Bishop of Wor- cester, who had been just before ca- nonized. On the opposite side of the stream is Castletown House, the seat of Thos. Con oily, Esq., M.P., whose ancestor, the Right Hon. Wil- liam Conolly, was Speaker of the IrF!..\ Route 11. — Maynoi ih. 121 House of Commons in the time of n Anne. The house is ;i fine - mewhat overgrown build- ting of a C4 ntre connected with 1 wings by semicircular colon- nad< p. Bv a favourite Irish fiction, ii 1 to contain a window for i very day in the y< ar, just as all the lak< - are said to be Furnished with ads. The grounds contain - »me splendid cedar-tre< - in. from Leixlip is the pretty vi' ' noted for being !« nee of Miss Esther Van- _ u the illfa ted Vanessa of Dean 6 rift. Fr< >m hence the tourisl can turn to Dublin from Hazlehatch it. \- .on the Great Southern ] valley of the Rye W a com] \ ith an aqueduct 100 ft. height for the accommo- dation i canal, and skirting the I rton on rt., the line 15 in. Maynooth Hotel: Leinster Ana- . a small, tolerably built town, ataining sev< ral interesting obj< i Pop. 1497). I ospicuous from the rly. i- the massif er of the castle, nied for its strength and during its tenure by ul family Kildaiv. It s said • n built, or more bly n 1. in J [26 by •I and remained in tin* | i • , . raids until • 1 [( nry VI 1 1., * hen, the reb< llion of I. rd I - I aid, bett known as Silken Thomas, from his of Bilk, it B i William Brei whom it \s;i> treacherously d by < stopher Pares* . I 1 •• raldim s. The . however, rightly * i - • d, made t<> him i I i nin-. which v kept in ord< I .. • . ' .win r the soil, consist of a mas p, with a considerable extent of out- works, strengthened at interv; towers. The importance of the f< r- tress at the time of its capture is thus quaintly described: "Greate and riche was the Bpoile— such store ofbeddes, so many goodly hangings, so riche a wardrob, such brave furni- ture, as truly it was accompted, for householde Btuffe and utensil-, one of the richest Earle his homes under the crowne of England e." — Holinshed. Hard by is the'Colleg which, from the political feelings called into play, has made Maynooth famous in modern [rish history. A college was founded here in L513 l»y (orald 8th Earl <>t' Kildare, who ap- pointed provost and vice-provost, and endowed it with lands round the tower of Taghadoe. It b< came, how- ever, an institution for the education of Irishmen in 1795, in consequence of the suspension of the continental colleges from the continuance of the war. The former building was unsightly and inconvenient, being in fact a series of additions made at different times to a house built by Lord Leinster's butler; but all this has since been remedi< d by the beautiful designs of Pugin, consist- ing of an E. Eng. quadrangle, 340 by 300 ft. The college of Maynooth, • r since its foundation in 17. has been maintained by grants, first from the [rish and afterwards from the [mperial Parliament, the annual vote from 1808 to 1813 being 82832., afterwards raised to 89282. By an act passed in the present reign, the college was permanently endow* I for the maintenance and education of 500 students and of 20 Beni scholars on the foundation by Lord Dunboyne, b< which 30,0002. was Bel aparl for the erection of the building The course of study requires * years for its com- tion, and n<> student is admitt< tl ep1 he be intended for the Irish I. Adjoining t 1 o 122 Route 14. — Dublin to Galway. Ireland. is the parish eh., possessing a very massive tower, and some Dee. w indows. Close to the town is the entrance gate to Carton, the seat of the Dnke of Leinster, Ireland's only Duke. Itis a handsome Grecian building, consist- ing of centre with wings, connected by corridors, and possessing in the interior a library and some choice pictures. The entrance is by a porch surmounted by a triangular pediment, in the tympanum of which are the arms of the family. The park is very extensive, and is more thoroughly English in the character of its timber and scenery than in almost any estate in Ireland. Land- scape-gardening has been carried to a high pitch, and every point has been seized which could be made available for effect. The property of Carton formerly belonged to the Talbots, a younger branch of the Talbots of Malahide, and was pur- chased in 1738 by the 19th Earl of Kildare from a Mr. Ingoldsby. The mansion was designed by Cassels, a celebrated Dublin architect, who built the town houses of the Leinster and Waterford families, as well as the Lying-in Hospital. The visitor to Carton by road from Leixlip need not return by the same gate, but may proceed direct to Maynooth. [A few m. to the S. of Maynooth is the round tower of Taghadoe, remark- able for being of greater dimensions than is usual in such structures. The college of Maynooth was endowed with the lands round this tower.] 19i m. Kilcoek, a little town on the rt., need not detain the tourist, as it possesses nothing save a cele- brity for provincial races. A coach leaves Ferndock Stat., 21 V m., every afternoon for Trim, 11 m. (Bte. 15). 25 J in. L, very near the line, is Cloncurry ruined eh., and a singular mound, probably of a sepulchral cha- racter. The traveller will notice with regret that the pretty English scenery through which he lias been hitherto passing has been gradually changing and giving place to me- lancholy and dreary bog, a por- tion of the bog of Allen, continu- ing for the greater portion of the way to Mullingar. The beautiful though distant ranges of the Dublin mountains have also nearly dis- appeared in the distance. 26i Enfield (Bte. 15), a neatly kept little town, where the tourist who wishes to explore the archaeo- logical treasures of the Boyne will have to leave the rly. Distances. — Edenderry, 11 m. ; Trim, 11 ; Carbury, 7. 30J m. Moyvalley, close to which is Ballina, the seat of Right Hon. More O'Ferrall, M.P. ; and at 38 m. the line crosses the river Boyne, which, as far as picturesque features are concerned, will probably dis- appoint. In this early part of its course it is boggy and sluggish, a condition which the operations of the Draining Commissioners have not helped to remove, but have rather increased. About 2 m. to the 1. the tower of Clonard eh. is visible (Bte. 15). At 36 m. Hill of Down Stat., the traveller may have an oppor- tunity of examining the ingenious manner in which Mr. Hemans, the engineer of the rly., overcame the difficulties which presented them- selves. " In these bogs he has relied wholly on a careful and complete system of drainage, whereby the upper crust is so perfectly hardened and dried, that the rails and heavy trains are supported upon it by a light framework of timber." The Hill of Down itself is formed of drift gravel. 41 m. KiUucan Stat. (Hotel : Moore's.) The town, a little to the rt., contains nothing of interest. In the neighbourhood are Biversdale (E. G. Briscoe, Esq.), Grangemore (J. Briscoe, Esq.), Hyde Park (G. Ireland. Route 14. — Mullingar— Lough Ennel. 1 >' \ Esq.), Huntingdon House W < Mini::in, Esq. , Clonlosl J, nt. Es [. . Lisnabin («. Purdon, . Killynon R. Reynell, Esq.). A g ■! \ iew is obtained from Knock- elieban Hill IT:; ft. I monotony of the bog now - more interrupted, and the ■untry again assumes a cultivated • 1< <1 appearance, lill we arrive rtant inland town of, m., Mull Hob / : Murray's . IS , on< i»t" the most extensive [reland Pop.542 and tlie usual county bi \ -'iiaatli are also re. It is the centre of in butter, wool, frieze, which i \- ral dai s, being laid N Mullingar, both in the of its buildings of all arena cal -■■• in to beof modem li it was in reality one si ancient of palatinate t«- s I by the English settl in M< "!i, and p atle, a St Augustine, Dominicans, of i buildings there are now no I • :ene of an ob- lit in !:;:;:•. when Lord I tier was attacked and slain 1 ill l;it< p d; • rinckel William UL's of Athloi • still ke< •r which it- cen- tal positi* ticularly T] in the im- lilxmrhood is pretty I is k er weft !<• lak( fibrd- of I j I, Owe! i I ■ i : ■ ■ . l • • a r.niM-1 2 in. the Brw ; I ; ' whole district was formerly known as M The Country ofthe Waters." The tourist should visit Multi- t'arnhani Abbey on the Longford Rly. Rte. 18 .' I own yances. - Rail to Dublin, Ath- lone, Gal way, Ca van, Longford, and Bligo. Cars to Ballymahon and Kil- beggan. Distances, — Longford, ^<; m. ; Ca- van, 36; Multifarnham, 7 J ; Dublin, 50 : Athlone, 28 ; Ballymahon, 18 ; Kilbeggan, 14; Lough Owel, 2: Lough Enn< i. 2. Excursions. — 1. Lough Ennel, 2. Lough ( >wel and Multifarnham. A pleasant excursion may be tal to the head of Lough Ennel, »»ii< r- wise called Belvidere Lake, from the mansion and estate of the same name overlooking it. It is a pretty lake of about 5 in. in length, well wooded on one side, though not pre- iting any scenery to entitle it to higher praise. The fishing is good, and the trout run from 1 to L0 lbs., the best season being at the end of May and June, when the green drake is on the water. Th< are several residences on either hank : on the rt. are Lvnnhnnv J. Rutherford, Esq. . Bloomfield (Col. I ulfield , Belvidi re B. Marl< v. i Isq. , a seal of the Earl of I borough, in whose grounds is a Ian • ado-ruin intended for a prior] ; Rochforl House, an untenanted man- i belonging Sir Francis Hop- kii it., who, in consequence of an attempted assassination, suddenly abandom d it to reside elsewhen oeville House Hon. II. Parnell , Dunboden Pari Mrs I oj r), Gay- brook R. Smyth, Esq. , ( Sarrick W. I i therstonel augh, Esq. ; w hile «»n the W, side arc Lillipui Horn Had- Esq . Middleton Hon G. B yd, Esq. . Bellmounl A. I;, ill t I Ladestown J. Lyons, Esq. . A ■ in. tip c ".d. w hich has hiti.- rto kepi closely alongside ti rly., I it at BaUina Bridge ai I G 2 124 Route 14. — Dublin to Galwaij. Ireland. turns off X. to Longford. With an oc- casional view over the low shores of Lough Ennel on L, the rly. now passes through a less attractive country to 58 m. Castletown, a small village on 1. The whole of this district is abundantly dotted with raths, re- lieved every few miles by a single ruined tower, marking the residence of some native chief. 62 m. Streamtfown, a little beyond which, on 1., close to the line, is the ruined tower of Laragh. At this point is a junction with the Clara branch of the Great Southern and Western Hallway. 67 m. 1. is the newly-drained lakelet of Balllnderry, where the labourers employed on the rly. works in 1850 discovered large quantities of bones of animals, associated with ancient spears and weapons, together with some very primitive canoes cut out of a single tree. 88 m. Moate, a thriving little place, much frequented by Quakers, " taking its name from a moat or rath at the back of the town, in what was originally the territory of the McLoughlins, and which was called after Grace McLoughlin ' Grana oge,' or Grace's Moat." —Lewis. Close to the town are Moate Park (Lord Crofton) and Ballynagartry. Pass- ing 73 m. 1. Glynwood House, the t of J. Long worth, Esq., the tra- veller soon perceives on 1. the ap- proaching junction line of the South- Western line, and, crossing the noble stream of the Shannon, enters 78 m. the city of Athlone (Hotel: Bergins", tolerably comfortable) (Rte. 25,, which has played a more important part in the history of Ire- land than any other town, with the exception perhaps of London- derry (Pop. 6227 . Although a set- tlement existed here, known by the name of " Ath-Luain," the ford of the moon, or, according to others, " Atli- Luan," the ford of the rapids, it was not until the reign of John that the castle was erected, and it became an important military station— so im- portant, indeed, that when Henry III. granted the dominion of Ireland to Prince Edward, Athlone was ex- pressly reserved. During the insur- rection of 1641 the castle and town under Lord Eanelagh were closely besieged by the Connaught men for 22 weeks, until the garrison, reduced by famine and disease, was relieved by a convoy from the Dublin army ; and it was taken a second time by the Parliamentary army under Sir C. Coote. It was, however, during James II.'s reign that Athlone was the scene of such stirring events. Col. Grace then held it successfully for that king for 8 days against William III.'s army under Gen. Dou- glas, who retired to make way for a more formidable opponent, Gen. De Ginckeli, who occupied the eastern part of the town and commenced a cannonade lasting from the 20th to the 30th of June, 1691, during which time 12,000 cannon-balls and 600 shells were thrown on to the castle and the Roscommon side of the town. So brave a defence was offered by the Irish army under Gen. St. Ruth, that it was at last determined to storm the city by assault, and the final struggle took place at the ford of the Shannon, the narrow bridge over which had been well-nigh shat- tered during the cannonade. " It was 6 o'clock : a peal from the steeple of the ch. gave the signal. Prince George of Hesse Darmstadt, and a brave soldier named Hamilton, whose services were afterwards re- warded with the title of Lord Boyne, descended first into the river. Then the grenadiers lifted the Duke of Wurtemburg on their shoulders, and with a great shout plunged 20 abreast up to their cravats in water. The Irish, taken unprepared, fired one confused volley and fled, leaving their commander, Maxwell, a pri- soner. The victory was complete. Planks were placed on the bioken \XP. Route 11. — Athlone, - \ the bridge, and pontoons laid in the river, without any oppo- i the pari of the temm d prison. With the loss of 12 men I. -1 and about 30 wounded, the or\ish had in a few minutes forced their way into Connaught." — Mi - St. Ruth removed Ins forces mi hei \ ughrim, aboul 1 5 in. -. I i ; Athlone is gene- iv attributed to I rerweening conh'dei St. Ruth, who, intoxi- w itli a the failure of t attempt of the English ^ roused from his slum- just in time to Learn the irre- iblo 1< sioned by his pre- \ ." Taybrr. Anamns- ing allusion is to this in ' The iriiit — England b i .\ n. wlvn I - * >f war ar<- nigh? pursue, tta ia near, afid that will ur aid would do much bet id your Tl, [naming history of - • struction of a . including the citadi •i of the during ;i thundi m. rly. stat., it is by the Shan- ;t noble and Btately I • in hward eour Limerick. lern improvement ! i of the on the L bank, is ill-built and • ed ; but thi t the pulled d" ■ t«. i \\;i\ for 1 • 11- $ i'i«- i built in the nd v. uly id. The 1 e:i-th the whole building lias been so tillered and added to at difl'« -n periods, that the onlyold portion is the keep, in the centre of the court, now used as a barrack. Like Mullingar, Athlone is a very important military station, and contains barracks which line the road from the rly. stat. tor 1500 men. besides 15,000 stand of arms, with hospital, and all the in- v adjuncts to a garrison town, defended by torts and redoubts on the Connaughl side of the town. The visitor will not tail to observe the singular l>nt graceful railway bridge r which the Dublin line is earned across the Shannon, "being a con- struction on the bowstring and lattice principle. It 18 entirely of iron, supported by 12 cylindrical piers, and is 560 ft in extreme length, including 2 spans over roads on either side of the river. It con- sists of 2 spans of L75, and 2 of 40 ft. each, the latter separated by a pier, formed by 4 cylinders, supporting a swivel, which admits of the naviga- tion of the adjacent opens." — Fraser. Athlone presents no archaeological remains, with the exception of the ile. or portion of the town wall of considerable height and thick- ness . and the doorway of the hoi in which ( len. ( rinckell resided. The churches are all modern, although it formerly p ed 2 or 3 oon- itual establishing nts. The pai eh., close to the hotel, rej< in 2 tow< re, one of which i lated, and 1>. Longed to an earli< r building. I mveyances. -By rail to Dublin and to Roscommon and « rtle- bar, also by Great Southern Rly. I irlington en rout.- for the cond day rw - down the Shannon to ( Honmacnoise and Killakx Rte.34 , whence th< re i- rail to Limerick. I taily a I >ng- ford thron ihon. ( Parsonst* > -• n. T »iil -M. : Mnllin- Ballinai • . 13; Lissoy, common, U 126 Tloute 14. — Dublin to Galicay. Ireland. Castlereagh, 33; Clonmacnoise, SJ ; Banagher, 20; Killaloe, 59; Por- tuinna, 32}. Excursions. — 1. Lough Rea and Rindown. 2. Clonmacnoise. 3. Ballyniahon. [An excursion should be made to the foot of Lough Ilea (auc. Ribh), one of those extraordinary though pic- turesque expansions of the Shannon which are so peculiar to this river, com- mencing about 2 m. above Athlone, and extending N. for several m. Although the character of the scenery is not hilly, yet the banks are in many parts richly wooded, as are also the numerous islands, some of them being of considerable size, and nearly all possessing some ecclesiastical ruins of ancient date. The principal are Inchcleraun, Saints' Island, Inch- turk, Inchmore, and Hare Island, the L'tter a perfect gem of woodland scenery, aided by art in the shape of a lodge belonging to Lord Castlemaine, who occasionally resides here.] [An- other visit may be paid to Bally- inalion 14 m., passing through the hamlet of Lissoy or Auburn. 3 m. at Ballykeeran the road crosses the Breensford river almost at its fall into one of the bays of Lough Rea. 1 m. rt. is Moydrum Castle, the beautiful mansion of Lord Castle- maine. Following the shore of Lough Killinure, a small expansion of Lough Rea, the road passes through 5 m. Glassan, where a branch on 1. leads to the ferry to Hare Island. Go rt. is Waterstown House (Hon. T. Harris-Temple). 8 in., the village of Lissoy or Auburn is supposed to have been deli- neated by the poet Goldsmith in his 'Deserted Village.' He is said to have been born in this spot, although a place called Pallas, near Bally- mahon, also claims the honour. It is not so clear that Lissoy was in J us mind when he wrote his cele- brated poem ; and although ' The Three Pigeons,' the apple-tree, " The never-failing brook, the busy mill, The decent church that topp'd the neigh- b'ring bill," have always been considered by en- thusiasts as identical with the subjects of the poem, it is more probable " that everything in it is English, the feelings, incidents, descriptions, and allusions. Scenes of the poet's youth had doubtless risen in his memory as he wrote, mingling with and taking altered hue from later experiences." — Forster's Life of Goldsmith. 14 m. Bally mahon, a small town, prettily situated on the Inney, which runs under a bridge of 5 arches, and falls over ledges of rock, winding its way between wooded islands. In the neighbourhood are Newcastle (Hon. L. King-Harman), Castlecove (Captain Hussy), and Creenaghmore.] From Athlone the line runs through a dreary and uninteresting country to 9J m. Ballmasloe fane. Bal-atha- na-sluigheadh) (Hotel: Railway), so well known through Great Britain for its enormous horse and cattle fairs (Pop. 3911). The town lies in a low position on the banks of the Suck river, which intersects and in fact divides Roscommon from Galway. Gn the eastern side are the Lunatic Asylum for Connaught, and the ruins of Ballinasloe Castle, which in the reign of Elizabeth was one of the strongest fortresses in Ireland. The outer walls only remain, and are incorporated with a modern residence. The great fair of the year, which, to English eyes, presents a scene of rare confusion, is held from the 5th to the 9th of October, partly in the neighbouring grounds of Garbally and partly in the town. In the park " the herds of the most extensive flockmasters of Connaught generally occupy the same localities from year to year; but there are sometimes stiff contests between them, in order to maintain their ground against intruders." The num.- I JR->utc 14. — Kilconnell. L27 i - gold at this fair in L861 11. although in some former many as 97.000 have been spost <1 of. In L862, however, the number - ilea was considerably Adjoining the town is ('ar- il)-, the very beautiful park of * incartv, who Liberally throw 8 it open for the enjoyment of the towuspM opl( The house contains 1 puintin I *, l ur to Ballybrophy tin - - ns town and Roscrea. I > ~ - Pars >n8tqwn, 25J m. : - : I ■'.; I I d •:!!!. 11'.: A U- Kileonuell, • . — I. G * K IconnelL Q. [.> m. V >m I' Ilinasloe, on the road tnnell, i- the village of Au- rim, famous for the battle which Aughrim I lill. aboul the 8., on July 12th, L691 tor tin of Athlone . I sh army under < ren. Id Lord Luean sh army under Ginckel i narsh. I ish position Kilcommodon Hill now capped • rn ch. - ery stroi landing this advanta of numbers, the ed with a Loss of *id< - th< ir commander, St. Ruth, by a cannon- tttefied; ill, 'ii. • A 1 known \ in. to th - 1 farm of Mr. th a visil from thi 1 in th< i;il I i. and ] the vii. H .I'll anc, Cil-chonaill), which may be reached in 4 m. from WoocQawn Stat. : but as a car may not al- ways be obtained, the Bafesl plan will be to visil it from Ballina- Bloe. It is celebrated for its ruined abbey, founded in 1 loo for Fran- ciscan friars by William O'Kelly, on the site of an earlier ch. raised by St. I onnall. " As picturesque a ruin aa can be where there are neither hills, rocks, lake, nor river, and but a few distant trees ; perhaps its ivy- mantled tower and roofless gables were bitter in keeping with the waste and desolation that presided over the place, destitute as it is of any modern improvement and deco- ration whatever/ 1 — Otway. It is a cruciform ch., consisting of nave, choir, and transept, with cloisters and domestic buildings, and a very graceful though slender tower of '1 stages rising from the intersection. The Dee. windows are remarkable for the beauty of their tracery, while the cloisters are one of the m< al perfect examples in Ireland. The area is small, only 4 s ; ft. square, and is enclosed by pointed arches on each side, the columns of which are not curried down to the ground, but Bpring from a Low wall The whole effect is in Gael "more like a cloister in Sicily or Spain than anything in these islands." — Fergusson. In the interior of the ch. are some monuments, and a tablel to the memory of some members of the Trimlestown family, "whoe, being transplanted intoConaghl with others by orders of the vsvrper ( Iromwell, dyed at Moinivae, L667." A pretty in the village has been restored by the Etonian ( Satholic clergy. 101] in. On 1. of WoocUawn Stat, is Woodlawn 1 [oust ,th< n al oi 1 rord Ashtown. On a hill overlook^ the station rt is a castellated edi- . known Trench'e Monument, :i mausol< inn for the Ashtown family. From hi ace the 123 Route 14. — Dublin to Gal way. Ireland. rly. runs over a miserable, bleak, and stony country to 113J m. Athenry (with accent on last syllable) (Hotel: Railway) (lite. 27 ; , a miserable town, which, as far as ruined antiquities go, is a veritable Tadmor in the wilderness. It was thought by Sir James Ware t.> have been, with great probability, the chief town of the Anteri, whom Ptolemy places in this part of Ireland. At all events, it was of importance during the Anglo-Norman invasion, having been the first raised and the principal town of the De Burghs and Berminghams, whose fortress even now exists. Under the shelter of its defences many ecclesiastical esta- blishments rose up, amongst which were a Dominican abbey founded in 1261, which became the favourite ch. and burial-place of the Earls of Ulster and all the chief Irish families ; and a Franciscan priory, founded in 1464 by the Earl of Kildare. The importance of the town, however, decayed in 1577, when the 2 sons of the Earl of Clanricarde nearly de- stroyed it by fire, a proceeding which was again repeated (it hav- ing been rebuilt in the mean time) by the northern Irish in 1596. The castle consists of a mas- sive quadrangular keep surrounded by outworks. It is of the usual square un ornamented style, and lighted by a few eylet-holes. The walls of the town are in toler- able keeping, and retain a castel- lated gateway, the doorway of which presents some examples of interlacing work. The Dominican abbey is a cruciform church, of which the intersecting tower has disappeared. The E. window, of 4 Lights, is of beautiful design. The whole of the ruin-, 1 "-ether with the modern ch., are surrounded by as miserable a collection of hovels as i well be seen in any Irish town. In the neighbourhood of Athenry rue Cnstle Lambert (W. Lambert, Esq.), Castle Ellen (W. P. Lambert, Esq.), and Moyode (R. B. Persse, Esq.). Conveyances. — By rail to Dublin and Gal way. By rail to Tuam. Coach to Westport. Car to Lough- rea. Distances. — Galway, 13m.; Oran- more, 8; Loughrea, 11; Tuam, 16; Monivea, 7. Passing on 1. the square fortress of Derrydonnel, the traveller reaches 121 m. Oranmore, a village situ- ated at the head of a creek which forms part of Galway Bay. Here is another square tower, built by the Earl of Clanricarde, who, on the breaking out of the war in 1641, "placed it under the command of Capt. Willoughby, who also held the fort at Galway, and surrendered both of them to the Catholic forces in 1643." — Lewis. From hence the rail runs through a dreary and stony district, though the monotony is soon relieved by exquisite views of the bay of Galway, which stretches out to the W. as far as the eye can see. Crossing an arm of the bay known as Lough Athaliah, on the N. shore of which are Merview (P. Joyce, Esq.) and Renmore (P. Lynch, Esq.), the tourist arrives at 126 J m. the ancient city of Galway (Rte. 20) (Hotels: Railway, comfort- able ; Black's ; Kilroy's). Ikki.a Route 15. — Enfield to Drogheda, 129 ROUTE i; EDENDERRY \\:> ENFIELD DROGHEDA, THROUGH TRIM AND NAVAN. * Enfield Rte. 1 1 . ;i station, distant from Dublin, on the Mid- : < . • \ n Rly., is the i whence tjie traveller - bis excursion from the the I '> •> !!<• i" its mouth. Ad car runs from tin- stat to . 1 1 in., but it •• r a. At Eden- be I m. 7 ' ' CUpil 8 a on the sununit ill 171 ti. . which, I •>{' tin- lonimands v. ry wide i rb< rry anc.Cairbre- l though in-' date. The original 1 >e Bermii earliest 1 ish i • «l troubl ■ nt., having been lished and • 1 1 Bermingh hai the Weill * ' I ■• 'ii I I Mornii 2t m in 17 1 building l iioi - i it ill inted I ehii il- rticu- . less tli -1 .if ully mould* r- Bonry, the massive walls, the d< 1 1> me-roofed donjons, the principal of which runs For 85 ft. underneath the great keep from S. to. N.. the mani- fest antiquity of the entire of the western end, and the general arrange- ment of the \\ hole, tiiat the present ruin consists of structures which would appear to 1>< as old as the L2th cent"— Sir IT. Wilde. On the Summit of the hill are some ancient Pi gan remains, and the ruined eh. of Temple 1 >oath. About 1} ni. to the N. is ruin of Iffj Lerstowu Castle, consist] of a lofty tower. This was also a fori-. 9B (.f the I )<■ Benninghams The view from the summit of ( Jar- berry hill stretches over the count,- - of Meath, Westmeath, Oarlow, Kil- dare, Dublin, King's, and Queen's; Looking westward, the hills of Cro- ghan, Edenderry, and Oarrick r conspicuous from the flats. S. are the ranges ofKildare, including the Chair ; while, nearer home, the various atles and churches of Car- berry, Mylerstown, Edenderry, Kin- naiad, and Carrick arc dotted about. At the foot of the hill is Xe\v- l i rry Hall P. Pilkington, Esq. . 11 in. Edenderry Hotel: Now- lan's . ;i neat, well-to-do little town, under the care of i he Marqu< ss of Downshire, the owner of the A si itue in memory of the int.; •upi( - i. conspicuous !,"ii near the eh. tie of Blundells picturesquely cro^ - the Limestone hill that overhangs it. Although ii"t near enough to be much benefited by the rly., it hi 3 the advantaj branch from ti iii ( Sana!. The geologist should visit the quarry in the Lower Limestoi kalian, a little t«. the B., which contains, in the Lower portion, hori- of black marbli . ai i conformably on th< m <-r - talline lim< stones, joint, d v< rticalh in such a u lumnar. / ' li< Id. I 1 in. : Clo- Philipstown, 1 1 h. :; 130 Route 15. — Enfield to Drogheda. Ireland. Conveyances. — Car daily to En- field. In the demesne is Trinity Well, the source of the river Boyne, 289 ft. above the sea. As might be ex- pected from its varied course, and the historical incidents which every- where mark it, the Boyne has been the subject of divers legends in its infancy, the basis of all wMeh ap- pears to be that it was so named after an Irish princess, Boan or Boinne, who was drowned in it. From hence it has a course more or less sluggish for about 70 m. to the sea at Drogheda, running generally from S.W. to N.E. Many parts are extremely beautiful, while all are more or less replete with ruins, Pa- gan remains, and scenes of historical interest. Probably no river in Ire- land possesses so many celebrated towns and neighbourhoods : — " Ecce Boan qui Trim celer influit, istius undas Subdere se salsis Drogheda cernit aquis." Necham, 1217. Continuing on the road to Clonard, the tourist arrives at 11 J m. the ruins of Monasterori8 9 a small eh. of the 14th cent, with a double belfry ; also portions of a monasteiy with walls of great thickness, and, on an adjoining tumulus, of a square dovecot. This, too, was a foundation of the Ber- minghams, viz. Sir John, who was also Earl of Louth in 1325. Monas- teroris is in Irish, Mainister Feorais, which latter word, as Sir W. Wilde has pointed out, is the poetic translation of Pierce, the first of the Berming- hams, a family well known by the Irish natives under the name of Clan- Feorais, or the Clan of Pierce. Close by is Monasteroris House (J. Hamil- ton, Esq.). The monastery sustained a long- siege by the Earl of Surrey, the Lord Lieutenant, who marched into the district of OrTaly (as it was termed) against the O'Moores who had invaded the Pale. 13J m. a road on rt. leads across the river to Kinnafad Castle, also founded by the Berminghams, who ap- pear to have dotted the whole country with their strongholds. It is a large square tower, lighted by a few narrow windows, and more remarkable for its massive plainness than for any archi- tectural features. It was doubtless erected to command the ford, for, in deepening the bed of the river from Kinnafad to Edenderry, numbers of weapons and celts, together with human remains, were discovered. They are now in the Museum of the Koyal Irish Academy. The tourist should proceed by this road, as he will thus obtain the most inte- resting points on the Boyne. 15| m. is the partly inhabited fortress of Grange Castle, near which the Boyne receives a considerable accession in the Yellow Kiver, that flows in here from the W., separating Meath from King's County. About 1 m. to the rt. is Carrick Hill, rising 387 ft. with the same conspicuous outline as that of Carberry. Like Carberry too, it possesses the ruins of a castle, the chief court of the treacherous Baron Pierce de Bermingham. Here, " a.d. 1305, Murtagh O'Connor of Offalie, Mul- morrey his brother, and Calvagh O'Connor, with 29 of the choicest of then family, were treacherously killed by Pyers Bermyngham, within the castle of CarrickrTeorus." — Annals of Clonmacnoise. Of the castle there now remains only the S. wall of a high keep, and an adjoining ch. of the 13th or beginning of the 14th cent., with its E. and S. walls. Both the W. and E. gables have belfries. The hill of Carrick consists of mountain limestone, but on the summit is a large block of trap, similar to that of Croghan, from which place it was doubtless transported by means of local drift action. It bears the name of the Witches' Bock, and was originally thrown at one of the saints from Irelai Route 15. — BaUybogan — Clonard. ini ( roghan by an individual of thai pi >n. An indented flat atone, probably marking the site of a cell, is also lied the Mule's I ■ ap on the same leg< ndary grounds. Stretching along the banka of the Boyne is the de- Rahin Rev. Mr. Palmer . 1 8j in. cloa i" the riv< r aide is / Ui/lxxmn Abbov, a very Large cru- ii cli. <»t' which tin- transepts be< d <1« atroyed . founded in the by .Ionian Comin, for istinian can-Mi-. The priory v burned down hi the loth cent., and ly the lands and property 1 into th«- hands of the Berming- hai - l thof tb.ech.is L93&, hut ; markably t.w archi- ml '1- - '"'lit it. The \\". _■ • i. La Lighted bya long slender window of K. V.WZ. ilv< r wliich v. h an evident • of ammunition, to work agst Luced the fortress. ( I iH'tween the i and the ri\. mound v. 150 i tried, part of a body laid -i._,- in I - u bel Mr. rel, wliicli he with 27 v. om< n « i Clfu lly -r a wh«,;. J | Little for the inspection of the ar- chsBologist, but carries interest with it from its old associations, which extend hack Cor the Last LOO0 years. Clonard or Cluain Ioraird ("The Retirement on the Western Height") was in early times the most famous bishopric in Meath, the firsl bishop being St Finian (a.d. 520), one of the immediate successors of St. Patrick. It was also the centre of Learning in Ireland, and, like Llan- twit in S. Wales and Jiardsey Island in \. Wales, was the seat of a WOrld-famed college, which numbered 3000 students, including St. Kieran, St. Columb, and all the principal saints. Not only for its learning, hnt for its hospitality, was it cele- brated, as visitors from Armories and all parts of Europe were constantly journeying hither. The buildings formerly consisted of abbeys, chapels, cloictheachs or round towers. &c.; but of these absolutely no trace is left, though many of them existed at the beginning of this cent., and were described byArchdall in his 'Monas- ticon.' From the Annals we learn the misfortune - which attended Clonard : that in 1045 it was set on fire thrice in one week ; that in 1136 it was -ached and plundered by the people of Brefhey ; and so on with various repetitions until it has be- come the 5 Qderness it is. The only tract- of archaeological interest arc a fragment of corh I <>\< t the door in the tower of the Hi., and iii the inte- rior a singular font of grey marble, in shape an octagonal basin, the ernal panels Of which are each divided into 2 compartment.-, and are ornamented with very curious figun a and acriptural subjects, r< presenting the Flight int" \ .-\ pt, the Baptism in the Jordan, & c. v r tin- eh. stands a singular tumulus or moat crowned hv a spreading Thi - i vi- • pulchral : but a tittle to the \'.\V. i- a rath military , v. iv p. r- .'• rnal fosse, 132 Route 15, — Enfield to Drogheda. Ireland. encircling a raised ditch, within which we find a level platform, ele- vated somewhat above the surround- ing plain, but not so high as the earthen circle winch encloses it." — Wilde. [From Clonard, the tourist who does not wish to extend his wander- ings to Trim may rejoin the Midland Ely., at the Hill of Down Stat., 2 m. distant.] 27 m. Keeping on the 1. bank of the Boyne and crossing a tributary stream, we arrive at Killyon (an old seat of the Magans), near which are the scanty remains of an ancient priory, and a little further on Donore Castle, a well-preserved square for- tress (like a peel-tower) of the date of the Anglo-Norman invasion. The river is here crossed at Inchmore Bridge. 32 m. rt., near Doolistown House, the road again approaches the river, which has begun to improve very considerably in the character of its scenery. 35 m. 1. Newhaggard House ; and beyond, though on the opposite side of the stream, is Trimlestown, the ruined seat of Lord Trimleston. It dates from the loth cent., and played a somewhat conspicuous part in the Parliamentary war, during which time it was garrisoned and fortified for 10 years. 36 m. Trim (anc. Ath-truim) (Hotel: Darling's) has been graphically de- scribed by Sir W. Wilde. " To see Trim aright, the tourist must approach it by the Blackbull-road from Dublin, when all the glorious ruins which crowd this historic locality, and which extend over a space of above a mile, burst suddenly upon him ; the re- mains of St. Jol m's Friary and cas- tellated buildings at the bridge of Newtown — the stately abbey of St. Peter and St. Paul a little farther on, raising aloft its tall, light, and i vv-mantled win d < > W8 — the neigh- bouring chapel, with its sculptured tombs and monumental tablets — the broad green lawns, through which the Boyne winds, between that and Trim — the grey massive towers of King's John Castle, with its outward walls and barbican, the gates and towers and bastion — the fosse, moat, and chapel — the sheepgate and por- tions of the town wall —and above all, the tall, commanding form of the Yellow Steeple, which seems the guardian genius of the surrounding ruins." The Yellow Steeple is supposed to occupy the site of the original abbey of St. Mary, founded in 432 by St. Patrick ; indeed Trim is believed to have been one of the oldest of the Irish sees. The present tower was erected in the Anglo-Norman period, and is a lofty building of 5 stages, 125 ft. in height. The W. wall and part of the N. and S. have been de- stroyed, according to some by the cannon of Cromwell, thus leaving the interior exposed to view. From its great height it was probably built as a signal and watch tower over the adjoining country. Amongst the ruined portions of the wall near the Yellow Steeple is a round-headed arch, known as the Sheepgate, which with the Watergate are the only re- maining 2 entrances of the old town. The abbey of Trim was rich and powerful, and cultivated intimate re- lations with the Court of England. N. of the town and without the old walls are scanty remains of the Black Friary of the Dominicans, founded in the 13th cent., by Geoffrey de Geneville, or de Joinville, Lord of Meath, as famous a crusader and military knight as he afterwards became a good ecclesiastic, of whom it was written — ■ " Ipse post militia? bursnm temporalis lllustratus gratia doni spiritualis Esse Xti cupiens miles specialis In hoc domo monachus factus est claus- tralis." Of the Grey Friary of Observan- tines no traces remain. The Castle of King John, who by the way had . Iioi'te 15. — Trim. -j QQ OO d with it Bave thai of j tli< re "ii a visil to Ireland, \n - oriirinallv founded bv Hugh de I v iii 1 173, who then departed to rljind, leaving it in custody of 11, _ Tvnvl. I >*< Jonnor, King of Con- ght, marched against the fortress st my it : but Tyrrel, finding himself too weak for defence, Be1 .1 burnt it. The pre- builuing in extenl surp any- thing in tlie country, and is believe d i. built ! Richard I Ji it is asserts d by I t this individual Lived nt oi Meath being ■ i •' 2 : lofty b in hi ight, and flanked by < abutting from ■ that it - • Lter- n:ill 3. I ae outer j Is. in lei and is by 10 circular towei By means of a ran all round, the wati re nld be let in and thus tie. The rteullis, and drawbridge irkable ] ation. • ie numerous svluch Trim was the scene the history i : it v. ill suffice to l . rl of i c iirt In re in Lord ( rlou- I : I i ; impi i i nd tl, laid, at One bed. I tin i <•• I for but it I mi, who in Dul pillar lias rue. 1 Talbot's Castle, buill by sir John Talbot, the Lord Lieutenant of Ire- land and the Scourge of France, in 1415. This Latter building was con- verted into the Diocesan School where Wellington received bis early education. The parish cli. is also an ancient edifice, and lias a Steeple erected in 144 ( J by Richard Duke of York. In addition to these objects of interest are a few modern county buildings, of which the gaol, one of the most complete in the county, is worth an inspection. About 3 m. from the town on the Dublin road, and on both sides of the lioyiie. which is crossed at the village of Newton Trim, are the extensive remains of the Abbey of St. Peter and St. PauL On the N. hank are the cathedral remains, which exhibit ae fine features in Transition- Norman. It was founded at the beginning of the 13th cent, by Simon Rochfort, the same ecclesiastic who removed the see of Olonard hither, " Broad strips of masonry, placed at a considerable distance apart, project from the walls of the eh. upon the exterior, a featurenever found but in early work, and which is generally eharart. ristic of the Norman period. Within, Beveral chastely-formed de- corated corbel-shafts remain, and support portions of the ribs by which the vaulted roof was sustained. The windows are of the Lancet form, with piers between, and the mouldirj which run round them are orna- mented with beautifully designed I ds. S< dilii of Norm, archiu <•- tore may be a en in the wall, to the of the space anciently occupied by the altar." — Wakeman. At the other end of the bridge are the rail tie, a la • pi ctangular keep with square U il 2 of the aii d!« r l"W< r lov i • ha-. Ti US a 3-light wii mall chapel within the ruin.-, the whol which takqn 131 Houte 15. — Enfield to Droglieda. Ireland. together combine in a singular de- gree the religious and the military. In a small eh. hard by are some remains of imposts, tombs, capitals, &c, recovered from the ruins, and placed here by the archaeological care *of Rev. Mr. Butler, vicar of Trim. There is also an altar-tomb bearing the recumbent figures of Sir Lucas Dillon and his wife, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in the reign of Eliza- beth. On the sides are the arms of the Dillons,. Baths, and Barnewalls. At the point where the Dublin road leaves the river is Scurloughstown Castle, a singular massive peel-tower, or rectangular keep with 2 round towers placed diagonally at the corners. It was called after its builder, William de Scarloug, an Ang.-Norm. settler hi 1180, and in later times suffered somewhat at the hands of Cromwell, who, being chal- lenged by the garrison, fired a cannon- ball which caused a crack in one of its sides. Conveyances.— Rail to Dublin. Distances. — Kells, 16m.; Enfield, 10; Tara, 9; Dangan, 4; Bective, 5 ; Clonard, 14 ; Navan, 13}. [In an excursion to Dangan Castle (4 in.), the tourist will pass 1} m. Laracor, a quiet secluded little village associated with the name of Dean Swift, for it was once his residence. " Here also lived Stella and Mrs. Dingley, and here they sauntered through the quiet roads with Dr. Raymond, the vicar of Trim, and with the future author of Gulliver and the ' Drapier's Letters.' " The association is all that is left, as the dwelling of the witty divine has long ago crumbled to ruins. 4 m. Dangan was one of the seats of the Wellesley family, in which the late Duke of Wellington passed much of his early days, though he was not born here, as some biographers make out. There is little to interest in the present building, which con- sists of a keep, part of the old for- tress, and attached to it a mansion in the Italian style. It is now almost a ruin, having fallen into the posses- sion of a careless owner, who let the whole estate go to rack, a proceed- ing that was considerably hastened by a fire.] 38 m. Scurloughstown Castle (see ante) ; and 39 m. on the opposite side of the Boyne is Rathnally House (W. Thompson, Esq), where the scenery of the river begins greatly to improve, and to assume a peculiarly English character. The banks rise to a considerable height, thus shutting out the river from the road. 40 J m. 1. Trubley Castle is a fortress of about the same importance as Scurloughstown, though very little is now left save the portion of a tower and a round pigeon-house. It is said that Cromwell slept a night here during his passage up the Boyne. 41 m. 1. Close to Bective Bridge, on the 1. bank, are the ruins of the noble abbey of Bective, one of the finest of the many noble remains of this district. Bective was founded for the Cistercian order in the 12th cent, by O'Melaghlin, King of Meath, who endowed it with 250 fat acres. Here was buried the body of Hugh de Lacy, treacherously murdered by a countryman while he was superintending the building of a new castle at Darrow. His head was taken to the eh. of St. Thomas in Dublin, wmich caused such umbrage to the monks of that establishment, that they appealed to the Pope, who decided that the abbey of Bective should give up the remainder of the corpse. Very little remains to show the whereabouts of the ch., the whole style of the abbey indicating a remarkable union of monastic with military arrangements. It is in good preservation, and enables us to trace the various apartments and halls. The general plan of the build- ings is that of a quadrangle, with a strong battlemented tower, contain- ing a vaulted hall, at the S.W. corner. Irelaj Route 15. — Tara, L35 In the centre are the cloisters, the E. E - arches of which are remarkably • beautiful. They are cinquefoiled 1 supported on light clustered lars. •• The featherings are mostly plain, l'Ut several are ornamented th flowers or leaves, and upon one a hawk-like l»inl is sculptured. The a s, which are circular, reel upon e plinths, the angles of which ornamented with a leaf, as it ing out of the base mould- - Wah Prom the splay- ing of the windows in the X. wall ol Jit also have Berved 8 • 11 of the eh. Thi atic portion of the monas- a n the and i> remark- for tin- thickm bs of the . through which flu* - are carri< d B] ided in tapering chimn< Much of this part of the of later dat< [About 5 in. t«> the rt. of Bective i- a Bpol thai should be visited by hidi traveller, not tor tin- sak ruined le or abbey, - old associations with all th and noble in Ireland's ply hi-? -rv. The hill of Tara v - of Ireland, the burial-place of her kin >t from which i s ■- '1 and dis- I not lung is hft to polisbnl - '— y i and a f. w pill I r «.r Tarah, which to the provii i . where the Btato - of the i partiam< wl .llhition- w. - tter of the I ' ed . • >t noi • who ►nal blemish. A.crd- .'1 in the [rish MS. . mi; h' lee' i I I • . the when L> go and 1. at Cennannus or Kells. After the death of Dermol in the year 563, the hill was deserted in consequence of a curse pronounced against the king by St. Ruadan, and subsequently it was the scene of a decisive battle in which the power of the Daius in Meath was overthrown. The present remains consist of certain mounds or duns laid down in the Ordnance Map as Rath Riogh, Rath Laoghaire, Rath Grainne, and Rath ' elchu. of these the most important was Rath Riogh, of oval form, 850 ft. Ion--, within the enclosure of which rises up a mound, known as the Forradh. and another called Teach < irmac, the Bouse of ( Sormac. The Forradh is flattened at the top and surrounded by 2 lines of earth, with a ditch between. It is conspicuous from a single pillar stone, which 1 been suggested by Dr. Petrie with great probability to he no other than the celebrated Lia Fail, or Stone of Destiny, upon which for many ages the monarchs of Ireland were crowned, and which is generally sup- posed to have been removed from Ireland to Scotland for the coronation of Fergus ^\^- Eark, a prince of the blood-royal of Ireland, there having been a prophecy that, in whatever country this famous stone was p;< - >• rved, a king of th-' Bcotie rac< should reign. Teach Cormac is joined to the Forradh on the s .!•'.. and is a double enclosure of about I Hi ft. in diameter. On the \. of theForradhis the old Hall or Teach Miodhchuarta, consisting of 2 parallel lines of earth running X. and S.. with <; openings on each side denoting • ancient entrances. It was 360 ft. Long by 1<» ft., and was evidently intended for the accommodation of a numb r at tin - ime tie • TJ i i ating-hall had 1 2 stalls in each wi- les and p - round them; 16 attendants on each side — 8 to the ■ re, historians, and seen tai in th- !• p of the hall, and '1 to . ach 136 Haute 15. — Enfield to Droghcda. Ireland. table at the door — 100 guests in all : 2 oxen, 2 sheep, and 2 hogs at eaeh meal were divided equally on each side." — MSS. Between the Rath Riogh and the Old Hall is a mound known as the King's Chair, and N. of the latter are the Raths Grainne and Oaelchu. A road lead- ing to the N. was the Slighe Fan na-Carbad, or Slope of the Chariots. The visitor to this ancient mausoleum of Ireland's glories will sympathize with the poet in his melancholy strain : — * No more to chiefs and ladies bright The harp of Tara swells, The chord alone that breaks at night Its tale of ruin tells." — Moore,. To go back to a yet more ancient period, the geologist will be interested to know that both the Hills of Tara and Skreen are composed of rocks of the coal-measure formation, which abound in Posidonomya.] 42 m. on a small strip of land, between the river and a tributary brooklet, are the ruins of Clady ch., remarkable for possessing a transept, a feature unusual in Irish early churches. In the S. chapel is a good E. Eng. window with cinquefoil arches. The brook is crossed by a singular bridge of 2 un- equal arches, which are supposed by some antiquaries to be coeval with the ch. A discovery was made near the ch. of 2 subterranean chambers of beehive-shape, formed of rows of stones, each layer of which projects a little beyond the layer below. So far they are similar to the chambers at Newgrange (p. 139), but with this difference, that the dome in the latter springs from upright pillars and does not commence from the ground, as it does at Clady. The chambers are 9 ft. high, and are connected by a small passage about 9 ft. long. " There can be little doubt that they are to be referred to Pagan times, before the use of the arch or the advantage of mortar was known, and were probably employed by some of the very early people of tliis island as places of security, temporary habi- tations, and granaries." — Wilde. It is unfortunate, however, that the beehive houses have so fallen in that it is very difficult for a stranger to make them out. On the same side of the river is Bective House, the residence of B. Bolton, Esq. Opposite is Assey Castle, a fortress resembling the numerous Boyne castles, being a square keep with circular towers at alternate angles. There are also some ecclesi- astical ruins hard by. Following the course of the river are Ballinter House and Bridge (45 m.), with Dowdstown House, on the rt. bank ; Ardsallagh House, the Elizabethan seat of the Duke of Bedford, on the 1. ; after which the tourist arrives at 47 2 m. Kilcarn, from whence the road crosses to the 1. bank to Navan. Before crossing, he may diverge about J m. to the rt., to visit the ruined ch. of Kilcarn, which formerly contained one of the most perfect and beautiful fonts in the country. To prevent annihilation, the usual fate of every relic in Irish churches, it was buried, but afterwards dug up and placed in its present position in the Kom. Cath. chapel at Johnstone. The shaft is plain, but the basin is elabo- rately ornamented with a series of 12 niches, each containing a carved figure. Two of them indeed contain 2 figures, of which one compartment represents Christ blessing the Virgin Mary. In all the others are figures of the Apostles, carved with extraordinary delicacy, and the utmost atten- tion to expression and costume. Each niche is surmounted by a small crocket. [If the tourist prefers crossing the Boyne at Ballinter Bridge, he will pass near the ruins of Cannistown ch., a 13th cent, ch., with a remark- ably good circular choir arch and E. window.] About \ m. below Kilcarn Bridge is Atldumney Castle, a most pic- we. BoutelS. — Donaghmon -Castle Dexter. 13* tu. r rather fortified sion, of the l<*>tli cent. At one n ivy-covered tower, adjoin- more modem mansion with and miillioned windows. ' the former owner of this Sir 1 n ■•• l< \ Dowdall, that, :• than suffer the Prince of i liter beneath his root*. • I ise be would him- ; i hi- ancestral i Hold: Bradj Rtes". 1 !. li 1 ; skirts the Black I stle . Ks j. to 51 m. Donagh- i its church and I i i'v times the tchmor w in which it ty i' St. p trticularly confided Id build- ajiven of the L3th cent., \ Gorman >< ttlers. id t'iv similar in form ; . 16 .and is con- ! »r. Petrie to be of I It- height is LOO ft., and 66 ft. : Pirate onical a] . : i r i ! doorwa; i li'j-ii' or liprured in relit vo stone imme- if. 'i of ■m !• r of I tly ■ her out i by Borne antiquari - a proof thai il was an after work, which would consequently throw the origin of the tower into Pagan times. .V_! m. rt. on the bank of the river Opposite Ardmnlehan is the ruined fortress of Dunmoe^ an Anglo-Norm. castle of about the tilth cent, it had its sliare of hard treatment in it- time, and in L6 1 1 held its ground - i bravely against the [rish force Bent against it that the assailants induced the commander, Captain Power, to surrender by means of a forged order from the Lords Justices. The river Bice is protected laterally by - cir- cular towers, and it occupies a very tine position, probably overlooking an ancient ford. ■ \ m 1. Stackallan House, the seal of Viscount Boyne. 55 m. rt., nearly opposite the wooded eminences of Beauparc J v t < ■ . 16 . are the ruins of Castle Dexter, said to have been erected by one of the Flemings, the early lords of Slane, but supposed with greater probability to have been built by the D'Exeter family, a Connaught Bept who were located in Meath. It is a rambling, ivy-covered ruin, beautifully situated, bnl not possessing any very remark- able features. A little higher up Oruicetown Lock and the Fall of E ickallan, above which the rivretty town, in da\ by I tic and burial-plac 138 Haute 15. — Enfield to Drogheda. Ireland. King Slaniua, of whom it was said, " This Slanius is entombed at a hill in Meath, which of him is named Slane." On a bank overlooking the river is Slane Castle, the modern residence of the Marquis of Conyngham, who had the honour of a visit here from King George IV. -The archaBologi- eal tourist will find more interest in the ruins of the ch. and monastery, so beautifully placed on the hill above the town, that is worth ascend- ing for the sake of the view, which Sir W. Wilde justly considers to equal that from Richmond Hill, and which embraces the whole course of the Boyne from Trim to Drogheda, with the classic hills of Skreen and Tara, and the mounds that mark the burial-places of the kings. The best part of the abbey ruins is a noble tower, with a round-headed doorway on the western side, and a good Decorated Flamboyant window. The remains of the monastery are some little distance to the N.E. An abbev must have existed here for some time, as we read that in 948 the cloictheach or round tower of Slane was burned by the Danes, together with the crozier and the bells, " the best of bells." Previous to this time there was an establishment of Canons Regular, in which Dagobert King of France was educated. After being destroyed by the Danes the abbey gradually decayed, until it was re- stored by Sir Christopher Fleming in 1512. There are in the enclo- sure some singular gravestones, one of them formed of 2 headstones, shaped like the ( gable of a house. Sir W. Wilde considers it with great probability to be of greater antiquity than any Christian tomb in Ireland. On the western brow of the hill, above the town, is a large circular rath, and on the same side of the river are the interesting ruins of the Her- mitage of St. Ere, the 1st Bishop of Slane, consecrated by St. Patrick at the beginning of the 6th cent., whose piety was so great, that "his custom was to remain immersed in the Boinn up to his 2 armpits from morning till evening, having his Psalter before him on the strand, and constantly engaged in prayer." The building, which contains the tomb of the Earl of Drogheda, is of different dates, and the visitor will notice the fleur- de-lis and the rose ornaments on the inner pointed doorway. Also on the walk above, a stone, probably belong- ing to a tomb, on which 12 rather elaborate figures are sculptured. On the opposite side of the river, close to Slane Bridge, are the ruins of the ch. and castle of Fennor, that need not detain the visitor. Distances. — Drogheda, 8 m. ; Na- van, 1\. The district on the 1. bank of the Boyne, extending from within 1^ m, of Slane to the spot where the river Mattock joins the Boyne, was the Brugh-na-Boinne, the royal cemetery of the Fort of the Boyne, the great burying-ground of the kings of Tara, an account of which is given in an article of an Irish MS., entitled ' Sen- chas na Relec,' or History of the Ce- meteries, translated by Dr. Petrie. From this it appears that Cormac king of Tara, having come to his death bv the bone of a salmon sticking in his throat, desired his people not to bury him at Brugh (because it was a cemetery of idolaters), but at Ros-na-righ with his face to the E. His servants, however, came to the resolution to bury him at Brugh, but the Boyne swelled up three times, so that they could not come. A poet of West Connaught writes as fol- lows : — " The three cemeteries of Idolaters are, The cemetery of Tailten, the select, The cemetery of the ever-fair Cruachan, And the cemetery of Brugh. The host of great Meath are buried In the middle of the lofty Brugh ; The great Ultonians used to bury At Tailten with pomp." In the area just mentioned "we find the remains of no less than 17 sepulchral barrows, some of these — the smaller ! LAND. Route 15. — Tumuli: Newgrange. 139 I in the green pasture- wbicb form the immediate the Boyne, while the 3 of magnitude, Dowth, Knowth, 1 Newgrange, are placed <>n the unit of the ridge which bounds the valh 1. bank, making up of 20 in all. including the remains at I alea and the great in which the fortress of Dro- i now stands p. 26 . and known in the annals - I lc mound of the nan." — Wil Quitting the high road and turn- •.. the tourisl arrives at remarkable tumulus . which, for the extra- id elaborate orna- interior, is per- 1 in Europe. This rn, which is aboul 7<> ft. in surrounded by a circle >us upright stones, l<> still visible, while it is said upright stel< od summit. Like the hill of 1» hollow in the interior, Tined of lar 9, the being, that some • 'v brought from t : I of - ra are basaltic, an :i must have been from the Mourne Mouu- Edward LLwyd, . rkable for 2 ti fully-carved 8, the ■ • Ing snal I pat t ♦ ■ n i . nd .1 '_! 1 on ti i r : • It' through tor . with from it. 'I iuIm r m- : 11 U] Btones, above which is the dome, formed by large Btones placed hori- zontally, the edge of each project- ing somewhat more than the undi r one until the top is r< ached, and closed by a single big slab. Re- specting this form of roofing, "Po- cocke hasobserveda similar structure in the pyramid of Dushour, called by the Arab name of Elkeberen 1- Barieh ; and all the visitors to the Cyclopean-walled Mycenae arc well acquainted with the appearance of the great cavern known by tradi- tion as the tomb of Agamemnon, and believed by some antiquaries to have been the treasury of Athene ; betwe< n which and Newgrange comparisons have often been made : their r< s< m- blance, however, consists in the principle on which the dome is con- structed/'- Wildes Boyne. Perhaps the most extraordinary features in this chambi r are the carvings on the stones in every direction, on the basement, up in the roof, and in the recess 8-* They consist of coils, spirals, lozenges, and one in par- ticular in the western recess is orna- mented with what was apparently intended for a fern. As in Dowth, the interior contains stone oval hasi That the remains of those who were buried in these gigantic mausoleums, well as other valuables deposit* d with them, wi re plundered by the I >;tn. ^ aboul A.?-. 860, is recorded in the ' Four Annals,' and it need not therefore excite any surprise in the sitor that nothing bu1 the bare walls remain, though at the excava- tions carried on al Dowth in 1847 » vi ial articles w< re found, such as bones, pins, fibnlte, and a cinerary urn. ( mi the opposite Bide of the riv. r I: iree, from whence the body i I King Cormac was ?ainly end, - v-'nr. d t" be brought to Brugh-na- l '. l in. forth r W., and n< an i • The < U wh of i trtarker in uving similar 110 Haute 15. — Enfield ta Drogheda. Ireland. shine, is the tumulus of Knowth (the Cnodhba of the 'Four Annuls '), an equally enormous mass, but to which there is no access as regards the in- terior. 62 J m. Dowth or Dubhadh is a conical hill of considerable size, on Hie western side of which a passage had long existed, that might have been possibly formed by the Danes when they rifled the tumuli of their contents. This was further opened anl explored, and led to very gra- tifying discoveries. The entrance passage, which is by no means easy of access, is composed of 11 very large stones on the 1. and 9 on the rt., set on end, and slightly inclined at top. It is 27 ft. long, and leads into a central chamber similar to the one at Newgrange. Notice the singular and beautiful carvings on the stones, consisting of spirals, con- centric circles, and wheel crosses, together with straight lines like Ogham characters. In the centre of the chamber is a shallow stone basin measuring 5 ft. in diameter. Adjoining the chamber are 3 re- cesses, between 5 and 6 ft. deep, the southern one of which leads into another series of chambers and passages running southward. " Following the long southern gallery, we find its floor formed by a single stone, 10 ft. 6 in. long ; and in the centre of this flag is a shallow oval excavation, capable of holding about a gallon, and apparently rubbed down with some rude tool." Near the tumulus of Dowth is St. Bernard's Well and ruined ch., the Litter containing' a very singular figure built into its S. wall. There e also remains of a castle, a large military rath about 300 yards round, supposed to be the fort of Dun-na- Gedh, where Domhnall gave his celebrated feast ; also a portion of a stone circle on the edge of a quarry overhanging the road. Dowth Castle is the estate of the late Lord Netter- ville, whose ancestor funned in the ground curious ramparts, baths, ponds, &c. The valley of the Boyne is here extremely beautiful ; the banks, which are in many places steep, are charm- ingly wooded and ornamented with fine residences, such as Townley Hall (B. T. Balfour, Esq.) and Oldbridge House (H. Coddington, Esq.). At 64 m., the point where the Mattock flows into the Boyne, the traveller arrives at the battle-field, where that decisive contest took place in 1690 which proved so fatal to the crown of James II. He will observe that the Boyne here flows E. and W., and that the area of the valley is bordered by a steepish hill, up w T hich the road to Drogheda is carried. In the centre of this area is the obelisk that marks the most important point in the field. On looking down the river, notice 2 largish islands — Green and Yel- low Island— close to the river-side. Higher up is the obelisk, from which the road, following the stream, takes a considerable curve, immediately under the beautiful woods of Townley Hall. At tliis point the Boyne doubles round upon itself and flows from the S., receiving the small brook called the Mattock, that joins it just beyond Townley Hall; A still smaller tribu- tary emerges near the obelisk from a deep wooded ravine known as King William's Glen; and a 3rd glen is occupied by a rivulet which flows into the same side of the Boyne about 1 m. nearer to Drogheda. On the opposite or S. side the visitor will notice Oldbridge (immediately oppo- site the obelisk), and above it, rising up in a succession of slopes, the hill of Donore, the summit of which will be about 1 m. from the bank of the river. "To the rt. or E. the hill fines off towards Drogheda 1J m. distant. Its western side abuts upon and is completely protected by the high precipitous banks of the Boyne, now covered by the plantations of the demesne of Farm. Immediately Ireland. EouU 15. — T/i> Bogne. I :i hind it. towards tl i S., the way lies « h u to 1 lubliu along the >> a- li •' h . The tide eom< - 11 1 » as for as the \\ i ir just above win re k tails in. and In re the s fordable with difficulty. otln r and mucli shallower ford oc- curs a1 Yellow Island, passable at low .iiul hor» > in ;ewas a villi n\ the battle. It is abso- lutely - try thai the visitor ouid make himself thoroughly ac- qu i with t - details b< fore m in - ind the plan of the rmv, having march< <1 : Jn da, took up a posi- northern face of Do- |f passing the tie ch. "The hisb nations s, one a little lldbridge vil] , which intersi <-t< <1 by narrow nlv opposite the Th( English army. 1 from Ardee <>n the 0, took up its posi- . with its ■ the hollow of j Gl< . and the left in 11.1 ravim Drogheda. i an in- • I - : arroy, viz. . however, happ< ned V lliam as he the bank <>;' the •• I • - on the side ! hillock by the v. little ljelow ' l< n, and ii ila- stones have been nil 1 ' i- lisk en cted it." Although the [rish ; y I >rogheda on so on the L, and, "t' tlii-, "SN" ill 1 : i T t i 00 m< n und( r the r to ci ord rhich they did I : to in. The 2nd passage of the river i I Oldbridge Was made at In 1 , a.m.. the tide being out, by Schomberg, who. with the Blue Dutch Guar< the Enniskilleners, and the French Huguenots, emerged from the ravine opposite Grove Island, and dashed into the water, when the brave old general met Ids death in the en- counter. "Without defensive armour he rode through tin- riverand rallied the refugees, whom the fall of Caille- niot had dismayed. ■ Come on. lie cried to the French, pointing to tl e Pi pish Bquadrons ; ' come on, gentle- men, there are youi persecutors. 1 As he -i oke a band of Irish horsemen rushed upon him and encircled bim for a moment. When they r» tin d ho was on the ground. His friends raised him : but he was already a coi pse. Almost at the same moment, Walk< r, Bishop of 1 terry, while exhorting the colonists of Ulster to play the men, was shot dead." — ; Macaulay. "The 3rd passage was effected by the Danes ami Germans at a shallow between the 2 principal islands, where the water must have been up to their armpits; while the 1. wing, entirely composed of cavalry, passed or swam across opposite the eastern valh y which inter-- cts the hill of Tully- alh n and eft; eted a Landing, ap- . nily with little opposition, at a v« ry d( • )> and dangi n >us pari «»t" the river, marly opposite one of the I ish batteries, and where the margin of the stream is wet and swampy. I [( re it was, how< v« r, thai William himself, with his arm in a sling from the etV< cts of his wound, plunged into the str< am with < Sol. Woolst< and passed with great difficulty, for his horse was bogged on the other Bide, and he was forc< d to alight till a gentli man helped him to -■ I his horse out."- Wild* . In this ar< a ,000 men on the English side w« re • d with 16, ' ' Irish, in addi- tion to the 10,000 English who had issed at Blane, and w< re < ccupied with the [rish 1. wine. I mlt U'2 Ii ute 16. — Droglieda to Cavan. Ireland. of the hat tic is well known : the Irish army falling hack on Donore, and finally retreating to Dnleck, where they passed the night, while King James himself fled to Dublin, which he reached ahout 10 o'clock that night. It is to be hoped that the bitter animosities of party spirit which were, until very lately, so rampant on this subject, are becoming softened by time and the interchange of greater good will and forbearance. For more intimate details of the topography and incidents of the battle, the tourist is referred to Sir W. Wilde's exhaustive memoir on the Boyne, to which, as well as to the learned author's personal help and leader- ship, the writer of this notice is very greatly indebted. From the battle-field the traveller, should he not wish to visit Mellifont. now, soon rejoins the great N. road and arrives at 65 m. Droglieda (Hotel, Imperial), Kte. 2. ROUTE 16. FROM DROGHEDA TO NAVAN, KELLS, AND CAVAN, BV RAIL. The branch rly. to Oldcastle, 36 m. in length, runs ' through as well- wooded and well-watered a dis- trict as any in Ireland, and for the antiquary a district richly stored with historic remains. It follows the S. hank of the Boyne, although, until the traveller arrives at Beauparc, the high grounds intervene and shut it out. The river is crossed at Navan, and the valley of the Blackwatcr oiscended from hence. 4 J m. From Duleek Stat, a lane on rt. leads 1J m. to the small hamlet and ruined ch. of Donore (Kte. 15), where James II. passed the night before his hopes were finally defeated at the battle of the Boyne. From Donore the Irish army " retreated in tolerable order towards Duleek, towards which place the left wing, already beaten above Kosnaree, had retired. Here with the Nanny water between them both parties halted for the night, with the excep- tion of King James, who fled to Dublin, which he reached about 10 o'clock." — Wilde. A ch. was founded here in the 5th cent., by St. Kieran, a disciple of St. Patrick, and was called Duleek or Dam-liag, " because it was the first that was built with lime and mortar — and was so called from leac, a stone." — Vallancey. This ch. gave place to a priory for canons regular, founded in 1182 by Hugh De Lacy, who made it subject to that of Llanthony in Monmouthshire, and at the dissolution its possessions, which were large, were granted to Sir Gerald Moore, ancestor of the Dro- glieda family. The ruins, of E. Eng. date, consist of a spacious nave 100 ft. in length by 20 ft. broad, lighted at the W. end by a 3-light lancet window, and terminated by a rather massive tower of 2 stages. Under the E. window are the armorial bearings of Sir John Bellew, 1587. Here is also the tombstone of an ecclesiastic. Adjoining the village is the demesne of the now extinct family of Earl of Thomond, entered by a castellated gateway that once led to the abbey. The Nanny, a small stream, is crossed by an old bridge, built by William Bathe of Athcarne and Genet his wife in 1587. On the banks of the same river, 2 J m. W., is the ancient seat of the de Bathe family, Athcarne Castle (J. Gernon, Esq.), a large square Elizabethan building, defended at the angles by quadran- I R ■'•'• 16. — Navan. I ! ilnr towers, the whole of which * merlv surrounded by a fosse. 2 in. i.» the W. of Atlicarne is Somer- ville, the beautiful seat of Lord Atti- lumn< m. rt. is PlatteD House J. Aril. Esq. . built on the site of oastle me of Edward III.. 1 by Sir John D'Arcy Lord if [reland). the turnpike-road t<> Slane, tin- rly. arrn - ; t L2 in. />'< <"> pare u- t-> Beauparc I [ouse, tip i inbart, Esq., situated ii*>n commanding an ex- - rt. •• Beyond the fall - through the 'i the it. the iparc pe< of . • ivy-mantled walls of ;'n< m- the «lark plantation, k, here twisted in: ntortions, breaks through the surface and relieves the t satiated with the endh as h ni colour and foliagi pedestrian can £lane in :\\ in. From rlv. k< rlv parallel \ IV; i n. • in. 1. Le I tollardston House, and \ Ic in House J. II. win - (•»• Dunmore ch. ami I » nagh- i I.' ' <>-in_r t li< r Hotel : B town, with a Po some lio have by no n * i ifa pictun sque - ion tin Blackwater with . but " like tluwe of m rh which a r\ 1 tli» _rliin].><- of wliirh can I m any of With 1 1 1 • racttu su infirm ad gaol, it has little to interest the tourist : though in the L6th cent, it was sufficiently important to have attracted a marauding expedition of the O'Neills and O'Donnells. lis ancient nana 1 was Nuachongbhail, and it was originally walled. Many antiquities now in the Irish Academy were discovered in rlv. cuttings adjacent to the river, besides a singular subterranean passage en tin- W. hank near Athlnmnev. di- viding into 2 branches, which each ended in a rude circular hrchived chamber. Navan is a good central aition from whence to explore either secti< n of the Boyne, which by means of a canal has been rendered partly navigable. The tourist can cither drive or walkto Beauparc and ;id the river and d by boat. ( yancA s. - By rail to Drogheda, Kells. and I mblin. ])i±tuh-« 1: and Drogheda. The tourist dow quits the Boyne and follows the course of the Black' rout* r anc. Abhaim-mor . e river rising from Lough Ramor in the S.E. c oer of the county of ( iavan, which, after flowing for 20 m. in a winding lazy stream, joins the Boyne .it Navan, where they arc nearly of the same size. T aery of its by no meej 3 fine as that of the Boyne, but ii 1- equally rich in early remains. l:»l m. close to the line is Lis- rion Castle, a noble-looking old t fftn as partly inhabited , mainly "' •_' square towers con- neeted together by b central hall, the whole of which forms a massive quadrangular building. It was h< in 1' - William Talbot. Ad- 1U Unite 16. — DrogJieda to Cavan. Ireland. joining it is the ch., containing some exquisite E. and W. windows (Dec.) with beautiful tracery. " Upon the exterior face may be observed well-carved human heads projecting from the dripstone." On the oppo- site bank is Rathaldr on (O&pt. Donald- son), another specimen of the old quadrangular tower, to which a cas- tellated mansion lias been added. The entrance is through a very fine avenue of limes. Between this spot and Navan is the mutilated cross of Nevinstown, which from the re- searches by Mr. D. H. Smith appears to have been erected in memory of a knight of the Cusack family 158S. On 1. of the line to the S. of Liscarton is Ardbraccan (Bp. of INIeath). [21 J m. rt., on the opposite bank of the river, is the ch. of Do- naglipatrick, occupying the site of Domnachpadraig, the great ch. of St. Patrick, celebrated in the Book of Armagh for being 60 feet long — " pedibus ejus lx. pedum." This was the length prescribed by St. Patrick for this ch., " which the Prince Conall, the brother of the monarch Laoghaire, was to erect for him." — Petrie. The king even gave up his house for a site. Near the ch. is a specimen of the military rath, con- sisting of a mound rising out of as many as 4 successive embankments or circumvallations. Sir W. Wilde considers it to be the finest example of the kind in Ireland ; but it is to be regretted that planting operations have to a great extent concealed it, and that at least one half of the lines of circ'umvallation have been levelled. A little further, on the same side of the river, Ave come to Telton House, occupying the gradually sloping bank of a hill which rises 292 ft. above the sea. The summit is crowned by a fort, Bath Dubh, which measures 321 paces in circumference and has openings N. and S. This was the site of the ancient joulace of Tailtean, one of the 4 celebrated royal resi- dences of Ireland, and for ages immemorial the locale of a great fair, established in the year of the world 3370, in remembrance of Taillfe, " wife of the last kin or of the Fir- bolgs." — Annals of the Four Masters.^ Up to the time of Koderick O'Connor, the last king of Ireland, this fair was regularly held, when series of games, such as boxing, wrestling, chariot- races, and sham aquatic fights carried on in artificial lakes, were the order of the day. In addition to these attrac- tions, it was the custom of all the lads and lasses who wished to try their luck to arrange themselves on either side of a high wall in which was a small opening, through which the female protruded her hand. If the swain admired it, the parties were married, an arrangement which, fortunately for both, only held good for a year and a day, when each was free to try their luck again. The proverb of a " Telton marriage " is not yet obsolete in Meath. Should the visitor not succeed in tracing the outworks of the fort or the site of the lakes to his satisfaction, he will at all events be rewarded by the magnifi- cent view, embracing, W., Kells, the woods of Headford, and the ranges of the Cavan mountains in the distance ; while E. he sees Liscarton, Eath- aldron, ISTavan, the hills of Tara and Skreen, and the wide green plains of Meath, watered by the Boyne and Blackwater, together with their tri- butaries, the Moynalty and Sile.] 24 m. Ballybeg Stat., near which 1. is Allenstown House (W. N. Waller, Esq.). 27 m. Kelts (Inn, Hannons), a rather pleasant little town, contain- ing much that is interesting in the highest degree to the antiquary. Kells (anciently Ceanannus) was celebrated in early Christian ages as being the residence of St. Columb, to whom a grant was made by Dermot, the son of Fergus Kervaill, and who founded a monastery here in 550. ! Bunt: 16,— Kells. 145 this at present o visitor will find '.\ remark- remains : 1, Tlie Louse of St. I dumb; 2, The round tower; and i - 3. The saint's house is of the same high-rooted buildings as St. K Kitchen at Glendalough, and i .' - a remarkable example of si cylindrical vaulting Rte. •• It is of a simple oblong form, 1 with stone, and measures in l its bas to the vertex of . 3S ft. : and as the height if and width of the side nearly equal; the gab] y nearly equilateral triangles. T part of the building is semicircularly with stone, and !". md, a small semicir- ided window, about 15 ft. round ; and at the S. side 2nd window, with a trian- ight-lined head, measur- : 1 fl ii. in height. These day considerably on the The present doorway in the inal or ancient ; doorway, which is " Up, was placed in the W. • a height <>t* S ft. from the • I floor and tic alant- r. high, and its to ly divided i ii i :. • l it. • build of with ru le ar- • rower, fr< quenl • cloictheach 1 ! n markably perfect I- ' >0 ft. high, has a • •. i the ground, and - Ii- wliich present form commonly l 1 t<>w. rs, n i/. r . and triangular-headed. Of the ( , one, a little more than 11 it. high, is cloa to the town : three arc in the ch.-yard ; while the Cross of Kills, par excellence, is in the market- place. The visitor to Monaster- boice, near Droghcda, will at once recognise its similarity to the crosses there. The shaft, which is broken off at the top, is S ft. 9 in. high ; the arms are 5 ft. 4 in. in width, and are connected hy a wheel, perfect save a small por- tion where the top of the shaft should be. The cross is mounted on a broad base, having on its side a good sculpture of mounted horse- men in procession ; i lso a •• remark- able group of 5 lighting figuri 3, '2 armed with spears and holding shields of a peculiar lunette shapi . The shaft is divided into 4 compart- ments, representing military and ecclesiastical subjects, while a full- length figure occupies the centre of the arms. As an instance of the respect paid to these exquisite memo- rials, it may he mentioned that as lately as 1708 this cross formed part of the gallows of Kells. The cli. is modern, hut the bell-tower, like the one at Athlone, stands apart. It con- 's of "» st . and contains some tablets built into the walls, and a black-letter inscription recording its rebuilding in 1578. I ly a .-mall portion of a tOV belonging to the walls remains, although it i.-. known that Kells v, •ugly fortified and p ti£ — ed a buill by Walter de Lacy. The A anals of the Four Masters and th< of Tigernach record many incidents in the history of Kells, in which the town and churches sustained grievous losses and damage at the hand- of the native Irish, Norwegian hord and Danish robbers. It was de- stated by fire, the sword, and |m -tilenr-e many tiiia - : though the 2 . >• ■ • • • rtrophi a w< I he destmctioi] of t! ■ bey in 1108 by i the sub 116 Route 16. — Droglieda to Cavan. Ireland. quent burning of the town by Ed- ward Bruce in 1315. Kells was celebrated, not only for its ecclesiastical greatness and sanc- tity, but also for its advancement in literature, evidenced by the produc- tion of the illuminated Book of Kells, now in the Museum of the Ro} r al Irish Academy, which, like its contem- porary the Book of Ballymote, gives great insight into the national pe- culiarities of that period, and is a marvellous example of elaborate ornamentation. A fine view is ob- tained from the Hill of Lloyd, which is crowned with a column 100 ft. high, erected by 1st Earl of Bective. About 6 m. W. of Kells are the moat and dun of Dimor, the former with a very large central mound and an outwork, like that at Newiy. The dun is more ordinary, but there is a chain of 7 or 8 others on the green hills in the neighbourhood. About 3 m. to the W. is Lough Crew, the seat of J. L. Napier, Esq. Kells is surrounded by many pleasant residences. The principal are Headfort, the seat of the Earl of Bective, adjoining the town, the woods and groves of which skirt and indeed occupy islands in the middle of the Blackw r ater; Oakley Park (G. Bomford, Esq.), Williamstown (W. S. Garnett, Esq.), Bloomesbury (R. Barnewall, Esq.), the Arch- deaconry (Archd. Stopford). Conveyances. — By rail to Droglieda and Dublin ; rly. to Oldcastle ; car to Baillieborough ; car to Bally- jamesdufY ; car to Clonmellon. Distances. — Navan, 10 m. ; Telton, 5 ; Baillieborough, 14 ; Oldcastle, 14 ; Ballyjamesduff, 17 ; Virginia, 11 ; Athboy, 8 J; Kingscourt, 14 j ; Trim, 16. [An excursion may be made to Trim, through Athboy, passing 1£ m. rt. Cannonstown (W. Sadlier, Esq.), and 5 J m. rt. Johnsbrook (J. Tandy, Esq.), and Drewstown. 7 1 m. on 1. The ruined ch. or abbey of Rathmore contains a por- tion of a sepulchral cross and a monument erected to a member of the Plunket family 1531. . 8 J m. Atliboy (anc. Ath-brudhe- Tlachtga), "the Yellow Ford," an inconsiderable little town, situ- ated on the Atliboy stream, wdiich falls into the Boyne. There is a very handsome R. C. chapel here, with a steeple 90 ft. high. To the E. of the town rises the hill of Ward, 390 ft., celebrated like Tailtean for being the site of the palace of Tlaclitga, and the locale of a great fair, " when the fire of Tlaclitga was ordained to be kindled on the 31st October, to summon the priests and augurs to consume the sacrifices offered to their gods." — Crawford. \\\ m. rt. is Clifton Lodge, the residence of the Earl of Darnley, who obtains the title of Athboy from this town. From hence the road ap- proaches the valley of the Boyne to 16 m. Trim (Rte. 15).] From Kells the rly. extends a few miles further to Oldcastle ; but the tourist should take the road to Virginia, which crosses the Black- water at Clavens Bridge 29 in., and thence keeps the 1. bank. 30 J m. on the side of the river are the chapel and well of St. Kieran, with the " remains of 5 termon crosses in its vicinity, 4 of which are placed N., S., E., and W. of the river. The northern one was erected hi a ford in the river, a very remarkable situa- tion for one of these early Christian structures." — Wilde. This is ac- counted for by the story that St. Kieran erected these crosses with a great deal of trouble, and that St. Columb, wdio w r as then building at Kells, envied them so greatly that he determined to abstract one. The saint had got halfway across the river with the stone on Iris back when St. Kieran awoke and caught him. A struggle took place, in which St. Columb threw the base of the cross down in the bed of the river, where it has ever since remained. The ch. is a Boute 17. — Mtdlingar to Portadoion. 117 1 1 1 r building of the 14th built on arches, so sorl of crypt. • • Her arrives at the i l; oior, from whence I iter emerges, and fbl- \ tho lough and si >pca of Ballybrush . a neat pretty town, 1 " in pursuance Ionizing Ulster in the 1 mes I., when 2i - were town, called \ . • icli v . but was never in- - / Tin re is a ch., which replaced ni do ad partly AtE the X. of \ ... of anl i g la was dis- J. Kelly. / out 5 m. in length, and • ' with by t!;' M rquess of ho has an i 31 te close 1 ae lak< id in the b\>ur M rhbouring height, ( . mil it receives I Y Sole, which is j h the in the II •1 the 1 the riv< r ■ St. Pat k cu istil ti ae • K>k the name of • B ■'<■. ter. 1 , r ,a. — ( ';ir t < \ B St it. I . l.< in. : K. lis, .7}; • ' ' I ; llkborou much pastun Her !• imself gra'lu.illy !.") in. New Inn [from whence a road on 1. branches off to 3 m. a small town o\' the euphonious name of Ballyjamesduffi passing on the way a serpentine sheet of water called Lough Nadrageel.] The way Lies over a dreary country, having on 1. the conspicuous Cavan mountains Ardkilmore 767, and Blieve (Hah 1057 ft At 51 J m. on rt. is the village of lorn . with, adjoining it, Btradone House, the residence of El. Burrowes, Esq., from whence an uninteresting drive of 6 m. brings the tourist to 57J m, the dirty little county town of Cavern II /• / . ; Globe). Kte. 17. ROUTE 17. FROM MULLINGAR TO PORTADOWN THROUGH CAVAN AND ARMAGH. A branch of the Midland Great Western Rly M which for some dis- tance La also common to the Long- ford Line Rte. 18\ conveys the traveller to Cavan, where a conrn i - lately 1m stablished with the North by means of the Clones branch of the Irish North-Western I ' tnpany. 1 1 hi. I i . -in F7ooiStat.il is6|m.rt Castle-Pollard Kte. is , through the village of Coole and the d< - I \ urbotstown J. A. J >e Esq. . From hence the rly. pursu northerly course through a very uninviting and dreary country, pe i - bl 1. Fernsborough and the num d eh. of AM- 3 lara, in the tower which is a | qvt ly Bculptured q Qgq i I :... BdUywfflan Btai, close to ii 2 148 Route 17. — Mullingar to Portadoivn. Ireland a small sliect of water on rt. called Lough Kinile, which is connected by a short stream with Lough Shee- lin. This is one of the largest lakes in the county of Cavan, 4J m. in length, and covering an area of 8000 Irish acres. On the E. shore is the small village of Blount Nugent, and on the S. of the lake is the ruined castle of Eoss, beyond which the hills of Knocklaid form a very pleasing landscape. [3J in. 1. of the stat. is the little town of Granard (Inn: Granard). It was burned by Bruce in 1315, but afterwards rose to importance in the reign of James I. Hard by is the Moat of Granard, a consider- able artificial mound, believed to have been built by the Danes as a defensive post, and worth ascending for the sake of the view. Some 3 or 4 m. to the N.W. is Lough Gowna, an irregularly-shaped lake, the shores of which in some places are steep and well wooded. On the island of Inchmore, at the S. end, is a ruined ch. The banks are adorned by pleasant residences — Derrycassan (Capt. Dopping-Hepen- stal), Erne Head (H. Dopping, Esq.), Woodville (O. Lambert, Esq.), anG; Beltur- t, 11. ( 8, — Rail to Mullingar I ( lon< 3. Car.- daily to Kelts and Monaghan. A rly. lias been opened to Clones, where it joins the Dundalk and En- skillen line. The high road pass through a pretty English country, well planted and well wooded. rRt. a road - off to Balhj- 4 m.. a small town, with a place l'uilt on arches. CI Ballyhaise 1 louse W. impkn • 3, Es ,. . the front of which jo curiously ornamented with 3. /;,//■ , "> Brid , the river aeai itsju] I . . . I Bill Miss Sann- r which a road i. BeUurbet, a Erne crossed brid_ ' 3 arches), b little i the expansion of into the Upper Lough E means of the waters of inhabitants have com- - far as 1 ' " ek, 3 m. lition to the C the Erne a ) A good d< d iri c irri d on iii corn Tl i ; . 1 to it. most of the rhood, t] u]) fighting in . prior Butler, >wn, which 1. ] A little beyond Castle Baunder- son, 46J in. 1. (E. J. Saundc r- SOn, Esq.), the road CJOSSeS the Ulster Canal, that connects Lough Erne with Lough Neagh, and runs parallel with it to 51 in. the pic- turesquetown of Clones, described in Bte. (!, from whence the traveller can proceed by rail to EnnisMllen or Dundalk. 57 m. Smithborough, an uninterest- ing little place, founded, as its name implies, by a Mr. Smith. 63 in. Monaghan {Hotel: Westenra Arms), a neat and thriving county town, hut nut offering sufficient in- terest to induce a prolonged visit Top. 3010). Of so modern a date it, that on the Bettlemenl of Ulster. at t\.L- beginning of the 17th cent., when the Lord Deputy came hither to make arrangements respecting tho forfeited lands, there was scarcely a house in which lie and his train could he accommodated, and they were consequently obliged to pitch tents. The chief owner of the district is Lord Bossmore, whose beautiful scat of Bossmore is a little to the S. on the road to Xewbliss. The principal square in the town is called the Dia- mond, and contains a linen-hall. Conveyances. — Daily to Cootehill, to EnnisMllen, to Omagh. By rail to Armagh, Portadown, and Clones. Distai .- -Armagh, 16 m. ; Porta- down, 2<;.- Clones, 12; Cavan, 27; N wbliss, 10; Cootehill, lo ; Emy- vale, 7. In the neighbourhood of Mona- ghan are Bossmore Lord Bossmore . Bally beck (J, Brownlow, Esq. , Bran- drum Major Coote , Mount Louise B. Evatt,Esq. . Castle Shane Bom Lucas , Be< fahil] W. Murray, i 'in la nee tin- rly. | 3 through an nninb g hilly country to I lough, ;i small town, the parish >•'•. of which has a t i t I P. it is Hie ft I ' Lesli ; longing 150 Route 17. — Mullingar to Portadovm, Ireland, to the Leslie family), on the banks of a small lake. Conveyances. — Car to Cloghcr, Auglmacloy, and Fivemile Town. 72 m. rt. Tynan. A portion of a stone cross, with bosses and line pattern, defaced by Cromwell, stands by the roadside near the cli.-yard. There is a smaller one over a well in the grounds of Tynan Abbey, the seat of Sir J. M. Stronge, Bart. About 1 m. Lis Caledon, a thriving little market town, that has prospered under the auspices of the family of the Earl of Caledon, wdiose extensive park adjoins. It was formerly known by the name of Kenuard, and was the head-quarters of Sir Phelim O'Neil, who in the 17th cent, successfully held the county of Tyrone for several years against the English. 79 m. Armagh {Hotels : Beresford Arms ; Royal), a finely situated cathe- dral town, and the see of the Primate of all Ireland (Pop. 8969). " No city is so rich in historical associations, and 3*et has so little to show and so little to tell in the present day, as Armagh. St. Patrick's first ch. is now re- presented by the Bank of Ireland; the Provincial Bank comes close on St. Columb's; St. Bride's shares its honours with a paddock; : St. Peter and St. Paul afford stabling and garden-produce to a modern rus in urhe; and St. Mary's is lost in a dwelling-house." — Beeves. There seems to be little doubt but that St. Patrick founded the early ch. in the 5th cent, on ground known as Druim sailech, "the Eidge of Sal- low," given to the saint by Daire, the clrieftain of the district. The hill was called Rathdaire, and subse- quently Ard-macha, after an Irish heroine of doubtful identity. Here, shortly after the foundation of the ch., was buried Lupita, the sister of St. Patrick. The early history of the ch. embraces a long list of mishaps, long even for Irish religious establishments, which were particularly liable to misfortune. For 5 cents, or more it had to bear the repeated attacks of the Danes and other marauders, who, not content with plundering, burnt the city to the ground as often as it was rebuilt. The most complete ruin, however, was sustained at the hands of a native chieftain, O'Neil, in 1566, who re- duced the cathedral to ashes. " Pri- mate Loftus assailed the destroyer with the spiritual weapon of excom- munication, and rejected his pretext,, which was that he burned the ca- thedral to prevent the English troops* from polluting its sanctuary by lodging within its w T alls. ONeil was shortly after most inhumanly butchered in the Scottish camp, and his body thrown into a pit, wdiere it lay inhumed for several days, until one William Piers disinterred it, and,, severing the head, sent it ' pickled in a pipkin' to the Lord Deputy at Drogheda."— Wright. Previous to the destruction by the Danes, Armagh was famous for its school of learning, the Alma Mater of many of the early scholars, viz. Aigil- bert, Bishop of the Western Saxons,. Gildas Albanus, and others. There is still a royal school here founded by Charles I. Since the Reformation Armagh has been fortunate in its archbishops, the bulk of whom exercised their influence to benefit the metropoli- tan see. Of these the principal were Primates Ussher, Hoadley, and Robinson, who, after his translation from the bishopric of Kildare, was created Baron Rokeby. To the late primate Armagh owes the restorations- of the cathedral, at a cost of 30,00QZ., from his own private wealth ; also the erection of the episcopal residence,, the town library, and the observatory, which has contributed very largely to the annals of astronomical science. The city is very finely situated on the slopes of a steep hill, the summit crowned by the venerable cathedral, while separated by valleys arise other hills, one of which is- LAND. Route 17. — Armagh — Cathedral, 151 idorn< d by the new 1J. ('. eclral. The visitor wiD mark with pleasure the substantial and rly streets, the clean trottoir, the prettily wooded mall, and the gene- ral appearance of prosperity and good ment. Th< geologist maydis- d many limestone shells in the cathedral, which is in the \ a close at the top of the - n cruciform ch., consisting with aisles, choir, and tran- with a massive and rather low from the intersection. I pre\ ious to the r- cent altera- sunnounting the tower, ii rcmo^ cd, and with the \\( r, which is lighted ch Bide, should I < i by the tourist for the Bake .f and beautiful view. i each aisle 4 point ch - with round* d ply moulded pillars, and is t i ' windows, with 4 windows above. At the A\ lancet-headed 3-light, 9, there being Per]). I window at t ; f is Of v, 11 can id ornamented The i mtains ! Sir T. Molyneux, ! ubillia Dr. Stuart, late 1 Chant i labor I . brotl Kelly; R Innson ; in the \. Dr< rt, I'd!. by S d mouldi ■'■ . . and an < oal d font ; ai • l " Primate, 1 1. V • is u> • ir is bcuIj ' it • < 1 I u- I I .. 1 has Thi I enabled to be rung by one person. The whole cathedra] is pleasing and grateful to the English eye, for every portion of it denotes a careful and zealous watch over it. The organ is good, and the choral service very well performed. The tourist should visit Primate Robinson's library, over the door of which is inscribed to tj]s tyvxvs larpeLov, and also the observatory, which, with the astrono- mer's residence, is situated a short distance out of the town in prettily planted gardens. The scientific vi- sitor will receive every attention either from the principal, Dr. T. Bomney Robinson or the sub-astronomer, Mr. Rambaut. About I J m. from the town is the Palace Right Rev. the Arch- bishop), a fine block of building i . icted by Primate Robinson, together with a private chapel, and an obe- lisk commanding views over beau- tiful grounds. A very conspicuous feature in Armagh is the 17. C. cathe- dral, not yet finished, but which pro- mises to be a magnificent building in Dec. style. Of all the chs. and religious establishments that Armagh ever boasted, nothing remains, though thi archaeological visitor may visit the Bite of Emania, known as the Navan Fort, which occupies an area of 12 acres, a little distance from the city. it is Baid to have been the seat of the Ulster sovereignty for 600 years, during which period a series of hi: reigned here prior to the year 332 ! Tn e it is elliptical, embracing oi 12 acres. "In the townland of Tray there is b mound to which tradition assigns the name of the i\ ing's Si .ud immediately ad- jaci >n1 was the palace of the Knights or ( Ihampi :' the ( 'uraidhe na I aubh Buadh, or the Knig] th- Eft Branch.' 1 — Doyh . An in- ting pamphlet ho writt by the li« v. Dr. & on i \ •< nt ( Ihurchi a of An which the antiquary should consult. ■ ■ ■ i nument exists 152 Moute 18. — Mullingar to Sligo. Ireland. on the banks of the Cullan Water on the road to Keady, in a mound that marks the tomb of Nial Caille, who, when his army was drawn up in battle array against the Danes, perished in an attempt to save one of his men who had fallen into the river.* A little to the S. is Market Hill, with the Vicar's Cairn 849 ft. high. Adjoining the town is Gosford Castle, the seat of the Earl of Gosford. The neighbourhoods of Armagh and Keady are celebrated for the production of brown and coloured linens, such as blouses, and hollands for window blinds, the tint of which is obtained by soaking the goods in solution of muriate of tin and cate- chu. After this operation they are glazed and finished by means of a " beetling " machine. This operation can be seen at Messrs. Kirk's factory in Keady, where 200 beetling ma- chines are employed. Conveyances. — By rail to Clones, Monaghan, Portadown, and Newry. Car to Keady and Castle Blayney. Distances. — Monaghan, 16 m. ; Portadown, 10 ; Richhill, i ; Keady, 7J ; Moy, 7 J ; Blackwatertown, 5. 83 m. Eichhill, another small town on rt. occupying high ground. In the demesne of Castle Dillon (Sir T. Molyneux, Bart.) adjoining is an obe- lisk erected by Sir Cap el Molyneux to commemorate the Irish volunteers, 1782. From hence the line runs through an agricultural district to 89 m. Portadown (Kte. 3), where a junction is effected with the Ulster and the Dundalk rlys. * The same legend, however, is current on the banks of the Xore, near Thomastown. ROUTE 18. FROM MULLINGAR TO SLIGO, THROUGH LONGFORD, CARRICKONSHANNON, AND BOYLE. A rly. extends from Mullingar to Longford, Carrick, Boyle, and Sligo, branching from the Midland Great Western at Mullingar (Kte. 14), and passing on 1. the barracks and union- house. 2 m. 1. is Levin^ton Park (R. H. Levinge, Esq.), immediately after which the broad waters of Lough Oivel (anc. Lough Uair) open out, the rly. running close alongside of it for the whole distance, 5 m. in length. The area of this lake occupies 2295 acres; and al- though the scenery around it is by no means striking, the wooded hills and numerous fine seats on its banks give it a pleasant and sheltered aspect. On the opposite side is Portloman, the residence of J. De Blaquiere, Esq., in whose grounds are slight remains of an abbey ch. 3J m. rt. are Ballynagall (T. J. Smyth, Esq.), and Knockdrin Castle, the seat of Sir Richard Levinge, Bart., M.P. for county Westmeatb. At the upper end of the lake, on the W. side, is Mountmurray (H. Murray, Esq.), and close to the rly. 1., Woodlands (E. Maxton, Esq.), and Clonhugh, a seat belonging to the Earl of Granard. The angler can get good sport in Lough Owe], the trout running from 1 to 10 lb. The best season is about the time of the May-fly. GJ m. Clonhugh Stat. 7| m. close to Multifarnham Stat., amidst the trees on the 1., is Wilson's Hospital, an establishment founded by the late Mr. Andrew Wilson, who be- queathed 4000Z. a year for the edu- cation of Protestant orphans, and I 13. — Lough Derevaragh. 153 the maintenance of a certain nun: 1 old nun. In the village 1 ruins of MultiYimilutm A . remarkable chiefly for its - [uare stei pie, i'* 1 ft. in ] _ This house was founded for < tual Franciscans in 1236 by William l 1 lamere, and was noto- for having maintained its early lour later than any other esta- • although formally I by Henry VIII., those Id whom it v inted did not dis- monks, who in 1622, even ptod t lie formation of a branch'of ,t Mullingar." — L< 1 1 Civil War 1 here, for driven away. returned again in i --.... ; .-till i\\\ if the ch, [Ab ul 2 the E. of Multi- is L I > ■ varagh, an j •< I lake about (> m. .Ita expanse is in . portion, where it receii m known as the I I - banks are 1 and ■ southern end the ry iii wonderfully, be- tg am The lake here I La bounded i ch i hills— on the W. by on tli' I '.. K ] . •■■ hich ri- 1 • i the liill is an old I ' M- asantr I summit m the of the In- ! ' X ID. \- 1 Irish < A K ki'.n La I ' I . ! : in I y IV. 1 the lake arc studded With scats: on the W. Monintown, and Donore, the residence of Sir Peroy Nugent, Bart.; and on the N. bank Coolure Right Hon. Sir R. Pakenham). 2 m. to E. of the lake is Casfie Pollard {Inn: Reilly's) a pleasant little agricultural town, in the imme- diate neighbourhood of the finely- wooded estates of Pakenham Hall the Earl of Longford), and Kinturk Major Urquhart, M.P.). [The anti- quary will find at the village of Fore anc. Fobhar-fechin), 2£m. on the road to Kells, the remains of an ahbey founded by St Fechin in 630, and rebuilt by De Lacy in the 13th cent. It was an important establishment, containing 3000 monies, and known locally as Ballylichen, "the Town of Book.-." The remains are, how- ever, much more of a military than ecclesiastical character, and stand on a rock in the middle of a morass. The village also contains portions of the ancient walls, a square tower used as a burial place of the Del- vin family, and a defaced stone cross. The ch. of St, Fechin (who died of a at plague in 664) is remarkable for its doorway. "It is perfectly Cy- clopean in character, constructed al- •thcr of 6 stones, including the lintel. It has a plain architrave over which, how* ver, is nol continu 1 al< og ii - Bides, and above this there i projecting tablet, in the centre' which is sculptured e plain cross within a circle." — Petrie.] 1 ., ( ostle Pollard the tourist who is on his way t<> Cavan may rejoin the H\ . at Float Stat. Rte. 17,. I rtlc Pollard is a good rendezvous for the angler, who will find plenty of (an d troul in Lough Dereva- ragh.] l ! i,!., after cri tream i connects the Last-named Lough with Lough iron, the Line d ach< I Junction Rte. J 7 . 13 m. (he rlv. the county ji 3 151 Boute 18. — BlalUngar to Sligo. Ireland. of Longford ; 1. 1 m. the village of Rathowen, near the small lake of Glen Lough. In the neighbourhood are Newpark (J. Auchnmty, Esq.), and Ilockfield (M. Crawford, Esq.). 17 m. Edgeworthslown, though in itself only a neat, plain village, has acquired an interest that will never fade away on account of the social benefits that have accrued, not only to Ireland, but to the world at large, from the Edgeworth family. It has been established here ever since the year 1583, the first of the family who came to Ireland having been made Bishop of Down and Connor. Each generation of the Edgeworths was remarkable for their endeavours to improve the social con- dition of those around them, and none were more conspicuous in their efforts than the late Mr. Richard Edgeworth, who lived at the com- mencement of the present century, and was far ahead of his age in scientific knowledge and practice, as well as in his views on Irish education and questions of political economv. The charming novels of Miss Edgeworth,. his daughter, have been read by all the world, and need no more than a passing allu- sion. Apart from these associations, Edgeworthstown House is a plain, comfortable mansion, with no par- ticular architectural beauties .about it. The ch. should be visited on account of its steeple, an ingenious contrivance of the late Mr. Edge- worth. It was formed of iron, covered with slates, and was cleverly hoisted into its position by means of wind- lasses — "The chimney widened and grew higher, Became a steeple with a spire." In the neighbourhood of Edge- worthstown are Colamber ( — Black- all, Esq.), Whitehill House (H. Wilson Slator, Esq.), and Lissard (J. L. 0'Ferrall,Esq.). AtFirmount, which is a portion of this property, resided the Abbe Edgeworth, who attended Louis XVI. to the scaffold as his confessor. Distances. — Longford, 8J in. ; Gra- nard, 13 ; Ardagh, 5. 22 m., on 1. about 3 m. is Ardagh' Hill (G50 ft.), from the summit of which there is a very fine view. 25J m. Longford {Hotel: Long- ford), a tolerably flourishing inland little town, and the most import- ant that the traveller will meet with in this route. It is the terminus- of the Royal Canal, which is here supplied by the Camlin river. Being a corporate and county town, it con- tains the usual municipal buildings — such as gaol, court-house, bar- racks, and the like — together with a goodly number of stores and ap- pliances for trade, which has been much encouraged by the Longford family. There are no remains of its castle or abbey, both of which were at one time important, a very large Dominican house, subsequently de- stroyed by fire,, having been founded here in 1400 by O'Ferrol, Prince of Annaly. This family was all im- portant here till the middle of the 17th cent., when the castle was, taken, and all the garrison put to the sword. The tourist should visit the R. C. cathedral, which has a very lofty tower, and occupied 20 years in building. Conveyances. — Car to Athlone daily, through Ballymahon; rail to Sligo and Mullingar. Distances. — Edgeworthstown,. 8^ m. ; Lanesborongh,. 10 ; Carrick-on- Shannon, 22 ; Newtown Forbes, 3 ; Drumocl, 11 ; Strokcstown, 14 ; Ath- lone, 27 ; Mullingar, 25J ; Dublin,. 7G. The country, which hitherto has- been little but a succession of bog,, begins to improve soon after leaving Longford, and at 30 m. the village of Newtown Forbes,, on 1. of rly., is. wooded and pretty. Extending to the banks of the Shannon, which the tourist now reaches,. is Castle Eorbes,, Ireland. Route IS. — Castle Forbes — Carrick. 155 autiful seat of the Earl of I rd Lieutenant of the unty Leitrim, to whose ancestor, Arthur Forbes, the estate v. inted by James I. In 1641 the sustained a sev< re siege at the - of the insurgents, in which :tremity it w \& gallantly defended 1 ;. 8ii Arthur's widow. The grounds me distance along one spansioi the Shannon, i ns I lm, and subse- qu Lough Kilglass, both connected with , which twists about < Ltraordinary ] aky the road I J. bank of the into I 1 • : . 1-1 Lough BocL in their i ind • ry r the I flate of L . l m :• I '.'. is at one p riod . -. esi on found . • .ry 1 1 ry- l I ; i ' the Boldiers of Jam( 3 II. and William respective 1\ . [From brumod it is 5 m. t Moltill, a small town situated near the head of Lough Rinn. A fine abbey of canons regular once ex- isted here, hut no traces are left ex- cept a small circular tower. In the neighbourhood arc Bynn Castle, a stat of the Earlof Leitrim, Lakefield D. Crofton, Esq.), Clooncahir (Sir Morgan Crofton, Bart.), and Dru- mod nouso r\V. P. Joms, Esq.).] 13 m. 1. is the Little ch. of Anna- duff, and 1 1 in. Drum8na t a village situated in the neighbourhood of lovely scenery. M In one direction are seen the windings of the Shannon through a fertile district, the projection of a wooded peninsula on its course, the heights of Sheebeg and Bheemore, with the more lofty mountains of Slievi-an-ieran in the distance ; and in the other the luxuriant and varied swell of Teeraroon, the adjacent part of the county of Roscommon." The Shannon here makes a complete turn upon itself, running between the demesnes of Mount Campbell (W. A. Lawder, Esq/, and Charlestown, the seat of Sir Gilbert King, Bart. The road to Carrick, however, does not follow this soi pontine course, but crosses the river twice within a mile, arriving at 15 m. JameBtoitnit a small market- vn. incorporat I by James L, which was the Bcene of a few skirmishes in L689 between the Enniskillenen and the Irish under Barsfield. The road j - under a castellated gate- r which is Jamestown L the residence of Hugh O'Beirri \ . j . 17} in. Carrick-on-Shannon 'I 8 . 1 1 j Arms), a small town, de- riving it- sole importance from being the county town of Leitrim, win all the busim bs is held. It at 2 n to the 1 parli dm Mt, but tl 1 at th( til ;.. 1 '..; 15G Route 18. — MuUingar to SUgo. Ireland when 15,0007. was awarded as com- pensation. The town has been much benefited by its situation on the Shannon, which by means of the Improvement Commission has been rendered navigable as far as Lough Allen. Distance*. — Leitrim, 3 J m. ; Boyle, 9J ; Drumshambo, 7} ; Longford, 22. The principal proprietor in this neighbourhood is C. St. George, Esq., who resides at Hatley Manor, in the town. Quitting Carrick, the traveller again crosses the Shannon for the last time, though in so doing he by no means loses sight of the chain of lakes, as the Boyle river, which now accompanies the road, is even more peculiar in its lough system than the Shannon. The Boyle water is in fact a succession of lakes, connected together by a short river. [At 52 m. a road on rt. is given off to Leitrim and Drumshambo, crossing the Boyle at the E. end of Oakport Lough, and passing on 1. the grounds of Oakport House ( — Molloy, Esq.), while a little further on, near the cli. and glebe of Ardcarn, another road crosses at the end of Lough Key, and traverses the country at the N.E. of Lough Arrow, to Col- looney and Sligo.] At Ardcarn the tourist approaches the beautiful grounds of Rockingham, the seat of Viscount Lorton, which- for charming situation, united to all the improvements secured by modern landscape gardening, is equal to any place in Ireland. In front of the ruins of the mansion, which was unfortunately burnt down in April 1863,* spreads out Lough Key, the prettiest and most varied of all these northern lakelets, studded with is- lands and fringed with woods. On one are the ruins of a ch., and on another of a castle, formerly the stronghold of a chieftain named M'Dermott. 56 m. Boyle (anc. Buill) (Hotel : * The restoration is being actively pro- ceeded with. Monson's) is in itself a dirty place, though redeemed by its very pretty situation on the river-side, and the . unique ecclesiastic ruins hard by. The best part of the town is on the W. bank of the river, which is crossed by no less than 3 bridges, the principal one being balustraded, and of 3 arches of remarkably good span. The old residence of the Kings- town family is now used as a barrack. The ivy-clad abbey ruins, to which the attention of the archaeologist will be at once directed, are situated on the N. of the town, by the side of the river, which here flows swiftly and deeply through a charmingly wooded glen, and is crossed by a good single-arched bridge. They are in the private grounds of the Misses Robertson, by whom ad- mission is granted instantly. A Cis- tercian house was founded here by Maurice O'Dubhay in 1161, which in the same century had the honour of receiving the corpse of M'Dermot, King of Moylurg; but, like most abbeys, it suffered much harsh treat- ment, first in 1235 at the hands of the English forces under the Lords Justices Fitzgerald and M'William, and again from the soldiers of Cromwell, who, according to their usual practice, stabled their horses in it, and carved their names on the doors. From the road the visitor has a good view of the beau- tiful W. front, exhibiting the E. window at the end of the vista. It contains a single Early Pointed window with good moulding and dripstone, and is flanked by square buttresses. . Like most of the abbeys of that period, Boyle was cruci- form, with a central tower. The nave, which is 131 ft. long, is divided on the N. side by 3 Early Pointed arches. Notice the exquisite mouldings that form the corbels of the vaulting arches, and on the S. the 8 arches of pure Norm, character, with the curious dis- tinction between the 4 westerly Route IS. — Curlew Hills — Kesh Hills. 157 3, which ore piers, while the _■ onea ore columns. The ilpture "u the capitals of the - is singular, and should well - 1. The arches on the other side have been apparently . At the intersection of the xquisite segmental orch< s, Ji the chancel arch itself is E . Pointed. T N. transept, an aisle, is lighted by a \ m. win low deeply splayed lly, I mtains, as also di pt, 2 Early Pointed ing into a r< I chapel, a e y. Underneath 1. which is neatly pt — — A :'. . swete 1 '— _ r <\ which 3 with the barrack in - wi iv very ;>! are in tolerable pre- ards the and hospitium. Tn the nana a of the yet visible T .■• abbey con- ial-place of the noble to whom it still [uary will not 1 pt Robert- son foi so dilig and - from i in the i ■ Lough Key, I a '. - ■' the ' Gara, the 15 ft. long rmerly sup- 111, t: i the Coot Ml J. 1 ,31 ■ i : . i . Cai to Cost / 1 •stand 8, — Longford, 31 m. ; Sligo, 23j : Tuam, 26; Frenchpark, 9; Castlerea, \ t ; Ballinafad, I ; Carrick, 9J : Leitrim, 11. Very soon after leaving 1» »yle the road mounts in steep zigzags i Curlew Hills, which, though only 863 ft. ill height, assume a certain im- portance from their sudden eleva- tion. The views over Boyle, Lough lvt< rn Atblone to i 72 m.; paas- : a very uni ind •uii t rv, although ieved by ws on the it. 12 DL K Jury : i" a is to uraion to St. John's or , aln.nt , to the 8.E., * yon the I i-duin.** th<- I ' as in 1156, m be- lieved to have boon an early strong hold of the Danish King Turgesius in the i > 1 1 1 cent. It was long m the possession of the O'Connors, from whom it was taken by the English in the 13th cent. As described in Wold's 'Survey of Roscommon,' this oastle was built in the form of a 1\ the tail of the letter being occupied by a banque ting-hall, and the head by the keep, a massive tower, about 50 ft. in breadth, overgrown with ivy of extraordinary richness of growth* To the E. of the oastle are the re- main.^ of a watch-tower, the whole being protected by a broad ditch, which formerly converted the pe- ninsula into a promontory, and a wall 564 yds. long, with an arched gateway in the centre, and defensive towers at intervals. Near the oastle are remains of a small early eh., of abent the 13th cent. The ploasantest mode of visiting Rindown will be by water from Athlone, particularly as under the castle walls there is a snug little anchorage, known as Safe Harbour. 14 J m. Ballymurry. 18 m. Bo8Gommqn (anc. Rus-cho- main) {Hotels: Victoria; Royal) is a neat- looking country town (Top. 2731), with little beauty of situation t i recommend it, but containing two remains of its former greatnesi — the Abbey and the Castle. The former, in the lower part of the town, con- sists of a ch. 137 (\. long, " with a northern transept, in which is an aisle separated by i pointed arches, resting on massive round pillar.-; over the principal entrance is a b< au- tiral window, with an architrave de- corated \sith pinnacles ; the windows in the choir are lancet-shaped and much mutilated. Und( r an arch in the X. ride of the ehoir is a tomb with a mutilated effigy, said to be that of ( > '( Sonnor, and on the base an 1 warlike ligun B n pr« - oting aiiei. 1 1 Uowgl This I I I onor, said red h« founi thi [ nary and King of Connaught 160 Route 19. — Atlilone to JBelmullct. Ireland. in 13th cent. Seen from the railway the castle makes an imposing appear- ance on the side of the hill. The present building dates from 12G8, and was the work of John D'Ufford, Justiciary of Ireland. It occupies a large quadrangular area, defended "by a round tower at each angle, as well as by two similar ones pro- jecting from the E. to protect the gateway. One only of these towers is roofed, and forms a lofty room, vaulted overhead, and said to have been a council-chamber. In the inner court is a rectangular building containing the state apartments. Roscommon Castle is, as far as extent goes, one of the finest in the king- dom, and, according to tradition, was in good preservation up to a later date than most fortresses. It is said to have been inhabited up to the battle of Aughrim, in the reign of William III., when the fugitive Irish escaping from that engagement set fire to it. 1^ m. to the N. E. of Roscommon are remains (though small) of the Abbey of Deerane, probably de- pendent on that of Roscommon ; with the exception of a good window, they present nothing worthy of visit. Conveyances. — Hail to Athlone and Castlebar. Distances. — Castlereagh, 17 m. ; Athlone, 18; Ballinasloc, 25. 24 m. at Dunamon the Suck river is crossed by a long causeway bridge, and again, a little below, at Castle Coote. On the opposite side of the water is Dunamon Castle (St. George Caulfield, Esq.). The line now follows the valley of the Suck, if such a sluggish stream can be said to have a valley, and, passing 31 m. 1. the village of Ballymoe, arrives at 35 in. Castlereagh, an uninterest- ing town of about 1 500 Inhab., rather prettily situated on the Suck, which is here adorned with some good timber belonging to the demesne of the late Lord Mount Sandford, and now the property of T. J. Sandford, Esq. The antiquary may visit the circular cemetery of Omachan or Rathcroghan, "which is of a circular form, measuring 116 paces in dia- meter, and surrounded with a stone ditch greatly defaced. Within are small circular mounds, covering rude sepulchral chambers formed of stone, without cement of any kind, and containing unburnt bones. The monument of Dathi, with its pillar of red sandstone, is outside the en- closure, at a short distance to the E." — Petrie. To show the celebrity of this cemetery, the Connaught poet writes thus : — " There is not at this place >v A hill at Venach na Cruachna, Which is not the grave of a king or royal prince, Or of a woman or warlike poet." Conveyances. — Rail to Athlone, Castlebar, and Westport. Cars daily to Ballina and Sligo. Distances. — Boyle, 18m.; French- park, 8 i ; Claremorris, 22. The remainder of this route is per- formed by a car, which traverses a dreary country, as far as Lough Cullin, when it begins to improve* 52 m. Kilkelly. 59 m. Swineford, a poor little place, in the neighbourhood of which is Brabazon Park, the seat of Major Brabazon. At 61 m. Cloongullaun bridge the traveller crosses the Moy (anc. Muaidh), one of the most important rivers in the N.W. of Ireland. It rises ,in the Ox moun- tains, in county Sligo, and, flow- ing southwards from thence, re- ceives the waters of the Owenaher and the Owengarve, and for a consi- derable distance divides the counties of Mayo and Sligo. Near Swine- ford it flows due W. for a few miles, and then to the N., keeping a pa- rallel course with Loughs Cullin and Conn. Soon the road diverges — that to the rt. direct to Ballina — [the other runs to Foxford, and then falls into the Westport road. ' XP. Route 19. — Ballina. 101 is a small town of some l [nhab., in the neighbourhood ry far superior to any thai Her has yet met with. The hill- begin to close in, and on the N.W. attain the heighl of 1095 ft. in the rai f the Sieve Gamph ontains. Foxford is a place of tntiqnity, and was formerly the tli«' districl of Tyrawley, lying \v. r i Moy runa through • wn, and is fordable at a point • ■omweH's Rock, where the an 1 his anny are all( 1.] The remainder of nte follows the valley of the "ii rt. a few small r> L-an-atha' // * '» : !"•. ■ ■ s, tolerable : Royal isy, dirty place, rom the mouth M >y. The <>nly histori with it arc the the town by •h who in landed at I Humbert. On Rev. S. Fortescue, 1 the t >wn and a volun- dmt by a party in ambus- T M eloped and g parates " T ; the district on lied Ard- imunications main- >f handsome * I . . i '. wort) ith the abbey, founded i well-d< Ballina ifi x - and hills W 1 » • very not 'I ftsl At I built by ; . '• ! . A 1 1 taken at the and plentiful, being mostly grilse, with an occasional salmon. A few good salmon are sometimes got in the spring/' — Angler's Register. Conveyances. — Oar daily to Sligo; car to Westport ; car to Belmullet, through Crossmolina and Bangor; to Castlereagh ; coach to Athenry. Distances. — Foxford, 13 m. ; Sligo, 36; Dromore, 15; Westnort, '2:); Oastlebar, 22; Pontoon, 11; Cross- molina, ~] ; Belmullet, 41); Killala, 8 : Roserk, 5. Excursions. — 1. Killala, Roserk, and Moyne. 2. Pontoon. :'». Nephin. The route followed by the public car to Belmullet traverses the divary districts of Tyrawley and Erris. The besl way for the tourist is to skirt tho coast, by which means he may pay a visit to Roserk and MoyneAbbeys. From Ballina the road keeps the 1. side of the Moy, passing through the demesne of Belleek Castle E. Howley, Esq.) and Belleek Abbey (Col. Knox Gore). 5 m. in a dell overlooking the Moy are the ruins of Roserk or Rosserick Abbey (Ross-Searka, the promontory of Searka), founded for Franciscan friars by the sept of •Toy It is somewhat similar to Clare Galway — a cruciform eh., with ;i lofty tower rising from the in- tersection of nave and transepts, irnilar Dec.) character is the Abbey <»f Moyne, >) m. to the V., which has a Length of 135 f> • t, bod od 1 >ec. windows, and ader tower. "It lies in a - - quest* n d pastoral district, on t banks of th . watered by a small rill, which, dipping into tic granular Limestone, i igain under the ch. and supplies the convent. From t top of tie' tow< r, tic \\ to which is both i asy and ' i iix d of the building, tin- sur- rounding country, the bay,div< rsift d th-- island of Bartragh, and th- Dying ledg g of long low 162 Route 19. — Atlilone to Bel mullet. Ireland. white-crested sandhills." — Frascr. At the S. end of the island is Bart- ragh House (J. Kirkwood, Esq.). 9 m. Killala, an interesting little place, both as heing the seat of a former bishopric, now consolidated with that of Tuam, and as the scene of the landing of the French under Gen. Humbert, in 1798. With two frigates, having on board 1100 men, this expedition sailed from Rochelle, with the intention of making a de- scent upon Donegal ; but, in conse- quence of adverse winds, the General was forced to land in Kilcummin Bay, a little to the N. of Killala, and proceeded to Ballina, where the unfortunate death of Mr. Forester took place. The see of Killala is very ancient, having been founded by St. Patrick in the 5th cent. The cathedral is a plain building of the 17th cent., with later alterations, occupying the site of a much earlier ch., erected by Gobhan, an eminent architect of the 6th cent. The round tower, which is placed on an insulated eminence, is of the same date, but was struck by lightning in 1800, and consider- ably damaged thereby. Of contem- poraneous date, and built by the same individual, are the towers of Kilmac- duagh and Antrim. Killala was at one time a brisk little seaport ; but Ballina, with its superior advan- tages, has taken almost all the trade from it. The Owenmore is crossed by a fine bridge of 11 arches at Pal- merstown, the property and former^ scat of the family of Palmer. The mansion was destroyed in the troubles of '98. On the rt. bank of the river is Castlereagh, the scat of E. Knox, Esq. [1J m. rt. arc the ruined ch. of Rathfran and some earthen forts at Summerhill. 3 m. Kilcummin, containing the cell and burial-place of Cumin, or Cumean Fin, a saint who flourished in the 7th cent.] IS m. Bally castle, commands a splendid view of Downpatrick Head,, which rises to the height of 12G ft. about 3 m. to the N. The singular rock of Doonbristy, standing detach ed from the land, testifies to the violence of the Atlantic waves along this coast. The geological composition of this coast is that of yellow sand- stone, both at the Head and the opposite promontory of Benmore,. between which is a narrow slip of lower limestone, affording at Pollna- muck many typical shells and carb. fishes. From Ballycastle to Bel- mullet the road lies through a country of wild desolate mountains,, seldom rising above 1200 ft., but as dreary and untameable as anything in Ireland. It forms the district of Erris, lying to the N. of the barony of Tyrawley, and is very seldom visited. The coast scenery, however, will well repay any pedestrian tourist, with whom time is no object. From Ballycastle the traveller may return to Ballina through the valley of" Ballinglen, about 16 in. A little way from the village the road crosses the Ballinglen, which falls into the Bay of Bunnatrahir, and then keeps close to the N. coast, at the base of Maumakeogh 1215 ft., and Glencolry 1155 ft., to Bealderrig Bay, from whence it runs inland to the S.W.,. leaving the finest part of the coast without any road at all, save foot- paths to the coast-guard stations at Porturlin and Portacloy. From Bealderrig Bay, where we enter upon a district of primary rocks, to Benwee Head, the coast offers a constant succession of grand scenes. '• Moista Sound is 4 m. W. from Bealderrig. It is a chasm about a cable's length from one extremity to the other, so narrow that a boat's oars must be reefed in passing through- it. It is formed by a gigantic trap- dyke ; the trap rock has fallen out,, leaving this chasm, the sides of which are absolutely vertical, the northern 350 ft. high, the other 450 ft., and on the southern side the cliff rises I.AXI'. Runic 19.— Belmullet. 103 ;. more, almost vertically, mak- y BOO ft.; but when in the Bound upper portion is variable. The A l is about 8 m. from Bealderrig, .. or the coast-guard station of Porturlin. It is 30 ft. in height, wed through in perfect at half-tide and in moderate i i ither. It is also a trap-dyke ; here, however, the trap remains, opting at the bottom, where, by having fallen out, the arch is d : the k( ystone, as it may be term< g about r>« ,( » ft. high, the top of the cliff. 1 the l<>fty and nearly U promontory i 1 1 mvinallagh, w. from Bealderrig, Is one suc- * - ; cliffs, head- N r the northern if the promontory, to the itiful little harbour of cavern about 30 ft. * the i ntrance, and wide a 1 oai to row in. It ^ ocious circular a lofty domical roo£" — /' SI ga of Broadhaven, so con- in all the i st vi ws of l lie 1 1 megal side, ks, about 300 ft. v. of !>• nw< B29 ft., artb the ascent for the fw rl) view Achill, l) y to the and tie 1 1 • gal . : but strian Lb do i of anv port i i iillet, which is at I- 6 Iderrig I r< - ther : At 35 -• s tl ' r as : | 1 Passing through Derrycorrib, a village at the foot of Glencastle Hill, and on the Glencastle river, the tourist reaches 19 m. BelmuUet. 35 years ago a miserable collection of huts, and now a thriving little seaport. It is sin- gularly placed on a strip of land 400 yards broad, intervening between Broadhaven on the N. and Blacksod Bay on the S. : a canal has been ent through it, so that vessels, which were formerly wind-bound for weeks in the neighbourhood of the Mullet promontory, can at once go through. There isa good markel here : it being the emporium for the greater part of Errifl and Ballycroy. Belmullet is the key of the peninsula of Mullet, which extends N. as far as Erris Head, and runs B., gradually taper- ing away to Blacksod Point, exactly opposite Slieve More, in Achill Island. Tims, while one side of the Mullet is exposed to the fiercest storms of the Atlantic, the other looks npon two landlocked havens, Broadhaven and Blacksod, each of which would contain in security all the navies of the world. From tla a advantages it was at one time pro- posed t<» make Belmullet a western terminus for a trunk railway. There is not mueh of interest in the long peninsula of Mullet, in- habited Localities being few and far between. Binghamstown isa colli c- tion of wretched hovels in the neigh- I of Castle Bingham, a squa stellated mansion belonging to the family of that name, and landlords of th.- greater pari of this district. Aa may be imagined, trees ore a rarity, « verything being open to the ii< si M;. the w. The trav< Ll< r wl LI Qtfl with the hoi Id., i p< i at Ballina may turn by th.' mail car through "i- h<- may by chance catch sailing vessel or " I st- B Imuliet through nil Bound to Westport or Gal- y. 164 Route 20. — Galway to Clifden. Ireland ROUTE 20. FROM GALWAY TO CLIFDEN, THROUGH OUGHTERARDE AND BALLYNA- HINCH- Galway {Hotels : Railway Hotel, at the terminus of the Midland Great Western Ely., attendance bad, and charges high ; Black's), besides being the rendezvous for all tourists bound to Connemara, contains with- in its precincts so much to interest that the traveller should make a point of staying here for 2 or 3 days. Very comfortable lodgings can be obtained at Mis3 Grogan's in Eyre Square. Independently of its being the principal town in the county, and indeed a county in. itself, as well as the capital of Connaught, it enjoys con- siderable natural advantages, and has capabilities of becoming an important place, should improvement continue at the same rate at which it has been progressing for the last 10 years. Under various names a town has been established here from the earliest times, and Ptolemy mentions a city called Nagnata, which is generally considered to be identical with Galway. This latter is derived, according to some, from a legend to the effect that a woman named Galva was drowned in the river hard by ; by others, from the Galla3ci of Spain, with whom the town carried on an extensive trade ; and by others again, from the Gaels or merchants by whom it was occupied. Its early history is that of repeated, ravages by the Danes or by their Munster neighbours, who looked on the colony with jealous eyes ; but after the invasion of Connaught by Henry II. walls began to be erected for the protection of the town, which caused a large influx of inhabitants, among whom were " a number of fa- milies, whose descendants are known to this day under the general appella- tion of ' the Tribes of Galway,' an expression first invented by Crom- well's forces, as a term of reproach against the natives of the town for their singular friendship and attach- ment to each other during the time of their unparalleled troubles and persecutions, but which the latter afterwards adopted as an honourable mark of distinction between them- selves and their cruel oppressors." — Hardimaris Hist. There were 14 of these so-called tribes, the de- scendants of some of which, as Blake, Lynch, Joyce, D'Arcy, French, Mar- tin, &c., are still found amongst the leading citizens who in those days carefully guarded themselves from any intercourse with the native Irish. In one of the bye-laws, "of the date of 1518, it is enacted "that no man of this towne shall oste or receive into their housses at Christe- mas, Easter, nor no feaste elles, any of the Burkes, M'Williams, the Kel- lies, nor no cepte elles, without license of the mayor and council!, on payn to forfeit 5Z., that neither O' nor Mac shall e strutte ne swaggere thro' the streetes of Gallway. : ' The following singular inscription was formerly to be seen over the W. gate — " From the ferocious O'Flaherties Good Lord deliver us." Owing to its excellent situation, Gal- way enjoyed for centuries the mo- nopoly of the trade with Spain, from whence it received large quantities LAX P. Route 20. — Ocdway. 161 i . f v. . . ..and caus< d bo much ;ial intercourse thai the town led to a certain degree Spanish features, both in the ture of the streets as well as thi bs and manners of the popu- though it was nev* rthel habit of former writers to as- too much to the supposed ish origin of the town, overlook- fad thai it was inhabited by ■ ?a anally Anglo-Norman colony. 1st charter was granted by Edward III., and confirmed in suc- < ■ ilway n ached its ■ Iiit of opulence al the [rish Rebellion 11. during which period it v rkablc for its loyalty to the K .did such i ttmclit at the hands of ry army, that at the : >wn was almost wholl; d. the battle of Aughrim, G kell, with 14,000 of W Hi nay. laid it; and, g .»ut for Borne time, it I on the 20th July 1691, of a Bafe-conducl for Linn rick and a fi inhabitants, with pre- r property and pri- G by rising r the i >rtioii buill up _ur of led oi i ! by Lough I riv< r which forms the ( ■ i and in the district I i ( - tained by ] w< The II'. /: • - d li I . I in ISIS. From a map [of which 2 copies are extant made iii IG51, by the Marquis of Olanricarde, t<> ascertain the extent and value < ;' I town, it appears that Galway w;i> then entirely surrounded by walls, defended by H towers and en- tered by as many gates. A poetical description in Latin appended to this map informs us that — ■• Bis orbis septem defendunt moenia turres Intna, el ox duro est mannore quseqne domus." Since the middle of the last cent. the fortifications went fast to decay, and now nothing remains but a fragment near the quay, and a massive archway leading to Spanish Place. There is alsoa square bastion of great thickness in Francis-street, and a portion of wall with a round- headed Mocked arch; but it is only of the date of William I., and was in a perfect state not many years ag Within the last cent, the town has so much increased as to cover more than double the space formerly oc- cupied within the walls. The streets, however, though containing several handsome buildings, are narrow, in- convenient, and dirty ; nevertheh the .antiquary will find very much to interest him in the r< markable architectural features of the houses, which are foreign to a i un- known in any other town in the kingdom. Vet too much has been written and Baid al <>nt the present apj»( arance of Galway ; for time and modern improvements have to a <•< rtain extent obliterated many of the ancient remains, which, with tinns, are do1 bo patent to th- ral tourisl as might be imagined from the glowing descrip- tions. The old housi s r< quire looku for, and the more time and care that 1 II- r 1< 3t the back to, Up ..ill he I re- ward* d. Many of the I are built Spanish ion, with a . mall in patio in the c< ntre, and an teway leadii -,;. 1G6 Route 20. — Galway. Ireland. street ; but it requires some effort of imagination to identify these ill-kept and overcrowded dwellings with the gay residences of the Spanish mer- chants. The most striking specimen of domestic architecture is Lynch' s Mansion, a large square building at the corner of Shop and Abbeygate- streets, having square-headed door- ways and windows, with richly de- corated mouldings and dripstones. There is also a portion of the cornice or projecting balustrade at the top of the house, the horizontal support- ing pillars being terminated with grotesque heads. On the street face are richly ornamented medallions, containing the arms of the Lynches, with their crest — a lynx. Notice also the carved figure of a monkey and child, which commemorates the saving of an infant belonging to the family, by a favourite monkey, on an occasion when the house was burnt. The same anecdote is told of John 1st Earl of Kildare, whose crest, taken from this occurrence, consists of a monkey. This monu- ment of a great and powerful family is now used as a chandler's shop. On the opposite side of the same street is another ancient house with windows of Saracenic character. In Lombard-street, close to the ch., are a window and wall, on which is a stone bearing the legend of 2 cross bones and the inscription — ** Remember death. All is vanity of vani- ties"— 152-1 — in memory of the following occur- rence. James Lynch Fitzstephen, the then Mayor of Galway, had been one of the most successful of the citizens in promoting commerce with Spain, which he had himself personally visited, having been re- ceived with every mark of hospi- tality. To make some return for all this kindness, he proposed and ob- tained permission from his Spanish host to take his only son back with him to Ireland, where the latter speedily became a favourite from his winning manners and beauty. The mayor had also an only son, un- fortunately addicted to evil com- pany, but who, he hoped, was likely to reform from the circumstance of his being attached to a Galway lady of good family. And so it might have proved, had he not jealously fancied that the lady looked too graciously upon the Spaniard. Boused to mad- ness, he watched the latter out of the house, stabbed him, and then, stung with remorse, gave himself up to justice, to his father's unutterable dismay. Notwithstanding the en- treaties of the townsfolk, with whom the youth was a favourite, the stern parent passed sentence of death, and actually hung him from the window with his own hand. It is generally believed, however, that the locality of this tragedy lay in another part of the city. The family of Lynch, one of the most celebrated in Galway annals, is said to have originally come from Linz in Austria, of which town one of them was governor during a siege. As a reward for his services, he re- ceived permission to take a lynx as a crest. The family came to Ireland in the 13th cent., and flourished till the middle of the 17th. In 1484 Pierce Lynch was made first Mayor under the charter of Richard III., while his son Stephen was appointed first Warden by Innocent VIII. , and during the period of 169 years 84 members of this family were mayors. In Lombard-street is a fine gate- way belonging to the old Franciscan convent ; and in Abbeygate-street is the mansion of the Joyces, with a finely sculptured doorway and the inscription — "Nisi Dominus domum sedificaverit." — 1619. On a house in the adjoining street are the arms of Galway. The ch. of St. Nicholas is a vene- rable cruciform building, " evidently the work of different periods, but re- markable for uniformity in the exe- In: B rf< 20.— Galway. 10' >r order and plan in : sign." li consists of . with liancel, transepts, tral tower surmounted by a . rami is anxious in furl irticulars respecting communitv should It H irdiman*s ' History of Gal- of the finest loca- - in Ireland for the salmon o will feel grateful for the - of Mr. Ash- mprove the fishery by breed- nd by establishing n the Cong river betwi I- ug 9 i rib and Mask. — T I lifdi n, through .1- n and < highterarde ; to throup G ' 1 Ardrahan. R Dublin. 81 a rt and T.iv. rpool. Clifd . 17 in. : Moy- cnll : ! lead- ary, rt. J] ; B : I 22. found in i • '/.. Sir Tl: \ . I '. I j . : I Esq.) ; i M I ' . i . I i •. pret- I /.' . — 1. Barna, 2. Con--. 3. 01ape-(3alway [Rte. 21). f. Moycullen. 5. Aran Islands. [The pleasant coast-road may be tak< n that runs on the N, of Galway Bay, through 1 m. Salt* hill, the favourite Buburb of the wealthy Galwegians, who are gra- dually creating a marine West-end, Tl, Logisl will find between this and Barna very much to interest him. Immediately to the rt. of the road the granite is seen cropping oul and forming the high grounds to the X. almost as faras Oughterarde. On the opposite side of the bay arc the cliffs of Clare, which presenl lower Silurian rooks flanking the conglomerate b< d.< never seen in England . succeeded by a valley of denudation in which the lower limestone shales are visible, From hence the cliffs rise to the W., with the upper limestones throwing off millstone grit and thin worthL coal-seams. The white low cliffs at the water's edge are of drift, of which a magnificent section isobs< iv- able nearly opposite Barna Houe at the projecting peninsula of Sea- weed Point. 1 [( re and in the h; on each Bide are unique displays of drift cliffs, filled with fragments of k of different formations, all ex- hibiting the peculiar groovi] on the shore, at the bottom of the clii v be > en large blocks, some w.i-i,. d oul of the cliff, and ot Ik ra 1 adherent to their b of clay. Tl; >logist should on no account omit ' refully study these ap- irana the drift formation is here visible on a scale unknown in England. These drift promontori are in all probability thecoasl termina- tion of tl r ridges of sandy hill 1 1 hi t extend across Ireland fr< I uiblin, and s< parated the island into ita fir ' M ; dan divisions I o tl • B., and Leath 170 Route 20. — Galway to Clifden. Ireland. 3 m. Barna House, a well-wooded demesne facing the sea, and the re- sidence of Nicholas Lynch, Esq. There are slight remains of a castle that formerly belonged to the OHallorans, from whom the Lynches acquired it by marriage. 6 m. Fur- bough or Fnrbo (A. Blake, Esq.), is another prettily-situated residence, affording pleasant contrast to the sterile rocks and highlands inland, Here the united streams of the Knock and Loughinch rivers are crossed. 9 J m. S piddle (or Spital, from its being the site of an ancient hospi- tinm, of which slight remains still exist) is a small village at the mouth of the Owenboliska river, a rather considerable stream rising in the dreary moorlands of Iar Connaught, a little to the S. of Oughterarde. The village is some- times frequented by anglers. From hence a road is carried over the most desolate and barren hills to Moycullen 8J m. ^p. 175 ). Indeed, the whole of ttie district is very little dif- ferent from that described bv Moly- neux in 1709. " I did not see all this way three living creatures, not one house or ditch, not one bit of corn, nor, I may say, one bit of land, for stones : in short, nothing ap- peared but stones and sea." 12 m. the Owenriff river is crossed near Cahir, where there is a lead- mine. At Minna once stood the castle of Inveran, the local^, in 1549, of the murder of Walter Bourke; brother of " Iron Richard," the hus- band of Grace O'Malley. 10J m. This road terminates at the coast of Cashla Bay, where, at the coast-guard stat., a boat may be obtained to cross the inlet. At 17^ m. a road on rt. runs for 3 m. to Derrynea Lodge. Here a fishing stat. has been established by a few gentlemen who preserve the Cashla river, a stream of some breadth, which rises in the moors to the N., swelling in its course into numerous loughs. The region to the W., which lies principally in the baronies of Kilcumin and Killanin, is seldom or never visited, and indeed holds out no inducement to the general tourist to do so, its principal features being moorlands of no great height, covered at different levels with small fresh- water lakes, and frequently indented with the many bays which have ob- tained for this district the poetic name of Connemara, or Cuan-an-ir- more, " the bay of the great waters." Detached from the coast are 2 con- siderable islands named Lettermore and Gorumna. Conspicuous in the S.W. are the 3 islands of Aran, or Aran-na- neeuv (" the Islands of the Saints "), known 1000 years ago as "Insula^ in oceano occidentali positas cogno- mento Arann," and still believed by many of the peasantry to be the nearest land to the far-famed island of O'Brazil or Hy Brisail, the blessed paradise of the pagan Irish. It is supposed even to be visible from the cliffs of Aran on particular and rare occasions — " On the ocean that hollows the rocks where ye dwell A shadow} 1 - land has appeared, as they tell ; Men thought it a region of sunshine and rest, And they call'd it O'Brazil, the isle of the blest." Griffin. Passing over the tradition of Lough Lurgan ^p. 168), "the earliest refer- ence to its pra3- Christian history is to be found in the accounts of the battle of Muireadh, in which the Firbolgs, having been defeated by theTuatha- de-Dananns, were driven for refuge into Aran and other islands on the Irish coast, as well as into the west- ern islands of Scotland." — Haverty. Christianity was introduced in the 6th cent, by St. Endeus, who ob- tained a grant of the islands from iEngus, the Christian King of Mini- ster, and founded 10 religious esta- blishments. Like Barddey Island in I ! V.ND. Route 20. — Aran Islands. 171 North Wales, Aranmore speedily ob- ineda world-wide renown forlearn- £, piety.and asceticism, and "many hundreds of holy men from other if Ireland and foreign oountri inily resorted to it to study the I S iptures and to Irani and pr rigid austerities of b hermit's life;" in consequence of rich the 1 was distinguished by til ' Aran. i \animh or of the Saints. In 1651 the I anricarde fortified the stle of Ardkyn, which held out e Pi rli mentary army for an a year after the surrender . but on the occupation of id the soldier- i ( Iromwell I the gnat chi of St. A\ materials for tl :ir of the fort. The Aran islan across the of f mlwav Bay, 29 m. from thi hour, and consist of 3 in ilimor< Great Is- m. long and 11 I ; Inish- Btliddle Island), 3 m. long I 1 \ m. broad : an 1 I dsheer South 2 ; the mails starts Iway evi ry si cond day, but traveller must be prepare d for - : for, though he m sland frequently in 1 hi detained l n or i ven r. Tl. mbarkatioii is g< ne- ; by t j of tl ;h is about 8 ft. lo] with 1 nil : I, Tying 3 p • Such ity with which it is t it will land rough the rs." — Arch. Camb. r< i- no districl with early remains as this, trist who w ke ! >i'. Pel A T ! >n- • which \£ a decent inn, and KiUeany, both on the shores of Killeany Bay, ;il the S.E. end of the island". The latter, now a wretched village, was once of great note, having obtained its name from Si. Endeus or Eaney, the firsl Christian missionary. Close to the i arc the slight mins of Arkyna Castle mentioned above. It i> nor more ancient than the time, of Elizabeth. Ascending the hill, the visitor arrives al the Round Tow of which, however, only* the base remains, about 5 it. high and in circumference, though it was of very considerable height within the memory of man. Near this, and on the highest point of the easto ]-n end of the island, is 7'« ampull V>f early Irish ch., and considered by Dr. Petrie to be of the 6th cent. Externally it is only 11 ft. broad and 15 ft. in length, and is remarkable for the greal height of the gables, which was not less than 17 ft., and most pro- bably form- d of overlapping ston< The ch. stand- 'v. and S., instead of the usual orientation. I by are the ]•< mains of the hermitage, partly sunk in the rock : and of >g- hauns or stone-roofed dwellings, pro- bably belonging i<> the monks of the eh. ( )n the S.W. coast of the island '7/ Cah r Black Fori . a dim ni- fortress, with walls of enormous ;'\-t ry rude masonry.over- looking the cliffs, A ch< vaux-de- ,rji stones served a- an ■ ra mean ice on the land :nd in the interior an- remains of cloghauns. Dr. O'Donovan con- at this fori was raised by the V' ry < arliesl inhabitants of I • :i walk' m. will bring the tourist to Kiln the principal vill islai h <•« ni inii. the ither tin I - the ' 1 2 172 Route 20. — Galivay to Clifdcn. Ireland. S. coast a little higher up to Dubh- Cathair (the Black City), a fortress constructed and defended in a similar manner to the last named. It is 2 m. over the hill from this spot to Kilronan. A walk of 2 m. to the N.W. will embrace a large number of interesting antiquities. About 1 m. on the rt. is Teampull Chiarain, which has a very beautiful E. window and some crosses. 1J m. on the hill to 1. is Oghill Fort, a large dun near the lighthouse, which, it may be mentioned here, shows a revolving light at the heisrht of 406 ft. above the sea. In the neighbourhood of Oowragh are Teampull-an-Cheath- rair-alainn (the eh. of the 4 Comely Saints), also a cromlech, and the eh. and Holy Well of St. Soorney. 4 m. from Kilronan, on the N. coast, are Kilmurvey and Teampull Mic Duach, a 6th cent, ch., consisting of nave and choir in beautiful preserva- tion, exhibiting some very fine Cyclo- pean masonry. " There are windows of extreme antiquity, with lintels formed of 2 leaning stones ; and although the beautiful semicircular E. window is of a more recent date, there is a stone leaning against the E. gable, with a rudely-cut opening, which seems to have been the head of the more ancient window." There is also a remarkable narrow doorway, shaped like the entrance to an Egyptian tomb. Besides these re- mains there is Teampull Beg (the pmall ch.), together with the Holy Well and an Aharla, or monastic enclosure. On the S. coast, barely 1 m. distant, is the' fortress of Dun JEngus, described by Dr. Petrie as " the most magnificent barbaric mo- nument now extant in Europe." It is built on the very edge of a sheer precipice 300 ft. in height, and is in form of horseshoe shape, although some antiquaries incline to the belief that it was originally oval, and that it acquired its present form from the fd ling of the precipices. It consists of 3 enclosures, the w r all which surrounds the innermost being the thickest : this enclosure measures 150 ft. from N. to S. Outside the second wall is the usual accompani- ment of chevaux-de-frises, formed by sharp stones placed on end, seemingly to hinder the approach of an enemy. About the 1st cent, of the Christian era, 3 brothers, iEn- gus, Conchovar, and Mil, came from Scotland to Aran, and their names are still preserved in connection with buildings on the island — " the ancient fort on the great island, being called Dun JEngus ; the great fort of the middle island, superior in strength and preservation to the former, bearing the name of Dun Connor or Conchovar ; and the name of Mil being associated with the low strand of Port Murvey, formerly known as Muirveagh Mil, or the Sea-plain of Mil." — Haverty. 5J m. Dun Onaglit or Eoghanacht, on high ground to the 1., is a circular Firbolgic fort measuring 92 ft. across. Like all the other duns in the island, the defences are maintained by 3 walls one inside the other. "Upon the inner side are 4 sets of steps leading towards the top, like those in Staigue Fort in the county of Kerry." At the north-western extremity, 6 m. from Kilronan, is another in- teresting archaeological group, con- sisting of the 7 churches, or at least what remains of them. There are only portions of a ch. known as Teampull a PJioill, or the ch. of the Hollow, and Teampull Brecain, the ch. of St. Bre- cain, who was the founder of the episcopal ch. of Ardbracean, in the county of Meath, and grandson of the 1st Christian Prince of Thomond. At the opening of the grave by Dr. Petrie many years ago, a skull was found supposed to belong to the saint. The ch. has a chancel of rude masonry, and a more modern choir, with a lancet E. winddw. Traces of a monastic building, an engraved cross, and an inscribed Ireland, Route 20. — Aran Island*. 173 nr were found by Mr. Wilde, who also discovered and put together a inly-sculptured cross in the neigh- bouring Aharla, or sacred enclosure. Overlooking the beach are the ruins of a strong square castle, known . Caislean, the Old Castle. The g cal formation of the whole island is that of carboniferous lime- - roe, which presents much bold grand sea fronts, "The soile is almost paved over with stones, soe as in - >me places nothing is to be but large stones with wide openings between them, where cattle breake their legs." — O'Flaherty. At the beach of Git naghaun, near the 7ehi strata are horizontal, ogularly broken up by vertical gssun 3. Owing to the difficulty of walking on the huge limestone ilags u thi Granites have adopted san d a l s, or pamp i they call them, of a very primitive kind. Ihese, which all tile children are taught to make atth< of 7,are formed of cowhide witli t:;.- hair left on, cut away low ■ . aidi 9, with <»nly a little pointed in front, just sufficient to cover the toes." — Arch. Cambr. Traces of the drift are frequent in the shape of granitic bould< rs jlit over from the high grounds I innemara. There is a very con- mple near the ruins of i. 'Hi.- middle island of Aran, or J mil, is s< p irated from the ■mer by i it about 1 m. acn I j ►ry'fl Sound, The >ipal ical feature is . >rConc1 obhair, an oval rt on cliff, surrounded tal wall with a '_■• wa; d in a square fort. Ci< ruined church of T.nm- ht-m; B tw< M 1 and '2 ;. separated by ti I d Bonn 1. which dun call r Casl • a L of th ( -ud I ch. Till popu- lation of the 3 Aran islands is up- wards of 3000 souls, principally sup- ported by fishing, although the pasturage, like on most Limestone rocks, is of a very rich and sweet- fiavoured description. The owners o( the soil are the Misses Digby.who have done very much to ameliorate the condition of the people. In 1857 the islands were visited by a detachment of the British As- sociation, under the leadership oi Sir W. Wilde, and the results of the visit wi re subsequently embodied in an interesting pamphlet, to which the writer of this notice is in- debted.] [A delightful excursion may be taken up the Lough Corrib to I og, 27 m. A small steamer plies daily, and the time oc- cupied in* the journey is about 4 hrs. The river, which at the starting-point above the bridges is tolerably wide, soon narrows, and receives on rt„ opposite the Distillery of Newcastle, an affluent known as Terryland river. Close by are the slight ruins of Terryland, or Tirra- Uen Castle, a residence of the Do Burgos in the 13th cent. '1 m. rt. is Menlouqh, or Menlo Castle Sir Thos. Blake , an ivy-coven d castel- lated mansion, very prettily Bituato 1 ,,n the bank of the river. About J m. distanl from the village of Men- lough, and close on the brink of t lake, are the marble-quarries of A n- gliham, which yield a very cele- brated quality of stone. The marble is jet black, and susceptible of high polish. "It has been raised in solid blocks, often weighing upwards of 4 tons, and measuring from L8 to ft. long,'' and the quarries are Bituated on the edge of xtra- ordinary plateau of the upper carbo- niferous limestone which surrounds ■ i, the V. and E. sidi I om M. nlough to tin- entrai of the lake the river nam.. - con- derably, having on each ride of it ih, lUntfl 174 Route 20. — Galway to Clifdtn. Ireland. wild fowl. The other passages are scarcely navigable. After a course of about 4 m. the steamer enters Lough Corrib (anc. Lough Oirbse), one of the most exten- sive and peculiar of these fresh- water seas for which Ireland is so remarkable. The length of the lake to Cong is about 20 m., and the greatest breadth 6 m., not in- cluding, however, the arm that runs up to Maume. It possesses 50 m. of shores, and occupies 30,000 Irish acres, with a considerable fall from the summit level to the sea, and a surface of 13 ft. 9 in. above high water. A survey was made by the Government with a view towards establishing a grand inland navigation from Galway, Lough Corrib, Lough Mask, and Lough Conn to Killala, and thereby saving the inconvenience and dangers of the coast route. The lake was deepened in some parts, and lofty piles of stones erected so as to mark the channel, but with the exception of these improvements, and the canal to connect the lake with the sea at Galway, the scheme became abortive — the navigation at present being limited to the steamer, and a few big barges which sail with the wind from Cong, carrying kelp, sand, &c. The direction in which Lough Corrib runs is N.W., and it is divided into 2 parts by a long narrow strait. Of these the northern is the largest, although, from the number of islands scattered about, it does not apparently present such a large expanse of water. Altogether, 'the islands are said to number 365, one for every day in the year, but the tourist will soon find out that this is a popular delusion applied to almost every lake and bay in the country. The depth is very variable, in some places upwards o£28 ft., although in winter this is always increased somewhat ; while in other parts it is scarcely 3 ft. ; long shoals of jagged rocks frequently appearing above the water. On first emerging into the lake the traveller obtains directly ahead of him and to the N. W. a very lovely view of the Connaught hills, espe- cially those in the neighbourhood of Maume. The shore on the rt. is flat and uninteresting, but on the 1. is a continuous and gradually in- creasing chain of high ground, on the side of which the road to Oughte- rarde is carried, lined with pleasant woods and residences, amongst which is conspicuous a nunnery for the Sisters of Mercy, established by Father Daly. A little to the N.E. is the isolated hill of Knoeknaa, near Tuam, which, as the channel changes, shifts its position so much that the tourist is puzzled how to maintain his bear- ings. Numerous towers of castles or ruined churches stud the banks of the lake, the greater part of which will be found under their respective routes, as they are unable to be visited except by land. In the dis- tance on the rt., about 1 m. up, are the towers of Clare-Galway castle and abbey (Ete. 21), while 1. nearer the lake is the castle of Moycullen, otherwise called Hag's Castle, or Cuishla dda Cuilach. In about 4 m. the lake contracts, and the steamer enters the long and tortuous channel of Knock. On rt., close to the shore, are the ruins of Annaghdown Castle and eh., formerly the seat of the bishopric in which Galway was included ; also the woods of Annagh- down House ( — Blake, Esq.), and Woodpark House). Half way up the strait is the ferry of Kilbeg or Knock, at which a pier has been erected for the convenience of the traffic to Headford, 3 m. distant (lite. 21). Close by the land- ing-place are Clydagh House, the beautifully-wooded seat of F. Staun- ton Lynch, Esq., and the ruins of Cargen's Castle. A little farther on is Anaghheen Castle; and nearly opposite on the other bank the tower of Aiigh-na-nure Castle, the Ireland. Boute 20. — Inch a-goiU. 175 old residence ol the O'Flaherties close to Oughterarde. The Lake new expands again, and presents Borne beautiful views toward- Maume; the mountains being grouped together in a very peculiar manner. The big flat-topped hill is B< nlavie, while the Bharp escarpment to the rt. is that of Kilbride, which overhangs Lough Mask. The islands which form such an important item in the Burface of this portion of tic lake occupy about 1000 acres, 6 o( them being in- habited. The Bteamer passes on the 1. an island graced by a summer residence belonging to the Rev. J. D'Arey, wardeD oi Galway. The island of Incha-goill, or Inis- an-Ghoil] Craibhthigh, " the island the devout for< mould be visited by the antiquary for tin- sake of it> interesting ecclesiastical ruins, and for this purpose a boat will have I..- taken from Cong, distant about 3 the st ( •amor es not slop at the island. It contain- the ruins of the small ch. of Templepatrick, insidered t<> he of the age of, and indeed founded by, St. Patrick. It po and chancel, although it- length is only 35J ft. The doorway is of the simplest descrip- tion, with inclined side.-. A stone •; i ch. on which is inscribed, to Dr. Petrie — LIE LUQNA] IKJN macc lmbkukh ; in English, "the Btone of Lugnae- d i of Limeneneh." ] be individual commemorated by (g gt '!•• is supposed to have been a ] rSt Patrick. The second el rained, is of much lal similar form and dimensions, _h of more b autiful architecture. A rite Inch-a-goiU, on the •n bank of the lab . is Bally- fle and House ( '. Lynch, Esq. . A little (1; i this • • bland of Inuihmicairet r, h an abb< y form* rly exi »ted. \.\\ . corner oi • d rami foi distance inland between the moun- tains terminating at Maume. 25 m. at the head of the hike are the pretty woods of A.shford 11. Guinness, Esq. , and the village of Con- p. 182).] A ear leaves daily for Oughterai de ami Olifdeo from Bianconi's coach- office in Eyre Square. Passing over the river and canal and by the Queen's College, the traveller enters the dis- trict of Iar Oonnaught or Western Connaught, the bead-quarters of the powerful clan of the OTlaherties. This district extend- for aboul 30 m., and is now comprise d in the baroni< a of Moycullen and Ballynahinch. For several miles the road skirts the bigh grounds on the W. bank of Lough Corrib, passing many pretty wood- embowered villas,and amongsl othj rs a nunnery for Sisters of Mercy. Fine views areobtained of the hills at the head of the Lough, amongst which, on a clear day, the peak of Xephin, near Ballina, is very conspicuous. Far in the distance on the E. is Knocknaa, the Hill of the Fairies, in the direction of Tuam. 4f m. 1. Woodstock House (F. Comyn, Esq.), well sheltered amidst thriving plantations ; and further on is Kirkullen House Oapt. Hare. c; in. rt. isthe small lake of Bally- cuirhe, b yond which is the lon< ly tower of Hag'% Castle, or Cuishla- dda-Cuilach, a fortress of the Fla herties, who possessed nearly the whole of this territory. In the time of Elizabeth the father of the then OTIaherty was confined in this castle of Moycullen, and starved to death. 1\ m. Moycullen is oeat village with the usual pa- dual institutions. The land in the immediate neighbourhood was I property of the late Lord Campbell, wIim did mucb towards its improi ,,t : hut very shortly the touri enters upon the domain of Ballyna- hinch. A road on rt. runs on the side of the lake to 6j m. Knock Ferry, en route forH< adford \>. 1*1 , 176 Route 20. — Galivay to Clifden. Ireland. while one on the 1. crosses the deso- late hills to 8J in. Spiddle (p. 170). 8 in. 1. Danesfield House (G. Burke, Esq.) ; and bordering- the road a little further on are Drimcong, Deerfield, and Knockbane, the residence of A. O'Flaherty, Esq. 9 m. on rt. below the road is Ross Lake, a long, narrow sheet of water, studded with prettily- wooded islets and patches of rock. Boss House, situated at the head of the lake, is the residence of Jas. Martin, Esq., whose family has been seated here since the time of Eliz. There are several ruins in the vici- nity — as Oghery Castle on a small island and a ch. on the opposite side known as Templebegnaneeve. At this point of the route the travel- ler enters the widely-spread domain of Ballynahinch (p. 179), through which he journeys for a distance of 26 m. The Law Life Insurance Com- pany now hold this territory of the old Martin family, a territory so wild and extensive that it was the boast of Connaught that " the king's writ could not run in it." The traveller will, however, observe for himself during his journey that -fa of this property might well be spared, as regards its agricultural qualities. From hence the country begins to lose a great deal of the wood and timber which has hitherto sheltered it, and relieved it from its native wild- ness, which very soon begins to show i tself in the wide melancholy moors between this and Oughterarde. On the 1. they gradually rise to a con- siderable height, the highest point, Knockalee Hill, being 955 ft. Innu- merable little streams, emerging from as many small lakes permeate. their brown moors in every direction, the only signs of civilization being the long straight road that is visible for miles, and an occasional group of cottages on the hill-sides, of such a dubious colour that it is some time ere the eye becomes accu.stomed to the sight of them. Just after passing the lodge-gate of Eoss the first beautiful peep occurs of the 12 Pins of Connemara, the highest points in the Western Highlands. 15 m. rt., near a spot where a stream is crossed by a natural bridge of limestone, are the ruins of Augh- nanure Castle (the Field of the Yews), called otherwise the Castle of the O'Flaherties. The remains consist of a massive square tower surrounded by outworks and a banquet ing-hall, the date of the whole being probably of the 16th cent. Notice in the latter the in- terlacing patterns of the windows. A small river washes the walls of the castle, which also commands a strong position over Lough Corrib. The Q 'Flaherties, to whom it be- longed, were a powerful family who had held this country from time immemorial, and long struggled against the English Government, with which it was always at variance, as also with its neighbours the Gal- way colonists. In the reign of Eli- zabeth, however, government re- duced it to obedience by fomenting discord amongst its members, and in 1569 Morough O Flahertie was ap- pointed governor of the county of Iar Connaught. The glories of the family establishment are enu- merated in an ancient MS., as main- taining a physician, standard-bearer, brehon or judge, the keeper of the black bell, the master of the revels, the keeper of the bees, &c. The present representative is G. F. O'Fla- hertie, Esq., the owner of the neigh- bouring demesne of Lemonfield. 16 J m. Oughterarde, a straggling little town of a single broad street, situated picturesquely enough on the river Owenriff, which flows in a somewhat romantic channel into Lough Corrib. With the exception of its enormous Union House, it does not contain anything worth notice, but its proximity to the lake renders it a convenient station for fishing parties (Hotel, Murphy's). About J m. outside the town is an extremely " Ireland. JR ■' 20. — Lake and Mountain Scenery, 177 pretty waterfall, in the bed of which, when the water is low, the geolog can Bee a go "I section of tfie car- boniferous limestone. s, — Galway, 16§ m. : Re- 33, IS: Maume, 12; Lough Bonn, : Flynns, 12. [A road on rt. runs from Oughte- rarde along the Bide of Lough Cor- rib, passing 1 or2 Little hamlets, and irtiag the base of Carn Seefin (lu«»ii ft. . on the Bides of which a pper-mine was i stablished. Ai daura, oppbsite the beau- illy-wooded hill of Doon, a boat may be obtained, and the pedestrian may CI — the arm of the lake, and follow the road on the N, hank to Maume.] I' >r almost the whole distance to Clifden the road is carried over a ak moor, the geological character of which is mica rock, occasionally into talcose rock. At 20 m. 1. is Lough AgrarTard, the firsl of the chain of lakes that opany the road the whole way It is succeeded by L ; :!i Adrehid, and at 22J m. by Long] B ■tin, one of the larg< ai of the whole chain. The Bcenery is pe- culiar, and, unhss under a bright i3i ng from the monotonous outli: the hills and the Bombre »f the peal and lake wati There is - ditary school-house ai ( . la. 25 m. Ardderry Lough, with 27 m. Lough S Jndilla, i of the prettiesl be- the most wooded of the seri [A little before arriving at the E. end ke, which is the watershed of vers running into I- >ugh ( lorrib Atlantic, a road od rt., ai B itl< r*s Lodg< . turn- ov< t the moors to y> Ette. 21 5 m., which lily bee it thai op to of I . '. h ( ' >rrib aid of ( Jastlekirke.] T it. have now nt outlin character from those which have hitherto accompanied us. In (act, we have arrived ai the greal group of the Western Highlands,' ol whi Bunnabeola, or the 12 Pins, is the centre ; and the traveller now Lob all sense of dreariness in the coal, m- plation of the magnificenl and rugged heights that constantly open out. The eastern portion of this range is mostly known as the Mamturk Mountains, and comprises, amongst others, the heights of Bhanfolagh (2003 ft.) and Leckavrea (2012). Polypodium dryopteris grows abun- dantly on th< se hills. At the end of Lough Shindilla is a small she- ■ been-house, known as the Halt- way House or Plynn's, where th< re is a change of horses. Miss Plynn, the daughter of a former occupant, was celebrated for her beauty, the praises of which were chanted re- peatedly in the works of Inglis Barrow, and others. The family, however, have long left the neigh- bourhood. This is the highest point of the road, as is soon evident from the change of direction of the water's flow. [From hence a road runs direct to Kylemore 14 m., and it should be taken by the traveller who does not wish to go round by ClifdenJ Above 29j m. 1. Lough ( lurid, risi a the Ourid Bill, 1174 ft. From hen the road rapidly descends by th< of a mountain stream to 34] m. Red < [nn, a comfortable and unpretendi little holi I -landing back from the road at the fool of Ldssoughfo r, and an admirable station for investi- gating the beauti - of Glen Inagh and the 12 Pins. Garromin t one of the mosl beautiful of th< se lak< -, stretches before it, having on its opposite bank Glendalough, t thickly-wooded domi in rent d l>y the Duke of Richmond from I Law Life [nsurance ( lompany, but ai inhabited only by ;i ear< - tak< r. ( ''i an eminenc hot- Lis Li Lodg< J. B d- kin, J-,. -■{. . 'i ori I Bhould by i • 178 Route 20. — Galway to Clifden. Ireland. all means ascend Lissoughter, which, though reaching the height of only 1314 ft., is so placed as to afford a better knowledge of the mountain scenery than almost any other hill. It is situated exactly at the end of a great transverse valley, of which it forms the key, the sides respectively being the Mamturk Mountains (Shan- folagh, &c), and the 12 Pins, which arc seen to great advantage. This valley is almost entirely filled up by the lakes of Derryclare and Lough Inagh, producing a magnificent scene seldom surpassed, although, from the lack of wood, invested with a severity peculiar to the Connemara scenery. On the side of the hill are marble- quarries, from which a valuable stone known as Connemara marble is ex- tracted, and worked for the most part into ornamental articles. A road turns off near the Kecess, which was commenced in the famine year, and intended to run the whole length of Glen Inagh to join the Kylemore road, but, like many other under- takings of that sad era. was never finished. Derryclare, the first lake, com- municates with Glendalough by a short stream called Bealnacarra, and also with Ballynahinch Lake by another. It is narrow, about 2 J m. long, and magnificently situated just at the foot of the 12 Pins. A little above it is Lough Inagh, even more beautiful, because occupying more fully the length of the valley for 3 m. The whole of the E. side is bounded by the lofty mountains of the Mamturk range, the most con- spicuous points of which are, com- mencing from the S., Shanfolagh (2003 ft.), Maumeen (2076), Knock- na-hillion (1993), and Letter-brec- kaun (2193). In this valley are 2 oases of cultivation, Derryclare (Mr. Cunningham) and Coolnacarton, the demesne of Mr. Joyce. Proceeding along the high road, the attention is altogether taken up by the 12 Pins — " bare, but glittering with the aerial brilliancy peculiar to their formation, their peaked summits rush together in elevations of from 2000 to 2500 ft., a splendid cloud-pointing assemblage. Conne- mara proper, though a mountainous, is not an upland country ; the plain from which its greatest elevations rise is little more on an average than 100 ft above the level of the Atlan- tic ; so that its masses lose not a tittle of their real altitude, but, lifting themselves to their full height at a stretch, look over the plains with much greater majesty than many other mountains higher by 1000 ft. Benlettery and Derryclare stand foremost like an advanced guard to the group on the S., while in front, flank, and rear, open 4 principal glens, each one with his torrent, and 3 of them with their proper lakes ; Glencoaghan, with the lower lake of Ballynahinch, looks southward on Roundstone and Birterbury ; Glen Inagh, cradling its black waters under the tremendous precipice of Mamturk, down which the stream that feeds Lough Inagh falls 1200 ft., and opens the gorge of its prison upon the E. ; Kylemore yawns N. and W. on Renvyle ; and on the W. and S. the ravine whose torrent waters Clifden looks over the At- lantic . ' ' — Bartlett. Bunnabeola, " the 12 most beau- tiful bens or Pins," the termination " la " signifying a superlative degree, is a grand irregular mass of slaty quartzite rocks, the peculiarity being not so much in the height as in the number of isolated points so nearly converging. The highest point, though not quite in the centre of the others, is Benbaun (2395 ft.), sur- rounded by Derryclare (2220), Ben- lettery (1904), Beiigower (2184), Ben- breen (2276), Bencollaghduff (2290), Bencorr (2336), Bencorrbeg (1908;, Muckanaght (2153), Benglenisky (2710), Benbrach (1922), and a small supplementary summit known as the Key of the Pins. The beauty of their =r ' a\i\ Route 20. — Bally nah inch. 170 and precipitous Bides is -till rther enhanced by the colouring imparted to them from the various hi and lichens. The tourist who wishes for a magnificent view cannot do b itter than ascend Ben- ktery 1904 ft , winch, though not quite ><> high as some of the era, is less surrounded by rival eminence s. The view embra< Urrisbeg, Roundstone, and Birter- lmrv Bays in the S . backed up in the distance by Galway Bay, while ( usm 1 and L tt< rshanna mountains as a t'<>r, grotind ; westward is Olifden and the whole country from 1 y to Ardbear, Ballynakill y. the hill of Renvyle, with the blan in, Inishark, and many while further X. the sharp crags of Achill Head open out. E. the r of the Mamturk Mountains, with the melancholy p; M ami en. The botanist will find among the sides of the 12 Pins a rich harvest : Arbutus uva-ursi, Ly- . Empetrum nigrum, Alchemilla alpina, Saxifraga iiin- . Erica daboecia, S. oppobito- foli The road to Clifden crosses the B ' arm river, giving off on 1., a by-road, which runs down to the sea at Birl rbury Bay over a dreary moor- id. The ] • in who wishes to deith ahel 102^1 ft. orLet- tershanna Bhould follow this road, but, if on his way to Roundstm »uld carefully avoid it and keep • OB tO tn. Ballynahinch, which stands •ii and on the B. side same name. [At Canal Bridge a road on 1. to the hous< , and on to D< rra- l Roundston< . The lake is irregular and picturesque, and eon- t ti a in it- w- stern portion t which tie, with only main- . which WB ing I of the Martins, who " reigned " for many generations over this countv, is a plain embattled buildi pleasantly situated between the Lake and the river. Tt is now the residence of Mr. Robinson, agent to the Law Life Insurance Com- pany, who purchased the whole of this vast domain for 180,0002. when it came into the market. From all accounts, however, it would 3i em that the district has not derived that benefit which might be expeeto d from such an undertaking. "Col. Martin, the representative of the family BOme 50 years ago, is said to have endeavoured to put the Prince Regent out of conceit with the famous Long Walk of Windsor, by Baying that the avenue which led to his hall-door was 30 m. in length. The pleasantry was true to this extent, that the greater part of the distance of 40 m. from Galway to Bally nahinch lay within the Martin estates, while the road from the one. to the other Mopped short of the mansion, beyond which there was little else hut rugged paths." It was on the fortunes of this amiable though ill-fated family that Lever has founded his novel of the 'Mar- tins of Cn>" Martin.' Prom Bally- nahinch, where there is an inn, the road follows the 1. bank of the ( )wen- more, a very pretty stream, and, what is more, an admirable sporting river, to '1 m. I >' raddia, a ii lion, where tin re is ftlso a comfort- able little hotel kept by a Scotchman named Robertson, who i> engagt d in working the salmon fishery to a large extent, and sending the pn - Berv< d contents to mark. t. For 1 1 purpose he rents the fishery, payi .">'. J? 21.— !-< -Ocdway — Roes All 1S1 unyn, Esq.), in the grounds of which is nined tower of the Bame name. Border tow< ca are very nume- rous over the whole of the W. of and Mayo, and Btrongly im- press upon us the insecure tenure of life and land in those days of hard hitting. Kiltullagh Castle is jusl >ther tower aboul |m. to the ad there is a third on the 1. near Bocklawn. Killeen is Rockwood. From hence, passing Borne pri- mitive mud-coloure^ Irish villag •»■ from the i straordinary nner in which they are built and huddled together without any ap- rent plan, we arrive 7 :. • ,a Bmall villi on tfa - Lway river, possi — ing a picturesque castle and a very :utiiul abbey, I in the 13th tt. for Franciscan friars by John De ( gan. It is a cruciform cli., con- g of nave, choir, and trans I by a graceful tower of . lighted by a small square window in each - though there is a Dec. window looki _ toward- the E. The intersecting - underneath the tower are uitiful, as is the mutilated . of the choir, which is d by <"> plain lanc< on ride. It ' a Di altar- of the date 1648. The only S. wall standing, Lighted by plain pointed windo 1 inderneath '2. block d probably I for V wall 1 1 j - ly v< main 4 noble arches spri i rounded piers. A portl bbey is d I to the i little chapeL The • ited by a 6 tuple of the family of 1 >•■ 1 1 . and v ted by 1 M of Clanricardt LI. diverges on rt. t<> Tuam. Grossing the Waterdale stream, on the hanks o{' which lower do,, q is anoth< r ruined lower Liscananaun ,we reach Cregg Castle, the wooded seal of l\ Blake, Esq., formerly the r< deuce of Kirwan, the chemist and philosopher, and th thplace of his brother Dean Kirwan, equally celebrated as a theologian. A pretty river Bcene opens <>nt as the road winds round the park and crosses the Cregg near some mil!.-. [4 m. 1., overlooking the low shores of Lough Corrib, are the ruhn I -de and eh. of Annagl down, win', though now desolate and neglected, was - Enachdone, a celebrated ecclesiastical establi nl ]». L67 , being the seal of a bishopric, and containing a nunn< bbey, a monastery for Franciscans, and the college of St. Brendan.] A little beyond Gregg is the Currabeg monastery. 18J m. 1. arc small remains of Cloghanower Castle, and very soon the extensive woods and park of Headford Castle come in sight. The ho ise is a line old Elizabethan building, and ilia residence of C. Si. George, Esq., to whom as resident landlord the town and neighbourhood of Head- ford are greatly indebt< m. Hi adford Inns : Headford ; Redington'f little town, ah< It- rtd by tli'- castle, and ]»lae. d in a rather English- lot king country. Alti is nothing in the town of inter* st, yet the tourist should by .11 means pay a visit to ./, Abbey, aboul IJ in. distant, one of the d and beautiful buildi .' land, built at the < 15th a t. by 1. I ( -ranard for < > i mciscans, and I I of ( Hanricarde religious bona 3. I tin- i ligious and d'!i. buildings, it ound on tin- 1 ad overlooking a tract of 182 Route 21. — Oalway to Westport. Ireland. bog. It is the cemetery of many good Connaught families, and probably contains more grinning and ghastly skulls than any catacomb, some of the tracery of the windows being filled up with thigh-bones and heads — a not uncommon way of dis- posing of these emblems of mortality in Irish abbeys. The ch. has a nave, choir, and S. transept, with a slender and graceful tower arising from the intersection. Attached to the nave are N. and S. aisles, and a chapel running parallel with the S. transept. The latter, together with the S. aisle, are separated from the nave by round-headed arches with octangular piers. Two round arches also divide the transept from the aisle, and 2 blocked ones from a chapel on the E. In the W. chapel of the S. aisle is a small monument of the O'Donnells, 1646. The nave is shut off from the choir by a broad- headed segmental arch. The latter part of the ch. is lighted on S. by 4 double-light trefoil windows ; and on the S. side of the altar is a double- arched niche used as an ambry. The E. window is Dec, with very delicate tracery, and is worth notice, as is also the moulding of the W. door, close to which is the stoup for holy water. To the N. of the nave are the cloisters, which are in good pre- servation. The area is small, and surrounded by 10 beautiful pointed arches about 3 ft. high, the entrance of the passage within being under round-headed arches. " By pointed aisle and shafted stalk, Th r - arcades of an alley'd walk, To emulate in stone." From the N. of the choir runs a long chapel lighted by E. Eng. win- dows, those on the N. side having ogee heads. A projecting building also on the N. of the choir was pro- bably the abbot's residence, and beyond the N. transept is the kitchen, with ample fireplace and spout for carrying the water away ; also a stone reservoir and pipe connecting it with the river, probably used as a fish vivarium. On the E. of the kitchen is the guesten-hall, in which there is an aperture communicating with the kitchen for the entrance of the viands. Probably there is no ruin in the kingdom showing the do- mestic arrangements to greater ad- vantage than Ross, which on this account deserves to be attentively studied. The abbey is now the pro- perty of Mr. St. George, of Headford Castle. Conveyances. — Car to Gal way and Westport ; car to Tuam. Distances. — Galway, 20 m. ; Ballin- robe, 14; Tuam, 12^; Shruel, 4; Cong, 10 ; Ross Abbey, 1J ; Knock Ferry, 3J ; Clydagh, 4. [A very interesting detour may be made through Cong to Maume, and so on to Leenane or Clifden. 1J m. rt, on the banks of the Black river, is Moyne Lodge (P. Ward, Esq.). In the grounds is Moyne Castle, a square tower, in the interior of which is a spiral staircase leading to a covered passage running round the building, and lighted by loopholes. On the high ground to the N. is Moyne ch. in ruins. The abbey buildings of Ross have an extremely beautiful effect when viewed from this side of the river. 5 m. is Glencorrib, the seat of Col. O. Higgins ; and a little further on is Houndswood (E. Dawson, Esq.). The road, as it traverses very high ground, affords exquisite views of Lough Corrib and Lough Mask, with the giant ranges. of the Maume mountains, and Benlevy in the distance, while more to the N. are Boliaun and the Partry mountains- In fact, a great portion of the wild Joyce's country is before the eyes, as regards its ex- ternal boundaries. 7 m. the Cross, whence a road diverges to Ballinrobe. Garracloon Lodge is the residence of Dr. Veitch. On rt. is Ballymacgibbon House. 10 m. Cong {Hotel: Burke's) is a quaint village situated in the \D. R ut* 21. — Cong. 183 of b district teeming with natura] curiosities, which in former tii.. ulil have been considered rd< ring o]\ the supernatural. Cong ut ly situated on a rapid .i emerges from Lough Mask, and i mpti< If into Lough i ' >mk aft< r a course of about 1 m. ie \ ii! _<• is j m. from the landing- pier on the latt«r lake, and near it on 1. is Ashford House, the resi- (1, not ' I. Guiness, Esq., and on rt. Btrandhill (Capt Elwood). A w bouse is also V>> ing built by W. Wilde at Gort-na-curra, the site of the ancient battle-field of W \ ira. The principal archaeological in . 1, a stone cross in the t, with a v< ancient Irish inscription in memory of 1" I and Nicol ( >" 1 )uti\ . who were form* rly abbots of Cong. 'J. The al irkable for i1 utiful Trans. -Xorm. architecture, though whole it is not an imposing of an extensive building. Eoderic O'Connor, the last native king I 1. .-pent the remain] 15 ] - of hi- life here in the stri ision, dying in 1198, II;- tombstone is shown by the guid< s, although, according to - -.. . was buried at donmac- noise. The visitor should notice the autiful moulding of the entrance . the W. fr< which j ts internally a Norm. bl< or with bead moulding, the « xt< rior, 3 doors b ed, one 1 plain round- headed, and the others very rich Ti Norm, to E. Eng. Tin 1 3-ligh1 window of n tnark- i, and others deeply ind round-headed. The call* d the Stra < ( !oncernii . y I )r. ■■ I i ■■ found no au- tli ble me to fix wit of the of this moi tain no of it: the characteristics of its style are such as will leave no doubt of its being a work of the close ^\' the 12th cent., while its magnificence indicates with no less certainty the pious bounty of the unhappy Roderic, who, in his later years, found refuge and, wo may hope, tranquillity within its clo shred walls."* Adjoining the abbey is a neat villa, and pail of the ancient fishing-house on the bank of the river, which runs swifl and (dear. The abbey of Cong was uoted for its great riches and ornami ats, of which fortunately the CTOSS of Cong now in the Royal Irish Academy -iill re- mains as an example of exquisite chasing, showing to what a high pitch decorative ari had attained. It is of pure gold, containing a larg crystal in the centre. An account of it will be found at p. 11. Having examined the ruins, the visitor should explore the natural curi- d(s of Cong, chiefly caused by the vagaries of the river connecting Tough Mask with Tough Corrib. Although the distance i> really 4 m., its apparent career is only J m., as the remainder is hidden under* ground with hut few tokens of presence. The country to the N. of Cong, as far as I. ugh Mask, is a Miics of limestone plateai of carboniferous, though, according i i some geologie Silurian ag Whichever it maj he, ii in- larly perforated and und< rmined, and an approach t-> ii> subtei ranean 1 x ;i ut it a is permitted at tin Pigeon Hole, about I m. distant from tl village In the centre of a field tin )«• i- a iii.ukt d dep] Q, having on one side a pi rjiciidicular hole of • 'ii ft. d< i p. and of barely that of the shafi ol l-j'it. The aspect of this aperture, covers d n is with f< rasand dripping m i- v. l \ p< culiar, and it a little resolution and al of cend tin shpp< rj to the bottom, wh( re we find a con- tn, in cuu- 181 Motile 21. — Galway to Westjport. Ireland. sequence of the hollowing away of the rocks. When the tourist's eyes get fairly accustomed to the semi-darkness, he will perhaps be fortunate enough to detect in the river, which runs babbling by him, the blessed white trout which always frequent this same spot, and to catch which was an act of impiety too gross to be committed. In addition to the guide, he is accompanied down the hole by a woman carrying a bundle of straw, which she lights and allows to' float down the stream. As she follows the windings of the cavern, every now and then disappearing behind the rocks, and then reappear- ing, waving the fitful torch above her head, the scene is at once mysterious and picturesque. Nearer Gong there are some more of these curious caverns : one of them is called " the Horse's Discovery," and contains stalactites. It is close to the old ch., which suffered so much injury from the depression of the ground, that a new one w x as obliged to be built. The tourist should engage the services of a guide, who rejoices in the name of Mick, and who has a legend for every spot, and a reason for every- thing. The river emerges for a few hundred yards close to some mills, where the water is plainly observed to bubble up and immediately run off in different directions, forming 2 sepa- rate streams. The canal is the last, and probably the greatest, curiosity, as an example, not to be matched in this kingdom, of a gigantic failure. During the frightful starva- tion crisis in Ireland, many hun- dreds were employed in this scheme, which was to connect the 2 lakes, and thus extend the inland naviga- tion to Lough Conn and the Moy rive]- at BaJiina. As far as the relief given to the suffering peasants it was very good ; but by some mistake in the engineering calculations, the canal was found, when finished, to be utterly incapable of holding water, from the porous and permeated cha- racter of the stone ; and to this day it remains a huge useless blunder. Conveyances. — Steamer daily to Galway. Distances. — Headford, 10 m. ; Maume, 13^; Ballinrobe, 7 ; Lough Mask Castle, 4. Galway by water, 27. From Cong the road to Maume con- tinues along the N. shore of Lough Corrib ; passing on rt. 2 m. Eosshill, a seat of the Earl of Leitrim, on the banks of Lough Mask. In the grounds are inconsiderable ruins of the ch. or abbey of Kosshill ; and adjoin- ing is Benlevy Lodge (T. Blake, Esq.). Directly in front of the tra- veller the mountains rise with fine abruptness ; on the rt. Benlevy, 1286 ft. ; Bohaun and Loughnabricka, 1628 ; and to the 1. the ranges of the Mamturk, in which Shanfolagh, 2003 ft., is most conspicuous. Towards Lough Mask the precipitous hill of Kilbride is seen. Benlevy mountain is a very good landmark for this district, in consequence of its pecu- liar square truncated summit, on which there is a clear lake. It is worth ascending, as by going more into the heart of the Joyce country the views over the lakes are a good deal shut out by the mountains im- mediately around them. At 8 m. the road crosses the Dooghta river, rising in Loughnabricka, and skirts the singular arm pushed by Lough Cor- rib into the very heart of the moun- tains. 21 m. 1., on an island, are the conspicuous ruins of Castle Kirlce, otherwise called Caislean-na-Circe, the Hen's Castle, of such extent as to cover nearly the whole of the island. According to a legend, very widely spread in this district, it was built in one night by a witch and her hen, which, together with the castle, she gave to the O 'Flaherty, telling him that, if he was besieged, the hen would lay sufficient eggs to keep him from starving. The event soon hap- pened, but O 'Flaherty, forgetting the injunctions, slew the bird, and was immediately starved out. " Enough Ireland, B wtte 21. — Sh rule — Ballinn ISo n mains to exhibil its original plan, which was thai of an Anglo-Norm. • stle or keep, in the form of a parallelogram, with 3 projecting towers on its % 2 Longest sides; and the architectural featuresof the 13th cent, are also visible in some o( its uted windows and doorways." — Irish Pen. Mag, Ii was illv erected by the sons of Roderic. si king of [reland, with the help chard de Burgo. 23} in. Maume Bridge [Rte.22 , where the traveller wili find a pleasant little inn,* built, as well as the bridge, by Nimmo the * ngineer, to whom Oon- mara ow< a innumerable debts of I itude. situation is enchant- er, at the base of the giant Lough- nabricka, and right in front of I. ck- avrea and Shanvolagh ; while - he Bealnabrack and the Pail- ni- ke away from the solitude and mpt the fisherman. Two other el here— one from the < >ugh- od ( [ifden road 4§ m. (Rte. ad one from Leenane, ninning >wn the valley of the Joyce's river B< . 22 . Di O mg, 13J m.; Leenane, 8j : I ! Lfway-house, 6J.] I ontinuing on his course from 1. the travelL r p -• - rt. . . i. House. Far in the di - tance is Knocknaa Hill near Tuam, from it- rition visible over a \ count] 1 town situs on the ruins of i -towered castle, mi,i ;, m lasa ( n- In 1641 Sir Henry I : no, try ut a (among whom v. I ! - Killala , arrive d irule i > * I of tlif Maum< ■ .in been obliged to surrender from want of previsions), under promise of si orl from Lord Mayo and the R. C. Bishop of Tuam. Notwithstanding this promise, they were handed over at Shrule Bridge to the keeping of a relation of Lord Mayo, cue EkLmund Burke, "a notorious rebel and bitter papist, the man who not Long In lure, having taken the Bishop of Killala prisoner, wanted to fasten bim to the Sow a battering engine), with which he was attempting to beal down the walls of Castlebar, in order that the besieged in firing mighl shoot their own prelate." Otway. Theun- fortunate Protestants were attacked by him in the most ferocious manner : some were shot, others wire piked, others cast into the riv< r : in all were slaughtered. Tin re is a very handsome R. 0. chapel in Shrule. In the neighbourhood of the town is Dalgan House, the beautiful scat of Baroness De Clifford. The Blackwi ter in its course from Shrule to Thorpe plays the same vag as the river ;;t ( 'ong, and has an und< und course for some little ice. 28J m. Kilmaine. 34 in. BaUinr* anc. Baile-an- rodhba) (Hotels: Victoria; Ballin- robe), a town of boi >0 [nhab., in pleasant proximity to Lough k and on the river Robe, though in itself cont nothing of into i ive small r< mains <untry, :tending for 1 m., the ol for 3, and having it- \ ■ 6 ft. ah<)\ ammer h \ el of I .■ i rib. Tie i of the imparatn i . but the W. is boundi -I by the fine, thoi somewl Pari >untaii i ' points i . ; and 1S6 Route 21. — Galway to Westj)ort. Ireland. Bohaun, 1204. 4 J m. from Ballin- robe, on the shores of the lake, is Lough Mask Castle, a solitary ruin of no great extent, but in a fine position. The island of Inishmaan, elose to the shore, contains a ruined eh., originally built by St. Cormac in the (Jth cent, and enlarged in the I2th. It has a good side doorway of quadrangular form, in which the weight of the lintel is taken off by a semicircular arch. The geologist will find on the shores of this lake Upper Silurian strata, which are the equivalents of the May Hill deposits, and their passage upwards into Wenlock beds. [6 m. 1. is Holly mount, a small town, also on the Kobe, containing a ch. with a cast-iron spire, and (at no great distance off; an Agricultural School. Adjoining the town are Holly mount Park (T. S. Lindsay, Esq.) and Bloomfleld (Col. Rutledge).] From Ballinrobe the road gradually ap- proaches Lough Mask, and at Keel Bridge crosses a narrow isthmus be- tween it and Lough Carta, an irre- gularly shaped lake, about 6 m. long, though never more than 1 broad. On the opposite bank of Lough Mask, under the Slieve Partry Hills, is Toormakeady, a seat of the Bi- shop of Tuam. 42 m. at the head of the lake is Partry, a village that has attained an unenviable notoriety from the number and frequency of evictions unfortunately necessary or considered to be so by the landlord of the soil. Iron-works were once established here, but are no longer worked. The road now diverges, the direct and shortest route to Westport being to the 1., but the antiquary will find it to his ac- count in taking the other route, and thus visiting the ruins of Ballin- tobber Abbey < anc. Baile-an-Tobhair), which, though little known, are very beautiful, and well worth a purpose expedition. Careful inquiries should be made as to the direct locality, as they lie on a by-road to Ballyglass, and just opposite a public-house called "Lyons." It is a large cruci- form ch., with nave, transepts, and choir, the latter . still possessing its roof. The visitor will be struck with the immense height of the gable ends and with the intersec- tion (where the tower once stood), which is marked by 4 splendid arches springing from sculptured imposts. The vaulted roof of the choir (which is divided into 3 bays) deserves particular attention. From each of them springs a vaulting arch right across to the opposite bay, as also one to the alternate angles, thus producing a singular intersection. Over the altar are 3 blocked windows of exquisite Norm, design, with double dog-tooth moulding, and over the middle light is another smaller Norm. window. On the S. side of the choir is an archway with 2 circular-headed arches, and on the N. is some moulding, apparently belonging to an altar-tomb. The nave is lighted by 8 Early Pointed windows, deeply splayed inwardly. In the transept are 2 chapels, the most northerly con- taining a stoup, the design of which is a misshapen head and face. The monastic buildings are at the end of the S. transept and adjoining the nave ; and in what was probably a chapel to the S. of the choir is an elaborate altar-tomb, on the pedi- ment of which are 5 singular figures representing ecclesiastics. The whole row was evidently filled by them, but the remainder have disappeared in the course of time. The visitor should also notice the doorway, an exquisite pointed arch resting on 4 receding co- lumns. This fine abbey was founded in the 13th cent, by Cafhal O'Connor, king of Connaught, for Canons Re- gular of the order of St. Augustine, and fortunately for the archaeologist lias but little history, as such gene- rally entailed the complete destruc- tion of all the finest features. A very dreary road leads from the abbey to the Triangle, following the Ireland. Bottf 22.— Clifdi 1 7 course of the Ayle, which like the ( mg river flows through a lime- »ne table-land, and has at tina b a subterranean course. It rises near tlu- village of Aughagower m an impetuous cavernous spring similar that of the shannon on Oulkeagh moontaii] ; . and of course is the of many a curious country- sid( ry. It' the geologist 1 tin* ■. he should follow the river up to its - ' u ■■■< . through this singular district At all events, if the da] . he will be gratified with the r views of Nephin over Lough nd the Reek near West- port, which show to great advantage. 5 m. the Triangle, poinl of junction 1 1 llinrobe roads. A little further on 1. is Ayle ch., and i by a mound surmounted by I shell of a ruin, known as Pkilbins I le. [H in. 1. is the village of Augha- r anc. Achadh-fcbhair), which 1 be visited on account of it- round tower, a venerable Ivy-covered tower, of apparently _ s, of rude workmanship. It is lig I by 2 rude b< micircular archi d windo 3. ad entered by a square doorway. The conical topis want h _. 01< -•■ by is the ruin of a and high- I on E. by a v< ry jui t: . tndow splayed in- rdly. < )'i t: e I. of the building is in: ry. Rejoining th< road, Mountbrown J. \A\ >n, e.22). Hotd: ial. ROUTE 22. PROM CLIFDEN to LEENANE, WEST- PORT, AND SLIGO. Clifdi i Hotels: Hart's, comfort- able : Carr's, Mr. Hart is most ready to communicate to the tourist his large Btock of Local informa- tion about this district . After traversing the wild, heathery roads from Oughterarde and the Recei Clifden, with its picturesque streets and escarped situation, is pleasant to look upon. It mainly consists of 2 streets, built at a considerable height, overlooking the harbour of Ardbear — one of those beautiful in- lets which are at oner the puzzle and the pride of Connemara, or Conmhaicnc-inara, " the land of bays." Tt has no antiquitii - to boast of, being an entirely modern creation of the family of D'Arcy, who have been untiring in labour- ing for the good of the locality, both t< mporally and spiritually. Its buildings are a pri ttj ch. and schools, an [rish M I louse, an orphanage, and an enormous work- house, district of I o beii one of those which suff! red irfully in the famine y< ar. The union comprises ai L92,0 acre.-. I > i i t for the invalid and the rafter the picturesque,* Slifden will furnish much pleasure from the h. auty of tl lsI and its proximity to the Twelve Pins, which are to tie from • V( iy ling from the town. A riv< r descends from mountains, form- ing a v* ry pr< tty i de close to tie to Ardbear. I to Round qi I £i ris- liiimiii < i inl< ir, 1SS Route 22. — CI if den to Sligo. Ireland. giving occasion to the driver to call attention to the fact of the traveller crossing the Atlantic in a car. On the 1. the view is very pretty when the tide is up and tills the little hay, an island with a crucifix on it being in the middle and a monastery on the opposite shore. The country between Clifden and Koundstone Kte. 20) is extremely dreary, as also all along the coast as far as Bun- owen, the seat of Valentine Blake, Esq- ; but by mounting the hill above it we get a good view of Slyne Head, on which is a light- house with one fixed and one revolv- ing light. At Errislannin is the ruin of an old ch. The great lion of Clifden is Clifden Castle, formerly the residence of the D'Arcy family, and now of that of Eyre. Its situa- tion is matchless, embosomed in woods overlooking the bay and oppo- site coast of Kusheen, beyond which stretches the blue Atlantic. At a distance, too, the towers look well, but the effect is spoilt by a nearer inspection. It is, moreover, badly and untidily kept. From the castle there is a charming walk down to the shore, and along the bay to Clifden, passing a Mission House and the villa of Lakeeragh. But little trade is carried on, save in fish. Enormous quantities of lobsters are annually sent away, so much so that there is great difficulty in procuring one in Clifden. A good deal of kelp is manufactured on the coast, and sent to Glasgow by Mr. Hart, who has a storehouse near Bunowen. The price varies from 21. 2s. 6cZ. to 21. 15s. per ton. The mouth of the harbour is almost closed by a reef of rocks, ren- dering the approach exceedingly dangerous to vess ( 'onveyanees. — To Oughterardeand Galway, a car twice a day. Distances. — Galway, 47 m. ; Ongh- terarde, 31 ; Recess, 13J ; Round- stone, 11 ; Bunowen, 8 ; Streams- town, 3 : Kylemore, 13 ; Leenane, 21 ; Errislannin, 5 ; Ballynakill, 6. Excursions. — 1. Kylemore and Killaries. 2. Bunowen. 3. Roundstone. 4. Twelve Pins. From Clifden the road runs N". over high ground, the ascent of which is rewarded by a charming view on the 1. of the bay or inlet of Streamstown, with the small island of Innishturk, and the larger one of Omey, at the entrance. On the S. side of the bay is the ruined ch. of Omey, and on the N". the castle of Doon— a fortress of the O' Flaherty s, built upon a precipice with a trench round it. 3 J m. 1. a road branches off to Claggin Bay. On the headland overlooking it is a Martello tower. The tourist will notice an increasing improvement in the appearance of land and houses all the way from Clifden. There is comparatively little waste bog, and it is evident that a very superior class of settlers have brought capital, industry, and patience to bear upon this hitherto neglected district. 6 m. at Ballynakill the road sud- denly descends upon the bay and harbour of Ballynakill, a broad and beautiful fiord, which sends its arms in for a long distance and is sheltered on every side by hills. On the N. is the rocky mass of Rinvyle, rising almost directly from the shore, and on the E. the bay runs nearly to the foot of the outliers of Bimna- beola, or the Twelve Pins. Off Claggin Head, about 3 m. from the shore, is High Island, or Ard- Oilean, uninhabited and difficult of access from its rocky sides. There are some curious remains here, con- sisting of a square of about 20 yards, at the corners of which were erected small houses, with walls 4 ft. high, and domical roofs, the covering being formed of one big stone. There is also a ch. 12 ft. long and 10 wide, with a stone altar. Many carved and sculptured stones are scattered about, as well as other graves — 1 LAND, Routi '22. — L< th rfrack — Kylema >bably of tl who were not in orders, The house of St Fechin, which an illustration is riven in P< trie's work, M is square in the inte- rior, and measures 9ft by 7 it. (Jin. in height The doorway La 2 ft, 4 in. le and 3 ft. 6 in. high. The mate- 1 of this structure, which da; from the 7th cent, is of mica slate ; and though its external appearance very rude, it> interior is constructed with admirable art The doorway i. ia ■_! t*t. wide, and its hori- ital lintel is inscribed with a cross. Th< I'.. window, the only one in tin' building, micircular-hea led. and i- hut 1 t't. high and 6 in. wide. The chapel i- surrounded by a wall, allow- ing a ]•; of -i ft. bel en them, and from this a covered pass •nt 15 t't. long Leads t<> a cell, which was probably the abb hitation. There i- also a covered a llery, 24 ft. long and 4 ft. ♦; in. high, the use of which it i- difficult i o conjecture." — V<-irie. •ni tli . and from statements tie by ' ^Flaherty, it was evidently an establishment tor Eremitical or rmit-monks. In addition to the interest of these ruins, the visitor, and he l>c fortunate enough to have a calm day, will obtain grand vie* • onemfl Immediately opposite Ballynakfll rbour is th< Large island oflniah- Lningj riderable popu- • d in fishing, and probably in a little potheen-distilli] On rock- . ;. . S< ted from it by the I; >iin La ti:«- smaller island -hark. At tin- end of Ballyna- kill bay are .a pn tty ch. and lod raham, Esq. :. /. nt, well- to-do little colony, established soi _o by a Mr. Ellis, a < v >u.d. who built .t vill nth all police-bar- or tic draini od plantit Of D Behind the village the beautiful mountain called Diamond Hill rig abruptly to the heighl of I 160 ft., forming one of the western groups v[' the Twelve Pins. The road soon enters the Lovely gl( n of Kyh mon . one of the gems of I tnnemara, though possessing a some- what melancholy character. On the \. the glen is bounded by Doaghrue (1717 ft.\ the rocky shoulders of which are covered with green rubs and underwood, giving it an I English character not often to he found in Iris a aery. On the S. are the Twelve Pins — Adergoole 1577 it. , Bj nbrack (1922 . Muchanaght 2155 . and Benbarron (2395 , rising one over the other in grand groups. Indeed, from no place can the Bun- uabeola chain b - en to greater advantage than from Kylemore, as in all the southern view- >m-\i a vast amount of bog and flat coast intervenes that their noble height is 3t, while here they gain from com- parison with other mountains. Before arriving at the Lough, which reposes placidly at the foot of the hills, we pass Adragoole, a well-planted settlement reclaimed from the barren wild by T. East- wood, Esq. The drive to the Hotel, which is tic- X. bank, La exquisite, the road being carried under huge mass* of rock, glittering in the sunlighl with I- - of d aid ft stooned with <•]•«■- pera and \\\) Hi re is a comfortable inn, until lately kept bv clergyman of the name of I >uncan — capita] quarters tor fishermen and mountain-climbei /.'. i i r tons. — 1 . Leenam . '1. Lough Inairh. 8 dro.de and [*mgh I I' >m h< road on rt of th mpleted in tic- fami' r by the I'- »ai 1 of Works ru to I - E. t.. 1 l gh. L5 m _ the little ' >w< oduff • r, ^. limpse to the 1. 190 Route 22. — CI if den to Sligo. Ireland. of Lough Fee, a long sheet of water encircled on every side by lofty hills (on the S. 197o ft.), save where the stream emerges into the sea near the entrance to the Killary. A road runs oft* to its N. bank, iding to the very pretty residence of Sir W. R. Wilde, who lias pitched his solitary tent in one of the finest of Connemara glens ; and from thence to Salrock, which the tourist had better visit from Leenane. Passing over a dreary extent of moor, the next rise of the hill brings us directly in front of the Killary (anc. Caolshaile-luadh) — that wonderful fiord, which has scarce any parallel in the British Isles, and more resembles the coast scenery in Norway. It is an arm of the Atlantic, running inland to the very heart of the moun- tains for a distance of some 9 m. On each side steep and pre- cipitous mountains descend to the water's edge, on the S. leaving barely room for the road. The mountain- scenery on the N. of the fiord is incomparably the finest, the enor- mous walls of Muilrea, the Giant of the West, and Bengorm, rising abruptly to the heights of 2688 and 2303 ft., while the excessive still- ness of the land-locked water, in which the shadows of the hills are clearly reflected, make it difficult for the tourist to believe that it is the actual ocean which he beholds. " A haven, beneath whose translucent floor The tremulous stars sparkled unfathom- ably, And around which the solid vapours hoar, Based on the level waters, to the sky Lifted their dreadful crags." Shelley. A short drive along the S. bank brings him to 21 m. Leenane, a soli- tary and welcome little hotel at the very edge of the water, not far from the head of the fiord, with lofty hills springing directly from the rear of the house, and a noble expanse of water in front. Many beautiful excursions can be made from hence : — 1. To Lough Fee, and thence to Salrock, 8 m. The best way is to take a boat from Leenane, and row the whole length of the Killary, turn- ing abruptly round at the entrance, and then going up the Little Kil- lary, at the head of which is Sal- rock, the exquisitely situated resi- dence of the late Gen. Thompson. A more fairy-like picture can scarcely be conceived than is presented from the Pass of Salrock, looking over the Killary and the broad expanse of the Atlantic, dotted with occasional islands— the largest of which, Inish- turk, lies some 11 m. out. The Pass of Salrock is said to have been formed by the struggles of St. Koc, who, having been chained by the Devil when he was asleep, made his way with an immense deal of fric- tion through the mountain. From Salrock the visitor— having feasted his eyes with the beauties around — should return by a car sent by ap- pointment from Leenane through the wild glen of Lough Fee. The whole of the mountains abound in rare and beautiful ferns and heaths, amongst which the white heath and Menzesia polyfolia are conspicuous. 8 m. beyond Salrock is Rinvyle House, the seat of the Blake family, finely placed on the edge of a lofty series of cliff- rocks. The ancient castle of the Brakes — a weather- beaten, massive tower — is about 1J m. further on. The best way of visiting Rinvyle will be by "water. 2. ToMaume, 9 m. This is essen- tially a mountain-road, following the course of the glens that inter- vene between the Mamturk and Lugnabricka Mountains. Midway the tourist passes a very pretty water- fall, and the solitary graveyard of the Joyce sept — fit burial-place for a race of hill-giants. Thence we attain the watershed and descend the vol- ley of the Bealnabrack river to Maume (Rte. 21 . LND. Route 22. — Delphi — Westiport. 191 Id addition to th< rursions, the angler will find pit nty of sport in the ■ f the Errive and in Lough . which lies in the moun- en I a enane and Lough The geologist will find work gh in thi stant variety of hills, which contain many minerals. ■ at the back of the hotel, icli i> n< arly 1800 ft., contains * \- Henl sp< cim c and mica. [ , ',////. a boal must be to the Little harbour of Bundor- are a small pier and a few i From thence tin- course of a mountain-stream is I up a narrow s _ . bound< d on eith r Bide by Muilrea 26S8 ft. ; Bei gorm 2303 two of the 3 in the whole land. U m., at the op] the littl- Fin Lough, arc the woods and house of Del- phi, fora* riy belonging i<> the Mar- qi; . and UOW to the lion. ]). Plunket It may he safely said mnemara contained no other b( . Delphi alone would journey from Lon- >f the mountain- 1 m. higher up i> tiough I I ; of w.o r, from the ks the hills tw 2 ' and 3000 ft. \\ the 8. end is pt. II ,, who i.^ the owner of an in proper -Hesse- nd ie innumeral From hence I id turns I i rt up the nummei tdilal. ny in; and most un- itain-slo] 'he into Gl( - la A little furl 1 ."» : . i . I 'id 1 by all which is very much finer than tin' usual one, though it must beconfi sse I that the holes in the road require all the driver's attention and care.] From Leenane the road winds round tin- head of the Hillary, at the base of a lofty hill which rejoices in the name of the Devil's Mother. At Ashlee are the residence of the Bon. 1>. Plunket, and a pretty Protestant ch. The Errive, whi stream we are now following, ifl an impetuous salmon-river, rising, under the name of the Owenmo Big river , in the chain of hills in- tervening betweea Lough Doo and W» stport, where it is < I by the road just menrione 1. 28J muErrive Bridge, was the scene of a melancholy accident in 1860, when, the bridge having been carried away in a flood, an unfortunate hi was drowned in attempting to ford the stream in her car. As the road ascends the valley the vegetation 1 conies more scanty and the moorland more extensive. Crossing the water- shed, we descend the valley of the Owen-wee, and gain glorious views of the magical Clew Hay, which, if a en at suna t, forms, with its hundred islands, one of the most exquisite landscap sible. 41 m. Westpori (Rte.21 [Hotel: Imperial is f the very pretti* . Qg tn :i it is possible -it in -,\ long summer's day, beauty [g en] I being approach) for » \. ral miles each way through a high and rather bleak country. It [a situated in ;> hollow, embosomed on every side in gi ind woods, and watered by a small stream, which, after | through th tre of tin- town as both n~« ful and ornamental, in Lord Sligo's Park, finds its level in ( H< Bay, which, with all i a iihin b mile of the pL ^Y main ;. with the stream in tic middle, side, lime- 192 Route 22. — Clifden to Sligo. Ireland. trees, which give it somewhat the ] appearance of a Spanish Alameda. The foreign aspect is still further increased by the numbers of the Irish lasses, who, with petticoats tucked up, and bare legs, are con- stantly washing, wringing and beat- ing the clothes at the water-side, to an ad libitum accompaniment of jokes and el latter. The town itself presents no object of interest save a statue to George Glendenning, a banker of Westport who managed to enrich himself and his native town, out of which he had never put foot during his long life. " ' He was a rich marn of this place,' replied the lad, ' and so they made hum a startu.' "—Sir F. Head. The great charm of Westport is the park of the Marquis of Sligo, the gates of which are at the end of the street, and are ever open to all classes to wander about at their will and pleasure. In the centre of the park is the mansion, a handsome square building on a balustrated terrace, from the W. side of which is a delicious view of Clew Bay. A very pretty Protestant ch., used by the Westport inhabitants, stands embowered amongst the woods. Passing through the park we arrive at the port, which is per- fect in all the arrangements, save, alas ! the requisite of commerce. " There was a long, handsome pier (which no doubt remains at this present minute), and one solitary cutter alongside of it, which may or may not be there now. As for the warehouses, they are enormous, and might accommodate, I should think, not only the trade of Westport, but of Manchester too. There are huge streets of these houses, 10 stories high, with cranes, owners' houses, &c, marked Wine Stores, Flour Stores, Ponded Tobacco Warehouses, and so forth; dismal mausoleums as vast as pyramids— places where the dead trade of Westport lies buried." — - Thackeray. It is to be hoped, how- er, that the extension of the rly. from Athlone will be the signal for a renewal of bustle and trade, as Westport undoubtedly possesses many natural advantages over other ports. (Pop. 3819.) Conveyances, — Rail to Castlebar, Athlone, and Dublin ; car to Sligo daily, to Gal way daily through Bat Unrobe, to Athenry, to Newport, to Tuam. Distances. — Newport, 8 m. ; Achill Sound, 27; Murrisk, 6 ; Croagh Patrick, 8 ; Louisburgh, 12J; Glare Island,16; Clifden, 41 ; Leenane, 20 ; Castlebar, 11 ; Pontoon Bridge, 22 ; Ballina, 33 ; Partry, 12 ; Ballintober, 10 ; Augha- gower, 4 ; Ayle, 5 ; Ballinrobe, 19. Westport is a central point for many excursions — 1. To Leenane, Lough Doo, and Delphi. 2. To Aughagower Round Tower, and Ballintobber Abbey (Rte. 21). 3. To Croagh Patrick and Murrisk Abbey. ['The road runs through the park and the port, emerging close on the S. side of Clew Bay, one of the most extraordinary and lovely of Irish islets. " The conical moun- tain on the 1. is Croagh Patrick, or the Reek ; it is clothed in the most magnificent violet colour, and a couple of round clouds were ex- ploding as it were from the summit, that part of them towards the sea lighted up with the most delicate gold and rose colour. In the centre is the Clare Island, of which the edges, were bright cobalt, while the middle was lighted up with a brilliant scarlet tinge. The islands in the bay looked like so many dolphins basking there." — Thackeray. The bay forms a noble expanse of shel- tered water about 15 m. in length ; the entrance being partially protected by the lofty cliffs of Clare Island, while the eastern extremity is studded with immense numbers of islands which, while they add to the picturesque beauty of the scene, add also to the difficulty of approach to the harbour. ] 1LANP. B wU 22.— Murrisk— The Reek, iese islands and channels are de- cided by a singular natural break- water extending from Westport to the shore under the Reek. "This bar is a breakwater \\ m. Long, i which are situated the islands of Doreinch 31<»re and Doreinch Beg. [1 dopes Beaward, in some plac< -. l in 30, and i^ formed of boulders. Though natural, it i> pev- haps one of the most remarkable hydraulic works that exisi in Europe; its mass b< ; gn ater than thai of the eakwater at Plymouth or thai of Lerboure:." — Bald, There arc 6 na- vigable openings, the principal of which is marked by a lighthou ed by the Marquis <»t' Sligo. ibly do hay in tin- kingdom is surrounded by such magnifi- nt rane - of mountains. On the 9 the rugged declivities of the Keck run down almost t<» the water's while further seaward the ist i- overhung, though ;it a greater distance, by Muilrea, Benbury, and • mountains of the Murrisk dis- trict On the N. are the wild and ;v ranges of the Nephin 1>< Qng in the precipii - >f Slieve M i >ghan in Achill Island. The precipitous cliffc of Clare Island form a fittii _ » award termina- tion t<> the beauties >>\ this won- rful bay. The road passes 1 ral i' ts to *"> in. Murrisk, an anci< d1 abbey ;it Hie foot of Croagh Patrick, founded by the i > Mall. ; - r Augustinian friars, is of i it extent, being single- Bled, bul - a beautiful Dec, ES. window <»t'o h'_ ts, On the N". ofl 1 is .i vaulted room, entered tin pointed doorway. The j ice, partially blocked up, is pointed ray. In the ior of the eh. is the tomb of the « » M "• s, pari i toss the Crucifixion, and ollectioD «»t" the bigg* s1 thigh- tes thai it i- po»ilili- to con- I -in this }'<»int thi nt I; i [i always commenced. This extraordi- nary mountain rises with great abrupt- ness for a height of 2510 ft., termi- nating in what is apparently a point, though there is really a small platform of about i an acre on the summit. On the s. side is a very steep pre- cipice, knew ii as Lug na Narrib, on the edge of which " St Patrick stood bell in hand, and every time he ran-- ii he flung it away from him. and it. instead of plunging down the Lug, was brought luck to his hand by ministering spirits; and every time it thus hastily was rung, thou- sands of toads, adders, and noisome things, wenl down, tumbling neck and heels one alter the oilier." — Otway. As may be imagined from its height and it> isolation, the Reek affords most splendid panoramas of the W. of Ireland, extending north- wards over Murrisk, Bally croy, Achill, Erris, even to Slieve League on the coast of Donegal, and southward to the Leenane district and the VI Pins; but to Irish minds, the moun- tain has a tar higher interest, it being a sacred hill, devoted to pat- terns, on which occasion- the numbers of "voteens"' or pilgrims would he incredible to a stranger. Many hun- dreds may on these occasions be n ascending the hill, stopping at the different stations to say their paters, and in some places to go round on their knees. This pari of the performance is generally reserved for the Bummit of the mount. .in. the Long station being 400 yards in cir- cumference, and around this the de- votees have tO gO 15 lilnes, ftlsO on tlnir knees, which before the termi- nation are in a Btate of laceration. A very Important adjunct to the whole affair is the whisky tent, a melancholy and suggestive feature of the occasion which requires such an citemenl Extraordina] >re the scenes of fri>h Life and characfc i to he witm — . d sit the>e patterns, the tourist will probably enjoy his visit to Croagh Patrick Ear better in soli- 104 Haute 22. — CUfden to Sligo. Ireland. tude and apart from these religious saturnalia. The botanist will find growing on this mountain Poa al- pina, Melampyrum pratense, Pin- guieula lusitanica, Saxifraga serra- tifolia. At the foot of the westerly ex- tension of hill, of which the Reek is the central cone, is Louisburgh, a large village with a fine view over Clare Island.] 4. To Newport and Achill. The road to Newport runs for the greater part of the distance within view of the Clew Bay, so as effectually to prevent any monotony. On the way the little river Rossow is crossed by a bridge of 2 arches, beneath one of which a whole family long kept house and home. 8 m. Newport {Hotel: Carr's), a small seaport at the mouth of the Newport river, looking better at a distance than is warranted by a nearer inspection. The N. bank of the river is embellished by the re- sidence of Sir Richard O'Donnell, adding considerably to the beauty of the town. There is a good pier, where vessels of 200 tons can un- load, but the trade of the port is very small. Distances. — Castlebar, 11 J m. ; Burrishoole, 2. The road from Newport to Mol- renny is nearly a straight line for about 10 m., and depends for its attractions very much on the wea- ther that accompanies the tourist. If it be clear, there is a magnificent view seawards over the bay and the opposite mountains of Murrisk, while on the rt. inland is the equally fine range of the Nephin Beg hills, which run in a curving direction from N.E. to W. with remarkably bold outlines. The principal heights that are seen between Newport and the Sound are Buckoogh 1922 ft., Slieve Turk 1322, Nepliiu Beg 2012, Cush- camcurragh 2202, Knocknatintree 1 r,4G f and Knock lettaragh 1509. The streams issuing from these hills, and running into Clew Bay, are of no great importance, as the ascent is so immediate, but on the N. and W. slopes they have a longer course to Blacksod Bay, and are of considerably larger volume. 10 m. Burrishoole, at the entry of the Burrishoole river, gives its name to the whole district from Newport to Achill. Here are remains of a large monastery and eh. founded for Dominicans by Richard Bonrke, Lord Mac William Oughter. It was a cruciform building, with a central slender tower, and has some good pointed arches, the whole building being of the 15th cent. Overlook- ing an arm of the sea is Carrig- hooley Castle, a square plain tower, formerly one of the fortresses of Grace O'Mealey, or Grana Uaile, the mountain Queen of the West, who lorded it over Mayo and the islands with a prompt fierce sway, that even in those days of lawlessness and rude- ness commanded universal fear and respect. On the coast there are some singular caverns, believed to have been druidical chambers. To the rt. of the road, running up into the heart of the hills, is Lough Fe- oogh, the head of which lies between Buckoogh and Slieve Turk; and on its bank is the ruin of an iron-smelting furnace. At 18 m. Molrenny, a small " public " on the roadside overlooks a marvellously beautiful landscape. Very soon the road divides [on the rt. winding round the base of Knocknatintree and opening out on a landlocked inlet from Blacksod Bay. At the mouth of the Owenavrea river there is a 2nd division, the one on the 1. taking a course near Armagh Sound and Tullaghan Bay to Cregganroe and Croy Lodge, both cultivated oases in this desert of the far West, which for untamed wildness sur- passes anything in the kingdom, but is an Utopia for sportsmen ac- cording to the author of ' Wild Sports of the West.' The district of Ballycroy embraces all the Ne- Ireland. Boute 22.— Achill 195 pliin r>. g range from Burrishoole to ris, and contains in this enormous an nvc halt* a dozen inhabited houses, "Along the seashore there ae cultivation; bul inland. town- lees, roadless, treeless, one wide waste of bog covers all. But it is not to be supposed this is like the greal Hat flow bogs in the centre of the island, the Bog of Allen. No; the Erris, as well as those of Connemara, covers mountains, bills, champaigns, and vales : nature's universal brown vesture, it fits all; and that is what makes the recla- mation of these wastes hopeful"— ,. < >n the Beashore below ^anroe is Duna Castle, an ancient stronghold of Gi O'M le\ a ma Uaile . It is a mas- sif i tare tower, with wonderfully oasonry, though it could not wil d the 1. :' a large fire which had been accidentally kindled, using the ruin to become ten - more a ruin. The main road, that parted company at the Owen- . runs more inland through a monotonous district to Derrycorrib, where it joins the route to Belmullet Bte. L9)J The route to Achill now enters peninsula of Curraun, which, by the Little inlel from Blacksod Bay just mentioned, is very marly made an island The whole of it is cupied by the mountain of Knock- igh 1509 ft., and the road winds uid the northern side to Achill L a narrow .-trait of about \ m.. w] unmu - between Clew and Blacl . affording a mosl valuable cut for \. —I- c astu g ap down, thai would otherwise have md the dang< rous cliffs of ( Iro- and 81i< v< more in Achill On tblishment for fish and provisions, and on ti. I iiill .- ,v- nient little md inn, where the \ small rry. The ler m )i>\ that in all probability the inn at the Sound will he the only place where he can procure a conveyance, and the only place but one where he can put up: this other being at the Settle- ment at Doogurth; so that he must make his arrangements accordingly, It* he makes a hasty run over the island, he had better keep the car at the Saltpans to take him back t«> Westport; or he may possibly catch one of the coasting hook - running down the Sound from Bel- mullet, which, if the wind he (air, will land him at Westport in the course of :: or 4 hours, "The Island of Achill (Pop. 577'i , the largest oft' tne Irish coast, is In* m. in Length and 7 in breadth, forming a Bhore-line about 80 m. in circumference, and com- prising 46,000 acres. The western side is mostly a precipitous range of cliffs, but the eastern is in every part well sheltered. Achill Head, a hold promontory, is situated on the SAY. extremity of the island, and at the X. end is Saddle Head, at the entrance of Blacksod Bay. Between this and the smaller island of Achill Beg is a channel called Achill Sole, where vessels drawing 10 or 12 ft. of water may rest in safety in all weathers. A very powerful tide runs in the Sound at the northern entrance called the Ball's Month.'* — LeWtS. The general aspect of the island i- one unvaried mass of dark hea- ther, covering the broad undulating moors that stretch from the high ranges at the W. end of the district A main road traverses the island, pass- ing 1. the residence of W. Pike, Esq., wh ardens, reclaimed from the bare mountain, are worth a visit. A little further on i- Bunahun the residence of the Eft v •'. Hem the Roman ( i<- pri< st, occupyii ;i position that commands the mosi magnificent coast and mountain vien - over B dlycroy, Blacksod Bay, I • V pihn me. !id the high grounds of Currauu The road a gains the bigh< -i h m 1. and t. K 2 196 I? mte 22. — CJifden to Sligo* Ireland. tourist is charmed with an equally fine view westward of the mighty mass of Slievemore, the cloud-capped summit of Croghan, and to the S. the precipitous ridges of Minnaun. On rt. a road runs for about 3 m. to the N. coast, where, sheltered under the steep rocks of Slievemore, is the Protestant colony of Dooinirth, com- monlv known as the Settlement, 10 m. from the sound. It is a cheerful- looking square of plain white houses, in the centre of which stand the eh. and the clergyman's residence. In the square are an inn ( not of the best), residences for the various officials, a printing establishment, 3 schools, an orphan home, and dispensary. This missionary establishment was set on foot by the Rev. E. Nangle, to whose self-denial and labours many have borne testimony, as also to his uncompromising battles with the Roman Catholics ; as carried on in the 'Achill Herald,' some may think a little too warmly. It is not the province of a Handbook to enter into religious discussions, but it may not be out of place to warn every tourist in the west of Ireland that he must be prepared for ex- treme statements, whether from Pro- testants or Roman Catholics, and for a lack of religious charity which each party would do well to discard. The ascent of Slievemore which overhangs the colony at a height of 2217 ft., may be undertaken here, but if the tourist wishes to see Croghan, he had better reserve himself. Slievemore is an ex- traordinary cone of quartzose rocks rising abruptly from the sea, and, with its dark rifted sides occasionally re- lieved by shining masses of mica, presents a study for the painter at once grand and remarkable, espe- cially at sunset, when its apex is often encircled by rose-coloured clouds. Proceeding onwards, we come to the village of Keel, a singular col- lection of wigwams peculiar to Achill. There is a beautiful strand here, bounded on the E. by the cliffs of Minnaun 1530 ft. ; a path runs along the cliffs to Dooega, another Achill village, at an altitude and of a cha- racter sufficient to try the nervous climber. The little heaps of yellow- red earth all around are coloured with ochre, which is dug out with the bog iron ore in considerable quantities in this neighbourhood. We next come to Dooega, and further on to Keem, 14 m. from the Sound, both miserable hamlets of round houses built without gable- ends. It would seem that the abori- gines of the island still hold their court here. Towering above Keem is the stupendous mass of Slieve Croghan, which, together with the cliffs of Mohir in Co. Clare and Slieve League in Donegal, is con- sidered the finest cliff scenery in Great Britain. The Croghan, 2222 ft. in height, is a long range of mountain run- ning along the N.W. coast of Achill, and cutting off the promon- tory of Saddle Head, which is to a certain extent an offshoot from it. But its grand and peculiar feature is that at the very highest point it would seem as if the rest of the mountain had been suddenly cut I away, leaving a vast and tremendous j precipice descending down to the water for nearly 1950 ft. " Here we came upon a precipice nearly 2000 ft. high that went down almost plumb ; and then there was an inclined plane covered with the debris of the upper stratifications ; and then again, 200 yards further on rt., there were cliffs about 300 ft. high, against which the waves washed. Here we sat, the cloud just festooning, as it were, a raised-up curtain over our heads, and all below was serene ; and from the lowest edges of the precipice at this point there extended a pretty little vale in winch was a tarn, so clear that it might have been taken for a mermaid's looking-glass." — C. O. The view seawards is of course boundless, the nearest land being Ireland. Buutr 1-2.— Clan- Island. 197 America, unless we believe in the enchanted land of 1 1 y Brisail p. 170 , in which the dwellers on the W. - have such a belief Looking small isolated rock i)\' the Billii -.and northwards towards Mul- let arc numerous islands, of which ■ principal arc Inishkeen&nd Inish- re, according to - >me, the adare subi< cl tosuch extraordinary i ing influences, thai their and their I row as in Life, •■ - i that their i idants to the u ration can come, and with re pare the one and clip the • :"— ' qaod i i ■ minum nulla Win. O'KtUy. V - oul are the Black Bocks, which i- a lighthoui [( Mi the return, before r ring Hi . the traveller may div< i S " the island, where at Kil- e wat' r's edge, is re tower, formerly one i - j. From \Mt may be paid to the I Mm- ga, lyi Minnaun ; or ■ A ill ble Within ' ble in , ' 'in le suppli i;i..t' rial in the I Dhu ] i l I i by the br at \ in. in v abbey founded for Carmelite tVir in 1224. It lias a rather singular window of '2 Lights, trefoil-headed, with sculptured spandrils. For man) years the .skull of ( trace ( >'Mall< \ was shown here, decorated with rib- bons. The castle of this Queen of the [sles is a square massive tow< r similar to thai at Duna. Clare I>lan her Majesty, who offered t" make her visitor a count a — an honour declined by Grana (Jail< who in formed the queen thai -he con- sidered herself equal to h r M y in every resp ct. 1 1< r first husband was ( > Flaherty, Prince of Conne- mara, and the owner of the castle in Lough Corrib, which, being nearly losl to the Joyce- through him, wi ed by Grana's intrepidity, and - i quired the name of the Hei < stle p. 184). Her second husband was William Bourke McWilliam ( )ught< r. " The marriage was to br one year, and if at the end of that period either said to the other • I dismiss you,' the union was dis- solved It id that during that y. ;.r ( Irana took care to pu1 her <'\\ n - into garrison in all McWilliam tward castles I were v iluable t'» her. and then one fine day, as the Lord of Mayo v\ coming up to tl.< le of I ■'• spied him, and ei i, .1 I the dissoh in rds, • I di a - in- l. ives W< stporl i ing for Sligo, though the I by ra With tic of distant N phin the uiiint- ihill S j . Pari .1. I it J 93 Route 22. — Clifden to Sligo. Ireland. 52 in. Casttebar (Hotels: Daly's; Armstrong's), principally celebrated for its capture in 179S by the French, who had landed at Killala Bay (Ete. 19) under Gen. Humbert, and made themselves masters of the town, which they evacuated on the ap- proach of the Marquis of Cornwallis. This little episode was known by the name of the Castlebar Races. It is a good-looking place, with all the buildings necessary to a small coun- try town, viz. gaol, court-house, and barracks, in addition to a shady and well-timbered mall, which is certainly a very pleasant adjunct. The Lawn is the residence of the Earl of Lucan, who has done more than any land- lord in the country to improve the agriculture of this district, of which he owns about 30,000 acres. The country around Castlebar is not inviting, although the mountains, some 5 m. to the N., rise to a con- siderable height, Knockmore to 1259 ft., and Spinkanilen 1290 ft., being the only barriers that separate Castle- bar from the conical mass of Nephin 2646 ft,, one of the most lofty and conspicuous hills in the W., which give such characteristic features to the scenery of Lough Conn. Conveyances. — To Athenry daily; to Westport ; to Ballina and Sligo ; by rail to Castlereagh and Athlone. Distances.— Pontoon Bridge, 11 m.; Newport, 11 J; Westport, 11 ; Bal- lina, 22 ; Crossmolina, 19; Balla, 8; Castlereagh, 37. [The antiquarian may pay a visit from Castlebar to Balla, a village about 8 m. to the S.E. on the road to Hollymount. Here is a round tower about 50 ft. in height, and the remains of a ch. built by St. Mochun in the 7th cent. He also caused 2 wells to be formed, which he enclosed with walls, from whence the town took its name : " Unde oppidum no- vum nomen Balla et etiam Mochun cognomen Ballensis accepit." In the neighbourhood of Balla are Attavalley (Sir R. Blosse, Bt.), and Broomhill. A little to the S. is the district known as the Plains of Mayo, and in the village of the same name are slight ruins of an abbe3 r , which was the locale of an uni- versity very celebrated in the 7th cent., and founded by St. Colman, who for that purpose resigned his cell of Lindisfarne in Northumberland. There are one or two ancient fortified mansions in the neighbourhood.] Following up the Castlebar river, is 56 m. Turlough, in which parish is another round tower. The bleak and boggy scenery begins to improve, especially as we near the long ranges of the Croaghmoyle Hills and the Loughs Conn and Cullen at Pontoon Bridge. The former is a very fine sheet of water 15 m. long, inter- spersed with beautiful islands, and overhung by mountains, especially on the W. bank, which is almost entirely occupied by the mighty mass of Ne- phin. Lough Cullen is sometimes called Lower Lough Conn, and is connected by a short stream, across which the road is carried by a bold single-arched bridge known as the Pontoon. The view looking up and down from this bridge is of a very remarkable and beautiful cha- racter. " An extraordinary phe- nomenon is visible here in the alter- nate ebbing and flowing of these lakes ; the water is sometimes seen rushing with great force through the channel into Lough Cullen, while at others it runs with equal force into Lough Conn. The shores of both lakes being composed in many places of a fine red sand, the line of high water mark can be distinctly traced several miles above the water, and then in the space of an hour it rises to the higher level in one lake, while it is low in the other." — Lewis. An hotel was built on the Castlebar side of the Pontoon by Lord Bing- ham, but it is now shut up. Near the bridge is a singular rocking- stone close to the lake. [A road branches off along the Irelas , Route 23.— Dublin to Wexford. W. ride of the lough under Nephin fche little town of ( a nolina, situated on the line of road between Ballina and Ends. Previous to reaching it. we pass on rt. the peninsula of Errew,on which, overlooking the wain-, are remains of an abbey with a good E. window. The Pool runs through Orossmolina, and on it> banks is the modernised mansion of Dee] Castle, occupying the edl I an ancient fortress. & -To Ballina : to Ban- r and Belmullet; the road to the latt. r places being carried over one of the wildest hill commons that even the dreary barony of Tyrawley can show.] I ssing the Pontoon Bridge rt. ft road to Foxford Rte. 19). From hence we skirt the S.E. corner of the lake, obtaining magnificent mountain views of X' phin, on which, by the way. the botanist will find Pinguicnla lusitanica. Boon approaching the valley of tin- Moy, we arrive at 74 m. Ballina H<>tf which is strewn with anite boulders, t" 89 m. Dromore, a very pretty village <>n the wooded I a rushing im that i Slieve ( Jamph Moun- 1 ' B, at the foot of which the r« >ad rm irly the whole way to Rally- dare. They are of picturesque outline and dderable height, 1 600 ft. Woodhill is the : I. .1 >n< s, Esq. ; and > w of — .' , Esq. ddenly I t bursts upon the and, with i ionaJ inter- rupt' • ure in land- all tin- w Sligo. I ■ ■ a the L.ifl Aug IT ind tli»- ruins of th<- old castle Ardnaglasc 1 of the Bf'Swynea This parish of >'/.■/' i the ch. of which stands prettily amongst the trees, is said to have been at one time so important ftS to have contained 7 churches. The beautiful woods of Tanrego W. Knox. Esq,), and Dromore Oh., occupy the banks of Ballysadare Bay. which here forms a very charm- ing inlet, hounded on the WE. by the truncated cone of Knocknarea. 106 m. Ballysadare [Rte. 18). 110 m. Sligo Hotels: Imperial: Victoria; ;Btes. 8-18). ROUTE 23. FROM DUBLIN TO WEXFORD, TITnorGK WICKLOW, ARKLOW, AND ENNIS CORTHY. This route is performed by rail to Enniscorthy, and thence by coach. The Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford line Was in 1856 united to that <>r the Dublin and Kingstown C >.. and although at present only extend- ing to Enniscorthy, a distance ol is intended to he carried on to Wexford. The tourist may take his chop eding by 2 rl ! The K wn and Bray lin< in I' 24. 200 Route 23. — Dublin to Wexford. Ireland. Quitting- the Harcourt-str. Stat., a plain, massive, Doric building, ap- proached by a flight of stops anh summits and peaks — the Two Rock Moun- tain, 1699 ft., on the W., and the Sugarloaf, 1659 ft., just appearing i the 8, Immediately to the rt. of the rly. is a rather low hill surmounted by a tower, serving both as a Bhot-tower and an outlet Bmoke ^l the lead-mines of Ballycorus. Behind this ridge is the Scalp, leading from Enniskerry Dublin, described in Rte, 24. The parish of Rathmichael, in which shankhill is situated, was once of considerable importance, and was claimed by the Vicars Choral of the thedral of Dunlin as their per- 4'; There are Blight ruins of h. Ah 'in .1 m. "ii rt. of stat. is another cromlech in good preservation, to- 2 ther with a few remains of Pucks ad a round tower, though of this Last only about '2 ft. exist. 1 junction are Shan- _ oah Gastle Capt. Hayman), and of Kilturk ch. The line now runs along the coast 12 m. Bray, described in Rte. 24. Hotels: Bi slin's, International, both first rat- : Quin's, good.) I ' r the remainder of the distance the rly. closely hugs the ly thai in many placi a it tunnels through projecting head- la] rri( d at gr< at heights 3, and ravini 8, at the a of which the wav< s may be up with terrible fury. I 1 it is difficult to find any- wh< iv more rom ally placed or ( rliding out . ;it Bray, we round Bi He* i by a suc< i of shoii tunnels, _■■ on the other side on rt. the I tittle . with the charmiu of Kilruddery Marl I I of the latt< r. ,24. A little b hring at Greystones, IT m., we pass on tile rt. the ruins of the eh. and Castle of Etathdown. Greystones is a pleasant little bathing-place, aboul 1 J m. from Delgany, which, with the' Glen of the Downs, I. ad hotter he visited by road from I hay. Near Kilccole stat., '20 m.. are Ballygannon and the village of Kil- ccole 1 m. to rt., ami Woodstock House (Col. Tottenham . 22 m.. at Newcastle, the hills recede, and Leave a considerable tract of Level allu- via 1 ground. 25 j m. Killoughter stat. is :; m. from Ashford and the neighbourhood of the Devil's Glen. From tin's point it is q< arly :; m. to Wicklow (anc. Cill-mantain) Hotels: Railway; Fitzwilliam), which, with the quaint-looking town Btretching in a semicircle round the hay. tile tower of Black Castle, and the distanl pro- montories of Wicklow Mead, makes up a very charming Landscape. It is said to have derived its name from its position at the outlet of a long narrow creek, called the Murragh, that runs N. nearly as far as Kil- loughter, and receives the waters of the Vartry; also to have been called Wigginge Lough, " The Lake of Ships," from its being one <»f the earliest maritime stations of the Dam A castle was l» gun by Maurice Fitx- rald in the L2th, and finished l»y Fitzwilliam in the 1 1th cent. Por- tions <«f the towei* still remain on a promontory at the end of the town. The Hi. pose a copp r cupola and I Norm, doorway, that has been transplanted from an older building. The town itself is qoI particularly clean or inviting, bui there are some tine walks in the neighbourhood along the clifls to Bride's and Wicklow I [( ad-, oil each of which is a fixi d Lighthous u — Rly. t«» Dublin and I aiscorthy : car to Shillelagh. Dista I Niblin, 28 m. ; Rath- drum, v : Ashford, 1 '. . I I n y, 25 ; Ail . L5; Avoca, 1«> ; Bray, 16. B 3 202 Boute 23. — Dublin to Wexford. Ireland. Excursions. — 1. Bathdrum and Vale of Avoca. 2. Asbford and Devil's Glen. 3. Wicklow Head. The rly. now turns inland to the S.W., and ascends towards the moun- tains, passing the village of Glenealy, where the scenery is picturesque and varied with extensive woods. On rt. are Glencarrig (Eev. G. Drought), Ballyfree (Rev. H. Tombe), and Hollywood (G. Tombe, Esq.), situate at the wooded base of Car- rick Mountain, 1252 ft. ; and on 1. is a wooded defile known as the Deputy's Pass, from the fact of the army of Sir William Fitzwilliam, the Lord-Deputy, having marched through it in 1595. 36 in. Eathdrum (Rte. 24). [The road from Wicklow to Arklow is not remarkable in any way ; gene- rally speaking it is prettily diversified with hill and dale, keeping inland so as seldom to obtain views of the sea, though frequently of the mountains which keep company on the rt. At 32 m. is Ballymoney House ( — Revel, Esq. , and a little farther on, occupy- ing an elevated position, is Westaston, the seat of T. Acton, Esq. At the former spot the road divides ; the one keeping closer to the coast, and the other making a slight detour inland, and crossing at Kilboy Bridge the Potters' River, a small stream that runs down through the Deputy's Pass. On its bank, between the 2 roads, is the ruined keep of Danganstown Castle. The character of the coast will be seen to have changed a good deal, for, instead of ,the steep and rugged cliffs of Wicklow Head, we have now low sandy dimes, inter- rupted solely by the promontory of Mizen Head. The hills to the rt. and the distant woods to the W. of Arklow plainly show the course of the " sweet vale of Avoca," the mouth of which we cross by a long narrow bridge, and enter the little port of 43 in. Arklow (Rte. 24) {Inn : Kin- sela's), a busy fishing and shipping town, on the side of a hill overlooking the sea. Under the name of Arclogh it was included under those grants of territory for which Henry II. caused service to be done at Wexford, and possessed a castle and a monastery, which have both disappeared save a fragment of the tower of the former. This is the shipping port for the copper and lead-mines in the valley of the Avoca, the material being brought down by a tramroad. In consequence of this trade, Arklow is a rendezvous for a large number of coasters waiting to take the ore to Swansea. The beautiful scenery in the neighbourhood of Shelton and Wooden Bridge is described in the Wicklow tour (Rte. 24).] Distances. — Wicklow, 15 m. ; Go- rey, 10; Shelton, 2 \ ; Wooden Bridge, 4. Continuing by rail from Arklow, the traveller arrives at Gorey, a small town of one street | m. in length, associated with Ferns as the seat of a bishopric. A little to the N. of the town is Ramsfort, the residence of the family of Ram, which was burned down by the in- surgents in the troubles of 1798. 3 m. to the S.E.is Courtown House (Earl of Courtown), in the sheltered valley of the Owenavorragh at its en- trance into the sea. The evergreens in the park are especially worthy of notice. " Among them is one which has assumed more the habit of the bush than the tree. Its outline is domical ; the stem, at 3 ft. from the ground, is 16 ft. in circumference, but above this it divides into nume- rous ramifications ; the branches ex- tend over an area whose periphery is 210 itr—Fraser. To the S. of Courtown is the mount of Ardamine, a singular earthen spherical mound standing on an artificial platform. It was probably sepulchral, as the ch. and graveyard of Ardamine are adjoining. The geologist may examine the Lower Silurian rocks in this neigh- Ireland. Route '2o. — Ferns — Newtown Barry. 203 1. the equivalents of the Bala and Caradoc beds of Wales, Distance*.— From Wexford, 25m.; Ferns, LOJ ; Newtown Harry, 19; Enniscorthy, 18, [The direct coach-road to Wex- ford runs due B, over high ground, descending into the valley of the Owenavorragh river, and passing BeJlywalterHouse(J.Pounden,Esq.), m. the villages of Ballycanew, Killenagh, and Wells House, the prettily-wooded seat of R. Doyne, Esq. When the road again ascends the high ground, the traveller gains distant views on rt. of Vinegar Hill, near Enniscorthy, and the range of Mount Leinster in the far west. in. is the pretty village of stlehridge, with it> in at little ch. and il. | i r, refua d it. The ca- thedral is u modi rn I'« rp. building with a square embattled tow. r, built on the site of :m old ch. which v 1 to have been the original ch. - 1 .hiii. Th< insof I jtmiana found d in the 12th cent, by U rmod M'Murougfi, consisting of some E. Eng. windows and M a lower of '2 stages, of which the lower is quadrangular and the upper polygonal, and covered with moss and ivy, which give it a circular form ; within is a geometrical stair- case leading to the top of the square tower." The castle was a quadrangular fortress overlooking the town. One of the round towers that flanked the corners is still in good preservation, and contains a chapel with a groined roof. The Episcopal Palace dates from the last cent., and is the centre of a pleasant demesne adjoining the cathedral. It was built by Thomas Ram in 1630, "who, being of very advanced age, placed this inscription above the porch — 1 This house Ram built for his succeeding brothers : Thus sheep bear wool, not for themselves, but others.' " [An extremely pretty excursion can be made to the valley of the Slaney and the town of Newtown Barry, 9 m. From the high ground between Ferns and the Slaney the tourist ^ains splendid views of Mount Leinster, 2610 ft, Black Stairs, 2409, ainl White Mountain, I '259 — a noble ;nnl romantic; range that intervenes iron i \. to S. between the valleys of the Slaney and the Barrow (Ete. 'IS). in. the Enniscorthy road is joined on the 1. or B. bank of the Slaney, jusi between ClobemoD Hall M. De !;. li/v. Km[. and JJallyrankin (Rev. J. 1 kverenx . A little higher up is the village of Clobemon, with it s mill and cottOD factory. Here the river is crossed, and the toad continues on the \Y. bunk' to ( .» m. Newtown Barry I Intel: (;illb nd well-built town, in :i very fine position ov< rlooking the Slaney, and a1 the r« . | of ( rreen< and Black Rock Mountains, both BhoukL ra of Mount Leinsfc r. 1 201 Route 23. — Dublin to Wexford. Trelaxd. Slancy is crossed by a bridge of 7 arches, as is also the Clody, a small stream that here divides Carlow from Wexford. Newtown Barry has a very good agricultural trade, and possesses several flour-mills. The ch. -spire rises prettily from a wooded grove, and the whole town is surrounded by ornamental resi- dences : Woodfield (R. Hall Dare, Esq.), the grounds of which are beau- tifully laid out, and extend for some distance on each bank of the Slaney ; Rainsford Lodge (S. Ram, Esq.) ; and Ravenswood. Newtown Barry is a convenient point from whence to ascend Mount Leinster, as the road to Borris passes through the defile of Corrabut Gap between it and Kilbrammish. Take the road to the S. that turns off here, and follow it to a spot called Ninestones, from whence the ascent is steep, but direct. Ninestones is 7 J m. from the town , Distances. — Ferns, 9 m. ; Borris, 14; Clonegall, 5; Enniscorthy, 12. Excursion. — Mount Leinster.] The line now follows the valley of the Barrow, and strikes upon the Slaney near Scarawalsh Bridge, 67 m., a road from which is carried on both sides of the river. On the E. bank is Killabeg (S. Davis, Esq.\ Solsborough (Rev. S. Richards), and Greenmount (T. Waring, Esq.). 72 m. Enniscorthy {Hotel : Nu- zam's) is one of the prettiest little towns in the kingdom, the largest portion of it being on a steep hill on the rt. bank of the Slaney, which here becomes a deep and navigable stream, and is crossed by a bridge of 6 arches. From the stream above the bridge dividing its channel the prefix Ennis (Ynys island; was pro- bably obtained, and the latter half of the name is said to have been derived from " Corthoe, the capital of the Co- riondi." The things to be seen are a ch. in better taste than most in Ireland, a single tower of the old Franciscan monastery, and the pic- turesque ivy-covered square keep, flanked by drum towers, of the castle built ; by Raymond le Gros. It has, however, been modernized, and is in- habited by a caretaker. Overlook- ing the E. bank is Vinegar Hill, an eminence only 384 ft. in height, but worth ascending, partly for the very fine view over the valley of the Slaney, the Leinster range, and the district towards the coast, and partly from the association of the battle of Vinegar Hill, on the 29th May, 1798, when the insurgents, in number upwards of 10,000 men, were attacked by Gen. Lake and completely routed. The rebels had a few days previously succeeded in plundering and veiy nearly destroying Enniscorthy, many of the loyal inhabitants having been captured, led to the camp, and put to death. A great deal of trade is car- ried on here, coal being brought up the river from Wexford into the inte- rior, and corn and butter sent back. In the neighbourhood of the town, on the Borris road, are Verona (G. F. Newbery, Esq.), Daphney Castle (T. Davies, Esq.), Monart (Counsellor Cookman), and Kiiloughrum (T, Buckley, Esq,); the latter in the midst of a thick and extensive plantation known as Kiiloughrum Forest. Conveyances.— Oox& daily to Water- ford, to Wexford ; rail to Dublin. Excursions. — 1. Newtown Barry. 2. Vinegar Hill. 3. Ferns. Distances. — Gorey, 18 m. : Wex- ford, 13J; Newtown Barry, 12; Ferns, 8 ; Bally william, 14, [to which lat- ter place it is an uninteresting drive, relieved during the latter portion by fine views of Mount Leinster and Blackstairs.] The road from Enniscorthy to Wexford is full of great beauty, in which the chief elements are a noble river with lofty wooded banks, rich pastures, and pleasant country-houses. Ireland. Route 23.— Wexford. 205 [te or W. bonk, a little below t i inuence of the Orrin, is the si if St. John's House for Augus- tine Friars. On the rt. bank, Boro- dale D. Beatty, Esq.] and Bormount V, Bartolucci, Esq. : on the I. bank Etochibrl Mrs. Callaghan), and Eder- mine, the charming seat of !Sir J. Power, Bart. Here the road gradually draws oft* from the river, and, as it ascends higher Ground, commands even more • mit'ul views. 77 in., rt. bank, are Mackmine [J. Richards, Esq.); and below, Bellevue A. i lliffe, Esq.) and Brookhill (T. Bell, Esq.), opposite fco which "H rt. is Kyle House (P. 1 1 Lrvey, Esq. . [At K\ Le Cross Beads, 80 m., a ion 1. l< adstoOastlebridge jp. 203); 3t. Eklmond's ( ipt. Irvine) and Artramon G, Lc Hunte, Esq.), 2 fine - - "ii the X. shore of the tnary, together with the ruined ch. and keep of Art i anion Castle. By this road, however, the tourist loses a b autifol landscape, as lie de- wooden bridge over the Blaney, which narrows at this point, "lit on the 1. in a broad < 3- tuary, and on the rt. in a quiet reach with high rocky banks fringed with brushwo" A ruined tower corn- bridge "ii the X.. and there alight traoi - of one on the 8., said > have been the firsl fortn se by tli" Anglo-Normans in I id. I iking up the river are K i P. Walker, Esq. and Ard- adrisk Hon. M 3. M m on oppo- and on tli" 1. bounding tlie X. ah 8 onders Couri [Earl of A . where a loll lid, tli- road divides ; on tb rthy by the rt. bank and on the 1. to] 1. Wi B . 28 Hold: Wl Mb . Pop. 1 1,673. A id is :i ]»lffisfmt-lonkiii^ place, '»v. Lng . - situation on th of a hill, the summil of which is plentifully garnished with wood and overlooks the estuary of the Slaney and Wexford Haven. Bu1 theatre* are inconvenient, and narrow to ^\\r\\ a degree thai it is a matter of arrange- ment to prevent 2 vehicles meeting each other in the principal thorough- fares ; indeed, the tourist, when en- sconced in his hotel is rather startled to find himself with an Asmodeus-like view of the interiors of the opposite houses. Wexfordis, however, a quaint and ancient little place, and a day may be spent to advantage. It was an early and important maritime settle- ment of the Danes, and from its secure harbour and its proximity to England was naturally one of the curliest landing-places of the Anglo- Norman invaders. Here Strongbow resided and celebrated the rnarrit . of his sister Basilica with Raymond le Gros; and here, in modern times, were the head-quarters of the rebels in '98, who kept it for nearly a month in their possession, and put to death ( J1 of the inhabitants. Wexford was a walled town, and possessed an unusually early charter, granted by Adomar de Va- lence in 1:518. Of these walls, "5 of the towers, 3 square and 2 round, are still in a sufficient state of preserva- tion to show that the walls were -'1 ft. high, and were supported on the in- aide by a rampari of earth 2J ft. thick." At the W, end of the tow o, where, the W. gate stood, are the nhns of St. Peter and St. Paul, usually called Selsker ch. This abbey was founded at the close of the 12th cent, by the Roches, Lords of Fermoy, and seems to have partaken a good deal of the de- fensive character : l>nt of Late years much modi rn building has taken place here, thai it has almost de- stroys d the main features of the ruins. ( Connected with the anei nt tower is tin- tnodeni E. Eng. ch. of St. Selsker, on the site of the spot where the fij r signed by thi Englu h and Irish was ratified in 1 1 6 Thi angular legend Cromwell took 206 "Route 23. — Wexford — Forth. Ireland. away the peal of bolls from this cli., and shipped them oif to a ch. in Livei'i>ool ; in return for which, free- dom of the town and exemption from }K)rt dues were granted to Wexford merchants. Nearly in the centre of the town are the scanty ruins of St. Mary's. As regards religious edifices, the Koman Catholics carry off the palm in Wexford, and the tourist should not omit to visit St. Peter's ch., an elaborate and really beautiful Dec. building with a very lofty spire and a remarkably good rose-window. This ch, is attached to St. Peter's College on Summer Hill, overlooking the town, which, with its square central tower, is a conspicuous object. As a county- town, Wexford possesses the institu- tions usually found, but none of them are worth seeing, except the gaol at the W. end, a fine castellated building. One of its most singular features is the wooden bridge built by Lemuel Cox, the American bridge architect; as it stands at present it consists of 2 causeways projecting from opposite banks, 650 and 188 ft. long respectively, the roadway be- tween being 733 ft. The state of the bridge - flooring, however, is such, that the traveller who crosses it by coach, and sees the boards tilt up as it passes, becomes very uncertain as to the probability of getting safe to the other side : so bad is it indeed that the Wexford citizens are be- stirring themselves to build a new one. " The harbour is of an oblong shape, formed by the estuary of the Slaney, extending 8 m. from N. to S. or parallel with the coast, and 4 m. wide, comprising an area of 14,000 acres. It is admirably situated for commerce from its proximity to Eng- Innd and being at the entrance of the Irish Channel ; but these advantages are not available in consequence of a bar at the mouth, having only 18 ft. tor at high tides. The quays ex- tend 1000 yards in length, and there is a dockyard and patent slip." — Thorn's * Directory.' Conveyances. — Coaches to Ennis- corthy and Waterford. Excursions. — 1. Forth Mountains. 2. Lady's Island. 3. Enniscorthy. 4. Taghmon. (Ete. 28.) Distances. — Dublin, 79 m. ; Gorey, 26; Arklow, 36; Enniscorthy, 13J; Forth Mountains, 5 ; New Koss, 22 ; Duncannon, 23 ; Bally william, 28. [An excursion into the barony of Forth, which extends S. to the sea- coast, is replete with interest, partly from the number of fortified houses and towers, of which there are said to be nearly 60 in an area of 40,000 acres, and partly from the tact that the barony is inhabited by the de- scendants of a Welsh colony, some- what in the same way as the districts of Castlemartin and Gower on the opposite Pembrokeshire coast are inhabited by Flemings. Indeed, it would be more correctly stated that the Wexford colonists were de- scended from old residents in Wales, rather than Welshmen, as there is no doubt but that the Norman, English, and Flemish families who had gained possessions in South Wales, were the adventurers who pushed their fortunes and settled in Ireland. Many names belonging to the Principality, such as Carew, Koche, Scurlock, Barry, &c., are naturalized in Ireland. The present inhabitants of Forth and Bargy are said to be peculiar in their dialect, habits, and folk-lore. Quitting Wexford by the S. road and leaving the Forth Mountains to the rt., the tourist reaches, 4 m., Johnstown Castle (Sir T. Esmonde, Bart.), a beautiful castellated resi- dence built of Carlow granite and incorporated with a tower of the old fortress. The grounds are very orna- mental and well laid out. 6J m. Eathmacknee (Capt. Arm- IfiELAl Boute 24. — Dublin to ArUow. 207 strong), near which, in remarkably od preservation, is the ancient rtalice of the same name. About 1 m. to the 8. is another castellated residence, thai of Bargy, formerly the property of the ill-fated BagenaJ Harvey, and now of his descendant John Harvey, Esq, It is situated at the head of Tacumshin Lake, a pill that runs inland for some little dis- tance. The coast in this neigh- bourhood was notorious for the number ^( wrecks that annually took place, before it was lighted as W( II as it now is. The Saltee Islands enjoyed a particularly bad reputation amongst sailors, as there are a number of banks and half- le rocks extending from thence to the Tuskar, but they are now pro- I by a light-ship showing a lixed double liirht. Between Barer? and Rathmacknee is the ruined cb. of Mayglass, which possesses some aicircular-headed arches. 13 m., at the head of Lady's I -'.and Lake, are the ruins of the me name, erected in 1237 by Rodolph de Lamporte or Lambert, and consisting — 1, of a keep, entered an arched gateway and con- nected by side walls with the water on eil le; 2, a tower adjoining ap] to hai D built at a later da - . - - of limestone, when - the formi r one is of granite ; 3, i I ustinian monastery, which, being dedicated to the Virgin, pro- name to the island. , the co I B, is Bally- oi 1 1 as J, Talbot, Esq. . in whose groun< is a remarkably ct rath, consisting of 2 con- atric ires, the outer one 19 yards in circumferenc distance out at sea is the Tuskar l; ick, on which a blished in 1815. ■■ h i of -l Argand lamps a reft 7 lam _rht « V\ . L' Miinnt. 9, whil« □ of t 1m- 21 pi - a dee] I light ev< ry f the fishing village into tin- full- Mown gaiety which it now exhibits — a change partly owing to the exqui- tery of which it is tin- portal, anil partly to the earnest spirit with which Mr. Dargan devoted himself to nproying and beautifying a Locality which his far- a eye told him was admirably adapted f« r it. In one - fortunate, for, as ground was new, there was little or if ancienl Bray t<» be pulled : - I ;iat to all intents and pur- posea we may consider it ess ntially ;i ] f to-day. The station is cl< sea, 1 a the two lat hoi -1 in and the Interna- oal, both of them establishments . and some pretensions to tural beauty. The situation is v ry eharmi'i'_r. occupy- lish basin, and surrounded by hills, save on thai which I by t\ - ■ On 1 \ . Killi id Two Rocks ; on I W. in- at the back of En- 8. an the . with the lofty t I ) 3 1 i < • 1 1 . i from Bray I i s ii the town. Prom all th< se hi shoulders are 'i <>iit. oing their stern f< ,i- Lnsen mi rging into lunds ;mn, the architect of Shelton. The gardens are worth seeing, and the views from the grounds, which slope up towards the Little Sugarloaf, are exquisite. Opposite Kilruddery ( rate is a road Leading up to the Bray I Pad, Poo p.. a line breezy headland, commanding a noble pano- rama ef the Wicklow Hills and tl sea. Should the pedestrian wi it, he may extend his ramble to the rejoining the turnpike at Wind- Put the pleasantesl way horn - wind- i- to g ( t on to what is called the Railway Walk, which i some fine scenery of the ravines an 1 gullies across which the line ried. The ramble to Wind and back by tic 1 [< ad, will be 6 m. The geologist will find at the foot i i the I h ad numbers of sp< cimene of the Oldliamia antiqu th< r with EEowth, being the only known Locality in [r< land. •i. : I ;i of the I >o\ as La de- scribed in th< nutation of the route p. 212 . 210 Boute 2-1. — Dublta to ArWow. Ireland. 3. To the Scalp (p. 219), through E m li skerry, returning by Old Con- naught, the beautiful .sent of P. Riall, Esq. (now vacant), which, from its situation, is a conspicuous object in all Bray views. 4. The Dargle and Powerscourt are the great lions of the district, and the picnic rendezvous, par excellence, of every Dublin holiday-maker. The road turns off from the one to Dublin, and runs through Little Bray, follow- ing upwards the valley of the Bray river, locally called the Valley of Diamonds; it is set off with many a pretty villa, and begirdled with woods, over which the distant hills show their summits. More exten- sive views are obtained from Lord Herbert's new road, which falls into the main road at the pretty new ch. of Kilbride. On the N. side of the Cookstown stream is St. Valery, the picturesque residence of the late Judge Crampton, the grounds of which are worth a visit. At Fassaroe is a well - preserved cross, with a sculptured representation of Our Sa- viour. A little further, on 1., is the entrance to the Dargle, the road to Enniskerry keeping straight on by the Cookstown river. By this en- trance, however, pedestrians only are admitted, cars having to keep along the road and wait for their occupants at the second gate. The walks on the northern bank, through which the visitor is allowed to ramble, belong to the Powerscourt demesne ; and those on the opposite side to Charleville, the property of Lord Monck. The Dargle, about which so much has been said and written, is a deep, thickly- wooded glen, at the bottom of which flows the Dargle river, an impetuous mountain-stream ; and in truth it well deserves ad- miration, for a more lovely dingle it is difficult to conceive. Neverthe- less it is a question whether it would have been the theme of so much ad- miration were it not for its easy acces- sibility and its proximity to Dublin; for, while confessing its charms, there are yet many glens containing liner or more romantic scenery. The chief points of rendezvous are the Lover's Leap, " a huge rock, projecting far from the glen's side, and overlooking rt. and 1. the still depths of the ra- vine. Shadowing, and bending aw r ay in a densely- wooded slope, the oppo- site side of the glen rises grandly up- wards ; while 300 ft. down below us steals the ever-present river towards the sea, the blue line of whose distant horizon rules the topmost branches of the trees away on our L"- — Powell. There are also the Moss House and the View Kock, from whence a good distant view is gained of Powers- court, backed up by the lofty ranges of Kippure. Having exhausted the beauties of the Dargle, the tourist emerges from the second, or furthest gate, into the turnpike-road, between Dublin and Katkdrum. If a short excursion only is intended, he can turn to the rt. to Enniskerry, and retrace his way back to Bray by the N. bank of the Cookstown stream ; but, if bent on seeing the water- fall, he should follow the road to the 1., running between the woods of Powerscourt and the grounds of Tinnahinch (Lady Louisa Grattan), a plain house, surrounded by dense woods, which founds its reputation on having been the residence and fa- vourite retreat of Henry Grattan, to whom it was presented by the Irish Parliament. There is an exquisite view at Tinnahinch Bridge, where the Dargle is again crossed, and where the road ascends, having on 1. Bushy Park (Kt. Hon. Judge Keogh) and Ballyorney (Maj. Kenny) ; and on rt. Charleville, the seat of Lord Monck. At the S. end of these de- mesnes is the Glebe House, 4^ m., where a road on rt. turns off to enter Lord Powerscourt's deer-park, a large enclosure of some 800 acres, " of which the greater part is under young plantations ; enough, however. Iki.' wn. Route 21. — The Dargle — Powerscourt. 211 Id trees n main to carry back lC imagination to what this place was - me years ago, when venerable oaks were scattered along the sides of the glen, and when herds of deer bounded over the fern-covered sur- motionless on the cliffs when danger was in the wind." — Fro8< r. !• if a dianning excursion through the deer-park to the waterfall, where tip 1 1 _ - precipitated over a rock ft, in height, immediately under the N.E, side of the Douce Moun- tain. I' rtainly a very fine fall, though, like i v. ry other, dependent for Beet on the volume of water in the river. From hence an ax-cut be made to the summit of the - 1- ft., which, with its com- - and neighbours, War Hill, ft., and Kippure, 2475 ft., are the loftiest of tin's northern chain of Wicklow mountains. The vi- yards and landwards, are ally fine, the latter embracing range after range in "Wicklow, and m W 'I. Pc rart waterfall is usually the limit of a limy excursion, but if traveller has time he may, with fellow from the deer-park up the ( rlencn • I lughbray ."• m. from the point where the Dargle \ alcluse . I \< re are two Upper and Lower I . g I • rapying d< ep * under the summit of Kippure, od L225 ft. d bove the level of the e - thai have their bitat i 3 Lacustris, Poa ind Ldsfc ra cordata. < >n v. bank of the latter lake, which is ich tl. . La b pictun ague old built for the fate 8 l i by the Duke of \ rl rland; v. ry near which the ' ry 1.' lid, windinj ad til- t Oh ncm i 1 1 •u mi the opposite side to Enniskerry, \ 1 k of the grounds of Powerscourt Lord Powerscourt). To sec the grounds and house an order is nea Bsary, to be ob- tained from the agent at Enniskerry. The mansion is a plain building, chiefly remarkable for its size and the unsurpassable beauty of it.- situation. The principal interest internally is the large saloon, in which George IV. par- took of a banquet in 1821. ThewhoL of the demesne occupies 26,000 acn being the largest and most varied estate of any in this part of the king- dom. The botanist will find in tl neighbourhood of Powerscourt and Dargly — Polypodium phlegopteris, Aapidium dumetosum and on Douce Mt. . Trichomanes brevisetum, Hy- menophyllum TunbridgenSje, Oarex pendula, C strigosa (Dargle), F- tuca calamaria D irgle . Poa pra- tensis, Circaea lutetiana, Arenaria trinervis, Viola palustris; and in Glencree, Cnicus pratensis, Hymeno- phyllum Wilsoni. If the tourist intends seeing the waterfall after the house, he should leave the park by a gate opposite Tinnahinch; but if he is returning to Bray, by a fine Grecian gateway very near the little town of Enniski try Hotel : Shirley' - famous for its situation in the cent] of a district teeming with beauty. Nearly opposite the park-gates is a very pretty Protestant ch., the spire of which is sheathed with copper. 1 the pedestrian who wishes to extend his rambles with greater ease, or for the angler, Enniskerry is more con- venient than Bray. An omnibus runs daily betw< the two plao Tli'' pedestrian should not omit I >nd the ( treat 8 garloa£ which is perfectly easy, though Bh ep, and commands a fin panoramic view than any mountain in the district, embracing in cL ther the hills of Wal< The whole of I ghbourhood of B rands in pi ad f n addition to ly mentioned are, n« ar I h< I Dublin road, Wilfort I Tool E . '•. M 21:2 Route 24. — Dublin to ArJclow. Ireland, (D. Mackay, Esq.), Old Connaught Souse, Palermo (Miss Hutchinson), Cork Abbey Col. Verner), Ravens- well, Mount Eden, Jubilee Hall, &c- Conveyances. — Kail to Dublin and Wicklow ; omnibus to Enniskerry tlnce times a day. Distances. — Dublin, 12 m. ; Kil- liney, 4 : Kingstown, 7 ; Shankill, 2.^ ; the Scalp, 5 ; Kilternan, 6 ; the Dargle, 3 ; Tinnahinch, 3^ ; Powers- court, 4 ; Enniskerry, 3 ; Gleneree, 9; Waterfall, 7; Roundwood, 12| ; Glendalough and seven chinches, 19 ; Annarnoe, 15 ; Lough Bray, 10 ; Delgany, 5; Bray Head, 1J; Glen of the Downs, 5 ; Devil's Glen, 10 ; Newtown Mount Kennedy, 9 ; Rath- driun, 24 ; Wicklow, 16. " Three roads leave Bray for the S. ; the one nearest the coast runs direct to Wicklow parallel with the rly. (Rte. 23). The middle one should be fol- lowed by the tourist to Newtown Mount Kennedy. 2 1. is Holhjbrook, the seat of Sir George Hodson, and a favourite show- place for visitors to Bray. The house is of Tudor style, and in very good taste. It replaced an older mansion, dating from the 17th century, a fact to which may be attributed the age and luxuriance of the shrubs and evergreens, particularly the ilex and arbutus. Hollybrook was once the residence of Robin Adair, so famous in Irish song. On the opposite side of the road is Wingfield (H. Darby, Esq.). The scenery is wonderfully pictu- resque, as the road passes a defile between the Great and Little Sugar- Ion f, two of the mo.st conspicuous and characteristic eminences in Wick- low, the former 1G59 ft., and the latter 1120 ft. Although steep and very conelike in summit, they are perfectly accessible, and afford a view well worth the trouble of ascent. The Hymenophyllum Wilsoni and the pretty Potentilla argentea grow on their Bides. At Kilmurry, it is said, but on no authority, that Gene- ral Wolfe was born. At the 5 m. the tourist enters a very charming scene at the Glen of the Downs, a deep woodland ravine of a good mile in length, the banks of which on either side rise to the height of some 800 ft. At the entrance is Glenview, the residence of W. Lind- say, Esq. ; and running parallel with it on the 1. is Belle vue, the beautiful park of the La Touche family. A very extensive view is obtained from a little temple erected on the top of the bank. At the S. entrance of the glen [a road on 1. leads to Delgany {Hotel: Fitzsimon's), from whence the traveller may return to Bray by rail]. 9 m. Newtown Mount Kennedy {Hotel: Xewell's) is a small town, remarkable only for the charming scenery and for the number of hand- some residences in its neighbourhood — Mount Kennedy House (R. G. Cuninghame, Esq.) ; Tinnapark (J. Clarke, Esq.) ; Glendarragh (T. Barton, Esq.) ; Altidore (late Rev. L. Hepenstall), in the grounds of which are some well-arranged cas- cades; Woodstock House (Col. Tot- tenham). Conveyances. — Cars to Delgany station. Distances. — Rathdrum, 15 m. ; Devil's Glen, 8 ; Glen of the Downs, 4 ; Kilcoole village, 2 — station, 3. The next point of interest is at 12 m. the prettily wooded glen of Dunran, where there is some good rock-landscape. 15 m. Ashford {Hotel: Ashford) is a pleasant spot for a short stay, and the centre of some of the pret- tiest scenery in Wicklow. It is situ- ated on the bank of the Vartry river, which, after flowing through the Devil's Glen, has but a short course prior to its entering the Murrough of Wicklow. 1 m. from Ashford to the E. is Ne wrath Bridge {Hotel: Hunter's, good), adjoining which is Rosanna House, the seat of D. Tighe, Esq., a former member of whose family lives in the recollection of the lovers of Irish LAND, Route 21. — Devil's Glen — Rathdrum. 213 - the ;iui horess of ' Psyche ' T i _: unds and house of Broomfield F, Wakefield, Esq. arc worth a visit. Bui the excursion par •ceUena of Ashford is the Devil's Glen, a very fine and romantic defile of nearly °2 m. in Length, through which the Vartry flows li is of a different nature from thai of the Dargle, the chief characteristic of which is wood; while here rock scenery pn dominat 3. Car- are no! allowed to drive up, but have to wail on the road some little distance from the head of the glen. Bordering the ravine on cither side ore Glenmore Castle, the seal of F. Bynge, Esq., and Ballycurry House 0. Tottenham, Esq., M.P. ; and mediately at the entrance, ad- joining the bri »f Nun's Cross, is Proti stant ch. The botanist will find in the glen Asplenium ceterach. r> i v. . . n R randwood and the head _ -it'ii are the newly constructed r » rvoirsof the Dublin Waterworks, from whence the waters of theVartry are made to supply the necessities of Dublin population. Here is a reservoir of 400 acres, or five times that of the ill-fated reservoir of Sheffield. When filled, this basin will hold 2,482,810,483 gallons of water, beii supply of 12,000,000 ons daily \'<>r 200 days. The em- inkmenl is L600 feet long by 500 wide, the materia] I puddled earth i with granit I > i. — Rathdrum, 1 m. : 1 1 rilX Hen, 1 ; Newrath Bridge . I ; Rathnew, l'A-: Wicklow, 1 '. : New- .vii Hbunt Kennedy, 6; Glenda- lough,9J; Annamoe, 6; Roundwood, 12. The visitor has choice of two roads, — one, through BallinaL a to t rlenealy B picturesque and prettily- * Led route ; the ot I er, on the X. 1 irrick Blount, 1252 ft., is m<»r-- billv and desolate, until within • miles tthdru poor / . p rched in the most romantic way, Like many a Tyrol Be villa. steep banks of the Annamoe, which runs through a very beautifully wooded ravine. Neither the town itself nor the accommodation offers sufficient inducement for the traveller to stay lure: and he will only bail his horse or change his car previous to his excursion to Qlendalough or Arklow, to which latter place he may, if he choose, proceed by the rly. Rte. '1\\ , running between Bray and Enniscorthy, but by this means he will lose half the beauty of the route. Conveyances. — Rail to Wooden Bridge, Arklow, Enniscorthy, and Dublin. Distances. — Ashford, 10 m, : Wooden Bridge, 8; Wicklow,8; Ark- low, 12; Meeting of the Water-. 3; Drumgoff, 7: Laragh, 7; Seven Churches. 8; Roundwood, 12; Anna- moe, 9J; Devil's Glen, 11 ; Bray, 2; The road to Wooden Bridge and Arklow now follows the high ground on the rt. hank of tbe Annamoe, into the lovely valley of which the traveller gets frequent peeps. Pass- ing Avondale ( — Edwards. Esq. and Kingston House, the magnificent situation of Castle Howard R.Brook . Kx[. is the principal object of atten- tion, together with the exquisite view of the Vale of Avoca and the M< etimr of the Wat. ire, described in Moon - well-known stanzas. •• The meeting " is at the conflu- ence of the Avonmore and Avonb which here unite in their course to theses at Ark-low. When seen from above the vale is cbanning, though it must be confessed that tourists often feel a certain amount of disappoint- ment in it. ;i necessary result when any place or thing has been exagge- rated : and were it not for the immor- tality conf< rred on A* oca bj [reland's jM»it. it would have simply ranked oe out of the hundreds <>f pretty valley- in tlii.- di.-triet. Mrum- ; 1 1 ■ ks, 7 in. This fine work was complete d w i 1 1 1 a view to open- ing up ; ■ - si 3se& of t. k- low B j !.. troublous til :• bellion, and thus enabling la military and police quickly throuj district. immi i the hilly country N : Tinnahely, and 1 1 dn S, to the 1 1 : A - 1 .;. - , Dnn I . . . and < for the n If!' d . ; t theheighl of L600 or 1700 ft. above the sea, and hut seldom descendin to any of the valleys. Prom ( Hen- cree ii continues over the Killaki e Hills (passing Killakee House, the residence of Mrs. White, from when< e one of the finest possible views is ob- tained over the Dublin plain), and finally ends at Rathfarnham. From Drumgoff a road runs W. to Duola- vin : this is a good route from which to ascend CiUgnaquilla, which towers on the 1. to the heighl of 3039 ft. ; the view extends a marvellous dis- tance, especially on the S. into Wex- ford, Waterford, and Coi k. The return from Rathdrum to Duhlin Bhould be through the west< rn portion oftheco. of Wicklow, following upwards the stream of the Avonmor the read runs through thick groi - of wood, at a considerable height above the river. to3 m. Clara Bridge, an extremely pretty village at the bottom of the Vale of Avonmore, on the sides of which rise Trooperstown Hill, 1408 ft., on rt., and Kirikee, 1559 ft., on 1. Nearly at the head of t. vale, at the entrance of the grouu ofDerrybawn [Mrs.Bookey ,thegreat military road i.> joined, 1 m. from which, at Laragh, a road on 1. turns sharply off to 8 m. Jordan's Hotel, a v ry comfortable and romantic n sting-place in the immediate vicinity of t tie Seven ( Ihurchi s and the \ of < rlendalough. Two vall< ys fall in at this point from the N.B.— the Vale of Gl< - dasan, a river which has a coura about '•'> m. from Lough Nahanagan, and tin Valeof Glendalough,the upp r portion of which is watered bya small stream, the ( I lenealo, thai di a from its rocky fastnesses in the Table Mt. to fall into the upp r and lev laki - ; the so □ rj of thi up] c lak< is of a v- rj grand characl On the N . I aii b [i i y, 229t and "ii ti, 8 ■ - 176 It., rise in fine • | »m< ata from I brink of ti ppn achi n ly n er at il.* hi ad 216 Route 24. — Dublin to Arldow. Ireland. to leave a passage for the moun- tain torrent that feeds the lake. The lower lake is much smaller, and the valley is much more open ; but the presence of the round tower and the deserted ruins gives it an aspect of weird melancholy quite indescrib- able—an aspect very much enhanced if the clouds are lowering over the head of the lake, " whose gloomy shore Skylark never warbles o'er." and throwing dark shadows over the pass. Before exploring any of the ravines and glens in the neighbour- hood, the visitor will of course bestow his attention first of all on the eccle- siastical ruins of the valley. The foundation of the city of Glen- dalough may be ascribed to St. Kevin, who as early as the 6th cent, founded a ch. on the S. bank of the upper Like, from which he subsequently removed to the opening of the valley. Even in the 12th cent, the city is described as having lain waste for 40 years, and being a veritable den of robbers, " spelunca latronum." The objects of interest may be divided into 3 groups, according to their situ- ation. Immediately at the back of the hotel is an enclosure containing the ruins of the cathedral, Our Lady's ch., St. Kevin's House or Kitchen, and the Round Tower. 1. The en- closure is entered by a magnificent though terribly dilapidated gateway, which Dr. Petrie compares to the lloman-built Newport gate at Lin- coln. In form it was a square, having i eternal and internal arches, from between which rose a tower. Enough of it remains to show the undressed blocks of mica slate and the cliiselled granite blocks of the arches and pilasters. 2. The cathedral is con- sidered to have been erected about the commencement of the 7th cent., pro- bably by Gobhan Saer, the great archi- tect of that day ; the original ch. was 55 ft. long, but the chancel appears to be of later date. It is entered by a square-headed doorway, in which the weight upon the lintel is taken off by a semicircular arch. The masonry of the chancel is much less massive than that in the body of the ch., and more- over is not bonded like that of the nave, thus showing its more modern erection. The E. window was re- markable for its ornamented character, possessing a chevron moulding and a sculptured frieze running on either side from the spring of the arch. It is worth notice that the stone of which this E. window is built is a sort of oolite not found anywhere in the dis- trict. 3. The ch. of Our Lady is believed to have been the first erected in the lower part of the valley or the city of Glendalough by St. Kevin, "qui ibi duxit vitam eremiticam," and was buried here. It possesses a remarkable doorway, of a style re- sembling Greek architecture. It is 6 ft. high, 2 ft. 6 in. wide at the top and 3 ft. at the bottom, being formed of 7 stones of the thickness of the wall ; the lintel is ornamented on its soffit with a cross, " saltier wise," somewhat after the fashion of Kil- liney fp. 208). 4. The Kound Tower, which stands at one corner of the enclosure, close to the cathedral, is about 110 ft., and is deficient in the conical cap. It has, a semicircular-headed doorway with- out any ornament, and " is constructed of blocks of granite, chiselled, though * the wall of the tower generally is formed of rubble masonry of the mica slate of the adjacent mountains ; and in this circumstance it resembles the doorways of several chs. in the val- ley." Its probable date is the 7th cent. 5. The most interesting feature in the enclosure is the cell of St. Kevin. The tourist who has visited Kells (Bte. 16) will at once recognise the great similarity between St. Columb's house and St. Kevin's, although the latter has been to all intents and pur- ILAND. B : 24, — Qlendatough, 217 poses changed into a ch. by the sub- [ueot addition of a chancel and bell turret, neither of which in all proba- bility belonged to the original build- ing; this chance] has been destroyed, bnl it will be perceived on close ex- amination that the walls of the ad- joining sacristy are not bonded into those of the main building. " It will >be rved also that the chancel-arch la of subsequent formation; for its aicircular head is not formed on the principle of the arch, but by the cutting away of the horizontally laid nes of the original wall, in which operation a portion of the original window placed in this wall was de- 1. and the remaining portion of th< rture buili up with solid ma- sonry." — Petri Divested of thes Kitions, we find that St. Kevin's - an oblong building with a ry high-pitched stone roof, an arched room below, and a small croft . A stringc >urse runs at the of the roof, and is carried along the h the end wall. It was en- t : I by a door on the W. side, and d by 2 plain windows in the E. d. one above the other, and one in the S. wall ; the door, winch is now block* d up, was square-headed, with the weight taken off the lintel by a semicirc -* in the cathedral Rising from the W. gt - 1 »1« ■ is ldition ofa small round-towered . with a conical roof and i agular apertures faring I points. The entrance •ft. ipparently similar chancel, b< ing Btone-roof d unented with a rude string- >urse similar to that of the main _r. I' I l ■ Dr. Petrie that ldition * i place nol 1 death 81 Kevin, wh< e was held in such n ace turalh _di it was » Ufirhl bis n aidence into a ch. dng chs. are ;ill al li* - 6.1 [li /.] eh., near the road leading from La- ragh to Glendalough. In the chancel wall is a semicircular-headed window, the arch cut out ofa single stone — ■ also a triangular - headed window; the chancel arch is semicircular, and springs from jamhs " which have an inclination correspond!] with the doorways and windows." A round lower was formerly at- tached to this ch. 7. Ontheopposit hank of the river, near Deriybawn, are the ruins of St. Saviour's, or the Monastery, which possess more inter- esting details than any of the other.-. The chancel contains a stone Beal at the E. end, and 3 niches in the S. wall, which probably served for pis- cina or ambry. The piersonly of the chance] arching are h ft, and, before the ch. became so dilapidated, must have shown some very interesth and beautiful sculpture. It consisl of 3 "receding piers with semi- columns," and the capitals and bases should be carefully studied for the sake of the fantastic sculptures of human heads and animals — a not uncommon decoration of the 12th cent, of Irish architecture.* Dr. Led- wich, whatever his authority may be worth, considered that all this oro mentation was of Danish origin; but Dr. Petrie holds that we are to look for the prototypes in the debased ar- chitecture of Greece and Borne. Si- milar sculpture and beauty of detail existed in the Priest's House, of which however there is now scarcely any v. Btige. 8. The ch. of Eecfert, situated on the S. bank of the upper hike, w. the " clara cells " first founds d by B Kevin before he moved t.> the low< r pari of the \a!h \ . It contains a squan -headed doorway of chisellc 1 blocks of granite, and aeai the ch. stood • a, i m:ii kinj >1 of the «•' in tery of the B whi re the celebrate a King < > "i • Simfl ' Clon- ic 21S Route 24. — Dublin to Arlclow. Ireland, is said to be buried. Still further, near the cliff of Lugduff, arc — 10. the very scanty remains of the cli. of Teampul na Skellig. It is a charming woodland walk along the S. bank of the lakes, and at the foot of Derrybawn Mountain, where the Osmunda regalis flou- r i shes. At the back of the inn, which is situated just between the 2 lakes, the tourist should ascend Lugduff brook for a short distance to see the Pollanass waterfall : and having visited Keefert and Teampul na Skellig, should cross the Causeway and take boat on the upper lake to St. Kevin's Bed. " This wonder-working couch is a small cave in the face of a rock, capable of containing 3 persons at most, hanging perpendicularly over the lake ; the approach is by a narrow path along the steep side of the moun- tain, at every step of which the slightest false trip would precipitate the pedestrian into the lake below. After passing the Rubicon of the Lady's Leap, the landing-place im- mediately above the cave is soon reached without difficulty ; but the visitor must descend with caution, his face turned to the rock down which he climbs, while the guide directs which way he is to turn, and where to plant his foot, until at last he reaches the mouth of the sainted bed."- — Otway. Here it was that St. Kevin, to escape from the " Eyes of most unholy blue " of Cathleen, who loved him not wisely but too well, fixed his hermit's couch, fearing an interruption : — 11 ' Here at least,' he calmly said, ' "Woman ne'er shall find my bed.' Ah ! the good saint little knew What that wily sex can do." Moore. But she traced him out, and St. Kevin woke one morning from his sleep to find her watching his countenance. He rose, and with a sudden impulse of madness hurled ]x>or Kathleen into lake : — " Down gazed he frenzied on the tide. Cathleen ! how conies he lonely? Why has she left her Kevin's side, That lived for Kevin only V Gerald Griffin. Should the tourist have time, he should make an excursion up the Glendasan valley, and past the Lug- ganamon lead-mines (which are 3 m. distant from the 7 chs.), to the summit level at Wicklow Gap, 1569 ft., from whence he will obtain very fine mountain views. The road from this point continues to Blessington and the plains of Kildare. Distances of the Hotel — from Bray, 19 m. ; Koundwood, 6 ; Annamoe, 3J; Laragh, I; Bathdruni, 8; Lug- gelaw, 11 ; Wicklow Gap, 4 J ; De- vil's Glen, 8 : Sally Gap, 13. On the return, the road is re- traced and followed to Laragh. Passing 1. Laragh House (G. Booth, Esq.), and winding up a steep and long hill, the village of Annamoe is reached, adjoining which is Glenda- lough, the seat of T. Barton, Esq. Between 3 and 4 m. to the ft., and visible from the road, is the entrance of the Devils Glen. The tourist should visit the reservoir of the waterworks lately formed for the supply of the city of Dublin (p. 213). Roundivood (Hotel: Murphy's), a prettily situated village on the banks of the Vartry. This is a favourite place with many, the quarters being comfortable, and the situation central for Glendalough, the Devil's Glen, and Luggelaw. It is moreover a good fishing station. In the neigh- bourhood are Eoundwood Lodge and Koundwood Park (T. Gower, Esq.). From Koundwood 3 routes are avail- able : — 1. A direct road to Bray, run- ning through Calary, skirting the deer-park of Powerscourt, and cross- ing the Dargle at Tinnahinch Bridge (p. 210). 2. A bleak mountain road to the E. of this last, which steers clear of Powerscourt and Enniskerry, and winds round the Great Sugarloaf, Irelai Soute 25. — Dublin to Corl\ 219 felling into the Bray road near llolly- tk. 3. A more circuitous route, by turn- in lt off to the 1. at Anna Carter Bridge, ■ 1 following the road to Luggelaw. From Bally Gap, where the military road is joined, it is 5 m. to Glencn The i' 1 -irian Bhould not leave Boundwood without visiting Lough Dan, which bo may do either by proceeding to the Old Bridge, and thence walking up the Annamoe ri\ - by turning off from the Luggelaw road mar the Poliee- i, and following the Annamoe a n. 1. >ugh Dan is a rather Long of water, 685 ft. above the s latedina hollow between themoun- Ins or' Knocknacloghole and Blieve- ickh : it is G d by the Annam and 1 rivers, the former of which discharges itself at the lower >f the lake, near the d< smesne of ! . :k< View, Although a characteristic luntain lake, it does not possess tlie rn and more romantic beauties of Lough Tay, which is some 2 m. to the N.. a:.d occupies a circular oorrie nearly at the head of the gleu of the A- The cliff Boenery here is atrastswith tip ounds of L iw, Kc n treat as far away from th hum of men as any hermit . i wish, " A monstrous bee of lion is distinctly traced in f the rock, looking toomily and angrily on the lake The ey< brows, broad and marked by no ad liii.iiT i :id tiy formed by in the rock." — Wright. I Orobanche major, • rside, is an inhabitant of this of < U< ndalough, l\ \]\c WiV tli.it St. 11 nt a cell I. w, ;il dr tu- I ! a I tnd Lug£ -i the hank of the Annamoe, and on the SAW *\t\c of Douce and War II ill, to join the mili- tary road jil Sally Gap. At the height of 1700 ft. is the watershed of the Annamoe and the Liffey, the source of which last is but a very short distance from the Gap. From this point the military road runs at an a\< rage elevation of 1700 ft. past Liough Bray to Glencree. The route from Enniskerry to Dublin is carried on Iho W. Hank of Sliaukhill Mountain, through a wild and singular ravine known the Sea!/), which appears to have been rout by some tremendous shock, le iving only just room for the forma- tion of the highway. Huge masses of granite are tossed about and piled up in picturesque confusion, affording a strong contrast to the other glens which the tourist has visited. A little further ou a cromlech may be visited at Mount Venus, which is 19 ft. in length and 11 in breadth. The table-stone, like that of Howth, has been dismounted. Passing through the village of Rathfarnham 'lite. 1) the tourist soon reaches Dublin. ROUTE 25. FROM DUBLIN TO CORK, BT THE GREAT SOUTHERN AND WESTERN RAILWAY. Ra1 er more than half of In] lb travem d by th< i isl in about 7 which in its ap- utmentfl ment l 2 220 Route 25. — Dub 1 in to CorJc. Ireland. ranks amongst the first in the king- dom. It was commenced in 1844, under the engineering superintend- ence of Sir John McNeil, and was opened for the whole distance to Cork, 165 m., in 1849. The country through which it runs exhibits a very fair specimen of Irish scenery, being for the most part a vast expanse of rich grazing land, relieved by groups of mountains, and occasionally a genu- ine bog, as dreary and melancholy as only an Irish bog can be. The stat. at Kingsbridge, at the S.W. end of Dublin, is a fine, though somewhat florid Corinthian building, consisting of a central front, flanked on each side by wings surmounted by clock towers. The interior is graceful and convenient, and covers an area of 2J acres. Gliding out of the stat. the traveller catches a glimpse on the rt. of the Phoenix Park with its con- spicuous Wellington obelisk, and on the 1. of the Royal Hospital of Kil- mainham, and passes rapidly through the locomotive establishment at Inchi- core, where the cleanly and even tasty appearance of the buildings and offices w r ill attract attention. 2 m. rt. 1 m. is the village of Cha- pelizod, bordering on the Phoenix fRte. 1), and 4 J m. 1. the round tower of Clondalkin, nearly 1 m. from the stat. ; but as this forms a fa- vourite excursion from Dublin it has been described in Rte. 1. 7 m. Lucan stat. ; the village of the same name (Rte. 14) being 1J m. on rt. and nearly midway between this and the Midland Great Western Rly., by which the visitor may return to Dublin after inspecting Lucan and Leixlip. 2 m. 1. of the stat., crossing the Grand Canal, is Castle Bagot (the seat of J. Bagot, Esq.). As the train gains the open country, tlie beautiful ranges of the Dublin mountains are very conspicuous on the 1„ and for the whole distance to Kildare form a most charming background to the landscape. They may be considered as the frontier belt which guards the lovely county of Wicklow. 10. Hazelhatch stat. 1J m. rt. is Celbridge, where dwelt Esther Van- homrigh, the ill-starred Vanessa of Swift. Celbridge Abbey (C. Lang- dale, Esq.), the place of her residence, was originally built by Dr. Morley, Bp. of Clonfert. On the same side of the LifTey is St. Wolstans (R. Cane, Esq.), with its ancient gate- way, and on the opposite bank is Castleton, the magnificent seat of T. Conolly, Esq., M.P., conspicuous from its obelisk (Rte. 14). [2 m. I. of the stat. is the village of Newcastle, formerly a royal borough of James I. The ch. has a good E. window. 4 m. Bathcoole, very pret- tily situated at the foot of Slieve Thoul, which rises to the height of 1308 ft.. About 4 m. to the E. are the inconsiderable ruins of Kilteel Castle and ch .] Before arriving at 13 m. Straff an stat., the line passes L Lyons Castle, a beautiful seat of Lord Cloncurry. The house, which consists of a centre range, flanked by semicircular colon- nades, is placed in a wooded park at the foot of Lyons Hill, 631 ft. The interior contains a fine gallery of sculpture. Between Lyons and Rath- coole to S.E. is Atligor, in the grounds of which is the old keep of Colmanstown castle. Straffan is a pretty village on the 1. or N. bank of the river, which here approaches pretty close to the rly. In the neighbourhood are Straffan House (H. Barton, Esq.), and Killadoon fthe Earl of Leitrim). 2 m. 1. of the stat. is Oughterarde, where (on the summit of a steep eminence) are ruins of a small ch., the crypt being used for a burial-place of the Pon- sonbys of Bishop's Court; also the stump of a round tower with a circu- lar-headed doorway 10 ft. from the ground. 18 m., near Sallins Stat., the line crosses the Grand Canal, This Ireland. Routt 25. — Naas — Phoul-a-phooia, _. w >rk. which, when commenced in 15. waa justly considered as the finest work of the day, was Bet on foot supply inland navigation to the t 'Wus and districts between Dublin and the Shannon, and is carried from the nit tropolia to a spol called Shan- non Barbour, near Banagher Rte. . The main line, together with 1 branches and an extension t<> the Suck, at Ballinasloe, is 161 m., 'the unit lev* 1. 'JT'J t't. above the sea. inpr at Robertstown, 26 m. from Dublin. The annual tonnage of rchandize carried on the canal 1,000 tons, producing t«.ll to amount of 2O,0OOZ. a year." — 7" 9 Dm dory. B yond Sallin> ranch is given off to N as. [•"» m. the Liffey i bridj "i lna.in, " ;i t . where a Franciscan abbey, f which still r in tins, was raid Fitzmaurice in the L3th centy. A tittle further Roman Catholic college of . a fine quadrangular \ flanked by 4 towers at the igles.] I. of Sallins Btat. 1^ m. is r n House, t e seat of I . »] i Naas : - i Puncheston, la- - for it- steep] ch i» s. [From dins a car runs daily to Dun- through 3 m. Na j»r N . which ■_ i title ly of . and i isy little m of :'> n| »'> [nhab., jh not so brisk as in the dav- it lay in the nigh lam. rick. M*K Tt La d one of the old a in Ireland, and the royal <»f ti - of Lein- 1 was in b flourish] ite np ' ■ f the \'.\\<-. ] and :*. or 1 abl noli antiquity : tfa whi Id their y La built the site of the castle. " 1 m. on the Lim< rick road is Jigginstone Eloue a spacious brick mansion, commi nc< by the unfortunate Karl of Strafford, but never finished, the walls of which and the vaulted cellars, from the excellent quality of the bricks and cement, are still in a very perfect state.' 1 — Leu-is. After all, the chiet attraction of Naas is the splendid range of hills which approach near enough to tempt the pedestrian to a ramble into North Wicklow and the source of the Ldffey]. In the neighbourhood are Foren- aghts Dean Burgh and Oldtown House T. De Burgh, Esq.). Excursions. — 1. Blessington. 2. Phoul-a-phooka. [The l<»vcr of the picturesque should notomit to visit the waterfall of Phoul-a-phooka on the Ldffey, which is 2 m. beyond the little town of Bally- more Eustace, and 5 J to the S. of Blessington. It is a succession of magnificent cataracts, by which the Liffey descends from the hills to the valley, of 150 ft. in height. " Whilst the broad river, Foaming and hurrying o'er i?v rugged path, Fell into that immeasurable void, Scattering its waters to the passing winds." The middle fill is the finest : at itsbat is the basin or pool, which has given its name to the fall, in conjunction with the Phooka, the Puck of Irish Legend. •• Th< greal objed of the Phooks to obtain e rider, and then 1«' is in all hismosi malignant glory. Head- Long he dashes through brier and brake, through U"<>d and fell, over mountain, valley, moor, or riv< indiscriminately; up or down preci- is alike to bim, provided he aiti. - the malevolence thai - inspire bim. A - the ' Tinna olane,' or Will-o'-the-wisp, he Lh hut to betray; Like the I tanoverian • Tnckbold, 1 he deludi a the night wanden r into a bog and l« to hie ' ruction in b quagmire pit." — Hatt. A single-arched lai-i 222 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland, crosses the stream at the Falls, from which, as well as from Lord Miltown's grounds, the best views are to be ob- tained.] Distances. — Sallins, 3 m. ; Bless- ington, 8 ; Newbridge, 1 1 ; Phoul- a-phooka, 9. [The Liffey is crossed at a prettily- wooded spot, bordered by the de- mesnes of Harristown (J. La Touche, Esq.), Newberry (H. M'Clintock, Esq.) , on the N. bank, and Sallymonnt (0. Roberts, Esq.) on the S. 2 m. rt. is Kilcullen, a queer rambling village, " which tumbles down one hill and struggles up another" on either side the river, here crossed by an ancient bridge. The antiquary will find an attraction, 2 m. to the S., in Kilcullen Old Town, which, pre- vious to the building of the new town in 1319, was a strong city forti- fied by walls and entered by 7 gates. There are some scanty remains of the abbey founded for monks of the Strict Observance in the 15th centy. ; also part of a round tower and the shaft of a cross, divided into compart- ments and sculptured with figures. A little to the W. is a very large circular fort, known as Don Ailline. From the Liffey, at Sallymount, it is 5 m. to Dunlavin.] The Grand Canal, or rather the branch to Naas, is crossed a second time after leaving Sallins, as is also the LirTey (which for the next few miles keeps to the 1. of the line), by a timber bridge, 270 ft. long. 25 J m. Newbridge stat. The fre- quent presence on the platform of bearded and moustached warriors be- tokens the proximity to the cavalry barracks, which are about the most extensive in Ireland, and accommo- date a large number of men and horses, pvilcullen, 5 m., may be more conveniently visited from here than from Sallins, and by keep- ing on the rt. bank of the Liffey, the antiquary may inspect the ruins of the Priory of Great Connell, or Old Conal, founded in 1202 by Meyler Fitzhenry, who stocked it with friars drafted from Llanthony Abbey. A part of the E. gable and some mutilated tombs still remain. In its prosperous times, the priors of this abbey ranked as Lords of Parlia- ment, and enjoyed many privileges unknown to abbeys of poorer means.] Soon after leaving Newbridge, the line skirts the Curragh of KUdare, and the traveller may obtain occa- sional peeps of the block huts of the encampment. " The Curragh is a magnificent undulating down, 6 m. long and 2 broad ; it lies in a direc- tion from N.E. to S.W., having the town of Kildare at its western ex- tremity, and crossed by the great road from Dublin to Limerick ; and is in fact an extensive sheepwalk of above 6000 acres, forming a more beautiful lawn than the hand of art ever made. Nothing can exceed the extreme softness and elasticity of the turf, which is of a verdure that charms the eye, and is still further set off by the gentle inequality of the surface; the soil is a fine dry loam on a substratum of limestone." — Lewis. Geologically speaking, this fine loam is nothing but drift, about 200 ft. in thickness. There are but few early remains in it — and these only of an ancient road running nearly parallel with the high road, and a chain of small raths. It has been the scene of many an encampment prior to the perma- ' nent establishment that occupies it at present : in 1646 by forces under General Preston ; in 1783, by volun- teers ; and in 1804, by 30,000 insur- gents. At present several regiments are constantly quartered here, and the camp presents the same civilised means and appliances that exist at Aldershott. We must not pass the Curragh without alluding to its races, which both from its pecu- liarly springy turf, and the oppor- tunities afforded to spectators, have long held the first rank in the esti- mation of Irish sportsmen. They are I LAND. Boute 25. — Kildare, 223 held four times a year — in April, June, September, and October. 80 in. KM Rte. 26 , Kil- dara, M the ch. of the oaks," an im- portant junction, whence the line to flow, Kilkenny, and YVaterford is Yell Off The town {Hotel: Railway) has a venerable age, and con- tains sufficient to interest the an- [iiary. As early as the 5th centy. Bridg< t founded a monastery, of which Black Hugh, kins: of Lein- -t- r, who had donned the AugUB- tine habit, was abbot The history of Kildare from ii> commencement of the 18th centy. i- nothing but ;i series of raids, tires, and a, •• oa [ue ad nauseam," principally at the hands of Dai 1 Dative Irish. The bishopric, now united with the archbishopric of iblin, i tia' time of St. Bridget, and was always somewhat t i I icnation of est various times. The dio- the county of Dublin I the . iter part of Kildare, Ki ad Queen's Counties. The elf is small and poor, and, were it uot foi tin- h duster of aitiquit rould not be worth ing visit. tolerably close to the d consisi o abbey, the •ir of wl used aa a parochial Bound Tower, The cruciform in shape, con- f nave, choir, and transepts, pringing from the i — but of this "lily the part of the W. wall remains. - lighted by Early Point' I wl and in th<- choir ifl the till of the i arls of Kildan . \!j<»in- aecell known as the "' i ' where the Sen d — mp that shoiv in KOdfl li_ fonndi e burnt without intern siou from the i 13th, when it was extinguished by Henry de Londres, Archbishop <>t' Dublin. It was subsequently relighted, and continued so until the general sup- pression of monasteries ; — " Apud Ivildariam occurrit funis Sanctffl Bri- gidaa, quern inextinguibllem vocanl ; non quod exttngui non posslt, s<it Inextlnctus." — <;iraldus Comb. The round tower adjoins the eh., and is remarkable lor its --rent height of 1:50 ft., the summit being crowned with a modern and very inapposite battlement. The chief interest i in the doorway, which is II i'l. from the ground, and consists of '■'> con- centric arches, adorned with very beautiful chevron or zigzag mould* ings, and a diagonal panelling on the inner arch. From this unusual fea- ture, the age of this tower lias been set down as of the Anglo Norm, time; but Dr. Petrie contends that from the legends of Giraldus Cam- brensis atid others, this tower was considered to be of great age in the 12th centy., and while allowing the mouldings to be of Norman character, he only sees in this fact a proof that these ornaments are of considerably anterior date — at all events in Ire- land—to what they are usually con- sidered. A number of brae teate coins, or laminar pieces of silver struck only on one side, were found under the floor. As Bperlingrius and others nix- these coin a- 12th centy., tin- held to be :i proof Of the l:ii' erection of the tower; but on the oth< hand Dr. Petrie proves thai minted money was used in Erel md from very remote period— even at the time of the introduction of ( Jhrisl ianity. The visitor who ifl sufficiently in- terested in the discussion will find it : in Petries work on the ' Round i \ (tie, erected by I > \ < -i in the i;;th cent In the ch. are the sculptured shall .i mutilafe d <:: . : - i: . In- 224 "Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. teresting monuments of knights and ecclesiastics. To the S. of the town are scanty remains of an abbey, founded in the 13th centy. by De Yesci for the order of Grey Friars. From its open situation upon a ridge of hills, Kildare commands a wide- spread prospect, embracing on the W. a portion of the great central limestone plain of Ireland, in the direction of Monasterevan and Port- arlington ; while to the N. are the Red Hills — a small chain, about 7 m. long, of old red sandstone intervening between Kildare and Kathangan. The most conspicuous points are Hill of Allen, in the N.E., 676 ft. ; Dunmurry Hill, 769 ; and the Grange, on which is the Chair of Kildare, 744. But the geological structure of the Chair itself consists of a narrow bed of limestone associated with a protrusion of lower Silurian shales and grits, with porphyritic greenstone, from 400 to 1000 ft. thick ; the beds very much tilted and disturbed, and having suffered much from denudation prior to the deposition of the lower carb. lime- stone. Many Silurian fossils have been found here, viz., some from the limestone of the Chair, and others from the red slates of Dunmurry Hill — orthoceras, ilsenus, phacops, some gasteropodous shells, and corals. Distances : — Monasterevan, 6 J m. ; Kathangan, 6; the Chair, 4; the Camp, 3. Leaving on 1. the line to Carlow and Kilkenny, we arrive at (30 J m.j Monasterevan (Hotel: Drogheda Arms , a small town of one street, lying on the banks of the Barrow, which at this point makes a wide sweep from the S. to the W. to- wards Portarlington. The rlwy. crosses the Grand Canal and also the river by a fine viaduct 500 ft. long, constructed of thin bars of mal- leable iron. A monastery, founded on the ruins of a still more ancient house, was established by Dermod O'Dempsey, king of Ophaley, in the 12th centy. Upon the site of it now stands Moore Abbey, the Gothic re- sidence of the Marquis of Drogheda, whose beautiful woods extend for some distance on the banks of the island-covered Barrow. The entrance-hall is said to have been the room in which Loftus, Vis- count Ely, held a court of Chancerv in 1641. * The ch. of Monasterevan is a fine old building, with a square tower, a rather unusual feature in Irish modern churches, which almost al- ways have spires. Distances. — Portarlington, 5 m. ; Ballybrittas, 4. Still through the flat plain the line runs westward, keeping parallel with the canal and Barrow to 41 £ m. Port- arlington, the point of junction for the Athlonebranch. (Hotel : Portarlington Arms). The town, with its graceful spired ch., is some little distance to the rt. It formerly possessed the singular appellation of Cootletoodra. from which reproach it was rescued by becoming the property of Lord Arlington, temp. Charles II.. Until of late years there were a number of descendants, resident in the town, of French and Flemish refugees, who settled here at the beginning of the 16th centy. It is neat and well- built, and contains 2 churches — the one generally called the French ch., from its having been originally appropriated for the use of the refugees. The Barrow here sepa- rates Queen's from King's County. Amongst the residences in the neigh- bourhood of Portarlington are Bar- rowbank House (W. Humphreys, Esq.), Lawnsdown (J. Scott, Esq.), Woodbrook House (E. Chetwood, Esq.), and about 5 m. to the S. Emo, the splendid domain of the Earl of Portarlington, who takes his title from this town. The interior of the mansion is worth seeing, and is re- markable for its beautiful fittings and decorations. The antiquary should visit Lea Castle 2 m. to the E., situated i i v\n. Souti 25. — Mountmeflick — Tullam — — tween the river and the canal. In sequence of its central posri- i. and it- contiguity to the Pale, L - early defended by a strong r 98 - rected by De Veaci in 12 I . which underwent much rough treatment between the English lords 1 the Irish chiefs, " It was built in the usual Btyle of the military archi- h •tare o( the times, consisting of a tadrangular building i->( 3 stories, ■ I by round bastions, of which but 1 now remains. The outer entrance, which is still in good preservation, consisted of a gate d I nded by a portcullis, the whole surrounded by a tower. In the rear r ballium, in which ori and tilt-yard." — W m. The last inhabitant of 1 . noted horse-steaL 1 1 f the of I » mp •• y. who converted the alts underground into stables, and d on a flourishing trade. 8 me 4 m. to the B. of Lea on d from Monasterevan to M iryborough is BaUybrittas, a small vii . the locale of a battle in 1 zab ith's reign between the Earl army and the Irish under 0"D The latter were vic- and cut off so many feathi from tic English helmets, that the nrards called "the P Hill is conspicuous m Portarli t< >n, from an obelial ted \ I i mploy- r during reity. 1 > A: , . . fcfary- i _ : M (untmellick, 1 . 5 ; M 5. /. . — 1 1. M an. Bail 1 1 ! ilone. < [.1/ 11 but I'U y y Burrounded by the ri fcfout -•■ M Lick, "the gn en island.' 1 Quak have settled here, and. as they usually do, have contributed principally to the prosperity of the place. Near it are Knightstown Maj. Carden), Qarry- hinch House [\l. Warburton, Esq, . and Killeen.1 [The branch line to Athlone. con- necting the Great Southern with the Midland Great Western, passes for the greater part of its course through a very hare and desolate district, a good portion of il 1" ing included in the famous Bog of Aihn. A few word- respecting the [rish bogs will not be out of place. Mr, Moore divides them into n t moisture, temperature, and altitude. Red and brown bog are hast valu- able for fuel, and are supposed to have been formed on the Bites of ex- tensive lakes or wet mora—' - as infers from the small quantity ofwo< 1 found in it. Sphagnum con>iitu 1 a considerable portion of the sub- stance of the peat, and the roots and branches of the phanerogamic plants form a kind of framework, and bear up the cryptogamic Bpeci The black bog contains most woody m. ter, and i> believi d i<> have hi ■ formed on the site of ancient forests. dm. OeashiU Stat. The little town of thai name lies about 2£m. tort, and has some remains "t" a castle of I «»'l>. mpseys, who formerly held all this territory. ( h a-!. ill ( Sastle i> the f 'I'. Trench, Esq. 1 * ; tii. Tutlamort Pop, 1797 //<m the rock it is 2$ m. to Stradbally, a pleasant little town on tli- : ie, a tributary of tlie N< re. It is bounded on either Bide the parks of Btradbally B. Cosby, P . Brockley J. Young, Esq.), and Ballykilcavan A. Walsh, Esq. . tor may thence pursue his journey to Athy Rte. 26), 8 m. distant, may return to Mary- rough by a detour to the B., so as to the Round Tower of Timahoe, Lning some unusual and interest- tures. It derives its name T< aoh-Mochoe from St. Mochoe, who 1 in the Gth centy. About 30 ft. only remain, fortunately, how- aaing a very beautiful »rway, "formed of a hard silicious ing of 2 divi- d from each other by p rev< al, and presenting each compound r d arch, ting on plain 3, with flat ca- -. ' — J N fti.ee particularly ■ manni r in which the floor ric !i by steps, and then study ratio] eh. The capitals human beads, Iso the . with tl addition of an hourglass. T Bit ;i pellet and bead The b cond or middle •li is orated with human i, and r»n the SOffit with a di;i- Qelling of chevron moulding. ; he \\". and B. ca pi I dhTer in «y in which th< 96 d. 11 LUg the antiquity of th decorations, Dr. Petrie remarks "Of these capitals decorated with human heads we have examples as old as the 6th centy. in the Syriao MSB. of the Gospels. They are used in the earliest examples of Ro- manesque architecture in the German chs., of which a beautiful example, remarkable for its similarity in. design to seme of those at Tinialioe, is found at St. Ottmar's chapel at Nurnbe assigned to the lot 1 1 cen The archaeologist will recognize the sum- larity of the capitals to those at Rabin.] ( km veyancee from Maryborough. — Kail to Dublin and Cork; ear to Abheyhix and Durrow. Excursions. — 1. Eoek of Dunamase. 2. Timahoe. 3. Athy. Distances. — Stradbally, 6 m. ; Ab- beyleix, 0; Timahoe,?; Dunamase, 3J; Mountrath, 9£. GO m. Mountrath stat., the town being 2!, m. to rt., and situated on the Mountrath river, a tributary of the Nore. 2 m. to the S. is CasUe- ton, on the Nore, which obtained its name from a fortress garrisoned by Sir Oliver Norris, son-in-law oi the Earl of Ormond, to curb the power of the Fitzpatricfc In the neighbourhood are Westfield Farm (J. Trice, Esq. , andMoorfield Hon* R. Bi oior, Esq.). jeing the planted hill of Knock- ahaw, which forms pa"rl to of Liflduff Rt, lion. J. Fitzpatrick . the line reaches in. BaUybrophy, from whence a branch of 22 m. lea 'f to Roscrea, Parsonstown and Nenagh Rte. 27 • Near th.- stat. is JJaliy- brophy Hon A- the train glides on through the open plain we com.- in sighl the Devif'fl nit 1572 a singular chain of mountains nsir] • 3 1 mil- W. of Templemore, i exhibiting ;> v. ry marked gap at the summit, This is accounted for by 228 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. the fact that the Prince of Darkness, in a fit of hunger and fatigue, took a bite at the mountain, ana, not find- ing it to bis taste, spat it out again some miles to the E., where it formed the rock called nowadays the Rock of Cashel. 79 m. Templemore (Hotels : Queen's Arms ; Commercial), sup- posed to have originated, as its name implies, with the Knights Tem- plars. It is a pleasant town, and has thriven well under the auspices of the Carden family, whose resi- dence, the Priory (Sir John Carden), is hard by. In the grounds is a gable end of the old monastic ch., en- tered by a round-headed doorway and lighted by a Gothic 2-light window ; also the remains of a square keep of the ancient Templar fortress. The mansion is modern, and the grounds are very prettily ornamented by a fine sheet of water, and backed up in the distance by the picturesque range of the Devil's Bit. In the neighbourhood of the town are Belleville, Woodville (D.Webb, Esq. ), Lloydsborough (J. Lloyd, Esq .), and, under the range of the Devil's Bit, Barnane, the residence of John Carden, Esq. * Conveyances. — To Dublin and Cork by rail. Distances. — Nenagh, 20 m. ; Thurles, 8 ; Borrisoleigh, 6 ; Devil's Bit, \\. [Borrisoleigh, or Two-mile Borris, is a small town, with a ruined castle and fort; considering, however, the immense number of ruins in the county, it will scarcely repay a visit. Fishmoyne is the residence of ano- ther branch of the Carden family.] 81 in. 1. Loughmore, close to the rly., is the old castellated mansion of the Purcells, consisting of 2 mas- sive square towers, connected by an intermediate dwelling of the time of James I., which, together with the N. tower, would seem to have been an addition to the remainder. As the tourist journeys on through the great limestone plain he ob- tains beautiful distant views, if the weather be clear, of Slieve-na-man and the Conxmeragh Mountains in the W. A little further, on the same side of the line, is Brittas Castle, the modern Norm, mansion of Col. Knox ; soon after which he arrives at 87 m. Thurles (Hotel : Boyton's), sacred to every Roman Catholic as the seat of the Archbishopric, and the spot where the famous Synod was held. It is of no mo- dern extraction, but was famous as early as the 10th centy. for a great battle between the Danes and the Irish. (Pop. 4866). As the town in- creased and prospered, a castle was erected some time about the 12th centy., the keep of which, a fine old tower, guards the bridge across the Suir. Another fortress, as- cribed to the Templars, and part of an old monastery, existed in the town ; though, as regards ruins, it is mentioned that within the last 40 or 50 years there were the ruins of 7 castles in this single parish. Thurles abounds in colleges and schools, maintained by the agency of the Roman Catholics. The ca- thedral is a very handsome building, and has a good organ. Conveyances. — Car to Clonmel daily. To Kilkenny, through Ur- lingford, daily. Distances. — Cashel, 12 m. ; Urling- ford, 11 ; Holycross Abbey, 3J. [It is a charming drive to Holy- cross, the road being just sufficiently elevated to command a view over a prettily wooded country, with a background on the S.E. of the Slieve- naman and Waterford mountains, and on the N.W. of the Devil's Bit range. Crossing the rly. a second time, we approach the Suir as it runs lazily through its sedgy bank3 and arrive at Holycross, the most venerable abbey in the S., and per- haps in all Ireland. It is beautifully situated amidst a I LAND. 7?< uie 26. — Hotycro88 Abbey, thick prove of wood on the banks of the river, which kept the worthy monks well supplied with their fa- vourite diet "This place was dis- tinguished as tlu' site of a Cistercian - iv. founded in honour of the 1 ' >ly «•]• — . of which a portion is said to have been preserved here by I» raogh Oarbragh O'Brien, King of Limerick, who in 1182, endowed it with lands constituting an earldom, I conferring the title of Earls of Holy Gross upon its abbots, who re hanms of Parliament and usu- ally vicars-general of the Cistercian order in Ireland." — L< wis. Tic abb. v however was i ally found dby Donald O'Brien, the father ,i Carbragh. ■ • ruins are very extensive, and ►and in elaborate detail of such ature as to deserve very eful attention. The plan of the ch. was cruciform, consisting of nave with aial 3, choir, transepts, chapels, and a tower springing from the junc- n of the choir with nave. The nave parated from the X. aisle by round-headed, and from the S. by pointed arches, and is lig ted by an exquisite 6-light win- d <) ft. in advance of it, thus making the choir of great* r length by 1 I ft. than the nave, which is but 58 ft. long, the entire length of the ch. being 130 ft. This pecu- liarity appears, however, to be an afterthought and not the design of the original architect, which was evi- dently to limit as usual the length of the choir to the arch in front of the tower, and the second arch is un- questionably of more modern con- struction." — 1\ The roof of the steeple tower is also groined and supported by graceful pointed areh< The choir is lighted like the W. end by a 6-light window, the tracery of which should be particularly noticed. Tt contains an elaborate IVrp. monu- ment of the Countess of Desmond. This was usually considered to have been erected to Donagh Cabragh ( >'Brien, but the Btyle of the tomb which is about the close of the 14th century, or Trans. \\ rp., at once for- bid- the supposition ; and the arms between the croekets of the aivhe> are those of the bona a of ( )r- mond and 1 )< smond. This fact too will r< concile the anachronism of the i n ction of the abbey by the iresaid Donald in 1 182, \\ 1 whole style of tb<- abbey ie ;' hundn -I y< ars lato r. ( kra- pling thi- with the position of the Dab, viz.. on the it. of the high 230 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. altar, the place assigned to the builder, it would be reasonably as- sumed that Holy Cross was rebuilt in the time of, and very probably by, the same person to whom the tomb was erected. A staircase leads from the N". transept on the roof, and is protected by a stone balustrade. On this side of the ch. were the offices and abbot's residence. The tower may be ascended by means of this staircase. A large grass - covered court adjoins the N. aisle, and was entered from without by a gateway and also from the N. aisle by a Norm, arch, now blocked. The visitor will also notice on a wall outside the abbey precincts an inscription and coat of arms. 2J m. S. of Holycross is the wooded eminence of Killough, and at the foot of it the old tower of Killough Castle. Adjoining the abbey are Holy- cross House, and, on the opposite bank of the Suir, Graiguenoe House (C. Clarke, Esq .] Before arriving at GooldVCross stat. the line passes the vicinity of a perfect cluster of castles — Milltown, Clonyharp, Graigue, and Clogher — all within a mile of each other. " The district of Upper Ossory, which the line now intersects, appears to have been en- compassed with a continuous circuit of these castles, each communicating with and commanding those next it, so as to form a chain of defence round the territory." — Wakeman. 95 m. GoolcVs-Cross stat., from whence it is a drive of 5 m. to Gaslielt [passing ]J m. Longfield House, the residence of Chas. Bian- coni, Esq., to whose patient energy and foresight Ireland is more in- debted socially than to any living b ring. A short sketch of the won- derful manner in which this one man opened up seven- tenths of the country to civilization and commerce will be found in Introd., page xliv. 2£ m. a very pretty landscape opens out at Ardmayle, where the Suir is crossed. On the 1. are the ruins of the castellated residence of the Butlers. It afterwards passed into the hands of the Cootes, the last proprietor having been hanged by Cromwell on the capture of the castle. On 1. is Ardmayle House (R. Price, Esq.). As the road mounts the high ground, the singular Rock of Cashel, " the outpouring of the Devil," as far as the rock is concerned, though the very casket of sanctity as far as regards the buildings on it, appear conspicu* ously in the foreground. Cashel itself {Hotel : Corcoran's) is a dirty town grouped at the foot and at one side of the Rock, which rises steeply and even precipitously to the height of about 300 ft. (Pop. 4374.) The objects of interest are many and deeply interesting — they embrace : 1. the ecclesiastical buildings on the Rock ; 2. Hore Abbey below it; and 3. the Domi- nican Abbey in the town. The city of Cashel, as it is called by a charter of Charles I., dates from the early kings of Munster and the arrival of St. Declan, who in the time of St. Patrick founded a ch. here. It was an import- ant stronghold in those days, and was fortified bv Brian Boroimhe, although it was not until the 12th centy. that Cormac McCarthy, king of Desmond, built the chapel now known by his name. Henry II. in his Irish inva- sion received here the homage of Donald O'Brien, king of Limerick, the builder of the cathedral. Ed- ward Bruce also held a parliament on the Rock. The cathedral, how- ever, was burnt in 1495 by the fa- mous Earl of Kildare, who had a grudge against the Archbishop, and defended his conduct before the king on the ground that he would not have set fire to it if he had known the Archbishop was not inside the building. The seeming candour of this answer procured from the king his appointment to be Lord Lieu- tenant of Ireland. Having gained Ireland* BonJU 25. -Cashel— Cathedral. 231 tdnrission into the enclosure at the top of the R «k, the firsl objeel of in: ithedral, which I no western door, bul is entered on the B. by a pointed doorway and porch with groined arches. The ch. cruciform, with nave, transepts, choir, and a belfry, supported by beautiful Early Pointed arches, the clusfc red pillars of which arc all dis- orilar. Notice the sculpture on the capitals of the pillar-, both at the - and also of a small door- y on W. The nave is unusually >rt, but contains some interest- ing tnhih>. one of which is orna- d with curious Btucco-work, and another date 1574) with a good 1 canopy. The S. transepl is d by an B. E. 3-Kght window, oilar t<» that in the X., but with ddition of a rose window, which ►n of tlie middle arch. Is of these lights have been tilled up. - of sculptures in i on one i' the apostles, St. Catherine and John tie- Baptist, St. Michael St. Patrick, with shields of the B id Racket families; on the other St Bridget, the remaining 5 apostles, and the t evang \ fcypi- I by 1 * B. of the tr. 1 witli a 2-light window under one dri] - portion of I jiiiid altar in the centre. In chapel is t! copbagus of Kii _ ■ < :, a.d. ! $, ad above it i- a oruc fbrion, which was discovered 3h of the well. I i . incel is lighted by a lai EL window and some I lii* re alar aperture b betw< en the heads of these windows, differi en the X. and S, aid while all of them are quatrefoiled on itside. cammed t 1 ground- fluor ttli. drul we < lit- r th ful point d oh into Connac'fl Chap 1, at the hot preserved and most curious structure in the country ; combining the richest Norm, decoration witli the high stone roof. Amongst the peculiarities of this structure, are the absence of an original entrance door- way on the \\\ side (the present one being obviously of later date) : audits having botha northern and southern entrance : but the most remarkable a square tower at each side of the termination of the nave at the junction with the chancel, which thus gives the ch. a cruciform plan. These towers are of unequal height — that on the S. side, which wants it > roof, being about no ft. in height; while the other, includu its pyramidal roof is but 50 ft. The S. tower is ornamented with 8 projecting belts or bands, the lowest being but 3 ft. from the ground, and a projecting parapet, apparently of later erection. The northern tower is similarly ornamented with bands, but exhibits only G instead of 8. Tin- walls of the body of the ch. are decorated with blank arcades of iiicircular arches, arranged in 2 stories ; resembling very much the churches sculptured on tin.' marble fonts in Winchester Cathedral and in the neighbouring one of East Meon; and the lowest of th* incudes is carried round the 8, tower. — Petrie, On this same S, side is a very beautiful blocked doorway. It is circular headed, con* fanning 5 mouldings of the richest •in. >tyle, and showing on the lintel ti nlpture of an animal. "T.\c X. doorway, which was ob- viously the grand entrance, is of ,i. i- gjze, and i> considerably richer in ita decorations. It ha parate columns and one double column, supporting a very elaborate •h moulding, and containing in the tympanum I culpture of a itaur shooting at a lion, as it to ; .-mailer animal under the lion's tV. r." I . re are also 2 small* r doors, tl B. with an ornamented 232 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. architrave, and the N. with a chevron moulding. Internally the chapel is divided into chancel and naves, separated by a magnificent chancel arch, which can sis a singular effect from its not being quite in the centre. The roof is composed of semicircular arches " resting on square ribs, which spring from a series of massive semicolumns set at equal distances against the walls. The bases of these semicolumns are on a level with the capitals of the choir arch, the abacus of which is continued as a string-course round the building. The walls of both nave and chancel, beneath the string-course, are orna- mented with a row of semicircular arches, slightly recessed and enriched with chevron, billet, and other orna- ments and mouldings." — Waheman. There is this difference, that in the choir the arches spring from columns, but in the nave from square pilas- ters. These wall arcades are all decorated on their faces or soffits with zigzag mouldings, and the choir arch has one of its mouldings com- posed of heads. The columns are twisted in the quadrangular recess which serves for the altar, and which projects externally so as to create a third division. There are also 3 heads under the string-course occupying the blanks between the arches of the arcades. The archaeologist should Carefully study the divers ornaments and heads which cover the capitals both of the doorway and the ar- cades. There are two features which should not be omitted : 1. That the Chapel is not parallel with the cathe- dral, and that therefore its orientation differs ; 2. That above the nave and chancel, between the vaulted roof and the high stone roof, are apartments or crofts - that of the chancel being G ft. lower than the one over the nave. This latter contains a singular fireplace, with flues passing through the thickness of the wall. The croft at the E. end of the chancel is lighted by an unusual holed window. The visitor will now ascend the staircase from the belfry to the transepts in the thickness of the wall — the one in the N. leading to the round tower by a passage lighted by quatrefoiled windows. Here we arrive at the defensive por- tion of this ecclesiastic fortress, which could only be entered from the ch. ; but the doors in the staircase were protected by holes for the purpose of throwing molten lead.. The most ancient portion of the building is to be found in some offices above the W. end. Underneath is the cellar, surmounted by the refectory, and above that again is the dormitory. The round tower, at the E. angle of N. transept, built of freestone, is about 90 ft. high, and 56 ft. round, and is remarkable for the angular headed apertures formed of a single stone in the upper story. In the cemetery adjoining the cathedral is the Cross of Cashel raised on a rude pedestal, and sculp- tured on one side with an effigy of St. Patrick. Nor will the visitor leave the Rock of Cashel without drinking in the exquisite view that opens out in every quarter, embracing to the S. the rich scenes of the golden vale of Tipperary (more beautiful in its natural than its social features) backed up by the lofty ranges of the Galtee mountains, and more to the W. by Slieve-na-man and the Olonmel hills. Northward is the country around Thurles and Holy Cross, with the valley of the Suir and the Devil's Bit mountains in the distance. W. the dark masses of the Slieve Phelim mountains, between Cashel and Limerick ; while underneath lies the town grouped around the Rock, the ruins of Hore Abbey, and many a tower and ruined ch. II. — Of a similar date to the Cathe- dral on the Rock are the last-named ruins of Grey or Hore Abbey, founded LAND. Route 25. — Cashel — Ooity Mountains, - in 1272 by David M Cawell, Arch, of Cashel, and Lowed with the revenues of the id 8, whom he had expelled m the Rock. 1; is a cross ch, of lancet Btyle, with Borne later innovations. The i ve is Long, consisting of 5 bays and a deep respond, and possesses aisles, though the piers are singu- !y plain, being perfectly square, relieved only by a chamfer, and without any capital or impost mould- ings. It is Lighted by a clerestory with quatrefoil window-. As at Holycross, a wall cuts the nave in two, though for what reason ii- is difficult to deto rmu T choir is short, and posa sses a me remains of arcad( It is lighted by a triple Lancet win- with insertions in the 2 side s, the upper portion having been d up. Tin- roof of the inter- - ction ined, though not with any elaborate detail. On either side the choir were two chapels; only the arches leading to them exist on tl 5. side; but on the N. are r. : of the chapel, containing a piscina, and some traces of vaulting. '!'•• '; i this i> another chapi I. 1 with a pointed barrel vault, 1 fnrt a ;i rectangular build- :, probably tin- chapter houfi i'wo late windows are ed a1 the E2 end one ;i}«>\<- anotb r, usl have been once ;in upper floor, while two vault- ch angle, and the whole length, prove that this was not i lly tie- a T - in to bu riod portions were tie."— ( '. West. III. — T ' P iy [g 1 ruin situate d amidsi a in the town, ft indow of the 13th ity., which may I d t.. I m thi - from any oth< r Hacket's Abbey, I M tery, is occupied by the modern Ro- man Catholic ch. Conveyances from Cashel.- Car to Goold's Cross. Distances. — Tipperary, 12 m. : Goold's-Gross, 5; Holy-Cross, 8}; Fethard, 10.] At 99fm. Dundrum Stat., the line passes through some verj fine and thick woods, enclosed in the de- mesne of Dundrum Yisct. Ilawar- den), a handsome Grecian mansion on the 1. of the line. The traveller will have finished nearly two-thirds of his southward journey by the time he arrives at l<»7 m. Limerick Junction, the " Swindon "' of Ir< land, as far a- bustle goes, though not in luxury and ele- gance. Nevertheless, the hungry 11 voyageur " may obtain an excellent dinner in the quarter of an hour al- lowed for refreshments. A- the Waterford and Limerick line effects a junction here, all the trains to Duhlin, Cork, Waterford, and lame- rick start together, producing at stated times a busy scene. Distances. — Dublin, 107 m. ; Cork, 58; Mallow, 37; Limerick, 22; Wa- terford, 55 ; Tipperary, 3; Clonmel, 28. As the train continue- it- south- ernly course, the mosl conspicuous obj< cl is the Galty range, which em- braci - - >me of the highesl mountains in the B. of Ireland. In front, I Long hill of Slieve-na-muck, 12V6 Ft., extends Dearly E. and W., cut off by the Vale of Aherlow from the main ridge which ris< e \< ry stet ply, with deep clefts and gullies which are wi II seen from the rly. They extend far as ( llonmel, and their high points are Galtymore 3015 ft., and 2703ft The former indeed, the highesl eminence be- ! lUgnaquilla in < Sounty Wick- low, and the Killarney mountains in Kerry. They are formed geologically of old r< d sandstoni . vallej tin linn stone 1 1 i > the n. of ti • SI i. is Bally* 231 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. kistcen House, a well-planted and handsome seat of Lord Stanley. Passing on 1. Moorsfort House (C. Moore, Esq.), we arrive at 117 m. Knocldong, in the vicinity of which arc several ancient remains. On the hill adjoining the Stat, on 1. is the shell of a castle erected by the family of Hurley. From its position on Knocklong Hill a remarkably fine view is obtained. [A charming excursion may be made to Galbally, 6 m. from the stat., towards the Galtee mountains. Galbally is a finely-situated village on the Aherlow, a tributary of the Suir, mentioned before as cutting off Slieve-na-muck from the Galtees. This valley, being the only pass into Tipperary from the N". parts of Cork, was a constant bone of contention between rival chieftains, although the O'Briens and Fitzgeralds held it " vi et armis " for more than 300 years. Very near the village is Moor Abbey, the remains of a Fran- ciscan abbey, founded in the 13th centy. by Donagh Carbrngh O'Brien. It is of E. E. date, and is con- spicuous for the lofty tower rising from the body of the ch. Following the course of the Aherlow are some demesnes finely situated at the foot of the mountains, viz. Riversdale (H. Massy, Esq.) and Castlereagh.] 3 m. to the rt. is Hospital, formerly a locality of the Knights-Templars, which afterwards passed by gift of *Queen Eliz. to Sir Valentine Brown, who erected a fortress called Ken- mare. The hospital has passed away and the castle very nearly so, but in the ch. there is a figure of a knight in a niche of the chancel. A little to the E. is Emly, so far important that it was the seat of a bishopric prior to its incorporation with Cashed in 15G8. The see was one of the oldest in the county, having been founded by St. Ailbe, or Alibeus, in the 6th centy. Even before this it is mentioned by Ptolemy as " Im- lagh," one of the 3 powerful towns | in Ireland. In these modern days it has been principally remarkable for being the locale of a number of fac- tion fights between two parties call- ing themselves respectively " The Three-year " and " The Four-year Olds." Tipperary may, in the matter of buildings, be said to be the land of decay ; and nowhere will this be more forcibly brought before the traveller than at Kilmallock (anc. Cill Mocheal- logj {Inn : Sullivan's), 124 m., where nearly a whole town is marked with the desolation of nakedness. Although Kilmallock, or the "ch. by St. Molach," is known to have existed, and to have been im- portant, at an early date, it is not until the reign of Edw. III. that we find it received a charter, at which time it was surrounded en- tirely by fortifications and entered by 4 gates— St. John's, Water-gate, Ivy, and Blossoms-gate respectively. It would be tedious to recount all the sieges that the city underwent. It is sufficient to state that it was by order of Cromwell that the fortifica- tions were destroyed, from which date the place went to ruin. Kilmallock possesses sundry fea- tures over and above the usual de- fensive remains, as it was the resi- dence of many of the nobility and gentry who held their town houses within its walls, and it is this peculi- arity which imparts to the whole place such an aspect of fallen great- ness. A few Of these houses, dating from the time of James or Eliza- beth, still remain. "The plans are nearly all the same : they present 2 or more gable ends to the street, and are divided into 3 stories. The entrances, by spacious portals with semicircu- lar arches, open into small halls, which communicate with broad pas- sages that probably contained the stairs, whence there are doorways leading to the principal apartments. L VXD. J? uti 25. — Kilmallock. _ • >• ) Thr wii ■ of a Bquare form and - ;all m proportioD to the size of the . arc divided into compartments by one or more uprights, and some- times by a cross of stone." — Weld. T 2 mansions that still remain I to the Earl of Buckingham- - ire and the family of Godsall. Two of ti. gateways still exist, although one is used as a dwelling- house instead of a gateway, and through them pass the roads to limerick and Charleville. The lat- ter, formerly known as the Blossoms- . and a >m;dl portion of the walls, may Ik- traced connecting the 2 on ide of the town. The eh. of Sts, T< *< ;• and Paul stands within the id is partly used a.- a parish eh. I • ind s. tran- pt in mil 1 a choir -till used r service. The former is separated from an aisle by plain pointed arches from square pillars. The choir Sfhted by a 5-light lancet window. This cli. differs from chs. in the arram ment of the tower, which does not from the intersection, but is placed at the W. of the X. aisle, and is 1 1 j r round and of 2 stories, and -'■Ah d by narrow pointed windows. I • old Bound Towers, •• upper portion being of bit. r probably repaired when the ch. •iilt. [n the body of the ch. a the Fitzgerald, Vernon, I K lly rami) ho flourished principally in the 17th centy. A - iall river runs round Kilmal- lock I id YV. ad the ruin- of the Dominican prior] . ie 6n< -t in Id ided in the H< iy. 1.-. Gilbert, i Saley. a lofty square tpported by exta m< ly narrow rora the centre of the r-li., which ,<1 p >d detail E. le. 11 ren but it was I never of an oniain r, the ambulacrum having been formed out of timber." The choir is lighted by B really magnificent 5-lighl E.E. window of delicate and graceful design. It contains a canopied mural monu- ment, in which the moulding of the heads of the columns should he noticed. In addition to the E. window, the choir has (! Early Pointed windows on the S. Bide, The nave, of which the S. wall is destroyed, is lighted by a quatrefoil window inserted in a pointed arch. To the N. of the nave are the de- motic offices. The B. trans, had a window with tracery now blocked up) Bimilar to Holycross. It also contains a mural monument, the shafts of which arc ornamented with heads. The choir contains the broken tomb of the White Knights, "a title assumed hy a branch of the Fitz- geralds, or, as they are frequently called, the Geraldins, and, according to Camden, originating from the gri hairs of the founder of that line." — C. Cro]:er. The fortunes of the Desmond family, who owned more land and poss( — d more influence in Munster than any family b Or ai't* r them, are interwoven with the whole history Kilmallock, and indeed with that of the s. of Ere land, and have been the Bubjecl of many a tale from the wonderful address aial COUTag the hair-br< adth escapes, and the romantic career of many of members. Adjoining the town are Ashhill To 1 the residence of E. Eyre Evans, Esq. ; Mount Coo; < . Esq. i, and Ardvullen Hou I; v. d. ( iabbetl i, and aboul 1 m. distant, n< ar Kilfinnan, is Olanadfay I -tie, the ancient mm! of the Oliver family, hut now of Lord A-htown. sir ]]\ re < k>ote, i he con-* qu< H ler A li, wa itive holmallock; and I rd led Minor* British p 236 Route 25. — Dublin to Corlc. Ireland. Mount Blakency, about 2 in. on the Charleville road. Conveyances.— Car daily to Limer- ick. Car to Bruff and Kilfinane. Distances. — Bruree, 4 m. ; Bruff, 6; Charleville, 5. [The antiquary should make a visit from Kilmallock to Lough Gur, 10 in. ; passing through, 6 m., Bruff, another of the principal towns of the Geral lins. It is situated on the banks of a river with the poetical name of the Morning Star, and pos- sesses a good E. Eng. ch. with an octagonal spire. In the neighbour- hood are Camus (F. Bevan, Esq.), Bag- got stown House (J. Bouchier, Esq.), andKilballyowen (W. O'Grady, Esq.). 10 m. Lough Gur, a pretty lake, bounded by undulating shores, where, according to Irish belief, the last of the Desmonds is doomed to hold his court under its waters, from which he emerges at daybreak on the morn- ing of every 7th year fully armed. This has to be repeated until the silver shoes of his steed are worn out. A similar legend is told at Kil- larney of the O'Donoghue. Lough Gur is about 5 m. round, and, as it was the centre of the Desmonds' district, was guarded by 2 castles. One of them, a massive square tower, stands upon an island con- nected with the main land by a causeway. But by far the most in- teresting objects of Lough Gur are a number of early remains and circles, of which 100 are known to have existed within the memory of man. On the W. side are 3 stone circles, and near a ruined ch. on the shore is "Edward and Grace's Bed," an assemblage of rocks which had once formed a chamber, covered over with large flags. It was how- ever destroyed by treasure seekers after the death of an old woman who used to dwell in it. Near this is a cromlech, resting on 4 supports ; also Carrigalla Fort and 2 singular circular forts of very rude and large masonry. Many other of these primitive remains can also be traced in the neighbour] lood of the lake. The geologist should examine the limestone hill of Carrig-na-Nahin or Mass Eock, which is full of chasms.] 129 m. at Charleville a direct line diverges to Limerick, saving in the journey from Cork a distance of 19 m. In comparison with some other towns in this county, Charle- ville {Inn: Copley's) is modern, having been founded by the Earl of Ossory in 1621, and named out of com- pliment to the king ; it having been called before " by the heathenish name of Kathgogan." The Duke of Berwick dined here in 1690, and, as a delicate return for hospitality, ordered his men to burn it at his departure. Close to the town is Sanders Park, the seat of the Sanders family* [5 m. to the S.E. is Ardpatrick, with a few remains of an ancient monastery, said to have been founded by St. Patrick. There are also the stump of a round tower and a quad- rangular well, lined with stone. Sunville is the old residence of the Godsall family, who possessed one of the mansions in Kilmallock. About 2 m. to the E. of Ardpatrick is Kil- finane, famed for the big rath out- side the town. It is " 130 ft. high, 50 ft. in di- ameter at the base, and 20 ft. at the summit, encircled by 7 earthen ramparts about 20 ft. apart, gradually diminishing in height from the inner to the outermost, which is 10 ft. high and 2000 ft in circumference." — Wakeman. As the rly. continues its course southward, a considerable range of mountains approach very closely on the 1., being in fact an outlying continuation of the Galtees, " which are here succeeded by a lower chain, generally known as the Castle Oliver Mountains, that form the striking boundary of the plain as far as the village of Kilfinane, whence its ; : \.\n. Route *2.*). — Bidtcranf. 237 southerly Limits are continued by the Ballyhoura hills to Mallow." — Fivuer, Poll wing down the ?alley of the Awbeg, and passing 1. Velvetstown II use, v A' arrive at 137} m. Butte- vant, at one time famed for eccle- 3tio and now for its military cupantB. The river Awbeg, which by the way is known for its lino trout, is celebrated by Spenser under the name of the Mullah or Mole : — Mulla. the daughter of OKI Mole bo bright, I nymph which of that watercourse 1 it, springing out of Mole, doth run do* aright I Bottevant, where spreading forth at large I- _ eth name unto that ancient city -mullah cleeped is of old, mines breed great ruth which it from afar behold." Spenser. PI is parish was anciently called B I on, and is said to have derived it- present name from the exclama- 'Boutez en avant' (Push for- w rd), used by David de Barry, its t<» animate his men in 'lit -t with the M'Carthys, which ruently adopted as the lily it >f the Earls of Barry- more, wl <• derived their title of m this place." — /.' w 'i T3 d contaihs many interest- s, of which the chief is n abbey, founded, or 1 only, by Dai id I >_ I '. nt the close of the' 13th [1 sists of a nave and r having fallen • • r L818. The W, end d by ;i pointed doorway, and d by 2-light windows, with .;■]" r portions M< ck< d up. In I I ano- pi • - and a ?ery singular t twi-P d Coluj ad the N. wall the choir arch oi '. ■■ r. lie I • left. I • choir is 8 by .i Pointed windows, deeply splayed In- ternally. The middle one lias some delicate tracery. The E. window 3 lights is of unusual pattern. Attached to the S. of the nave is a beautiful chapel to the Virgin Mary, containing tombs of the Barrys, Fitzgeralds, and ButL ra " The chancel being built on a steep bank of the Awbeg, is raised to the level of the nave by 3 crypts or vaults, the middle of which is sup- ported by a single pillar, so con- structed as to resemble 4, with fanciful and well-wrought capitals." Groker. A portion of adjoining towci- en cted by one of the 1). b- monds for the protect ion of the al b is incorporated with the modt rn Roman Catholic chapel, a hands* me cruciform building with a Bquare tower rising from the centre. Buttevanl castle is now modern- ized, and a residence of Lord Done- raile. It was originally called John's Castle, and formed a corner build i; at an angle of the wall. The view down the Awbeg, including Wig spire of the cli., which is within the grounds, is very charming, and t i tourist should not omit to stroll as far as the bridge, nearly opposite which ar«' BOme ruins of the old abbey of Ballybeg. There i.-> also in the town a Bquare tower, thai formerly belonged to a 1«' of the Lombards. The modern buildings of Butte- vant are the barracks, which will rcely interest the visitor.} Distances.— Mallow, 7'. m.; Done- raile, \\\ Kilcolman, 6 ; Liscarroll, 7. [Following the course of I Awbeg, which eventually fells into the Blackwater, we arrive ;it I h,,u rati mall pretty town red h nt of association with KSdm - r, who had ;i pal l the neighbourhood, which was p \ from his Bon by Sir William St. 1 . l ' Rfunsti ' ign of ( I. In Lord D adjoining the 238 Route 25. — Dublin to Cork. Ireland. town, the timber is very fine, and the ilex is especially worthy of notice. Kileolman, the residence of the poet, is about 3 rn. to the N. of Doneraile, a little to the 1. of the road to Charleville. It consists of a single ivy- covered tower, on the margin of a small lake, and, it must be confessed, overlooking an ex- tremely dreary tract of country. To the N. of Kileolman is Ball- nivonear, the seat of J. Barry, Esq. ; and immediately behind are the Caroline and Carker mountains, 1188 ft. Close to Doneraile are — Doneraile House (Lord Doneraile), Kilbrack, and Creagh Castle (G. Brasier Creagh, Esq.), in the grounds of which is the ancient tower of Creagh.] A car runs from Doneraile to Mallow. [7 m. to W. of Butte vant are the ruins of Liscarroll Castle, built in all probability soon after the Norman invasion. It is a massive square building, 240 ft. in length, flanked by 2 square and 4 round towers of great strength.] A charming landscape opens out as the line approaches, 145 m., Mallow {Hotel : Queen's Arms), a pretty English-looking town, seated on the banks of the Blackwater, beautifully wooded and besprinkled with many a pleasant villa. Mal- low was once fashionable, attract- ing visitors partly by its scenery and more by its spa ; but the usual caprice which attends watering- places has long since robbed it of its hypochondriacs and valetudina- rians. The castle is situated near the E. end of the town and on the bank of the river. It is the modern Elizabethan residence of Sir D. Nor- reys, and in the grounds is the square tower of the old fortress. The streets have houses with projecting bay win- dow- which give a quaint and old- fashioned look to the place. The residences in the immediate ighbourhood are numerous, and include, in addition to the castle — Bearforest, (J. A. Shiel, Esq.), Bally- ellis (K. Brasier, Esq.), Rockforest (Sir J. Cotter, Bart.), Bally garrett (W. Creagh, Esq.). Two important junctions occur at this stat. ; on the 1. to Fermoy, and on the rt. to Killarney and Tralee. (Rte. 31.) The fishing on the Blackwater is notoriously good, although after a flood the river becomes very dirty, and takes a long time to clear. The flies are large and gaudy. Conveyances. — Rail to Dublin, Cork, Fermoy, Killarney. Car to Killarney and Tralee, through Castle Island ; car to Doneraile. Distances. — Cork, 11m.; Blarney, 5 ; Kanturk, 12 ; Fermoy, 17 ; Dro- maneen, 5. Excursions. 1. Fermoy, Mitchelstown. 2. Dromaneen. 3. Abbey Morne and Blarney. 4. Buttevant and Doneraile. From hence the line passes down the valley of the Clydagh, leaving on rt. Dromore House (A. Newman, Esq.). 149 1 m. on 1. is Abbey Morne, once a preceptory of the Knights Templars, and a walled town temp. Edw. III. There is nothing very remarkable in the ch., which appears to have been defended by strong bastions. On the opposite side of the river is Castle Bassett, a tower belonging to a fortress built by the Bassetts. Soon the stream of the Martin shows itself, becoming more picturesque and wooded as we ap- proach 1(30 m. Blarney, where it falls into the river of the same name amidst very charming scenery. Blarney Castle is nearly 1J m. from the stat., and the most conve- nient way of visiting it is to take a car direct from Cork. It was built in the 15th centy. by the McCarthys, who were themselves de- scended from the kings of Munster, i I.VNP. Route 26, — Dublin to Waterford, 239 .iml it underwent much rough treat- incut and many vicissitudes, not the Least singular of which is its being annually visit* d by thousands, at- tracted not bo much by the charm- ing sc< nery in which it is placid as the reputation it has gained for flat- tery and soft speeches. As regards the former, who has not heard of ■ I he proves of Blarney Tt, charming Down by the purling Of sweet silent streams " ? Tin- main feature of Blarney Castle i square tower with a battlement an 1 machicolations; and below the oe, which, when kissed, [former with wonder- i. The difficulty a danger of reaching this hat another Blarney ibstituted on the 1 1 r, w hi h, if the visitor beliei the guid< - pial power. •oik- there i ver k\- i •it 'l - may elan. I - an her, e a member Of Parliament" II vii _ . ihausted the castle and I in the groves, bo well ilation tie the f wi o» d b ttter pro- idy-made dungeon ; TUgb, occunin do ii nation, they need nol sted witli any Bupern • 1 1 1 I • tourisl will find I*. d 1 i 1 1 1 * - inn, Turkish 1 Irish guides, who for M ■ A the rail to tii' outskirts of Cork ■ ■ long limestone tunnel into the centre of the southern metropolis HoteU: Imperial, first-rate ; Vic- toria, pretty good. ftOUTE 26. FROM DUBLIN to CARLOW, KIL- KENNY, AND WATERFORD, BY RAIL. From Dublin to Kilkenny the tourisl travels by the Great Southern and Western Rly. as for as Kildare (30 m.) (lite 25), the Carlow line at this point branching to the S. and running down the valley of the Barrow. ;'.'; m. 1. the old tower and modern demesne of Kildangan Castle Moore OTVrrall. Esq.), while about 2 m. on 1. are Monasterevan and the woods of Moore Abbey, the noble scat of the Marquess of Drogheda (p. 224). The general features of the country through which we are now passing are low, wet, and boggy, the land lying very little above the level of the Barrow. Passing rt. Bert Hall (late Lord Dowries) and Kilberty, the towers of 45 in. Athy soon come in sight (Hotel: Leinster Arms . It was in early times a place of importance a neutral ground between the ter- ritories of Leiz and ('.Milan, which ae .! matter of course were always at operate fend, and struggled hard witli each other for possession of Athy or Ath-1< g r, "the lord to- wards the w< Subsequent to the 1 1 tglish invasion the I> ids Justi yarded it with equal jealousy, from it- being on the frontier of i , Kildare Marches, and a castle, now calied White's ( rd- in_ for if- d( fence I Fitzgerald Earl of Kildare, at tl commencement of the 1 1th cut. i i- ,i iiit — i%. iii- battled building, flanked at • : by a Bmall square tut o 1 the bri 240 Haute 26. — Dublin to Water ford. Ireland, the Barrow. This bridge bears the curious name of Crom-a-boo, from the ancient war-cry of the Fitz- geralds, and is in itself worth no- tice. A little distance to the N. of the town by the river-side is another - [uare fortress, called Woodstock Castle, which, although usually ascribed to the Earl of Pembroke, is considered, with more probability, to have been built in the 13th cent, by an Earl of Kildare, who received the manor of Woodstock by marriage with the daughter of Q'Moore of Leix. It is remarkable for the thick- ness of its walls, its square mul- lioned windows, and a round-headed gateway adjoining the tower. For- merly a monastery existed for Crouched Friars and another for Do- minicans, both established in the 13th cent; There are also the remains of Preston" s Gate leading into the town. A thy is a well-built little place, and is, jointly with Naas, the assize town of Co. Kildare. Its situation in the middle of a rich plain, together with facilities of water and land carriage, commands for it a large agricultural business. A branch of the Grand Canal from Monasterevan here joins the Barrow, forming the commence- ment of the Barrow navigation, by which water communication is main- tained between Athy, Carlow, Ba- genalstown, B orris, New Koss, and the sea. Excursions. — 1. Kilberry. 2. Moat of Ardscull. [1. From Athy to Kilberry, 3 m. to the N., between the rly. and the river, and near. Lord Downes' seat at Bert. On this spot 2 strong castles and an abbey formerly stood, of the latter of which there are slight ruins ; and on the other side of the river is Rheban Castle (Righ-ban), " the House of the King," one of the fortresses of Richard de St. Michael (the same who founded the monastery for Crouched Friars in Athy). But it is probable that he only enlarged or rebuilt it, as not only the name appears to be of an early date, but it is even men- tioned by Ptolemy as an inland town of some note. 2. The Moat of Ardscull, 3| m. on the road to Kilcullen, is a high mound (now planted), supposed to have been raised to commemorate a desperate battle in the 3rd cent, be- tween the men of S. Leinster and those of Munster. About 2 m. to the E., by a cross-road, is another historical spot, the Rath of Mullagh- mast (Mullach-Mastean), "the Hill of Decapitation." It was formerly known as " the Carmen," where, on 16 conical mounds, as many of the elders of the province of Leinster held their councils ; but it derived its other name "in consequence of the act of some English adventurers in the 16th cent., who, being re- sisted in their encroachments by some of the Irish chieftains, invited the latter to a conference on New Year's Day, fell upon them unawares, and slew them." — Lewis. In consequence of the anathematization of Carmen the place of assembly was removed to the rath at Naas. Visible in the W. is the tower of Inch Castle, one of King John's fortresses, which was the locale of a severe engagement in 1642 between the armies of Or- mond and MountgarrettJ Conveyances. — Rail to Dublin and Kilkenny. Car to Baltinglass. Car to Ballitore. Distances. — Stradbally, 8 m. ; Car- low, 11 ; Timahoe Round Tower, 10 (Rte. 25) ; Ardscull, 3£. 48 m. on the W. bank of the Barrow is Kilmoroney House (Rev. F. S. Trench). 51 ni. Mageney Stat., [3| m. on rt. is Kilkea, an interesting modern- ised Anglo-Norm, castle, originally built by De Lacy in 1180, and subse- quently rebuilt by one of the Fitz- geralds. It was again added to by | Mr. Caulfield, who held it for a time \r>. Route 26.— Carlow. 241 s i its reverting to the hands its ancient po£ family of Kildare. The interior contains q oak staircase and Borne baa on subjects connected with the Kildare family. A li; Y.E., on the road Ballitoi Moone Abbey (F. Carroll. Esq.), where another castle is incorporated with the dwelling- indTimolin, celebrated for its ►nastery, Pounded in the 7th cent, by St. Moling. From hence it is • the little Quaker town of BallitoreJ 8 ox rt. Castle Dermoi accord- me, obtained its name St D rmot, who founded ry in 500, though oih< rs be- I" have b M 11 fcl] ; ' > B •!.']•. r that may be, it is certain that I me fine remain.- :— J. A i and tower, slender and tall, a more rn ch., and' id to have been erected in the 9th it. by th< ' preus. • Franciscan m ry founded at the beginning of the lith cent, by Thomas, Lord of Offal, y. This i have been a fine 1» •• building. It was cruciform, the - tna r windows, ai X. trans pi beit \ in. H< window; having I arch filled with a lai cu il, and • pandrils on il. 3. ' date with I :ulptur< d f which the only oi d- i xhibits a r atation i f I in th ich arm. *« A N arch with d oth uldings, all t I U i ,.],. built I i . * I 1 ( ' ': Park; 1 :' II. I : M !'.. :. :; • 56 m. ( • (ana C chl [Ireland.] [Hotel: CHub-l lerable), bri and cheerful-looking, containing the usual accompaniments of a county and assize town, such as con house, gaol, lunatic asylum, in- firmary, and the Like. (Pop. 834 . The former is built with a I portico after the model of the Par- thenon at Athens, and has an effective-looking front. The P - testanl Gh. is remarkable for its lot spire, although it is surpassed b R. Oath. Cathedral, which has a I - tern tower 151 ft.hi-h spring] a ■• loaded with ornamentation. Id the interior i d monument to the memory of B yle by Hogan, an Irish sculpl wh se studio is at Rome. The sub- J (,, .' tri effigy of the Bisln p, with prostrate Inland weeping by his side. Adjoining the ch. is a college for E. C. students, a hand- some building, consisting of a centre and 2 wings, in a shady and pleasant park overlooking the river Barrow which — "Though deep, yet clear; though gentle yet not dull; Strong without rage; without o'erflowing flows merrily through the town, and pasi the ruins of Oarlow Castle, access to which is obtained through the kite] rden of a grocer to the bridge. It is ascrih I King J«,hn, and must have formerly • ry massive building : it was apparently rectangular, with dn tow< rs at each corner; now oi the W t bee of wall with the flank- ing towers remain, a state of decay partly owing to the efl! cts of tn. and hard u it haying sustain I 3 hand of i E. Poynings in 1 i:»j, anoth r ! the insurg< ots in 164 I. and ! by the \i> publican army nn 31 212 Route 26. — Dublin to Waterford. Ireland. powder with a view to diminish the thickness of the wall, did it so effectually as to knock down a good part of it altogether. Conveyances. — By rail to Kilkenny and Dublin. Car to Tullow. Distances. — Kilkenny, 25 m. ; Athy, 11; Castle Corner, 13; Killeshin, 3. [An excursion to this latter place should not be omitted by the eccle- siologist, who will find in the old ch. a most unique specimen of carv ing. The road from Carlow crosses the Wellington Bridge, connecting it with the populous suburb of Grague. Very soon after leaving the Barrow the road begins to rise as it approaches the ridge of limestone hills which begirdle the great Lein- ster coal-field, the most important coal-basin in Ireland. At Killeshin it pierces this girdle, at a spot known as the " Cat of Killeshin," where for nearly a mile it is carried through a pass varying from 10 to 40 ft. in depth, and only a few feet wide. The elate of Killeshin Ch. is in all probability considerably anterior to the Norm, invasion, although the Norm, decorations so plentifully la- vished would appear to make it of that particular era, but we have already seen at the round towers of Kildare and Timahoe (Bte. 25) that this style is frequently found in Ire- land very much earlier than the Norm. era. " The 4 concentric arches which form the doorway of Killeshin display a great variety of ornamental detail, consisting of chevron work, animals, &c. A pediment surrounds the external arch, and a window on the S. side wall is canopied by a broad band ascending and converg- ing in straight lines."- — Wakeman. Round the abacus an Irish in- scription formerly extended, but this has been nearly obliterated by time, and the zealous efforts of a resident who, we are credibly informed, de- voted a good deal of labour towards destroying it. The visitor should particularly notice the heads on the capitals, which, in the arrangement of the hair, resemble those at Tima- hoe. There is also a very ancient font in the graveyard, of a bulbous form, with the base cut into an octagon. Continuing towards Castlecomer, the road at length attains the summit of the table-land that forms the Leinster coal-field. The average height of the E. side is about 1000 ft., and the highest point is a little to the S. of this at Clogrenan, from whence the views over the Wicklow Mountains are extremely fine, Lugnaquilla occupying a pro- minent place in the centre. The valley of the Barrow consists of the calp or middle limestone measures resting on the granite without any old reel or silurian intervening. Over- lying the limestone, at a height of about 250 ft. above the sea, are the coal-measures, which form, there- fore, the greater portion of this ridge of hills. Their geology is ex- plained more at length in Intro '. (p. xxvi), although it may be briefly stated here that the general section of the Castlecomer fields shows a series of 6 beds of coal, altogether occupying a thickness of 1850 ft. The most interesting colliery for the fossil collector is Bilboa, about 2 m. W. of Cloghrenan. Here, in ad- dition to many typical coal-ferns and sigillaria, have been found two new Crustacea related to the Limulus, or King crab, and named Bellinurus regius and B. arcuatus. 11 ni. Castlecomer is a small colliery town, situated on the river Dinin, and on the W. side of the basin; and contains nothing of in- terest, except a new B,oman Catholic chapel of good design] The remainder of the line to Kil- kenny belongs to the Irish South Eastern Co., but is worked by the Great Southern and Western Co., who receive 5000?. per annum ft>i Ir; Soui 26.—OMLeigMin—Bom8. 1 &»*] the Burreen -till follow ti the lly Barow," in view of the hills comer coal-basin, and ane of 01< grenan | II. B ', Esq.), while fco the S.E. are caught of that noble nr if mountains K tween Be » i and Enniscorthy, in which L inster and Blackstaira are tin- most prominent point 60 in. Milf !. In the villi f the river is a perf y of flour-mills, which, her ith Milfl rd House, belong to J. A] and- r, I'- ll. 1 m. is !.■ gUi A. I -ghKonn t divide,! int nsbytl B rrow, whichi ied 3,buil( by Maurice :' Kildare, and in I y a fun as 1 ridge-architect, by whom i at Kilcullen and St. Wnl-; •,. erect* r the of th jtery which . the for of I)} ' - built on the E. bank of • John de Clavillo, in the 12 1 U left it would C truot- in the u-n,A : - v irmar i of sur- An old 1 - fthe W. wall { * - , by the v. 1 t. of r P 'I ra 7 1 I I ' ' ad I 1 in build- s latter rebuiH by Bishop Saunders in 1527. In the interior are some moi nionls of the time of the 16th cent.] 66 m, BagendUtovm, with its gra ( ful spire looks very pretty as we i proach it, but the town contai nothing whatever to interesi the vi- sitor, being, in fact, quite a modern place. It is rather an important junc- tion '(^' the Irish South-Eastern and the Wexford lines. The latter rly. is only at j t completed to Bally* william, 5 m. fr< m New R< ss, and "it is extremely doubtful wh< ther it will ever [ rther, until the i prospects of the company are a lit; brighter. 2 m. W. are the ruins of Bally- "ii Oastle, the walls of which form a iarg< quadrai formerly surrounded by a moat. On the X. and S. are 2 square tow< i at strength, the average thickm the walls being not loss than It is probably one of the earJii Anglo-Norman fortn . [To Bal- lywilliam the lino runs down tho vale of the Barrow, passing on it. ! the ruins of Ballyloughan, a f drtri the Kavanaghs, whose'distriet we ow out. ring. In form it is a square, entered by a point* d way flanked by drum towers - eitl le. i. Borris, an < xtremely pn fly vill . shaded by the wo ds o B ■ } the beautiful r , f Arthur Kavanagh, Esq.,tl !"•' sental v< i I the MacMn I lino of i In insi r, " Donald B : | av i] been a natural son of M u, I King of Leinster, wi and authority ho grabs* quentl; sunn The n< \g] b rarhood is v. [U( . and embn of Mount Leinster and Slacks! i" ti,. rly. on 21 m h "■ • R 28). ! ] ii 2 244 Route 2G. — Dublin to Water ford. Ireland. line turns off to the S.W., crossing the Barrow, and passing rt. Sliankill Castle (J. Aylward. Esq.)- Good views of Mt. Leinster, Blackstairs, and Mt. Brandon accompany us on the 1. 74 m. Gowran stat. Adjoining the village 1 m. rt. is Gowran Castle, a seat of Lord Clifden. At 78 m. a junction is effected with the Waterford line, and the 2 rlys. enter side by side the remarkable old city of Kilkenny (anc. Cill-chain- nigh) (Ete. 27) {Hotels: Club-house, good ; Imperial), which, in interest- ing remains, associations, and situa- tion, is surpassed by very few cities in the kingdom. (Pop. 14,174). In the 12th cent. Strongbow made it his head-quarters, although he was temporarily dispossessed of it by Do- nald O'Brien, King of Thomond ; but towards the end of the cent, the former was succeeded by William le Mareschal, who built the castle, and established a government over one portion of the town, the other part r still called Irish- town) being under the control of the Bishop of Ossory. Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, by marriage with Le Mareschal' s daughter, obtained the co. of Kilkenny, which passed again by marriage to Hugh le Spen- cer, from whom it was purchased by James Butler, 3rd Earl of Ormonde. Thus it was that the great family of Ormonde became possessed of Kil- kenny. Several Parliaments have been held here at different times— the first in 1294, the last in 1536 ; and it played a notorious part in the parliamentary war, when the garrison, having suf- fered terribly from the plague, was obliged to surrender the city to Crom- well. Its situation is charming — " The stubborne Newre, whose waters gray, By fair Kilkenny and Rosseponte boord,'' runs through the town from N. to S., dividing it into 2 unequal portions, of which the W. contains the castle and all the principal streets. The cathedral is in Jrishtown, which is separated from the main portion by a little stream called the Breagh. Two bridges cross the Nore — the one with a handsome balustrade is called St. John's Bridge, and from it is obtained a very beautiful view of the river front of the castle. Green Bridge connects Irish town with the opposite bank. The castle occupies an elevated site overlooking the Nore, and though originally built by Strongbow, aud added to by Le Mareschal, has since then been so repeatedly altered and added to, that only 2 or 3 of the ori- ginal towers are left. The latest im- provements by the present Marquis have in effect amounted to a rebuild- ing, and as it now stands it is a fine baronial building, forming two sides of a quadrangle. The grounds are well laid out, but are limited in space. The interior contains some splendid suites of rooms, a picture- gallery full of family portraits of the Butlers, the original picture of the family of Charles I., by Vandyke, and some interesting tapestry, t;.e manufacture of which was intr )- duced into Kilkenny in the loth cent, by Piers Earl of Ormond. For this purpose he brought seve- ral workmen from Flanders ; but fur- ther than supplying the wants of the castle, nothing of any permanence was done. The present building is from the designs of Mr. Robertson, of Kil- kenny. There is a very pleasant walk along the banks of the Nore immediately under the castle. The cathedral of St. Canice, in Irishtown, is the gem of Kilkenny an- tiquities. Although not situated in the best part of the town, it is on such high ground, and so shaded by trees, as to be in no way influenced by it ; and, with the exception of Armagh, there is no cathedral in Ireland so well kept. Nor is this all, for the close proximity of a lofty round tower imparts the effect of additional an- Ireland. 22 mte 26. — Kilkenny, O { M ti [uity bo the whole building, and untarily carriea back the mind to iriy ecclesiastical days of the 6 th a: 1 Ti ,i centuries, The date of St. Canice, however, is pi ! at 1 180, the founda- - having been laid in that year by r ilix O'Dullarny, Bishop of Ossory. built the choir, the remainder of the ch. nol being completed till LOO ber. Subsequently Bishop Ledred beautified it, and added a Lgnificent stained glass E. window, - not likely to escape the b 'lit ion of Cromwell's Pococke, in the last cent., athedral to something like its | nty, replacing I - as they were formerly, Uling a window over the w. door of the stained glass t'nnn window. It is said that P - Nuncio thought so highly it th.it he offered Too/, for it ; but though a large sum for th< a, w] . was in abey- - refds It is a cruciform ch., from the centre of which a wry low and luas- • >wer. [ts Length from B. to W. : i ft., and the breadth of the Externally the m • things are the tower, the aent with which the walls of ry and the transepts are and tl oil win- - by which the former is lighted. rch, and a P - i it i ful w. door, with 2 id- 1 mpartmei the l of tl upied by !. [mmediately above it quatrefoil windows at e K. window. I !y. tl ■ pointed arc! i i r, which I single point, spreading on( in many strings or beads until they all meel in the c(Mil re, forming a verj strong and beautiful arch." This arch was built by Bishop Hacket, in the loth cent. The transepts are lighted by E, E. windows, and both of them .have chapels attached. The N. trans, is the parish eh., and contains the chair Of St. Kieran, who is said to have pre- L St. Patrick by 30 year- Th< is also a fine E. Eng. \V. window, be* neath which, and over the door, is :i double trefoil-headed recess under a pointed arch. The worst part of the cathedral is the choir, which is disfigured by a trashy cornice. Amongsl the tombs are that of Bishop David; Bishop Walsh, as- sassinated by one James Dollond, who stabbed the prelate in the heart with a skein ; Bishop Pococke, whose pride was ever to adorn the cathedral and to do good to the town ; Peter Butler, Earl of Ormonde, and Margaret - wife, temp. 1539 ; and John G race, Baron of Courtstown, 1568. Adjoining the S. transept is the round tower, IDS ft, high, and 47 in circumference at the base. The en- trance faces the S., and is about 8 i't. from the ground. It has some fea- tures unlike the general arrangement, of the round towers, one of which the width of the window There are 5 Bquare openings, placed obliquely between the a id sum- mit, in addition to 6 windows al fl summit, t e Dumber usually l»< i> limited to I. " Thedrcumference at top ictly filled byan arch which, to the b m ath, presents the ap- pearance of a large millstone." The antiquary who wishes to study B • more fully si ould consult Khaustive tx on it by the B - . I >)•. ( (raves and Mr. Prim, from the cathedra] e ruins of the Franciscan monastery, f which is b brewi i hcourt it -till i \ v. ry delical 7-light 21G Route 26. — Dublin to Watcrford. Ireland. windowj and a graceful tower resting on groined arches. J Wore leaving Irishtown the visitor should inspect the Dominican or Black Abbey, which is now used as a R. Catholic chapel. This also is a Dec building, cruciform, with a cen- tral towei-, finished off with gra- duated battlements. The E. window is of 5 lights, of remarkably beautiful design, as are also the windows of the choir on the N. side. The parish ch. of St. John, on the E. bank of the Nore, was formerly the hospital of St. John, and founded by William Earl of Pembroke in 1220. Agreeably to the law of mu- tations which appears to govern Kil- kenny ecclesiastical ruins, St. John's was turned into a barrack before being again appropriated to its rightful use. It w 7 as noted for the extreme number and beauty of its windows, which obtained for it the name of the Lantern of Ireland. Some of these windows are blocked, though their mouldings are visible exter- nally. The choir is still in ruins. Notice the machicolations under the battlements of the tower, an unusual feature in Irish chs. St. Mary's ch. should be visited for the sake of the monument to Sir Ilichard Shee, temp. 1608, with its 10 sculptured figures at the base. There is also one to his brother, Elias Shee, of whom Holinshed wrote that he was "a pleasant-conceited companion, full of mirth, without gall." For modern ecclesiastical build- ings the tourist should inspect the new Ii. Catholic chapel, which, with its noble tower of gray limestone, is a most conspicuous feature in all views of the city. It is by far the finest and best designed building of the kind in Ireland, being a cruci- form ch. with a lofty apse. All the details are worked out with a taste which the architects of R. Catholic bpels seldom show in this country. The house in which the Confederate Catholics held a parliament in 1642, and where the old oak table and chair of the Speaker were for a long time preserved, is now unfortunately pulled down. The Court-house, which has a singular cupola like a lighthouse, is still called "Grace's Old Castle," from its standing on the site of an old castle built by Grace, or Le Gras, whose tomb is in the cathedral. Kilkenny bears an honourable name in the annals of education, the insti- tutions for which are numerous and good. First and foremost is the col- lege originally founded by Pierce Butler, Earl of Ormonde, and subse- quently made a royal college by King James. Swift, Congreve, and Far- quhar received their education here, and it has always taken rank amongst the most celebrated grammar-schools of Ireland. The Roman Catholic College, near the Clonmel road, is a modern Gothic building, and is dedicated to St. Kvran. In addition to these, there are gaol, infirmary, lunatic asylum, alms- houses, and the usual buildings be- longing to a county town. Owing to the neighbouring geological forma- tion being composed almost entirely of carboniferous limestone, Kilkenny has been spoken of as paved with marble. Additional advantages are perpetuated in the old couplet — " Fire without smoke, air without fog, Water without mud, land without bog." The former excellency is to be attri- buted to the general use of the an- thracite or stone coal, which emits very little smoke, and is raised from the Castlecomer coal-field (p. 242), though, notwithstanding its virtues, Kilkenny coal is not so much patron- ized as that from Newport in S. Wales. Taking it altogether, it is undeniable that Kilkenny is one of the plea- santest cities in the kingdom, and will well repay a lengthened ac- quaintance. I Route ^.—CtJItoi—T'JJaroan. 247 ( - R ;il to Dublin and Waterford. Dailycarsto Castleoomer, Durrow, Thurles, (Jrlingford, Callan, Ball} ragget . — 1, Dunmore and Freshford. 2. JerpoinJ and Thomastown. 1 allan. Kells, and Kilree. b. — Dublin, SI m. ; Carlow, Thomastown, 1 1 : Waterford, : Cdlan, 10; Gow- . 7: Urlingford, 18; Bennett's l; ' lord.: i L6 banks of the Nore are very int and picturesque, particularly town in tin; direction ! « re there is a cave in that is worth a visit f no bh, but ex- chamber known by • Market Gross. A ription is given . in hia novel i4 Crohore of Bill r the cave is Dun- one of the Marquis of Otb About a mile r up the Nore is Thn - lea use ■'. Bull, Esq.), where the Dinin nver flows in, and a little x >wn Park, the - • I •. I.. Bryi i. Esq., and the >d «>f Ireland, ; - - raci d, the d. okinstown meet- ■ !• r- 'I tin; m< ei -. 4 in. from Kilkenny rly insu- by tip- Noi . I more I k< . p with ofth -I. <-\< d by Roto it 1 1 I I I artov. i • Mowing resi in the Kilkenny, viz., ick, Esq . I 8 r d. Blunden, B irt. , m II W. Blund wd J. ( , Esq.), 1. [1«» in. i 3 Callan, r- only traces thai i< possesses are in the nuns of the Friary, founded in tl L5th cent, by sir .ins. Butler. It is a Long aisled eh. of Pec style, with a tower rising from the centre. The choir is now occupied by the parish eh. The founder is supposed to have been interred mar the E. win- dow of the aisle. The remains of the castle also overlook the King's River. Close to the town is \\\ si Court; and between Kilkenny and Callan are Desart (The Earl of Desart) and Farmley (W. Flood. Esq.). Borne 7 m. to the W. of Kil- kenny is the village of Tullaroan, once the centre and mos1 important part of the property of the family of Grace, who wore descended from " Le Gros," the brother-in-law of Btrongbow, and who owned a dis- trict of 80,000 acres known as "Grace's Country." From Callan the road may he taken to Jer- point, passing midway the village of Kells. another ancient walled town, erected by one of Strongbow's fol- lowers. Here are the ruins of an extensive priory founded in the 12th cent, by Sir Geoffrey de Monte Morisco, and peopled by him with monks from Bodmin, " It was com- prehended within a large oblong square, divided into '2 courts sepa- rated by a strong wall. The south- ern or Burghers' court is Inn ft. square, and was apparently never lupied by buildings. In each of the northern angli 8, and in the itre of tie \. and YV. curtains, is strong tower in good preservation! fitted up with fireplao s, cloa ts, and narrow staircases. A branch of tl 's River, together with a high wall flanked by a Btrong towi r, divide s this court from the other, which contains the church, cloistl r. and monastic attachment Every li< C idjuncl to a moii; to have been placed la !•<•. in- cluding wh;it probably many housi did let ] ithin their walls, a mill. I i chin i an 218 Route 26. — Dublin to Waterford. Ireland. irregular building, and consisted of a choir, nave, and N. transept, be- sides a Lady chapel ; which last ap- pears, from the remains of some windows, to have been the most lately erected portion of the priory." The whole style of the buildings at Kells appeals to partake con- siderably more of the military and defensive than of the ecclesiastical fashion. Nearly 3 m. S. of Kells is the Bound Tower of Kilree, about 96 ft. in height, though it has lost its cap. Adjoining it is a stone cross made out of a single block of freestone, said to have been erected in memory of Neill Callan, King of Ireland, who perished in his endeavour to save one of his followers while drowning. The river was afterwards called King's River. The same tradition is current in co. Armagh, where there is a mound erected for the same reason.] For the first 3 m. on our way to Waterford we run parallel with the Irish S. Eastern, obtaining an excel- lent view of the town, and passing rt. the lunatic asylum, Larchfield, Archersgrove (J. Beid, Esq.), Inch House (J. H. Knaresborough, Esq.), and 1. Lyrath House (Sir J. Cuffe, Bart.). At Lavistown, 2 m. the lines di- verge, the one to Waterford, trending to the S.j and following the valley of the Nore to G m. Bennett's Bridge. Here the Duke of Ormonde held a review in 1704, which attracted such hosts of visitors that an innkeeper is said to have made as much by his beds as paid his rent for 7 year-. [About 2^ m. on 1., and halfway 1 tween Bennett's Bridge and Dun- garvon, is the round tower of Tullo- herin, which has an entrance 12 ft. from the ground, and was lighted by 8 windows at the summit, part of which, with the cap, is deficient. The ruins of a large ch. are adja- cent, and it is a singular fact that while this latter is built of limestone, the tower was built of silicious breccia.] From hence the rly. runs over rather high ground, which now and then offers pleasant views of the pas- toral vale of the Nore to rt. as it flow3 through a succession of well- wooded demesnes. On rt. bank, Annamult ; on the King's Biver, Johnswell ; and Mount Juliet, the seat of the Earl of Carrick. On the 1. bank are the grounds of Ballyhinch (W. Fitzgerald, Esq.), between which and the rly. are ruins of a fortress called Legan Castle, the ancient residence of the last Abbot of Jerpoint. 11 m. Tliomastoivn (Inns: Cul- len's ; Trully's) is a small town of about 1900 inhab , of note only as being the nearest place to Jerpoint Abbey, and the beautiful scenery in the neighbourhood. It derives its name from Thomas Fitz Anthony Walsh, one of the early English pro- prietors, who built a castle, and en- closed the town with walls. From that period it rapidly increased, and from its position on the Nore, which up to a late date was navigable to this point, became an important em- porium for Kilkenny and the neigh- bouring country. The river, how- ever, silted up, and as no steps were ever taken to deepen or clear the bed, the navigation point is now Innis- tiogue, and Thomastown has conse- quently become a petty village. It contains several relics of its former greatness, viz., square towers at each end of the bridge that crosses the Xore, and part of an aisle of the Dominican Abbey, of the foundation of which history is silent, although it is probably of the date of the 13th cent. It may also be mentioned that the B.C. chapel contains the old high altar that once belonged to Jerpoint. About | m. below the town, and on the opposite side of the river, is the ruin of Grenan Castle, by w T hieh name Thomastown was called pre- [ \XP. Route 26. — Jerpoint Abbey. 2\') a to the arrival of Pitz Anthony Walsh. The great attraction of this neigh- bour i is J< rpoirti Abbey, founded in I L80 by Donogh O'Donoghoe, King of Ossory, for Cistercian monks. It speedily attained a high reputation, and became the burial place of the .1! founder and subs< quenf bishops, urishingunti] the Dissolution,when it came into the hands of the family of < trmonde, together with 6500 acres of land. The ruin situated about If m. stown, between the rlv. 1 the rt. bank of the riv< r. and as line afford an exquisite round to a very charming fit of I • those of a ora- ch. «>f the date of transition N to EJ j oi both which - very distinct, form< r predominati 9. I (»t' nave, clioir, and with a square tower rising from the ii l t ■ on, which, from the short] - of the choir, | - it v- ry much nearer the E. than the W. d. "The b though of eonsider- tiquity, is lently of later than the tr.n i-iti* -n period, and ■ bly addi d contempora- neously with the decorated window m th( id of th< ir." — Ww< r i ■■ - ■ d with many found in the X. of I' t very unlike anything either Scotland. T look to the whole bui] - very striking." — /', [nternaU •, I on transepta ■ d, while choir is circular- i i the n:« a. wall ■ b »dy of tbe n:r h of ich b ry wii with ilar 1 imilar character is the W. window the E being of later date). It consists i t 3 lights with semicircular beads, each divided by a midlion, and surmounted with a continuous weathermoulding. "The only entrance to the body of the elt. from the exterior appears to have been a small doorway in t wall of the nave, and this is defended by a bartizan similar to those found upon castles of the 12th cent." The stone roof of the choir is in od preservation, and there are still vera! interesting monuments, and in particular the tomb of Donogh M Gillapatrick), the royal founder. The figures are those of a male and fe- male, in I stumeofthc t2Hi edit., the former holding a erueili.v in his righl hand. On the base are figures of the Apostles, with long beards, and at the foot are 2 crowned figun s, besides a kneeling angel. Here is also the tomb of an abbot with his crozier, at the lower end of which a st rpent is gnawing. There are also other tombs of ecclesiastics, more or less mutilated, after the fashion of I Mi abbey ruins, which have not oven the negative advantages of being left to the ravages of time alone. It is, howov.r. greatly to the credit of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society that they have taken steps towards rvation of Jerpoint. y> estates before men-* tion.d, there are -l handsome a ats 2 m \. of rhomastown— Kilfane and Kilnnny. the former belonging to Sir J. Power, Bart., and the latter to I[. Butler, l \t ' -l.nil to Kilkenny and Waterford. Car to x< w Ross. Disto 68.— Kilkenny, 11 m. ; .i poi [nnistiogue, 6 ; New Ross, 16 : v> ck,7; Waterford, 2 K [If time is not an i ould make ;i de'tour to New following th< course of the N which continn justify ii 'i of beii • most guiel itiful river in I on 1. bank I I :• and 31 250 Route 2G. — Dublin to Waterford. Ireland. Brownsbarn House (Gapt. Black* burne) : and rt. bank, Coolmore (P. OonneUan, Esq.) and Ballyduff (R. Langrislie, Esq.), we arrive at G m. Inmstiogue (anc. Inis-teoc), a charmingly-situated little town overlooking the Nore, which is crossed by a bridge of 10 arches, ornamented on one side with Ionic pilasters. The town is built in the form of a square, which being planted with limetrees give it a pe- culiarly fresh and pretty appearance. Innistiogue was once a loyal borough, and famed for its religious establish- ments. It also possessed a large Augustinian monastery. All that is^ now left of it are 2 towers, one of them incorporated with the parish ch. ; the other is square at the base and octagonal in the upper stages. This is a good point from which to ascend Brandon Htll, a conical emi- nence 1691 feet in height, that inter- venes between the valley of the Nore and that of the Barrow. The view from the summit into these 2 valleys is very lovely, over- looking St. Mullins and Graigue-na- Managh (Rte. 28), while to the E. the view is bounded by the superior heights of Mount Leinster and Blackstairs. The great lion of In- nistiogue is Woodstock, the seat of Et. Hon. W. F. Tighe (Lieutenant of the co. Kilkenny), the grounds of which abound with the mo^t beau- tiful views. The demesne stretches for a considerable distance along the Nore, and is laid out with every versity of landscape that wood and water can bestow. The house con- tains a valuable library and some i d paintings, while in the grounds are several cottage-onices, placed in situations that command the most charming bits. At the back rises a wooded hill to the height of 900 ft., the summit crowned with an orna- mental tower. To Woodstock succeeds Bromsford, opposite to which is the ruin of Clonamery castle. At 10 m. on rt. bank is Newgrove House, and on 1. Ballinabarney (J. Bolger, Esq.), Rathsnagadan, and Russellstown House. At 14 m. Ring wood (Mrs. Chap- man) the Barrow — " The goodly Barow, which doth hoor Great heaps of salmons in his deepbosome, All which, long sundred, doe at last accord To ioyne in one, ere to the sea i hey 1 come; So, flowing all from one, all one at last become.' ' — Spenser, — joins its waters with the Nore, and they flow together in a noble stream, backed by high wooded banks, to 16 m. New Ross (Rte. 28;.] From Thomastown the line passes close to Jerpoint Abbey, where the valley af the Nore is crossed. Close to the Abbey is Jerpoint House (P. Hunt, Esq.), and 2 m. to the W., Flood Hall. 15 m. Ballyhale Stat., 1 m. from which on rt. is Knoctopher village and House, the latter the residence of Rev. Sir H. Langrislie, Bart. The charming river and valley scenery now gives place to dreary high ground, the line passing at the base of the Booley range of hills to 23 m. Mullinavat. If the weather be clear, however, there are beautiful distant views on rt. of Slieve-na-man and the Commeragh Hills. At Mullinavat a small stream, called the Black Water, runs S. to join the Suir, and of this valley the rly. takes advantage. 2G m. Kilmacow Stat. At Dunkitt the Waterford and Limerick line is joined. 31 m. Waterford (Rtes. 28, 30). Hotels: Adelphi, Dobbyn's, Cum- mins'. Ireland. 'Route 27. — Kilkenny to Athenry. ROUTE 27. FROM KILKENNY TO ATHENRY, THROUGH PARSON5TOWN AND LOUGHREA. A ear I Kilkenny for Urling- r I. by a pretty road on the rt. bank N re, passing rt. the Mount 1 1 jtillery, where the Dinan : : j in from the district of I li<»ni,i yj>it the ch., . iallv built b; S Lachtin in the 7' t. f but rebuill about the oom- • of the 12th, as is proved by two Irish inscriptions over the arch of the entrance doorway; running thus — r f«>r Xr \.m daughter of Core, and ■ amatx O'Chiabmeic, by whom ide this church." ;• — r Gills Mocholmoc O'Cen- Le it." •■ I in Lther our ical lxx-ks pre- the persons scription, bo tl ■ which tli. y flourish d ; hi the surnani individuals con- • th< y could ool have lived l ! • ., when the ry --in I and." — J < ificenl N de- : ■ Ling ai . in wh mould- 2 k : the oth( up. A ire * is the sculpture of lions' heads on the of the outer arch immediately over the imposts. The ancient name of Freshford wasAchadhur, M Water- field." To the N, of the town is Lodgepark House \\\ Warren, Esq.) ; on the 8. is Upper ( ourt. Passing 1. Woodsgift -Sir R, St. George, Bart. , Balief(H.8t. George, Esq.), and Wilton House, we come to 18 m, Urlingford, an uninteresting I >wn, offering nothing but a pretty panoramic view from the racecourse. Id the neighbourhood of21 in. Johns- t >wn, once celebrated for its sp Vi<»lct Hill and Foulksoouri 0. 11. lv Esq, . ' J From here a road runs nearly duo N. through a hilly country to 31 m. Rathdowney, near which place are several mined keeps, viz. Oool- kerryon the Erkina stream; Kilhreedy on the N".E.; Clonhurrenonthe S.W. ; noneof them being of any importance. 33 m. the village of Donaghmore, and 53 m. Bonis station on the Great Southern and Western Rly. (Rte. 25), firom whence a convenient branch-line runs to Roscrea, Parsonstown, and Nen igh. Keeping on 1. Ballybrophy and Ballymeelish, is 38m. Borris, dis- tinguished by the addition of Ossory from the Bonis near Kilkenny, which properly Bonis-Idrone. This was once a place of importance, from being th< into Munsti r, for tl rtaon of which a • . qow in ruins, wa bed bythe Fitzpatricka rt. are Charleville II. Whil Esq. , Kilmartin, Mounl Butl< t Lady I 'den , D rryvale, Racket Hall Mrs. Bridge , Birchgrove (J, S. ch, Esq. , and Monaincha (r. Birch, E q. , all in the neighbour- hood of 15 m. 22 ' [Hotel: Brown 1 in form r times the locale of a larj moi y !'■ r Augustines, foundi d by St. ( Ironan, and the seal of a di - which, howev< r, in the 12th • united to th I K ii ] ;l i, 8 . < ironan was a 1« brat d for hi :id n. d- 252 Route 27. — Kilkenny to Atlienry. Ireland. cades wese attributed to Lis prayers; in one ease, the fury of the Ossorians, who were marching against his coun- trymen, was checked at his interces- sion ; at another time, " he suspended the sword of King Fingin of Minister, whidi was raised to destroy the people of 3 loath ; " and he eventually died in the fulness of years and good works, as abbot or bishop of Koscrea, in the 7 rh cent. The points of interest in the town are — 1. the eh., which preserves the doorway of the ancient abbey, having niches on either side, and an image of St. Cronan very much mu- tilated, . In the ch.-yard is a cross, and a monumental stone in the wall, on which is sculptured a rude represen- tation of the Crucifixion ; this is known as the shrine of St. Cronan. 2. The round tower is in remarkably good preservation, and is very similar to that of Devenish Island in Lough Erne (lite. 6). The doorway has a circular head, is 15 ft. from the ground, and possesses a groove and pivot-hole, evidently showing that it was provided with, double doors; a fact which goes to prove the argument that the round towers were used as places of defence and security. (Petrie on 'Bound Towers,' p. 369.) It is ornamented with a plain flat archi- trave ; over the doorway is a trian- gular-headed aperture. The summit, which is about 80 ft. from the ground, is covered with a dome roof of wood. 3.. The old Franciscan friary, founded 1490, by Mulrany - na - Feasoige O'Oarrol and Bribiana his wife, is in- corporated* with the, Roman Catholic chapel, which, by the way, contains a >d altarpiece of the Crucifixion, Besides these ecclesiastical ruins are some interesting structures, viz. : a circular tower belonging to the eastle built by King John, and alofty square keep of the fortress of the Or- mondes,, which has been made use of in part as a barrack and storeroom. Boscxea was at one time the residence of St. Canice, " who wrote here a copy of the 4 Gospels called Glas Kennic, or ■ the Chain of Canice,' which, till the time of Archbishop Usher, was preserved in this place. There was also a curious copy written by Darima, a scholar, the son of CEngus, the son of Carthin, which was also kept there in an ornamented box, and was pro- bably the MS. in the possession of Sir William Betham, Ulster King-at- Arms." — Lewis. The town is prettily situated on a small river flowing into the Brosna, and is surrounded by undulating hills ; there are many nice seats in the neighbourhood, some of which have been mentioned. Amongst others are — Ballystanley (H. Scroope, Esq.), Inane Plouse (F. Jackson, Esq.), Mount Heaton,- Hillsborough (H. Buckley, Esq.), Glenalbert (A. Max- well, Esq.), Golden Grove (J. Hutch- inson, Esq.), and Dungar (Mrs. Evans). In the grounds of Corville House (H. Prittie, Esq.), 1 m. S.E., are slight remains 'of the abbey of Corbahy ; and in those of Monanicha are also remains of Inchanameo Abbey, a Culdee establishment, which flourished in the time of St. Columba. Conveyances. — Rail to Borris, Par- sonstown, and Nenagh. Distances. — Bonis, 10 m. : Parsons- town,.'ll; Nenagh,- 20 ; Money gall, 9 ; Cloghjordan,. 12. The line now keeps the valley of the Little Brosna river, leaving on 1. the villages of Brosna and Shinrone, and on rt. the grounds of Gloster (Col. Lloyd). 52 m. rt. Shara vogue (Col. Hon. J. Westenra) and Bathmore (E. Synge, Esq.), and 1. Ballincor House (F. H. Toone, Esq.). 5G m. Birr or Parsonstown (Hotel : Dooley's),. the former name being obtained from the ancient abbey of Biorra, founded here by St. Bren- dan ; and the latter from the family of the Parsons, to whom, in the time of James I., the town and neighbour- hood were assigned. They built a castle, which has been modernised, I 27, — Parsonstou ~- >• » I is now the residence of the Earl of \\ Eee, to whose labours the science momy is BO much indebted. it objects of interest are the 1 '. irl's famous telescopes, to visit w hich missiou is granted to the tourist. Tlu- chief difficulty of the proper mbination oi metals most useful for s] ula. as to their whiteness, ;ty. and hardness, was solved by Lord Rosse, who found that one of g pper (126 parts with tin 58 parts) the best. He also successfully specula, by au improvement in the shapeof the mould, which, instead of b ing of solid cast-iron, " was by binding together tightly - of hoop-iron, and turning tin- in edgeways cuium of the large telescope - 3 tons, and required •mi al. As n gards the ichinery by which it is worked, 56 PL! nd is made of deal 1 inch thick. The focal length of the speculum is 52 it. The tube is fixed toi -work in the ground, by a large universal hinge, which all I it 1 turn in all directions. At each side of it, at 12 ft. distance, - built, which is 11 ft. long, 3 ft. high on the outer side, and 56 r: the walls are thus 24 ft ". and ' tctly in the merl- in line. When directed t-> the 8. the tube i Lowered till it \ tal, hut when ; • the N. it only falls until rallel with the earth's axis, t i the i">le <>f the ition would b ■ tial objec '. they will into \ and about it." — ,S 11 built and regularly ill b •id« r the surveillance of a I landlord : thi in which in memory D 1 and In I The eli. is of Early Pointed style With a spire 100 ft. "in height : hut this is eclipsed by tlie Roman Cath. Cathedral, a fine Perp. building. In the neighbourhood of Parsonstown are the Castle r Syngfield E.Synge, Esq.), Chesterfield 'Col. Manners), &c. The country round is not remark- able tor beauty: the town itself is si- tuated On the little river Canaoor, a tributary of the Brosna, and in the centre oi' Tivland, so much so that Sir William Petty, in his ' Survey of Ire- land," calls it " Umbilicus Biber- nias." If the tourist has time he may make an excursion towards Nenagh, and ascend the hill of Knochshegoona about 6 m. S.W. Although of no height, 700 ft., it commands a wide view over the surrounding plains and the ranges of the Slicve Bloom Mountaii Excursions. — > 1. Seir-kyran, 2. Roscrea. 3. Portumna and Loragh. 4. Banagher, [G m. to the E. is Seirkyran, which was in old days an important eccle- siastical establishment, dedicated to St. Kyran. In addition to several ruins, there is a round tower about k 2<> ft. high, surmounted by a conical cap, at the base of which are several loopholes. The eh. has a figure of Kyran on the western gable, and on the eastern one of th< gular nude figures occasionally found. e parish is said to derive its prefix * 8 i heel," in consequent ape. I i is the & at of B. Smith, Esq.] ( nveyance8r—Ha,i\ to B to Athlone, through F< rb ; d to Ballybrophy, to Ballinasloe, _h< r. If' tana 8. I '>■ rris, 18 m. ; ' 1 1 ; Borrisokane, L2 Portumna, L5 ; Long! i Frank- h 10. 1' ' W Id and I' l! - J. Jol ostone, 1 , the road ruii- \.W. \ ■ r a i of Unite 28. — Wexford to Cork. Ireland. King's County to the valley of the Shannon, which is crossed at 61 m. Banagher (Rte, 34). 66J m. Near tl e rt, bank of the river at Shannon View (il. Moore, Esq.) the geologist will perceive one of those singular Eskers or drift ridges which run through the centre of the great lime- stonfe plain of Ireland. 71 m. Eyreopurt is a small uninter- esting town adjoining the estate of the family of Eyre. Either of 2 roads may be followed from- Eyrecourt to Loughrea; the upper one passing Frenchpark, Belview (W. Lawrence, Esq.), Ballymore Castle (T. Seymour, Esq.), and the village of Kiltormer ; the lower one runs through Killimor,- crossing at Hearnesbrook a consider- able tributary. of the Shannon. Leaving on 1. Ballydoogan House (T. Burke, Esq.), the traveller soon enters 91 m. Lourjhrea (Hotels: Carroll's, Lynch's), a Galway town of some note and beauty, situated on the northern bank of Lough Rea, a lake of between 2 and 3 m. in circum- ference, on which a large number of crannoges or ancient stockaded islands have lately been discovered. In the centre of the town are some remains of an E. Eng. monastery founded by Sir Richard de Burgh for Carmelite monks; also of the old fi >rtress built by the same individual, and once the residence of the Clan- ricarde family. There are, moreover, a couple of ruined towers, about 1 m. to the N. The scenery between Lough- rea and Athenry is of that peculiar rocky and desolate character which b Longs to Gal way, al though the mono- tony is somewhat relieved by the dis- tant vi iws of Slicvf Aughty to the S., on the confines of Clare and Galway. Passing St. Cleran's (Major Burke), Dunsandle (Lord Dunsandle), and Moyode Castle (B. Persse, Esq.), the tourist reaches the Midland Great Western Railway at Athenry (lite. 1! ROUTE 28. FROM WEXFORD TO CORK, THROUGH WATERFORD, DUNGARVAN, AND YOUGHAL. The road from Wexford to New Eoss does not present any very remarkable features. It leaves the embouchure of the Slanev, and the Enniscorthv road, altogether to the rt. ; and at 4Jm. [gives off a branch to 3Jm. the village of Taglvmon (Theagh Munno, "the House of Munno ") from a monastery founded by St. Munno in the 6th cent., of which very few traces now remain. Here are, however, a square tower, a portion of the old castle of the Talbot family, and a rude cross in the ch.-yard. Taghmon is situated near the N.W. foot of the Forth Mts., a conspicuous feature in South Wexford landscape, al- though only 776 ft. high. In the neighbourhood, and on the road to Foulkesmill, are Kaheenduff (Capt. Beattie), Horetown (S. GofF, Esq.), and Hillburn (T. Hawkshaw r , Esq.) ]. [8 m. rt. a road branches off to En- niscorthy, and a little farther on, also on rt., is Oamaross Hill, a singular granite hillock, 598 ft., an outlier of a low range of hills that intervene be- tween this district and New Ross. The road runs near a similar though rather more lofty eminence at Carrickburn, and then crosses this range, descend- ing on the other side directly upon 22 m. New Boss (Hotels : Eoss ; Bridge), a busy, foreign-looking little town of about 5000 Inhab., with narrow streets running up the side of the hill and along the banks of the d. I? 28. — New Boss — St. Mi 25 o Borrow, which is here a noble and stream, crossed by one of the den brid i - common in the 8.E. oflr Land. Very shortly after the invasion, Rosswas founded by Isabella danght r of Btrongbow, and became at importance, the circuil of its : upwards of a mile, and ing a garrison of 363 eross- v men. 1200 long-bow archers, it pikemen, and 104 horsemen. A 9 built : and " so anxious w< re the towi !e to accomplish their in; that n6t only did the who! • of the male population work at it by turns in companies, but many :nu women also aided in it, bo coi ;..:..•' which a strong tower Jili d Maiden Tow< r, v •ward in the town, for a Lusively for pei guilty . linst females." — Ia wis. I liamentary war. R ss ^ d for the Koyalists by the Duke of Ormonde; hut on the ap- pro Cromwell, it surrender) d mediately. The bridge of Rosse- 1 is broken down by the Irish • ■ is time, and a ferry was u^ed until Lemuel Cox, who constructed tli" brid t Waterford, Wexford, Y d L odondi rrv. built the . which i ind allow of the navi- : merly had [ .all. d Bishop's ( rate Is : it is to the X. of the <-d point< I by the nai . from ; Qon-balls, fir< d by it 'I h< n are I od pointed w I tual oh , '. On the I II ell. Mar; d. The iul ii d ' r 1 monu- I iham, ruin : B R ■ I . and a ble trade in grain and coal : but it ia dependent on the port of Water- ford, which has had the best of it in the race for superiority. Although it is not the pleasant* of towns to stav at, it is a good i*v\\- tral point for excursions up or down the Barrow and Nore, which uni their streams about 2m. to the X. The Nore should be ascended by boat to Woodstock and Inistiogue. Rte. ] [An excursion may be made up the Barrow, to St. Mull ins and Graiguemanagh. For the first mile the road winds up a terrace over- looking the broad reaches of the l iv< r, and passing on rt. the ancient keep of Mountgarrel ile. Descending the hill on the other side, having on 1. Rosemount (E. Byrne, Esq, , and rt. Woodville (E.Tottenham, Esq.), it follows the 1. bank of the Barrow — the road on the rt. bank leading to Inistiogue, and by a more dir. route to Graiguemanagh. Near the site of MacMurrogh 1 tie the tra- iler tuvw^ off to Ballywilliam (Rte. 26 , the present terminus of the Irish South-Eastern Ely. At (5.T m., where the Folhrinunfv stnam falls into the Barrow, the n< ry becomes very picturesque, ; e Huro w flows between 3h. Brandon on 1. and the range of Blackstairs and Ml. Leinsb r on rt. The wa d< d banks i ich side of the river attain a height of 300 ft. or thereaboi] m. St. Muffins, a villi ge piac< 1 in a mo irming situation at the mouth of a rivulet that flows from I rlynn. St. Muffins (fiom St. Moling, Bi- »p of I < ni~, who found* d a inon tery hi r<- was of anci i il importance, and i ven now o 5 small structun a in 1, « xtending from I W., : 2 walls, forming p 1 the wesi i wall- of a .!. outside the enclot - B. of tic ' are remain.- of a stone 25 6 Bo ate 28. — Wexford to Cork. Ireland. cross and a small roofless building, with steps descending into it." The tide flows as far as St. Mullins — from whence the towing- path should be followed for the remainder of the excursion. The same character of scenery, viz. high >oded banks running- up towards the mountains continues nearly the whole distance; and about halfway on the opposite side are the ruins of Iway fortress. Graiguemanagh, 13 m., is con- nected by a bridge with the suburb of Tinnahineh, in the co. of Carlow,- the main part of the town being in Kilkenny. A portion of the old abbey founded by the Earl of Pem- broke in the 13th cent, is incorpo- rated with a R. C. chapel. Extending some distance down the river are the grounds of Brandon Dale (D. Burtchaell, Esq.). Distance. — 6 m. from Bonis. On the return from Graiguemanagh to Ross, the tourist should follow the direct road on the W. side of the Barrow ; and from it may easily as- cend Monnt Brandon, 1694 ft., one of the most graceful little hills in the S. of Ireland, and one from which the home views are particularly charming — the more extensive pros- pect to the E. being cut oft by Mt. Leinster and Blackstairs.] [Second excursion down the bank of the Barrow to Dunbrody, 9£ m., passing Oaklands (R. Tyndall, Esq.), Stokestown (T. Deane, Esq.), and Landscape (J. Usher, Esq.) on the 1. bank ; with Annagh's House (W. Sweet man, Esq.), and Castle on the opposite shore. With the exception of the conical hill of Slieve Killter, 887 ft., on the 1., the country is com- paratively level, and very different from the deep ravines and dells of the upper part of the Barrow, near St. Mullins. Passing in succession Killowcnn (J. Glascott, Esq.), Pill town, and Kilmannoch House (G. Houghton, Esq. , the tourist crosses a small pill that joins the estuary of the Barrow, opposite Cheek Point, where the waters of the Suir fall in, and arrives at 9| m. Dunbrody Ab- bey, the largest and most beauti- ful ruin in the co. of Wexford. It dates fiom the 12th cent., when it was founded by Hervams de Monte- marisco, or Hervey de Montmorency, marshal of Henry II., and seneschal of the lands obtained by Strongbow, who, with a rare consistency, gave up all his property with the exception of the lands belonging to the abbey, of which he was first abbot. It is a cruciform church, consisting of nave, aisles, choir, transepts ; with a low and massive tower rising from the intersection. The great E. win- dow, which in Grose's time was singularly perfect, is a 3-light E. Eng, lancet window, deeply splayed inwardiy and surmounted by three smaller ones above. The nave is separated from the aisles by rows of Early Pointed arches, between which are trefoil-headed clerestory windows. The piers of the arches are square, and the arches themselves have par- ticularly good mouldings arising from corbels a little below the spring of the arch. Grose mentions the splen- dour of the W. door, which was adorned with " filigree open work cut in the stone." Close to the abbey, is Dunbrody Castle, a building of the time of Henry IL, incorporated with a mo- dern house. After examining Dun- brody, it will be better for the tourist to proceed further S., past Arthurs- town, a seat of Lord Templemore's, to Duncannon (p. 259), where the packet may be taken up the river to Waterford.] Conveyances. — From "New Ross to Enniscorthy ; car to Thomastown ; coach to Waterford and Wexford; steamer daily to Waterford. Distances. — Wexford, 22 m. ; Wa- terford, 1 5 ; Dunbrody, 9 J ; Bally- william, 5 ; Woodstock, 8 ; Inis- Ireland. Bouti 28.— Waterford. St. Mullins, 8j ; Tinne- :. 13. Ez - 9, — 1. Dunbrody and Duncannon. 8 St Mullins. [nistiogue. 1. W< xtbrd. The read to Waterford or se - the w by the long wooden bridge t> Roaberoon, a pretty suburb, pos- - ring a few ruins of an old ch. or ompriaing a tower resting on 4 ; larches and the Bide wall of I e aisle; and then turns to the 1. rt bank of the river, passing I. A- gh's Eonse W. Sw< etman, ~ l , in who* are the '• " 9, Tl i scent ry i> iu.> na r this ] ' • :i ten ••1 nmning close to the rivt r, which « «1 on i bank 'h tl led denn >wn and Lands \t the vil - i ; Glenmore the traveller da a long and steep pitch, com- om the top a magnificent Brandon, Monnt Leinster, Blackstairs. Not much can scenery for- the r the journey, th< antry being nd hilly, with but little to lieve until the d< scent 3 into ' v;i]i< y of nd p, - I nk, from which anotl n bri m. Tl" Port-lair Holds: Adelphi ; Oum- i , • a city, b county, ' of a d . and one I t towns i history d back . when th«- I • i ; , aly in throti 9 W. <•: f ; . until B 1 i < • 2:~ them. Here Dermot M'Murrough, Kin- of Leinster, gave ln's daughter Eva to Btrongbow in marriage, when Henry IT. landed to take possession of his new kingdom. Subsequently, John Karl of Morton, when Lord Chief Governor of Ireland, < Btablislu r indirectly affect Waterford. It sustained a siege of VI days at the "\> of Perkin Warbeck and the Earl of Desmond; and again, in 1641, by Cr< mwrll, who was obliged to retire. In the next year, how- r, the city capitulated to [reton. The situation of Waterford is ad- mirably adopt* d for a shipping port, its long quays stretching for more than a mile along the S. bank of the Suir, which rolls in a br m in a direction N.W. to S.E. " The pontic Shure, that making way By sweet Clonmell, adoraea rich Waterl< rd." A small portion only of the ei; on the X. bank r including the rly. t< r- minus of the Kilkenny and Limerick lip and below the bri the high grounds that oy< rlook the river adorm d with j \u\rv- I gardens. The cennec- i 1" tw< i n suburb of F< rry- d Watt rfbrd : tined a wooden bridj 332 ft. long, pported on pi« rs of Btone and '-. Like Wexford, this the work ofL< muel Cox, the •, ; r - chitect, who not only buill it m Mti.illy, hot -till mi re !v, estiraal I rrticulan of I buildi h on a tablet in the liii-ldh- of the bri h iption is nol 258 Movie 28. — Wexford to Corlc. Ireland. from the bridge is Worth a few mi- nutes' notice — from the picturesque :arpment of the banks in the im- mediate neighbourhood, the pretty hills on the one side, and the gradu- ally ascending tiers of houses on the other, with a long perspective of quay and river. With the exception, however, of this quay, and the Mall that runs out of it at right angles at the southern end, there is not a sin- gle good street in Waterford, which, it must be confessed, has, generally speaking, an ancient and fishlike smell, mixed up with odours of butter and pigs. The visitor will not wonder at this, when he observes that Waterford is the nearest and most crowded port of export for Irish pro- duce into England, particularly at the time of the sailings of the Bristol packets, when it would seem impos- sible to stow away the immense droves of cattle that throng the quays, and certainly do not add to the cleanliness of the streets. "The harbour of Waterford is formed by the channel of the Suir, from the city to its confluence with the Bar- row ; and from thence by the joint estuary of these rivers to the sea, a distance of 15m. ; the entrance 2Jm. wide, which is well lighted by a bright fixed light on Hook Tower, 130 ft. above the sea, by a red light on Dunmore pier, and 2 leading I iglrts at Duncannon. Vessels of 800 tons can discharge at the quays, winch are described by the Tidal Harbour Commissioners as the finest range in the United Kingdom. The income of the port, arising frojn ton- nage, ballast, anchorage, quayage dues, and pilotage, amounted in 1843 to G948Z. On the Kilkenny side of the river there is a ship- building yard, with patent slip, Lving bank, and dock. The ex- perts are almost wholly agricultural ; the value of the principal articles exported in 1835 was, bacon and pork, 523,983/.; butter, 475,884/,; grain, 229,775/.; flour and meal, 404,2G3Z. ; cattle, sheep, and pigs, 137,098/.'' —Thorn's Directory. Not- withstanding its extreme age, it is surprising how few antiquarian re- mains are left : of the walls and forti- fications which surrounded it, and en- closed an area of 15 acres, there are only a tower, close to the Tramore rly. station, and the circular tower which stands at the corner of the Mall or Quay, and which we are told by an inscription was built by Reginald the Dane in 1003 ; held as a fortification by Strongbow in 1171 ; re-edified in 1819, and now appropriated as a po- lice lock-up. It is mentioned as a curious feature t in the social history of Waterford that there were "in addition to the regular fortifications of the city, several private fortresses called by the names of their respec- tive proprietors, and supposed to have been not less than 20 in num- ber. In Colbeck Castle, from which that street took its name, was the Chamber of Green Cloth or Chamber of Waterford, sometimes used by the Mayor as a place of confinement for refractory citizens. The palace in which King John resided during his stay at Waterford occupied the site on which the Widows' Apartments are built, and on the erection of which the vaults of that ancient structure were discovered."— Leivis. There were also a Franciscan mo- nastery, on the site of which was established the Hospital of the Holy Ghost ; and a Dominican priory, the tower and belfry of which are still in existence. The cathedral is a large plain building, with a lofty spire, and re- placed (with the old materials) in 1773 the ancient ch., built by the Ostmen of Waterford, in 1096. With the exception of one or two monu- ments it contains but little of in- terest ; adjoining it are an extremely comfortable-looking Bishop's Palace and Deanery. The K. C. Cathedral in Baron- Ireland. Route 28. — Duncannon—Hook Point. brand Str, has a fine though dingy . and is said to have been built . all of which was defrayed by pence taken at the door. fhe neighbourhood ofWaterford is 'fully studded with seats, parti- cularly on the banks of the river. 1' dry i re Rockshire (K. ^ \. ), Rivi c View, Belmont, Barron Court sir Henry Barron), Killasp y a. Sherlock, Esq. . Rock- ad, el— to the ell., and Newpark G Bloomfield, Esq.). ices. — Rly. to Kilkenny, Li rick, an 1 Tram-re: iers daily t • Milfbrd with the mai a week t<> Bristol, once a w ( H t • Plymouth, twice a w • k to London, three times to I. daily to Duncannon, ily to X. W R I ir daily to B rris, daily to Enniscorthy, daily to Iscr 33, daily to Dungarvan and Lis • daily to Youghal, daily to Maryl daily to Wexford. Du -Wexford, 37 m; New Ross, 15; Duncannon, 10J; Dun- dy, 7;..Pai 8; Thomastown 1 Jerpoint, 20; Clonmel, 28; Car- le, 14; ] w, 10; Dungarvan, Kilmacthomas, L5; Tramore, 7. E . New Boss by steam* r, • ' oon by steamer, and Dunm [T L to P ' Duncan- tutifu] : the rii ( b i ' ing bounded by hi which in fri qu< tty vi!. p out. On '•. . tnfield, i . ; L, Snov urviei irown- Ilill X. IV I the rt. B ilmonl W. I'iiz- E [.), I ;; tllycan? P. I' E , and 1 Esq.). -' ■• dr- 'All is tl. I which 6 in. ( I' at, win re the B ra with those of th E now be said to become an estuary. At the head of a small pil] on the opposite shore the ruins of Dunbn Abbey (p. 256) arc plainly visible in their desolate grandeur. The rivi r widens from Cheek Point to 8Jm. Pas- sage, from whence there is a ferry to Ballyhack and Arthurstown, where the cliffs beg-in to show themselves. At Ballyhack the tourist can get a car and visit Dunbrody. Passing Dun- brody, the seat of Lord Templemore, the steamer soon arrives at 10} in. Duncannon, a pleasant villi trying hard to aspire to the dignitj a watering-place. From the reign of Henry II. a fort has existed here, 6 r the purpose of watching the ap- proach is to the harbour. It has en garrisoned since the time of the Spanish Armada, and occupies the projecting cliff to the V> r . of \ho vil- lage. "The fortifications, including the glacis, occupy about 3 statute acres, and are adapted for mounting 40 pieces of cannon. It contains ac- commodation for 10 officers and 100 men." — Fraser. From Duncannon the road con- tinues to skirt the coast until it reaches the villages of Slade and Churehtown, 2 vil at the end i f' the singular promontory of Hook Head, which juts out to 1 narrow strip, barely j m. wide. At the extreme point is a fixed tight, at do t height above the e The wh( this district is full im The point of Bag-an-brun was the locale of the landing < t' Btrongbow and his adventurous band 2! I of August, 1 L71, (he commi ocement of thai i r of con- qu< si by which the English obtain 1 h an ascendanc; in It ! id. The of Hook Point eonsii adstones an : rlaid by carbonif! itone, kable forth I beauty found in if — such . A.-i ra, Sfichelina, a- fcia crinoid :" which Actinoc] ' Plat; ' 260 Route 28. — Wexford to Cork. Ireland. crinus, and Rhodocrinus are the most beautiful forms. — Harkness. • >uld the tourist have time, he may proceed inland on the road to Wex- ford, turning off to the rt. at Cur- raghmore to Tint&rn Abbey, the seat J. Colclough, Esq. William Mar- 11, Earl of Pembroke, being ship- ped on this coast in 1200, founded abbey, which he peopled from, an 1 named after, the more celebrated iblishinent in Monmouthshire. Un- fortunately the mansion was formed out of the chancel, so that little but the tower remains to identify it. The eh. at Tintern contains a monument t ) the Colclough family, temp. Henry VIII., who, from holding estates that once belonged to the Church, are ever more under the " curse of fire and water." The sandy estuary of Bannow Bay appears to have been the boundary of the district occupied by the English settlers. It was then called the Pill, according to Holinshede, who writes that " Weisforde, with the territorie baied and pcrclosed within the river called the Pill, was so quite estranged from Irishrie, as if a traveller of the Irish had pitcht his foote within the Pill and spoken Irish, the Weisfor- dians would command him foorth- with to turne the other end of his toong and speake English, or els bringe his tronchman with him." The ravages committed by sand are exemplified in the old town of Ban- now, of which no traces can be seen, a ruined eh. being all that is left, though we know that it was of some ii te as late as Charles I.'s reign. At the mouth of the Corrock is Clonmines, where in the time of the Danes an ancient town existed of sufficient importance to possess a mint. Close to the river are the tower and walls of the Dominican monastery, founded by naghs in the 14th cent.; 1 1 ick Castle, built by Sutton. There is also a picturesque chapel with 2 turrets, said to have the Kava- and of the the family been raised in memory of his mother by a cowherd, and still called the Cowboy's Chapel. From Clonmines there is a road to Wexford direct, or via Taghmon, up the vale of the Cor- rock, passing Kosegarland (F. Leigh, Esq.) and Coolcliffe House (,Sir W. Cox)] [The great attraction to the citizens of Waterford is Tramore, whither they betake themselves for sea-bath- ing by a short railway of 7 m. It leaves Waterford at the S. of the town, and pursues a most un- interesting route through sand-hills to Tramore (the Great Hotel), a pleasantly situated little watering- place, and a remarkably fine sea. It is placed on a hill at the N.W. corner of Tramore Bay ; a fine open bay, though terribly exposed to the southerly gales. The cliffs on the W. from Tramore to Great Newtown Head are bold and precipitous, but eastward is a long extent of narrow strand, which shuts off from the sea a large lagoon, known as the Back Strand. The only outlet of this im- mense body of water is at the E. boundary of the bay, where the cliffs ngain rise boldly, terminating at Brownstown Head. A scheme has been set on foot by Mr. Malcolmson, the good genius of Waterford, for the purpose of draining and reclaiming the Back Strand, a plan wdiich ought to yield a very handsome profit even- tually. The pillars scattered along the coast and - on the promontories are landmarks. The tourist who remains at Tramore may excurse to Punmore (easier visited from Waterford), a picturesque little bathing village, with some interesting caves in the cliffs. The geologist will find in the neighbourhood of Tramore Lower Silurian rocks of Bala and Caradoc age.] A coach leaves Waterford daily for Dungarvan and Youghal. For the first few miles the road is uninteresting, all views of the river JR ' 28. — Kilmacthomas — I) - : tin- rt., and the a a on the 1., b< ing cui by intervening high ground, althoug i the course of the Suir is plainly marked as far aa Clonmel. 11 m. the grounds of Whitfield W. Christmas, Esq, on L, and Mount ( J. C . u> vw. K^[.) on rt., I r a pr< tty bit of landscape, and n the travels r gains ini views I ommeragh Mountains, pari of tuthern range that forms {he backbone of Walerford, > - iii. E is, an exposed _■ little villa I u- side the banks of the dion, wb iking its rise on the K . mafTiin, 2336 it.. »wn to the sea. [Ar bathing vil. i 5 dde of >pper-minea of •!), irds it of produc . - id luii. in I tnd, yielding in 1 858 4700 of 42 V 500Z,] imtain pedestrian may make a v« ry pleasant excursion from Kil- Lak< Qoomshingawn, . a deep tarn nearly I by a wall of rock — one - in the intry. te stream thai m it is at ilia d ai the t. rtlaw. It Li >u1 6 m. to the X.. " I ins, i ft. "The pre- mountains | rkable appearand d . shioiting, from their td d< seding of light and — / V >■-■■ r. ■ me f hills, under the name of i Mountains, trt 8.W., ovi riot king dbally ami Dungarvan, the road to tl: • la ing ai their base, passing . < _ i i J 1 1 1 i 1 . rahvil Prom the p hill Dalligan riv( r a very lo> ined of Dun- rvan, with its bay, and Hel\ Head in the distance. I 3 m. rt. ( lloncoskoran, the seai of Sir X. Humble, in whose grou then- is a singular gap or pa the wooded range behind. From hence it is 3 m. to Dungarvan [Hotel, Devonslii Arms, very bad), a seaport contai very little of interest and an imm deal of dirt (Pop. 5886 ■ It \ place of greater importance in early times, and had the honour of - - vera! charters from various reigns. It was saved the fete of bom- bardment by Cromwell, who wi - - i flattered by a woman drinking health at the entrance of the i >\vn, thai he spared it. A portion of ; p of the castle, founded by Ki John, still exists; but the mosi h ]■• sting remains are at Abbeyside, a district on the opposite shore of harbour, winch is connected with Dungarvan by a causeway and arched bridge, crossing the Corrigan. TheAbb* yside ruins consisi of a ki ep of a fortress, erected by theM'Grat] -. who were also the founders of Augustine monastery, now incor- porated with a R. 0. chapel. A v< ry grao ful tower, with some E. E arches, remain in statu quo, Th< re is a pretty view from the ch-yard. of the estuary and the opposite town. Dungarvan is mainly the prop i Duke of Devonshire, who I ay improvements, thou cannot be enumi among tin m. Should the tourist spending an aft moon bere, he n wad; out 1 m. to Belvick Head, boundary of the harbour, where, if the* is at all rough, th< La rare to b a fine sea. Distances. — Stradbally, 8 m.: B 12 1 : Kilmacthomas, 1 1 ; Waterford, 29; H« Ivick, 7 ; I 25 ; ( 1 igan, i ; Ardmore, 1 I lO _e.:ih I . ' .—Coach daily to e ford, daily t i You^hal, daily to L ; [ ; tunel, by aj 202 Route 28. — Wexford to CorJc. Ireland. turesquc route over the higfi grounds between the Monavullagh and the Knockmeile-down Mountains. For the first few miles the road winds by the side of the glen of the Colligan, a charming ravine, bordered on each side by thick woods of birch and fir. About 4 m. up is Colligan, the seat of J. Gallwey, Esq., overlooking the glen and the distant bay of Dungar- van, and backed up by ranges of mountains. A still more charming view is gained on the descent into the valley of the Nier, a rapid and impetuous stream, rising on the slopes of Knock- anarYrin, near the source of the Mahon. As we descend this valley we pass Ballymacarbry, a seat of Lord Strad- brooke, and the residence of his agent, A. Coates, Esq. ; and a little further on Ballymakee (Capt. Miilcahy). From this point the Nier dashes off to the 1., to fall into the Suir, the road climbing a long hill, and even- tually descending into the richly culti- vated vale of the Suir. The main points of scenic interest in this valley are the noble peaks of the Galty moun- tains on the 1., with their peculiar ravines and gullies (Rte. 30), and the rounded boss of Slievenaman right over Olonmel. At 25 m. the Suir is crossed by a handsome stone bridge, and the traveller enters Clonmel (Ete. 30). Hotels : Hearne's, comfortable ; CantweU's.] From Dungarvan to Youghal the road is hi lly. At Killongford Bridge, 2 m., it crosses. the mouth of the river Brickey, and ascends a low range of hills that run in a S.E. di- rectien from the Blackwatcr, near Lismore, to the Suir. At the 11th m. from Dungarvan a tVtour should be made to the l.for 3 m. to Ardmore, to visit its interesting remains. They consist of a round tower, cathedral, church, oratory, and well — nearly all bearing the name of the patron saint and early missionary St. Declan, who was the son of a noble family in the county of Water- ford, and commenced his Chris- tianising labours about the 5th cent. Of all the buildings, the oratory is the most ancient, and probably of the same date as St. Declan — a rude primitive little hut of 13 ft. long by 8 ft. broad, the door of which (now blocked up by accumulations of earth) has its lintel formed of a single stone. The side walls pro- ject a little beyond the roof. It is lighted by an E. window with a single-piece circular head. There was also a monastery founded by Declan, which appears to have ar- rived at considerable importance in learned and ecclesiastical matters, its heads usually ranking as bishops. The Cathedral consists of a choir, probably the earliest portion of the building, which is separated from a nave of later date by a remarkably beautiful pointed arch with capitals sculptured in the form of lotus-buds. This portion w T as entered from the S. by a doorway, now built up, and pre- sents in the N". Avail a course of ma- sonry of rude and Cyclopean charac- ter, probably of the same date as the oratory. The nave is of the 11th cent., called by Mr. Hayman " of the Hiberno-Eomanesque style." It was entered by a doorway on the S. (now blocked) and one on the N., containing a good round-headed arch, within which a later pointed door has been inserted. The N. wall of the nave contains not only the 2 available windows, but also decorations of arcades of very early Norman (Saxon?) date. The chief beauty of design, however, is la- vished on the W. gate, " which pre- sents a series of sculptured niches of elaborate execution. About G ft. from the ground are 2 large semi- circular-compartments, enclosed in a moulded string-course. In that to the N. are 3 arched niches, the cen- tral one containing a sculpture repre- senting the Tree of Life, with the serpent coiled round the trunk, and Ireland. Runic 28, — Ardm Adam and Eve standing on either I : q right-band niche of this mpartmt nt commemorates the con- \ don of the Pagan Prince of the 1» isi, who, with his spear couched Mid >n his shoulder, bows himself before the Christian ims- iv. The h ft-hand niche con- an ox. At the top of the S. tnpartment is the Judgment of od below it are u' niches, in [uare niche to the i Ktreme l.-it b the Virgin and Child, and emaining i the Magi with I - Hay man. The in* athedral contains trefoil-headed canopy, a sepulchral ,i ston - i - ; -5, i tK of which j the ' hat ■• Li hudh died in ti - on a day lie md is entomb d in the knarks irial-p ;" •• Amada." md tower Is remarkably I is 97 ft. in height, with I cap • liat thrown out tendicular by lightning. i- is 13 ft. firom the ground, I has bead d i round the I divided by jes in - 1 < » ii» -, ail of y I..- viewed from the dder which door. •• i lighted by splayi liavii • po- The 1 window i ov< r the 0] the bell d, de p : • it v. : I • numb< ' the round towers were used princi* pally for sepulchral purposes— a con» clusion which is argued against by ftfr. Petrie in his volume un U Round Towers, p. 81. St. Dedaris }V<11 stands on a rather precipitous rock, oyerhanging the i. Oyer the 2 doorways are rudely dptured effigies of the Crucifixion. The f< stiyal of St. Declan is laid on 11. o 24th July, when numbers of devote^ s atu nd and perform the penance of crawling under St. De- clan's stone. Cloa to the well i> TeampuU 1) - oari C hurch of the South), supposed to have been erected in the IS cenfc by Moel-ettrim CDhuibe thra, Bishop of Ardmore. The remains consist ofaW. gable and S. wall, with a doorway in the lat; possessing "the keystone of ti flat arch, on its bend, apparently in- verted—a matter which has - rise to much speculation ; hut the r - Milt of a keen scrutiny will show that it was so cat to the depth of a few inches only, and that then it is constructed as usual to meet U.l- la i-avitation." From Ardmore the | rian d walk p.i>t Whiting Bay and W< i cl- bine Hi!!, an anci i1 i f I niilv. to the Ferry. 'J' -road ■ .i I n :« i- roui rejoining the Dm isalebeg, and passing Pilltown, where sli remains of th«- Walsh< a exist It i.- said thai a small pill on which the villa. situ ited w. remote do the ancient con i r, whi mptied itself into Whitii d «.f that of YoughaL I fir, in 1 -•_*:•. l . at a 0081 ! ; 17-7 ft. long, and I it. iridge w ewav 2G4 Route 28. — Wexford to Corlc. Ireland. the tourist enters the county of Cork, and 81 in. the thriving seaport of Youghal (anc. Eochaill) (Rte. 29) (Hotel : Devonshire Arms) ; a pretty and interesting town situ- ated on the side of a hill, partly wooded and partly rocky, overlook- ing the mouth of the Blackwater, which, immediately after passing the bridge, swells out into a lagoon of considerable size, though shallow depth, with flat shores on either side. Between the town and the ferry it becomes very much narrower, but immediately widens again, while the character of its banks change to rocky and precipitous headlands. The town (Pop. 6514) consists of a main street over 1 m. in length, with branches to the water's side ; and thrives, as is perceptible at a glance, by its coasting -vessels and trade. The tourist will, first of all, visit the ch. of St. Mary, a beautiful collegiate building, lately restored to its former magnificence from the ruins in which it lay for so many years. As long ago as 1681 it is described by Dyneley " as being in use, though much out of repaire. It was antieatly a collegiate church, and at this time sayd to be the fairest parish church of the province." This establishment was founded in 1464 by the Earl of Desmond, and con^ sisted of a warden, 8 fellows, and 8 singing-men ; and the building, as it stood prior to the restoration, was of remarkably beautiful Dec. archi- tecture. Externally "the ch. consists of a nave with side aisles, a chancel with battlemented wall — to which a sa- cristy, now taken away, was once attached — 2 transepts, with a tower, the wall of which is 8 ft. in thick- ness. A round tower stood at the W. end, and on the S. of the ch. a mortuary chapel extended for some distance. There is a good Early Eng. W. door, with circular shafts and clustered mouldings. On entering this door is a round-headed arch leading to the round tower. The nave is separated from the side aisles by 5 Early pointed arches on each side. Notice in the N. transept a singular obtuse-angled arch, sepa- rating a little chapel from the middle aisle ; a carved-oak pulpit ; a re- stored monument to Hartford, Mayor, 1618; a double piscina; a monu- ment to the Uniacke family, 1632 ; Tobins floor monument, 1517; Llew- ellyn, Mayor of Youghal, 1628; also a round -arched Norman tomb. The N. aisle contains a curious wooden cradle, in which the sword of the corporation used to repose ; also the Early Eng. tomb and recum- bent figure of the Earl of Desmond, the founder of the ch. ; and an octa- gonal font of black marble. On the N. side of the chancel is the door of the sacristy, and on the S. is one leading into the college. It is lighted by a good 6-light E. window of stained glass, contains an altar-tomb to Thomas Fleming, and sedilia on tjie S.W. Observe also above the windows the apertures for reverbera- tion. In the S. transept, otherwise called the Lady Chapel, are the tombs of Richard Bennett and the Earl of Cork. The ch.-yard is surrounded by the town- walls of Youghal, flanked by the Earl of Cork's ugly round towers and 5 pieces of his artillery. The visitor should ascend the tower for the sake of the view, which, though, not extensive, is very pretty — em- bracing on the N. the wooden bridge over the Blackwater, the wooded hills above, and, in the ex- treme distance, the summits of Slieve^ naman and the Knockmeiledown Hills. On the E. is Ferry Point, with its ch., while immediately under- neath lies the town with its ruined abbeys and populous streets in close juxtaposition. To the N. of the ch. is the house of Sir Walter Raleigh, who, in 1588- 89, was chief magistrate of Youghal,. where he was in the habit of en- Ireland, Route 28. — KUleagh — Castlemartyr, 265 tertaining tin- poet Spenser. It is now the pro] erty of B. W. Fine. Esq., « ho allows visitors to inspect the grounds. It is a perfect Eli- han gabled house, with some of the rooms wainscoted and deco- rated with carved oak, and is id to contain a subterraneous pass from the dining-room to the oh. In the garden is Raleigh's yew-tree, where the knight, under the influence of his beloved tobacco, was in the habit of poring over his favourite 'Faerie Queen.' This gar- den is also celebrated as being the Le of the firsi potato planted in Ireland. V. of the town i- the Dominican Friary, founded in 1268 by Thomas Fitzgerald, sur- nam- 1 the Ape, The remains con- f the W. gable with' its door- v and ; srht window, and a porti' arch connecting the nave with the aisle. Th« re are also some traces of the St. John's II B nedictines, founded in 1 r :. ■•■ nt.. and converted in the _ of Charles II. into a storehouse mmnnition. The E. wall of the chapel po a pointed \ay. with ornamented spandrils, and a t» -w square-headed windows. ( inces from Youghal. — Rail ( rk : a steamer in the summer 1 iquin. Car to Water- ford and I'm. a, Disi \ rdmore, by the f< rry, m.; I > . . ,18; ( ppoquin, ' I. liy. In; Bhin- M dleton, L5 ; < rk, 21, / . — l ' id the Blackwal I tyr. Ardmoi 'I ider of the route from Y ( rlc is traversed by r qo< co itain anything of oarkable into 91 .. KUl mall town, ad- ■ family of B an unusual which intry cognised by terming it "The Maiden Estate,' 1 in allusion to its nev< c having been forfeited. The grounds, which extend for a considerable dis- tance up the romantic glen of 11 o, Dusoin, are celebrated for their beauty and the extent of the views. A little to the 1. of Mogeely Slat., 94 m., is the town and demesne of Callv-na- Glashy 'if. Wilson. Esq.). 1":; in., passing ( larrigtuohill 8 near which a number of subt< rram i chambers w< i r. d in the rly. tn of the innu- m< rable mazi - of l iough Mahon, 1 soon joins th itinuii ok of tl I. e to Cor] ds: [m - i 2(jG Route 29. — Yoaglial to Caliir. Ireland. EOUTE 29. FROM YOUGHAL TO CAHiR, THROUGH LISMORE AND FERMOY. By this route the tourist follows the vale of the Blackwater, which, more than any other river in Ireland, abounds in scenery of a high order, with many interesting ruins and remains. During the summer a steamer leaves Youghal to make the excursion up the river about 3 times a week, but, as the navigation extends only to Cappoquin, the rest of the journey has to be performed by road and rail. Inquiries should be made at Cork as to the times of sailing, which are somewhat uncertain. The Blackwater, spoken of by the poet Spenser as " Swift Awnirtuffe, which by the Englishman Is callde Blackewater " — has a course of nearly 80 m., taking its rise in the mountain of Slieve- logher, on the borders of counties Cork and Kerry, and flowing thence nearly due E. past Mallow, Fermoy, Lismore, and Cappoquin, at which point it turns S. to enter the sea at the bay of Youghal. On leaving the pier at Youghal, the steamer approaches the Ferry Point, where, in 1G45, Lord Castle- haven made a vain attempt to bom- bard the town; from thence passes through the long wooden bridge built by Nimmo (Rte. 28) ; and at once enters the narrows of the river, which are flanked on the 1., near the confluence of the Towing with the Blackwater, by the wooded hill of Ehincrew (Rinn-cru — Point of Blood). On the summit are the dilapidated ruins of the fortress of the same name, formerly a precep- tory of the Knights-Templars, and founded by Raymond Le Gros in the 12th cent. They appear to have consisted of an irregular quadrangle, containing chapel, cloisters, refectory, kitchen, and dormitories; the refec- tory stands at right angles to the chapel, possesses a portion of vaulted roof, and is lighted by 7 narrow, deeply-splayed windows. At the 1ST. end of the refectory is the kitchen, and above it are the walls of the dor- mitories. On the opposite bank is Ardsallagh House (J. Ronayne, Esq.), and at the junction of the Glen- dine river on 1. 4 m. Temple Mi- chael ch. and castle — a square keep, with a round flanking tower on the N.E. On the N. bank of the Glendine is Ballynatray, the beautiful seat of the Hon. C. M. Smyth. Close to the bank of the Blackwater, and, in fact, joined to the mainland by a causeway, are the ruins of the abbey of Molana, founded in the 6th cent, by St. Molanfide for Augus- tinians. To commemorate this fact a statue of the saint in his Augustinian robes was erected by a late owner of Ballynatray in the quadrangle of the abbey — the same lady depositing a funeral urn in memory of Raymond Le Gros, who, according to the au- thority of the Carew MSS., was buried here in 1186. On the S. bank of the Glendine is Chcrrymount (Lady Thackwell), and on the opposite side of the Blackwater is Loughtane (S. Allin, Esq.), a former seat of the Bluetts, temp. Henry VIII. The river here slightly widens, and a small pill Ireland. H > ' 29, — Cappoquin — Li&more. 267 runs in from Olashmore, the property ! [untingdon, who ob- ued it by marriage into the family ; OWI r. 7 in. 1. are the rains of Strancalty C Stle, ••Sirat':i-ii;i-C'ailli-lH\" "The Hags Ii Im" — finely placed on a •k overlooking the river. In this k is a cave or chamber, popularly known as the "Murdering Hole," icerning which alegend is current that one of the lords of the castle * in • habit of making his gu< rry with wine, and then despatch- g them in this cave for the sake of ing their posa ssi< us I i his own. the ferry of Cooneen, we . S ally New Castle I r. W. Lloyd, Esq . very prettily r with Ih adborough Si 3 t the junc- 1 1 Le with the Black- w.-r The former is a fine castel- ■ d building, from a design by Mr. k. 12 in. Villierstown, a small villa wl be Earl of Grandison vainly tblish the linen manufac- tn r up, on rt.. is 1 tromana Foi I : ! I Stuart D .In the grounds the of an old fortn ss of the I ' rhich v "Cat! Con i ; ad, who, f 140 ted ; < »urt to peti- - I. her . of • Earl i I deprived hi r. The 1 in this r Droi ighl from thi I anary 5 r Walt id the ittributed to have quence of a fall . — // i-t hills which hs : the di 'id 1. The int i - ah MH'-niaol-tlnn, — bare, brown hill , 19 ft., the summit of the Loi chain of hills between Lismore and Clonmel. At L5 in. Aflane was born Valen- tine Greatorex, celebrated for his so-called miraculous power of curing diseases by stroking the hand ofth i individual. He lived in the ITlh cent. Amine I [ouse is the seat of S. Power, Esq. On opposite bank is Tourin Sh' Richard Musgrave, Bart.). Higher ap, near the ruin of Norm- island Castle, the navigation partly ceases in consequence i shallow- ness of the riv 17 in. Cappoquin (Hotel: Power's) i> a charmingly placed town at the bend of the Blackwater, where it turns to the S. The castle, of which there are no remains, was I I and i by Lord Castlehaven in L645. The river is crossed bya stone bridge, which replaced a singular tim- ber viaduci built by the Earl of Cork. Overlooking the town arc the pretty grounds of Cappoquin Houj rJohn Ivane). It is an interestin q from here to the monasfa ry of Mount Melleray, a convent of Trappists, on the slope-; of the mountai aboul 4 in. to the X. It is a la- quadrangular building, tl of the square occupied by r>i'* cl kitchens, dormitorii s, and The whole of the tn tnely l»i<;ik and wild, hui i labours of the brethren have \ much improvi 1 ii a external app< Prom (' ippoquin are 2 charm- on < ach side the riv< r, to 21 in. /. //' '' I: 1 1 iv A rms . The f ho] ric is ascril li, in the 7th <•< i '.. v - hi -■■ i ii attracted nol only i rned a en, bul oth ceful i« nden l as tl D 10 lly • m n until th< i r Ear] of Mi rt in L2ti o at. This N 2 268 Boute 29. — Youghal to Cahir. Ireland. was the residence of the bishops of the diocese until it was granted by Neil Magrath to Sir Walter Ra- leigh, who sold it to the Earl of Cork, from whom it eventually came by marriage to the present owner, the Duke of Devonshire. Lismore is placed at a considerable height above the river, which is crossed by a stone bridge of remarkably good span. On the brink of the water is the castle, a lofty and exten- sive pile of building ; the greater part is the work of the 2nd Earl of Cork. " The first doorway is called the Eiding-house, from its being ori- ginally built to accommodate 2 horse- men who mounted guard, and for whose reception there were 2 spaces, w r hich are still visible under the arch- way." Over the gateway are the arms of the Earl of Cork, with the motto " God's providence is our in- heritance." The interior of the castle is beautifully fitted up, and has within the last few years been decorated by the hands of Mr. Crace. The entrance saloon and the dining-room are both splendid apartments, although the drawing-room carries off the palm, from the exquisite view from the windows. The castle is still in pro- cess of remodelling. One of the win- dows is called King James's win- dow, from the circumstance of his entering the room, and starting back in a fright at suddenly see- ing the great depth at which the river flowed below, an appearance which is due to the great difference of level between the N. and the S. fronts. The view from the upper rooms up and down the Blackwater is one of the most beautiful in the S. of Ireland, and embraces the Heights of Knockmeiledown and the town of Cappoquin. The cathedral ch. of St. Carthagh, which possesses an ex- tremely graceful white limestone spire, was restored and almost re-edified by the Earl of Cork in 1603, and has since had many ad- ditions; the choir contains some stained glass, and a monument to the family of Magrath, 1548. "This building was held in such veneration by the Irish that, in 1173, Kaymond le Gros found, when wasting the Decies country, that the easiest mode of extracting a heavy black-mail lay in the threat of burning down the cathedral." The ecclesiastical annals of Lismore do not include anything of note, either in the roll of bishops or the history of the diocese ; but the parish can boast of being the birth- place of two celebrated men — Robert Boyle the philosopher, and Con- greve the poet. To the E. of the town is a rath, which gave the name of Lis Mor (Great Fort). The neighbourhood of Lismore is richly adorned with well- wooded seats and plantations, the principal of which are Salterbridge f R. Chearn- ley, Esq.), Bellevue, Ballyrafter, Ballyinn ( — Kane, Esq.), Glen- caim Abbey (G. P. Bushe, Esq.), Fortwilliam, and Ballysaggartmore, the elaborate Gothic residence of A. Usher, Esq. Conveyances. — Coach to Waterford, through Dungarvan. Distances. — Youghal, 21 m. ; Cap- poquin, 4 ; Mallow, 33 ; Fermoy, 16 ; Tallow, 4 ; [the latter a village to the S.W. on the Bride, which is navig- able up to this point. Close to the village is the castle of Lisfinny, a strong, square tower of 3 stories, once the residence of the Desmonds, but now incorporated with the modern house of Major Croker. From the battlements is a charming view of the valley of the Bride. Between Tallow and Rathcormack is Britway, which contains an inte- resting old ch. ; the doorway has a flat architrave, carried along the sweep of the arch till it terminates in a curious figure in the keystone. About 4 m. W. of Tallow is the lofty square tower of Conna on a high limestone rock overlooking the Bride.] Ireland. "Route 29. — Fermoy. 2(59 IV >m Lasmore the road continues along the X. or 1. bank (4' the Black- water, passing Ballysaggartmore and FlowerHill B. Drew, Esq.), to 21 m. Ballyduff. On the opposite bank Glencairn, Fortwifiiam, Bally- gally, and Glenbeg. At Ballyduff the river is crossed. A Little further, 29 m. n.. is the ruin ofMacollop Castle, and 33 m. on the same side Kil- murry T. Grant, Esq.). 37 m. Fermoy Hotel: Queen's Ani - has grown up to its presenl importance entirely within the last I or Tn year-. At tliat time there re only a few cabins ; bul a Mr. Anderson 1 milt an hotel and some u\ houses, and finally entered into in. 'lit for the en ction of me barracks with the Govern- ment, which was anxious to form a atral military depot; as such it has an- I the purpose, and is now _ i stations in Ireland. The barracks are on the N. side of the river, and are divided into two establishments, called the E. and W. barracks, to accommodate n-ly :'.! men. Those on the W. ■ for some time used Union House. The greater part ►wd is "ii the B. bank of the Blackwater, which is cross d bv a bridg L3 arches. It is spacn d well built, having been care- ly laid out by Air. A son, who district by roadmaki mail-coachi s, some- wl ter the fashion of Air. Bian- 1 1 i huilr a large military died the Colli ge. Al- i is a modern town, 1 antiquities in the 1. The ry, mere- ly pn tty, the riv( r- banks l < l< vated with many an ov( r- .: planl and pn tty villa. •.-.. U-planted i Bona . I mill! I rigabrick and Liclash Castles, on the S. and N. banks respectively. I vnveyances. Rail to Mallow; car to Mitchelstown. Distances. — Mallow, 17 m.; Mit- chelstown, LO : tla' Caves, 16; Cahir, 27; Lismore, 16 ; Cappoquin, 20; Rathcormack, 4J ; Kilworth, 3. Excursions. — 1. Mallow. 2. Lismore. 3. Glanworth. 4. Mitchelstown and Caves. [The journey from Fermoy to Mallow is usually performed by the rly., which, by keeping on high ground, dots nol allow many of the beauties of the Blackwater to be visible. To the N. the high ranges of the Knockmeiledown have dis- appeared, hnt on the S. is a new chain of hills, known as the Nagles Mountains, of which the heights of Enock-naskagh, 1406 ft., andCorran, 1345 ft., are most conspicuous. Quit- ting Fermoy by the road, the tourist passes Castle Hyde (J. Hyde, Esq. , Cregg Castle (T. Hyde, Esq.), and Templemore, on the N, bank, and Cregg O'Lympry on the S. The scent ry is particularly pretty at Bally- hooly, where a road IS given oil* it. to ( astli rock, and 1. to Mallow crossing the river and ( lork. Near Ballyhooly are the - of • avamore Earl of Listowel , Rennv l\ Blackburne, Esq. , and Wood* ville R. Gibbings, Esq. . At 19 m. ( Jastletownroche Station the line crosses the Awb g Spenser's Mulla, p. 237 al it- confluence with the Blackwater. The village lies nearly 1! m. rt, and is picturesquely situatt d on the Awbeg, which runs l„ twe< n precipitous banks. Incorpo- rated with ( lastle Widenham is the old 1 , i p of the fortress of the Roc] w bich was defended in 1649 by Lady che for many days againsl ( Jrom- weU*s army. The eh. is n markable ai ' spire : "the lowi rstaei pi toed with a window on 270 Route 29. — Toughal to Cdhir. Irjxaxd. the copings (V which form a zigz ■ inued all round." Clo to th • nil - Glananore, hig 25 are BaUy- B. Welsted, Esq. , Bock I Aiinsgrov B. Ann* sley, Esq.). are the remains of .•]), founded in Bj John by Fitzhugh Roch . On L I I (0- Tisdale, ad C Castle (H. F t, Esq.), b • i e village of Killa- willin, where the Black water is again .'1 by a bridge. Passing Carrier House 'W.Franks, (j. , Bockfoj 'Sir J. Cotter , Ballygarrett (W. Cieagh, Esq.,, the travel. cr re-. . L7m. Mallow {Hotel: Que en ' s A n d s) . Bte . 25.] The first point between Fermoy and Mit< i is 3 m. Kilworth,a vil at the foot of the Kilworth Mountains, and equidistant from the of the Funshion and the Douglas, both tributaries of the Black- wa^ [Two excursions can be made fi I re: — 1. on the 1. to Gh rth, 5 m., following the valley of the F i m si j i on , and pa b b i d g G J <■ ; d woo d, th e of Ballyhindon Castle, and gh House, the Elizabethan it of C ipt. B Glanworth - worth a visit, not only from its picturesque position, but on ant of the castle, formerly a resi- ■ of the Boche family. The 1st of a square keep and an addition of later date, in which urethe > apartments. They are defended by a quadrilateral curtain wall flanked by round A little to the N. of the village are the rem tins r ' the Dominican abb E. Eng. ch. founded in the 13th the H -. A tower ri from the jum of the nave and , resting on 4 graceful arches. am Glanworth the tourist mayre- rn direct to Fermoy 5 m., without .-• Kilworth. The 2nd e;: ion is through the romantic glen of the Araglin, a .stream which risea at the foot of the Knock- iledown hills, and falls into the Dongl me distance below Kil- worth. It is particularly picturesq tl Cooke, the residence of W. Cooke Coll is, Esq.] Adjoining Kilworth are Mary V L Corban, Esq.), Moore Park (Earl of Mountcashel), Bally Iiusbmount r A. Geran, Esq.). The road r. ' iscends, cro the Kil- worth hills at an elevation of 750 ft. On the 1., near the hig point, the solitary and n i tower of Caliordrirmey, 47 m. Mitclielstown [Hotel; Kingston Arms] is a very neat, pretty little pi in an elevated valley between i Kilworth and Gt Lty Mountains, which rise innv. above the town in .splendid \ The great attraction is the castle, a fine mo- dern castellated building, and. the family seat of the Earls of King3town. Visitors are admitted on application to view the house and the \ Is, which are v^ry delightful, and whi from their elevation command exten- sive vie -vs. A castle was erected here by the White Knight, wbx heiress Margaret Fitzgerald married Sir William Fenton. Plis daughter again brought the property by mar- riage into the possession of Sir John King, cieated Baron Kh by Charles II. The present building was from designs by Mr. Pain, and cost 100,000/. ; the principal entrance being flanked by 2 square towers, one of which is called the White Kni Tower; the entrance hall is 80 ft. in length, and adorned with a fine groined roof. Indeed the whole ar- rangementB both Uy and in- ternally combine to make Mitch* town one of the finest residences in Ireland. dose to the pork is the town, in which the noticeable features ore a Perp. ch. with octagonal spire-, a hand- le Roman Catholic chapel, and Kingstown College, an asyl urn founded LAND. Route 30. — Limerick to Waterford, 271 T. rd Kingstown for decayed gen- s The Caves, 6 m.j Cahir, 17 : F< rm< ■> ,10. id to Cahir lies at the of the Galty Mountains, which it on their southern face a v ry much fin r asp ci than on the ride. G Itymore, 3015ft., and I re the most lofty points of lifiecnt rai The Fun- 1 a1 Kill): heny, and baun, no1 far from which point is a publi e, where the visitor to the caves should stop, ire gui I I change dr< - Mitchelstown < ise ilp y hap- ' the Mitch ft . the road. A& with - of d the carboni- mtain lhii' . ami .••lit and they 1 into the new and ing the one usu- •A narrow ]>.' of Jit and 33 in length, f about 30 - :. i< rmii in an . 15 ,; . in i which the visitor | - - A Ivi cine forward, 1 angle i. which it mai l • ly hori ad ft, until the r jiii'l'Il- il. "t" \- . tude. In shape its i n.M-ml with bular m, • _• .- — Kail to Limerick ami Waterfbrd; car daily to Lime- rick. Digfa\ . .< : — limerick, 25 m. ; Waterford, 52; Limerick Junction, her, Ml: Cashel, 12; Gal- 1 Kill x Athassel, 9. [The ruins of Athassel ana Ath-an-tuisil) are nifnUy placed about IV m. below the village of the same name, on the hank><>f the Snir. which here assumes rtions of a considerable stream. The road from Tipperary turns off the d< dk - >f Thomasto^ d sidence of Viscount I • ad fonn( rly of the Karl of i idaff. I A I 3 ofAthassel was founded al the clo* be L2tb cent. Will. Burke, or I N Burgo, and was a I ad magnificent E. Eng. buildi] r, which overlooks ! 1 ft in Length, and ted by a - of lancet windows, j - r should notice in particu- .1. . j'ly-: 1 and rounded which is a blocked rch, with delical ifts, the wl I by a trian- gular or straight-sided pointed arch. In the in'- rior an' the tomb and founder, who died within the walls.] B nsha Stat. On rt are tie <>. Ryan, I ..n 1. I . smacori . t i Baker, 1 I wing the Ah. rl 1. Kilmoyler e line enfc rs odly Sim • which it completes the thejourn( wL lint we a] proach very i of the Gulty Mounto \ low valley joins that - ;r. 1 . impel op which be I Dip] Kil- rrery, and II town ; although the western por- tion, known as the Ballyhoura hills, overlooking Buttevant, arc somewhat divided from the main group by a depression between Mitchelstown and Galbally. Here the Aherlow rises, taking a northerly course as far as the last-named town, and then turning to the W, The true Galty range is not only lofty, hut peculiarly conspicuous and pictu- re sque from its sudden elevation from the plains of Tipperary, and for the hold escarpments and preci- pitous gullies on every side, hut more particularly on the S., which faces the Knockmeiledown Mountains, and overlooks Mitchelstown. The summit of Galtymore, 3015 ft., is plainly visible from any of the Killarney hills, and is one of the 3 highest points in the S. of Ire- land. The whole of the Galty range is composed of old red sand- >ne, which rises up from under the limestone Of Mitchelstown Valley. Here old red beds rest on Lower Silurian rocks, as may be seen on the S. side of the range, in the re- markable excavation, Pigeon Rock Glen, "where, at the upper end of the Goolatinny stream, the Lower Silurian in the bed of the rock for about J m. is coven d on either side by bed- of old red, that appear one above another in the sidi glen, uniting above in consequence of the rise of ground, and below in consequence of their own dip becoming gr< ater than that of the slope of the hill." — Geological v / ■/•• //• The b >tanist will find on I I Jtymore < Sar< x rigida, Saxifrag hirta, and Ranunculus hirsutus. The rly, now turns to the 8. to m. Cahir Hotel: Gleng Arm- , :i thriving town c Inlmb.. iii the midst of chi rm- i ry an 1 well-kept « Btafc s. i situation in a rich corn ontry, Cahir is b I plac ll-air-iuilb, an hum. A of wlc t onually sent to Waterfbrd* a 3 274 Haute 30. — Limerick to Water ford. Ireland. The principal object of interest in the town, which, by the way, is unusually clean and well kept, is the Castle, which stands on an island in the Suir. Although modernised to a great extent, it was originally built in 1142, by Connor, King of Thomond. Notwithstanding its age, there is but little history attached to it, except that it underwent a short siege by Lord Inchiquin, and 2 or 3 years later by Cromwell. " It is of considerable extent, but irregular outline, consequent upon its adaptation to the form and broken surface of its insular site, and con- sists of a great square keep, sur- rounded by extensive outworks, formins: an outer and inner vallum, with a small courtyard between the two, these outworks being flanked by 7 towers, 4 of which are circular, and 3 of larger size square. The ancient and proper name of the town is Cahir-duna-iaseaigh, or the * cir- cular stone fortress of the fish- abounding dun or' fort,' a name which appears to be tautological, and which can only be accounted for by the supposition that an earthen dun or fort had originally occupied the site on which a cahir or stone fort was erected subsequently. Examples of names formed in this Way, of words having nearly synony- mous meanings, are very numerous iu Ireland, as Caislean-dun-more, the castle of the great fort, and as the Irish name of Cahir Castle itself, which, after the erection of the pre- ut building, w T as called Caislean- na-caherach-duna-iasCaigh, an appel- lation in which 3 distinct Irish names for military works of different classes and ages are combined." — Fenny Journ. At present this castle, which, for- tunately for English tongues, has not kept its Irish name, is used as a depot for the Tipperary militia. The tourist should visit the de- mesne of Cahir House, which stretches for about 2 m. alongside of the Suir, and is one of the best laid- out and most beautiful estates in the county. " The Cottage" is a favourite resort for its picturesque and secluded locality. This fine estate was long the property of the Earls of Glengall, but was unfortunately brought into the Encumbered Estate Court, and changed hands like many another noble Irish property. In the neigh- bourhood of Cahir are also Cahir Abbey (K. Grubb, Esq.), Lough- lohery (W. Quin, Esq.), Ballydavid (G. Baker, Esq.), and Eochestown (S. Barton, Esq.). Conveyances. — Rail to Limerick and Waterford ; car to Cappoquin. Distances. — Waterford, 39 m. ; Clonmel, 11 ; Tipperary, 14 J ; Mitchelstown, 18; the Caves, 7; Ardfmane, 5 ; Cashel, 11. [Mitchelstown caves may be visited from here (Rte. 29), as well as Ard- finane, "the hill of St. Finian," the leper, who founded here a mo- nastery in the 7th cent. The in- terest of Ardfmane, however, is due not to this, but to a castle built by King John when Earl of Morton. It is a large, rambling ruin, of quad- rangular shape, and flanked by square towers at the corners, two of which are in very good preservation. Its position on a steep, precipitous rock overlooking the Suir, and with a background of the distant ranges of the Galty and Knockmeiledown Hills, has a fine effect. The castle is said to have been granted after its erection to the Knights Templars, and was considered one of the strongest Irish fortresses until its destruction by Cromwell, who planted his cannon on the opposite hill. The Suir is crossed by a remarkably ]ong bridge of 14 arches, carrying the road from Clonmel to Cork. The tourist may, instead of returning to Cahir, proceed at once to Clonmel, 8 m.] From Cahir the rly. takes another sweep to the S., and passing 1. Lough- lohery House, and Woodruff House ; 1.AN1'. B utc 30. — CUmmd. 275 (W ry, Eaq.)i gradually reap- • valley of the Suir. I m. < 'bmmd Eotd: Hearne*s, : CantwelTs] is decidedly leanest and mosl business-like inland town in the S, of Ireland, 1 is, in' re >ver, graced with ex- tremely pretty outskirts, diversified with wood and water. The exporta- .raiii is the principal busin< , at dill' rent times * id made to establish cotton Qen manufactures — the latter a L667, when 50 i Wal- broughl over Brom Canter- ]„ | Ormonde, the afa nant C nmel was . m.I brav* ly i rted a hands of Cromwell, ii was cv M. The - walls surround the jthened I one left out of the four, _ d repair, and of the main a is an interesting ch., 1 [s o^ lowed bya thick grove . ; r with >M u additional ap- . The church itself; .! modera- te N.E. c rom 8 ■ • •ii i. - of nave an 1 i « xternally I E window i I with l re n; - \ in the i in ill- W. i I rapid I I n>t v, in tl .i of the n\> r. From the abundant supply of water- power, there are numbers of flour-mills and warehouses, the contents of which are sent down by barges to Carrick and Waterford. The valleyofthe Suir at this spol is very beautiful, Clonmel being sheltere I on the S. by theCom- meragh mountains, which separate it from the vale of the Nier, and merge into the broad and lofty group that runs towards Dungarvan. To the N.W. ef the town is Slieve-na-man, a conical and rather isolated hill, 2362 ft. in height. The immediate outskirts end banks are wooded and pretty, affording very pleasant walks,— ; .e Wilderness, which, for solemn iom and wild grandeur, might con- vey no inadequate idea of that in which the Baptist preached ; the road of Heywood, a charming sylvan walk: the Green, commanding a de- lightful prospect of the river; and iry Hill road, the fashionable pro- oade." — Hall. The latter is situ- 1 on the rt. bank of the river, about j m. below the town. There . an unusual number of hand- e >me residences in the neighbour- id. To the W., proceeding up the valley of the Suir. are Marlfield ;J. B gwi 11, Esq . M.P. . the grounds of which \' ry picturesque ; Oak- lau - « it Phipps : Coole; Knock- y. the si at of the Earl of Donagh- ](•: and Kilniaiuhan Oastle (T. ii. Esq. To the \. are 11 I J. Mulcahy, Esq. ; Glen- oner P. Gough, Esq , On the , :■ ( Jarri k side, Powerstown (». . . : : I i Ann. r Rev. i id. ville : Newtown Annex l;. Osborni . Esq., M.P.). T tourist, wh«. is now enable 1 to visit almost i w ry part of Ireland byrail or car with such comfort and Bpe: d, should nol E rg< I I ( tm< 1 i -jM.int of the first public I . by Mr. B '. i f 1 , n-ti. Id, in L815. H ' in hum! ; > 1 •» is imp ail in too high I oi hie of 276 Route 30. — Limerick to Waterford. Ireland. the debt of gratitude which Ireland owes him. (Introd., p. xliv.) Convenances. — Rail to Waterford and Limerick; car daily to Dun- garvan ; daily to Fethard, to Goold's >ss, to Tlinrles. Distances. — Fethard, 8| m. ; Ard- fmane, 8; Cahir, 11; Cashel, 14; Knocklofty, 5 ; Gurteen, 5 J ; Carrick, 14 ; Dungarvan, 25. [It is a pretty drive to the curious old town of Fethard, which still pre- serves a good portion of its walls and gateways, and an Early Dec. ch., with a fine tower and E. window. The importance of Fethard (anc. Frodh-ard) may be gathered from the fact of its being governed " by a sove- reign, 12 chief burgesses, portreeve, and an indefinite number of freemen, assisted by a recorder, town-clerk, ser- jeant-at-ma ce, and other officers. ' ' The road from Clomnel crosses the river Moyle or Moile. and passes Lakefield, the residence of W. Pennefather, Esq. If the tourist has time he should return by another road along the banks of the Clashanly, which are ornamented with the woods of Grove House (T. Barton, Esq.) and Kiltinan Castle (R. Cooke, Esq.), very finely placed on a precipitous rock overlooking the river. Opposite is' the huge mass of Slieve-na-man, or, more pro] )erly Sliebh-na-mhan-Fionn-na- Heirin, " the mountain of the fan- women of Ireland," on the summit of which Fin Ma'cCoul, wishing to take a wife, and puzzled as to his choice, seated himself, while all who chose ran a race from the bottom to the top, the winner to secure the honour of his hand — an honour ob- tained by Graine, daughter of Cor- mac, King of Ireland, who proved herself not only the fleetest but the longest-winded. sheve-na-man is also celebrated by Ossian as the hunting-ground of the Finian chiefs : — " One day Fin and Oscar Followed the chase in Sliehh-na-mhan-Fionn With three thousand Fenian chiefs, Ere the sun looked out from his circle." Geologically speaking, this block of mountain consists of old red sand- stone, although on its eastern slope some clay-slates appear (associated with some igneous rocks), believed to be of Lower Silurian era. At its N.E. termination is the village of Nine Mile House, and a little bevond it Killamery, where, in a quarry 300 yards from the ch., the fossil-collector may find Cyclopteris Hibernia.] From Clonmel the line runs still E., nearly following the course of the Suir, and the very picturesque valley formed on the N. by Slieve-na-man and on the S. by the wooded outliers of the Coram eragh mountains, which descend almost to the banks of the stream. 6 m. rt., near the village of Kils- heela, is Gurteen, the beautiful seat of J. Power, Esq. The woods here are very extensive, and numerous little ravines and dells, each with its characteristic rivulet, are continually opening up charming bits of land- scape. A considerable slate -quarry has been worked at Glen Patrick. 58 m. Ballydine (Capt. Power), and further on Coolnamuck (J. Sad- leir, Esq.), remarkable for the growth of native wood in the grounds. At this point the Suir becomes tidal, and enters 63 m. Carrick {Hotel : Besborough Arms), a small, straggling town, which, apart from the beauty of its situation, need not detain the tourist. The only object of interest is the castle of the Butlers on the rt. or Waterford side of the river, which is crossed by a long bridge connecting Waterford with Tippe- rary ; a small portion of the town is also in Kilkenny. As at Clonmel, the Suir divides and becomes of con- siderable breadth, being navigable for barges of large tonnage. In the neighbourhood of the town are fRELAND. Route Sl.—MaUow to Twice. ■277 Tinvane and Mount Richard, and h< \. the demesne of Cr< (T. Lawl< r, Esq.). Prom Carrick the valley of the imea broader and more open, th< < ugh Mountains, which Long bounded the landscape • g.j JHng back towards Dun- d. On 1 . at Piltown, are the of Belline, and B( 9borough II ill,' latter the residence of tii, l" rl of B -1' >rough, and ttie former of his at. At 67 m. Fid- >wn the Suir is crossed by a re- ly long bridge, resting side- s nd in tlic middle •ii. Thh a the only m f connection between the rly. A m. to the B., a busy lit- turing town, where the M .: »li b ds, thi merchant-princes rford, have a Large factory, ploying 1000 hands. Otoseto the viT ia the residence of W. Mal- ind about H m. to irrasrhmorej the Beat of the Marquis Waterford. It is more nt. and is re- he 1' auty of the id timber, in which the re pre-eminent The accn»-n* Suir near Fiddown is •'ill. e banks bo a and are finely a; • | Bolton, on the ! .in li. nee tli wortl " the re- \- Dunhitt Bl : i form* -1 with the Kilter ly after which i ich W Adelphi, I nn- ROUTE 31. PROM MALLOW TO KILLARNEY AND TRALEE. Tlio opening of the Croat Southern and Western branch from Mallow wi ; , real boon to the tourist, whom a run of 2J hours places at once in the heart of the mosi lovely and far- famed scenery in Ireland, the lakes and mountains of Killarney. For a groat portion of the dis- tance the line passes through an uninviting conn try, in which ox- tensive stony uplands, watered by broad open streams, are the general features, occasionally diversified by wooded slopes and ravines. But as m as the distant outlines of the Killarney Hills break upon the eye, all else Lb forgotten in watching the fantastic outlines and purple hu< a of these magnificenl rangi (Y the clear stream of B | ter we I the main line follow up its picturesque vall< y for d mil< .\- l in. the little river Clyda is 9g< d, having on 1. of rly, Dro- mon House A. \' wman, Esq.). and ,,ii rt. Clyda, Woodfori V Ware, i . and Dromaneen, the groui of tl;. irtmg tin- ban] i; | ■. r . I to the oppoi .f the river are Summervill li. i: ■ | |.) and Longu< ville B. I fteid, l . both occupying com- tuatioi !. ifl the prettily wooded knell of ( . i J lill, crowned with a 278 Route 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. turret, which is said to have been erected by a former proprietor of AVoodfort to protect his estate. At the further end of the demesne of Dromaneen is the old castle rising from a steep escarped rock overhang- ing the Blackwater, with its square mullioned windows and gable ends. The ruins are less those of a castle than of a fortified house of the date of Elizabeth or James I., about whose time Dromaneen be- longed to the family of the O'Calla- ghans. 7 m. 1. Mount Hillary (1287) is an outlying portion of the Bochra Mountains, a dreary and unculti- vated range intervening between the valley of the Blackwater and that of the Lee near Macroom. The road from Kanturk to Cork crosses them at a height of about 1000 ft. Near the junction of the Glen Kiver with the Blackwater is, 9 J m., Kanturk Stat., distant 3J m. rt. from Kcmturk (Inn : Tierney Arms), a pretty little town, situated on the ?3anks of 2 streams, the Duallua and the Allua, each of which is crossed by bridges of 5 or 6 arches. The former river give3 name to the barony of Duhallow. Kanturk became a place of some importance in the days of Elizabeth, owing to the building, by MacDonagh Carthy, of an immense castle (still called McDonagh's Folly), of such proportions and vast strength, that the jealousy of the English Government was roused and a veto placed on any farther proceedings. "It occupies the 4 sides of a quadrangle 120 ft. in length by 80 ft. in breadth, being 3 st )ries high, and flanked at each angle by a square tower of 4 stories, having 3 windows in each story in the central portion ; the groins, mouldings, beltings, and other ornamental parts, are of hewn stone. The battlements, if ever carried up, have fallen down, and the additional story mentioned by Smith in his 'History of Cork' is only apparent on one side, where it forms the under- ground or cellar floor." — Lewis. The castle stands about J m. to the S. of the town. The R. C. Chapel in the town is worth visiting for its entrance gate- way and font, both the work of a native artist. [5 h. ni. to E. of Kanturk, passing on the way Rathmaher, Assolas, and Bally giblin (Sir H. Becher, Bart.), are the village of Cecilstown, and Lohort C istle (Earl of Egmont), a fine baro- nial residence, approached by a long straight avenue. Near Newmarket, which lies to N. Kanturk, are Newmarket House (R. Aid worth, Esq.), and the Priory, once the residence of John Philpot Curran, whose convivial proceedings with the chosen wits and talent of that day have been described by Lever under the designation of ' The Monks of the Screw.' Newmarket is placed at the foot of a very dreary and barren range of hills which, with but few breaks, may be said to extend north- wards to the banks of the Shannon, and westwards to the coast. From Charleville to Listowell, and from Newmarket to Tralee, the whole district is occupied by this wild and bleak region, each range taking a different name. Those near New- market are the Use Mountains, while to the N.W. they are called Mul- laghareirk, and still westward the Clanruddery and Flesk Mountains. Woe betide the pedestrian who gets benighted here, " for there is not, between Mr, Aid worth's seat at New- market and the Knight of Glin's on the banks of the Shannon, a distance of 34 m., a single house worthy of the name of a gentleman's residence." — ■ Fraser."] Close to Kanturk Stat, is the village of Banteer, and 1} m. to E. Clonmeen, a residence of the OCal- laghans. Still following the Blackwater, and leaving on rt. Rosnalee (W. Leader, Esq.), Dromagh Castle (N. Leader, Ireland. 7? ute 31, — MiUstreet — KiUamey, 070 Esq.\ Keale, Rathroe R M'Carthy, . and Fiintfield, we arrive at m. Millstn ;. A little before at the stat. on 1.. on the f the river Finnow, is Drt- < t the residence of Col, Wallis ,acs stellated building flanked i:. 1 tower at each end and I with the old fortn ss, the i. 1 tower of which ri- m ] ortion. Drishane - built by Dermol McCarthy in : attractive point ab >ui t // '< I : Wallis Arms is in an open wooded Finnow, surrounded . which at Cahirbarnagh lain a heighl of 2239 ft e advano 'I out- Killarney group, that en Looming ery of Mill- need by tl. 1 McCarthy O'Leary, mnt Leader, the P ! ider family, at the mtains, on the roa 1 Millstreel to Ma . are the I . which com- bo the va] i After ... where im is c jed i ff to the ill . ;ill Pape approach to in the kingdom. i ' emini 1 M - of I id vail which spread over a large ana, and in fad extend with more or less in- terruption all the distance to GrOU- gane Barra and the source of the 1 << e, 33 m. Headfort Stat., passing which the line runs parallel with the Flesk River, thai Leaps from rock to rock with impetuous torrent. A very fine mountain road runs S. from Headfori to Macroom. Soon a sudden turn of the valley brings nsin sight of Eflesk Castle, the .-cat of D. Colt-man, Esq., crowning a wooded knoll, round the base of which sweeps the river. It com- mands one of the mosl enchant ing views over iIm' Lake and mountains thai it is possible to conceive. II in. /\/7A//"/// //Stal. Here the train, though by no mean- near its journey's end, usually disembogues 9-lOths of its passengers, the greater part of them eager for the Lake beauties which nature has scattered so pro- digally over this favoured region : a region so charming, that no amount of journeying to reach it can be con- sidered too great or too wearison The Killarney district is well sup- plied with hotel accommodation, and amongsl the 3 or 4 principal esta- blishments the visitor will scarcely wrong whicl 1 \ t he ch Railway is a magnificent and - house adjoining the stat., l>ut this, though eonvenienl in some lias, to the generality of visitors, the disadvanl of bei nearly a mile from the Lake, the view which is ah- ntirely cut off by the v. of Lord Kenmare's de- m< sne. N< xt in rank is the Royal Victoi el, aboul 1 j m. from 1 1 m, and situated in it- own grounds down 1" the N. shore of the 1 ..■ : : : fmmodation here is firs - in ev< ; ad the situation whole of the 1 iow< r ke, and 1 ilendid 1 in- is from M mg< rton b 1 1 R< ■ ]-- is superb : m< i ; '. it is the mi tril : i the bour- 280 'Route 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. hood. The Lake Hotel is also excellent, overlooking the eastern bunk or Castle-Lough Bay, and also I2 m. from the town on the Kemnare road. There are also 2 good hotels, Sullivan's and the Mucross, 3 m. S. of Ki Harney at Mucross. It will be advisable for the tourist to locate him- self outside the town for one reason, and that is, to avoid the beggars. All Irish towns are pestered with beggars to a degree that is disgraceful to the local authorities ; but the nuisance is felt w T ith tenfold force in Killarney, which seems to be the head-quarters of everything that is bold and re- pulsive in Irish mendicancy. No sooner does the visitor put foot out- side the hotel or station precincts than he is driven wild by touters, guides, and hordes of beggars, and should he be weak enough to stop and listen to any one of them, he need not expect to be left alone any more while he is in the town. Indeed, with the exception of a few shops containing local curiosities, such as ornaments made out of arbu- tus trees and such like, there is very little to detain him ; for, notwithstand- ing the enormous number of visitors who annually resort here, it has a wretched decayed look about it, with scarcely a single good street. " Along the 3 main streets are numerous arches, down every one of which runs an alley, intersected by other alleys, and swarming with people. A stream or gutter runs commonly down these alleys, in which the pigs and children are seen paddling about, while the men and women loll at their doors or windows to enjoy the detestable prospect." — Thackeray. It must be allowed, however, that since the author of the ' Irish Sketch-Book ' ] hissed through Killarney, it has con- siderably improved in cleanliness. The only building in Killarney worth inspection is the K. C. Cathedral, a very elaborate Gothic building after the design of Pugin. It contains some beautiful interior decorations by Mr. M'Carthy. Before describing the scenery of this neighbourhood, it is as well to touch upon the guides, a necessary con- comitant to every tourist according to the notions of the hotel-keepers and the natives themselves. As most visitors are tied to time and are anxious to see as much of the district as they can, a guide cannot well be dispensed with, and even should the visitor wish to do so, it is not easy to make the guide dispense with the visitor. At every corner and every point a new cicerone starts up, and so beleaguers the unfortunate pedes- trian, that he wishes he had taken one at first, if only to keep off the others. In justice to the guides, it is but fair to add that they are ge- nerally intelligent, good-humoured, always talkative, ready to protect their charge from being bothered by others, and useful in carrying any overcoats or superfluities. If the vi- sitor is staying at an hotel, he should consult the landlord, who will pro- vide him with an accredited guide at a fixed tariff; but if he takes one of the irregular guides, he should take care to make his bargain with him before starting. The hotels also pro- vide ponies and boats for lake ex- cursions at a fixed price, which the visitor can see before starting, and thus calculate beforehand the ex- pense of his excursions. He should also take the precaution to have plenty of small change about him, for, putting aside the beggars, to give to whom were as unpardonable and unneces- sary as to cast pearls before swine, he will find that the Killarney natives are wonderfully ingenious in extract- ing small sums — from the generously inclined, because they urge such good reasons for charity — from the closely inclined, to get rid of their impor- tunities. First there is the purveyor of box-wood, arbutus-wood, and bog- oak ornaments, who lies in wait along the frequented roads, and offers for sale pretty knicknacks at only double their value. 2ndly there is i.wn. Route 31. — Killarney, 281 the peculiar tribe of mountain-dew women, who, when you leasl expect interruption, whetheral the tops of the nntains, or in the wildest glens, How in droves of half a do/en at a rrying with them small jars milk and a bottle of whisky, recommended by them as a iins1 mountain air. From im r the visitor sips, but, - heart failing at the sight of so ny others, he is glad to compound Uling or two of all chan Associated with this idle fellows with a cracked bugle or an old cannon, or failing that rty, with their own ii \\ ith \n bich to awake - for " his i [ann< r, worthy Many of tl 1 hat ii are very amusing . hut they become a despe- rate nuis from halt" a dozen tpanyj i the whole length of your walk". bakh g off from th _ tndeur and iity of the scenery by their d (1. :> rmination to make !' is really a on which the lords of the n<»r would do well to entertain, the propriety of keeping th< in due bounds, and thus pre- ritora Leaving Kil- full det rmination never to < in. W r may . it will add v« iv • he thorougl aphy oi the Qcing a>. i I K '" may be sin at the h ran. Mill street it will I runnii y E. and \\ . « lirbaniftgli j». :. !<• i • P pS, 'I 1 vail- i '!• 8k, causing a deflection of the range b little to the S.W. in Croghane and Mangerton. At this latter, or more correctly at the Tore Mountain, which may he said to belong to it, the easterly group of Killarney comes to an vnd, being divided from the western group by what is called the Middle Lakes. The westerly group rises precipitously from the opposite side of this narrow strip of water, and runs for many miles nearly due E. and W., forming the finest and most lofty mountains in the kingdom. The mass immediately overhanging Killarney are called the Tomies and the Purple Moun- tain. These are ima-inarily se- parated on the W. by the Gap of Dunloe from the Alpine chain of McGillicuddy's Reeks, commonly known as the Reeks, the centre of which is Carrantuohill shoot- ing upwards to the height of 3414 ft. These 2 groups "of the Reeks and Mangerton are those with which, broadly speaking, the Killarmy tourist has to do at pre- sent; but it must not be imagined that they are isolated or detached chains 01 mountains; for on the con- trary, they extend on the W. as far as thi -coast, and similarly to ELenmare on the S. In a basin then between th< lupe Lies the Lake of Killarney, the first and by far the largesl portion bounded on the W. by the Toomii - and the Glena or PurpL Mountain ; on the s. by Tore Mountain, on the N. by gently swelling hills, of no hi i Jit between !<><» and 500 ft. . and on the E. by the undulating and wooded slopes thai fringe the bai Aangerton. Like m<>~t high- land lakes, the chi« andeur ol Killarney is al ii d; for jusl al paration betwi en T< *re and (he ( H( n;t Mountain run- a narrow prolongation, a river in feu it, called the Lon B nge, which, glid- ing round the Eagl< 's^ -\ « xpanda i I I. .■ ( embedded in t ; 282 Route 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. very heart of the mountains. This portion is fed by a stream which rises from the Dark Valley, or Cum- meenduff, one of the most sublime glens skirting the southern base of the Keeks, and dividing them from the remainder of the Kenmare group. If the tourist will study these broad outlines and take the following objects of bearing, viz. the Victoria Hotel for the N., Tore Mountain for the S., the Tomies to the W., and the Lake Hotel, or Koss Castle, to the E., he will not be so liable to be puzzled, when he gets on to the Lake, as to his whereabouts. The Lower Lake, otherwise called Lough Leane, comprises 5000 acres of surface, and is 5 m. in length to 2 J in average breadth. Its longest axis is from S.E. to N.W., which portion is the broadest as well as the most free from islands. The number of islands is one of the most charac- teristic features of the Lower Lake, there being upwards of 30, embracing a total area of 52 acres, varying in size from 21 acres (Innisfallen Island; to a mere rock of 9 perches. In addition to these islands, the greater number of which are con- gregated on the eastern side of the Lake, there is also the peninsula of Boss, generally called Koss Island, jutting out from the E. bank between Kenmare grounds and the mouth of the Flesk. The bay between Koss Island and Muekross is called Castle- lough. The Upper Lake is on the same level with and separated from the Middle or Muekross Lake by a narrow peninsula extending from the mainland at Muekross nearly across to Dinish Island on the extreme S.W. side, the connection between this latter island and Muekross being maintained by Brickeen Bridge, so that the waters of the 2 lakes are only connected at Brickeen, and that portion of the Long Reach which winds round Dinish, called the Meeting of the "Waters. The islands in Middle Lake, there- fore, are 4, of which Brickeen and Dinish Island are 19 and 34 acres respectively. From the S.W. corner of the Lower Lake, joining this narrow outlet at Dinish with the Middle Lake, there is a tortuous stream, known as the Long Kange, of about 2 J m. in length, which connects both Lower and Middle with the Upper Lake, the most beautiful, though the smallest, of all. It is 5 ft. higher in level than the others, about 2J m. in length, f- in breadth, with a surface of 430 acres, and contains 8 islands of 6 acres altogether. It is nearly separated from the rest of the Lake by the Purple Mountain, which projects between the two, the Upper Lake thus occupying a basin at the foot of the CummeendufT, or Black Valley. It is fed by the Cummeen- dutT Kiver, by the Owenreagh, a stream that flows into the same glen from the S.W., and also by a small stream from the S. flowing past the Police Barracks, and form- ing the Derrycunihy cascades. The Middle Lake receives the waters of the Mangerton group, flowing in at the OwengarritY Kiver, while the Lower Lake is supplied by the small Muek- ross Kiver, the Flesk running in on the E. shore, and the Deenagh close to Killarney town. There are also 2 or 3 little mountain streams on the W. shore. It will thus be seen that the lakes form a great reservoir for the waters of this important group of moun- tains, discharging them into the Atlantic by the river Laune, which emerging from the N.W. of the Lower Lake finally empties itself into the sea at Castlemaine. The next point which the tourist will have to settle will depend on the time which he has to spare for seeing Killarney, which will of course be influenced by many circumstances, such as weather, or the visitor's capability of fatigue, &c. Ireland. Route 31. — Aghadoe. 283 ould only one day be available, a nl deal may be seen in thai one : although only in the m< manner. In this case, an art by car to the fool of is n commended if the . cl< ar). The car should Wl ,t and take the visitor nd the Tore Waterfall. mpl< t ed this, anoth< r car ,uld be ;ed for the Gap o\' \ i .-. . and an arrangemenl made th hould in« e1 the tourisl I B idon's cottage on the I bring him back to 1. For 2 lays — Mai n, Tore, 1 a drive to the Police Ke imare road will Isl day : while I iployed in the (hip, Aghadoe and the 1) ;■■■ >n the jursion, Glena, Innis- i i Sullivan's Cascade. day may be devoted either v round the lakes, or the r of I antuohill and the l; ucely be observed that 3, walks, and water may be spun out and 'turn. I. — To (':ii» " f ]1 r. Leaving the R. C. < bedral, a privi ' i the d< - ! I K nm I Victoria ii which lountains rlimi, the - in II ■ ri A. little furl A celebrated for its eh. and round tower, once the seal of a bishopric, and stated in the Annuls of [nnis- fallen to have been the burial-place of a son of O'Donoghue. Tl singular building consists of 'i por- tions of different dates : the nave b ring considered by many antiquari a old as the 8th cent., while the choir was an addition of the L3th, The latter, which contains some tombs, [ s lighted al the E. end by a double- :1 ianeet window splayed inwardly. e nave was lit by round-headed windows, and is entered by a mag- nificenl Romanesque door in the W. wall, which even new in its decay shows many traces of exquisite are are. It consists of -A recessed arch 8, the 3 outer on - springing from pillars aboiri 3 ft. high, and ornamented with chevron, bead, and Ii mouldings, continued under the crown of the arch. Notwithstand- ing the apparent Norm, age of these ►uldings and decorations, Dr. Pe- trie has shown in his work on the ' Round Towers of Ireland ' (p. 200) that the use of such ornaments in Inland was of an age considerably anterior to the importation of Norm, architecture into the country. The round tower stands a little distance from the N.W. angle of the ch., and is in fi-'t incorporated with the wall sure. The h< ighl of what tie is lefl i- i\ 12 ft., and its cumference is 52 ft., the masonry which it is composed being re- markably regular. On the opposite side of the town is a mass round tow< r belonging to the castle of Agha- doe of rudi rials and workman- ahip, and evidently of early date, lough history mentions it i i re tra arthworka all ind it. en if* the vi dtor do not ,-y. the view from Agha- ,,ill D unpen d d( \ it beg cription, • , v . , ol( p norama of 284 Boute 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. Killarney lakes, mountains, woods, and islands, with their glorious lights and shades — sueh a panorama as once seen, never leaves the memory. 2 J m. rt. a road is given off to Mill town and Castlemaine 10 m., and occupying the angle of junction is Aghadoe House, the very charming Italian mansion of Lord Headley, the owner of nearly all the land to the N. of the lake. Further on 1. is Grenagh House (D . Shiel, Esq.), and at 5 m. the Laune is crossed at Beaufort Bridge. A beautiful spot is this, and a paradise for salmon fishers, who can have fine sport from the pools underneath the bridge, while the trout fisher will find ample employment in the still backwaters at the side of the stream underneath the shady fringe of wood. A road on N. bank continues to Killorglin 7 m. Passing the grounds of Beaufort House (Rev. Fitzgerald Day), the tourist should diverge to the 1. to visit Dunloe Castle, originally a mountain stronghold of O'Sulrivan Mor, and now the modernised residence of D. Mahony, Esq. Some of the most exquisite views of the Lake, looking westward, are to be obtained from the grounds. In a field adjoining the high road, near the entrance to the Gap, is the celebrated cave of Dunloe, discovered in 1838, which must be regarded "as an ancient Irish library lately disinterred and restored to the light. The books are the large impost stones which form the roof. Their angles contain the writing." — Hall. This writing consists of Ogham characters, the age and reading of which has long been a disputed point amongst antiquarians. "The conclusion to which Prof. Graves has arrived, as regards the age of the Ogham writing, is that it does not belong to the period antecedent to the introduction of the Latin language and Christianity into Ireland, in short, that it is an in- vention of the early monkish period. That the alphabet is not a very ancient one is sufficiently manifested by the arrangement of the letters. The five vowels, a o u e i, are formed into a group arranged in that order, thus manifesting the art of the gram- marian in distinguishing vowels from consonants, and again in dividing the vowels into 2 classes of broad and slender. A comparison of the Ogham alphabet with the Persepoli- tan and Phoenician alphabets, mani- fests that the pretended relationship between it and them has no exist- ence." The alphabet consists of series of scores or short lines branching off in different portions from a centre line called the Fleasg, which may be likened to a stem, the scores attached to which are the branches. The re- lative position of these scores to the main line constitute the difference of the letter. Generally speaking the corner angle of the stone is made use of as a Fleasg or medial line, though in the Ogham stone on Slieve Callane (Rte. 33) the Fleasg is in the centre. The visitor soon enters the Gap of Dunloe, which for savage grandeur is equal to anything in Great Britain, though on a much smaller scale than Llanberis. " The road now mounts up the hill by the side of the Loe, the ravine now becoming more wild and sombre, the hill sides more precipitous and frowning; while as you gain each successive step of tableland, the little dusky ravine ex- pands itself at the levels into dark and gloomy tarns which add wonder- fully to the effect." When fairly within the entrance, the car pulls up at a cottage, where dwells the re- presentative and granddaughter of the fair Kate Kearney. Unfortu- nately the beauty has not descended with the name to the dispenser of mountain dew, of which the tourist is expected to partake ; being the first instalment of successive troops of attendant Hebes, who pertinaciously follow everybody up to the top of the Gap, utterly destroying the charm Ireland. Route 81. — Oap ofDurdoe* 285 of the solitary grandeur by their 51 li sa gabble and importunities for money. At one place a cannon is fired off, producing a really line About the 9th m. the Loe is em- it issues from a savage-looking htly called the Black Lake, 1 here the car returns, leaving the • walk up to the head of the ip and down again to the head of the lake on the other side. A mag- nificont pass il is, guarded on each le bv tli*- precipitous qrags of the 1" - 2413 ft. and the Purple l£< untain , J7: , .'.» ft. on one side, and tli- R eka on the ether, the summit rmer group being frequently I 'in- singular feature ^( the Dm - the comparatively population that i- scattered srh it. Although at a distance ap] as though far removed from in haunts, the eye ><>on little sad-coloured cabins th their plot of potato or rye ground •1 hi nd there amongsl :i!<. Just before at the h a series Of small tarns which give birth to the river. Boon after beginning the descent of the Zigzag road to the head of the lake there is a singular logan or balancing Stone on the side of the hill to the 1. Arrived ;it the bottom, the tourist follows the stream of the Ciear- hameen from the Black Valley and arrives at a bridge, the gate of which is kept locked, until a silver key is applied t<» the janitor. From the Black Lake in the Gap of Dun- loe to Lord Brandon's cottage, at which the tourist has now arrived, it i> 5 m., that is, providing the road has been followed all the way instead of the short cut down the mountain. This is practicable, yet, although it appears to be plain sailing, it re- quires care, especially on the flat near the river, where the bogs are very awk- ward, and more particularly after wet weather. The boat should be waiting here by appointment, and now the tourist is in the hands of another class of Killarney guides, good-hu- moured, in: nt fellows, with a story for every rock, and a fable for every island. Their ingenuity in finding out impossible likenesses for h stone or stump is only equalled by the bold audacity with which they swear to the truth of the legend with which they have invested it. The principal islands in the Upper Lake are Eagle, Juniper, Ronayne's, and Arbutus [glands : the latter pr< » minently conspicuous for the indi- genous arbutus Arbutus unedd), the .: p culiarity and glory of Kil- larney. '• This is the only shrub pecu- liar to Killarney : ii is also found Glengarrin^ and in other p barony «»f Bear. It prevails throughout the Kil- larney v. iii sh( : and by i fob ii.l fruit add- much t<» ] I 286 Boute 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. wild in the twisted boles and gnarled stems of tins tree, covering the island with an interlacement of wood down to the waters edge; and Mackay, in his ' Flora Hiberhia,' mentions a tree near O'Sullivati's Cascade which he measured and found to be 9J ft. in girth. The brilliant red berries are in perfection about October and November, and add an additional glow of colour to the scene. Not only on the islands, but from the water's edge along the banks (of the whole of the Upper Lake in particular), rises mass after mass of foliage, so dense as scarcely to allow the scars and peaks of the mountains to appear. As the altitude becomes greater, the vegetation thins and the character of tree is smaller and less dense ; till at length the mountain soars far above, as though it rejoiced to have escaped the close companionship of the forest below. It is this wonderful succession of vegetable beauty, vary- ing in its colours from the brightest green to russet brown, and contrast- ing with the gleaming scars, each one of which is tufted with its miniature tree-garden, that gives Kil- larney such a magic about its scenery, and confers such superiority over all other British lakes. Another scenic advantage that the Upper Lake possesses is in its solitude and absence of habitations ; indeed , the only trace of man, save Lord Bran- don's cottage, is the large castellated police barrack that overlooks the Lake from the Kenmare road. We now arrive at the outlet of the Upper Lake, which is so' narrow and hidden by the little bays and jutting pro- montories, tli at it is difficult to fore- tell from which side it may emerge ; an opportunity not lost by the boat- men, who cunningly lay on their oars and offer a small bet that the visitor will not be able to guess it. The narrow passage is close under the W. bank, and is called Column's Eye, soon after which is Colman's Leap. " This Colman, once upon a time, was lord of the Upper Lake, and instead of following the example of his namesake, who, as a saint an I peacemaker, assisted St. Patrick in converting Ireland to Christianity, spent most of his time in quarreling with the O'Donoghue, and in pro- voking him to single combat. Being in a minority at one of these di- versions, it appeared to him a pru- dential course to fly, and, closely pursued by his adversary, took this celebrated jump over the river, where the guides show you his footprints on the rock." — Little Tour. And now the tourist enters the Long Range (2| m.), replete and over- flowing with delicious beauty, such as is described by Shelley — " Where the embow'ring trees recede and leave A little space of green expanse, the cove Is closed by meeting banks, whose yellow flowers For ever gaze on their own drooping eyes Reflected in the crystal calm : the wave Of the boat's motion marred their pensive task Which nought but vagrant bird or wanton wind Or falling spear-grass, or their own decay, Had e'er disturbed before." Alastoe. The banks on either side are co- vered with arbutus, and fringed along the water-side with the lofty Osmunda regalis, while a sudden turn of the river often brings in view the stately form of the red deer (Cervus elaphus), which still holds covert in the woods and forests of Killarney, the only other habitat in the kingdom being the mountains of Erris, in the Co. Mayo. Indeed, a staghunt is still a great event at Killarney, although it is but seldom that such an exciting incident occurs, the last occasion being on the visit of Her Majesty to Mr. Herbert, at Muckross. About half way down the range one of the most striking scenes in Killarney district occurs, as the river winds round the foot of the Eagle's Nest, a gigantic precipice of about XI>. B idi 31, — HncJcros8 Lak Glena, 2 7 V2> ating a bold front bo autifully draped with wood and vegetation that it is Like a vast mass of . wall. At tin' snjnmil of this cliff the E -till builds its not. 1 vari - are told by I itnien of bold attempts to capture in. II. re, if the boatmen \> - — a bugle, is the place to try the 9, and here, in former . it was the practio t>> fire can- non, the reverberations of which are ibed by those who have heard tething peculiarly wond< r- ful. But in i [lit uce «»f a frightful •ut that happened in one of fusillades, the practice is for- D. I toward drifts t it with the at. until it - to the end . where the le hanks b - \ with overarching fcr< t sees i -In ad of him Bri lg< . I t ugh the i the water rushes with arful rapidity. But if he land, he is mistaken, for th an admonition t<> sit quiet and lia pluck, the b >atmenmake •oting the rapi do with admirable cool- ^e and nerve. Indeed, - dare It pas _h it by night , - by day, and all very id< d the p e in .-till wal ely 8] i < > the I ■ . I . lie in ■km.is ►uld not n \\ keen, and surrounded on the E, si i by the grovi a and grou f Muck- 38. ( mi the S., too, rii i • d< rful Landscape mountain, the T< 1 7 « ', l ft., which with its tiersofwood passing from thick groves tothesh der bushes that catch footing in t! •• en via - of the summit, is one of i most striking and picturesque fea- tures in all Killamey ; it ua more- over, Bucha changing feature that it is qoI always easy to n it. The tourist may, if he pr< fers, land on tin- Kenmare mad. and walk i r drive hack to Killarney, visiting I waterfall and the Abbey p, 28! lerging from the Long Range ■ the W. bank of Dinish Island on which there is a very pi< »t- tage embowered in i Middle Lake byBrickeen Bridg . now enter the Lower Lake at its nar- rowest portion, and row into tl Lay ofG . where the lofty Glena, a portion of the Purple Mountain, deep shadows over this qui nook, the clear water of which refle the green forests which so den.-' cover the face of the hill — " From Dinis' green isle to Glena's woodi 1 she: Lord Kenmare has a c on the bank, a p< rfeel litth g< m ad he he . r< - over,with a kind thoughtfulness, built a Bimilar one for the u I D re all in c< ssari( - are provide 1 a dinner ; and for ;i | ;ty bent on c< lov< aery with th< ir en ature cob th- utiful in war] i. You a salmon in I teiy i >' ' have it broiled di skew* 1 apj 1 - lyii ; h<»u. r'a I ad 1: I . 288 Boute 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. O'Sullivan's Cascade. There is, how- ever, a very line fall called the Ministers Bjck, soon after turning the corner of the promontory. The adventurous who do not mind a sharp struggle up-hill, through an almost primaeval forest and over boggy ground, will be repaid, but the way is not by any means fit for ladies or for the delicate. " Sullivan s Cascade consists of 3 distinct . falls ; the uppermost, passing over a ridge of rock, falls about 20 feet perpendicularly into a natural basin underneath ; thence making its way between 2 hanging rocks, the stream hastens down a 2nd preci- pice into a similar receptacle, from which, concealed from the view, it rolls over into the lowest chamber of the fall. Beneath a projecting rock, overhanging the lowest basin, is a grotto, from which the view of the cascade is peculiarly beautiful, ap- pearing as a continued flight of 3 unequally elevated, foaming stages." — Wright. From this waterfall it is a short mile across to the exquisite island of Innisfallen (anc. Inis-faithlen), the gem of Killarney, " in which is found hill and dell — wood as gloomy as the ancient Druidical forests, thick with giant ashes and enormous hollies — glades sunny and cheerful, with the beautiful under- wood bounding them — bowers and thickets — rocks and old ruins — light and shadow — everything that nature can supply, without a single touch from the hand of art, save the crumbling ruins', and all in a space of 21 acres, makes Innisfallen justly the pride of the worthy denizens of Kil- larney." " Sweet Innisfallen, long shall dwell, In memory's dream, that sunny smile, Which o'er thee on that evening fell When first 1 saw thy fairy isle." Moore. Close to the landing-place are the ruins of an abbey founded at the close of the Gth cent, by St. Finhian Lothar (the Lesser), and adjoining these ruins is a chapel or oratory, with a Romanesque doorway, de- corated with tooth-moulding. In this remote and sheltered spot was compiled the Annals of Innisfallen, " a composition usually attributed to the early part of the 13th century, though there is very good reason to believe that they were commenced at least 2 cent, before this period." — Prof. O'Currey. Strange to say, there is no copy in Ireland, and only one in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, which possesses 57 leaves. " These annals contained a short account of the history of the world in general, and very little of Ireland till the year 430, when the author professedly begins a chronicle of Ire- land thus : — ' Lasp:aire Mac Neil regnavit annis xxiv,' and thencefor- ward it contains a short history of Ireland to 1318. " These 3 manuscript chronicles, the Saltair of Cashel, Tighernach, and Innisfallen, are written in Irish cha- racters and in the Irish language, in- termixed with Latin. They were formerly collected, with many other valuable MSS. relating to Ireland, by Sir J. Ware, and came first to the Earl of Clarendon, and then to the Duke of Chandos." — Connor. The visitor who has no interest in the annals will find plenty in ram- bling about this charming island, and taking in the opposite views of the Tomies and Tore on the S., the Slieve-mish mountains overlook- ing Tralee and Castlemaine on the W., and Ross Castle, with the Kenmare woods, on the E., and will return to Killarney after a day of such varied scenery as seldom falls to his lot. 2. Excursion to Muckross, Ross, Mangerton, Tore, and Lough Loos- cannagh. This is essentially a land excursion, and keeps all the way along the eastern side of the lake. Immediately on leaving the town I m 7? >ufr 31. — ^fuclross Abbey. 289 it. are the woods and mansion of 11 >use, the residence of the Kenniare, the principal land- 1 oftlie neiorhbomhood. The house itself i- plain. hut the gardens are rth visiting, and the grounds, from many points, offer most enchanting - of the lake. The demesne * \- from near the Victoria Hotel on the N. to K ss Peninsula inclusive on S. The little river Deenagh di- - it into 2 portions, in one of 3 Knockrier Hill, a hillock lerall) - aded for the sake of the wr. The peninsula of Boss is 158 - in extent, and is connected with mainland by a causeway, which in I level of winter i> flooded, ilv to make it what it is ge- : .tl ly .-.ni. ,. l; — Island On this '.and is h . a fortn ! ., consisting of •nil tower or keep — ■• Where ivy clasps the fissured stones Witt) Ita entwining arm>," : round« d by outworks, flanked by dl circular towers at tin; ang] The interior contains apartments m which exquisite Lake view- are itained : indeed, it \ situation in it- intrinsic interest thai K'»ss owes its celebrit . Although it^ I »un unknown, there isevery ison to believe that it was th- . the Lord of the 1 iue M unities into which ach was divided. I played in the civil l, when it surren- I. 11 Lord Broughil i I -- \Val [«-r, and v. tl held oul in Mun- -■ \ the I. eld tl. deli- ■ : qu< ia I [If horse and font, laid down their arms and delivered up their horsi The remainder of the peninsula of Ross, which is generally the place of embarkation for Killarney visitors, is prettily laid out and planted. A copper-mine was opened at one time, and promised to be productive 1 , until the water got in and drowned it. The visitor should not omit to try the echoes under the castle, if the guides or any of the party happen t< have a bugle. From the entrance to Kenmare House the well-sheltered road con- tinues due S., crossing 1 m. the Bleak at a pretty reach in the river. On the 1. is Danesfoii 8. Horsley, Esq. , and rt. the Lake Hotel. m. is the hamlet of Cloghreen, and on rt. the exquisite grounds of Muckross Abbey, the seat of Capt. Herbert. The visitor who has rowed round the Middle Lake will have seen a great portion of the beauties of this charming place, which as far as landscape goes has no equal in the kingdom. A very handsome Elizabethan building has been built of late years to supersede the "Id house, from de- ny Mr. Diirib. The attraction of Muckross, in addition to its scent ry, is the J/-/"//, the entrance I" which i- at the further gate, near the villa and 1m tels. The foundation of Muckross or Irrelaerh is ibed to McCarthy, Prince of I > smond, one of most powerful of the (dans who held property mar tin- Lake, and the jentative of the kings of Mun- r. Lie- date i f the building ted by Archdale to be 1440, a by th«- Pour M i to b of the 1 2 <•. !,'. 1 1 .. >W< V< I . iili- d mi- •( d in the 16th cen from a Latin in- rip in the wall of th.- choir. e plan i f the ch. i l choir, I ! which is a low square ton 8. 290 Route 31. — Mallow to Tralee. Ireland. and on the N. the cloisters, with the conventual ohices, consisting of refectory with vaulted apartment underneath, dormitory with cellar, and Ahhofs house. There is also a small sacristy attached to the choir. The tower is supported by 4 narrow pointed arches, aad contained one bell, which has long since disap- peared. There is a pointed doorway at the W. end, and an exquisite 4-light eastern window. " The chancel is in imitation of the style of the end of the 13th cent., the nave and transept in that of the 14th, and the central tower in that of the 15th." -Gent Mag. The chief beauty of Muckross is the cloisters, which are remarkably per- fect. A small door leads from the N. trans, to them. They consist of a series of graceful arches ranged round the sides of a quadrangle about 50 ft. square, and lighting a vaulted am- bulatory. On the 8. and E. sides these arches are circular-headed, while the remainder are pointed. The buttresses are carried sloping from the ground, as at Adare, without any uprights. The interior of the square is almost filled up by a gigantic yew-tree, with a girth of 13 ft., which spreads branches throughout the whole area of the cloisters. At the angles of the am- bulatory are staircases, mounting to the conventual apartments, viz., the kitchen, refectory with its large fire- place and arched recess for side- board, and the dormitories. In the centre of the choir is the modern tomb of the family of Mc- Carthy More. The care which is bestowed on the abbey and precincts is a jueasant contrast to the ne- glect generally observable in Irish abbey ruins, where in nine cases out of ten the mouldering relics of hu- manity are left bleaching in the open air. Close to the hotel a road turns off on the 1. to Mangerton, which rears its huge mass to the height of 2756 ft. It is not by any means a picturesque mountain, being rounded and monotonous in outline ; but it is a favourite ascent with Kil- larney visitors, on account of the magnificent view gained from the summit, and its easy accessibility, a fair road winding up almost to the top, so that ladies can ride up. When the visitor gains a pla- teau at about a third of the height he finds; as usual; the ad libitum ac- companiment of mountain-dew girls, buglers, and idle guides, who from their elevated resting-places can spy every traveller. The pedestrian need not imagine, therefore, that he can dodge them by leaving the road, for they are sure to cut him off some- where. At the steepest point, f of the way up, it will be observed that Mangerton, although so regular in outline from below, is abruptly di- vided into two great depressions, the one to the W. being a crater-like hol- low, from which the mountain rises steeply on every side, the hollow being occupied by a considerable tarn known as the Devil's Punchbowl, from which issues one of the streams that contribute to form Tore waterfall. An old hag has her station at a little well at the mouth of the Bowl, who, true to the creed of the natives, endeavours to levy a toll on the cre- dulous visitor. From hence a very steep "breath- er" lands the visitor on the summit of Mangerton, when he will perceive that the eastern boundary wall of the Punchbowl is very narrow, and se- parates it from a much more precipi- tous and magnificent cwm or corrie, known as Glenacappul, or the Horses' Glen, as fine a bit of scenery as any in the district. A chain of 3 small tarns, Lough Erhogh, Lough Ma- nagh, and Lough Garagarry, are al- most entirely hemmed in by the precipitous cliffs of the mountains around, the hill which immediately adjoins, and in fact forms part of Mangerton, being called Stoompa. Ireland. Route 31. — Tore — Loosccmnagh Lough, 291 A little more to the E., situated in a basin at the junction of the bases oi' Mangerton and Crohane [2102 ft.), is the large deep Lake of Lough Guitane, where the fisher is Bure of good sport. The troul grow to a great erize, one weighing 50 lbs. having been cap- tured in this lake. It is, however, not easy to fish without a boat. The view from Mangerton is su- perb, embracing in the E. Crohane, the Paps, Gahirbarnagh, and all that extensive country lying between Mill- stn i i. Mallow, and Tipperary, with the blue range of the Gal tees in the Ear Northward, and to the W. is I ■ with the Blieve-mish moun- tain- in the neighbourhood of Dingle and Ventry, while a faint white line in the horizon marks the north tuary of the Shannon as it flows - I rb rt and Kilrush. Due west the Tore, the Purple mountains, and the K' eks, with Castlemaine Ha- d and the Laune running at their t : to the 8. is an immense sea of hills occupying the district to- rds Kenmare. The Bays of Ken- ire and Bantry are prominent ob- in this view— a view which n be blotted out from the memory. At the foot tie the Lai of Killnriif-v in all their beauty, with the thick w 1- and grov< a encircling their ah - It ought to be men- I views, much superior to M in be obtained from I' Ht 1 "ii rt. turns off to Ken- •t the old road run- ning I- " I and M tgerton, used no* j,t by pedestria ii walk ujt the Owen- garrit! River on widen is the Tore G ; y'a I' rd, 5 j-ro id l< ads Brid . on the new road, distance below the Poli ks. is a tty mil, calli ( I scade, occurring I at the 1! m. The visitor should turn up the ra\ ine of the OwengarrirT, and follow the well-kepi walks to the roro Waterfall It is a fine fall of 60 it., although, like most others, it requii a Large volume of water to give it due effect. The steep rocky sides of the glen are thickly planted, and it Is at all times a very charming and pic- turesque spot. From Tore the road runs by the side of the lake. It is beautifully .-haded by Woods, and as the altitude becomes increased the views over the Upper Lake in particular defy all de- scription. At the base ofCromaglan mountain an additional effect is obtained by a tunnel through which the road is carried. 10 m. Galway's Bridge, where the old road to Kenmare may be joined. A little above the bridge the ( talway and the Ullauns streams unite, and in their Bteep course downwards to the lake form a broken and majestic fall, known as Derrycunihy cascade. In fact, the whole course of this mountain river may be said to be a continuous cascade, and the effect is wonderfully increased by the foliage that so thickly borders it. Further on, we arrive at the Mul- grave Police Barrack, a lonely cas* tellated house, which seems put th< for qo other purpose than for the con- bulary to enjoy the view, bo strangely out of place does it appear. 12 . in. Looscaunagh Lough is a wild and rather dn ary-looking she* t of water on the table-land at the sum- mit of the hill : and there is a road- side inn. generally considered I terminus of this excursion. Prom hence it is 7 m. to Kenmare. A new id of about 2 in. in Length 1 n made by Mr, Pn ston Wh through his prop rty, n< ar the upp c lake, which enables the tourist to drive all round the lake, and obtain the most unique \ iews in i • rict I t of ( irraniuohUl :. 1 1 1 . the i md in In land, is o 2 292 Route 31. — Wallow to Tralee. Ireland. undertaken comparatively rarely from Killarney, as the distance is long-, and the ground very trying. More- over, the liability to mist and clouds is even greater here than in most mountain districts, and after a long and wearisome journey, the tourist lias to retrace his steps without gain- ing his point. As regards lake views, it is not nearly so good as Mangerton ; but the character and features of the Reeks is so entirely different— so precipitous and riven with gullies, that it is worth the toil of an excur- sion to investigate them. The distance by the nearest way is 15 m. from Killarney. There are 2 or 3 ways of proceeding ; one by the Cummeenduff, or Black Valley ; also the Gap of Dunloe, at the entrance of which a bridle-road turns off to the rt., crossing the Loe, and passing a hamlet near Cullenagh, where a guide should be obtained ; but the most usual way is to proceed on the Killorglin road as far as Church town, and turnup to tbe hills, following the course of a largish stream called the Gaddagh (accent on the last syllable), the scenery at the head of which is magnificently grand. The river emerges from 2 lakes, Lough Gouragh and Lough Callee, between which is the Hag's Glen, at the very base of Carrantuohill, which frowns upon it, as though forbidding further approach. To the rt. is the mountain of Knockbrinnea (Knock a Brian hu, "The Hill of the Sheep Raddle,") 2782 ft., from the sides of which project the Hag's Teeth, sin- gular rocks, resembling the but- tress of some mouldering edifice. For about J m. the path continues up the steep, through rocks, stones, long grass, moss, and shingle. When- ever a steady footing is obtained for a moment, you are induced to turn and enjoy the scenery ; but from the deep retreat in which the pathway is embosomed, the view is greatly contracted, and altogether inter- rupted towards the W. The way to the highest peak lies along the summit of a ridge, some- thing like the red ridge (clawdd-coch) of Snowdon, the top of which is a narrow convex, and covered with grass so short and slippery that it can hardly be walked over in dry weather unless in stocking-feet. The summits of the Reeks are com- posed of a species of shingle, which after heavy falls of snow loosens and unbinds, gliding down the moun- tain's breast in the thaw. For this reason naturalists say, "the height of the Reeks may have been sensibly diminished in the lapse of time." — Wright. The principal magnificence of the view from Carrantuohill is in the sea- coast stretching from the Shannon round by Dingle, Castlemaine, Ya- lentia, Kenmare, and Bantry, to Cape Clear. As regards the Lakes of Killarney, they are to a great extent hidden ; but a fine view is obtained of Lough Cur- raghmore (Rte. 35), together with an immense number of small tarns. The tourist may descend, with care, into the Black Valley, but this will depend on his arrangements, for unless he has a boat ordered for him at the head of the Upper Lake, he will find him- self in no mood for the walk to Kil- larney after his mountain travels. The following is the comparative heights of Carrantuohill with a few other British mountains : — Carrantuohill 3414 Snowdon 3571 Ingleboro* 2361 Ben Nevis 4368 Ben Lomond 3197 Cader Jdris 2914 Slieve-Donard 2796 Nephin 2646 Lugnaquilla 3039 Distances from Killarney. — Mal- low, 41 m. ; Tralee, 24 ; Millstreet, 21 ; Aghadoe, 2 J ; Dunloe, 7; Beau- fort Bridge, 5; Miltown, 11; Kil- lorglin, 12 ; Head of the Dunloe Iceland. Route 31. — Geology of KMamey District. 293 I Jap, 1 1 : Lord Brandon's cottage, 1 1 : ( rlena, 1 : O'Sullivan'a Cascade, Innisfallen, 2 ; Rosa Oastle, 1 J ; M . : Tore Waterfall, -II: Man- : t .n Summit, 7 : Police Barrack, kraimucky Glen, 7 : Lough 1. 3c : . 12; Kenmare, 19 ; ( .. :;7 : Valentia, 40 ; Glen- I >f the Killarney dis- by no means intricate, the tire district belonging to tin i i >id U -1 Sandstone and the :«•. ! m round to the I . !\ill;irn- y is composed of car- stone, which is also 1 at the peninsula of Roes, ' the Lowe r I. fallen, Babbil [s- [nnisfallen we have beds wJ i their flagon* 83 and con- . and being inl I with dark grey shales, may ly belo the base of the 1 >ne, just above the lower Tl aeral dip is either - varying and frequently tl Prom the amazing con- beds hi , a thick] f 100 ft. raid b - to form the vv. ahor< - of I! the op of - I; v, • tind 1m da of dark gi to the 1 and At ! • <»f the island is a q O'D I . ilid li: it unequallj t tin] l"t of i.h d I "/. 1 1 I in- 1 IJed, which have been upheaved l>y forces acting from below, and after- wards acted upon from above by denudation. The chain of which Mangerton is a portion is also Old Red, like the Purple Mountains, Toomies, and the Reeks, principally composed of green and red grits and shales, the Lowei heinu-uTeen and coarsely arenaceous, known as Glengarriff grits, while tin; upper strata arc characterized by a purple hne. " Tin Mangerton range is traversed by a great anticlinal curve, one side dipping to the S. towards Kenmare, and the other to the \., towardi Biucross and Lough Guitane. The upper beds, known a- tip- yellow dstones, do not occur often. Th may he Been at the entrance to i Gap of Dunloe, and (probably at O'Sullivan's Cascades. In the Gap of Dunloe, at the S. of the Clack 1. ke, a great fault is observable, having 'a strike of W.N-W. acr< the valley, and causing a downthrow on the N.E. side. By this fault the lower Glengarriff grits appear in jux- taposition with the purple upp 1>1 Lough ( . i xpo« • be tbickn 2318 it., and tin *ly in the purple Bubdivisi of the -roup. On the S. side of Cum- in- enduff < lien a section is obtained of 5525 it., through pari of the i with lie purj Is : while Mr. ( >" K . lly determi] e thickness of one n ction over I mountain to the \v. . | | ■ l; ck- water al oo1 L< I yellow re arrive al a thickness of I :, L2.0 ■" :• Willi I and rare pi mi impr< | d U] 294 Route 31. — Malloiv to Tralee. Ireland. We must not, however, omit to mention that igneous rocks occur to the S. of Lough Guitane, in a hill called Bennavonmore, in the form of felstone of a columnar structure, and of felstone ash in the glen of the Cap- pagh river, and the north slopes of the hill between Stoompa and Eskduff. Taking into consideration the inter- stratification of the ashes with the sandstones, it is most likely that the intrusion occurred in the Old Red sandstone era. Perhaps the most interesting fea- ture in Killarney geology is that of the Glacial era, known as drift. From Cahirbarnagh to Killarney, all along the north base of the Paps, Croghane, and Mangerton, is observ- able a steep slope of drift and boul- der deposit, and it is particularly well seen near the spot where the rly. joins the Flesk, which has cut its course through this drift. At Kil- larney itself it disappears, but reap- pears again on each side of the Gap of Dnnloe, and runs W. all the way to Killorglin. Of course, with such a formidable range of mountain precipices, there are plenty of glacial groovings and evidences of glaciers. The best and most accessible are in the Gap of Dnnloe, about 1 m. from the north entrance. " It consists of 3 lunette- shaped mounds of local boulder drift, sand, and gravel, arranged in a rude, concentric form, one beyond the other, across the mouth of the Gap, the 2 entire mounds measuring fully 1 m. in length by 100 yards in width. The S.E. termination of the 2 outer moraines rests on the flank of the Purple Mt., at an elevation of about 400 ft. The inner mound is only 650 yds. in length by 150 in width, and it is cut through in its central part by the Loe, the road to Killarney also passing through the cutting. On the E. side of the Gap entrance, and at the base of Toomies rock, the drift is arranged in massive mounds. These have been steeply escarped at an angle of fully 30° to the W. The two last deposits left by the glacier, as the local climate became warmer, may now be seen on the N. flanks of Tomies, and at the N. end of the Black Lake, the former at an elevation of 800 ft., and the latter 512 ft., or 178 ft. above the waters of the Lake.'— Geol. Survey. There can be no doubt that the Lake of Killarney was once much more extensive than it is now, and that there has been a good deal of local elevation ; and as a proof, the geologist may visit some limestone rocks in the pasture-land of the S. part of Oahernane demesne, very much water worn, and in fact perfectly eaten away at the base. Of plants and ferns there is more abundance than there is of fossils. Of ferns the following are found : — Poly-podium dryopteris . .Tore Mountain. Aspidium thelypteris . . . Muckross Demesne. A. Felix-mas. Mangerton. Asplenium viride Tore Mountain. A. adian turn nigrum ...On the limestone rocks atMuckross. A. filix fcemina Muckross. Scolopendrium vulgare . . Pteris aquilina Trichomanes brevise turn. Tore Waterfall. Hymenophyllum Wilsoni Killarney. Osmunda regalis Opbioglossum vulgatum. Lycopodium alpinum ...Mangerton. Equisetum variegatum . .Muckross. Thalictrum minus Gap of Dunloe Isle. Nymphasa alba Peeks. Draba incana Tore, Mangerton, Saxifraga geum Tore. S. elegans Dunloe. S. hirsuta On Carrantuohill. S. serratifolia Dunloe. S. hirta « Carrantuohill. Rubia peregrina Muckross. Lobelia Dortmanna Lakes. Solidago cambrica Mangerton. Hieracium molle Reeks. H. sabaudum Ross Island. Apargia taraxaci Reeks. Erica cinerea Muckross, Arbutus unedo Islands in Lake. Orobanche minor Muckross Abbey. Melampyrum prat Mangerton. Scutellina galericuense . .Lower Lake. S. minor lata . . . Oxyria reniformis. ..... .Reeks. Paris quadrifolia Ross. Khyncospora fusca From Upper Lake. Carex rigida Carrantuohill. I LAND. Haute o2. — Limerick to Trtdee, 296 : mum flagellars In wo... is at Glen- Beak, very rare. D. rulvellum Reeka. llvpium mtcans Woods nr.Blllarney. H. < r st-inenium Muck: 11. c nfertum rorc Waterfall. hila irrigua Ho. lannia Lyellii ... Woods nr. KUlamey. nrpa Tore Waterfall. Ut.UU Do, i. MangertoD. ! fishing in KUlamey Lakes ighl to be first-rate, but it is aot, ac la anglii usual method 1 ii 3-fishing, by which a good Lmon are secured. For the r the rivers are the best sport. 1 1 v, rv I for trout, I when there is plenty of water, : hut it is tar surpassed by the Laune, where both salmon and kably good. good trout*nahing in 1 agh (iu but it will require a Id have to >nt Killarney. I lie Jmo ferox i.- plentiful in this last I til would, perhaps, b scarcely fair KUlamey without refer- Lds, although to re* i in detail would he foreign • pm >f a handbook : and visitor will hear plenty in the boatmen and guides, urns in proportion of their O'D •• Eyi iv ua forot d into y. The I out to the torn n-hou ' ble, cellar, in : be Of tin- lid - ... truth of b . -Hull. r .sun armed cap-a-pie, and mounted on his favourite white steed, and rid ever the territorial waters oil which he once held sway. Fortunate is that person who catches a glimpse. o\' him, for good luck is sure to fol- low him. " For when tli<- last April sun grows dim, Thy Naiads prepare bis steed for him Who dwell-, bright lake, in thee. Of all the proud Bteeds that ever hore Young plumed chiefs on sea or shore, Whit.- Bteed, most Joy to thee, Who still, with the young first glance of spring, From under that glorious lake dost bring My love, my chief to me." MOOBB. The remainder of the route from KUlamey to Tralee does aot require much description. The line runs through a dreary boggy country, which offers a wonderful contrast to the beauties that the tourist has just lefi — a noticeable feature, by the way, in the best [risb scenery, which, like tin oasis in the desert, is always approached through a melancholy and ugly country. Near Farranfore stat., 52 m. the river Manin is crossed in its course towards pastlemaine. Very near its source is the little town of Castle [aland, at the foot of the Clanrud- dery mountains. There are Blight remains of the old fortress, hut ircely of Buffici< id inter, -t to war- rani ;i divergence thither. 63 m. Tral< e Rte. 32 . {Eotdi onerhaasi t Arm.-, bad, ROUTE 32. LIMERICK TO TRALEE. i routes lie open to the fcour- : — 1 . I '. • oer ( ! ah the Low i" Shan- 296 Route 32. — Limerick to Tralee. Ireland. non, calling at Beigh, Foynes, Glin, Tarbert, and Kilrush. 2. By rail to Foynes ; and from thence by steamer to Tarbert. 3. By mail car all the way to Tralee. It will be sufficient to point out the various places passed by the steamer in its course, which cannot be visited except they lie near the landing-places. Gliding past the quays of Limerick and leaving in the distance the tower of the cathedral, the steamer enters the Pool, which is bordered by nu- merous pretty villas. Soon the river bends, having on rt. the towers of Coreen Castle, and to 1. 3^ m. the demesnes of Tervoe (Hon. W. Mon- sell, M.P.), and Cooperhill (J. C. Cooper, Esq.), behind which rise, from its eminence, the ruins of Car- rigagunnell Castle. 5 m. it. are the keeps of Castle Dounell, Cratloekeel, and Cratloe, backed up by the woods of Cratloe, at the foot of which runs the Ennis rly. ; and fine views are gained of the Clare hills, that lie between this dis- trict and Killaloe. 10 m. passing sundry islands which are grouped about the widening stream, is on rt. Bunratty Castle, situated a little distance up the Bun- ratty river. This together with the foregoing ruins are noticed in Rte. 33. On the 1. shore is the mouth of the Maigue, a considerable stream that rises in the S. of the county, and flows past Croom and Adare. A long shoal now intervenes in the tideway, breaking up the channel into N. and S. 13 in. 1. is the little pier of Ring- moylan, the port, if it may be called so, for Pallaskenry, which lies 2 m. to the S. Farther still on 1. are the demesnes of Castletown (Rev. W. Waller), and Bushy Park, the latter near the station of 16 m. Beagh, the landing-place for travellers to Askeaton 'p. 299 . Close to the quay are remains of the ancient castle of Beagh ; the parish of Iverus, in which it is situated, deriving its name from a Danish adventurer who built a ch. here. The whole. district abounds with raths. From the quay it is 4 J m. to Ask- eaton. Nearly opposite is the broad embouchure of the Fergus, which runs up to Castle Clare (Rte. 33;, and is the means of supplying from that county immense stores of grain and provisions. There are at this point considerable islands and sand-banks, which do not by any means add to the security of the navigation. Passing 1. the mouth of the little river Deel, we arrive at 24 m. Foynes, the snug little harbour and terminus of the Limerick and Foynes Rly., sheltered from the N. by Foynes Island. On the N. bank of the Shannon, which is here nearly 2 m. in breadth, are the village of Killadysert and the demesne of Cahircon ( — Kelly, Esq.), one of the finest residences on the Lower Shannon. 2. The Foynes and Limerick Rly. leaves the general station in com- pany with the other lines, soon turns off to the S., and runs through an uninteresting district to 7J m. Patrick's Well, the junction of the direct Cork and Limerick Rly., which runs through Bruree and Croom to Charleville, there joining the Great Southern and Western (Rte. 25). [About halfway between Patrick's Well and Limerick, to the N. of the line, is the village of Mungret, where the antiquary will find several ecclesiastical ruins. A monastery for Augustines was founded here by St. Patrick, and, notwith- standing repeated destruction by the Danes, was always re-edified, and continued to flourish until the Disso- lution, containing, according to the Saltair of Cashel, an establishment of 1500 monks. The ruins are those of the walls of the nave and choir, which was lighted by a Pointed E. window 7 , and of a square embattled ^ELAND. Route 3*2. — Manister — Adore, 297 i - ". B sides this abbey, there are lains of 2 cba and of a castle a little to the N.] In the neighbourhood of St. Pa- k's Well are Faha T. Russell, I :. . Elm Park Lord 4 Clarina), _ 1 lg( . to the n. of the rl; yflin D. Westropp, Esq. , 1 irtetna, and ('iron Mount l\ --(. to the 1. [The direcl Cork line runs due S. • in. passing en 1. the tower i . and en rt. that of Fan- _-i<«wn. I m is rather prettily on thi Mi igue, which i> here b bridg ad antiquity, app< ar- d< vivt d its name from its a with tin- Kildare family, ■ I Di-a-1 'I . which i mod< rni>* d and I 1. 1 tickson, M.P., built by one of the Earls of K the town un- , and round tower of ry similar to thai I K. rry Rte. 33). It livid, d into s, v, idi a window •h. • w indow with a alar In ad i s lly. M while uotion pit » i'v. a the m by a linn 1 which jainl - ' I Th<- theC ' ''H- • d "! . Hi - I by 01 ' tnmi m • .■ I Rati . and v I polil L imi rt- in the kingdom. My tr mi lly tin D8 d the w I I the same dimensions as the choir, and approached bya private staircase from the altar through the wall of the X. aisle. In the neighbourhood of Oroom are Caherass House Sir 1). Roche, Bart. , ( !room House 1 1, Lyons, Esq.), and Islandmore It. Maxw< 11. Esq. . The line now follows up the valley i>\' the Maigue, passing 8 m. Cluny- grove and ( den Sevan, to 13 in. Bruret . which p s& n - mains of a strong " triple " fortress i I the De Lacy, enclosed by a rampart wall more than 120 yds. round. Tl i> ;il><> close t" the eh. a castellated building erected by the Knights Templars, in the 1 2th cent. Bruree House is the residence of Captain Shelton. 18 m. Charleville, Rte. 25.] r J*he next station on the Foynes line is .11 m. A dare , the woods and ruins of which are very prettily seen from the lly.. and which d«s prave the name of '•• Ath-Dara," the Ford of Oaks. The history of Adare is intimately associate d with the great family <>f Fitzgerald, Earls of Ivil- dare, who founded the 3 Abbeys and n d the castle. The whole of the estate n verb d to the Crown on the rebellion of Thomas Fitzgerald, other- wise Silken Thomas. Ti le sub- .-< qnently sustain d Borne si< ; the hands alternately of the D< smonds and th- 1 .: 2 Lish, and was ultimately dismantled by ( Cromwell. The ruins situated on i oka of the ad, t< g< ther with the 1 narrow hi idge of M arches are a \ picturesque item in t! ae. \ '. •■ - particulaj ly rich in « a le- ! remains, and as fortunal in th< Earl oi 1 » tor of the Boil \n li" is ooj only sidenl and interi sU >\ in th< bu dp dui i b autiful mi' . A Manor h buill in \- n • ■ . ta- u 9 298 Boute 32. — Limerick to Tralee. Ireland. is now one of the handsomest resi- dences in Ireland. The abbeys are three : — 1. The Trinitarian Abbey, found- ed 1230, is an Early Eng. build- ing, consisting of nave and choir, now used as a Koman Catholic chapel, and surmounted by an em- battled tower. It is situated near the entrance of the park, and has been restored with great care. There is some excellent stained glass in the interior. Notice also the schools, which are in keeping with the rest of the ch., together with a very beautiful cross and well. 2. The Augustinian Abbey (date 1306», near the bridge, has been in like manner converted to the uses of the parochial ch., and contains on the N. side, in addition to the nave, choir, and tower, the cloisters which have been restored by the late Earl of Dunraven, who built a mausoleum close by. The refectory has been happily appropriated for a schoolhouse. 3. By far the most beautiful ruin is that of the Franciscan Abbey (date 1464 ., within the grounds of the Manor, though on the opposite side of the river. This also has a nave, choir, and S. transept, with a very graceful tower rising from the intersection; and attached to the transept are chapels and oratories. The nave con- tains 3 crocketed niches and an Early Pointed 3-light W. window. The S. trans, is a little to the W. of the intersection, and has on the E. 2 beautiful little' chapels, also with niches. A door on the N. side leads to the cloisters, which are in good preservation, together with the refec- tory and domestic offices. The in- terior of the choir has some elabo- rately worked niches and sedilia and an exquisite 4-light window. There are 2 ruined churches in the ch.-yard; one the Old Parish Ch., the other a chapel of 14th cent. The ruins of the Castle are most extensive, consisting of an inner ward surrounded by a moat, and enclosed by a spacious quadrangle. The keep or central tower (which may be ascended) is defended by a gateway connected with the tower by a semicircular flanking wall on one side. It is thus placed in connexion with the E. side of the inner court. The grounds of the demesne are charmingly wooded, and the river Maigne flowing through them affords excellent salmon and trout fishing. Admission to the park is obtained by ticket from the inn. An antiquarian work on the eccle- siastical remains of A dare has been undertaken by the noble owner. Continuing his course by the rail, the traveller passes 1. Clonsire House (W. Power, Esq.), and rt. Hollywood (G. Hewston, Esq.). 3 m. rt. is Cur- ragh Chase, the magnificent seat of Sir Yere de Vere, Bart., situated in a very large park, embellished with a lake and much wood. 17 m. BathJceale Stat. The town of Kathkeale, nearly 2 m. to the j§., is a long straggling place on the river Deel, though the second largest town in co. Limerick, and contains some ecclesiastical ruins. The Earl of Desmond built a castle, which was repaired in the reign of Elizabeth by Sir Walter Kaleigh, and has since been rendered habitable. There are also remains of an Early Eng. priory, founded by one Gilbert Harvey in the 13th cent., and consisting of side walls, gable, and tower. In the neighbourhood of the town are Rath- keale Abbey (G. Leech, Esq.), Castle Matrix, Beechmount(T. Lloyd, Esq.), Ballywilliam (D. Maunsefl, Esq.), and Mount Browne (J. Browne, Esq.) [the last on the road to Ballingarry, which lies 5 m. to the S.E. Here is another Franciscan monas- tery in ruins, though with the ex- ception of the tower there is little worth seeing ; also a castellated building in the town, known as the Parson's Castle : and the ruins of two others, Lissamoota and Wood- :l vnp. Route .°>2. — Askeaton — Foyn >. 299 . in the neighbourhood. The intry near Ballingarry becomes a tie more hilly and striking, rising K , ckl arina to nearly 1000 ft. A il h< ap now occupies the site of I to have been an ancienl i ] [7 in. to the S.W. on the direcl d t«» Abbeyfeale and Listowel, is town of anc. \m Inns : Vic- l turtenay Arms . on the river A small tributary of the Deel. A death of the great Earl of 1 > i, the property was grant* d ;u to the Courtenay family, hands it atiU remains. Of castle, thei si - ral tow rs, i gether [ueting hall. ( to Ringwo d and Castle \ . B ■ . II. RodwelJ . I A 3 feale and v.] w in; A suddi n bend \.\v.. . rt. Nantinan ( L House, and crossing I riv< - at •Jl in. t I ph- ther town of the Pi who, s their d it by a strong it with a magnificent I ' in which Jan* • Id, L5th | • I rer nri< d in l.v The at*- the Deel, which runs • I :hiroui M little the line, ifl n d romantic by a nion 1< ;»)• ; but below I > i.s tidal, all«'\\ i ch. < h linn - I ,U" C I with alt K I Dt. in the ruins of the B. transept, which was separated from the nave by 2 Marly Pointed arches, now blocked up. At the E. end rose 2 towers, square al the base and octangular above. The Franciscan or Rock Ab- bey is on the E. bank of the river, a little to the X. of the town. It was a magnificent cruciform eh., of later date than most that the tourist has visited in this pari of Ireland. The cloisters are remarkably perfect, and are enclosed on each side by 12 Pointed arches, support d by cylin- drical columns with richly foliaged capitals. The line now approaches the coasts and inlets of the Shannon, and arrives at the terminus of 26m. FoyneSt where the traveller embarks on board the steamer and Sails "lit into the channel of " The spacious Shenan spreading like a sea,'' the banks of which arc prettily wooded, although of nut sufficient height to be called bold. The geo- logist may be glad to know that -•nod coal-plants and shells haw been found in the coal-shales near Poynes Introd. p. xxvii.). Soon after leaving Foynes, the tourist passes on 1. the grounds of Mount Trenchard Bon. 8. Bic The next stop- page is at Glin, adjoining which thi itle, the s< at of the Knight ( .lin, whose family lias held it in on for b. iw. en 600 and r& The old Castle of Glin ua celebrated for its sit ge by Sir I n w . during the rebellion the Earl of !>• smond in the of Elizab th, i.i which, afb r a ti. roe hand-to-hand fight, the Knight of Glin and hi ant bund were royed. A fuU >unt of this affair will be found in Pacats Hiber- oia, or, Ireland Aj-i and h d. und t t: mil nt of Sil i , ( oi tin I l'r> - aid nt of Mu iii. / with it- w< oded h< adland, its lightfa nd battery, pretft aa of I 300 Houte 32. — Limerick to Tralee. Ireland. river. The channel, defended by the Tarbert Battery on the S. and Kil- kerin Battery on the N., is known as Tarbert Reach, immediately past which is a considerable estuary run- ning up on the N. to C louder alaw Bay. Tarbert (Hotel : Gallagher's) is a quiet little town about 1 m. from the landing-place, the road running by the woods of Tarbert House (J. Pater- son, Esq.). As all the routes from Limerick converge here, the mail road must now be described. Quitting the city through the S.W. suburbs, the road runs straight for 3 m. Mungret Cross Roads, where the traveller will find a little to the 1. the castle and ecclesi- astical ruins (p. 296). Passing rt. Tervoe House (Hon. W. Monsell), and 1. Elm Park (Lord Clarina), the isolated towers of Carrig a Gunnel (the " Rock of the Candle ; ') Castle are seen about 1 J m. to the rt. It was built upon a basaltic rock 500 ft. above the Shannon, by O'Brien, Prince of Thomond, in the 14th cent. But. though it changed hands several times, it does not appear to have played any important part until the Revolution, when'it was blown up by cider of General Ginckel ; " 84 barrels of powder being employed on account of its great strength." Saxifraga tri- dactylites will be found growing on the ruins. At 6J m. the Maigue is crossed by a drawbridge, and the ruins of 2 castles are visible. On rt. Court Castle, and on 1. that of Cullan, 10 m. A road is given, off to Pallaskenry, 2 m. Further on 1. the tower of Derreen Castle is perceived, with Castle Grey and the fine estate of Curragh Chase. 14 m. 1. Bally England House, and 16 m. Aslceaton. The next point of interest is at 23 m. Shana golden, a little to the S. of which is the ruin of Shanid Castle, one of the Desmonds' strongest for- tresses, fruin which they derived their war-cry of Shanid-a-boo. Between Shanagolden and Foynes is Knock - patrick Hill, 574 ft., commanding a very extensive view of the Shannon and the whole plain up to Limerick, together with the hills of Clare and Ennis on the opposite bank. On the slope of the hill is a ch., said to have been built by St. Patrick, whose chair and well are shown in an adjoining field. 31 m. Glin, from whence the road runs pretty close to the river, passing Glin Castle, Westwood, Fort Shan- non, and Ballydonohoe (T. Fitz- gerald, Esq.), to 35 m. Tarbert. [From Tarbert a run of 8 or 9 m. will bring the tourist to Kilrush (Hotel: Vandeleur Arms), a small seaport on the Clare coast, chiefly re- markable for containing an excel- lent harbour, frequently used by ships in distress. As it is the only port in co. Clare really on the seaboard, it possesses a fair share of trade, which in the summer time is considerably improved by the numbers of tourists and families bound for the bathing-place of Kilkee, which is 8j m. distant. To the S.E. of the town is Kilrush House, the residence of the proprietor of the soil, Colonel Vandeleur. The antiquary should not omit to take a boat from Kilrush and visit the ecclesiastical remains on Scattery Island (anc. Inis-cathaig), where the holy St. Senanus founded an establishment. Like St. Kevin, he sought a remote spot, where he vowed female foot ne'er should tread — not so remote, however, but that he was found out by St. Cannera, a female saint who wished to set up her tent with him, but who met with a stern refusal : — " The lady's prayer Senanus spurned ; The winds blew fresh, the bark returned ; But legends bint, that had the maid Till morning's light delayed And given the saint one rosy smile, She ne'er had left his holy isle." According to the Life of St Senanus, which may be found in the ' Acta Ibeland. Route o:2. — Kfflcee — Loop Head. 301 B actorum HibernisB,' his refusal waa coiK'lh .1 as follows; — ■ ( IP esul: Qui foeminis i immune est rum mooachis? \ noc allam aliam Adniiunnus in insulaui." The remains are those of n couple churches of the rudest and mosl primitive form, and the oratory of St. Senanus, "which measures is ft. by L2. The doorway, which occupies an unusual position in the S. side, is r. in hi ight, 1 ft. 10 in. wide at the ii. I '2 i'i. 4 in. at the bottom. Tb E. window splays externally, din this respect is probably unique in Ireland." — TPi The round •j-_! ft. in circumference, and 120 t't. in height, and pO£ - a way on a level with tin- ground, ill- r unusual feature. It v uck by lightning, which caused a at from the summit. St. Se- - is the same who built the eh. I ah ca Lthra, in Lough Derg (Ete . Kilki Hotd: Moore's), the d lion; thin --place for the S.W. Ireland, is situated on a snug little n retreating from that terrible te of C" ;! >r rocks which form Mal- and rightly so called, lor if a I happen t<» !><• entangled there, the only chan snip northern side of the inter- tall inlets of Dunb( I - innor. For about 20 m., thai Loophead t" Dunb< g, "theshore pi - i ;i magnificent scale the mi Nature in the aumerous and dl. asly cha8i , and island-] :nt<> which the of the Atlantic - have b bold rocky it." ; M y, at 1 which Kilkee is -it .t. at by I i ■ . . rna Rod ,t a short walk only La uec aary | t of the id th. itic ! wand L Bay, 4 m., where the clifife increase in height; and contain many fine caves in their recess - ; while to the B. it is a mag- nificent walk to Castle Point, crowned with the ruined tower of Doonlicha C'a>tlo. The most prominent feature iA' this pari ^\' the ooasl are Grean'a Rock and Bishop's Island, an im- mensely bold, escarped rock, called in Irish Oilean-an-Easpoig-gortaigh the Island of the Bungry Bishop , a name that well signifies the barren and savage aspect and the difficulty of reaching it. There is en it, how- ever, a line specimen of Bee-hive oratory and a house. " The ex* rior face of the wall, at four different hei des to tin- depth of about 1 ft.; a peculiarity not found in any other structure of the kind, and pro- bably introduced with the view oi 1 sssening the weight of the don shaped roof, which was formed, not on the principle of the arch, hut. as usual, by the gradual approxima- tion of the stones as the wall as- eended."-«— Wdkeman. For more distant excursions the traveller bhould visit Loop Head, 16 m. to the 8.W., the road to which runs about midway hei ween the Shannon and the Atlantic, Leaving to the 1. the village and bay oi' C'ar- rigaholt, and passing through the hamlets of Cross and Kilbaha. From the lighthouse at Loop Head i- a magnific nl view of the estuary of the Shannon to the E. : I Bead, Brandon Mount, and the hills of Dingle Promontory to the s., backi d up by the lofty summits of MM rillicuddy'e Ete ke ; ami to the \. the mountains of Count mara and the L2 Pin-, with the island an aiding out to sea, It is probably and wild a panorami anywhere in the three king- doi 'I'll.- cliff scenery on tin- por- tiou of th-- ooasl is also \> ry remark- [mmi dint. Iv round th ill a isolated rock, known ai D 1 ( Irania's 1' »ck ; an-! at i ! ..,:... r up are som 302 Route 32. — Limerick to Tralee. Ireland. the natural bridges which are such W< mderful features of this coast. The following are the dimensions of the arch : " Tin 4 span is 72 ft. ; height from the water, 49 ft.; thickness of the arch at the crown, composed of rock, and covered with earth and verdure, 19 ft. ; width of the sheet of rock underneath the arch, 45 ft. ; and width of the grassy walk on top, 30 ft. The other bridge is 45 ft. span ; the thickness above the arch, 9 ft. ; and the width, 30 ft."— Mrs. Knott. The geological explanation of these is very simple. All this line of cliffs consists of carbonaceous slates, which, being soft, are less able to re- sist the force of the waves and at- mospheric elements. In the case of the bridges, some of the lower beds, eaten away by the water, have fallen in ; and the upper ones, dipping both to sea and inland at low angles, have formed the natural arch. A little higher up, near the ruins of Cloghan-sauvaun Castle, there is a fine "blow,"' or " puffing-hole," and cave. The pedestrian who has time at his disposal, and does not wish to travel S., cannot do better than make an excursion up the coast past Ballard and Dunbeg to Miltown Malbay (Rte. 33) and the cliffs of Mohir.] Tarbert is 11 m. from Listowel, and the road is about as dreary and monotonous as any road can be. The ground is very high, and there is little cultivation or wood to please the eye until the river Geale is passed, when a long descent opens out a pretty view of the . valley of the Feale, to 6 m. Listowel (Hotel: Listowel Arms), a small country town on the banks of the Feale, which is a noble salmon and trout stream, though rather late in the season. There is nothing to see save a couple of ivy- covered towers of the old castle, which was the last that held out against Elizabeth in the Desmond insurrec- tion. Conveyances. — Car to Tarbert and Tralee. Distances. — Tarbert, 11 m. ; Tralee, 17 ; Abbeyfeale, 10 ; Ballybunion, 9. Excursion. Ballybunion. [A road runs along the banks of the Feale to the S.E. to Abbeyfeale, in itself a small uninteresting town, but situated in the heart of a very wild district, at the foot of the Mul- laghreirke Mountains.] A more pleasant excursion can be made from Listowel to the little bathing-place of Ballybunion, 9 m. distant, the road thereto crossing the Galey, a tributary of the Feale. The coast at Ballybunion is famous for its caves. " The cliffs immediately contiguous to the bay extend in nu- merous intricate passages, through which a boat may pass for a consider- able distance parallel with the coast, without entering the open sea." The largest, known as Neptune's Hall, or the Pigeon Cave, is from 70 to 80 ft. in height. The visitor should ramble up the coast to Doon, where are some detached rocks and natural arches. The coast was well defended in days of yore, as in this short walk the ruins of no less than 3 castles are visible. [Some 7 m. to the S., near the vil- lage of Ballyduff, is the ch. and round tower of Battoo. The latter is 92 ft. in height, and 48 ft. in cir- cumference at its base, which is placed on a terrace or platform, con- nected with a causeAvay, that extends in a line opposite its doorway. This is semicircular-headed, the arch being formed by 3 stones, and ornamented with a flat band. The interior of the tower is divided into 6 stories, the uppermost of which contains windows facing the cardinal points.] Adjoining Listowel is Ballinad- dery (J. Todd, Esq.). The road to Tralee is carried over rather high ground skirting the Stack and Clan- ruddery Mountains, which, though of no great height, are wild and desolate [ LA\P. Route 32. — Tralee— Dingle. 303 in appeal-am Save a pretty glen through which the road runs, there ot much of interest until within \ in. of Tralee, where the view the Blieve Mish and Dingle Moun- 3, with the sharp peaks of the l; ■ ks rising over them to the L, is mely fine, and quite repays a dull dri\ 2] in. Tral Irm: Blennerhasset A s, nol good i> the largesl seaport ilv in Ki rry, but in the 8.W. of I land, and exhibits a considerable .1 _ f bustleand animation. The of Blennerville is aboul 1 m. dis- and is connected with the town ship canal, as the Tralee river is kably shallow. Tralee is an at place, and has been identified history and times of the 1 .1 family; indeed the grave of 1 is to be ut 8 m. to the E, of the town, : Little to the N. of the demesne M n the road to Castle I d. Notwithstanding the* sso- & sg - few or no anti- remains. Adjoining the town, which contains the usual accompani- 1 1 1 ts of an assize town, are the undsofSir Edward Denny, which rally thrown open to the inha- p v . to,: The arena a -: should visit the ar i. of B • 38, which p characteristic square- of ( lyclo] i in ma- La built of old red . a singular (act when we • • ighbourhood eon- ;' linn ' ■ - i to Limerick ; I rl ; rail to Kilhin • Min. Killamcv, 22 I . : 'I I- 1,11; M ill 1 J : K ; : :\\u. IT I ,10; 1 • 27; 1 . I. • 1. i ~ !. '. I I 4. Gahirconree< 5. Ratass. [Tralee and Castlemaine are the northern and southern entrances re- spectively into the Promontory of Dingle, one of those extraordinary prolongations of land which are common on the S. and S.W. coasts of Ireland from Tralee to Dunmore Bead, and from Brandon to Ventry. The whole of the promontory is occupied by a backbone of moun- tains, which attain very consider- able heights, and slope precipitously down to the seaboard. The best way of seeing the promontory will be by making the circuit, or as near a circuit as the roads will permit, The route skirts the 8. shore of the bay of Tralee, close at the foot of Oahir Conree and Bautregaum, which rig abruptly to the heights of •j 7 1 : i and2784 ft. A little tarn under the rugged escarpments of the former mountain gives birth to the Derry- ni ore stream, which is crossed at 5 in. 8 m. at the Finglas river, which rises in Caherbla, V.r2G ft., a direct id is given off to Dingle, joining the S. rood at Anascaul. 13 m. at Castle Gregory, a little triangular- shaped town at the foot of Beenoski 2715 ft.,a Bandy promontory is thrown out i-» the X. of 4 m. in length, that divides the bays of Tralee and Bran- don. The tennination of this penin- sula, however, is rugged and dan- ad is, moreover, guarded by cky islands, known th, g o H< gs. Brandon Mount, with gnincenl clifls, is now the principal object in the landscape, rising to the great height of 3126 ft. : lao Btretches out N. and B., almosi entirely to fill up the r. maining portion of the promontory, the sea side particularly the precipiot a are tremendous, and de- ith such sudden escarpmei forbid the approach of any .. which is tli. i • -sarily flective towards thi B.W., en ing ,,\, r to Dingle by a iin« 304: Route 32. — Limerick to Tralee. Ireland. mountain-pass between Brandon and Connor Mountains. As the road emerges from the defile, the tourist gains exquisite views of Dingle Bay and the opposite mountains of Ive- ragh. Both Brandon Mount and Connor Hill are admirable localities for the botanist, many beautiful ferns and plants finding a habitation in their savage cliffs; amongst others Trichomanes radicans, Poa alpina, Oxyria reniformis, Sibthorpia Euro- paea, Saussurea alpina, Pyrethrum maritimum, Saxifraga affinis, S. cses- pitosa, S. argentea, and S. geum.] 27 m. Dingle {Inn : clean and com- fortable) is one of the most westerly towns in Ireland, and probably one of the most wretched, but it is finely situ- ated at the foot of Ballysitteragh, 2050 ft., and at the head of Dingle har- bour, a snug, sheltered bay, on the W. shore of which are the grounds and mansion of Burnham, the seat of Lord Ventry, a narrow neck of land, of about 1 m. in breadth, separating the harbour of Dingle from that of Ventry, which is considerably larger, though much more exposed to S.W. gales. This neck of land is said by tradition to have been the very last piece of ground occupied by the Danes in Ireland. The village is situated at the N. of the harbour, near the termination of a smooth strand. At Fahan, a village a little to the W. of Ventry, is the most remark- able collection of Beehive ancient houses in Ireland. The distance be- tween Dingle and the opposite coast is so small that a good deal of intercourse is carried on between this district and that of Iveragh, in which Cahirci- veen is situated (lite. 35) ; and the tourist who is bound for Valentia and Waterville cannot do better than sail across, always provided that the weather is settled and the wind fair. To the W. of Ventry the promontory is terminated by Eagle Mountain, 1695 ft., a fine abrupt hill, ending seaward at Dunmore Head. The most peculiar features of the district are met with in the Blasket Islands, that lie off the land, and are frightfully ironbound. In the Great Blasket the cliff of Slieve Donagh, on the N. side, rises steeply from the water to a height of 967 ft. higher than the cliffs of Mohir. Further out is Tear- aght Island, a lofty rock of 600 ft., also rising out of the water in a similar manner to the Skellig (Rte. 35 J ; and to the N. of the Blasket is Inishtooskert, where are to be seen the ruins of St. Brendan's oratory. The Dingle promontory has been called the key to the geological structure of the S. of Ireland. It con- tains — 1, Upper Silurians ; 2, Tile- stones, with Pentamerus Knightii; 3, Glengarriff grits ; 4, Dingle beds, which latter are really a subor- dinate division of the Old Red, consisting of red slates and sand- stones with thick beds of conglome- rate intermixed with pebbles of Sil. limestone and fragments of jasper and hornstone. Above these are red sandstones passing conformably into yellow sandstone and carboni- ferous shales. The geologist will find good Sil. fossils at Ferritor's Cove, and some fine sections between Sibyl Head and the Slieve Mish Mountains, and again from Brandon Head to Bull's Head. Various legends are in existence with respect to the former colonisa- tion of the Dingle promontory by the Spanish; and 3 m. to the N.W. of Ventry is Ferritor's Cove, where, in 1579, Sanders, the Pope's Nuncio, and 80 Spaniards, landed and built a fort, which was afterwards garrisoned by a party of 700 men. They were, however, attacked and massacred by the Lord Deputy and Sir Walter Raleigh. Several ancient encamp- ments are to be seen at Smerwick, which is on the W. coast of Smerwick Harbour, a fine sheltered bay, bounded on the W. by the headland of the Three Sisters, and on the E. by the rising ground of Brandon Mountain. Ireland. Route 8*2. — Dingle : Excursions, 305 In this neighbourhood is the finest range of & i cZi^i in Munsto r, the chief elevations being Sibyl Head, Sisters, Bally David B d, and Bran Ion Head, varying fa height from 7<'<» tolOOO ft. "The neighbourhood of Smerwick I [arboui' unds with the remains of Btone - and circular stone housi s, ther with ancient oratories ex- hibiting only -.in imperfect develop- in I ■ Roman mode of construc- n, being It of uncemented 3 admirably fitted to each other, ir lateral walls converging to th apex in curved lines." — P< tru . Theantiquary should ut for the oratory oft iallerus, one singular of these early re- ins. [t - 13 ft. in Length, 10 ft. in bn adth : while its heig »f the roof is 1<> ft., the ig formed by the gradual ximation of the side walls from upwards. It is ent xed a squan -headed doorway in the W. gal In the graveyard is an 1 pillar-stone, with an imperfect inscription in the By- ntine character, of the 4th or 5th it. A1 Kilmalkedar, 1 m. distant, is ler pillar-stone, in which the is perfect ; and also a ry int little eh. of 11th or 12th c< 'it. A l ' G 1. 3 in. N.W. of 1 1 Bome remains of the St. Monacha • 1 1 k r liar-stone inscribed with « >_ in characte] s. ■ urn from 1 tingle by the a finer than on the N.. • abrupt- hills and the magnificent In the the village of ia>ca' the riv. r ( I iul, I ady tl the < S The following excursions can be recommended from Dingle: — 1. To the Cliffs at Sibyl Bead, which are very tine, and can easily be visited by taking a car to Ferrito] Cove. Directions for a pedestrian : Turn off to the n. alter passing the mill at Milltnwn, and procei d by Gallerus and across the sands at the end of Smerwick Harbour. Return by the regular road as far as the ruined castle on the top of the hill above Ventry; then turn to the 1. and keep along an old road which leads into the main rond again half- way between Ventry and Dingle. The distance will be about 20 tn. 2. To Brandon Head. -Take a car to Coosavaddig ( .» m.), from when it is a steep climb of 3 or i m. to the top of the Head. 3. Brandon Mountain.— The ascent cam be made either from the \V. or Ballybrack side, or from the Cloghane or E. side. The former is the easiest ; but the finest view is obtained by the latter route, passing through a wild glen with precipices on every side. It will be advisable to take a guide for this route. 4. Take a cur to Glenfahan 8 m.), then walk round Slea Head to Du i- quin, and from thence back to 1 >ing by the regular road. There is a Bplendid view from the top of the hill between Dunquin and Ventry, Distance from Glenfahan about 12] 5. The Coumanare Lakes. — As? • mnor Hill ! m. and - off to th<' rt., keeping in a direction for about 1 m., w Lata - b scome visible, may mentioned that a nuxul r of arrow- heads have b. .1! found on i • m Hill. Tradition speak •le. 6. To the Blasquets b; I boatmen an exorbitant in their 7. I i the oppo- le of D 1 1 I '/'. [A ion in ij b 306 Boats 33. — Limerick to Boyle. Ireland. to Ardfert, 5 m., the seat of W, Crosbie, Esq. Here are some of the finest remains in the co. of Kerry. The see of Ardfert is united with that of Limerick. The cathedral consists of a nave and choir of E. E. date The nave contains 4 cir- cular-headed arches, together with 3 arches supported b}^ square pillars leading into a chapel. The choir is lighted by a beautiful 3-light win- dow of great height, and also, on the S. side, by a series of 9 trefoil- headed windows. On either side the altar are niches, one of them con- taining an effigy, supposed to be that of St. Brandon, the patron saint. To the N.W. of the ch. is the bury- ing-place of the Countess of Kerry, and now of the Crosbie family. A round tower, 120 ft. in height, for- merly adjoined the W. front, but it fell in 1771. A portion of the cathedral has been incorporated with the parochial church. Close to the ca- thedral are the ruins of an interest- ing chapel of 12th cent. Very little remains of Ardfert Castle, which was finally destroyed in 1641 during the wars of that period. Ardfert Abbey is the seat of the Crosbie family, who have been settled here since the re'gn of Elizabeth. With- in the grounds are the ruins of the Franciscan Abbey, founded in the 13th cent, by Thomas, Lord of Kerry. They consist of a nave and choir, with a tower on the W., a chapel on the S., and the refectory and cloisters on the N. The choir is lighted by 9 windows on the S., and also by a, 5-light E. window of beautiful design. It contains 5 monumental recesses underneath the windows. The S. chapel is sepa- rated from the nave by 3 pointed arches with round piers : on one is an inscription to the effect that Donald Fitz Bohen completed the chapel in 1453. The window of the chapel is particularly good. Some few miles to the N.W. of Ardfert is Bally- lieigue, the seat of Major Crosbie.] ROUTE 33. FROM LIMERICK TO BOYLE, THROUGH ENNIS AND TUAM. Limerick, anc. Luimneach (Hotel: Cr use's, good), combines the as- sociations of one of Ireland's his- torical cities with the improvements of modern towns, and may be said to be almost the neatest and best built of any place in the kingdom. (Pop. 44,408.) Like most of the Irish sea- ports it was originally inhabited in great force by the Danes, who were expelled by Brian Boroimhe when he assumed the sovereignty over Mun- ster and Thomond, Limerick thus becoming the royal city of the Mun- ster kings. After passing through the usual stages of intestinal native war, its next important epoch was marked by the erection of a strong fortress by King John, who committed the care of it to the charge of William de Burgh ; and from that time, with a few intervals of check, it steadily gained in importance until the reign of Elizabeth, when it was made the " centre of civil and military ad- ministration." But the great episode in the history of Limerick took place during the wars of William and James, when the events occurred which fastened on it the name of the " City of the Violated Treaty." After the. fall of Athlone and Gal- way,Tyrconnel, the Lord Lieutenant, still held Limerick as the last strong- hold that King James possessed, the city having been previously unsuccessfully assaulted by the Eng- lish in 1690. A fit of apoplexy carried off Tyrconnel, when the government, both civil and mili- tary, fell into the hands of D'Usson and Sarsfield. Ginkell, the English commander, endeavoured to take the town by an attack on the fort which overlooked and protected the Tho- fREI V\K Route 33, — Limerick. 307 I Bi idge. " In a short time the - storan d. The Boldiers who . rrisoned it fled in confusion t" the city. The Town Major, a I ich ofific( r, who commanded al Thomond Gate, afraid thai the u< rs would enter with the fugi- rder< d that ] art of the bridge ch was ii( aresl to the city to be drawn up. Many of the [rish went dlong into the stream and perished < >th< rs cried for quarter, and held up tl eir handkerchiefs in token 3ion. But the conquerors i with rage, their cruelty could aot be immediately restrained, and do prisoni rs \\« re made till the = - above the I I rison of the fort d of about 800 nun. only I scaped into Li- lulay. It of ipture was the fall r in Linn rick, ami indi d in Lr< land, and the sign- famous in atyon the stone • <>n 3rd Oct. 1691, of which provided R >man ( Catholics should Die priviL gres of their enjoyed in the r( ign I id thai William and would endeavour to ensure I immunity from disturbance it of th< ir religion. This - Q< ver carried I e city ha r since Hon fora large quantity of : sent day one bustling and pleasant in a broad plain, . and backed upii ( K riv. r, which booh rolls in a n ugh rids <• .ill. d with • known as portion of which is built the English Town, united to the mainland by "► bridges, and containing the most ancient buildings. In contradis- tinction is the Erish Town, which Lies to the S. of it, and more in the direction of the rly. station. These >> districts comprised the fortified old town. Up to Edward EI.'s time <'idy the English Town had been defended by walls, but these were subsequently extended so as to include Irish Town, which was entered by St. John's (.ate. Newton Pery, the district between this and the river, was then hare, but, having come into the pos- n of the Pery family, it was speedily built upon, and is now equal to any city in Ireland for the breadth and cleanliness of its streets. Of Vm>v the principal is George Street, a handsome thoroughfare of marly a mile in length, giving off others on each side at right angles, and adorned with a statue of O Cou- ncil at the end of it. There is also to the N. a monument to the memory of Lord Monte agle. The Shannon is crossed by 3 bridges, of which the Thomond Bridge, rebuilt in 1839, claims priority from its ancient associations. It connects English Town with the Co. Clare, the entrance from which, through Thomond Gate, was pro- t« ci d by I be fori mention* d above, . nd Kin-- John a Castle. < hi the N.. or Clare Bide, the stone is still to be » en on which was signed the treaty of L691. Wi lh sley Bridge eoniH cts Newtown Perj with the a 1 from Limerick to Ennis. It is a fine mod. in bridge of 5 elliptic 9, with an o] en balustrade, and having b swivel on the city side, so that the Shannon navigation might in. t be inn rfered R ith. At hhmkard dso consisting of "» arch< 9, ly be .-aid to be in t. : it connects the V I •'.. Bubtu Killalo id. I; me minor 0,,!ii. 308 Route 33. — Limericlc to Boyle. Ireland. New Bridge continues the main street into English Town ; and Baels (pronounced Bawls) Bridge, connects English and Irish Towns, at the spot where the Lock Mills Canal, cutting off a long reach of the Shan- non, falls in. This bridge replaced in 1831 an older one called the Tide Bridge in maps of the time of Eliza- beth, and which was washed away by an unusually high tide in 1775, together with several houses that projected over the water. The origin of the name is supposed by some to be "Bald" Bridge, being so called in Latin documents (pons calvus) because it had no battlements ; others think it was Boyle's Bridge, as form- ing part of the grant made to Boyle, Earl of Shannon. The 2 principal objects of inte- rest are the castle and cathedral, both close together in the English Town. The former still retains the massive gateway and strong drum towers which characterised the fortresses of the early English settlers ; but its venerable appearance is marred by the addition of the mo- dem roofs and buildings of the barracks into which the interior has been converted. The cathedral is still under pro- cess of restoration, but fortunately, is under judicious hands, and is not modernised like the castle. Although said to have been originally built by Donald O'Brien, King of Limerick, in the 12th cent., it has been so often added to and altered, that little, if any, of the old edifice is in existence. The plan of, the ch. is not cruci- form but 3-aisled, with a fine tower rising directly from the W. end. A battlement runs along the aisles ex- ternally, and the angles of the tower are finished off with Irish stepped turrets. Internally the arrangement is singular. The aisles are sub- divided both lengthways and cross- ways, so as to form a series of chapels. Immediately on the rt. of the entrance porch is one containing the tombs of the Earls of Limerick, and adorned with some good stained glass and an illuminated ceiling. A chapel in the N. aisle contains the organ,* and an early mural inscrip- tion under some trefoil-headed arches; In the chance], which is lighted by an E. E. window with stained glass, is an elaborate marble monument of different colours to the Earl of TLo- moncl, which we are told in the epitaph suffered great defacement in the rebellion, and was subsequently re- stored by the Earl of Limerick. On S. side of the altar is an ambry lighted by a circular painted window. The nave is divided from the side aisles by 3 plain Early Pointed arches, and there is a triforium with plain round-headed arches. Tiie tower should be ascended for the sake of the view, which is very charm- ing, embracing a wide expanse of the Shannon, and the plain through which it flows, the hills in the neigh- bourhood of Castle Clare, Mount Keeper and the Killaloe hills ; while the foreground is occupied with the antique -looking English Town, the modern city, and the busy harbour. A pretty story is told about the bells, viz. that they were made by an Italian, and of such exceeding sweet ness that he was very proud of them, and sold them to a convent. In course of time troubles came upon the religious house, so that it was broken up, and the bells carried off to distant lands. The Italian, whose fortunes shared in the general wreck, wa£ driven from his home, and became a wanderer. Chance brought him to the Shannon and to Limerick, when the first sound that greeted him a^ he sailed up the river was from hi,' own bells, the pride and joy of his heart. Such pleasure was too great for the heartbroken exile, who was found by the boatmen dead ere they got to the landing-place. The visitor should not omit to ramble through * The service on Sunday is choral, and re- markably well done. i.wn. Rout* 33. — Limerick. 309 *n-looking streets of English xu. although ii must be confessed inhabitants thereof are bo attractive nor orderly as in >th< r districts. The other objects of interest in Limerick are of a civil military character: the latter unbracing 4 large barracks; the ier, tin Excl ange, County Court- a Merchants' Quay, gaol, and ' infirmary founded by the u family in L829. The tourist ahould visit the new B. 0. I . and the ch. of the Re- designed by P. C. Hard- its noble situation on inon, Limerick has Long oded a prosperous trade, and dd, from its proximity to the At- uently to America, principal Ameri- i k and Galway, how- itors for the r. •• , or ex- »ut L600 yards in length in br< adth, with from 2 to low water, and 19 at spring I - : which latt< r enables ves moor at the quays. The and wharfage extend 1600 si 18, ! /. The com- I port I osiderably ud will l>o greatly berj - ting doc] n- :» 1,0001. : Ly a v. 8» 1 to it, there are now 105 hi 1835 the expoi '()/.. in 1842 upwards of . - Thorns. T D of 1 ed here by an enter- inn, Messrs. 1 ; . wh< i .,1' WV1- .. 1- of mp< r : glovi e thai ;i will ; i :i weddii 1- i I up in fot which of rasl mi Linv indeed the town lias been as famous as Honiton or Valenciennes, TJ principal establishment is that oi Messrs. Forresi at tic corner <>! Glentworth Street, where several hundred females are constantly em- ployed. The laee factories are not Open to public inspection, and the visitor will regret it the less as no machinery whatever is employed, all the work b< ing done by hand on frames or patterns. Some of the varieties, especially that known ( iuipure, are extremely beautiful, and often fetch very high prices. Last, but not hat. Limerick i> famous for the beauty o\' its women, a reputa- tion not undeserved, as may he .-eeii ( \( D by a casual stroll through the city. Conveyances. — Kail to Ennis; to Waterford; to Cork direct, also by Linn rick Junction; to Killaloe; to Foym 3. Steamer to Liverpool weekly. Car daily to Bruff; to Ennis; to Killaloe; to Kilmallock : to Scarili; to Tippcrary ; to Tulla ; to Traleo. Distances. — Castle Connell, 10 m. ; Killaloe, 17 : Bunratty, 12 ; Ennis, 25 ; Clare Castle, 23; Adare, 11 ; A ton, 21 : Rathkeale, 17 ; Foynes, 26; Kilrush, t:'»: Tipperary, 25; Charle- ville, 26 : Mungret Abbey, 3, Excursions. — 1. Killaloe ami Ca>tle Connell. 2. Bunratty. :;. (.' uTig-a-gunnelL 1. Tarh. rt. 5. Adare. Quitting the terminus, which for all the 5 rlys. thai h ave Limerick, the line to Kmiis BOOH hianela a in the h. and passu] canal wi >mph telj round one half I ni, crossing the 81 annon by a Long v brid I abov( I "t win the A hh \ R •. • r little Esland , Q Hon I line thi N '■■ the neigh- \ 1 I ! 310 Route 33. — Limerick to Boyle. Ireland. keeping the noble estuary of the Shannon well in view on the 1. Near Cratloe Stat., on rt., is Cratloe Wood, and nearer to the river the remains of three castles or fortified mansions, viz. Cratloe, Cratloe-keel, and Castle Donnell. 2 m. 1. from the station, at the mouth of the Bunratty River, is the fine old fortress of Bun- ratty, once the residence of the Earls of Thomond, and now a police barrack. Thackeray in his ' Irish Sketch-book ' spins an irresistible 3 volume novel (in 2 pages) respect- ing this fortress, commencing with the description — " It is a huge square tower, with 4 smaller ones at each angle ; you mount to the entrance by a steep flight of steps, being com- manded all the way by the crossbows of 2 of the Lord De Clare's retainers, the points of whose weapons may be seen lying upon the ledge of the little narrow meurtriere on each side of the gate. A venerable seneschal, with the keys of the office, presently opens the little back postern, and you are admitted to the great hall, a noble chamber, pardi ! some 70 ft. in length and 30 high. 'Tis hung round with 1000 trophies of war and chase," &c. A modern house has been built in the demesne by T. Studdert, Esq. The anchorage at the mouth of the Bunratty is so safe that American vessels for Li- merick always discharged their cargo here. 13 m. Six Mile Bridge Stat, and Newmarket Fergus, the town being about 1 m. 1. of the stat. To the N. of it is Dromoland Castle, the very hand- some seat and extensive domain of Lord Inchiquin, and between it and the rly. are some large earthworks. At 20 m. Ardsollus, the line crosses the river of the same name, which on rt. flows past the little town of Quin (anc. Cuinche), celebrated for possessing one of the best pre- served abbeys in Ireland. It is of Dec. date, having been built at the commencement of the 15th cent, by one MacCann Dall Mac- namara, Lord of Glencoillan. It consists of a nave and chancel, sur- mounted by a graceful tower rising at the junction of the two, and built upon the gable ends. There is also a chapel to the S. of the choir, con- taining the sculptured figure of a saint. In the choir is the high altar, and the monument of the family of Macnamara of Ranee, also a representation of the Crucifixion in stucco. Amongst those buried here is Macnamara, the duellist (who obtained the soubriquet of "Fire- ball), together with another gentle- man, who fell in a quarrel with him. Two lovers also, who were drowned in the adjoining river, were interred here in the same grave ; from which, as in the Border ballads, a brier and an elder-tree have grown inter- twined. The visitor will notice the signs of the dead person's calling on many of the tombstones. " The cloister is of the usual form, with couplets of pillars, but is particular in having buttresses round it by way of ornament. There are apart- ments on 3 sides of it, the re- fectory, dormitory, and another room to the N. of the chancel, with a vaulted room under them all." An unusual number of ruined castles lie within a reasonable distance of Quin : such as Bally markah an, Corbally, and, Dangan, the latter a quadrangular tower, flanked by round towers at the angles, said to be the oldest fortress in Munster. There are also some pleasant seats in the neighbourhood, viz., Moyriesk (J. F. Vesey Fitzgerald, Esq.); Knappogue, "Kiss on the Hill," the restored residence of Lord Dunboyne; Cullanc, which originally belonged to Steele, the friend of O'Connell ; Dangan House, and Lough O'Connell, on the banks of a considerable sheet of water which rejoices in the name of Callannyhuda. « 5 m. from Quin, and about 2 from Ikel \xp. Route 33. — Ennis — Clare Abbey. 311 Tulla. is the " Toomeens," an ex- dingly curious bit of river aery, in which tin* stream, flow- ing through the estates of Kiltarnan J. Molony, Esq.), ami that of T. O'Callaghan, Esq., of Maryfort, passes through a 9< ries of limestone archt 3, n\ ii h occasional apertui like very st< ep railway euttin 23 m. ( ( >ae£L . Here we have thi /" s, a broad river that flows into the Shannon, and is navigable tar as (lair. from which a very large amount of grain i- Bhippedin the course of the year. On an bland in the bed of the river is the ruin of the castle, connected by a idge with eitm r side of the hank. A • A\ ("lair J' S8 3806 such mani- it has been passed in ■' by /' s Hotels: i Ly's; Bren- . a i[Ucer little town, with nar- s >tn i ts, or rather lam s, filled with ign-looking people. Pop. 717'). Ii- modern attractions art good classic Courthouse, built of grey marble, and a column memory of Daniel O'Cunnell, the Great Liberator. In it. ii >r of the Court-house is a i the memory of Sir Michael OX »ughlin, one of the county m I antiquities are more inl g. Ennis, under the name of I Lg hum ruadha, was famous for its t of learning and its Franciscan m< - imded by the famih of O l ■ . who were prino - of Tho- *nd. T tterb now incorporated with tip eli., and pr< sents a curious mixt ra building with ivy- -. A liie ."»-] _• I Early i' I window Mill exists al the i. . and in the interior of the eh. is ■ Abbot's chair, "which, with t is highly sculpturi d with I - in r. Ii. A 1 in. frnin 1 . c] -• t • 1 121 • ■•• nt., I ' oald ■ K f Li- merick. It is like all the others, a very graceful cruciform oh., with a lofty tower, that from the nature of its situation is visible from a great distance. [3 m. to S. of the town is a third ruined abbey, that of Killone, which has the attraction of an ex- tremely pretty situation on the banks Killone Lough. This was founded at the same time as Clare by a daughter of O'Brien, who "excelled all the women in Minister for piety, almsdeeds, and hospitality." On the ■ I to it from Ennis is Cahirculla House, Beech-park Marcus Keane, Esq. . Edenvale R. Stacpoole, Esq. , a very romantic spot, and Newhall Major Armstrong-MacdonnelJ >.] Distances. — Limerick, 25 in.; I stle Clare, 2: Gort, 19; Lough Cooter, 15; Miltown Malbay, 20; Kilfenora, 17 ; Dysert, 2. Conveyances.— Haj] to Limerick. Car to Gort and Galway; car to Miltown Malbay. Excursions, — 1. Miltown Malbay. 2. Kilfenora. ^^ 3. Dysert and Corrofin. [Ennis is the best starting-point for Miltown Malbay, 20 m., a little village on the coast, which has of late years become a fashional waterimr-plaoe. especially for the Galway and Limerick residen The Atlantic is a tolerable hotel. The village itself is poor and wretched, but the scenery oi the cliffe of ( 1 will make amends for many short- - in the way of accommo tion. About halt waj from Ennis the <\ approaches the ranges of the dare Mountains, which, although not in reality very Lofty, are a fine r< li- f t<» the oth< rwise monotonous land- pe. Blieve ( it. high ; the towerof the old stle, which is said to have (Mire • n th. residen the Deans of Kilfenora : the ruins of a ch. and on a rock by tin* id-sid< . ■• Qsisting of a shaft with two arms curving upwards, on each which near the top is ;> head I in relief, and in the a ntre 2 ads clasped; this was erected in mory of tlie reconciliation of 2 as who had been long in violent »f Inebiquin, for- jid< nee of th< < ►'Quins, it 1 '; il of Dun- he r< | . ■■, and which family of < >T>i ien, northern of Lou| I ;nt ly pr< tty little I on the W. b} of ( ha the same ride b lelphi \V. I I, Esq. and I Burton, Esq. . - m. ( a am yed d the r , gus, midway I [nchiquin and m. About 1 in. to the X.E., ' Jort, is tl square lyjK.my, in b tt< t pre- the ( lare agh 1 1- -u-< tiny ( ml '. the old ch. of nit of I " 1 tower about door 20 ft. in in I i iii 1 1 * <1 castle t ! l 1 1 I ] I i < . _ tlirougb a w : try, ! . .1 _r_:y hih 'ly I rly. ;u- with • 1 > 1 H '. : I I large lough to the 1., prettily wooded on the X. by the d< mesne of Dromore T. Crowe, Esq.). 33 m. Crusheen. There is a pretty hit of English scenery at V>~ ni., where the road passes the estates of Bunnahow (W, Butler, Esq.) and Cregg (A. Har- nett, Esq.), affording, with its wood and pleasantly shaded trout-stream an agreeable variation from the mono* tonous expanse all around. :;;».'. in. is the gateway of Lough iter Castle (Hon. G. 's. Gough through the grounds of which the coach is frequently driven, by the pei mission of its owner. It is a pretty modem castellated house, most charm* ingly situated <>n the W. shore of 1. ugh Cooter, the largest lake in th» s. of Galway, The views between the wooded islands, most of which are tenanted by a ruined ch. or castle, are lovely. The river between the lake and Gort has a portion of its course underground. 43 m. Gort (Tun : Royal Mail), a neat, clean-looking little town, of one square, or father triangle, with 3 or 4 - Leading out of it. There is nothing to see in it, and the traveller will be disposed to agree with the author of the ' Irish Sketch-book, 1 who remarks u that it s. « med i<> l> itself considerably, had nothing to do, and no socii ty." But in the now. [The antiquary should visit Kih macdu; gh, '.'> m. from ( tori to the S W. 1 1 Lman, bod of 1 hiach, founded b b r \\ hich he himself sided, in the 7th cent. In 16< however, it was held together with that of < Slonfert, and eventually became m< into Killaloe. The ch. was built for St ( iolman by hi* kinsman Guaine Aidhne, King of I onaught, and is n markable foe 1 clopi :m doorway now cloa d up , ft 6 in. in height, and in \\ idth 2 _ . I the top, an 2 in. at 3U Route 33. — Limericlc to Boyle. Ireland. the bottom. The lintel-stone, which extends the entire thickness of the wall, is 5 ft. 8 in. long, 1 ft. 9 in. high, and 3 ft. wide." This doorway was closed up with rubble masonry in the 14th or 15th cent., when the ch. was rebuilt and considerably enlarged, and a new doorway in the Pointed style placed, as was usual in that age, in the S. Avail. The round tower, which is remark- able for leaning out of the perpen- dicular some 17 ft., is considered to be of the same age as the ch., viz. the commencement of the 7th cent., and is stated by the traditions of the country to have been the work of Gobhan Saer, the architect of Antrim and Glendalough towers. The doorway is 26 ft. from the ground, and is semicircular-headed, the arch being formed by cuttings in the horizontal stones.] The drive from Gort to Oranmore is across such a bleak and desolate country that the traveller will invo- luntarily long for the railway and its happy powers of shortening unin- teresting distances. The whole of the district is of the shallow-soiled limestone rock for which Galway is so famous ; stones eveiy where, in the walls, the roads, the hills, the plains, and the fields; all one unmitigated sheet of grey monotony, only relieved by the distant hills of Clare. At 45 m. 1. the scenery is a little im- proved by the demesnes of Goole (W. Gregory, Esq.) and Rabeen (S. Lop- dell Esq.). 50 m. Ardraban, some 8 m. to the W. of which, between Kinvarra and Black Head, are the ruins of the Cistercian Abbev of Corcomroe, which contain interesting details of the beginning of the 13th cent. The tourist should notice the ornamenta- tion and human heads sculptured on the capitals of the arches, similar to Hiose found at St. Saviour's Ch., Glendalough. 54 \ m. Kilcolgan, to the 1. of which is Tyrone House, the beautiful seat of Christopher St. George, Esq., the owner of immense property in Galway and Mayo. On the N. the grounds run along the shore of Kilcolgan River, a small arm of the Atlantic, which on this part of the coast pushes in an immense number of little creeks and bays. A little further on is Clarin Bridge, to rt. of which is Kilcornan (Sir T. Redington). At 59 m. Oranmore (Rte. 14), an arm of Galway Bay breaks prettily into the scene. On 1. is the old castle of Oranmore, a massive square tower by the water's edge. This fortress was in 1641 placed by the Earl of Clan- ricarde under the command of Capt. Willoughby, who surrendered it to the Catholic forces. The traveller northward will here leave the coach which goes to Gal- way, and betake himself not unwill- ingly to the Midland Great Western Rly., which passes through equally dreary scenery to Athenry, Ath-na-Riogh (Rte. 14) (Hotel : Railway), from whence a branch line is given off to Tuam. The rly. passes rt. and 1. the de- mesnes of Castle Ellen (W. P. Lam- bert, Esq.), Belleville (Major Mahon), and Bingarra House (A. Clarke, Esq.). On rt. is Monivea, a small town, almost entirely surrounded by the grounds of Monivea Castle, the resi- dence of Robert French, Esq. 9 m. Bally glunin Stat., adjoining Ballyglunin House (M. Blake, Esq.), through the grounds of which flows a small stream, called the Abbert river. [2 m. to the rt. are the remains of Abbey Knockmoy (anc. Croc- Muaidhe), so celebrated for its fres- coes. In 1189 Cathol O'Connor, sur named Crorre-Dearg, or the Red Hand, King of Connaught, obtained a victory over the English forces under Almeric St. Lawrence, and to commemorate it founded the abbey of LAND. Boute 33. — Mount Bellcic — Tuam. Muaidhe, or the Hill ofSlaugh- The nave is short and plain, but the chief interest is in the choir, win iv are the tomb of the founder and the fresa x s, " ( >ver the tomb of Oathol is represented the taking down S iviour from the cross. Nearer to the altar, and on a large compart- ment of the wall, are 2 designs. The upper represents 6 figures clothed in h and flowing robes ; the one in the middle is said to be Roderic O'Connor, march of Ireland; on either side I ; inc s, I sals ; one holds a i his thumb, the other a •rd. \\ low this is a man sitting ;h what appears to be a roll of per in his hand. Co his right is a ian fixed to a to e, and trans- with arrovi -. and '1 archers are id tl. of shooting more at him. I' I that the youth represents M ' -,i, son of the King of 1 . trayed Ireland to the glish, and that Rodeiick Q Connor outh to this talc in Other's treason." — I 3 of the kings the 12th a nt.. and these •nsidered, by competent ians, to have been the work of tl.. 1 I nt. These singular re East disappearing, and mug t«> the stone vaulting th< y have be< d pre- - ] [ T rly., on (ill ok If. 1 Abb • J. Blast - . •,10 in. rt., I'- ll Iak .1 I . or the ilh; which illuminated by pk< It repul with di in M of the SLiven, Us in! Suck. Mount Bellew i> the resides of the family of Bellew. w From hence the traveller may pn - oeed to Roscommon, through Blount Talbot and Athleague.] After leaving BaUyglunin Slat.. the round lhll of Knocknaa becom visible on the W., and soon after- wards the towers and buildings of l .V. Hi. 'l'n, nu [Hotel: Daly's, very bad), a place of considerable an- tiquity, was originally a seligious establishment, founded in the Gth cent, by si. Jarlath, and from that time to this has ever maintained a high station in the ecclesiastical polity «-i Ireland. At one time it was the scat of a Protestant archbishop, but of late years it has been altered to a bishopric, the see comprising with Tuam the diocese of Achonry. It i- also the head-quarters of \ R. 0. Archbishop, Dr. McHale,, wi whose <(liets all readers of Irish politic- arc familiar. The town itself is small and not particu- larly interesting, with the excep- tion of one or two objects of anti- quity which no tourist should omit. They are' the cathedral and t cross. The former, which is also the parish eh., is a .-mall, unimpr building, though a large amount del. ct is covered by the W, door, magnificent a specimen of anci< Norman work as any building in < rn at Britain can boast. Ii is built of red Bandst >ne, altogether foreign that district. Tin- date of this door- way, which formed part of the chancel of the old <-h.. is somewhere betw< 1 128, when < t'Hoisin fcx came abb and 1 l."»o. when he was made ar< bishop. I )f the ancient eh. nothing bat the chancel remains, " its l .. end 1- ing p rforated by '•> circular- h- adV d w indows, ornann ot d v. ith ad other mould] both - n rnally and internally, and I with each other by stringcoun mouldingB, in which the i xternal oi enrich) d w ith j Dm the of the chano 1 i i 2 31G Route 33. — Limericlc to Boyle. IPwELAND. triumphal arch, erroneously supposed to have been a doorway, composed externally of G semicircular concentric and recessed arches. The shafts of the columns, which, with the excep- tion of the outermost at each side, are semicircular, are unornamented, but their capitals, which are rectan- gular, on a semicircular torus, are very richly sculptured, chiefly with a variety of interlaced traceries, and in 2 instances, those of the jambs, with grotesque human heads. The arch mouldings consist of the nebule, diamond frette, and varieties of the chevron, the execution of which is remarkable for its beauty." — Petrie. Preparations have already been begun for rebuilding the cathedral, when this masterpiece of architecture will be restored to its former position. The cost of restoration of the ch. is estimated at 10,000Z. The cross of Tuam, also of sand- stone, once broken into 3 pieces, and the property of 3 different owners, is now happily re-united and re-erected. The base contains inscriptions in memory of O'Hoisin, the abbot, and Turlough O'Connor, King of Con- naught. In proportion to the plainness of the Protestant cathedral the Roman Catholic ch. is elaborate. It is a fine cruciform Perp. building, though un- satisfactory from its excessively florid ornamentation. " The walls are strengthened with panelled buttresses of several stages, terminating in richly erocketed pinnacles rising above the parapet, which is enriched with open tracery." The interior of the cathedral, though very .expensively decorated, has no solemnity or impressive effect about it. Excursions. — 1. Knockmoy. 2. Headford and Ross Abbey. Conveyances. — Rail to Athenry. Car to Headford. Distances. — Athenry, 15J m. ; Knockmoy, 11; Dunmore, 9; Head- lord, 13, [the road to which place runs at the base of Knock-naa, "the Hill of Failles," which, from the flatness of the country round, is seen for a very long distance, being a conspicuous object even from Lough Comb. At the foot is Castle Hacket, the seat of D. Kirwan, Esq.]. At 24^ m. rt. Dunmore the monotony of the country is somewhat relieved by the Slieve Dart Hills, which run be- tween this, Ballyhaunis, and Castle- reagh. Dunmore need not detain the tourist, for the only interest that attaches to it arises from the circum- stance that Trollope has here laid the scene of his novel ' The Kellys of Castle Kelly.' At Castlereagh (Rte. 19) the tra- veller may either avail himself of the rly. to Roscommon, or else con- tinue his journey over a very bleak and desolate country to French/park, a little village protected by the woods of Lord De Freyne's park. [From hence a road runs E. to Elphin (anc. Ailphima), the seat of a diocese united with those of Kilmore and Ardagh. It is a prettily situated town, with a plain modernised cathe- dral used as a parish ch. From Frenchpark a hilly road, relieved occasionally by a distant view of Lough Gara on the L, runs to Boyle (Hotel: Monson's) (Rte. 18).] Ireland. Route 34, — Atltlone to TAmericJc. 817 ROUTE 34. THE SHANNON, FROM ATHLONE TO LIMERICK. is route, about the most beauti- ful in the inland portion of In land, - a little arrangement in its rformanet . - i as to take advantage imer, which starts ev< ry 1 morning about 11 o'clock* re- turning from Killaloe ou the fol- lowing day, A f« w words on the pl i-apliy of the Shannon place here. Eta so' gmonshena Mountain! 1 rim. is described in Rte. <">. as - t' it- upper - Lough R i and Ath- lone. [t ] * -'.' 1 miles ofcon- . ami wash b the - viz. Leitrim, B «c - . I. ingford, Westnu ath, ig'a C >unty, ( ialway, TipperarVj . Lii • rick, and Kerry. " From llaloe in t. . of i lare, to its riv< r assumes a great riety of character. In some pl ic it - ut in* a or lak< b, which — Lough Derg and ugh K« ■:* — ; ich above 20 m. g. The falls and rapids, which mount to an ele- i 1 17 ft., are overcome by 1 it. and 1 " Bisi . • mptying itself ishiiig the •ur most fertile countii I the rain col- li 3 x - Killai' all tii tin ( t. c mditions for i fulfill, d. I u n try \g >il ii) i »n- Bidered as almost in the condition <^ presenting a true water-evaporating surface.*'-- Kane. Quitting Athlone with its noble bridge and fortifications, nothing claims attention for the first G miles, except where the stream di- \i les and encloses the flat surface of Long [aland, a1 the end of which is a pile of stones in the river, marking the division between the counties of Westmeatb, Roscommon, and King's County: but at 9m. is one of the most interesting and holy places in all Ireland — the 7 churches of Clonmachnois — "Cluain Mac Nois, Retreat of the Sons of the Noble " — a name gained by the ce- lebrity in former fits monastic establishments,' its gatherings of learned and pioua nun, and the shclh r that it afforded to everything that was holy and good in the days of dark ignorance and superstition. In 548 an abbey was founded by St. Kieran on ground given by Dermod MacOi rvaii, King of Ireland, and continued to flourish under a suc- tion of prelates, notwithstanding the incursions of the Anglo-Normans, who more than once destroyed and laid waste the town and ecclesiastical buildii The ruins consist of : 1. The churches. 2. The Round Tow* i rs. .*:. 'I'll'- ( ': (".) The Dahmliag Mor, or Great ('h., is recorded by the Four Masters having been built in 909 by iflann, ;i Kim;-"}' Ireland, and Cblman Conail- lech, Abbot of < Jlonmachnoia. Jt wt however, subsequently re-edified in the a or 1 1th cent, by Tomultach M< I > rmott, cl burg : it is lied Teampul McDermott 'I he chief points of into i boul ii eh. are — th< rn doorway, of which Petrie " But though I < h. w;i> tlii sitilJ find in • ndstoi da of t W. ■!' i more an- :iml material, which <1 Si rent from those of iam.4 n*' d J-- ■ 318 Route 34. — Athlone to Limericlc. Ireland. building, sufficiently show ; and that such capitals belonged to the door- way of the original ch. I see no reason to doubt." The N. doorway, built by Dean Odo, is of later date, and presents an elaborate Perp. or- namentation. Over the arch are 3 effigies - St. Patrick in his pontificals in the centre, with St. Francis and St. Dominick on either side; on a higher row their portraits are re- peated ; and on the pillars is the in- scription — " Dous Odo Decanus Cluanni me fieri fecit." (b.) Teampul Finghin, or Fineen's Ch., supposed to have been erected about the 13th cent, by Fineen Mac Carthy More, presents little but its chancel and a round tower attached to the S.E. junction with the nave. The chancel- arch, which remains, for- merly possessed 3 concentric arches ; the inner one has fallen away, and its place is supplied by a plain arch. Notice the chevron moulding on the second arch, the Egyptian-looking heads of the capitals, and " the bul- bous characters of the bases of the columns." The chancel is lighted by a small circular-headed window, and possesses an ornamented piscina. (c.) Teampul Connor, founded in the 10th cent, by Cathol, the son of Connor, is used as a parish ch. ; its sole antiquity is a circular-headed doorway of that period. In addition to these, there is a small ch. or oratory of St. Kieran, who also possesses here a stone, a well, and a cellar. This last is just to the S. of Teampul McDermott, and has a small octangular belfry. 2. The Round Towers are two : — (a.) The largest, or O'Rourke's, is roofless, and stands on an elevation at the W. side of the ch.-yard. It is com- posed partly of the grey limestone with which this district abounds, and is entered by a door 15 ft. from the ground. Dr. Petrie considers it to have been erected about 908 (coeval with the Dahmliag Mor), though he considers " that it was indeed re- paired at a period long subsequent to its erection, there is abundant evi- dence in the masonry of the building itself, the upper portion being of coarse-jointed masonry of limestone ; while the greater part of it below is of close-jointed ashlar sandstone ; and besides, it is quite obvious that the tower when such restoration was made was reduced considerably in its original height, as proportioned to its circumference. " From its situ- ation, this tower is a very conspicuous feature. " It was high enough to take cognizance of the coming enemy, let him come from what point he might; it commanded the ancient causeway that was laid down, at a con- siderable expense, across the great bog on the Connaught side of the Shannon ; it looked up and down the river, and commanded the tor- tuous and sweeping reaches of the stream, as it unfolded itself like an uncoiling serpent along the sur- rounding bogs and marshes ; it com- manded the line of the Aisgir Riadha ; could hold communication with the holy places of Clonfert ; and from the top of its pillared height send its beacon light towards the sacred isles and anchorite retreats of Lough Rea ; it was large and roomy enough to contain all the officiating priests of Clonmachnois, with their pixes, vestments, and books ; and though the pagan Dane or the wild Munsterman might rush on in rapid inroad, yet the solitary watcher on the tower was ready to give warning, and col- lect within the protecting pillar all holy men and things, until the ty- ranny was overpast." — Otway. (b.) McCarthy's tower, attached to the chancel of the ch., is more perfect ; it is 7 ft. in diameter within and 55 ft. high, with a conical cross on the summit. The door of this tower is level with the ground — an unusual feature. 3. In front of the W. door of Te- ampul McDermott, and coeval with Ireland. I? wte .°>l. — CUmmcLchnois — Shannoribridge, nio it, is the great formed by a single stone, l"' t't. high and elabo- rately jarred. In the lowest com- parti] enl of the W. front o( the shaft n [rish inscription : — r for Flaon, bod of Maolsechlainn." And on the reverse side : — •• a leman, who made this Cross on the kin;:: l'huin. ' i ties the qui -lion of the date io building o( the cm-.. The dptures on the W. Bide are in- iided to relate to the original foun- dation ofClonmachnois by St. Kieran, aide commemo- - in tli<' lit*.- of <>ur Saviour, ai which it obtained the name it in t lie A' oals of Hgi roach, * 3 na Sen ptra — or Cross Script) St Eoeran is re- 1 with a hammer in one hand : a mallet in the other. I . • i to tip I are a number of inscribed tombstom 3, in of t ge< •?' loth cent. — Buch as the one to Maelflnnia . ! 2 . B 1.1m, t, 89 Flannchadh abbot, 1003 , Suibhne M lliumai one of the three ! - ! wh< 1 Alfred the . ( "oirpe ( Jromm bishop, mil ii] - The whole crowded with graveston the preference given to 1 rment. Tl tival of St. Kieran is held on S ptember, when im- aumbers of \» ople from I the country performing their id the day in the [usual f drunkenm ss. We ntion the which stands with ■ • 3 a «li I • • g lum ; a curtain-wall, at leasl 10 ft. thick, lies at an angle of 45 , reclining upon about Aft. of its thick'.—." — Otway. Sonic distance to the N.E. are the remains of the nunnery built by I> - vorgilla, daughter of O'Melaghlin, connected, it is said, with the eh. by a Bubterranean passage; the road between the two, and carried on to the E., is known as the Pilgrims' Road. The geologist will notice before leaving Clonmachnois tlie singular grave] ridges or hills forming the •• Aisgir Riadha," known as" Eskers," which intersect Ireland from E. to W, They here cross the Shannon, causing the river to be deflected and form a bend. In met, the 7 chs. are situated on a great mass of drift. Distances. — By water from Atli- lone, 9m. ; by land, 13. Shannon- bridge, 4 by land; 5 by water. 14 m. Shannoribridge is a small town at the confluence of the Suck with the Shannon, dividing Galway fr<>m Roscommon, which is crossed by a bridge of 18 arches, resting on small island. The Connaught end of it is defended by a tcte du pont and an artillery barrack. At l'.'.'in. we arrive off Shannon Harbour (for an account of which with its "Ho- tel/' * -hick Hinton '), which, ere the days of railway COmmuni- fcion, was of some importance as the point of junction between the Shannon navigation and thai of the Grand Canal, which may, in one ise, be said to cross the Shannon, Is off a branch of 15 m. to ! I Uii sloe : the distance from this I oint to the Liffey at Dublin is 80 m. I [ere also 1 i . * - river Brosna flows in, running near Lough Owel Mullin- r , and flowing past * I ad Bord< rile.' b;mk the d< m< M -town I Louse for- m< rly t of the L'E i ran lily , and near it BX( the ruim I I 320 Route 34. — Aihlone to Limericlc. Ireland. 24 m. Banagher (Rte. 27) (Hotel: Harp), celebrated for its fairs and its old bridge, which is supposed to have stood tor over 400 years. But as it showed signs of incapability, and some of the projecting buttresses were extremely inconvenient, a canal with a swing bridge was cut on the Gal- way side. Both sides of the river are strongly defended by barracks and batteries; and on the opposite bank is another of the Esker gravel ridges. In the neighbourhood of Ba- nagher are Castle Garden, Clare- mount ^ J. Armstrong, Esq.), near which is the keep of Garry Castle, and Castle Iver (J. F. Armstrong, Esq.). Conveyances. — Daily to Parsons- town. Distances. — Athlone, 24 m. ; Par- sonstown, 8 ; Portumna, by water, 13 ; Shannon Harbour, 4 J ; Cloghan, 5 ; Clonfert, 5. [An excursion may be made to Clonfert, 5 m. to the N.W. (Cluain- fearth, the retired spot), where St. Brendan founded in the 6th cent, a ch. famous for its 7 altars. It subse- quently became the seat of a diocese, and is now united with Killaloe, Kil- macduagh, and Kilfenora. The ca- thedral, which is also parish ch., does not contain very much of interest.] Below Banagher the Shannon be- gins to divide, and becomes very tor- tuous and uncertain. Near Esker Bridgo, on rt. are Shannon View, and Shannon Grove (Hubert Moore, Esq.) ; and further W., Lismore Castle, and the village of Eyrecourt, adjoining which is the fine seat of the family of Eyre. 28 J m. near the junction of the Little Brosna is Meellch (anc. Miline), where an abbey for conventual friars was founded in the 12th cent, by O'Mad- den, rhief of the county. The remains stand on the Gal way side, on a plot of ground which, in winter, is frequently an island. Commanding Meelick, on the op- posite bank, is a martello tower, and on an island a little above are the Keelogue batteries. The navigation in this portion of the river is so de- vious, that a canal has been cut from above the batteries, rejoining the Shannon at the mouth of the Little Brosna. Passing on rt. Harding Grove, and 1. Ballymacegan House, the tower of Portland Castle, and Portland House (T. Stonej^, Esq.), the voyager arrives at 37 m. Portumna (Inn: Taylor's), which, though in itself situated on rather flat ground, yet commands fine views of Lough Derg and the Slieve Bau ghta hills on the W. The most no- ticeable objects are the wooden bridge over the Shannon, built by Lemuel Cox, the American architect of Derry, Waterford, and New Koss bridges. Its total length is 766 ft., the middle joart resting on an island in the stream. There are no traces left of He Bur- gos' ancient castle; but there are some of the Dominican abbey founded about the 13th cent., consisting of a few arches and an E. window. It was originally a cruciform building with a lofty tower long since fallen. The modern castle of the Earl of Clan- ricarde, the owner of the town, was burnt down in 1826, and has not been rebuilt. Portumna is a neat little place, and carries on a good business in grain. Adjoining, in ad- dition to the Earl of Clanricarde's domain, are Palmcrstown ( W. Palmer, Esq.), Eairy Hill (C. Cooper, Esq.\ Wellmount (Capt. M'Donagh), Oak- ley Park ; and on the opposite side of the river, Belleisle, the seat of Lord Avonmore, on whose grounds are the keeps of 2 castles. [The archaeologist should visit the ruins of the Abbey of Loragb, which is a short distance to the E. It is a long pile of building, the E. gable of which is destroyed, though the W. gable, containing a good window, is infinepreservat'on. It was lighted at the sides by Early Pointed win- dows, nearly all of them built up ; r A\P. Route 34. — Lough Dtirg. 321 wfaic] ht have been adopted as b means ofdi P nee during Cromwell's it t • Loragh. The date of the building i< about the 13th cent., although tlic original foundation is ribed to St. Kuan, iti the 6th cent. re ruins of other buildings in the vicinity j Tiir tourisl i- now fairly launched tic broad expanse of the shannon, known a- Lough 1> rg, which ex- far as Killaloe, and in - all til.- r. mainder oi' thi • - the navigation is d. The s.'.n. ry on the E3 me and unint. r- but thai on the W. is of a _rli order, embracing a lofty ran. >u n tiiii - sing from the wati 1 l » - which the tourisl d with Lough 1 N ru- in 1 > is an expansion of !. in length :n. in breadth, run- don from V I". b • S.fi x >v •• ft | en observi d that ther the level of the wan r in Lough Derg 9 2 or .'l in. in 24 ho d hae i known to 1 2 inches. As the area of the Lough ; - : tute 00,000 d her - much imulated in ight. 'l he a v rage ■ I wintt r Killa!' I ugh I > 6ft., ■ be II ft. the 1 1"7 thus accumu- >ir of th •<; cul rhich ,n 1"7 <: ■ t ;r. obtained." — Industrial Resources of Ireland, Quitting the little bay in which Portumnia is situated, and gliding be- tween the wooded point of Rinmaher, rt., and the headland of Derrymace- gan, 1.. we pass 1. Slevoir Hon.-.' I — Synge, Esq. , and enter a consi- derable expanse- the Upper Lough; a range of hills, the Slieve Baughta, occupies all the country on the W., commencing indeed to the 9. ol Loughrea, and embracing the district between Killaloe on the s. and Gort on the W. : the most lofty point- i c i the Scalp, 1074 ft., and Knockeven, 1243ft. On rt., situated at the foot of one of the wooded spurs of Slieveanore, the little town of Woodford, from whence a small river runs into the Shannon at Rossmore. Iron-ore was at one time extensively worked LQ this neighbourhood; and, its very fre- ipifut concomitant, a chalybeate well, used to attract a good many people. On the road to Newtown Daly is M irbie Hill, the beautiful seat of Sir T. Burke, Bart., M.P. A number of ruined keeps stud the banks of Lough Dersr at various in- tervals; there is one very near the head of the lake on the W, shore ; a >nd. called Cloondagavoe, on ( Jregg I ' int. rt. : and a third on I., in the grounds of I hrominagh ( 'apt. Tut- i.ill . At this poinj the Lough nar- and is studded with several small islands; but it widens again op- thedemi snesofK0garvan,Mota, ■!. and BellevieW. Nearly halfway, the steamer - the island of Qlanmore, the largest in the Lai < )n th- \. 1 '.. aide are remains of a ch, 'J he mainland on the B. abounds not only with ruined chs., but also castles, which th' A [though -omul-- no peculiarly interesting ■ - in tic in-. Iv. -. they .-how t b ■ i apon ti. v I 1. I mbie, with th. remains QOO • , Route 34. — Atlilone to Limerick. Ireland. of Kilbnrron Abbey oh. Then eoraes Annagh Lodge, with the adjoining castles of Cashlaunteigeboght and Tullann. Below these are Annagh Castle, Springmonnt, Ballycolliton, Johnston House, Prior Park, Wood- park, and Prospect House. In the little bay of Dromineer are the ruins of Dromineer Castle, Hazel Point Cot- tage, and Shannonvale; while on the opposite shore are the harbour of AVilliamstown, and Meelick House. At this point the direction of the Lough changes more to the W., and the most beautiful part of the scenery opens up in the Bay of ScarifT. On the northern shore is the little village of Mount Shannon, nestling at the foot of Knockeven, 1242 ft., and adjoining the village are the prettily wooded grounds of Woodpark (Philip Reade, Esq.). The antiquary should land at Mount Shannon for the pur- pose of visiting Inniscalthra (Innis- Calthair, or Holy Island), so remark- able for its chs. and round tower. In the 7th cent. . St. Caimin visited it, and established a monastery which became famed for its sanctity and learning — St. Caimin himself having written a commentary on the Psalms.. His ch. or chs. experienced the usual fate of destruction from the Danes; but were more or less re-edified by Brian Boroimhe, King of Munster, in 1027. The principal ch. is con- sidered by Dr. Petrie to present in its ruined nave the original features of St. Caimin's plan, while the chancel is the work of Brian; the nave is internally 30 ft. in length by 21 ft. in breadth, the chancel being a square of loft. "These measurements, how- ever, appear to be those of the original ch. of St. Caimin, erected in the 7th 'it., as it seems obvious, from the character of the masonry and of some of the features in the nave, that the latter, though unquestionably remo- delled, was never entirely destroyed." Xotice in the nave the windows, one being semicircular-headed, with an architrave such as belongs to many of the round towers ; another is square- headed with inclined sides ; and there is a triangular window formed of 3 stones, " unique in form of Irish ar- chitecture." The W. doorway must have been remarkably fine, though unfortunately there is very little left. It consisted of 3 concentric semicir- cular arches, ornamented with chevron mouldings in hollow lines, but carved in relief. The piers, which are rect- angular and rounded at their angles, have human heads at the capitals. The chancel-arch has also 3 re- ceding and concentric arches, but of a totally different style ; they are simply " of square-edged rib work, and the ornamental sculpture is confined to the piers, which are rounded into semicolumns." The round tower, of date of about the 10th cent., was celebrated as being the residence of an anchorite (inclu- sorius) of the name of St. Cosgrath " the Miserable/' Its height is about 80 ft., and its upper story is wanting. At the head of the bay is ScarifT, a very charmingly situated little town, at the junction of 2 important roads : 1. From Woodford and Mount Shan- non to Killaloe ; 2. to Tulla and the co. Clare. The range of hills which have been accompanying us for so many miles, here experience a check, but rise again almost immediately to the S. between ScarifT and Killaloe ; the result is a pretty mountain valley through which flows the river Gra- ney, rising in a considerable tarn called Lough Graney, and, w T hen near ScarifT, passing through Lough O 'Grady, from w T hence it emerges as the ScarifT river. Advantage has been taken of this valley to form a line of road to the little town of Tulla. Opposite Mount Shannon, the main course of the river runs nearly due S. down to Killaloe, narrowing very considerably between Aughinish Point and Castlelough. The hills speedily rise again, but now on both sides of the channel. Below Castlelough on 1. are the ch. and the ruins Ireland. Route 3 1. — Kilh(loe—Xcnaugh • • le and Derry ( !astle, the latter in the grounds of P, Bpaight, Esq. On the it. arc the ch, and [house of Tinarana, above which ■ the heights of Croughnagower and Glengalliagh, 1726 feel ; and ■ dily the steamer rounds a long ch in the river, and comes in 111 of the picturesque town of in. Killah i //"/' I: Royal, toler- i Ftopia of [rish anglers, who have in the broad weirsand rapids of the Shannon one of the finesl opportu- nil . i in all the kingdom. inc i" the water, fli< - t very laru r -' and -andv. They can be OD- I Iinerick, also al Mrs. ]'.' ' er's, 1 1 an-str< 1 1. Sol It irmingly situated al the fool of tlr Ji mountains, which he height of 17 K ft, and ink of the river, that rn- brawling loud music," under the 19 : ■:■-. and narrow The should not fail to visit old cathedral, occupy- i oh. founded in the ■ or Molua Kill- da-Lc . I lurch of St Lua). He ii<- li p, and was SUC- St I lannan, soil of Thi Mm who b - y ben "ii the ch., which sp edily attain* d L< - 1 1 r one Hi" burial-place of O'B t, King of Jj id. 1 120. I uciform ch. iitral tow< r i of the Thi choir irish ch. ( I to D M >re I . di< d the whole d said by I ir- I . particularly the figures on 11a 1 2nd arch from the inside. The W.end is lighted byverynar- row early lancet windows, deeply splayed within. Within the pre- cincts of the ch.yard is a second >in- gular building— a stone-roofed ch. — said to have been built by St. Molua or St. Flannan. Internally it is 29ft. 1 in. long by 18ft. broad. It. is Lighted by a semicircular-headed window in the W. gable, and by a triangular or straightheaded one in the E. It is entered by a remarkable doorway, the capital of which "on the X. side presents a rude imitation of the [onic scroll, while that on the S, presents '2 figures of animals re- presenting lambs; while the archi- trave exhibits none of the ornaments considered as characteristic of Norm, architectun 1 >r. Petrie considers that the erection of this ch. is to be attributed to St. Flannan; while the one built by St. Molua is to be found on an island in the river. The navigation from Killaloe to Limerick is carried on by a canal, so to avoid the rapids of Killaloe and Castle Council. "The minimum discharge of the Shannon at Killaloe has b en estimated by Mr. Mull vany, in the driest summer, so low as 100,000 cubic feel of water per mi- nute." — Ka\ ■ Conveyances. Steamer to Athlone; rail to J, in' rick. / ■ I tariff, by water, 1 1 in.: Holy Island, r_' ; Limerick, 17; I atle Connell, 7A; Nenagh, 12; [to which place a road runs round the southern base of the Afra hills, and immediately fronting the rae of •■ Silver-mine Mts., which cul- minate in the Lofty summit of ^lt. K& p r. : ft. nagh is a small '_ r irrison town tuato d im tli it runs down in the Silv< r-mim s Mts. into! oagh Derg. i contain much of in' the circul I he Cast i asually Known R< und," and on i Route 35. — Killarney to Kenmare. Ireland. largest and most important Norman keeps in the kingdom.] Conveyance. — Rail to Parsonstown, Dublin, and Limerick. The remainder of this ronte is per- formed by rail, passing 3 m. Bird Hill Station. 7J m. at Castle Connell the tourist should stop to view the ra- pids ; where " the Shannon pours that immense body of water, which, above the rapids, is 40 ft. deep and 300 yds. wide, through and above a congre- gation of huge stones and rocks which extend nearly jm., and offers not only an unusual scene, but a spectacle approaching much nearer to the sublime than any moderate - sized stream can offer even in its highest cas- cade. None of the Welsh waterfalls nor the Griesbach in Switzerland can compare for a moment in grandeur and effect with the rapids of the Shannon." — Inglis. The river on either side is lined with pretty grounds and residences; on the 1. bank the principal are Castleview, Woodlands, the Hermitage (Lord Massey), and New Gardens ; and on the right are Waterpark and Doonass House (Sir Hugh Massy, Bart.). In the neighbourhood of the Annacotty station are Mount Shannon (Earl of Clare), Mulkear, and Thorn- field (Gen. Bourke) ; soon after which the rly. crosses a small river called the Slievemohean, and at Killomn station joins the Waterford and Li- merick line. 17 m. Limerick (Rte. 33) {Hotel : Cruse 's). ROUTE 35. FROM KILLARNEY TO VALENTIA AND KEN MARE. A car leaves Killarney every morn- ing at 8, taking the high road along the upper shore of the lake, which passes Aghadoe, and crosses the Laune at Beaufort bridge. The tourist will find this portion minutely de- tailed in Rte. 31 . At the bridge there are 2 roads to Killorslin : the one on the N. bank of the Laune is the pret- tiest ; but the car follows the other, winding round the grounds of Beau- fort House, where it abruptly leaves the road to the Gap of Dunloe. Near Cullenagh House (K. Ma- honey, Esq.), and close to the road- side, is the circular fort of Labballow. The country traversed by this road is wide, open, and bleak; although on the 1. the landscape is relieved by the noble ranges of the Keeks and their secondary ranges, which rise up in a grand sweep from the undu- lating morasses in the foreground. 8 m. Cliurclitown ; Sir R. Blenner- hasset, Bart.). Close by is the eh., where the McGillicuddvs are buried, and a little to the S. is the tower of Castle Core, where they lived. This is the best point from which to ascend the Reeks. At Banecloon the Gaddagh is crossed near its junction with the Laune, on the opposite bank of which is the ruin of Bally malis Castle. At 12 m. the Cotton ers river is crossed, and a broad road running parallel with the Laune leads into Killorglin, a mean-looking town, though prettily placed, overlooking the valley of the Laune, which is crossed by a long bridge leading to Miltown and Castlemaine. Here is still the shell of a castle formerly belonging to the Knights-Templars ; but on their dissolution it reverted to its former owners the Fitzgeralds, who lost it again in the Rebellion. Killorglin will not delay the tourist long, unless he be an angler. Conveyances. — Car to Killarney ; car to Cabirciveen ; car to Tralee, through Milltown and Castlemaine. Distances. — Killarney, 13 m. ; Lough Carra, 7 ; Milltown, 5. [To the latter place the road follows the rt. bank of the Laune, which very I L.vm jj ,-,;'. 35; — Castlematne— 01 dy , stuary conjointly i tl e Maine. There are several ularforts in this neighbourhood, which clo9e to the road, 1 m., died Farrenmacwilliam. Thence T high ground, I into ml i 1 o valley of the Adjoining vn is Kil- man, the beaut fully wooded Eliza- Sir W. Go lfr< y, Bart., in whose grounds aina K Ionian «>r Ki!l< agh Abbey, \ iansin the r • 1 1 rv III., by Gcofl Mau- and now i >f some ml an 11. win- A littli listat • m Kil leman ifl 1" * " . in I •'. The 'sm -I t 7 m. ( 'astle- supposed to val with rnond Bri 1 k. -tic i >n t- irch by which it was sup; maining, and the which the pivol of turned is still to be - u rly had a good i it- position as B up, and r having • he haven, all • - uly d< -• rted it. dant, may 1 ] I is mldei i f •wn, iim, * ' At I m. from i pedestrian who is fond <>f fine lull m ' \ . The lake is narrow, but its bank's arc in many places well fringed with native wood, which ap- pears to have been much more abund- ant in times gone by than it is now. Carez filiformis has its abode there. There is magnificent trout and salmon fishing here, and comfortable accom- modation in the house of a farmer aicd Breen, who keeps a lodging- hou The road to the head of the lake winds close to the shore for one-third of the distance, and is then cut "tl" from it by a hill of nearly 1000 ft. in at. It .-non rejoins the river high< r up at Lickeen and Blackstones, two beautifully sitn ited fishing lodsr< s. At this tit the I : it t-1 i g flows in, taking its rise from Lough Acoose, at the fo >f of Di rryf . 1170 ft. Still higher, we strike the cross- mountain road tV m Waterville to Killorglin. The Carra-beg itself is formed by a number of small streams taking their rise from Coomenagh, 35ft., and is well worth exploring, from the magnificent mountain views of the Reeks. Indeed, it is a very i I point from whence* to ascend these latter points, as the tourist tier by gains an entirely different of views to those from the other '!' • tourist should Btay for a time ;it Breen's, and, with the help of the < Frdnanc p, visit the rec< sc hills, which are known to few. •Jl m. we arrive at Glenbay, I • behy, a charming little spol at thi ;i thickly-W( oded knoll, md which the ' inds. Ik dley Arms is a comfortable illy filled l rs in - dmon fl ;i- Both tl 1 the < Jarra toD B 1 Haven. I of t 1 ,; ntain '.' • : ' . r the 326 Boute 35. — Killarney to Kenmare. Ireland. niit, where on the 1. a magnificent amphitheatre of hills unfolds itself. The highest point about the centre is Coomacarrea, 2542 ft. (at the foot of which are a couple of large tarns), flanked on the 1. by Meenteog, 2350 ft , and on the rt. by Been Hill, 2189 ft. ; the eminence on the extreme rt., under which the road runs, is Dnmg Hill, 2104 ft., on the top of which a pattern is held. Soon after passing a cottage, where horses are changed, a very splendid view bursts on the sisrlit — as the road surmounts the shoulder of the hill and suddenly drops upon Dingle Bay, alongside of which a fine terrace is carried for some miles at a great elevation. Parallel with us on the opposite coast are the fine ranges which ex- tend from Tralee to Ventry — viz., Cahir-couree, 2796 ft. ; Benoskee, 2715; Brandon, 3127; and Mt. Eagle, 1695, with the different inlets up which lie Annascaull, Din- gle, and Ventry — while the end of the promontory is finished off with the rocky islands of the Blaskets. The view to the 1. is entirely cut off by the steep hills overhanging the road, until the coast trends a little to the S. at the picturesque village of Kelts or Hollymount, with its cheer- ful-looking coastguard station. Here the mountains close in on either side, the road cutting off the view of the sea ; and we descend the open val- ley of the Ferta. There is a pretty bit of scenery at Carhan Bridge, with, the wooded knoll of Hill Grove right in front, and the river on the rt. Close to the bank is the ivy-covered ruin of Carhan, a cottage where Daniel O r Connell first saw the Light. 38 m. Cahirciveen (Inn, Fitz- gerald's), a miserable little town on the side of a hill overlooking the Valentia river and harbour. There is nothing to see in it, but the anti- quary should cross the river and visit the ruins of Ballycarbery Castle, a little to the N. of which is a singular stone fort, in good pre- servation, not unlike the Staigue fort (p. 329). Cahirciveen is situated rather finely at the foot of those bluff mountains which have kept com- pany with the tourist all the way from Killarney. The hill overlook- ing the town is Bentee, 1245 ft. Conveyances. — Car to Killarney daily. Distances.— Killarney, 38 m. ; Kil- lorglin, 25 ; Glenbehy, 17 ; Valentia, 3 ; Waterville, 12 ; Inny Bridge, 9^. [The ferry to Valentia Island is 3 m. from the town, and the distance across to Knightstown is nearly J m. There is a comfortable hotel, from whence the tourist can visit the neighbourhood. The island of Valentia is about 5J m. long, by 2 broad, and is sepa- rated from the mainland by a cir- cuitous passage, very narrow at the N. and S. entrances, but swelling out in the interval, so as to afford a secure harbourage. Generally speaking the surface is bold and rocky, rising at Ceokaun Mount, the most northerly point, to 880 ft. ; and at Bray Head, on the S., to 792 ft. Between these two points, however, the land sinks to 200 or 300 ft. The finest scenery, and, indeed, nearly all that is worth seeing is towards the N. of the island. At Knightstown the principal thing is the slate- works, where the processes of cut- ting and polishing the slabs may be constantly seen. Forming part of the office is the room (almost historic- ally celebrated) in which were con- ducted the operations of the Atlantic Telegraph — operations which the inhabitants of Valentia fondly hope will ere long be revived, to the benefit of the trade and business which the establishment of the Tele- graph brought to this district. As may be seen any day in the papers, Valentia is still an important tele- graph-stat. for meteorological re- ports. Proceeding by a very capital road on the N. coast, we arrive at I LAND. Route 35'. — Valentia — WaterviUc. 097 the only seal on the island, and the r. sidi 1 the Knight of Kerry, t if the s.»ii, and ac- 1 nil accounts, a landlord who lives firmly seated In the afl ttons of his tenants. It is prettily q a cliff overlooking the liar 1 nd undern ath the road, with foliage and. brush" L About £ m. ahead of it is the • Point, guarding narrow entrance between tl islands of Valentia and Beghinish. itter D awkward ini- . being •tly midway betw I I Don B ad, a pre- I I ft. in In i offei rrv welcome to any un- unabl make the rmy night. A jiit, 1 Jm w ie Atlantic rolls in 1 be of g me at Valentia than in the kingdom. 1 mid follow the road to I and thence < inn, which seaward pre- ts a lofty '-I'll', but towards the I bluff slope. There ommit of the in 1, of Doulas ED ; I M ' and the! • v T 1 the Bolas H 1 i n 1 1 while in] * t 1 It d and running I ihirciveen t H I al well worth 1 ! iri-t Ballyi the i tin re is T 1 from the ob- • . i 1 1 _r to P • \ - ] II hscs the Inny ri a fine trout and salmon Btream, that rises in the hills between the coast and Lough Carra, and falls into Bal- linskelliga Bay, an open though iron- hound hay, with a noble white strand, the terror of all vessels that may have drifted into this neighbour- hood, as there is no holding ground for them. 50 m, WaterviRe, is a little village, most romantically situated close to the side of Ballinskelligs Bay, and on a narrow neck of land that sepa- rates the sea from Lough Curraun or Lough Leane. (hi the banks of the Lake is the Bartopp Arm-. a very comfortable hotel, where the visitor, be he fisherman, artist, or Lestrian, may with comfort and plea- sure bide a while. Lougb Curraun, n \t to Killarney the finesl southern lake in Ireland, extends into the heart of the mountains for about m., and is connected with the sea by a short stream. In fact, were it not on a higher level, it might be taken for a large lagoon. The head of the lake, which is fed by the Cummcragh River, is em- 3omed in mountains, and is sur- rounded by scenery of no mean order. B its can be had for viewing the Lake or for fishing; the expense of tin; latter item is for a boat and man 5*. per day. If possible, 1 obtain the servic Hey, who k; lake thoroughly. The short connecti river is pi d by Mr. ButL whose house is adjoining the villag but Leave for fishing had for king. TJ 1 ral islands in ke, one of which, the Church Id ind. contains the ruins of an an- al eh. and of the hoUSC Of St. 1 1 « 1. of the date of the 6th it It i- nearly circular externally, hut y. At Caherdaniel, 7 m, is a small stone fprt on rt. of 1. We now cut off the project- lontory of the Lamb's I Lead, I to the pretty village of [AlittL tdWesI Cove E. Sullivan, Esq. . 1 1 m., a road to 1. runs up into the hills for about 2 m. t i § For/, one of the most il antiquarian remains in land. The best way for the tour- ist to visit it is to walk, directing Iriver to go forward, an I •k him up again at a spot some 4 m. further, where a cross mountain- m the fort comes in. "It is closu] rly circular, 114 ft. ter from out to out ; and in 88 ft. fn>m E. to W. : and v 7 ft. •'• in X. to S. The stones are ]•']* r without any descripti r or » ment ; the I is 13 ft. thick at the bott m, an 1 5 ft. 2 1 ;tt top at the higl est part, whei some of 1 f - square 'lour- in the 8 8.W. s 5 ft 9 in. i, with slopii In t of this n ive wall, niil cham- i the W. side is 1 2 by 1 ft. 7. in. widi I • rn chambi r _-. but higl • They t rt »m h< ace to K II irney, crossing the Black? ining 1. About 2 m. from of 330 Houte 35. — Killarney to Kenmare. Ireland. gentlemen's residences, viz., Holly Wood (F. Hyde, Esq.), Parknasilla (now held by Dean Graves), Derry- quin Castle (F. C. Bland, Esq.), Reenaferrara (Oapt. Hartley). 2 m. from Sneem is the small Island of Garirrish, belonging to the Earl of D n nra ven, the views from which combine a variety of outline with a picturesque beauty of detail scarcely to be met with on the W. coast of Ireland. At 28 m. the road crosses the Blackwater, which runs in a deep ravine under the one-arched bridge, foaming and rushing as though it were still a highland stream, instead of falling into the sea. With its dense woods on either side and its festoons of ivy this is a spot of rare beauty. [A road on the 1. leads to a fishing-lodge some distance up the river. It is worth following the Blackwater to its source, which is extremely fine, in a deep amphi- theatre of mountains, called " The Pocket." Steep escarpments sur- round it on all sides save the one from which the stream escapes. The cliffs on the W. of the Pocket are formed byBeown Mt. (2468 ft.), and on the N. by Mullaghnathin (2539). These summits form the watershed between the Blackwater and the Carra.] Leave for fishing the river can be obtained from Mr. Mahoney, or by stopping at the Blackwater inn, Old Dromore. On the opposite side of the river are the woods and grounds of Cap- pandcush or Dromore Castle, the beautiful seat of B. Mahoney, Esq., who kindly allows the tourist to drive through his demesne. It is a modern castellated residence, com- manding charming views of the bay and river of Kenmare, and contains the keep of the ancient castle. Leaving on rt. Dunkerron Castle (J. Taylor, Esq.), the traveller enters 36 m. Kenmare (Hotel: Lans- downc Arms, tolerable). This pret- tily situated little town dates from 1670, the time of its foundation by Sir William Petty, the ancestor of the Lansdowne family. " Scarcely any village built by an enterprising band of New Englanders, far from the dwellings of their countrymen, was more completely out of the pale of civilisation than Kenmare. Be- tween Petty's settlement and the nearest English habitation, the jour- ney by land was of 2 days, through a wild and dangerous country. Yet the place prosjiered : 42 houses were erected ; the population amounted to 180 ; the cattle were numerous ; the supply of herrings, pilchards, mackerel, and salmon was plentiful, and would have been still more plentiful had not the beach been, in the finest part of the year, covered by multitudes of seals. An attempt was made with great success to set up iron-works. The neighbourhood of Kenmare was then richly wooded, and Petty found it a gainful speculation to send ore thither." — Macaulay. In 1688 the success of the little colony attracted the jealous and greedy eyes of the natives, who, re- garding the inhabitants as heretics, set to work to plunder and injure them in every way. For a time they held out, and were enabled to keep their own ; but at length, being be- sieged by a regular army of 3000 men, the c#lony was forced to capitulate, and embark in a vessel for Bristol. It is charmingly situated at the very head of Kenmare Bay, where the Roughly river empties its waters. The town itself does not contain any object of interest, save the Suspen- sion Bridge which crosses the Sound on the road to Glengarriff. The tourist will soon find out, from the pertinacity of the girls who offer it for sale, that lace-work is an article of manufacture here as well as at Limerick. The rides and drives in the neigh- bourhood of Kenmare are remarkably varied and beautiful, and the follow- ing are recommended : — ■ Ireland. finufe 36. — Cork to K.< nmare. .>.» i 1. To Dromore, then up the Black- water to Lough Brin, from thence along the valley of the Owenreagh, an tnon'e Cliff, is vnv fine. ;i. T Gl< i § rriffby the "Priest's l p." 4. Along K< nmare Bay to the 1 fClonee, [nchiquin,and GUen- . and thence to the harbour of Kilmich lelog nveyances. — Car toSneem daily, 1. in the season, carto Glengarriff and Bantry : also to Killarney. !>>■ 9. — Killarney, 19 m. ; _Mir;iK 17: Macroom, 29; Ban- try, 27 : Si i m, L6 : Waterville, 36. Ti Killarney follows ap the course of the Finnihy river, and idually ascends from the valley Into the mountains, offering very fine views, looking to the 8., of the ha and Slieve-Miskish Mts., in the proximity of B< arhaven,b tweenthe .' Kenmare and Bantry. At the 6th m. a pass in themoun- 1. and the Sneem road II oce it is carrie 1 along •f the Oweneagh to 8 m. 1 ooseaunagh Lough. This is one of -t routo - iii I • S. of Ereland — • tally when, after passing the i, the vi w of the Lak< a of ii y bursts upon the sight. ■ • r< in under of this route is D in p. 291. fTE 36. M CORK TO KENMARE. Til BAN DON. BANTRY- AND GLENGARRIFF. \ ! erfon ! I : ' . : rninu.H <-f which i 8 | *- - 1 t ; i '. . I ' ii 1. the Union H suburban villas, the first objecl ofin- tereei is the Chetwynd Viaauct, con- sisting of 1 arches of L21 ft, span. 6J m, Waterfall Station, a little beyond which on rt. are the walls of the abbey of Ballymacadane, an Augustinian abbey of the L5th cen- tury, founded by Cormao McCarthy. The line now p through a tunnel, and arrives at Ballinhassig stat. The village is about 1 m. to I. e \V. The mad from the station passes at the back of Mount Mary, over a very lino arch which spans the glen. Ballina- boy Bouse is the seal of J. Molony, Esq. Crossihg the Owenboy river, which flows into the sea near ( Sarriga- line and Crosshaven Rt . 37 , the traveller next arrives at Orossbarry, where there is a junction with the Kinsale branch, 11 m. in length, which has the merit of being one of the cheapest lines in the kingdom, it only having cost 60002. a mile. 24 m. Kirwale {Hotel: Royal George; a new one is now build- ing by the Railway Co.) is both quaint and striking in its appear- ance, the houses rising in tiers on the side of the Compass Hill, overlooking the windings of the Bandon riv< On the same side, but fronting the town, are the vil- lages of Scilly and Cove, which are ;i goo 1 deal frequented in the bathing son. The harbour is defend d by Charl - r in. a Little bdow ( !oi and the ( >Id Fort, occupying a pro- montory round which the river mafe a gre it bend. The latter, however, otherwise call( d ( Sastle-ni-park, is no Longer kepi ap : it is hexagonal in ape, and the towers and intrench- mentsare in tolerable condit ion. Kin- aot conl iin much of antiqua- rian int. n st, save ti , a fine old ii buildin it" have bi en 1 by St M alt la in the 1 1th ttury. f • ■ ■ m tains a v< n< rable W. end, with the apj «! dl bro tch Bpire ; a N". tran- • with a • t wit dow ; a S 332 Route 36. — Corlc to Kenmare. Ireland. trans, in ruins. The doorway of the tower is evidently of Inter date. In the interior are some monuments to the families of Southwell and Perceval, temp. Charles I. Tt must not, however, be inferred that the t >wn is modern, for, on the con- trary, it is one of the oldest in Ireland, and is alluded to in ancient MSS. as Cean Taile, " the headland in the sea/' In the 14th century it came into the possession of the powerful family of Courcy, who built a castle and made it a walled town, and ever since that period Kinsale knew very little peace, but came in for an unusual number of hard blows, principally at the hands of the Spaniards in 1601. They seized and held it for some days against the English army under Lord Mouutjoy and Sir J. Carew, who, when they called on the Spanish commander to surrender the town, received for answer that " it was held for Christ and the King of Spain." Kinsale suffered again during the Parliamentary war, in which it de- clared in favour of Cromwell. There is a very charming walk at the back of the ch. and round Compass Hill, from which the visitor gains beau- tiful views of the Forts and the Bandon river, with a ruined ch. and castle on the opposite bank. From the security of the harbour and the speed with which vessels could gain the open sea, Kinsale has been exten- di v. ly used as a rendezvous for squad- rons of the navy and homeward or outward bound vessels. It is lighted by a fixed light, at Charles Fort, off which there is rather an awkward bar ; also by a fixed light on the Old Head of Kinsale, 294 ft. above high water, and visible for 23 nautical miles. It is a pleasant excursion from the town to the Head, a promontory anxiously looked for by the homeward- bound voyager from America, who sights the Old Head of Kinsale before any other British land. The best though longest way is by the village of Ballinspittle, where there is a remarkably perfect fort with treble ramparts and intrenchments. It is, however, considerably nearer to cross the ferry. The Danes are said to have received their first defeat from the Irish at this spot. Passing Garrettstown (A. Forster, Esq.), the road emerges upon Courtmac- sherry Bay, and enters the penin- sula at Lispatrick. The geologist will find Posidonia lateralis in the slates of this district. The Signal Tower is placed on a strip of land, where the interval between the rocks on either side becomes very contracted ; the little bay on each side is known as Holeopen Bay, and on the W. side of it are the ruins of the old castle, built by the De Courcys in the 12th century. The Head itself, though only 256 ft. above the sea, presents magnifi- cent coast views, the chief points to the W. being the Seven Heads and the Galley Head. The distance from the town to the lighthouse by the nearest road is 5 m., and by Ballinspittle 9 m. ; to Bandon, 13 (by road) ; Cork, 24 ; Inishannon 8 ; Carrigaline, 13. 1} m. from Brinny stat., and near the grounds of Beechmount is a remarkably large Cashel Fort occupying an eminence of 600 ft. At 18 m. Inishannon stat., the rly. crosses Bandon river, a little above the point where the Brinny falls in. A very lovely view it is, the course of the river being marked by charming wooded creeks and residences. On the 1ST. side of the Bandon is Domdaniel House fRev. R. Clarke), in the grounds of which are the ruins of the castle, built by Barry Oge in 1476. On the S. bank are Belmont and Cor Castle (J. Corker, Esq. 1 , commanding views of the valley of the Brinny, the confluence of which with the Bandon is thought by many to exceed in beauty the Yale of Avoca. Irel v Iii'Utc 36, — Bandon* [1.1 in. down tin- riv< r is the little town of [nishannon, which, thoug once an important walled and cas- ti Hated place, baa little to recom- mend it now but its beautiful situa- q. Si ill further down towards Kinsale are the b sautlful grounds of Bhippool W. II- nick, Esq.), ex- tending for a considerable distance river-side ; the ruins of Poulnalong Castle, an old fortress of the McCarl and Rock Castle, in tlu' grounds of which arc slight remains of ( Sarrig mass ( iastle.j arting the demesne of Woodlands, and passiug it. the tower of Hi 1 beg 3tl< , the train arrives at its ter- minus at 20 in. Bandon Inns: Devon- shire Ana- : French's , next to rk the busiest and most im- rtanl town in the county. It is pleasantly situated on the rt. bank the Bandon river, in a broad valley bouuded on the X. by iara Hills. With the exception the handsome modi rn eh. and a rn R. C. chapel, the town itself mtains very little thai is int rest- irist, except the Earl i ndon's Park of Castle Bernard _ the banks of river to the W. The Bandon ivigable only to Iniahauuon, fcdeh may therefore be considered but at deal of l'ii- t-ii in distilling, I il esi iblishmenl being All man, miu of the largest in tlie S Ireland. ' Rail to < lork ; ear B at • ant" BaUynacarrig ( a. the Hamlet by the Rock . a for- tress built by the McCarthys to command tin- pai s. "It is a lot square pile of building, the walls which ai . in thickni spiral e Leads t<> the b in- it ~. The upper apai tm. nt by circular arched windows, with mouldings enriched with < • u i i - on.- d nd \ .. riptural emblems, among which is our i thi between 2 thii There are a] ' R.M. — C.C., ] 581 mmemorat ng adal iithy and his wi 334 Route 36. — Corh to Kenmare. Ireland. Catherine Collins. Below this apart- ment is a lofty vaulted hall, which from the brackets and small windows still remaining is supposed to have been originally divided into 3 dif- ferent stories." — Lewis."} The country, which has been hitherto undulating, becomes wilder and more mountainous at Dunman- way {Inn : Wagner's), 37 m. which is on the slopes of the shoulders thrown out to the S. by the Sheeny Mountains. The Bandon here makes a turn from the N., Dun man way itself being situated on an affluent formed by 2 streams dignified with the names of The Brewery and the Dirty River. Immediately at the back of the town is Gunery Hill and Yew-tree Rock, 1032 ft., the Bandon taking its rise in the elevated moors between the latter and the Sheehy Hills. There are 2 roads from Dun- manway to Bantry, and it is hard to say which is most hilly and dreary ; the one usually taken is to the S., following up the stream of the Brewery, and then crossing the hills to 45 m. the village of Drimoleague, soon after which the Hen, which joins the sea near Skibbereen, is crossed. If the traveller takes the N. road, he will pass the ruins of Castle Donovan, a solitary and rude for- tress-tower of the O' Donovan family. 57 m. Bantry. [If the tourist is not tied to time, he will find a more interesting though considerably longer route to Bantry, by coasting it to Timoleague, Clonakilty, and Skibbereen. A pleasant road runs S. from Bandon up the little valley of the Bridewell, giving off rt. at Old Chapel, 1 m., a direct road to Clonakilty. May field on rt. is the seat of T. Poole, Esq.] At the mouth of the Arjideen river, 8 m., is Timoleague (Ty-Mologua, " The House of St. Mologua "), cele- brated for its Franciscan Abbey, founded in the commencement of the 14th cent, by the McCarthys. It consists of a nave, choir, and S. transept, with a singular light square tower rising between the *2 former to a height of 68 ft. This tower, together with the library and dormi- tories, was an addition of the Bishop of Ross in the 16th century. On the S. of the nave and the W. of the transept is a graceful open arcade, " supported by 7 irregular arches resting on cylindrical and square pillars without capitals." The nave is lighted by pointed, square-headed, and ogee windows ; the E. window and the one in the transept are of 3 lights (E. Eng.;, while the W. window is of 2 lights. To the E. of the transept are the remains of an oratory ; there are also portions of the domestic offices. The situation of the abbey is charm- ing, as the sea washes its very walls, running up an inlet from the bay of Courtmacsherry. A convenient cir- cumstance was this for the friars, who were thus enabled to receive at their doors many a cargo of Spanish wine. Adjoining the village are Timoleague House and Ummera. 2J m. to the S.E. is the pretty village of Courtmac- sherry, principally inhabited by fishermen, on. the S. side of the inlet. To the N. of the road between Timoleague and Clonakilty is the eh. of Kilmaloda, which has been well restored by Mr. Bence Jones, a gentleman residing near Clonakilty. 14 m. Clonakilty (Inn : Donovan's ; bad) will not detain the tourist long. It is rather pleasantly situ- ated at the head of an inlet of the sea, which, however, is very detri- mental to the trade of the town, owing to its tendency to silt up, and thus prevent any but small vessels from approaching the harbour. The Earl of Shannon built a Linen Hall and tried to establish a trade, but it did not answer. The archaeologist will find a good many ruins in the neighbourhood, although none of them are of importance or offer any very interesting features. They consist of a ch. on the island of Ireland. Boat* 36.— Eoescarbery- Skibbereen. Inchdorey, a castle at Arundel on the E. the Lolel ; also at Dunnycove, Dunowen, and Dun- yon Galley Head. The lasl 3 boul 8 ia. to the S. of Clona- kil Tin re Lb also a .-tone circle 1 V. of the t<>\vn. I — . —Car to Bandon. 1> 'i 9. — Bandon, 1 1 m. ; Timo- 6 : R< escarb ry, 8 ; (.all. v Bea 1. 9 ; Skibbere< n, 20. " T tery improvi a considerably in the neighborhood of B a rrh. /•//. the termina- tion of Carbery being added to dis- tinguish it from Rosa in co. Water- ford. It is a charmingly situated little town at the head of a pill run- m R sscarberj Bay, part which is cross< d by a long can- - way road from the E. shore. Look- ing \. are the woods of Cahermore T. Hungerford, EsqO In the 6th SI Faugknan, otherwise called r " the hairy,"' founded a and religious school, the of the at diocese of iatt-d in jurisdiction with and Cork. The cathedral the ] arish eh. is a Ft rp. cruci- m building, with an octagonal spire rising from the tower. There i S. doorway, and a W. wi arhts, and the nave is 1 from the choir by 8 i n. A1 ' id, in the interior, U ilar-h< aded arch, the crown i. d with a head. 1 8 :' tin cathedral are the i n^hnan's ch., \\! h t't hut the wa ir. 1 : I aughti tablishmenl of It is tty y, the i by the 1 j . S 1 k«- ti I ■■, tli. \V. n I ' rof tie Adjoining the town on the upper road to Leap is Derry, the seal of II. Townsend, Esq. The Lower o cross* - the Rour} rh i p, passing I, Etoury Bouse, and Coppinger's Court, a ruined mansion of thai family, who flourished in the time of Elizabeth. The In ad of another estuary Lfi crossed at 27 ni. Leap, a picturesque village, where the Leap river Hows through a dorp ravine that, in the days of had roads and facility of getting into debt, provoked the Baying, " To live beyond the Leap was to live ond the Law.'" Both tin se re- proaches arc now remedied, and the Leap is spanned by a good bridge, On the opposite bank of the estuary of Glandore are Brade House T. Swanton, Esq.) and Myr< - >. Townsend. Esq. . the woods of which add much to the beauty of the sc< ne. Lower down is the village of Union- hall, from whence there is a ferry the opposite village of Glandore. [About 7 m. to the B. of Leap is Castle Haven, another of these nu- merous inlets, along the W. shores of which are the village and woods 1 stle Townsend (Rev. M. Towns- end). The views from the hay and cliffs arc extremely fine, command- ing Toe Head and the whole lino of coasi from Galley Head to Cape Clear.] Passing a Bene* of I water ponds, called tin- Bhepperton Lak< s, and well Btocked with trout, the traveller reaches .';:; m. Skibbereen Tuns: Com- mercial ; Bechi r 'a Arms] is a town of some importance in this di trict, .i- it is the largest in tl B.W, i ; ii' r of Inland, and d< :i fiiir busin - in grain and agri- cultural produce, though t<> Eng- lish i ars it is principally iati d with di.-tn-s, this 1<>< ality ha\ i ffen d to trful < \t< nt in tin- It is Bituat il » di~ nj» tl l i, which is navi- ble i mall the . 336 Route 36. — Corlc to Kenmare. Ireland. Old Court, some 3 m. down. The town itself docs not contain much worth seeing, though the Roman Catholic chapel is a pretentious Gre- cian building. [A very pretty trip can be made along the E, bank of the Hen to the little port of Baltimore, passing Old Court and Oreagh (Sir H. Becher, Bart.), off which is the island of Inchbeg. 8 m. Baltimore is finely situated on the E. coast of the Bay of the same name, which is sheltered on the W. by the island of Sherkin : a rock overlooking the pier is crowned with the ruins of the castle. From its accessibility and its convenience as a harbour of refuge, it was always the resort of a number of foreign fishermen, so much so that Edward VI. had it in contemplation to build a fort and make them pay tribute. The 2 great events of the town were its surrender to the Spaniards by Sir Fireen O Driscoll in 1662, and its subsequent capture by the Algerines, who carried off 200 prisoners to Algiers. The principal interest lies in tiie pound, approached by a steep flight of steps, up and down which the wretched animal has to be con- veyed. The whole of this coast is indented and irregular in the highest degree, and offers to the pedestrian some fine cliff scenery. On the return to Skibbereen a detour to the E. should be made to visit Lough Hyne, a sort of cul-de-sac of the sea, which can only enter in by a very narrow pas- sage, just wide enough for a boat, causing at high water an extraordi- narv commotion. In the centre of the Lough is an, islet with a ruined tower on it ; and on the W. bank is a cottage ornee, built by Sir II. Becher. The scenery at the head, underneath the cliff and head of Knockomagh, is particularly ro- mantic] Conveyance. — Car to Bandon. Distances. — Bandon, 34 m. ; Cork, 51; Rosscarbery, 11 £; Clonakiity, 20 ; Baltimore, 8 ; Bantry, by Drimo- league, 20 ; Dunmanway, 16 ; Bally- dehob, 10 ; Roaring Water, 7 ; Skull, 14 ; Lough Hyne, 4, Excursions. — 1. Skull. 2. Leap. 3. Lough Hyne. 4. Baltimore. The usual route followed to Bantry pursues the valley of the Hen, pass- ing 1. Hollybrook, the seat of J. Becher, Esq., and Mount Music. At Drimoleague it joins the direct road from Bandon. [The traveller, with whom time is no object, and does not mind rough- ing it a bit, should continue round the coast by the Crookhaven road, that leaves Skibbereen along the it. bank of the Hen, parting company with it at Newcourt (L. Fleming, Esq.) To the rt. of the road a wild range of hills comprise the district of West Carbery, forming a sort of backbone to the long, jutting pro- montory, w T hich, with many others, characterise this S.W. coast. The scenery is romantic at Roaring Water, 7 m., where a mountain river rushes impetuously through a deep glen, into the bay of the same name. A second inlet runs up to Ballydehob, 10m., in the neighbourhood of which copper-mines have been worked. The Bay of Roaring Water is of considerable extent, and contains some rather large islands — the most important, and the farthest out at sea, being familiar to every school- boy under the name of Cape Clear. Clear Island is nearly 2 m. in length by | m. in breadth, and contains a coastguard station, a lighthouse which shows a revolving light, and a telegraph which effects a saving of some six hours in the transmission of American news.]* 14 m. Skull (Inn: Prince of Wales) is a little village at the bead of Skull Harbour, at the foot of Mount Ga- briel, which rises to the height of 1339 ft. The parish is of enormous Ireland. Rout, ;U). — Banfri/. size, and externally is wild and deaolafc .jut, however, has b •« d largely found and extensively worto d, incipally at Cappagh, overlooking 1 ' coast betwe< d Ballydehob and Bkull, and also al Horse [aland. 1 aother mine immediately Skull, near the ruined Castle Ardentenant, a fortress of the sepl of Mahony. to the villag La Axdmanagh House, r ■ Ultima Thul< :ation will be found at 26m I uft- i considerable village partly on the mainland and partly on peninsula adjoining it, the in- l "' N aing v - ' r forming the haven. The oh, was built by the Bishop I »rk, in 1701, for the accommo- i of the sailors visiting th< rich, in times of war i specially, nsiderable num- s. The promonl - at the ter- ination of thia district are Brow H< i. Mizen Head, and Three Ci s- tl( The tourist, however, can cut from Crookhaven and coast up Dunmanus Bay to Dunmanus, Wi - is another ruined keep ot . th '- - AI > l » tiu a third ?her up at Dunbeacon. On the 3 which are hold and re the pretty Bequ of Evanson's < . and ] > i rig Boy, al Dunmanus, are and .' j;. y. . . Vickary's; T.;.n- ]lv d an historical nol - from m al the head of Bay, ii | sition which i outi their schemesof invasion. jion was in 1 89, when nch i by in which the ave li fhat ; 1 th. od was in 1796, wl with 15 in the 13 i 1 337 intention of landing. Fortunately, however, a severe Btorm dispersed it b fore the mischief was done. i\ a small and poor town, " in a Bmall valley encircled by lofty mountai which, attracting the clouds in their passage over the Atlantic involve ii in almost continuous rain." Adjoin- ing the town is Bantry House, the 'i of the Bar! of Bantry; and opposite it is Whiddy Island, once a forest, but now converted into farms. It is defended by 3 redoubts, and contains near the northern one the ruins of a fortress of the OSullivans. There pre also fine vi ws of the oppositecoast ofBearhaven, to which, if the weather is tine, it is the b< plan to proceed by water, as thus there is a saving of 13 m. Conveyances. — Coach daily in the ison to Glengarriffi Kenmare, and Killarney; daily to Dunnmnw; and Bandon. Distances.— Cork, 57 m. ; Bandon, 37; Dunmanway, 20; Skibbereen, by Drimoleague, 20; Crookhaven, 22; Skull, 15; Oastleton Bearhaveri by water ,about20; Glengarriff, L0; Kenmare, 27; Gougane Barra, 16; kcroom, :->4. Excursions. — 1. Pass of Keimaneigh. 2. Gougane Ban 3. Crookhaven. 4. Glengarriff. The chief h auty of the southern route t<> Killarm y may be to commenc Bantry, the road fol- lowing the \.K. bend of the bay, jsing 1. Newtown House, and soon afterwards oi the Mealagh, which, in its fell over a ledge oi rocks, prodv charming little cas- cade. On 1. is Dunnamark House, 1 on rt., up the val] M alagh, I taombrow and [nchiclogh. illylieh- y House A. tchins, Esq. the Owvane 1 the road falls in from ic I 1 th- Pa K< igh l;t . : 7 . o u \ 1 Q °;8 0')i Route 36. — Cork to Kenmare. Ireland. is a ruined tower, built by O'Sul- livan, and defended against the forces of Elizabeth. At 61 J m. the Ooomhola is crossed. This is a very considerable str< am, running from the mouutains parallel with the Owvane, and rising about. 7 m. to the N. in Lough Nambrackderg, a beautiful mountain tarn, surrounded on all sides by the lofty precipices of Kinkeen, 1666 ft., similar to, only on a smaller de than Gougane Barra. The recesses of these hills can be ex- plored by following the road up the valley of the Coomhola. A little further on are the beautiful grounds of Ardnagashel (S. Hutchins, Esq.), and soon the attention of the traveller is entirely occupied by the exquisite views of Glengarriff, "The Rough Glen," (37 m., the brightest and most beautiful spot in Co. Cork. Glen- garriff is the name of a harbour which runs in witli a singularly in- dented coast outline from the N.W. head of Bantry Bay. The great charm of the place is the beautiful framework of mountains in which the picture is set, and the foreground of .woods that surround the eastern por- tion of the harbour and the course of the Glengarriff. "Were such a bay lying upon English shores, it would be a world's wonder. Perhaps if it were on the Mediterranean or the Baltic, English travellers would ilock to it by hundreds. Why not come and see it in Ireland ? The best view of this exquisite scene — the charm of a soft climate enhancing ( very other — is obtained from the height of the hilly road leading to Killarnev, and at the foot of which is a pretty cottage, preferred as a r<^idence for many years by Lord Bantry to the stately mansion at Bantry. This cottage is placed on an island formed by a mountain stream, the approach to which is by a bridge made from the mainmast of a French ship of the line, one of the invaling fleet of 170G." —Thackeray. Roche's Royal Hotel, and Eccles' Hotel, are both tolerable ; the latter rather the best; and the tourist cannot do better than stay a day or two to explore the beauties of the neighbourhood. Writers and' tra- vellers of all classes have united in singing the praises of this delightful b ( y, which is in truth a perfect Para- dise, the only drawback to which is, that it puts one out of conceit with the rest of the country. The view from the hotel of the almost landlocked bay, with its many islands, the grounds and woods of Glengarriff Castle (R. H. White, Esq.) on the 1., and the coast to- wards Bearhaven on the rt., is in itself an inducement that very few hotels can offer. The principal objects of interest are the grounds of Glengarriff, together with the adjoining property of George P. White, Esq., through which run charming walks and drives ; Crom- well's Bridge, on the old Bearhaven road, a ruinous old bridge said to have been built by Cromwell at an hour's notice ; the ascent of Cob- dhuv, 1244 ft., at the back of Glen- garriff Castle ; and an exploration of the Caher Mountains, a most pic- turesque range that intervenes be- tween Bantry and Kenmare^ Bays. The Glengarriff river rises amidst a number of small tarns on the E. side of- the Eagle's Nest, 2005 ft. They are all full of trout, and the angler will obtain good sport, particularly in the Bantry Lake, a rather large tarn, under Crossterry Mountain, 1130 ft., sending off a tributary to the Glengarriff. The geologist will rind some splendid sections at the head of Bantry Bay of the Glen- garriff grits (or upper cornstones), overlaid by the Dingle beds and red sandstones of the conglomerate series, passing up from them into the carboniferous slates. [An excursion should also be made to Castleton Bearhaven, 22 in., in Ireland. Route 3J—Corh in Bantrff. OOA which the tourist will obtain many • beautiful mountain and sea viev. The road keeps the W, coast of the bay, Btrirting the fool of the I ier ranges to 12 m. Adrieroole Harbour, a picturesque little inlet situated at the base of Hungry Hill, the highest poinl of the Caher mountains, 2251 ft. M It is from the precipitous acclivities of Hungry Hill that the Adrigoole stream is thrown over a ledge of rocks 700 ft. in height, and which is the fin mountain cataract in the kingdom : particularly after rains, when the river is swollen, the effect is sub- lime. From its breadth and eleva- tion, the foil can often be distin- guished al Bantry, a distance of 11 miles." — F The ranges of the ( her mountains now give place to the slit vc Miskish, the slopes of whi arHav* o, ia Bear Island, a rocky island of some »*> m. in length, which is still nominally kept up in a si of de by the Govern- nt. Th re & veral redoul ;mt and a few men under him. A I runs from I wn promontory, passing Dunl H. Tex!' [. . to the mines, which are 7 m. distant. '• fn tie '• 1 m. are a veral v. of which run E. and W M and dip to the N. Borne of them found on trial unproductive, d were abandoned; but 2 vei on lied ill'' M< antain, 1" ing t't. above the 1< vel of and I her il vein, which runs \.F... have fur- nish* principal workings. Of aboul 200 t<»ns a month. 10 p r cent. produce. The Camniche vein has been v« iry productive : the ore is cleaner than in the Mountain vein, and the breadth of the lode is from 1 to 12 ft."— Kane. About 1000 people are employ* 1 at these mhn s, which are worked by 5 steam-engines, and the produce of which is shipped to Swansea. The tourist can either return toGlengarriff by the same road, or else cu1 across the promontory, and reach Kenmare by a read along the 8. side of Kenmare Bay by Kilmichelogue Harbour. If time permit this route is well worth following. The views about Kil- michelogue and Derreen are mi lovely.] The drive from Glengarrift to Kenmare is very line. The rend winds up the valley of the Glengan for a little distance, passing Glengar- f Lodge, and then strikes up il i the mountains, crossing immediately under Turner's Rock. 1393 ft., by a tunnel. It then crosses the 81a riv, r, and descends its valley, pa altogether through 3 tunnels, 45 ft., 84 ft., and 600 ft. in length. r J views, both amongst the mountains and on the descent, are of the m beautiful description. The Kenmare river is crossed by a suspi nsion bridge of 410 ft. in length, and the tourist arrives at si in. A", mare (Hotel: Lansdowne Arms . Rte. 35, in which the re- maindei of the route toKillarney is described. ROUTE 37. FROM CORK TO BANTRY, VTA MA- CROOM. Cork is one of the most incon- fcenl cities in I reland, — a mixl of aoble streets and broad qu; Q 2 340 Route 37. — Cork to Banfry. Ill EL A XT). with the very dirtiest of ill-paved lanes, the whole being set off by a charming frame of scenery that compensates, for many a defect. Hotels: Imperial, first-class; Victoria, pretty goo J. Good lodgings at Tan- ner's,- confectioner, Grand Parade. Pop. 80,121. The earliest notices of the city date from the times of St. Nessan and St. Finbar, who flourished about the 6th cent. Then the Danes, after repeatedly plundering it, took a fancy to settling down here them- selves, and carried on a somewhat flourishing commerce until the Anglo- Norm, invasion. At that time the ruling power was in the hands of Dermot McCarthy, Prince of Des- mond, who promptly made submis- sion to Henry II. on his arrival in 1172, and did him homage. Cork took an active part in the disturbed history of the middle ages, at which time it was described by Camden as " a little trading town of great resort, but so beset by rebellious neigh- bours as to require as constant a watch as if continually besieged." Its most noticeable event was the siege by William III.'s army .under Marl- borough and the Duke of Wurtem- burg, when the garrison surrendered after holding out 5 days. Cork is well situated on the Lee — "The spreading Lee, that, like an island fayre, Encloseth Corke with, his divided floode" — Faery Queenk — as it emerges from a wooded and romantic valley upon a considerable extent of flat alluvial grrjund, in its course over which it divides. The island thus formed com- mences about 1 m. above the town, is enclosed by the N. and S. channels of the river, and contains the greater portion of the city. The N. or principal channel is crossed by the Northgate and St. Patrick's Bridges : the latter, which connects the principal thoroughfares of the town, is a fine limestone bridge of 3 elliptic arches, surmounted by a balustrade. Crossing the S. channel are Clarke's, Southgate, Parliament, and Anglesey Bridges. The banks of both channels are lined with quays, which are more extensive in Cork than any other city except Dublin. The streets offer remarkable contrasts : some of them, as the Mall and the Grand Parade, are broad and well built, while the generality are irregular, narrow, and unclean. The city is badly off for public ground, although it possesses a flat melan- choly-looking park running parallel with the Lee, and offering very little inducement for a promenade, save the pretty view of the opposite bank. There is, however, near the W. entrance of the town, and between the 2 banks of the river, a very charming walk called the Mardyke, of about a mile in length, well sheltered by trees, which form a natural arch overhead, and which, when the lamps are lit at night, present an agree- able and foreign appearance. But the suburbs of Cork are so pleasant that the want of a good park is not much felt. In the unprepossessing S.W. district of the town was the old cathedral of St. Finbar, small and very unlike what a cathedral should be. With the exception of the tower, which was believed to have formed part of the old ch., it was a modern Doric building, with a stumpy spire of white limestone. The mode in which the funds were raised for its erection is singular, viz. by levying a tax on all the coal imported for 5 years. Near it is the episcopal palace and a cemetery, in which, according to the Litany of St. iEngus Killideus, written in the 9th cent., 17 bishops and 700 holy people lie interred with St. Nessan and St. Bar. A new cathedral is just approaching com- pletion, from designs by Mr. Burgess, who, having but a small sum of money at his disposal, has been at Ireland. Rout -"'7. — Cork — Public But! ! L i the . • rs. l?he arrangement in the oh. is thai of nave, aisles, and transept, i r with an apsidal choir and ambulat ad will when finished have an < v» i dinglj good < ftect. Bt. Anne'a S mdon Ch. is re- markable for it- i xt inordinary many- 1 tow i ft. high, faced en •J - - - with red stone, and on the others with limestone. tere is a very pn tty Dec, Pi byterian ch. en the N. Bide of the r, near the rl} Iso a B. C. a singular cupola, the ich air supported by : 9; and a Perp. chapel in good orge's Quay. 1 n'g ( !oH charmingly f the town en an he Lee, and is a really fine Tudor building, char; - i by Lord Macaulay " as worthy to stand in the High street of Oxford." It is built oi • 'U> limestone, g 3 si - of a friangle, ha' lecku ms on the W., the i s on the E., and the hall and library on the N. Tins, in Qon with B nd ( ralw ; , one of t 's C< founded r an act passed in 1845, and a pn aident, ' -presi- re. From | 9 up to 1860, I matriculated. Ti I lurt-house, ituate in a remarkably 1 portico, " worthy of l\d- c ilumna blature and corni oup r< pr< senting Jusi ind M< rcy. the remaining public build- M idon i near i k [nstitution, Library, ( i . A ; fr I the I m-hoi A Imp rial 1 1 « » t • 1 I i visit 1. I i.held '8i- tion in her contribul on to the fi arts and literature, amongsl whom may be mentioned Sheridan Know I- b, Dr. Maginn, Havnes Bayley, ('r ton Oroker, and Pfogan the sculptor, A v< ry large trade is carried on, chiefly in provisions, grain, and butter, which are export, d to Bristo and the Welsh ports, principally in urn for coal. In the year 185 » ;i t' ml of 4410 ve.- sels entered and cleared out from the port, the value of the exports in butter alone being upwards of 101,0002. The portion of the harbour from the city to Pai has been considerably deepened, that vessels of 600 tons can unlbe I at the «piay, where there is a depth of 7 ft. of water at low fcidi m yand 8. — J5y rail per ( nthera and Wesl JIlv. to Dublin; * rail to Youghal and Queenstov* ; rail to P •; rail to Bandon and, Kinsale. (The stations of the '2 former lines are near each other on the N. side of the river above P< - rose Quay, the 2 latter on the S. side.) Car to Dungarvan daily. Steamers to Queenstown several times a day i to Aghada, Cr< haven, and Ballinacurra ; to Brist 1 and London twice a week; to Cardiff and Newport alternate weeks; Waterford, Liverpool, and Glasgow weekly ; to London weekly. Distances, — Dublin, 166 m. ; Water- ford, 1 lo by rail ; Limerick, 62 ; Xbu- 21 : Qui enstown, lo ; JBlack- jk, 'i : P MMdleton, 6 ; B ii m y. 5 : Mallow, 20 ; Macro 23; Qougane Barra, 41 ; Kinsale, 24 ; Bandon, 20; Bristol, 262; Liverpool, aouth, 275. i e tourisl bas plenty of choice • xcursions i ffi ring from < Jork, 1. To 1 1 !« . 'Jo : i" Youghal B . : to Qu< enstown by rii i r, re- turning by raiL S e the mooi i i ' iri.-k"- Bridge 9 or 1" times a daj . doing the distance in ;io ut an hour, ami eallii A.- far .. Blackrock I river run.- in ft . at com q a 342 Route 37. — CorJc to Pantry. Ireland. passing on 1. the Great Southern and Western Ely. term inns, and the steam- packel offices on Penrose Qnny. The high banks on this side, at the foot of which run the G Ian mire road and the Youghal Ely., are charmingly wooded, and ornamented with pleasant villas, the most im- portant betwen Cork and Glanmire being Tivoli (M. Cagney, Esq. \ Fort William, Lotamore (Lieut. - Col. Beamish), Lota House (G. A. Wood, Esq.). On the S. side the elevation is not so great, nor are the banks so close to the water, a large flat area intervening, dignified by the name of the Park. The Cork and Passage line is a conspicuous feature here. The principal residences are Clifton (J. Murphy, Esq.\ Sans Souci, Temple Hill (W. J. Hoare, Esq.\ and Dund anion (lately occupied by Sir Thomas Deane.) 3 m. 1. the Glashaboy river enters the Lee, amidst pretty groves and parks running up to the suburban villages of Glanmire and Rivers- town. Nearly opposite this em- bouchure is Blackroch Castle, a very prominent feature in all the river views. It is a modern castellated building, placed at the end of a jutting promontory, and consists of a circular battlemented tower with a smaller turret, in which a light is burnt for the convenience of shipping. In the old castle, which was destroyed by fire in 1727, courts of Admiralty were held to preserve the rights of the Corporation. On 1. again are the woods of Dunkettle (J. Morris, Esq f \ North Esk, and Inchera House, the latter situated on the Little Island, a considerable tract separated from the mainland by a nar- row tidal stream : while overlooking all these places is the Mathew Tower, a round tower erected by Mr. Connor to the memory of Father Mathew, of temperance celebrity. _ It is well worth making a pedestrian excursion from Cork through Glan- mire for the sake of the noble pano- rama of the Queenstown river. As the Lee turns round the corner at Blackrock the shores sweep away on either side, enclosing a magnifi- cent sheet of water known as Lough Mali on. On 1., at the S. bank of Little Island, there is a beau- tiful pass up one of the branches, separating it from Foaty Island, the extremity of which is crossed by the Queenstown Ely. 6 m. rt. Passage West, a pretty village embosomed in woods, and a considerable place of call both for tourists and others bound up and down the river. It is busy and prosperous, and boasts a large private dock and timber-yard, the property of Mr. Brown — "The town of Passage is both large and spacious, And situate upon the say ; 'Tis nate and dacent, and quite adjacent To come from Cork on a summer's day. There you may slip and take a dip in Forenint the shipping that at anchor ride, Or in a wherry cross o'er the ferry To Carrigaloe on the other side." Lover's Irish Lyrics. Passing the Turkish Baths and the water establishment of Carrig- mahon, the next point of interest is 8 m. rt. Monlcstown, situated amongst thick woods at the mouth of one of the small pills that ran into the main estuary. Its principal object of interest is the castle, a quad- rangular building flanked by square towers, built in 1636 at the cost of a groat. " Mrs. Anastasia Archdeckan, while her husband was absent in a foreign land, determined to afford him an agreeable surprise by presenting him, on his return, with a castle of her own erection. Having engaged workmen, she made an agreement with them that they should purchase food and clothing solely from herself. The thrifty lady then laid in a good store of these necessaries, charging the workmen a commission on the sales. When the edifice was com- pleted, on balancing her amount of Ireland. Rout 31 ■ }ueen8tovm— CJ< yne. 343 receipts an 1 expenditure, she found thai the latto • 1 the former by t p< nee."— Cody. Probably this is the first example on record of Crack practice on a Large scale, Tlir st< am< r now r< unds the point, htkI (iii. rs the magnificent harbour of' ' iwn, in former days known the 1 7eof Cork. " The harbour of Cork, pre-eminenl for it- capacity and safety, ituate 1 1 m. below the city : it is .'» m. long, 2 broad, mpletely landlocked^ and capable of shelt< ring the whole British navy. by a channel 2 m. I and 1 broad, d< fended by batteri on each . and by otm rs in I ini >///. The channel just between Rock's P int and M im's 1 1 both headlands ng l ■■ rded by a fort, on the form* r thai of . and on the latl r thi : of Canal, n. 10m. ' loU I: Queen's, an i \ . ll( nt i ishmi nt < xtends rable distance along the N. '• ast of the harbour, and, from the improvements that have within the last few y is liki i rank high amongst the : watering-placea To the W. iwn a splendid promenade is 1 by the quay erected in 1848 by Lord Middleton. The great charm of I : stown is t\\*- noble ry of the harbour, with its islands of Hawlbowline and Spik aial the constant su( i □ of that is provide d by the arrivals and d( partnrt s of the Am< ri- nd < ! [1 1 locality [mmi diat< ly opposite the - II. wll \ line Island, de] tailing stoi v [aland, «>n whic r mi] barracks; and Spike I I, wh I id tl 1ii< fly employed in 1 1 1 • - the entrance to the channel until I have been only nominally k< pi up, but are new being restored to their original defensive state A little to the N. of Ram's Head is the fishing village of Grot haven at the mouth of the < >w< nl i which runs inland in a considerable stream as far as Ca,rrigaline t pic- turesquely situated on high ground overlooking the river. The ancient fortress had the reputation during I whole of Elizabeth's reign of being impregnable. The eh. is -,\ fine Perp, building, with a pinnacled tower and an octagonal spire rising from it. It contains the monument and leaden effigy of Lady Newen- ham, who died 1754. In the neigh- bourhood of the village arc Kil- money Abbey M. Roberts, Esq.), and Mount Rivers (Capt. Roberts ; and between it and Crosshaven, on the X. bank, is Goolmore (Rev. E. II. Newenham , and on the S. Agha- marta Stan dish O'Grady, Esq. , and Hoddersfield. In the grounds of the former is the ruined castle of Aghamarta, a fortress of the Earls of Desmond, overlooking a reach - t the river in which Sir Francis Drake once took shelter when hard pr< ss< I by some Spanish \ On tla eastern promontory op] site to Queenstown are the v'l of W te and Agl ada, adjoin- ing which are Gareystown W. Hick- son, Esq. , Hadwill Lodgi R v. R. Austin , Aghada ^\^ ir J. Thackwell . Rostellan Castle i< - merly a seal of the Lords of Tho- mond), in the grounds of which La a cromlech within high-water k. To the 8 . n< ar R< Point, familiar to the read* rs oi ims from America, are Trabol^ i n L 'id F< rmoy . and Roche's Mount M 38 Roche). h:id:i [g the D( • -in whence to visit -.itli. d] vn of ( nt, which I with ( 'ork in it- bishop- ric. The cathedral, a& d as 1 i ch., is a plain cruciform build- 314 Bonte 37. — Cork to Bantry. Ireland. ing, dating from about the com- mencement of the 14th cent. In the interior are monuments to Bishops Warburton and Woodward, and one to the memory of a Miss Adams with an inscription from the pen of Mrs. Piozzi. In the ch. are remains of a stone house, which tradition says was built by St. Colman, the founder of the abbey, in the 7th cent. The most interesting building in Cloyne is the round tower adjoining the W. door of the cathedral. The entire height is 102 ft., though from this amount 10 ft. must be deducted for its modern castellated top, which was added after a considerable rent had been produced by lightning, and for the protection of the cathe- dral bell, which hung in the upper stage. The tower is remarkably cylindrical, and divided into 5 stages or floors. The door is about 13 ft. from the ground.] [From Aghada the steamers con- tinue their course up a wooded and picturesque creek of the river to Ballinacurra (lite. 28), from whence the tourist can walk or procure a car to Middleton 1 m., and return to Cork by rly.*]. The road from Cork to Macroom leaves the western portion of the town, keeping on 1. the college and gaol, and on rt. the Mardyke wall, Shanakiel House (F. R. Leahy, Esq.), the Lunatic Asylum, and Mount Desert (Nich. Dunscombe, Esq.\ on the high bank overlooking the Lee. 4 m., at the junction of the Blarney river, is the restored castle of Car- rigrohane, which, after serving as the feudal fortress of the McCarthius, and subsequently of the Barretts, was the head-quarters of Capt. Cope and daring band of brigands. From this point a road is given off to Ma- croom along the S. bank of the Lee, passing through Ballincollig. At Carrigrohane the river is * The line between Cork and Macroom has Just been opened. crossed just below the bend, where there is the deep pool of Poul-an- Iffrin, fabled to be guarded by a gigantic snake. On the opposite side of the Aunbeg or Blarney river are Rosanna (Capt. Webb), Kits- borough, and Leemont (S. Coppin- ger, Esq.) at the foot of a picturesque wooded hill. The road now keeps close to the river, having on the opposite bank the artillery barracks and the gun- powder mills of Ballincollig, to 7 m. 1. Inishcarra Ch., founded by S. Senan, situated at the confluence of the Bride, soon after which is the Glebe House, and 8J m. rt. Ardrum, the beautiful seat of Sir G. Colt- hurst, Bart. The scenery at Inishcarra, and from thence to Ardrum, is some of the most delightful that is to be found on the Lee. The square keep of Castle Inch is on the opposite bank ; and further on are the remains of the ch. of Inishleena, or Inishluinga, founded by the same holy man that built Inishcarra. The road now quits the Lee for a space, and runs up the valley of the Dripsey river to 13 m. the village of Dripsey. The antiquary will And in this locality an Ogham stone near St. Olave's Well. The tourist is now fairly in the district of Muskerry, whose moun- tains, giving birth to the Lee and many smaller southern streams, ap- pear to the W. Running parallel, but at some distance to the S. of the road hitherto traversed from Cork, are the Clara Hills, separating the valley of the Lee from that of the Bandon. In the neighbourhood of Inchigeelah, however, they gradually trend to the N., and unite with the main ranges of Muskerry. 15 m. Coachford village, and on 1. Riversdale, and Leemount House (T. H. Broderick, Esq.). The road then crosses the GlashagarilT stream, and passes rt. Oakgrove, to Carrigadrohid, where the Lee is spanned by a bridge. In the middle Ireland. "Route 37. — Macroom. 845 of tli" river ; - i r i fc crowned with the i uiii i f 0) rrigadrohid ( Sastle, and a most picturesque appearance it has, reminding the tourist of some the castles of the Rhine or Nfo- lle. "It- Bit is said to have en chosen by tin- lovely Una O'Oarroll, to gratify whose caprice her Lover Diarmid M'Carthy raised the castle in a marvellously brief time on the clii had chost where they both lived happily after their nuptials.' 1 Oarrigadrohid was fo I in 1650 by Lord Broghill, who had captured the Bishop of Boss at Macroom, and promised him a pardon on the condition of ! persuading tl rrison to give in. The bishop consented; but, on being brought before the walls, fervently exhorted them to hold out. for which patriotic act he was then and there hung. Indeed, it was only by strata- m that the English got hold of it all, viz. by drawing some heavy timber up, which the garrison took for cannon, and so surrendered. Tli. re is an entrance to the castle m the bridge which, by the way, - built by Cromwell's order : Rock of the Bridge. < >i the opposite si i of the stream are Killinandrish J. Hass< it, Esq. , ' tleville R. Nettles, Esq. . new winds to the S . and iff a great round, pas - ing through Glencaum, one of the romantic and striking - in At '22 ti, i;dl river called the La joins the Sullane, and near solitary tower I tie, hnilt by O m I - y, oth< rwise called VI - mi. route on the B. bank of tli' I 3 through Ballincoll -milla of which li- lie th< trill •■_'• and ti • r. A littl( 'i ; -' to th< 8 B Castle, Burrounded by a •' bawn." This wasafortf -.-ot' the Barretts, temp. Edward I IT. Pa ing Lisheen House R. Donovan, Esq.), and crossing the Brid< . is the village of Ovens, in the neighbour- hood of which are a numher of re- markable caves, but little known and seldom visited. [At Elm Park a detour of a mile should be made to the 1. to visit the abbey ruins of Kilcrea t wry prettily situated at the end of an avenue of trees on the banks of the Bride, towards which the Clara Hills gradually slope down. It is a Franciscan Friary of the 15th century, founded by Oormac McCarthy Laidin, Lord of Mus- kerry, and consists of nave, choir, and transepts, with a tower 80 high rising from the junction of the 2 former. Separated from the nave by 3 pointed inches is a side aisle, which was divided in the same manner from the transept. There is very little ornamental detail, the mullions of the windows having been destroyed, according to tradi- tion, by Cromwell and his soldiers. The interior contains the vault of tin- McCarthys of Muskerry ; also in the S. trans, the tomb of Herlihy, Bishop of Ross, one of the 3 Irish bishops who attend* d the Council •■!' Trent. A little to the W. of I abbey is the keep of Kilcrea ( lasl le, whore the McCarthys held their rule. The traces of the bawn and outworks are Btill visible.] The road now passes ETanan Lodge, Rye Couri C pt. Rye . near which are the keep of ( ' istlemore ( lastle, I ookstown, Kilcondry. and Lissar- dagh W. Baldwin, Esq. , and 1« ;<\ i Warren's Court Sir A. Wai i, n. Hit. to the L, striking on tie I ;i little below the confluence oi the Sullane. 21 in. ( Joolcour House W. Browne, 23 in. Mcu lf"f> l : Que< \ mi- i y situated in tl ■ v;ill< v of the Sullane, an affluent of the Lee, winch rises some J ( » m. to 346 Houte 37. — CorJc to Bantry. Ireland. the W. in the Derrynasaggart Moun- tains, ;i range that intervenes between this district and the Paps of Kil- larney. The town itself possesses no very great object of interest except the castle, a quadrangular keep, said to have been erected in the reign of King John. It has now been modernized, and is the resi- dence of the Hon. W. Hedges. It was the scene of several sieges in the 17th cent., when it was burnt down no less than 4 times. During one of these struggles it was garrisoned by the Bishop of Eoss, the same who was hanged by Lord Broghill before the walls of Carrigadrohid. Admiral Penn, the father of the Pennsyl- vanian hero, is said to have been born within Macroom Oastle. The E. 0. chapel, from its situation on an eminence to the S. of the town, is a conspicuous feature. Amongst the seats in the neighbourhood are Mount Hedges (Col. Hon. W. Hedges), Eockborough (H. Browne, Esq.), Ealeigh House (E. J. Leahy, Esq.), Ashgrove (T. Leader, Esq.), ancl Codrum (A. Orpen, Esq.), all in the valley of the Sullane, and near the road to Killarnev. Distances. — Killarney, by Ken- mare, 50 m. ; Cork, 23 ; Bantry, 34 ; Keimaneigh, 18 ; Inchageelah, 9 ; Gougane Barra, 19 ; Kenmare, 31 ; Carrigaphuca, 3. Excursions. — ■ 1. Inchageelah. 2. Carrigaphuca. 3. Dripsey. 4. Kilcrea. [The direct road from Macroom to Killarney follows up the valley of the Sullane, keeping the Boggeragh Mountains to the rt., and passing 3 m. near the confluence of the Finnow, the square keep of Carriga- phuca Castle, another of the many fortresses of the McCarthys. At 13 m. the village of Bally vourney, the road strikes right into the heart of the Derrynasaggart Mountains, about 1500 ft. in height, and then descends somewhat into the valley of the Flesk, which it crosses at Poulgorm Bridge. From this point the tourist keeps company with the Flesk, which, as seen in Ete. 31, leaves tlie hills through a gap be- tween the Paps and Croghan.] The remainder of the distance from Ma- croom to Bantry 34 m. is through some of the finest and wildest scenery in the S. of Ireland, and care should be taken that the car and horse be good, as there is little chance of a relay anywhere on the road, which leaves the valley of the Sullane, and rejoins the Lee at Toom Bridge, from whence a visit can be paid to the tower of Dundareirke Castle. The Lee has quite a different cha- racter here from what it has low^er down, as it flows for a considerable distance through a morass, the effect of which is to divert its stream and form a number of sedgy islets. A little before arriving at 32 m. the village of Inchageelah, is on 1. the tower of Carrynaeurra, or Castle Masters, rising upon a finely escarped cliff above the river. It belonged in the times of the "troubles of '41 " to the OXearys, a sept only second to the McCarthys, to whom, indeed, they were subject. Inchageelah {Inn : Brophy's ; a good locality for the angler) is situated near the E. end of Lough Allua, a winding enlarge- ment of the Lee, of about 3 m. in length, along the northern shore < f which the Bantry road keeps to the village of Bealnageary. At the W. end of Lough Allua is a mountain with the sad though poetic name of Coolnegreenane, "the mountain un- known to the sunbeam. *' To the S. ;;f Lough Allua are the Sheehy Hills, 1796 ft., which intervene between the valley of the Lee and the Bandon at Dun man way. ^ m. from Bealnageary, where the small and picturesque stream of the Bunsheelin flows in, the Lee is crossed by the 1st bridge on its course, and the mountains which Ireland. Route 37, — Cork to Bantry. 347 encircle the mystic lake of Gougane V> irra h gin to Bhow their pre- 'ii- and gully-riven sides. At 1 1 m. rt. a shori road Leads to the Lake from win nee the Loo lias it- Bonrce. Gougane Barra, "the rgling Head," is a small and p tarn, almost entirely sur- rounded by mural precipic ve I 1 E. side, * I r i narrow outlet permits the infant Lee to emerge. The cliffs on either Bide i directly from the banks of the lal deep shadows over its wato d adding preatly to the solemnity ;li which the locality is invested m its association with the holy St. Finbar, who built on the island an oratory still hold in great venera- tion. The origin of his retreat here follows : Patrick, after oishing the reptiles out of the m tr\\ overlooked one hideous ter, a winged dragon, which ited the adjacent country, and ] . w - conferred on a holy man, med Fineen Bar, to drown tlio in Gougane Lake, on con- i of erecting a ch. wftere its wal net the tide; and tho saint, In _ terminated the monster, fulfilled the agreement by foundi th< thedral of Cork." The _ 3 »n the island arc rude and msist of some cells, with a portion of the chapel •ratory, the former being aboul f 'i. lot g by 14 broad. On a cause- S of the Lake is a small v, held in great repute from companionship with the mains uf saint. Immediately above Gougane Barra the mountains rise up to a height of 1700 ^r L800 ft,, the principal summits being Conicar, L 886 ft., and Foilastookeen, on the s. : Nadan-viller, " the Ogle's NTi si on the W. ; from any one of which is a magnificent view of tin- Killarm y Mountains to the N., Bantry Bay 1 Glengarriff to the 8.W., with the Bterner features of the Pass of Kei- maneigh and the lake close at hand. Turning suddenly to the B., the road enters a magnificenl gap in the Bheehy Mountains, known the Pass of Keimaneigh, '-the Path of the Deer"— •• Where the Bevered rocks resemble fragments of a Frozen Bea, And the wild deer flee" — BPCaetHX — one of tlie finest and most savage of the ravines in the B. of Inland. It is about 1 m. in length, and is b rnnded on each side by precipitous walls of rock, in the rifts and crevices of which ferns, heaths, and wild flowers find a cong nial home. The London Pride is pi culiarly abundant and fine in this locality. At the head of the pass, b< tween I nicar rt. and Doughill L, is the watershed of the Btreams running N". the valley of the Lee, and thoe like the Owvane, which How to the Bantry Bay. Down this valley it is a rapid d« scent, during which many beautiful views of the hay open out. At Bal- lylickey, where the Owvane enters i, the Glengarriff road is joined, I from thence it is o\ m. to Bantry Index. ( 19 ) INDEX. ABBEYFEAU-:. lar», T^~ bey Knockmoy, ?T4. Morne, i'i. : ; t. Achill Head, 195. Sound, 19?. 3, :q8. le, Waterf., ^9. Aff.r • 54?- mart a C„ ?4?. :culture of Ireland, xxxvi. v rl»w, :- - Mines, ;;<). .carry, 9a Anaphr: -CUll, J Anp -\ man remain?, lii. n, 181. Am 41. Ar.. i8o. •■ BALDAHGAN. Ardraban, u-\. ArdsoUns, j 10. Arklow, ; Arkyne, C. 171. Armagh, history and situa- tion, 150; cathedral, anti- quities, 151; manufacture, 152. Armer's Hole. 4T. Annoy, it;. Arrigal Mount, P9. Artane, 19. Artramon C, 205. Ashford, 212. Ashlee, 191. Askeaton, 2^9. Asselyn, 157. Ass ey C, 1 j 6. Athassel, 27;. Athboy, 146. Atlieame C, 142. Atliclare, 30. Athenry, 128, j 14. Athgor, 220. Athlone, 124: '.124; barrackB, railwa; 125. to limerick, :\~. to Ro» 1 mm< n. 1 Athlumney C, i;0. Athy, 2*9. 202. . 2I3. Auburn, 1 26. Andley, <;.. 44. brim, 1 — I: . 114. B I BALLYLICKEY Baldoyle, 19. Balla, 1 Ballina, 161. Balllnacurra, 265. Ballinafad, 157. Ballinamallard, 62. Ballinasloe, n r \ Balllncolllg, ;^t. Ballinderry, 1 74. Balllndrait, 86. Ballinglen, 162. Ballinhaasig, ? jt. Bal Unrobe, 1 5. Ballinspittle, ??2. Ballintobber A., r86. Ballintogber, 158. Ballintoy, no. Rill intra, 77. Ballitore, 241. Ballybay, 55. Ballybeg, 144. Ballybofey, 80. Ballybogan, 1 ?r. B dlybrittas, 22?. Ballybrophy, 227. ybunion, ;o2. B 1 Lycane^ Ballycarbery, 726. Ballycarry, 117. Ballycastle, 1 1 C, 162, yconnell, 98. Ballycorus, 201. Ballycroy, 194. Ballycairke, Lake, 17?. [ydehob, ;?'>. Ballyduff, 2' Ballygalley Head, 1 1 -. Ball; n, 201. •ii. :;. I'. . inln, 1 14. Balrj 350 INDEX. BALLYLIFF1N. BURTON. CARTON. Ballyliffin, 69. Bel trim C, 65. Bushmills, 107. BaUyloughan C, 241. J Belturbet, 149. Butler's Bridge, 149. Ballymahon, 126. Ben-aghlan Mount, 60. Butler's C, 272. Ballymena, 102. Benbulben, 74. Butler's Lodge, 177. Bally moe, 160. Benburb C, 64. Butte vant, 237. Ballymoney, 102. Bengorm Mount, 190. Ballymoon C., 24?. Benlevy Mount, 184. c. Ballymore Eustace, 221. Benlettery Mount, 178. Ballyinote, 158. Bennett's Bridge, 248. Cabinteely, 200. Ballymurry, 159. Benyevenagh, 101. Caherconlish, 272. Bullymnrtagh, 214. Beragh, 63. Caherdaniel, 329. Ballynacarrig C, 333- Betaghstown, 25. Cahir, 273. Bally nahatna, 31. Bilboa, 242. Cahirbarnagh, 279. Ballynahinch, 46, 179. Binghamstown, 163. Cahirciveen, 326. Ballynakill, 188. Birchfield, 312. Caledon, 150. Ballynatray, 266. Birr, 252. Callan, 247. Ballyneen, 333. Bishop's L, 301. Camaross Hill, 254. Ballyportry C, Jl>. Blackrock C, 342. Camolin, 203. Ballysadare, 158. Blackwater R., 64, 143, 185, Cannistown, 136. Ballyshannon, 76. 238, 266, 330. Cappanalaura, 177. Bally trent, 207. Black water town, 64. Cappoquin, 267. Ballyvourney, 346. Blanchardstown, 119. Carberry, 129. Bally voy, 114. Blarney, 238. Carhan, 326. Ballywillan, 147. Blasket I., 304. Carlingford, 39; castle and Bally william, 255. Bloody Bridge, 41. oysters. 39. Balrothery, 24. Bog of Allen, 225. Mount, 40. Baltimore, j?6- Boher, 272. Carlo w, 241. Banagher, 100, 320. Bonamargy A., III. Carncastle, 115. Banbridge, 35. Bonet R., 61, 73. Cam Cochy, 35. Bandon, 33 j. Borris, 243. Carndonagh, 69. Banecioon, 324. B. in Ossory, 251. Carndoo, 116. Bangor, 54. Borrisoleigh, 228. Carney, 74. Bann R., 3?, 102, 203. Bovevagh, 100. Carngaver H., 52. Bannow, 260. Boyle, 156. Carnlough, 115. Bansha, 273. Boyne R., 130. Carnowry Gap, ior. Banteer, 278. battle of, 141. Carra Bridge, 325. Ban try, 337. Brandon Hill, 250, 256. Carrabeg, 525. Bargy, 207. Mount, 30 j. Carrantuohill, 291. Barna, 170. Bray, 209. Carrick, 83. Barnageera, 24. Brey Head, 327. Hill, 130. Barnesmore Gap, 79. Brinny, 332. Carrickabraby C, 69. Baronstown, 137. Brittas C, 228. Carrickarede, no. Barrow R., 224, 242, 250. Britway, 268. Carrickbroad river, 32. Bautregarm Mount, 303. Broadstone, 102. Carrickburn, 254. Beagh, 296. Brookeborough, 57. Carrickfergus, 117. Bealderrig, 162. Bromsford, 250. Carrickhugh, 99. Bealnabrack R., 190. Brosna, 252. Carrickmacross, 55. Bealnageary, 346. Brown's Bay, 116. Carrickmines, 200. Bear I., j?9- Bruce's Cast., 112. Carrickmore, 63. Bearhaven coppermines, 339. Bruckless, 82. Carrick-on-Shannon, 155. Beaufort Br., 284. Rruff, 236. Carrick-on-Suir, 276. Beauparc, 143. 1 Brugh-na-boinne, 138. Carrig-a-drohid C, 345. Bective, 134. Bruree, 297. Carrig-a-gunnel C, 300. Beeclimount, 332. Bryansford, 42. Carrigaline, 343. Belcoo, 61. Bullock's C, 207. Carriganoss, 337. Belfast, 47; trade, harbour, Bunahurra, 195. Carrigans, 65. bridges, buildings, 48 ; Buncrana, 69. Carrig-a-phuca C, 346. churches, flax-mills, steam- Bundoran, 75. Carrigboy, 337. ers, 49. Bunduff Bridge, 75. Carrighooley, 194. to Donaghadee, 47. Bunlin Br., 95. Carrigmahon, 342. Bellarena, 101. Bunnabeola, 178. Carrig-na-Nahin, 236. Belleek, 59. Bunratty, 310. Carrigrohane C, 344. Belmullet, 163. Burial I., 53. Carrigtuohill, 265. Beltany, 86. Burrishoole, 194. Carrowkeel, 70. Bel toy, 116. Burton Fori, 91.* Carton, 122.. INDEX, 351 OASHl T. Ca>hel, histen : catho- dal. 2 ;i : I 1 . y \: y, :;:; Prior} . hla r... i ir, 198. Caa : ;3. >tlebellinghani, ;o. itl Bei oard, j j >\ Ueblayuey, 55. itlebridg : - Caulfield, 6;. r, 242. Dell, J 24. . >". jtle I lawson, roj. 65. 141. e Dillon, 1 ( 3 in, ;j4. lefiiin, 8o. h II ward, 11 j. Castle Inch, J44. 1 stle Island, 295. itleknock, 1 1 itlemalne, j:;. it-martyr, 267. A I -;le Oliver Mountains, 2;6. 1 Pollard, 15 1. 50, 160. 1 .rbaven, j J9. 1 - d H., j 1, 120. 1 s tie town, 1:4. . 169. in, 42. 69. I 1 [ill, 49. ■ . 1 1 6. -- . I 1 : 24. CI: nt, 64. . Irish, li. Church Hill, C ' 4- 99. -'4- I COPPINGER 8. Clare A., JIT, C. III. Claregalway, i8t. Clare Island, 192, 197. ishmore, 267. -ylaun, 75. Claven's Bi idge, 14^. I .. : ;6. 1 IV. 192. CUifden, 187. bo Sligo, 187. Cliffony, 75. Clobemon, 20 j. Clogh-a-Stucan, 114. heen, 271. ier, 6a. Clogher Head, p. ireen, 289. .hronan, 242. oakilty, jj4- oard, 1 fi. a, 56. Cloncoskoran, 261. Cloncurry, 122. ndalkin, 17. 220. nfert, j 20. ngowes, 2: r. nmachnois, ;n; seven churches, J17 ; round towers, 318; crosses, in- scribed stones, castle, geo- logy, ?I9- Clonmel, 275. Clonrnines, 260. Clonsilla, 119. Clontarf, 17. Clough, 4J. Clonghmore, 40. Cloyne, 14?. go B., 174. achford, 344. lirooke, 57. raine. 101. B Cast, 1 06. Colin Glen, 50. 162. C illooney, 158. Comi : Mountains, 261. .-. 182; arena re- , cavern-, if I ; canal, 184. Oonfey C, 120. a 1, 268. QOT Ml!' town, 103. 1 I . :.:■•■• I I . I - DEERANE. Oorcomroe Abbey, ;i4 Tores Cascade, 291. Cork, H9 5 history, situation, description, cathedrals, 1 buildings, trade, excursi< 34i- to Kenmare, ] ;r. — — to Bantry, J39. Oorrigan Head, 8j. Corrotin, jij. Cottage [sL, 7J- Courtmacsberry, 124, Courtown H., 202. Cove, 329- Craigmore, 33. Cratloe, 310. Creeslough, 97. Crcgg, 312. C, i8r. Cregganroe, 194. Crevelea, 7 \. Croagh Patrick, 192. Croghan, III, 160, 196. Croghan Kinshela, 2 14. Crom Castle, 56. Cromlechs, xlvi. Cromwell's Bridge, ;;8. Crookhaven, J37. Croom, 297. Crossbarry, jji. Crossdoney, 148. Crosses, lii. Crossgar, 46. Crosshaven, 34?. Crossbill, in. Crossmaglen, 53. Crossmolina, 199. Crown Bridge, H- Croy Lodge, 194. Crumlin, 16, -heen, JIJ. Cuilcagh, 60. Culdaff, 70. Culloville, ; Culmore, 99. Lra, 54. Cummeenduff, 282, 265. Curlew Hills, 15% Curragh, 2 Curraghmoi Curraun, 11 5, 1 Coshendall, 1 14. Cushenduu, 114. Dalkey T.. : Dangan < '.. 1 ?+ U Dartrey, Dee] H 1 jO. - 352 INDEX. DELGANV. Delgany, 201, 212. Delphi, 191. Deputy's Pass, 202. Deraddia, 179. Derricunihy cascade, 291. Deny, 65. Derrybawn, 215. Derrycarne, 155. Derryclare, 178. Derrycorrib, 163. Derryloran, 104. Derrynasaggart Mountains, 279. 34»- Derrynane, 329. Derryveagb, 88. Devenisb I., 58. Devil's Bit, 227. Devil's Glen,' 213. Dbuega, 197. Diamond Hill, 189. Dingle, 304. Bay, 32?. • Promontory, 303. Dinish I., 287. Doagb, 95. Dodder R., 200. Doe C, 97. Donabate, 23. Donaghadee, 54. Donagbmore, 63, 80, 137. Donagbpatrick, 144. Donegal, 78; castle and abbey, Doneraile, 237. Donnybrook, 16. Donore, 132, 140. Doocbarry Br., 91. Dooega, 196. Doogurth, 196. Doobulla, 180. Doolin, 312. Doon, 188, 302. Point, 112. Douce Mount, 211. Down Hill, 101. Do vvnpa trick, 45. Rath of, 46. Dowtb, 140. Drimnagh C, 16. Drimoleague, 334. Dripsey, 344. Drisbane C, 279. Drogheda, town and, harbour, 25 ; commerce, walls and gates, abbeys, 26; history, excursions, 27. to Cavan, 142. Dromahaire, 73. Dromana, 267. Dromanoen, 278. Dromiskin, jo. Dromkeen, 272. Dromore, 37, 62, 199, 330. Drowes river, 75. Druib Mor, 37. DUNGLOW. Drumbanagher, 34. Drumbo, 50. Drumcliff, 74. Drumlish, 155. Drumman Bridge, 87. Drumnasole, 114. Drummail, 114. Drumod, 155. Drumsisk, 40. Drumsna, 155. Dubh Cahir, 171. Cathair, 172. Dublin: situation, 3; ho- tels, street conveyances, 4 ; bridges, 4, 5; quays, 5; docks, canals, railway sta- tions, Bank of Ireland, 6; Post-office, Custom-house, Exchange, 7; Four Courts, Castle, 8; Trinity College, 9; Library and Museum, 10 ; Roman Catholic Uni- versity, statues, ib; Royal Dublin Society, Royal Irish Academy, Museum of Irish Industry, Irish National Gallery, St. Patrick's Li- brary, Christ Church Ca- thedral, ir ; St. Patrick's Cathedral, 1 2 ; churches, R. C. chapels, 14; Phoenix Park, 14; Zoological Gar- dens, Rotunda, other Insti- tutions, 15; suburbs, 16; conveyances, history, 18. — to Arklow, 207. — to Carlow, 239. - — to Cork, 219. - to Dundalk, 19. to Wexford, 199. Duff river, 75. Duleek, 142. Duna, 19 $. Dunally, 69. Dunamon, 16 3. Dunamase, 226. Dunass Head, 69. Dunbrody, 256. u Duncannon, 259. Duncarbry, 75. Dun Connor, 173. Duncrue, 118. Dundalk, 30. to Belfast, 30. to Galw T ay, 119. to Sligo, 54. Dundarave, 107. Dundareirke C, 346. Dundonald, 51. Dundrum, 43, 200, 233. Dunl'anaghy, 97. Dungannon, 63. Dungarvan, 261. Dungiven, 100. Dunglow, 91. FARRENMACWILLIAM. Dunkineely, 82. Dunkitt, 250, 277. Dunleer, 30. Dunlewy, 89. Dunloe, 284. Dunloy, 102. Dunluce, 107. Dunmanway, 334. Dunmoe, 137. Dunmore, 143, 247, 260, 316. Dunmurry, 38. Dun-na-gedh, 140. Dun-JEngus, 172. Dun-Onaght,.i72. Dunran Glen, 212. Dunree Head, 69. Dunseverick, no. Dunsink Observatory, 1 7. Dusoin Glen, 265. Dysart, 297. Dysert, 313.J E. Eagle's Nest, 286. Easky R., 199. Eden, 117. Edenderry, 129. to Drogheda, 129. Edgeworthstown, 154. Eglinton, 99. Elphm, 316. Ely Lodge, 59. Emania, 151. Emly, 234- Emo, 224. Enfield, 122. Ennis, 311. Enniscorthy, 204. Enniskeen, 333. Enniskerry, 2ir. Enniskillen, 57. to Derby, 61. to Killybegs, 80. Ennistymon, 312. Erne R., 57, 76. Errew, 199. Erris, 162. Errislannin, 189. Errive R., 19 r. Esk Valley, 79. Eyrecourt, 254. F. Fahan, 304. Fairhead, ill, 113. Fairy Water Bridge, 64. Falcarragh, 98. Fanet Head, 95. Farranfore, 295. Farrenmacwilliam, 325. 1X1 MO. dstown, i^ ;. igbart, ;i. .; .. ::. r, 1 >3. Fergus E : r. i, 269. 1 • - >ugh, 14") Tybank, 25 1 bard, 27 •!. 277. Finn I: . 5 — - Valley, 80. • f- Fintona, 02. town, 8o. gh, 8j. Firinnunr, 154. • Mile I own, ' lit i vat: \xxiv. - rence Court, 60. Hi's, I" Fortli barony and mountains, 2c6. 2^4. irt, 94. :ford, 161. K., 65. 296, : ;, 316. 251. Furbu, 1 G. Galball vay, I . ba suburb to to \V< sip rt, 1 Ga ,1. - -»• 1 . T 14. Gazabo Hi I, :-v 1 Ring, 51. GREENCAS7 I Glanleam, ;:-. G Ian worth, v\ Glanmire, 242. Glasnevin, 17. Glassan, 1 26. Glasslough, 149. Glen of i lie Downs, 212. Glena, 2 - Glen-a-Cappul, 29 naghaun, 17 ;. Qlenalla Mountains, 83. nariff, 1 14. Glenann, 11 ^. Glenbay, 125. Glencaum, 345. Glencar, 74. Glencastle, i6j. ucolomb, 84. odalough, domain of, 177. vale of, 21?. city, its founder, 21^; cathedral, church of Our I. idy. Round Tower. S . Kevin's Oil, 216; Trinity church, the monastery, church of Reefert, 217. Glendasan, 215. Glendowan, 38. Glendruid, 200. Glendun K., 114. Glenealy, 202. Glenfarn, 61. Glengard Head, 69. Glentrariff, 338. - isk, 9 j. a Lough, 96. Glenmore, 257. Glenoe, 1 16. oshesk K., 111. >-■ Glin C, 299. i Irish words, lxix. Glyde R., jo. Glynn, 116. bii a, 1 1 Gol , 1 1 r, 11 ;. 8, 214. It.. 2.4. 1 1,13. vn, 25. '» JI 1. ; 4- ■• H:ll. : ■ : LNISHBOFIN. Greenore, 40. < in n. in ('., 24^. Grey a>bbey, =52. 2 m. < Ireystones, 201. Grianan, 68. Groomsport, 54. Guns 1., 44. Gurteen, 276. Gweebarra K., 91 . Gweedore, 89. H. Hag' a Castle, 17?. Glen, 292. Handcross, j 1 2. Hare I.. 1 26. Haw [bowline I , 54;. Hazelhatch, 220. Hazelwood, 72. Headfbrd, 181. C, 181. Headfort, 146, 279. Hearn< Bbrook, 2>"4. Hen's 1 stle, 184. High I., i38. Hill, Lord George, his im- provements at Gweedore, 89. Hill of Down, 122. Hillsborough, 37. Hilltown, 41. Hollybrook, 212. Hollymount, 186. Hollywood, 51. Holy cross, 228. Holyhead to Kiogstown and Dublin, 2. c PL, 259. Hospital, 274. Hor» 'a I >>. ovi ry, 184. Howth, 19 ; II u bour, stle, 2c Hill, 21. Hy Brisail, 197, I. I.ir Oonnaught, 170, 175. Illanmore, L, lit. Irookllly < ' , 2< Incii < .'., 4''. In : . - -join, j- In< I, Inchtnoi [nchiqnln, 1 Industrial lai v. I bofin, 1 354 INDEX. INTSIICARRA. KILSIIEELA. LTNFIELD. Inishcarra, 344. Kilkea, 240. Kilteel, 220, Inisheer, 1-53. Kilkee, 301. Kilternan, 200. Inishfallen, 288. Kilkeel, 41. Kiltinan, 276. Inishgloria, 197. Kilkelly, 160. Kiltormer, 254. lnishkeel, 92. Kilkenny, history, castle, ca- Kilturk, 201. Inishleena, 344. thedral, 244; monastery, Kil worth, 270. lnishmaan, 173, 186. 245; abbey, churches, col- Kingstown, 2. Inishinacsaint, 76. leges, 246. Kinlough, 76. Inishmurray, 75. to Athenry, 251. Kinnafad, 130. Inishowen, 68. Killadysert, 296. Kinneith, 333. lnishtrahull, 69. Killakee, 215. Kinsale, 331. lniskeen, 55, 197. Killala, 162. , Head of, 332. Inniscalthra, 322. Killaloe, 323. Kinsalebeg, 263. Innistiogue, 250. Killamery, 276. Kippure Mountain, 211. Inver, 82. Killan, 129. Kircubbin, 53. Ireland's Eye, 21. Killarney, hotels, 279; beg- Kish Light, 2. Isl. Magee, 117. gars, guides, 280; the Lake, Knights town, 326. 281; lake islands, 282; ex- Knock, 51, 174. cursions, 28J-292; geology Knockalla Mountains, 95. J. of the district, 293 ; botany, Knockcroghery, 159. 294; fishing, legends, 295. Kuockfearina, 299. Jamestown, 155. to Kenmare, 324. Knocklayd, in. Jenkinstown, 247. Killary, 190. Knocklong, 234. Jerpoint, 249. Killasnet, 75. Knockmahon mines, 261. Johnstown, 206, 251. Killawillin, 270. Knocknaa, 315, 316. Jonesborough, 32. Killeagh, 265. Knocknarea, Glen of, 72. Killeany, 171. Knocknucean, 25. Killeary, 32. Knoctopher, 250. K- Killeen, 181. Knowth, 140. Killenagh, 203. Kyle Cross Roads, 205. Kantr.rk, 278. Kilieshin, 242. Kylemore, 189. Keady, 152. Killester, 19. Keel, 196. Killimor, 254. Keem, 196. Killiney, 208. L- Keeper Mountain, 323. Kill* man, 272. Keimaneigh, 347. Killone, 311. Labbalow, 324. Kells, 144, 247, 326. Killough, 43. Ladies' I., 207. Kempe Stones, 51. Killoughter, 201. Lagan R., 30, 48. Kenbane, in. Killorglin, 324. Laghtgeorge, 181. Ken mare, 330. Killucan, 122. Laghy, 78. Kesh, 81. Killuspugbrone, 72. Lakes of Killarney, 281. Kesh Corrin, 157. Killybegs, 82. Lambay L, 2?. Kilbarrock, 19. Killydonnell, 94. Landestown C., 23. Kilbarron C., 77. Killygordon, 80. Laracor, 134. Kilberry, 240. Killyleagh, 47. Laragh, 124, 218. Kilbride, 175. Killyon, 132. Lame, 115. Kilbroney, 41. Kilmacduagh, 3x3. Laurencetown, 3$. Kilcar, 83. Kilmacow, 250. Lay ton, 25. Kilcarn, 136. Kilmacrenan, 87. Laune R., 284, 324. Kilcliel C, 44. Kilmacthomas, 26 r. Lea C, 226. Kilcock, 122. Kilmaine, 185. Leacht Con, 73. Kilooleman, 325. Kilmalkedar, 305. Leap, 335. Kilcolgan, 314. Kilmallock, 234. Lee R., 344. Kilcolman, 238. Kilmaloda, 334. Leenane, 190. Kilcommodon, 127. Kilmore, 148. Legmonshena, 61. Kilconnell, 127. Kilmurry, 212. Lehinch, 312. Kilcoole, 2or. Kilmurvey, 172. Leighlin Br., 243. Kilcrea, 345. Kilnaleck, 147. Leinster Br., 131. Kilcullen, 222. Kilnasaggart, 32. Leixlip, 120. Kilcummin, 162. Kilree, 248. Letterfrack, 189. Kildare, 223. Kilronan, 171. Letterkenny, 86. Kildaunat, 197. Kilroot, 117. Lettermore I., 170. Kilfenora, 312. Kilruddery, 209. Liffey R., 4, 120, 221, 222. Kilfinane, 236. Kilrush, 300. Lifford, 85. Kilgobbin, 200. Kilsheela, 276. Linfield, 272. INDEX. 355 LIMERICK. •rick, history, *o6; situa- tion, bridges, castle, _ gibbon, 87. Turd, i"- Ainu. ;- . A I tan, 89, 98. Anure, 91. Arrow, 1 ;-. Beg, loj. Bode — ■ Bray, ; brickla: Cam < — Cooter, ; 1 CoDen, 1 Curr.tun, $27, Dan, 219. Deal, I lerevaragh, i;;. Derp, 81, \v\ x \i\. Doo, 11 :. 191, : ')-• I y, 89. ■ } ■ — — Feoogh, ' Fern, 87. LID EN. Lough Finn, 80. Forbes, 1 55. Foyle, 99 tiara. 1 57. Qartan, 87. Gill, 72. Glen, 89, 96, K4. Glenad . - Gowna, 148. Gultane, | Gfl Ilyne. IJ6. Inagh, 178. Key, is^- Kilglass, iff. Kiltooris, 9:. Lasarae, 115. Looscaunagh, 291. Macneah, 60. Mask, 185, Cast., 1 Melvln, 1 more C, 228. Mourae, 79, 1 16. Muckna, 5 >• Nafooey, 191. Nambrackderg, j^8. iNeagh, 105. Owel, 152. Ramor, 147. Rea, 126,254, 317. rea, 254. ry, 104. Salt, 96. Sheelin, 148. Shinny, 24. Strangford, si. Swilly, 69, 86. Y .8. LouisDUrgh, 194. Louth, Lowtherstown Road, '>:. n, 1 19. duff, 21 ;. iw, 219. 1 J. JO. I In. ?4- Lyons C, 223. iillienn Mountain, 101. room, ?4^. '. ioj. M i_'r r I. I MOUNT, Maigne EL, 296. Main R., 102. Malahtde, 22; eastle, :: •. bey, 2?. Malin, 69; I Toad, 69. Maltnmore, H4. Mallow, 2?8, 269. to Killarn- y. 277. Mamtork Mountains, 1 77- Mangerton, 290. Manister, 297. .Manor Cunningham, B6. Hamilton, 61. Marble Arch, 61 , Markree, 1 j Maryborough, 1 MashanaglastJ ( '.. 145. Mathew Tower, ;42. Manme, 185. Maygl iss, 207. Maynooth, 121. Mayo Plains. 198. Mealagfa Falls, ;;7. Meelick, J20. Meign, j ?. Mellifont, 27. Menloogb, 17?. Middleton, 265. Milford, 8- 1;. Military road, 215. Millstreet, 279. Milltown C, jo, ? 25. Malbay, jn. Minerals of Inland, xxxviii. Minna, 170. Minnaun, roj6« Mitchelstown, 27 . caves, 271. Moat of Axdscull, 240. Moate, 124. M« geely, 265. MohiU, 155 Moher Cliffs, ;i 2. Moira, >6. M sta Sound, 162. Molana Abbey, 1' Molrenny, 194. tghan, 149. Monasterbi Moo n, 224. Monasteroi Monavullagb Mount, 1 M01 jo. Moneymor ilvea, 514. wn, ;, ;42. 14a. • 4- Montgevlln 356 INDEX. . MOUNT. PORT ACTA) Y. RINDOWX. Mount Leinster, 204. Newtownards, 52. Portadown, 36. Mount Melleray, 267. Newtownbarry, 203. Portaferry, 53. Mountmellick, 225. Newtownbellew, 315. Portarlington, 224. Mountnorris, 54. Newtownbreda, 50. Porthcoon, 108. Mount Nugent, 148. Newtownbutler, 56. Portlaw, 277. Mountrath, 227. Newtowncuningham, 93. Portmagee, 327. Mount Pleasant, 32. Newtown Forbes, 154. Portmarnock, 22. Mount Shannon, 522. Newtowngore, 73. Portnaspania, 1 10. Mount Stewart, 51. Newtownlimavaddy, 99. Portnoffer, 109. Mourne R-, 65. Newtownmountkenned} r , 212. Portora, 58. Moville, 70. Newtownstewart, 64. Portraine, 23. Moy, 64, 160. Nier R., 262, Portrush, 106. Moycullen, 175. Nine-mile-house, 276. Portstewart, 106. Moyne C, 182. Ninestones, 204. Portumna, 320. A., 161. Nore R., 247. Poul-an-iffrin, 344. Moyiy, 32. Nun's Cross, 213. Powerscourt, 211. Moy valley, 122. Poyntz Pass, 3$. Muckross A., 289. Pullins, 77. Muff, 70, 99. 0. Puncheston, 221. Muilrea, 190. Mule's Leap, 13 r. Ogbill Fort, 172. Mulgrave Barrack, 291. Oldbridge, 141. Q. Mullaghmast, 240. Old Con naught, 210. Mullaghmore, 75. Olderfleet C, 116. Queenstown, 343. Mullet, 163. Old Leighlin, 243. Quin, 310. Mullinavat, 250. Omagh, 62. Mullingar, 12?. Omeath, 38. to Portadown, 147. Oola, 272. R. to Sligo, 152. Oranmore, 128, 314. Mulroy, 95. Oratories, xlix. Raghly, 74. Multifarnham, 152. Oughterarde, 176, 220. Raheny, 19. Mungret, 296. Ovens, 345. Rahin, 226. Murlough B., 113. Owencarrow R., 88. Rakenny, 56. Murrisk, 193. Owenduff R., 189. Ram I., 105. Mu-kerrv, 344- Owenea R., 92. Ramsfort, 202. Mutton Isl., 168. Owengarriff R., 291. Randalstown, 102. Mylerstown C, 129. Owentocker R., 93. Raphoe, 86. Myrath, 98. Owvane R., 337. Ratass, 303. Rathaldron, 144; Rathcoole, 2 20. N. P. Rathcormack, 2^8. Rathdowney, 251. Naas, 22T. Pallas, 272. Rathdrum, 213. Nagles Mount, 269. Pallaskenry, 296. Rathfarnham, 16, 2co. Naran, 92. Palmerstovvn, 16. Rathfran, 162. Mar row- water C, 38. Paps, 279. Rathkeale, 298. Navan, 143. Parsonstown, 252. Rathlin I., 112. Nenagh, 323. Partry, 186. Rathmacknee, 206. Nephin, 19?, 198. Passage, 259. Rathmelton, 93. Nevinstown, T44. Passage West, 342. Rathmichael, 201. Newbliss, 56. Patrick's Well, 296. Rathmines, 16, 2c 0. Newbridge, 120, 214, 222. Pettigoe, 81. Rathmore, 146. Newcastle, 41, 220, 299. Phillipstown, 226. Rathmullan, 94. Newgrange, 139. Phoul-a-phooca, 221. Rathowen, 154. New Jnn, 147. Physical geography of Ire- Rattoo, 302. Newmarket, 278. land, ix. Ravensdale, 3 2. Newmarket Fergus, 310. Pigeon-holes, 74. Recess, 177. Newport, 194. Pilltown, 263, 277. Red Bay, 114. New Ross, 254. Places of interest, lviii. Red Hills, 224. Newrath Bridge, 212. Platten H„ 143. Red Lion, 61. Newry, 3?. Pleaskin, no. Reeks, 29?. to Belfast, 3?.. Pocket, 330. Rheban C., 240. Newry Canal, 34. Pomeroy, 63. Rhincrew, 266. Newton Pery, 307. Pontoon, 198. Richhill, 152. Newton Trim, 133. Portacloy, 163. Rindown C, 159. INDEX. 357 II I NV, MOV LAN. Bingmoylan, 296. 1 K.. 155. vy\<\ 190. (own, 142. iring Water, ; ;6. Point, 34;. jr, j 5 1 fttingham, 156. - ..; Doon, ky Hills, : i R., 99. na, 96. hereon, 2". l: -common, 159. ;i. 1: ; A.. 161. ., 289. A.. 181. II. . !- . |OI. 1. A . 1*6. I! - 5,00. 1 - v K., 194. strevor, 4^. 1. [80. Round Towers, origin and . 1. ■.ml Towera — A- . ." -J. Antrim, 104. 1 Aranmore, 171. Ardmore, 265. Clondalkin, 220. Clonmachnois, 318. 1 lyg rt, 297. • . odalough, 216. K Us, 145. K ilda K 148. B nh ! ;. 24 M B nun, 322. : . ,-2. I . 122. Tull herin, 248. Turl ,8. [6. 4- I r, 1 21. s. Sai: BLIEVE. St. Edmonsbory, 120. St. Fintan's Church, 21. St. John's, 4? St John's Point, 82. st. Johnstown, 65. 3t !v ■ In'a Bed, 218. St. Kieran'a Well, 146. St. Macdara's Church, 180. - Mullins, :"". St. Valery, 1 St. Wulstan's, 120. Sallagh Braes, 115. Sail ins, 220. Sally Gap, 219. 1 k, 19a Sal toes, 207. Salthill, 3, 169. Salthole, 117. S '. 46. Scalp, 219. Scariff, 522. ■•a. J". - ittery 1., joo. - irloughstown, 1-4. Sean Caislean, 17 j. S r Kvran, 25 J. Sele EL, 147. D Churches, 215, 317. en Hogs, 303. Shanagolden, 300. Shane's C, 102. Shanid C, 300. Shankhill, 200. Shannon R., 1 24, 155, 296, 307, 517, ?2i ; source, 61. Bridge, j 19. View, 254. Sheeby Mountains, 346. I., no. Bheephaven, 96. ffry, 191. L -kes, 335- . 215. Shillelagh, 214. Shimna EL, 42* Shinnagh, 279. Shinrone, 252. Shrnle, 185. tine Mountains, 323. Mills, f >-. Six Mile Bridge, 310. Six ."■ f >3- Mile Water, 105. ore, lxiv. k, 328. Skerries, 24. . 33S- Skreen, 199 Hill, 1 Skull, 1 Ige, 11- 1 BAMPTJLL. Slteve Baughta, 121. Slieve Bernagb, *2j. SUeve Bio »m, 2 Slieve Callane, in. Slieve Croob, 47. slieve Daeane, 73. Slieve 1 tonard, 42. Sllevefelim, 27:. SUeveguaven, 4?. SUeve Gullion, ?2. Slieve League, 83. Slievemore, 196. Slieve-na-griddle, 4^. Slieve-na-man, 1.70. siirve Russell, 60. Slieve Snaght, 69, 91. Sligo, 70; abbey, 71. to Strabane, 70. Slish Mountain, 73. ;e Head, 188. Smerwick, J04. Smithborough, 149. ni, 129. Sperrin Mountains, 100. Idle, 170. Spike I., 14?. Spire Hill, 225. k Mountains, 302. Staiguc Fort, 329. Stags, 163. Stillorgan, 200. Strabane, 65. to Killybegs, 85. Stradbally, 227. Stradone, 147. Lffan, 220. incaUy, 267. Strangford, 44. Stranorlar, 80. imstown, 1 24. own, 155. iel 4 r >. k 11., 160. Sulr EL, 274. Sullivan's Case., 288. Summerhill, 102. Sunville, ijo. Sutton, 19. anlinbar, 60. Ineford, 160. Swords, 23. Sydenham, 5:. T. I 6, T22. mon, 254. i . 168. ! 1 Hill, 1 I >■ J7« umpull I .171. 6 ;>58 INDEX. TEAMPULL. VALLEY. YOUGHAL. Teampull Brecain, 172. Travelling view, xl. Vartry, 212, 218. Teampull Chiarain, 172. Tray, 151. Ventry, 304. Teampull Deiscart, 263. Trew, 64. Victoria Bridge, 65. Teampull Mic Duach, 172. Trillick, 62. Villierstown, 267. Teampull Pholll, 172. Trim, 132. Vinegar Hill, 204. Teelin R., 83. Trimlestown, 132. Virginia, 147. Teltou, 144. Trostran Mount, 114. Templecarne, 81. TrubleyC, 134. Templecoran, 117. Trumery, 36. w. Templecrone, 91. Tuam, 315; cathedral, 315; Templefaughtna, 33$. cross, 316. Waringstown, 36. Templegeal, 305. Tulla, 322. Warrenpoint, 38. Temple Lodge, 158. Tullaghan, 75. Waterfall, 331. Temple Michael, 266. Tullamore, 225. Waterfoot. 14. Templemore, 228. Tullaroan, 247. Water ford, history and situa- Templenakilla, 328. Tulloherin, 248. tion, 257; harbour, trade, Templepatrick, 175. Tully C, 59- remains, cathedral, 258 ; Termonfeckin, 29. Church, 200. neighbourhood, convey- Termon M'Grath C, 81. Tumuli, xlvi. ances, 259. Thomastown, 248. Turlough, 198. Waterville, 327. Three Rocks, 200. Tuskar R., 207. Westport, 191, Three Sisters, 304. Twelve Pins, 178. Wexford, 205. Thurles, 228. Tynan, 150. to Cork, 254. Ticroghan, 13 1, Tyrawley, 162. White Abbey, 106. Tiniahoe, 227. Tyrone coalfield, 63. Head, 1 1 1. Timoleague, 334. Tyrone H., 314. River, 30. Tinarana, 323. Rocks, 107. Timiahely, 214. Whitegate, 343. Tinnahinch, 210. V. Wicklow, 201. Tintern A., 260. tour through, 207. Tipperary, 272. Upton C, 105. Wooden Bridge, 2 14. Tirraleen, 173. Urlingford, 251. Woodford, 321. Toberscanavan, 158. TJrris Hills, 69. Woodlands, 119. Tolka R., 19. Urrisbeg, 180. Woodlawn, 127. Tollymore, 42. Use Mountains, 278. Woodstock, 250. Toome, 103. Toombeola A., 180. Tore waterfall, 291. V. Y. Tormore, 85. Tory [., 98. Vale of Avoca, 213. Yellow river, 130. Tralee, 303. Valentia, 326. Youghai, 264. Tramore, 260. Valley of Diamonds, 210. to Cahir, 266. THE END. LONDON : PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, ST/ MFOED STREET, AND CHARING CROSS. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. : 1808. The best Advertising Medium for all who are desirous of attracting the attention of English and American Tourists in all parts of the world. Annual Circulation, 15,000. i malts mutt ue rtoeived by the 20th April, and are inserted at the rate of £5 for a page and 50s. lor hall' a page. 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Ohubbs Looksand Safes . C intinental E tKu r os s Agency Couriers and .Servants . . Foreign Books .... Heals Furniture and Bedsteads 64 Illustrated Testament . 1 nsuranee Company. North British 30 James, Electrician . . . . and Garter's Guide Depot. Mudie's Library Parr's Life rills Passport agency — Adams . Passport agency — DorreH . 'iiev — Stanford r pular Works 1' : b a ■■< '• Mb — Allen's . D . . Thi • entials for Ti ling 23 'JO is 21 61 29 25 ..■> 21 22 2 Lfi Bristol— The Boyal Hotel H— \ alley of Books Hotel | . . . Oxvoss — S].i. n' 01 u.iiiMiii.ii Manns BS 1-6 B— m e and Hob I . \l U — { — Antrim Anas Hotel . 20 n B 8 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. Mar, FRANKFORT. P. A. TACCHI'S SUCCESSOR, MHEifflAM FAHCY (£ILA§g AMB CRYSTAL WAlEHdDUJSEo P. A. TACCHI'S SUCCESSOR, Manufacturer of Bohemian Glass, begs to acquaint the Public that he has always an extensive Assortment in the Newest and most Elegant Designs of ORNAMENTAL CUT, ENGRAVED, GILT, & PAINTED GLASS, BOTH WHITE AND COLOURED, In Dessert Services, Chandeliers, Candelabras, Articles for the Table and Toilet, and every possible variety of objects in this beautiful branch of manufacture. He solicits, and will endeavour to merit, a continuance of the favours of the Public, which he has enjoyed in so high a degree during a considerable number of years, P. A. Tacchi's Successor has a Branch Establishment during the Summer Season at WIESBADEN, in the Old Colonnade, Where will always be found an extensive Selection of the newest Articles from his Frankfort Establishment. Visitors to Frankfort should not fail to pay a visit to the Show Rooms of Mr. P. A. Tacchi's Successor. His Agents in England, to whom he undertakes to forward Pur- chases made of him, are Messrs. J. & R. M'Cracken, 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C., London. 186S. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. COLOGNE ON THE RHINE JOHAOT MARIA FARINA, GEGEXUBER DEM JULICH'S PLATZ (Opposite the Jiilich's Place), PURVEYOR TO H. M. QUEEN VICTORIA; TO II. Efc, H. THE PUINCE OF WALES; TO H. M. Tllb: KIXU OF PRUSSIA; THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA; THE KING OF DENMAKK, ETC. ETC., OF THK ONLY GENUINE EAU DE COLOGNE, h gained the only PruN Medal awarded to Eau de Cologne at the Paris Exhibition of 136' 'THE frequency of mistakes, which are sometimes accidental, but for the most J- part the result of deception practised by interested individuals, induces me to request the attention of English travellers to the following statement: — The favourable reputation which my Eau de Cologne has acquired, since its invention by my ancestor In the year 1709, ha^ induced many people to imitate it; and in order to be able to sell their spurious article more easily, and under pretext that it was genuine, they pro- iselves a firm of Farina, by entering into partnership with persons of my namss which is a very common one in Italy. Persons who wish to purchase the genuine and original Eau de Cologne ought to be parti- cular to see that the labels and the bottles have not only my name, Johann Maria Farina, but also the additional words, gegenuber dem Jiilich's 1'latz (that is, opposite the Julich's Place\ without addition of any number. Travellers visiting Cologne, and intending to buy my genuine article, are cautioned against being led astray by cabmen, guides, commissioners, and other parties, who offer their services iem. I therefore beg to state that my manufacture and 6hop are in the same house, .-ituated opposite the Julich's Place, and nowhere else. It happens too, frequently, that the said persons conduct the uninstructed strangers to shops of one of the fictitious firms, where ■iding assertion to the contrary, they are remunerated with nearly the half par the price paid by the purch.. bo, of course, must pay indirectly this remuneration by a high price and a bad article. Another kind of Imposition is practised In almost every bote] in Cologne, where wait commit . &c, offer to stra: tu de Cologne, pretending that it is the genuine < and that I delivered it to them for the purpose of selling it for my account. The only certain way to get in Cologne my genuine article is to buy it personally ai I house, opposite the s J'lace, forming the corner of the two streets, Unter Gtaldschmidf and Obcn Mar-pforten, No. 23, and having in the front six balconies, of which the t: higher ones bear my name, Johanh a. The excellence of my manufacture has been put beyond all doubt by the fact that the one In London, -, awarded to me the Pfci ial ; that I obtained honourable I a at tl. bibition in i veU the only Prix • M dal aw. i Eau de Cologne at the Paris Exhi! .January, - N MARIA FARINA, GEGENUBEB DEM JULICH'S PEAT/.. %• My Agency in I >n is «• 1, J. & K. IfCfUOnor, 38, Queen ect, Can >cct, J 10 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, P R AG U E. WILLIAM HOFMANN, BOHEMIAN GLASS MANUFACTURER, TO HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OP AUSTRIA, HOTEL BLUE STAR, Recommends his great assortment of Glass Ware, from his own Manufactories in Bohemia. The choicest Articles in every Colour, Shape, and Description, are sold, at the same moderate prices, at his Establishments. Agents in London, Messrs. J. and R. M'CRACKEN, 38, Queen Street, Cannon o lee , .O. Q oods forwarded direct to England, America, tyc. FLORENCE. JOHN AGLIETTI AND SONS, ARTISTS, GROUND FLOOR, No. 15, VIA MAGGIO, Have a large Collection of Ancient and Modern Original Paintings, and also Copies from the most celebrated Masters. Copies, Carved Frames, Gilt or Plain, made to order, and forwarded with despatch to all parts of the world. Correspondents in England, Messrs. J. and R. M'CRACKEN, of No. 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C., London. VI E N NA. The most extensive Warehouse for Bohemian White and Coloured Crystal Glass, J. & L. LOBMEYR, G LA SS IANUPACTUEERS, No. 13, KARNTHNERSTRASSE. All kinds of Bohemian White and Coloured Crystal Glass; Table, Dessert, and other Services ; Vases, Candelabras,Chandelieis, Looking-glasses; Articles of Luxury, in Crystal Glass, mounted in Bronze, and in Carved Wood. They obtained the Prize Medal at the International Exhibitions of 1862 and 1867. The prices are fixed at very moderate and reasonable charges. — The English language is spoken. their Correspondents in England, Messrs. J. and R. M'CRACKEN, No. 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C., London, will execute all orders with the greatest care and attention. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. li VIENNA. BOUEIIIW CMLASS AND KKONZE WAREHOUSE. HEINRICH ULLRICH, LATE WILLIAM HOFMANN, GLASS AND BRONZE MANUFACTURER, No. 3, LUGECK, Kocommends his great assortment of Glass and Bronzo Ware In the choicest articles, in overy colour, shape, and description, specially adapted to the English and American taste, from his own manufactories in Bohemia and Vienna (for the Bronze). The prices are fixed at very moderate and reasonable charges. He received at the last Paris Exhibition the Silver Medal for excellent execution and very cheap pri HKUlBIGB ULLRICH has a Branch Establishment during the Summer Season at BADEN-BADEN, No. 4, SOPHIEN STREET, xeau the ENGLISH HOTEL, where will always be found an extensive selection of the newest articles from his Vienna warehouse. The English language is spoken, and every information given with pleasure to travellers. He Bells only real Bohemian Glass, and not Hungarian Glass, which in many places is sold in substitution. Agents In Faris and New York. Agents in London, Messrs. J. and R. M'CRACKEN, 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street, E.C. ENGADINE, GRISONS, SWITZERLAND. BATHS OF ST. MOEITZ. to Coirt ''n' 1 Come. Dally Diligences fo and from Coire, Cli CoHco (Lake of Comd), I^IW IS .the: . it In Europe, are open from 15th June to 15th September. Ti. Qpertor in their beneficial effects. ed with the brai untain air, to the similar and I of .valbacb, I' n ali disorders cbarai I l»ya want of tone. The comfort and excellence ot the H< I ting and Drinking Ar, uts are well known and oniver- sally ad m i. The s\ nmnnication with the stoam- beated Baths and Springs. Chm raph. I frequent carriage communication with the neighbouring villa ST. MORITZ^ whiofa also abund.. mfortable accommodation. Romant! ry. Magnificent tonrs in all fbf its sublime beauty, rich with Pt durable, and unaltered & n of tt ROME. J. P. SHEA, ENGLISH HOUSE-AGENT. FORWARDING AGENT TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES, 11, PIAZZA DI SPAGNA. At this OlFice persons applying for Large or Small Furnished Apartments invariably obtain correct and unbiassed information on all matters connected with Lodging-Houses, Boarding-Houses, and Household Management, while Low and Fixed Charges for practical services offer safe and satisfactory assistance to Proprietor and Tenant, as testified by the increasing confidence of English and American Travellers since the opening of the establishment in 1852. Plans and Lists of Apartments sent by Post to persons who wish to secure accommodation, or avoid inconvenience at the approach of Carnival or the Holy Week. AS CUSTOM-HOUSE AGENT, Mr. Shea clears and warehouses Baggage and other effects for travellers who, to avoid the expense of quick transit, send their things by sea or luggage- train, directed to his care. He also superintends the Packing of Works of Art and other Property intrust- 1 to his care, and the forwarding of the so, me to England, &Ci ; and b i gent for M Barm and Mclyers' Italian line of steamers, can oiler facilities on the freight of packages between Italy and England. CORRESPONDENTS- v Messrs. J. k K. MCRACKEN, 88, Qui et, Gannon Street, Messrs. OLIVIER k GARB, 37, 1 injury Square. I.IVKKPOOL Messrs. BTAVELKY i:iU.KS Messrs. GI RATI) FKE Kue Sainte. FD Mflsam HASH LIU HEW TORE Messrs. AUSTIN, BALDWIN, & CO., 72, Broadway. BOSTON Mean, WELLS, FAROO, & CO. 14 HURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. Mat, CHAMONIX. -K>*- GRAND H OTEL IMPERIAL HOTEL rMGLETERRE. HOTEL DE LA COUROIIE. I LOIDRI The above Hotels are now the property of a JOINT-STOCK COMPANY, WITH A SUPERINTENDING COMMITTEE OF MANAGERS. The new Proprietors of these MAGNIFICENT ESTABLISHMENTS, the LARGEST AND MOST IMPORTANT AT CHAMONIX, have spared no expense in fitting them up with every comfort modem experience could suggest, as well as supplying an EXCELLENT CUISINE, under control of a FIRST-RATE PARISIAN COOK, and in forming a CELLAR OF WINES OF THE FINEST QUALITY. The Apartments have been refurnished, and the Service is organised on the model of the first Hotels in Switzerland, and is placed under the direction of a MAiTRE D'HOTEL of proved experience, and fully equal to the onerous duties of his position. PRIVATE SITTING ROOMS, BATHS, AND READING ROOMS supplied with the leading Journals of Europe and America, and arrangements to satisfy every taste. 300 Rooms, ranging from 2 francs a bed and upwards, 3. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 15 VISITORS TO NAPLES. -*c-»- NERAL AGENCY & COMMISSION OFFICE of the BRITISH LIBRAE Y n 1*37 by Mrs. Durant), DIRECTED BY GEORGE CIVALLERI, Palazzo Friozzi, No. 267, Riviera di Cliiaja. WORKS OF ART, GOODS, AND LUGGAGE warded to and received from all parts of the world, and warehoused at moderate charges of rent. BANK BILLS, CIRCULAR NOTES, AND LETTERS OF CREDIT cashed free of commission. COUNTRY WINES CP EVERY DESCRIPTION, both in Bottle and in Cask, for exportation, at reduced prices. FOLK! WIN1 WQLTSH BEERS, TEA-, j :, IMPORTED. Agency Business of -cription attended to; also the PURCHASE of LAN! HOUSES, or VILLAS for the account of Foreigners. Correspondents in London— Messrs. OLIVIER & CARR, 37, Finsbury Square. FLORENCE. 12, XjTTICTG-' .A-IR-ICTO 2sTTJO"v r O. MONTELATICI BROTHERS, ittiiuufacturtrs of Jf toxxixtinc lilcrsirixs. ASSORTMENT 0? CASKETS AND ALBUMS. OMMISSIONS AND EXPORTATION. FLORENCE. EITCHIE. BAECHI, & CO.. ESSENTIALS TRAVELLING. Thresher's India Tweed Suits. yillaiUUll U (LnT . Thresher's Kashmir Flannel Shirts. Thresher's Kashmir Woollen Soc D PA resher's Coloured Flannel Shirts. Thresher's Travelling Bags. SOLD i BY THKESHEE & GLENfl •U Parts PIAZZA SANTA TEDHTA. I NEXT DOOH 7™™**" H008£ ' lt> MUKKAY'S HANDUOOK ADVERTISE!!. May, VISITORS TO THE CONTINENT. OLIVIER Ac GJkJEfcfi, 37, Finsbury Square, London, (Mr. Olivier established in 1830,) COMMISSION MERCHANTS AND GENERAL AGENTS For Shipment and Reception of Goods to and from all Parts of the World, and IMPORTERS OF WINES, fa /"\LIVIEK & CAEE have the honour to inform " VISITORS TO THE CONTINENT that they undertake to receive and pass through the Customhouse in London, Liverpool, Southampton, &c, WORKS of ART, BAGGAGE, and PROPERTY of EVERY DESCRIPTION, which are attended to on arrival with the utmost Care in Examination and Removal, under their own personal superintendence. They heg to call particular attention tc ^ their Moderate Charges, which have given universal satisfaction. Many Travellers having expressed a desire to know in anticipation to what expenses their Purchases are liable on arrival in England, the following Rates of Charges on the Reception of Packages may be relied upon, for Landing from the Ship, Clearing, Delivery in London, and Agency : — On Trunks of Baggage about 9s. each. On Cases of Works of Art, &c, of moderate size and value . about 15s. „ „ „ of larger „ „ 20s, to 25s. On very large Cases of valuable Statuary, Pictures, &c, on which an estimate cannot well be given, the charges will depend on the care and trouble required. When several cases are sent together the charges are less on each case. OLIVIER & CARR undertake the FORWARDING OF PACKAGES OF EVERY KIND to the Continent, to the care of their Correspondents, where they can remain, if required, until the arrival of the owners. Also THE EXECUTION OF ORDERS FOR THE PURCHASE OF GOODS of all kinds, which, from their long experience as Commission Merchants, they are enabled to buy on the most advantageous terms. Pvesidents on the Continent will find this a convenient means of ordering any- thing they may require from London. N.B. — The keys of locked Packages should always be sent to Olivier & Carr, as every thing, although free of duty, must be examined by the Customs on arrival. INSURANCES EFFECTED, and Agency Business of every description attended to. 136S. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 17 OIjIVffKK At Aix-la-Cha} Alexa.iiria . Antwerp . Basle . Bologna. . Bordeaux Boulogne . Brussds . . cV CARR'S pr]?i<*ipa! C 1 ovrc*pou«l«ii3-. arc — . Messrs. A. SOUHEUK and CO. . Mr. J. \V. BROWNE. . Mr. R VERELLF.N BEERtfAKRT. Messrs. VLETJGELS and GUFFANTI. . Mr. J. J. FREY. ANTONIO MAZZETTI and CO. . Messrs. H. and 0. BEYERMAN and Wine Growi rs. L BRANLY and CO., Bl, Rue Napoleon- . Mr. G. LUYCKX. 24. Rue des Fabrigi Mr. L. STEIN, '22, Montasnede la Oour. . Messrs. MORY, TOre, Flls, and V0<; . Messrs. G H. VAX ZUTPHEN and CO. 3. G. TJLMKS andCO. . M issrs. VAISAMACHY and CO., Galata. . Messrs. KRAETSCHMER and CO. . Messrs. HASKARD and SON, 4, Borgo li. ^ Champagne 48s. to 72*. JVXarsala, in < ... ,30*. Sherries, I Of Brown, in Q 42o. Claret, B r, and I Detailed Prict List* may be hid of 0. & :. Fintbmry Square. 18 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. CHUBB'S LOOKS and SAFES. »o« Paris Exhibition, 1867, SILVER PRIZE MEDAL, • For perfection of ivorkrnanship and construction of Locks, also for the manufacture of Iron Safes.' Dublin International Exhibition, 1865, PRIZE MEDAL AWARDED, 1 For excellence of vjoi'kmanship and design in Locks and Safes.' chubb! son, BY APPOINTMENTS, MAKERS TO THE QUEEN, AND TO H.R.H. THE PRINCE OF WALES. pHUBB'S PATENT DETECTOR LOCKS, the most secure from \J picklocks and false keys, are strong, simple, and durable, and made of all sizes and for every purpose to which a Lock can be applied. Trunks, Portmanteaus, Travelling Bags, Dressing Cases, Writing Desks, &c, fitted with only the usual common and utterly insecure Locks, can have the place of these supplied by Chubb's Patent without alteration or injury. Travellers' Lock-Protectors and Portable Scutcheon Locks for securing Doors that may be found fastened only by common Locks. CHUBB & SON have always in stock a variety of Writing and Despatch Boxes in Morocco or Russia Leather and japanned Tin ; the latter being particularly recommended for lightness, room, durability, and freedom from damage by insects or hot climates. Best Black Enamelled Leather Travelling Bags of various sizes, all wit Chubb's Patent Locks. Cash, Deed, and Paper Boxes of all dimensions. pHUBB'S PATENT SAFES \J are constructed in the very bests manner, of the strongest wrought-iron, fitted with Chubb's Patent Drill- pre- ventive and their Gunpowder-proof Steel-plated Locks, are the most secure from fire and burglary, and form the most complete safeguard for Books., Papers, Deeds, Jewels, Plate, and other valuable property. CHUBB & SON have also strong- wrought- iron Safes, without fire-resisting | lining, but equally secure in all other respects, intended for holding plate wherel protection from fire is not an object, and I affording much more room inside than I the Patent Safes. They are recom- mended specially in place of the ordinary wooden cases for plate, which may so easily be| broken open. BUENOS AYRES GOVERNMENT CERTIFICATE. Translation. We, the undersigned, at the request of Messrs. Jas. C. Thompson & Co., certify that thej Iron Safes of Messrs. Chubb & Son, London, of which these gentleman are Agents, weref exposed for several hours to the Fire that took place in the offices of the National Govern- ment on the evening of the 26th instant ; that in our presence they were easily opened withl their respective keys; that the moneys and important documents they contained were foundl in perfect order, and that these Safes are now in use iu the National Treasury Office.— Buenos| Ayres, 31 st July, 1867. (Signed) J. M. Drago, Treasurer of the National Government. Jose Tomas IIojo. Juan M. Alvarez. a true copy— A. M. Bell. — m Complete Illustrated Priced Lists of Chubb's Locks, Boxes, Safes, and other Manufactures y gratis and post-free. CHUBB and SON, Makers to the Bank of England] 57, St. Paul's Churchyard; London ; E.G. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 19 HOTEL ET PENSION TAMINA A EAGAZ, This First-class Hotel, conducted by IMCr. & Mrs. I^OCH^T-, contains a great number of large and small Bedrooms, Salons, Beading and Conversation Eooms : first-class Cuisine ; English, French, and German Newspapers. Hot and Cold Baths are in the Hotel. The Hotel is very well situated for Excursions on the Moun- tains ; in winter sledges. From 1st October to 1st June pension at 4 francs the day. The Hotel well heated in winter. German, French, &c, Lessons at a very moderate price. The Hotel is kept in English style, and all comfort is provided for families. Omnibus to the Station for every Train. GE NEVA. HOTEL DU LAC. Splendid view on the Lake and the Mountains ; opposite the Steamer pecially recommended to families, j^ Very reason- able prices. TABLE D'HOTE AT 12, 5, and 7 O'CLOCK. II. BPAHLINGBR, Propriktor. MAYENCE. HOTEL D'ANGT.ETERRE. HENRY SPECHT, Wine Merchant and Grower. This first-rate ... '; excellent Hotel combining every English comfort), attoated in tYoiit i est Hotel to the Steamboats and dose to the Railway Stations. From I Room ire Picttm ITiewi of the Qa and / .v >/•> taken in. The Table-d*H( I for its Genuine Rhenish Wines i Sparkling Hock, arhJch M . \ orta to Englan I af Wholesale Prices. C 2 20 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. U&jl PLYMOUTH. THE EOYAL HOTEL. PATRONISED BY THE ENGLISH AND ALL THE CONTINENTAL PwOYAL FAMILIES. FIBST-CLASS FAMILY HOTEL, SITUATED IN THE MOST COMMANDING, HEALTHFUL, AND GENTEEL QUARTER OF PLYMOUTH. Sufficiently far (five minutes) from the Station to be free of its annoyances. HANDSOME COFFEE-ROO EXTENSIVE POSTING ESTABLISHMENT. CHARGES AS PER PRINTED TARIFF. An Omnibus attends every Train, and Carriages if ordered. S. PEAESE, Peopeietok. LACROIX and PALCONNET, J. LACROIX, SUCCESSOR, WARRANTED WATCH MANUFACTURER, 2, BEL-AIR, 1st Floor, GEWEVA. GABY'S IMPROVED POCKET TOURIST'S TELESCOPE- {See * Murray's Handbook') Manufacturer of all descriptions of Mathe- matical, Surveying, and Optical Instruments, for the use of Naval and Military Officers, &c. Also the new Binocular Reconnoitring Field Glass, in Aluminium of exceeding lightness and durability, so highly spoken of by officers and other gentlemen : from 11. Is. ; ordinary metal from 2l. 10s. Gary's improved Achro- matic Microscope, with two sets of choice lenses, capable of defining the severe test objects; from 41. 4s. Travelling Spectacles of all kinds. Mathematical and Optical Instrument Maker to the Admiralty, Trinity House, Royal Military College, Sandhurst, Royal Geographical Society, Christ's Hospital, Tri- nity House, King's College, &c. ; and Optician to the Royal London Ophthalmic Hospital. GOULD & PORTER, Successors to CARY, 181, STUAND, LONDON. Established upwards of a Century. FLORENCE . . M i o i A MOTEL BE L'OTIVEKS, VIA DI VITTORIO EMANUELE, At the western extremity of the City, and close to the Cascine. This Hotel was only opened in November, 186G, and will be found in all respects a first-class Estab- lishment. 3. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 21 PASSPORT AGENCY OFT ICE, LOXDOX, 59, FLEET STREET, E. C. Regulations gratis for obtaining Foreign Office Passports. pOUNTRY or LONDON Resi \J who desire to avoid trouble.' can, by for- warding a Bank ;i, or Oatifica Identity, have a PASSPORT obtained and vised, uatry Residents, by Ibis arrai ived the trouble of a personal at ten.; I the F port can be forward.? to them by T Rtgle). inlng Passport, .; Visas, If. each. Passports d, and Na red tii Passport Cases from 13. 6d. to 6s. each. • for traveller.-. THE LATEST EDITIONS OF MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS. BRADSHAW S BRITISH and CONTINENTAL GUIDES and HANDEOOKS France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal, Normandy, Brittany, Tyrol, IV.ris, London, xc. •lite Phrase Books, French, Italian, Spanish, and German. Is. each. - I »verland and Through Route Guide to India, China, and Australia, 6s. Jbook to the Bombay Presidency and the North- West Provinces, Madras and Bengal, LQf. each. Kella. gler's Maps of Switzerland. Mate's Map of the Tirol Original Editio: Knapsacks, Rngs, Waterproof Goats, Door- fasteners, Handbags, Portmanteaus, &c. ase Books and Dictionar; Hai HAM-rooK to Europe and the East. DBS to England. Ireland, Wales, and Scotland. Works on Health-Resorts, Climates, and Waters. By Edwin Lee, M.D. Experienced Couriers engaged upon application. W. J.ADAMS (B:;adshaw's British and Continental Guide Office), LONDON, 59, FLEET STREET, E.C. Office Hours 8 to 7. Saturdays 8 to 3. THE CONTINENTAL DAILY PARCELS EXPRESS (established 1849), \GLAXD of the Belgian Government Railway and Royal ssian Post, and Correspondents of the Northern of France Railway, CONVEY by MAIL ;RY NIGHT (Sunday excepted), via DOV1 TEND, Samples, Parcels, and Packages of all kinds between ENGLAND and all TINENT, at fixed Through rates, including all charges except Duties and Entries, Tables, with full instructions to seinl- to be had gratis, at Chief Office: 53, GEACECHUECII STREET, P. X. BRIDGE, *{jcr, to whom all communications should be address AGENTS AND CORRESPONDENTS :— "gent Circus (Universal Offic aul's Churchyard, and 150, Leadenhall Sfo Mai J. Joi NS05, 32, (. — & C<>., 32, Dale St; Prn and nil Germany.— ' Belgium.—* ephi 1 ■'. i> pedelaCour: -ANTV NT, Li! , and all other plac ~ in Belgium ilway Station. Holland. — in a Prance.- ndO.and Royal Mail Con 4, Hue Rossini. Boulog: :iount I IIoi ishlng to obtain goods of 1 irorr. .ton deli \. I / ' . , E . ',, cechurch Street, IttMcif, 1863. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, Stanford's Foreign Office Passport Agency, 6, CHAKING CROSS, LONDON, S.W. Passports (which are good for life) mounted on Muslin or Silk, in Roan, Morocco, or Russia Case, with the name of the Owner lettered on the outside, thus preventing injury or loss, as well as lessening the delay in examination abroad. For further particulars, including the Forms of Application, Cost of Passport, Visas, &c. &c, see Stan- ford's Passport Circular, which will he forwarded per post on receipt of One Stamp. STANFORD'S TOURIST'S CATALOGUE, Containing Title, Price, &c, of the Best Guide Books, Maps, Conversation Books, Diction- aries, &c. &c, published in the United Kingdom, the Continent, and America, Gratis on application, or free per post for One Stamp. London: EDWARD STANFORD, 6, Charing Cross, S.W., Agent for the Sale of the Ordnance Maps, Geological Survey Maps, and Admiralty Chart?. BADEN-BADEN. »o, Hotel de Hollande : Proprietor, A. Roessler. THIS favourite and first-class Hotel, situated near the Kursaal, Pro- menade, and Theatre, commands one of the most charming views in Baden. The increase of business rendering it necessary to enlarge the Hotel, it now consists of more than a hundred sleeping apartments, elegant sitting-rooms, and a garden for the use of visitors. Comfortable Public Sitting Rooms. It is con- ducted under the immediate superintendence of the Proprietor, who endeavours, by the most strict attention and exceedingly moderate prices, to merit the continued patronage of English visitors. ' Tbe Times ' and other Journals. The Wines of this Hotel are reputed of the best quality in Baden. Fixed moderate charges for evervthing. Breakfast, 42 krs. Table d'H6te at One, 1 fl. 24 kr. ; at Five, 1 fl. 48 kr. Mr. Augustus, remaining sole Proprietor, will spare no pains to deserve the confidence of English Travellers. English is spoken. Open during the Winter. BERLIN. HOTEL ROYA.L. Proprietor: Mr. FEIEDEICH IANGE, UNTER DEN LINDEN, No. 3, and corner of Wilhelm Street. This Hotel is in the best situation of the town, near the Promenade, the King's Theatre, the Museum, &c ; it is most elegantly furnished, and offers good accommodation for all classes of travelleis. Saloons and large apartments for Families. Waterworks and Baths in the Hotel. Carriages. Table d'hote at 3. Private dinners and suppers at any hour. Good English cuisine, and French restaurant in an elegant saloon. Prompt attendance and mode- rate prices. 18(& MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. -< v^ A ^P " 3 3 M ^k. m I B / V 4V at ^» C / /*\ % g / TRADE. MARU\ B S, " ••-• u ii a M f° - ^ ■* O - I» c+ & . _ __, __. . Si g Pi o PATENT 2 CQ bo p CORN FLO ITO '- Paisley, Manchester, Dublin, & London. ooV^OO I This favourite article of Diet is especially suitable for PUDDINGS, CUSTAKDS, BLANCMANGES; and, being very light and of easy digestibility, it is recommended for BREAKFASTS, SUPPERS, &c, ■ which it is easily prepared, requiring only to be boiled with milk for eight minutes. It is preferred for all the purposes to which the best Arrowroot .is applicable, and prepared in the same manner. Tor various purposes, such as to thicken Soups, Sauces, Beef-tea, ., it is invaluable, and extensively used in all parts of the world. CAUTION. — To obtain extra profit by the sale, other kinds are sojietimes substituted instead of BROWN and POLSON'S. 24 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. Mnv, BONN ON THE RHINE, MR. SCHMITZ, PROPEIETOE OF THE GOLDEN STAR HOTEL, Begs leave to recommend his Hotel to English Travellers. The apart- ments are furnished throughout in the English style ; the rooms are carpeted ; and the attendance, as well as the kitchen and the wine- cellar, is well provided. Mr. SCHMITZ begs to add that at no first- rate Hotel on the Rhine w T ill be found more moderate charges and more cleanliness. The STAR HOTEL has been honoured by the visits of the following Members of the English Royal Family : — 1857. Oct. 16 { H. ni. 1857. Aug. 20 < 1857. Aug. 8 H. 1857. July 29 j l ' 1857. July 29 j H ' rH. 1857. July 15 < 1856. Nov. . { H< 1846. June 18 < 1818. May . . H 1825. March j H and Sept. . ( 1834. July . . ^ 3 836. Aug. 1837. July. 1839. Nov, — Nov. 1840. . . . 1841. 1841. 1844. H II II II H H H H C H 1845. June . -J 1847. July j * R. H. the Prince of Wales, accompanied by General Sir W. Codrington, Colonel Ponsonby, Sir Frederic Stanley, Dr. Armstrong, Rev. F. C. TARVER,«Mr. Gibbs, etc R. H. the Prince of Wales and his Suite paying a visit at the Golden Star Hotel to His Majesty the King of the Belgians. R. H. the Prince of Wales and his Suite. R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge and Princess Mart of Cambridge, accompanied by the Baron Knesebeck and Suite. R. H. the Prince of Wales paying a visit at the Golden Star Hotel to T. R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge and Princess Mary of Cambridge. R. H. the Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Right Honourable C. Grey, General Major, Colonel Ponsonby, Sir Frederic Stanley, Dr. Armstrong, Rev. F. C. Tarver, Mr. Gibbs, etc. R. H. Prince Alfred of Great Britain, accompanied by Lieutenant- General Sir Frederick Stovin and Lieutenant Cowell. , M. Adelaide, Queen Dowager of Great Britain, accompanied by His Highness Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar, Lord and Lady Bar- rington, Sir David Davies, M.D., Rev. J. R. Wood, M. A., Captain Taylor, &c. &c, honoured the above establishment with a Three Days' Visit. , R. H. the Duke of Cambridge and Suite. , R. H. the Duke and Duchess of Clarence (King "William IV. and Queen Adelaide) and Suite. , M. Queen Adelaide, accompanied by the Earl and Countess of Eerol, Earl and Countess of Denbigh, Earl and Countess Howe, &c. , R. H. the Duchess of Gloucester and Suite. R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge and Suite. , Pv. H. the Prince George of Cambridge and Suite. , R. H. Prince Albert of Saxe Coburg Gotha, accompanied by Prince Ernest of Saxe Coburg Gotha, and their Snite. . R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, and their Suite. , R. H. the Duchess of Kent and Suite, accompanied by H. S. H. the Prince of Letningen. . R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge and Suite. . R. H. Princess Carolina of Cambridge. . R. H. the Duchess of Cambridge and Suite. . R. H. Princess Mary of Cambridge. . R. H. the Duchess of Kent and Suite, accompanied by H. S. H. the Prince of Leintngen. R. H. the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, with their Family and Suite. IS' MURRAY'S HANDIiOOK ADVERTISER. MU DIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, BOCKS FOR ALL READERS. FIRST-CLASS SUBSCRIPTION FOR A CONSTANT SUCCESSION OF THE NEWEST LOOKS, One Grxxinea per ^LxiniTiii, ►MMENCING AT ANY DATE. BOOK SOCIETIES SUPPLIED ON LIBERAL TERMS. CHEAP BOOKS.— NOTICE. FIFTEEN THOUSAND VOLUMES BOUND BOOKS FOR PRESENTS AND PRIZES. 00 [NG CHIEFLY OF WORKS OF TKE BEST AUTHORS, N'D MORE THAN ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND VOLUM] of Surplus I of Books of the Past Season, ARE NOW OX SALE AT GREATLY REDUCED PRICES. ■:s postage free on Application. XDIE'S SELECT LIBRARY, New Oxford Street, London. CITY OFFICE— 4, King Street, Cheapside. LAKE OF COMO, BELLAGIO. GREAT BRITAIN HOTEL. LAltGE and Small Apartments, Leading, Billiard, and Smoking Rooms, Baths in the Hotel and on the Lake. Divine Service ace to the Established Church throughout the year. This hotel is beauti- fully situ jring at once a full and splendid view of tiie Lake and of the vill belloni, and Sommariva. The Hotel, havi d recently enlarge!, will affi >le comfort to angers during their stay on the Lake. T • in the Hotel. Proprietor: A. MELLA. NUREMBERG. RED HORSE HOTEL (Rothes Ross), Pkoprietob : M. P. GALIMBERTI. This excel lei :• larters of the town, is well I Families making a visit to Noremborg of will Bud • fort and ad Tiiv. t all I will be found well • itronag isii travellers of the highest rank during ma: 26 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ANTWERP. HOTEL dTTeHOPE, Next to the rost Office. The Most Agreeable Situation in the Town. Formerly Hotel du Pare. This Hotel has been rebuilt, a magnificent Salle a manger added, as well as many Bed and Sitting Rooms, entirely new furnished and redecorated ; and the present Proprietor spares no exertion to render it one of the most popular hotels on the Continent. Excellent Table d'Hote. Hot and Cold Baths. Stabling and Coach-House. English and French Newspapers. BORDEAUX. HOTEL DE x ; iEST-CLAssHoTEL,most delightfully situated, facing the Port, in the centre of the City, near the Promenades, the Exchange, and Theatres, lias a good Restaurant and a large Stock of Wines. Large and Small Apartments, Sitting Boom for Conversation, &c. &c. Attendants speaking several languages. LUCERNE. ENGLISCHEE HOP.— HOTEL d'ANGLETEEEE. Proprietor— JEAN KEBEK. HpHIS First-rate Establishment, very X well recommended by the best class of Travellers, is situated close to the Steamers' Landing-place, and vis-a-vis the Railway Sta- tions, on the loveliest position of the Lake, with superb views of the Rigi, Pilatu?, Alps, and Glaciers; contains several Saloons, G2 comfortable Rooms, Smoking aud Reading Rooms, where are French and English news- papers. Charge for Booms per diem, lfr. 50c. to 3fr. Table d'Hote, at 1 ... Mr. „ 430 . . 4fr. ,, ,, 7'30 . . 3fr. The ' Times,' ' Galignani,' * V Indepen- dence,' the ' Bund,' and other German, French, and American papers are taken for OXFORD. SPIERS AND SON, 102 & 103, HIGH STREET, Respectfully invite TOURISTS to VISIT their Extensive Warehouses for Useful and Ornamental Manufactures, suitable for Pre- sents and remembrances of Oxford. Copies of every published Guide-Book and Map of the City and neighbourhood kept. Photographs, &c, kept in stock. Inventors and Manufacturers of the cele- brated " Oxford Cyclopean Washstands." Information relative to Oxford afforded to strangers visiting their establishments. FLORENCE. P. EOMANELLI, Sculptor, Pupil of, and Successor to, the late Professor Bartolini, has opened a Gallery, Lung' Arno Guicciardini, No. 7. The intelligent amateur will find there a Collection of Statues, both originals and copies, artistically executed. Principal Works : — The Son of William Tell ; the Young Franklin ; the Young Wash- ington ; the Young Whittington ; the Young Napoleon ; the Young Moses ; Garibaldi. GALIGNANI'S W PARIS GUIDE. the Reading Room. Compiled from the best authorities, revised and verified by personal inspection, and ar- ranged on an entirely new plan, with Map and Plates. Royal 18mo. 10s. 6d. bound ; or with Map only, 75. 6d. bound. London : Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. ROTTERDAM. H. A. KRAMERS, Importer of Foreign Books. Mr. Murray's ' Handbooks for Travellers, Bradshaw's Monthly Railway Guides, Bae- deker's 'Reischandbiicher,' and Hend£- chel's ' Telegraph,' always in Stock. English, French, and German Books im- ported Weekly, and a great variety of New Books kept in Store. 47, GELDER3CHE KADE. 18HS. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. •:: By Appointment to H.R. H. The Prince of Wales. &A^i? ALLEN'S PORTMANTEAUS. 37, WEST STRAND, LONDON, W.C. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES of 500 ARTICLES Post Free. *1 ALLEN S PATENT BAG „ ALLEN'S PATENT ALLEN'S PATENT BAG. DESPATCH-BOX DESK. ALLEN'S PATENT Quadruple Portmanteau. i :\™Wc %h SOLID LEATHER DRESSING-CASE. RAILWAY PORTMANTEAU. i^u.* S ALLEN'S DRESSING BAG. ALLEN'S SOLID MAHOGANY DRESSING-CASE. LADY'S WARDROBE PORTMANTEAU. AJJBO Allen's Barrack Furniture Catalogue, for Officers joining, Post Free. PRIZE MEDAL AWARDED, 1862, FOR GENERAL EXCELLENCE 28 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, RELAN D. ■^o*- AJSrCTZITML ABtlMS HOTEL, PORTRUSH. THIS Hotel is beautifully situated, having an uninterrupted view of the Atlantic Ocean, the Giant's Causeway, the Skerries, and Lough Foyle. It contains upwards of 100 Apartments, Principally facing the Sea. A NOBLE COFFEE-ROOM, with Drawing-Rooni attached, equally available for Ladies and Gentlemen. Table d'Hote daily during the Season. Cuioine and Wines First-Class. Terms moderate. French spoken. E>il!Iaa*d ami Ssiiokiiag E&ooms* THE SEA BATHS, Kecently rebuilt on the llotel Grounds, by Mr. Brown, will be found to contain every modern improvement. Separate Apartments for Ladies and Gentlemen. Hot 5 Cold, Shower, and Douche Baths. The Superintendents in each Department being people of experience, visitors to the Baths may depend on every attention. Extensive Posting and Livery Establishment in connection with the Hotel. A Vehicle to the Giant's Causeway and back daily during the Season. Visitors to the Hotel are respectfully requested to he particular in inquiring for the ANTRIM ARMS HOTEL Omnibus. It attends all Steamers and Trains, for the conveyance of Passengers to the Hotel free. J. BROWN, Pkoppjetok. Portrush is the nearest Railvjay Station to the Giant's Causeway. London and South-Western Eailway, LONDON STATION, WATEKLOO BRIDGE. The Cheap and Picturesque Houte to PARIS, ROUEN, HONFLEUR, AND CAEN, Via SO UTHAMP TON and HA VRE. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, the last Train from London at 9 p.m. Fares throughout (London and Paris)— First Class, 30/0 ; Second Class, 22/©. Return Tickets (available for one month)— First Class, SO/ ; Second Class, 36/. JERSEY, GUERNSEY, AND ST, MALO, MAIL SERVICE, Via SOUTHAMPTON— The favourite Route. Every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Fares throughout (London and Jersey or Guernsey)— 32/ O First ; 23/0 Second Class. Return Tickets (available for One Month)— 48/0 First ; or 38/0 Second Class. The Last Train from London in time for the Steamers leaves at 9 p.m. For further information apply to Mr. I>e Voulle, 3, Place VendSme, Paris. — Mr. Langstaff, 47, Grand Quai, Havre. — Mr. Enault, Honfleur.-^-Mr. E. D. Le Couteur, Jersey. — Mr. Spencer, Guernsey. Captain Gaudin, St. Male. Or to Mr. E. K. Corke, Steam Paciet Superintendent, Southampton. 18>^. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 29 FURNITURE FOR INDIA, CHINA, &c HEAU * SON Manufacture, ESPECIALLY FOB EXTREME CLIMATES, SOLID MAHOGANY FURNITURE, Entirely free from Veneer. A large general assortment always on view. wesm otb BS& wsaam In the Choicest Designs. 2500 Bedsteads kept in Stock. HEAt & SON'S patent gnrscljair ftlattrcss Prevents the material from felting into a mass, as is the case in all ordinary Mattresses. The Patent Mattresses are made of the very best Horsehair, are thicker than usual, and the prices are but a trifle higher than those of other good Mattresses. ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES Of Bedsteads and Bedroom Furniture, designed for INDIA and th- ST, sent Post Free to every part of the World. HEAl * SON* BEDSTEAD, BEDDING, AND BEDROOM FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS, 190, 107, 193, TOTTKMLUI-0)U;T-: 10AD, .JJOX, W. 30 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, llorfb |i.vitbb # ||Urcantik fixsitrmra Compni)* ESTABLISHED in 1809. Incorporated by JRoyal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament. CAPITAL, TWO MILLIONS. ACCUMULATED FUNDS £2,754,237. ANNUAL REVENUE £712,848. DIRECTORS. JOHN WHITE CATER, Esq., Chairman. CHAS. MORRISON, Esq., Deputy Chairman. P. Dm Pre GRENFELL. Esq. A. KLOCKMANN, Esq. JOHN MOLLETT, Esq. J. S. MORGAN, Esq. J. H. W. SCHRODER, Esq. JAS. DU BUISSON, E? q. GEORGE YOUNG, Esq. A. H. CAMPBELL, Esq. M.P. PHILIP C. CAVAN, Esq. GEORGE G. NICOL, Esq. Manager.-G. H. WHYTING. ,| Foreign Superintendent. -G. H. BURNETT, Manager of Life Department.— A. J. RUSSELL. Secretary.— F. W. LANCE. General Manager.— DAVID SMITH. LIFE DEPARTMENT. THE PRINCIPLES on which this Company was founded, and on which 2t continues to act, combine the system of Mutual Assurance with the safety of a large Protecting Capital and Accumulated Funds, and thus afford all the facilities- and advantages which can prudently be offered by any Life Assurance Office. Under these principles the business of the Company continues rapidly to increase. NINETY PER CENT, of the WHOLE PROFITS is divided among the Assured on the Participating Scale. The PROFITS are divided every five years. NEXT DIVISION 31st December,. 1870. POLICIES INDISPUTABLE after Five Years. Every facility given for Foreign Travel and Residence. ANNUITIES of all kinds are granted, and the Rates fixed on the most favour- able terms. FIRE DEPARTMENT. PROPERTY OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, at Home and Abroad, Insured at the most moderate Rates. The NETT PREMIUMS for 1867 amounted to £333,984. The INCREASE on the amount of Fire Insurance Duty paid by this Company during the year 1866 as compared with 1865 v;as larger than that of any other Company in the United Kingdom. Prospectuses and every information can be obtained at the €\uf Mm : LONDON: 61, THREADNEEDLE STREET, E.G. „ West-End Office: 8, Waterloo Place, S.W. EDINBURGH: 64, PRINCES STREET. < lb- MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 1 BERNE (Switzerland). J. H. HELLER'S EXHIBITION OK HIS CELEBRATED MUSICAL BOXES OF EVERY DESCRirilOX, And of SCULPTURES in WOOD, SWISS WOOD MODELS and ORNAMENTS in the richest Style. Mr. J. H. HELLER at Berne, Manufacturer of the celebrated MUSICAL BOXES with the latest improvements, &c. ♦- MOULINIE AND LEGRANDROY'S WATCHMAKING ESTABLISHMENT, /■'' I in the Tear 18< 9, 23, Quai des Bergues, Geneva, and 89, Strand, (' Fxeter HaU,) London. CHRISTIAN LANGE, Sole Agent. TBIS ble firm, one of the oldest in ommendn itself for its eUent tions in WATCHMAKING, for which it has obtained hret-< prizes at nearly all the Universal Exhibitions. They are makers to nearly all Europ F LOli E N ( ! E. ♦ Messrs. Anthony Sasso & Son, Artists, 4, VIA DI BOEGO OGNI8SANTI, ibition ry in t bra ted pictures in the Public Gallon . ..utilul ami-nl ca'. fcO. • ENGLISH SPOKEN. Agents a> I and America— Messrs. J. ft R. 0. aiBMAJ WIN, i York. H MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, HEIDELBERG. PRINCE CHARLES HOTEL. (In the Market Place, nearest to the Castle.) WITH THE BEST VIEW OF THE RUINS. r FHIS first-class Family Hotel, patronised by their Royal 1 Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales and Prince Alfred, Is without question the largest and best situated Establishment in the town for families and individuals who visit the celebrated Castle, or making a longer stay, being near all the attractive points, and at the foot of the Castle. It contains large and small apartments of all descriptions; its rooms are light, airy, cheerful, and truly comfortable ; and the Hotel is conducted on the most liberal scale under the personal superintendence of the Proprietor, Mr. C. H. SOMMEK. Superior Table-d'hote at 1 P.M. and 5 p.m. Warm Baths in the Hotel. Reading-room supplied with London ' Times.' and * Galignani's Messenger.' Two Dining-rooms (in one of them no smoking allowed). Fresh trout in the pond. Prices moderate. English spoken. BERLIN. HOTEL D'ANOLETERRE, 2, PLACE AN DEE, BAUACADEMIE, 2. SITUATED IN THE FINEST AND MOST ELEGANT PART OF THE TOWN, Next to the Eoyal Palaces, Museums, and Theatres. Single travellers and large families can be accommodated with entire suites of Apartments, consisting of splendid Saloons, airy Bedrooms, &c, all furnished and carpeted in the best English style, First-rate Table-d'Hote, Baths, Equipages, Guides. Times and Galignani's Messenger taken in. Residence of Her British Majesty's Messengers. It. SIEBELIST, Proprietor. DARMSTADT, HOTEL DE DARMSTADT. Proprietor— Mr. L. WEINER. FIRST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT FOR FAMILIES AND TOURISTS. RECOMMENDABLE IN ALL RESPECTS. FRANKFORT O. M. MR. C. A. LOHR, PROPRIETOR OF THE ROMAN EMPEROR HOTEL,' Begs to recommend his House to English Travellers. This large and well-situated Establishment is conducted under the immediate superintendence of the Proprietor, and newly furnished with every comfort, aud a new splendid Dining-room. The " Roman Emperor" is often honoured by Royal Families and other high personages. The following have lately honoured this Hotel — H.M. THE KING AND QUEEN OF WURTEMBERG. H.M. THE QUEEN OF HOLLAND. H.R.H. THE CROWN PRINCE AND PRINCESS OLGA OF WURTEMBERO. H.I.H. THE ARCHDUKE OF AUSTRIA. &c. &c. &c. Table-d'hote at 1, Ifl. 30kr. Breakfast, 42kr. 5. 211. Tea, &2kr. Bed Rooms, from lfl. to 3fl. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 35 REMARKABLE CURE of CAPT. SAUNDERSON. " ( 1,ro, n't * I Webt /•). Mr. WEGENSTEIN. Proprietor. THISJarge and justly renowned first-class Establishment, most charmingly situated ind surrounded by beautiful gardens and shaded walks, imanda splendid views of the glaciers and of the lovely scenery around. It Is an and comfortable. The SCHWUIZRRHOF will be round to merit its high reputation and the continued patro f English viaifc re. Ladii a' SI Ui g-r ■ on, Read- me, Billiard, and Smoking is. English Church Service in tin* Hotel. Boa iken by the ictek. Croquet-ground. Good fishing. I NTERLAKEN. HOTEL BELVEDERE. KEPT BY J. M U L L E R. -♦o*- r PHIS First-class Establishment has long been renowned as one of the most comfortable and best managed Hotels in Switzer- land. Beautifully situated, with splendid views of the Jungfran. Large and small apartments. The principal Europeao newspapers, including the ' Times ' and ' I ;iani.' Good Table and active Attendants. NUREMBERG. HOTEL DE BAVIERE (BAYERISCIIER HOF). THIS old-establ firet-clai ad b Botel, centre of the town, < It the ri\ tea of $p and igle rooms, all elegently fun new style. It the most dist English Divine Service dm eaaon. 1 newsp niages in the Ih-tel. Omnibus to and from each train. Moderate aud fixed prices. 38 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, PRIZE-MEDAL, SILVER MEDAL LONDON, 1862. ARMS of the City of FRANKFORT. BY SPECIAL PERMISSION. FRIEDRICH BOHLER Zeil 54 (next door to the Post-Office). MANUFACTORY OF STAGHORN. Furniture of every description, as Sofas, Chairs, Tables, &c. Chandeliers, Table and Hand Candlesticks, Shooting- tackle, Inkstands, Paper-knives, Penholders, Seals, Knives, &c. Riding-whips, Cigar-cases and Holders, Pipes, Match-boxes, Porte-monnaies, Card-cases, Thermo- meters, &c. Goblets, Candle-screens, Figures and Groups of Animals, executed after Piiedinger, Mene, and others. Brooches, Bracelets, Earrings, Shirt-pins, Studs, Buttons. Stag and Deer Heads with Antlers attached to the Skull. CARVED WOOD-WORK (Vieuxchene). Furniture and Fancy Objects of every description. Orders for a Complete Set or for any quantity of Furniture will be promptly executed. FIXED PRICES. The Agents in London are Messrs. J. and R. M c Cracken, 38, Queen Street, Cannon Street West. t 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 39 FRANKFORT O. M. FRIEMICH BOIILER, Zeil, 1~ £ NEXT DOOR TO c PKIZE MEDAL, ^"5fe5* LONDON. 1862. No. 54, THE POST OFFICE. *$& Pendules (Ornamental Clocks) of every description,Vases, Goblets, Antin and Modern Statuettes and Groups of Animals, Inkstands, Paper-weights, &c etc., in Bronze, Cast Iron, Galvano-plastic, &c Cbown-chandeliebs; Branch, Table, and Hand Candlesticks, in Bronze, &c. ; Lamps of every description. Vienna Bronze, Marquetry, Leather, and MEERSCHAUM Articles. Porcelain and Britannia-metal Goons, Liquenr-chests, &c Travelling Dressing-cases and Bags, Bailroad Companions, Picnic-baskets, every kind of Leather Goods and Articles of Taste and Dse tor Travel Fancy Objects of the greater variety and beauty; Albums, Boxes, Fa: Smelling-bottles, Opera and Race-Glasses, &c. &C« Superior Copies of the Ariadne by l>annccker, and the Amazon by Ki— . Genuine Eau de Cologne of Jean Marie Farina, opposite the Jiilichsplatz. FIXED PBICI The Agents in London are Messrs. J. and K. M^Cracken, 38, Que< u Street, Cannon Street West. 40 MURRATS HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, LUCERNE. HOTEL BEAU EIVAGE, Proprietor— Mr. ED. STRUB. 'THIS newly-established Hotel is fitted up with every comfort, and recommends itself by its magnificent view on the Rigi, Pilatus, &c. Beautiful Gardens. Pleasure Boats. Private Saloons for ladies and families. Smoking-rooms. Baths. Variety of Newspapers. Most scrupulous attendance. Moderate prices. Omnibus at the Railway Station and landing-place. DRESDEN. h6tel~de SAXE. 'THIS celebrated First-class Hotel, kept by Mrs. DORN and A her SONS, has been recently enlarged and embellished, contains 150 Front Rooms, with 200 Beds, and is situated in the centre of the town, at the New Square, in the immediate vicinity of all the curiosities. Table-d'Hote at one and four o'clock, in the most splendid dining-room in the town. Carriages, Baths, Reading and Smoking Room. Arrangements for the winter. LAUSANNE. Hotel Gibbon : Mr. Ritter, Proprietor. HPHIS First-class Hotel, highly recommended in every respect, is situated in the best part of the town, and commands the finest and most extensive views of the Lake, the Alps, and the splendid scenery around Lausanne. The terraced garden adjoining the salle-a-manger is unsurpassed by any in the neighbourhood, and was the favourite residence of Gibbon, who wrote here his History of Rome. From the extensive Garden, which is tastefully laid out and attached to the Hotel, the view is most grand and romantic. In fact, this house will be found to give very superior accommodation, and to offer to travellers a highly desirable place of residence or of temporary sojourn. Pension at Reduced Prices during the Winter. LAUSANNE. Hotel Richemont: kept by Fritz Ritter. T^HIS Hotel is of the first order, worthy of the highest recom- - 1 - mendations, and in a situation of surpassing beauty. It is surrounded by gardens and promenades, and possesses the advantage of having three fronts facing the Alps. Reduced prices for protracted stay, and Pension during Winter season. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISKR. 41 HEIDELBERG. HOTEL DE UEUROPE. This now, magnificent^ Sret-rate Establishment, surrounded by private and public gardens, with the view of the Castle, and the very best situation of Heidelberg, enjoys already an European reputation. READING ROOM, Witli Eii^'lissli mid. Amei-icmi Papers. Reduced prices for protracted stay, and for the Whiter Season. HUEFELI-GUJER, Proprietor. NEAR TO LAUSANNE. HOTEL BEAU RIVAGE. SITUATED IN ONE OF THE MOST BEAUTIFUL SPOTS OF THE LAKE OF GENEVA. LUCERNE. SWAN HOTEL— This Hotel, in the very best situation, ei. b character. Mr. H.l.KI.I.I, the Proprietor, has made in the later yenrg a great many Improvements, and does his possible to offer to his visfton a comfortable borne. An elegant m-w Ladies' Drawing-room, beside* .1 Reading-room and Smoking-room. By a week's sojourn, pension arrangements. Cold, Warm, and Shower B itb9. FLORENCE. BRIZZI AND NICCOLAI'S MiiHieal l^^t :il>li^1iiii< k iit. PIANOFORTES, OF THE BEST MAKERS, K >AI.l. \\|i OH HIRE. GENERAL DEPOT FOR WIND-INSTRUMENTS. Italian and Foreign IVIusic. .Sfutical Tsn'hvrj Lilrrnmj. PIAZZA M LDONNA, PALAZZO ALDOBR VNMNI. BRANCH HOUSE [Music Dki-ot), 12. VIA CKURETANI. 42 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May. PENZANCE, CORNWALL. MOUNT'S BAY HOUSE, ESPLANADE, PENZANCE, CORNWALL, Has been erected and fitted up expressly as a S EAS IDE FAMILY HOTEL & FIEST-CLASS LODGING-HOUSE. TVTO expense or labour has been spared by the Proprietor. -*- * The house is furnished in the most modern style, is well supplied with Hot and Cold Baths, and replete with every accommodation suitable for Tourists to West Cornwall. All the Drawing Rooms command an uninterrupted and unsurpassed view of that * Beauteous gem set in the silver sea/ St. Michael's Mount, and the whole of the magnificent Bay. * Invalids will find in Mount's Bay House the comforts of a home, while the beauty and salubrity of the situation,, and its nearness to the charming walks on the sea-shore, render it a healthy and delightful residence. Suites of apartments for families of distinction. Choice Wines and Ales. Post Horses and Carriages. E. LAVIN, Proprietor. VICHY-LES-BAINS. GRAND HOTEL DU PARC, Proprietor, ME. GEBMOT, Opposite the Baths and the Park. AS in Paris and London, Vichy has its Grand Hotel. The Grand Hotel du Pare of Vichy, for comfort, elegance, and convenience, is equal to any of the large Hotels of Paris or London. Omnibus and Carriages at the Station. Separate Suites of Apartments for Families. DIEPPE. HOTEL DES BAINS (MORGAN), FACING the Sea and Baths, of the Highest Class, quiet, thoroughly recommendable. A large private House also on the beach for Families. MILAN. GEAND HOTEL DE MILAN, Grand Corso des Jardins.— An excellent and first-class house. Director, Mr. Camille Gavotto. 160 Bedrooms, 20 Drawing-rooms. Table-d'hoie, 4 francs, wine included. English, German, and French spoken. Omnibus at the Station. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 43 DIEPPE. HOTEL ROYAL, FACING THE BEACH, Close to the Bathing Establishment and the Parade. IT IS \ >VK I >F THE MOST PLEASANTLY SITUATED HOTELS 1 IX DIEPPE, commanding a beautiful and extensive View of the i. milies and Gentlemen visiting Dieppe will find at this Establish- ment elegant Large and Small Apartments, and the best of accommo- , at rery reasonable prices. The i -hments, &c., are of the best quality. In tact, this Hotel fully bears out and deserves the favourable opinion 3sed of it in Murray's and other Guide Books. - "Bote and Private Dinners. / PASSAGE OF MONT CENIS -•<>♦- SUSA TO ST. MICHEL {and vice versa). MR. JOSEPH BORGO. Carriages can be obtained for the crossing of Mont Ce'nis, from Susa to St Michel, or vice versa, on application to Mr. Joseph Borgo at TURIN— Grand Hotel de l'Europe. B USA — Hotel de France. ST. MICHEL— Railway Station and Hotel de la i'oste. Oarri „ r es of all kinds, to hold 2, 4, 5, and 7 persons. Travellers will find this the most com >le and hast fatiguing way of crossing this mountain, the | B being made in the same time as by the CoufilKR, %* Travellers will always find at the Station of 8L Michel an Agent of Mi;. BoBGO, oh arrival of the train. 1 1 44 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May. VENICE. GRAND HOTEL VICTORIA. (Formerly REGINA D'INGHILTERRA.) ROBERT ETZENSBERGER, Manager. THHE largest and finest Hotel in Venice, most conveniently situated near the Piazza S. Marco and the principal theatres. 180 Bed- rooms, Private Sitting-rooms, Reading-room, with Piano, Billiard-room, and JSmoking-room. Baths of every description, great comfort and cleanliness. Service on the Swiss system. Charges more moderate than in any other first-class Hotel. Arrangements for Pension, English spoken by all the Servants. MILAN. KEPOSITOKY OP PINE AKTS AND ANTIQUITIES. €wjlis(j gcgcntg for Special ano feneral Information. HOTEL ACCOMMODATION OR PRIVATE APARTMENTS Secured for Families. Mr. C. MANINI, 10, Corsia del Giardino, Milan. LUCHON (BAGNERES DE), PYRENEES. Grand Hotel Bonne-Maison et de Londres, Mr. VIDAL, Jim., Proprietor. Situated opposite the Thermal Establishment or Bath-rooms. This favourite and first-rate Hotel affords extensive accommodation of the best description for a large number of visitors. It is delightfully situated, and will be found most comfortable for Families or Gentlemen. 18- MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 45 METZ. MOTEL DL L'EUROPE. MR. MONIER, PROPRIETOR. This first-rate Hotel, much frequented by Families and Gentlemen, situated in the finest part of the town, near the Baih i<>n and Promenade, is replete with every comfort: apartments are tastefully and elegantly furnished. It is celebrated for its cleanlini '. attendance, and reasonable prices. Saloons, Reading, and Refreshment Rooms; Table I'Hdte .it l and 5 o'clock; Breakfasts and Dinners at all hours. Advantageous arrangements i<- with Famllli 9 during the Winter Season. In front of the Hotel there is a fine extensive Len and large court-Yard. Baths and carriages in the Hotel. Omnibuses and carri belonging to the Hotel convey passengers to and from the Railway Station. English, French, Italian, and Qera i n. Moderate prt Ml LAN. Hotel Cavour, Place Cavour 9 Just opposite the Public Gardens. KEPT BY J. SUARDI AND CO. This first-rat" Hotel is fitted up with every modern appliance, and situated in the finest part of Milan. It commands a fine view of the Promenade tear to the Station, the Grand Theatre, the National Museum, and the Protestant Church. Excellent Table-d'bftte. Chai very moderate. Baths on each floor. A Smoking and a Reading Room supplied with ton newspape: Omnibus of the Hotel at the arrival of all trains. Manager— G. VALLETTA. DIJON. HOTEL DU I 3 A TZ C PROPRIETORS— RIPARD BROTHERS. Has been ncvcly Furnished, and entire!)/ Refitted throughout, SITUATED IX THE CENTRE OF THE TOWN. LARGE AND SMALL APAUTMLNi OABDEB HKHIND THE HOTEL. Table-d'Hote at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. CARRIAGES FOR DRIVES IN THE TOWN OR COUNTRY. y.fi.—Askfor Uu >us of the Hotel on the arrival of the Train. VIENNA. GOR^V:VJD HOTEL NATIONAL, LE0P0LDSTADT. I- • Hundred richly fur: Apartm trying in prico from BO Krentzen orins, together with Coffee, Billiard, at; Recreation, provided witrj all the best .1 I Office, Go vern I -legrapb Office, and Pbotog r aphi i a la carte, at fixed pries at all hou gam carriag* adv for tl, of travellers, and Omnibuses constantly runn in g- largest in ^ th^ most d'-sirable advanU travel -llent accommodation, it Ls situated in I int and juri of u. lUunngcr* and I*i <)j>. irloi », Jiuth ami Jl ii) ««i . 46 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, MARSEILLES. GRAND HOTEL NOAILLES, KUE NOAILLES, CANNEBIEKE PEOLONGEE. J^OO THIS splendid establishment, the largest, most important, and most recent in Marseilles, must be reckoned in the first rank of European Hotels, from its admirable position, from its splendid furniture, the number of its bed-rooms and sitting-rooms, the excellence of its cuisine, its cleanliness, and strict attention paid to travellers. It is the only Hotel in the Rue Noailles which possesses a beautiful Garden full south, with 12 private Dining-rooms, and a magnificent Salle a. Manger capable of accommodating 200 persons ; Drawing-room, Reading-room, Smoking-room, &c. Baths in the Hotel, private Carriages, Omnibus of Hotel at the Station, Tariff. — Chambers elegantly furnished on all floors, from 3 francs on the entresol ; 5 francs 1st floor; 4 fanes 2nd floor; 3 francs on the 3rd floor; 2 francs on 4th floor. Table-d'hote richly ornamented and served with all the delicacies of the season, 4 francs; ^ bottle of burgundy, 1 franc. Meals served a la carte either in the bed or sitting-rooms at very moderate prices. Dinners at fixed prices at all hours from 5 francs. Arrangements can be made to include a good Bed-room Breakfast, Dinner at table-d'hote, lights, and service, from 9 francs per day, according to the Floor. Omnibus at the Station, 1 franc without luggage, 1 J franc with luggage. WILDBAD. Hotel Klumpp, formerly Hotel de l'Ours, Me. W. KLUMPP, Proprietor. THIS First-class Hotel, containing 36 Salons and 170 Bed-rooms,'a separate Breakfast, a very extensive and elegant Dining-room, new Reading and Conversation as well as Smoking Salons, with an artificial Garden over the river is situated opposite the Bath and Conversation House, and in the immediate vicinity of the Promenade. It is celebrated for its elegant and comfortable apartments, good cuisine and cellar, and deserves its wide-spread reputation as an excellent hotel. 1 able-d'hote at One and Five o'clock. Breakfasts and Suppers a la carte. EXCHANGE OFFICE. Correspondent of the principal Banking-houses of London for the payment of Circular Notes and Letters of Credit. Omnibus of the Hotel to and from each train. Elegant private carriages when required. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISKR. 47 PARIS. -o°* f'.O^ HOTEL DES DEUX MONDES ET D'ANGLETEEEE, 8, RUE D'ANTIN, A Efcar the Xaileriesj Place Yeiiclome, nml tlK* RoulrrnrclN This magnificent first-class Hotel, recently constructed and elegantly furnished in the newest and most fashionable style, surrounded by gardens, justifies the preference accorded to it by Families and Gentlemen for the splendour and comfort of its Apartments, its excellent Cuisine, and the care and atten- tion shown to all who honour the Hotel with their patronage. LARGE AND SMALL APARTMENTS, AND SINGLE ROOMS, AT MODERATE CHARGES. PRIVATE RESTAURANT. SPLENDID COFFEE-ROOMS, SALOONS, READING AND SMOKING ROOMS. LETTER-BOX. INTERPRETERS. BOSSES, ELEGANT CARRIAGES, OMNIBUSES FOR rilK RAILWAYS. 4* MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, FREIBURG in Bresgau, Duchy of Baden. HOTEL SOMMER, Zahringer Hof, Newly built, opposite the Station ; finest view of the Black Forest and the Vosges ; most comfortable and best house there. Baths in the Hotel. Proprietor, Mr. G. H. SOMMER. AMSTERDAM. BRACK'S DOELEN HOTEL— Situated in the Centre of the Town, and most convenient for Visitors on pleasure or business. It commands a splendid view of the Quays, &c. ; and, being conducted on a liberal scale, it is patronised by the highest classes of society in Holland. It is also much frequented by English Travellers for the com- fort and first-rate accommodation it affords, as well as for the invariable civility shown to visitors. Carriages for hire. Table-d'hote at half-past 4, or dinner ^ la carte. BRUXELLES. THE GRAND HOTEL DE SAXE, Rue Neuvb, 77 and 79, is J- admirably situated close to the Boulevards and Theatres, and is the nearest Hotel to the Railway Stations. The Hotel is considerably enlarged, and has a new Dining-room which will contain 300 persons. Fixed prices: — Plain Breakfast, li franc; Dinner at the Table- d'hote, 3£ francs; Bedrooms, from 2 to 4 francs; Service, I franc; Sitting-rooms, 3 to 12 francs ; Steaks or Cutlets, 1± franc. Travellers must beware of coachmen and conductors of omnibuses who endeavour to drive them to some other hotel. MENTON. HOTEL DE LA MEDITERRANEE, Avenue Victor Emmanuel. — This new and first-rate Hotel is situated full South, with view of the Sea. Families will find it a most desirable residence for its comfort and cleanliness. "Salon de Conversa- tion." Reading- room, with English and Foreign papers. The Servants speak English and other languages. N.B. — The English Church is in the garden. BIARRITZ. ■*<>•- HOTEL DE FRANCE, And the magnificent liaison Garderes. Proprietor, Mr. GAHDEKES. rpHESE two first -class Establishments are delightfully situated on the Beach, in front of the Imperial Chateau, the Baths, and in the centre of the Promenades. They are furnished in a most superior style, with every comfort and convenience that can be desired by English or American Tra- vellers. Moderate charges. The Proprietor speaks English. Carriages for Excursions in the Pyrenees and Spain. Table-d'hote. ' The Times ' newspaper. 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 49 TUEIN. GRAND HOTEMJE L'EUROPE. PROPRIETORS— MESSRS. BORATTI AND CASALEGGIO. Situated, Place du Chateau, opposite the King's Palace. rPHIS unrivalled and admirably conducted Hotel has been entirely refurnished with every comfort, and in the very best taste, and tlrus peculiarly recommends itself to the notice of English travellers. EXCELLENT TABLE-D'HOTE at 5i o'clock. Without Wine, 4 fr. ; Dinner in Apartments, 6 fir, ; Breakfast, with Tea or Coifee and Eggs, 2 fr. REDUCED TERMS FOR A LENGTHENED STAY. Interpreters speaking all the European Languages, CHARGES MODERATE. THE TI3IES NEWSPAPER. An Omnibus from the Hotel will be found at every Train. X.B. — A ! out in this Hotel vrhkb will render it one of the in In . noble marble staircase, a pr □ all r len door to grand entrance to deaden the sound in the new ca lie to. E 50 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, ■""»3R7 TINENF/t DORRELL & SON'S PASSPORT AGENCY, 15, CHARING CROSS, S.W. Every Information given respecting Travelling on the Continent. French and Italian spoken, and Correspondence carried on in either Language. British Subjects visit ing the Continent will save trouble and expense by obtaining their Pass- ports through the above Agency. No personal attendance is required, and country residents may have their Pass- ports forwarded through the post. A 'Passport Prospectus,' containing every particular in de Fee, Obtaining Passport, is. ; Visas, is. each. Cases, is. tail, by post, on applica- tion. Passports Mounted, and enclosed in Cases, with the name of the bearer impressed in gold on the outside ; thus af- fording security against injury or loss, and pre- venting delay in the frequent examination of the Passport when tra- velling. 6d. to bs. each. THE LATEST EDITIONS^ OF MURRAY'S HANDBOOKS. English and Foreign Stationery, Dialogue Books, Couriers' Bags, Pocket- books and Purses of every description, Travelling Inkstands, and a va- riety of other Articles useful for Travellers. THE ATHEN-aEUM. EVERY SATURDAY, OF ANY BOOKSELLER OR NEWS AGENT, PRICE THREEPENCE. Each Half- Yearly Volume complete in itself, with Title-Page and Index, THE ATHEN^UM JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, AND THE FINE ARTS. Contains : — Reviews of every important New Book — Reports of the Learned Societies — Authentic Accounts of Scientific Voyages and Expeditions — Foreign Correspondence on Subjects relating to Literature, Science, and Art — Criticisms on Art, Music, and Drama — Biographical Notices of dis- tinguished Men — Original Papers and Poems — Weekly Gossip. THE ATHENiETJM is so conducted that the reader, however distant, is, in respect to Literature, Science, and Art, on an equality in point of information with the best-informed circles of the Metropolis. Subscription for Twelve Months, 13s.; Six Months, 6s. 6d. If required to be sent by Post, the Postage extra. Office for Advertisements— 20, WELLINGTON STREET, STRAND, LONDON, W.C. ■,.-=«, 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 51 COURIERS AND TRAVELLING SERVANTS. THE ORIGINAL AGENCY, ESTABLISHED 1832. 440, WEST STRAND, LONDON, W.C. Patronized by the Nobility and General Travelling Public. GENTLEMEN and Families going abroad are respectfully informed that Couriers and Travell: vants for all Countries and of the highest character and experience may as heretofore always be engaged at the above Agency, where none are recommended again who have not given entire satisfaction to their previous employers, thus ensuring to parties about to travel who may honour the agency with their patronage, the greatest amount of usefulness, civility, and respect from those whom they may employ through it. MURRAY'S AND ALL THE OTHER GUIDES, MAPS, DICTIONARIES, DIALOGUES, GRAMMARS, fee., For All Countries. PORTMANTEAUX, HAT-CASES, and all sorts of TRAVELLING BA< And all the Requisites for Travellers, are kept on sale at LEE & CARTER'S ORIGINAL GUIDE AND TRAVELLERS' DEPOT, 440, WEST STRAND, LONDON, W.C. {nearly opposite the Charin : r 'ay)> WHERE ALL INFORMATION ABOUT PASSPORTS, ROUTES ETC., CAN ALWAYS BE OBTAINED. 52 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, LUCERNE. -+&+• HOTEL SCHWEIZERHOF. HAUSER BROTHERS, Proprietors. THE LARGEST HOTEL IN SWITZERLAND. Best Situation on the Quay, with splendid view of the cele- brated panorama of the Lake and Mountains. r FHE high reputation which this establishment enjoys among J- Travellers, and especially English and American families, is the best and strongest assurance of its superior arrangement and comfort. Its new immense Dining-Room, with adjoining Garden, Salon, and large Parlour, attract the attention of every Visitor. Reduced Prices (Pension) are made for longer visits in the early and later parts of the Season. HOMBOURG. HOTEL VICTOEIA, close to the Springs and the Kursaal, is one of the finest and best situated Hotels. The Proprietor, M. GUSTAVE WEIGAND, who has been for many years in first-class Hotels in London, offers to English travellers a good house, with every comfort. Excellent Table-d'hote and good Wines, at moderate charges. Sponge Baths. N.B. — All kinds of Wines are exported to any part of England, particularly his excellent Sparkling Wines (nice and dry, which are expressly prepared for England), called Victoria Sparkling Moselle and Hock. GENEVA, M - J/. HOTEL IDE LA OOXJROTVTSTE. Proprietor, C. ALDINGEK. 'THIS FIKST-CLASS ESTABLISHMENT, just newly fur- J- nished and fitted up throughout, offers Travellers a most extensive view of the Lake of Geneva, Mont Blanc, &c, from its position at the head of the magni- ficent new bridge. Every attention paid to the comfort and wishes of Families and Gentlemen. Active attendance, good cuisine and cellar. Tables-d'Hote at 1, 5, and 7 o'clock. English and American newspapers. The Omnibus of the Hotel meets every Train. ATHENS. GRAND HOTEL DES ETEANGERS, Near the Koyal Palace, In the most delightful situation, opposite the Royal Gardens, near the Palace. The best Hotel in Athens. Moderate prices ; good attendance. All languages spoken. Best guide, G. Pomoui. J/ 1868. MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. 53 ZURICH, HOTEL BELLEVUE AU LAC. Proprietor: C. GUYER. THIS splendid ami admirably conducted establishment, situ- ated on the Bhore of the Lake, commands, by its unsurpassed position, the bat view of the Lake, Alps, and Glaciers, ami oiTVrs, by its superior internal arrangements, the comforts of Private Apartments and Public Parlours, with careful, civil, and qniel attendants— all desirable attractions to travellers as a place of residence or of temporary sojourn. Pi ntiim at reduced J Olid arrau merUt ?nadc for families from October to July. JSotivv. — 12,3 A pajrfmenti facing the I^ake. bale! HOTEL DES TROIS ROIS. Proprietor, Mr. wald. 1THIS ancient and justly-renowned first-class Establishment is situated <>n the Rhine, and commands an extensive view of the JORA, the BLACK Fores v. and the Vos^.es, so that the eye may with one glance take a peep into Switzerland, Germ any, and France. The House is comfortable in every ct. READING and Smoking Rooms newly arranged. WARM BATH8. Mr. WALD* does all in his power to render the sojourn at his house as pleasant as possible. The Omnibu>es of the Hotel are always in attendance at the Railway Stations. LUGANO, SWITZERLAND -*c-«- HOTEL ET BELVEDERE DU PARC. Kept bt a. BEHA. THIS first-class HOTEL contains 150 81ee]#ng-Boomfl and intly furnished ; "S - de reunion ; an English chapel : and one of thi tiful Gardens in the country. The Hotel is very bly I for the 1 - 09. During the winter the Hall and landii warn improvements have been d rince last . by the addition of new Public Rooms, and numerous Apartments for Kamili r comfort desirable, BADEN-BADEN. VICTORIA MOTET.. Proprietor, Mr. FRANZ GROSHOLZ. TUTS lb one of the fines; boili and besl famished Pirst-cla on ti ennena il and Theatre ; it commands the most charming views 11 ■■ • ■ i to b Hotels in Germany. od Wi' prompt attendance and great civility. Prices v» glish and other Journals. 54 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, I ES BAD E N. FOUR SEASONS HOTEL & BATHS. PBOPBIETOB, BE. ZAIS. TPHIS First-Class Establishment, equal to any on the -*■ Rhine, is in the best and most delightful situation in the Great Square, opposite the Kursaal, the Theatre, the Promenades; close to the Boiling Spring; and the new English Chapel. This Hotel is the largest in the place, containing a great choice of SPLENDID AND COMFOETABLE APAETMENTS, for Families and Single Travellers ; exquisite Cuisine and first-class Wines, combined with attentive service and moderate charges. TABLE D'HOTE at 1 and 5 p.m., and PEIVATE DIOTEES. Numerous comfortable Bathing Cabinets, supplied with Hot, Mineral, and Sweet Waters. THE BEST BOOK THE BEST GIFT. cx£«tSoo— -^ Two vols., crown 8vo., 30s. cloth; 52s. 6d. calf; 63s. morocco. THE ILLUSTRATED FAMILY TESTAMENT. Edited, with a short practical Commentary, by Archdeacon Chur- ton, M.A., and Eev. W. Basil Jones, M.A. With 100 authentic Illustrations and Eight Panoramic Views of Places mentioned in the Sacred Text. ' The Commmentary is not less marked by accuracy and sound learning than by judgment, candour, and piety. We highly commend it.' — Guardian. i The idea of illustrating the Bible by really faithful representations of the places spoken of is a peculiarly happy one, for it is in fact a kind of com- mentary. The book is a work of very great elegance and sound scholarship. Of the illustrations it would be im- possible to speak in terms of praise sufficiently high.' — Union Review. 1 The names of Archdeacon Churton and Prebendary Jones will form an abundant guarantee of the learning and reverence brought to bear on the plain explanatory comments by which the text is accompanied/ — John Bull. JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMAELE STEEET. 18'" MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVF.RTISKl:. BRUSSELS. «*- HOTEL DE BELLE VUE. Proprietor, Mr. EDWARD DREMEL. 'TUTS magnificent Hotel, in offering to tho Visitor every kind of comfort and accommodation, has the great advantage of situated adjoining THE PALACE OF THE KING, and facing THE PLACE ROYALE AND THE PARK. It contains numerous large and small Apartments, as well as single Booms. Tabled- Hute, ricJdy served. Choice Wines. SMOKING ROOM. READING IlOOlf, Willi the brwt Belgian, BagHsfc, French, i German, ami American Daily Papers and Periodical*. Terraces, with Splendid View overlooking the Park. ARBAKOl S MADE FOR THE WINT] Mr. Dremkl, the new Proprietor of this Hotel, hopes to justify oee placed in him, 1 irefally arrang prompt and civil attendance, combined with moderate C 9. 56 MURRAY'S HANDBOOK ADVERTISER. May, 1868. THE ORIGINAL GUIDE AND TRAVELLERS' DEPOT, passport anft €anmxn f ^gntt;, NEAKLY OPPOSITE THE CHARING CROSS RAILWAY. ESTABLISHED 1832. LEE'S POLYGLOT WASHING BOOKS (To save the trouble of translating Washing Bills) For Ladies or Gentlemen, IN English & French. English & German. English & Italian. English & Spanish. English & Portuguese. SPONGE BAGS. METALLIC SOAP BOXES. Wixttr proof Coats. KNAPSACKS. FLASKS. Eailway Rugs, STRAPS, Courier |ESags. MONEY BAGS & BELTS. PURSES, WALLETS, SOVEREIGN AND NAPOLEON CASES. TRAVELLING TELESCOPES, Compasses, and Spectacles. PASSPORTS Procured, mounted on linen, and inserted in morocco cases, stamped with coronet or name, at the shortest notice, and forwarded by Post. Visas obtained and information given. The latest editions of Murray's Handbooks kept in the original binding, and in limp leather, more convenient for the pocket, at 2s. a volume extra. Trustworthy Couriers 'and Travelling Ser- vants can be engaged at LEE & CARTER' S, 440, WEST STRAND, W.O., TWO DOORS WEST OF THE LOWTHER ARCADE, Where an extensive collection of GUIDES, HANDBOOKS, MAPS, GRAMMARS, INTERPRETERS, WORD AND PHPvASE BOOKS, In most of the Continental Languages, and every article necessary for home and foreign travel, is kept in great variety. PORTMANTEAUX, HAT-CASES, CARPET BAGS, FITTED BAGS, PORTABLE BATHS, gdr- Cushions, pnssing & Minting Caaw, CAMP STOOLS, LUNCHEON BASKETS, LEG-RESTS, &c. &c. &c. J . g . MOORE'S GERMAN- INTERPRETER. With the exact pronunciation in English in a separate column. 5s. in cloth, or 6s. in leather. MANUSCRIPT &, ACCOUNT BOOKS. Metallic and other Pocket Books. Itoggag^akk DOOR FASTENERS. Patent Inkstands and Light Boxes. ELASTIC BANDS. Foreign Paper, ENVELOPES, Ac. POCKET PEN AND KELLER'S AND LEUTHOLD'S MAPS OF SWITZERLAND. STUDER'S MONTE ROSA. MAYR'S TYROL. N >