HOW TO RjAl^E 1VJOWEY 
 
 OUT OF 
 
 INVENTIONS 
 
 O 
 
 
 AN 
 
 
 ADVISER FOR PATENTEES. 
 
 Is 
 wear 
 
 (2/ 
 
 IV© 
 
 BY 
 
 AUGUST SOHEMMEL. 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 C. LeRoi, Printer, N. Cherry St. 
 1890. 
 
 
 
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HOW TO MAKE MONEY 
 
 OUT OF 
 
 INVENTIONS, 
 
 -AN- 
 
 ADVISER FOR PATENTEES, 
 
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 J 
 
 AUGUST SCHEMMEL. 
 
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 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 Chas. LeRoi, Printer, K. Cherry St. 
 
 1890. 
 

 IN DEX. 
 
 Chap. 
 
 1.— 
 
 2 
 
 3.— 
 
 4 — 
 
 5.- 
 6.— 
 
 7.- 
 
 9— ' 
 
 10. 
 11. 
 
 12. 
 13. 
 14. 
 15. 
 16. 
 
 17. 
 18. 
 19. 
 20. 
 21. 
 
 PART I. Page. 
 
 Please Head 5 
 
 Useful and interesting; 9 
 
 What is a patent? 22 
 
 Who can receive a patent ? 24 
 
 When, must foreign patents be applied for ? 26 
 
 How long do patents last? 28 
 
 Of great importance to owners of foreign patents.... 29 
 When is an inventor allowed to manufacture and 
 sell an article for which patent has been applied ?... 
 
 The value of a patent 
 
 The kind of inventions that find good sale in for- 
 eign countries 
 
 Different possibilities to make money out of patents, 
 If an inventor would sell his patent, what must he 
 
 think of most? 41 
 
 How the patentee can find a purchaser 44 
 
 How much per cent, is the average royalty? 45 
 
 To find a partner. 46 
 
 To borrow money 48 
 
 The founding of a stock company and the selling 
 
 of stocks 49 
 
 What is the best way to introduce patents ? 51 
 
 About advertisements 55 
 
 A grand success 57 
 
 Good advice 59 
 
 Model contracts 62 
 
 32 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 38 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Addresses — (more than three thousand): 
 
 Agents for manufacturers 71 
 
 Arms 81 
 
 Barbers' and Dentists' chairs 82 
 
 Bicycles and Tricycles 82 
 
 Billiard table manufacturers 82 
 
 Bitters manufacturers 82 
 
 Blacki n g m an ufacturers 82 
 
 Boat builders 83 
 
Addresses — Continued. Page. 
 
 Boilermakers 83 
 
 Bond and blank certificates 83 
 
 Brass works 83 
 
 Car builders 84 
 
 Carriage and wagon manufacturers 84 
 
 Chemical works 86 
 
 Electrical instruments 87 
 
 Elevator manufacturers 91 
 
 Furnace factories 92 
 
 Furniture manufacturers 93 
 
 Gas and oil stove factories 9ft 
 
 Hardware, Cutlery, Springs, etc 96 
 
 Iron works and foundries 97 
 
 Lamp and gas burner manufacturers 108 
 
 Lamp and lantern manufacturers 108 
 
 Lock manufacturers 110 
 
 Locomotive builders Ill 
 
 Machinery manufacturers (Agricultural) Ill 
 
 Cable railway machinery 113 
 
 Electric light 113 
 
 Gas machines (Gas Works.) 114 
 
 Hydraulic machinery.. 115 
 
 Machinery in general 116 
 
 Model making 120 
 
 News Papers 120 
 
 Novelty manufacturers , 125 
 
 Paint and co'or manufacturers 126 
 
 Patent medicine manufacturers 127 
 
 Refrigerator manufacturers 128 
 
 Saddlery, Harness, etc 129 
 
 Sewing machine manufacturers 129 
 
 Steam engine man ufacturers 1 29 
 
 Stea m heat i n g 130 
 
 Steam pump manufacturers.. 131 
 
 Stock Brokers 131 
 
 Stove manufacturers 135 
 
 Tinware manufacturers 136 
 
 Tool manufacturers 137 
 
 Toy manufacturers 137 
 
 Turners 138 
 
 Ventilators 138 
 
 Washing machines, wringers, etc 139 
 
PLEASE READ. 
 
 As generally the introduction is not read, I put 
 the above caption over mine. So far as I am aware, 
 no author has ever tried to write a help and guide to 
 inventors, though every inventor must acknowledge 
 that such a guide is necessary. The position of most 
 inventors, I find after long observation, to be the fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 In a lucky moment the invention was born. With 
 hard toil of perhaps months and years the inventor 
 worked at the product of his mind before it was fin- 
 ished. Full of hope, he has at length completed it, 
 and waits for the granting of his patent. That happy 
 moment comes. He has his patent. Yes, but what 
 now ? He must make the patent profitable, and that 
 is often very difficult. Sometimes all trials are una- 
 vailing, and why ? Because he did not introduce it 
 himself. It is a well known fact that no one can 
 speak as well for a thing as the inventor himself. No 
 one can explain all the uses and value of an invention 
 as he can. It is therefore not advisable to trust to a 
 stranger anything that can be done by the inventor. 
 
To help and advise inventors I have printed this 
 book. In it will be found all that is necessary for 
 the realization of an invention : The names of thous- 
 ands of firms, which will be of use for the selling of 
 patents ; brokers, if one wants to sell stocks ; news- 
 papers, for advertisements ; and contract formulas. 
 In fact the inventor can find in it every thing that is 
 necessary to enable him to help himself. Wherever 
 I could I have given examples, so as to make it more 
 clear, and also to make the reading matter as inter- 
 esting and attractive as possible, and to show what 
 this or that inventor was capable of doing. 
 
 -^BS* 
 
m mm ((km ((km ((km ((km ((km ((km ((km \(k 
 
 ®) 
 
 ® 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 USEFUL AND INTERESTING. 
 
 TT is an old truth, that the ability to invent and 
 ^i the capacity to turn the invention into money, 
 is very seldom united in one head — just as schol- 
 arship and philosophy rarely stand together. Though 
 an inventor must have technical knowledge, in most 
 cases, still his mind takes a different turn from that 
 of a merchant and seller. While the eye of the in- 
 ventor looks thoughtfully on the problem of his mind, 
 the merchant looks in the distance. On account of 
 this difference it is easily explained why the mer- 
 chant's view of an invention is quite different from 
 that of the inventor. The merchant regards the in- 
 vention as he would any other salable article, though 
 he too can be mistaken in its value ; but the inven- 
 tor sees his invention only through the eyes of a 
 lover, or as a mother would her child, or an author 
 his book. To this physiological discord, in regard 
 to the value of the invention, others are added from 
 the circle of criticizers, which help to tangle up the 
 opinion. Even the locomotive, steamboat, and the 
 sewing machine had much skepticism to conquer. 
 
We must excuse if many inventors meet us with a 
 great deal of self-consciousness. The world has 
 sinned much more through its unbelief than inven- 
 tors have by their over-estimation. The goal of the 
 inventor is generally the making of money, so he al- 
 ways tries to sell or use his patent in the most ad- 
 vantageous way. 
 
 The needs of inventors, whom study or accident 
 gave a lucky idea, are vastly different. Not every 
 invention can be used, and not every idea is an in- 
 vention. How many old ideas are thought about as 
 new, and how many people are working on a " per- 
 petuum mobile" yet? "Not every ignorant man is 
 a dunce," Seume says, and so it happens that many 
 a learned head tries problems which will never bring 
 him any good. Any help which prevents the throw- 
 ing away of money, time and wisdom is therefore a 
 great boon. 
 
 One could ask, when will the period come when 
 nothing more can be invented, when everything is 
 so good that no improvement is necessary? To this 
 I will answer, that as soon as a land stops to make 
 progress it is going backward. Inventions arise out 
 of the discoveries of wisdom. As this always shows 
 the material in new and different lights, so inventions 
 help to give us new uses for them. The develop- 
 ment of inquiry for many necessities, is the attrac- 
 tion to find out something new and better. Even 
 the labor question has supported the progress of in- 
 vention; especially the United States have shown 
 that high wages aid the advance of machine work, 
 and, through this, have a good effect on industry. 
 The area of inventions and the development of them 
 
 TO 
 
is so great that the human mind has, and always 
 will, find something new. It is a good sign of our 
 culture that industrial advance must not always be 
 paid with the martyrdom of the person, but that it 
 often helps him up to a fortune and social standing. 
 Inventors stand on a level with statesmen and schol- 
 ars, and those who inherit wealth and title ; for the 
 good derived from inventions, and the energy and 
 sharpness of mind which is bestowed on them is not 
 behind science or statesmanship. 
 
 That one can earn money, and sometimes a great 
 deal of it, through inventions is only the acquirement 
 of the last century. The ancient records do not tell 
 how much this or that celebrated philosopher, poet 
 or artist earned. The middle ages, also, do not re- 
 cord much of the private life and financial standing 
 of inventors. Under the progress and intercourse 
 of city life, and the influence of geographical and 
 scientific discoveries, industry makes advances which 
 the ancients never thought of. Art enriched itself 
 with oil-painting and the many engravings; strategy 
 with new weapons and ways of transport; house- 
 furnishers with beautiful fire-places, expensive car- 
 pets and articles of luxury out of glass, delfware and 
 metals. Goldsmiths wrought, with wonderful pa- 
 tience, things which will even now create envy. The 
 most valuable thing on earth, time, was obliged to 
 submit to a more complete control through watches 
 and clocks. Human thought was penned up in the 
 insignificant little signs which typography called into 
 life. 
 
 The middle ages record more of the life and earn- 
 ings of painters, sculptors, architects and alchemists 
 
 1 1 
 
than of inventors. Any way, the inventors could 
 not make money until the state granted them a right 
 of possession. Such a right was first issued in the 
 sixteenth century, by a state which was very anxious 
 to advance in industry. In England the first patent 
 was granted in 1623, though, of course, this was a 
 very simple thing, called a privilege, and was 
 granted to the inventor for a certain number of 
 years. In the year 1791 the first was granted 
 in France. Germany had introduced patents al- 
 ready in the beginning of the century, but each 
 little state had its own way of granting them, and 
 therefore in no land was the invention protected 
 as little as in Germany. In July, 1877, there first 
 appeared a united German patent law. 
 
 This is not the place to make war against the 
 betrayer of invention rights, and still less to carry 
 it on in the one-sided way that is generally the 
 case. It has no, or very little value to defend 
 or assail the invention right without regarding 
 its relation to other rights. Though the patent 
 right is very incomplete, still it is better than 
 none. Without a patent no invention can bring 
 money to the inventor. A great hindrance to the 
 introduction of new inventions is the " practical 
 man." By this I do not mean the man who works 
 in his special field until he masters it ; he has theo- 
 retical knowledge enough, if not to invent new 
 things, still to accept what others invent. This is 
 the real practical man, and he can only be praised. 
 But the practical man, as one generally understands, 
 is one who knows all about his article, but nothing 
 else. His look only goes as far as the old; he will 
 
 12 
 
not acknowledge the newest improvements ; even 
 the greatest new invention he only calls plan-making. 
 When he finds that an invention is really useful, he 
 will sulkily accept it, so as not to be too far behind 
 the others. But never would he give his money and 
 time for things that the whole world had not already 
 found good. It is this practical man, as I have said 
 before, who is a hindrance to improvements. For 
 years he kept back the use of smelting oven-gases, 
 and it is his fault that now so much of this gas is al- 
 lowed to escape. It was such a man who, when the 
 optical telegraph was invented, said, " Do not use 
 this manner of correspondence. I am a practical 
 man, and I believe that the best way is to sit down, 
 write a letter, give it to a messenger and put this man 
 on a horse." In the next generation his follower 
 would say of the telegraph with its unseen power for 
 transmitting sound: "I do not believe in your un- 
 seen power. I am a practical man, and believe only 
 in the optical telegraph, which I can see working." 
 Just so the practical man acted when they showed 
 him the Siemens regenerator oven. "Nonsense," 
 he said, "you turn coals to gas and then burn them 
 again? I am a practical man, and when I want heat 
 I light my coals and burn them." No better did he 
 think of the Bessemer steel. The behavior of the 
 practical man has also the following reason: If 
 anybody comes to him with improvements and offers 
 them to him, it offends him, and he cannot under- 
 stand how a stranger, and a man perhaps younger 
 than he, who, it may be, does not understand every 
 thing of the branch which he wants to improve, can 
 make any inventions in it. 
 
 1 3 
 
Sometimes the owners of large establishments are 
 technical men, but generally they only think of the 
 selling part. In such cases the decision falls to the 
 lot of the headman, who is often, for some reason or 
 other, a practical man. 
 
 Of course, it is true that more than one-half of 
 the patents are useless ; still the advance of the na- 
 tion is dependent on them. The army and the navy, 
 the whole strength of the nation depends on the rest- 
 less, eager inventors. Many inventions are sup- 
 pressed through the efforts of the practical man. 
 Think of Bessemer ! Long years he worked in vain. 
 The practical man laughed at him, and put many 
 hindrances before him, but he won. Did Watt, 
 Stephenson or Faraday have any better lot ? 
 
 Many professional inventors ought to be sup- 
 pressed, but still it is always better to endure them 
 than to act like the practical man, who watches an- 
 other build a house without helping him in the least, 
 and, when it is finished, is ready to move in, and 
 even like the cuckoo, crowd out the rightful owner 
 and live in it alone. 
 
 The inventors, hurt because the money and the 
 people do not run after them, very often because 
 they do not know how to use their patent profitably, 
 especially if it is a foreign one, permit their self- 
 assurance to sink slowly to the freezing point. They 
 forget when they have to bring their patent to the 
 market, and that the taxes are not paid, so little by 
 little the patent becomes void, and leaves the owner 
 nothing but the knowledge that he once possessed 
 patents. Often it is the inventor's fault, who, after 
 giving much money toward making the patent, does 
 
 !4 
 
not give enough to advertise it. He thinks that 
 millions of people have been waiting for his patent, 
 and will receive it gladly and pay thousands for it. 
 
 The value of an invention lies not always in its 
 real worth or the wisdom and energy of its inventor, 
 though this is nearly always the case. Luck plays 
 an important part, but I will not say that it always 
 helps those who are forsaken by Minerva. 
 
 To lay an invention before the eyes of the world 
 and keep it there, one needs a firm will and a firm 
 belief in the thing itself. The plain idea of an inven- 
 tion can arise out of many reasons, and is not always 
 the principal thing; it can be the result of hard study 
 or of an accident. 
 
 Now and then an original mind strikes a new vein 
 and gives the inventive human a mighty impulse 
 which lasts through centuries Most of the inven- 
 tions are not entirely new, but only modifications and 
 improvements of old ideas known to very few and 
 not in public use. When we read the story of me- 
 chanic inventions, we often see a new idea which 
 suddenly vanishes and is not heard of any more 
 until some one, on account of the needs of his time, 
 commences it anew and following the footprints of 
 the others, makes it successful. There are inven- 
 tions which are invented before their time, these are 
 projects which, because there are not means enough 
 to complete them, must wait until they are needed. 
 This explains why many inventors now can do what 
 their predecessors were unable to do. Louis Napo- 
 leon says the following on this subject: "Inven- 
 tions which are ahead of their time must remain un- 
 used until the common intelligence rises up to them." 
 
 15 
 
The circumstance that most inventions are products 
 of the past is used by a kind of socialistic law to put 
 down the fame of inventors and even to try to assail 
 the patent rights. Of the first part of this attack, 
 which assails the fame of an inventor, Reuleaux, the 
 famous author of the Kinematic, remarks: "When 
 I would try to show how new machines and new 
 mechanisms are built, I do not intend to put down 
 the value of inventions in the machine field. I only 
 would find for the inventive head new and valuable 
 means to work. I want to raise the ideas, not to 
 put them down. Only one who has not invented 
 old things, that is, spent much time on a subject and 
 then found that some other person had made that 
 before, can look down on inventors that have done 
 this. Often they say it is the inventor's fault, but it 
 is very easy to do this." 
 
 The ownership right of inventors has as just a 
 claim as all the other rights. Some one can acci- 
 dently discover a mine, and yet the law gives him 
 sole right to it. 
 
 The right of patent ownership is the simplest 
 among its fellows. The proud right of the land 
 owner is first, and is followed by the simpler of the 
 capitalists, the mine owners, the authors, the artists, 
 and last of the whole row the much abused, limited, 
 highly taxed inventors It plays the role that philos- 
 ophy has under the sciences, according to Kant. 
 Though the queen of them all, it carries the light for 
 others. 
 
 What an invention is, and especially a new inven- 
 tion, people never agree about. As before mention- 
 ed, there are very few entirely new ideas, which no 
 
 >§ 
 
man has thought about, and which would sink the 
 words of Ben Akiba, " There is nothing new under 
 the sun," into the ground. 
 
 The writings of gone centuries have in them 
 thoughts and ideas which are very much like ours. 
 For instance, in the works of the learned monk, 
 Bacon, we find these interesting remarks : "I will 
 point out some of the wonders of beautiful nature, 
 which are no magic art, and which no magic art could 
 produce. There may be instruments made with whose 
 help one man can make a ship sail faster than those 
 filled with sailors. One may make a wagon which 
 will ride with unbelievable fastness without horses or 
 any other animal in front of it. And flying machines 
 will be constructed in which a man can sit comforta- 
 bly and fly above in the air like a bird. A little ma- 
 chine will be invented with whose help a man can 
 pull thousands of his fellow-creatures even against 
 their will, to himself. Also, machines with whose 
 help man will be enabled to descend into the depths 
 of the ocean without danger." 
 
 This one extract shows us that our forefathers had 
 just as many ideas and just as good ones as we, and 
 that it would be very hard to say and prove that any 
 idea we now have is absolutely new. Between an 
 idea of an invention and an invention itself is a great 
 step. By some inventions the central point is the 
 idea, in others the practical development of it. For 
 instance, after the treatment of vulcanization and 
 hardening of India rubber was invented, out of these 
 few inventions ever so many others were made ; the 
 India rubber was used as water-tight material, elastic 
 beds, and many other things ; almost in every busi- 
 
 17 
 
ness it is needed. It is made into jewelry, stamps, 
 billiard balls, and pressed articles of many kinds. In 
 short, the ideas were here the principal things, and 
 not the technical difficulties. 
 
 We are satisfied with saying that all things are new 
 inventions if they are a good deal different from any 
 thing of the same kind already invented. Accord- 
 ingly, if the difference is large we call it a new inven- 
 tion ; if smaller, an improvement or an enlargement. 
 As soon as the first sewing machine was made this 
 idea was not new any more ; perhaps even before 
 Howe had made his first model, others had thought 
 that an iron tailor would be very good, and, may be, 
 some had tried to make one, without success. Not- 
 withstanding, hundreds of sewing machines were 
 patented, for each one had a little originality. 
 
 Who, in our time, has any special work and does 
 not try to know at least a little about the improve- 
 ments and new inventions in his branch, must be a 
 very strange man. However, just the inventors are 
 very little inclined to compare their ideas with other 
 people's, and study about their branch. Often the 
 inventor is not even very well acquainted with the 
 profession he wishes to reform. Arkwright had, for 
 instance, no idea of textile industry, and only his firm 
 will to complete his invention, helped him through the 
 many difficulties and made him a rich man in the end. 
 Leblanc, the founder of the soda industry, was a doc. 
 tor; Paxton, whom we must thank for the first world's 
 fair building, was a gardner ; Armstrong, inventor 
 of the cannon of the same name, was a lawyer ; and 
 so we could give many other examples in almost every 
 branch of industry. It is a plain and well known 
 
 18 
 
fact, that the men who invented the greatest military 
 improvements were peaceable citizens and not soldiers 
 as we might suppose. Just as little as engineers 
 invented powder, guncotton, or dynamite ; it was not 
 they who contrived the torpedo, the field telegraph, 
 and many other things so essential to our modern 
 strategy. All these inventions came from private 
 technologists. All these things must be regarded, if 
 one has to judge inventions of amateurs. If there 
 is a little doubt on the part of professionals, still they 
 should always bear the above mentioned facts in 
 mind. 
 
 The examination of an invention to find out 
 whether it is new or not must be treated in various 
 ways, if you want to find out in foreign lands or in 
 your own country. For when an invention is found 
 new in one country and is protected through a patent, 
 this may not be the case in other countries, and what 
 is really new in one may be long invented in another, 
 or even obsolete. It is astonishing, sometimes, how 
 long it takes for a thing that is really useful, to find 
 its way from one country to another. Before the 
 sewing machine came into use in Europe, eight years 
 had passed, and while England and America used 
 steam-engines, it took long for the continent to fol- 
 low. 
 
 It is not always the great inventions that bring 
 riches ; no, quite simple, common things of daily 
 use. Even more or less useless things can make a 
 pretty good profit if they are patented. During the 
 world's fair in Philadelphia an American named 
 Cooke had a so-called continental fan, in the shape of 
 an American eagle, patented and sold the fan at five 
 
 J 9 
 
cents a piece, selling 700,000 fans, and making 
 considerable profit. Great inventions do not always 
 pay immediately. Bessemer used up many thousands 
 of dollars before he got even a penny out of it, and 
 if he had then lost patience and stopped putting 
 money in he would have lost all. 
 
 As the inventing and trying of a patent is the tech- 
 nologist's part, so the selling and making into money 
 is the merchant's. In short, after a man has invented 
 something he must turn into a speculative merchant 
 to sell it. To give rules for the sale of a patent is 
 very hard and nearly impossible. Examples of how 
 others use theirs is the best way to find out. There- 
 fore, in another chapter I have mentioned some. In 
 most cases, however, the talent and luck of the per- 
 son must help. 
 
 Not always, nay, scarcely ever, has the patent 
 holder money enough to build a factory for his article 
 himself. Very often he has to ask for help to be able 
 to patent it. The way to find out who will lend 
 money, is to advertise in the newspapers. In many 
 cases active partners are not necessary, and one finds 
 often private gentlemen, widows with some capital, 
 and clerks, the most willing to assist in the manufac- 
 ture of a good article, and by it increase their pro- 
 perty. These, of course, are also the people who 
 are cheated out of their little money by swindlers, 
 because they are simple and believe easily. The story 
 of great sensational patents and inventions is often a 
 swindle. I know a case of a man who, with the help of a 
 refusal of the patent office, of which he showed only 
 the upper half, succeeded in making a good natured 
 banker lend him fifteen hundred dollars ; another in- 
 
 20 
 
ventor of this kind entrapped a harmless restaurant 
 keeper and swindled him out of sixteen hundred 
 dollars. Every good idea may be misused, and we 
 mention the above for the good of patent holders and 
 inventors, to show them that it is not always an active 
 man who will lend them money. 
 
 At the end we will say what good patents do for 
 some classes. In what degree they are useful among 
 working men, one can read out of the report of an 
 English manufacturer. He tells first, that though he 
 possesses many patents, he never invented anything, 
 but that he bought them all. Poor men and working 
 people were those whom he bought patents from. In 
 his whole neighborhood he knew of no employer who 
 had invented anything. Once he went into a poor 
 hut and there found a man working on a machine 
 which was fastened to a wooden chair, the only one 
 in the house. This machine was patented and he 
 himself was the owner of the patent. 
 
 21 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 
 WHAT IS A PATENT? 
 
 With the name "Patent," " Erfindungs-Privile- 
 gium, (invention privilege,)" "Brevet s. g. d. g. , 
 (sans garantie du gouvernement, without guarantee of 
 the government,)" one designates the received per 
 mission to manufacture a newly invented article, or 
 to make anything with a new process, during a certain 
 number of years, in a certain country. The receiv- 
 ing of such a privilege and the holding of it during 
 the longest time is dependent on the fulfillment of 
 certain things. 
 
 These patent laws fall into two groups, one the 
 application and the other the examination. 
 
 The application used in Belgium, England, France, 
 Italy, Luxemburg, Norway, Austria, Portugal, Swe- 
 den, and Spain, does not give the patent holder the 
 least guarantee that his patent is new. It simply 
 consists : that with the addition of a patent taxes 
 receipt, description, and perhaps drawings and model, 
 the inventor presents to the magistrate a petition to 
 grant or give a patent to the invention described. If 
 this petition and the description, drawings, etc., are 
 written and sent in a formally correct style the patent 
 
 22 
 
will be granted, without an examination to find out 
 whether it is new or not ; it being supposed that it is 
 new, If, now, after some time, perhaps, it is found 
 that the invention was not new it gets void and is lost. 
 The examination, at present only used in America, 
 Canada, Denmark, Germany and Russia, is not only 
 in regard to the formally right application, but also to 
 the newness of the invention, and in America, Cana- 
 da and Russia it e^en regards the usefulness. 
 
 But not even this examination can give a positive 
 guarantee, for even the patent officers may overlook 
 something, and the patented invention may not be 
 new. Any way it gives a greater security and cer- 
 tainty of the validity of the patent than an unexam- 
 ined one. The invalid declaration of a patent can 
 occur during any time between the granting of the 
 patent and its expiration, and may happen because it 
 is not new, or because the inventor carelessly forgot 
 to pay the dues. In most cases there must be a third 
 person who hands in the declaration and gives the 
 evidence. 
 
 23 
 
CHAPTER III. 
 
 WHO CAN RECEIVE A PATENT. 
 
 We must distinguish — 
 
 a Invention patents. 
 b Introduction patents. 
 c Improvement patents. 
 d Addition patents. 
 
 a Under invention patents, to distinguish them 
 from introduction patents, one understands the first 
 privilege to manufacture an article in any country. 
 This is granted without caring what nationality the 
 applicant is, whether a foreigner or a citizen of 
 America, Belgium, Canada, Germany, England, 
 France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Russia, Sweden or 
 Spain, but only to the original inventor, or his de- 
 scendants and substitutes. 
 
 In Luxemburg, only to a native inventor. 
 
 If a man who is not authorized has applied for 
 and received a patent, the real owner and inventor 
 can dispute with him for the patent. 
 
 In Denmark and Norway, the one who mentions 
 or applies first to the magistrate. 
 
 b Introduction patents are those which are patent- 
 ed in foreign countries, and are now sought for in this 
 
 24 
 
country, therefore are applied for after the first pat- 
 ent is gained. These can be applied for and re- 
 ceived by any one who is first, excepting in America, 
 Canada and Sweden, where they are only given to 
 the foreign inventor or his descendants, and in Aus- 
 tria, only the foreign patent holder or lawful de- 
 scendants can get it. 
 
 c Improvement patents are patents on improve- 
 ments of already patented inventions, without hin- 
 dering the rights of a third, and everybody can re- 
 ceive them. In Russia, however, during the length 
 of the original patent, only the holder can get an im- 
 provement patent. In some other states a certain 
 time is reserved for the holder of the principal pat- 
 ent, during the limits of which he alone can get a 
 patent on an improvement of his article. In France, 
 one year; in Italy, six months; in Portugal, one 
 year. 
 
 d Addition patents are improvement patents which 
 in Belgium, Germany, France, Italy and Spain, are 
 granted as additions to already existing patents. 
 These only the holder of the original patent can re- 
 ceive. They are not subject to yearly taxes. 
 
 25 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 
 WHEN MUST FOREIGN PATENTS BE AP- 
 PLIED FOR? 
 
 In France. — Before the invention is anywhere de- 
 scribed through prints, or is in any way 
 published so that any expert third can 
 make it. 
 
 In Spain. — Invention patent for 20 years. — As 
 the above, with the further rule that the in- 
 vention must not be patented in any other 
 country before the application. 
 
 In Spain. — Invention patent for 10 years. — At the 
 latest, within two years after a patent has 
 been granted in another country. 
 
 In Belgium. 
 
 For invention patents. 
 
 Before the invention has come 
 into use in any country, or is 
 )■ anywhere described through 
 prints or is published so as to 
 enable an expert third to make 
 it. 
 
 In Denmark. 
 In Germany. 
 In Italy. 
 In Luxemburg. 
 In Norway. 
 In Sweden. 
 In Portugal. 
 In Russia. 
 
 26 
 
Before the invention is manu- 
 In England. factured by a third, or brought 
 
 In Austria. <- t0 sa ' e 5 or if li ls so described 
 
 as to enable an expert third to 
 
 make it. 
 
 In Canada. — Within a year after it is patented in 
 another country. 
 
 1 For introduction patents 
 
 Before the invention is man- 
 
 In Portugal 
 In Russia. 
 In Spain, 
 
 ufactured or used in the coun- 
 J try. 
 
 I would especially advise the patentee to be very 
 careful in applying for patents in foreign countries. 
 Only apply for them in a certain order, to make them 
 last as long as possible. 
 
 27 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 
 HOW LONG DO PATENTS LAST? 
 
 *1 
 
 c In America 17 years. 
 
 c In Belgium 20 
 
 J In Canada 15 
 
 In Denmark 5-10 
 
 In Denmark, introduction patents, . 5 
 
 In Germany 15 
 
 c In England '. .14 
 
 : In France 15 
 
 : In Italy .15 
 
 : In Luxemburg 15 
 
 In Norway 5-10 
 
 c In Austria 15 
 
 In Portugal 15 
 
 In Portugal, introduction patents . . 5 
 
 In Russia 3-10 
 
 In Russia, introduction patents . .1-6 
 
 c In Sweden 3 _I 5 
 
 In Spain 20 
 
 In Spain 10 
 
 In Spain, introduction patents . . 5 
 
 Introduction patents become void in the countries 
 marked thus * at the same time with the first invalid 
 and first applied for foreign patent; in all states 
 where nothing is mentioned they last as long as in- 
 vention patents. 
 
 Addition patents never last longer than their orig- 
 inal or invention patent. 
 
 *1 
 
 28 
 
CHAPTER VI. 
 
 OF GREAT IMPORTANCE TO OWNERS OF 
 FOREIGN PATENTS. 
 
 In the patent laws of all foreign countries, with the 
 exception of Germany's, is a paragraph which says 
 that if a patent, through any circumstance whatever, 
 should become void, the patent in this land will also 
 expire ; in other words, if in Belgium, for instance, 
 the owner forgets to pay the tax or neglects anything 
 and the patent is lost, he will also lose it in all other 
 countries, with, of course, the exception of Germany. 
 The principal reason that so many patents are lost is 
 because the owner forgets to pay the yearly tax. We 
 therefore mention all the countries where it is ex- 
 acted : 
 
 i. Belgium, 10 francs, and for every following 
 year 10 francs more; that is, for the second year 20 
 francs, third year 30 francs, etc. 
 
 2. Germany, for the first and second years, 50 
 marks, and then for the other years, an advance of 
 50 marks per year, making 100 marks for the third, 
 150 marks for the fourth year, etc. 
 
 3. France, 100 francs every year. 
 
 4. Italy, for the first year^ 5olires, for the 2~3d 
 years, 50 lires; for the 4th-6th years, 75 lires; for 
 the 7th~9th years, 100 lires; for the ioth-i2th years, 
 125 lires; for the 13th- 15th years, 145 lires. 
 
 29 
 
5. Austria, for each of the first five years, 26,25 
 florins; for the 6th year, 39.37 florins; for the 7th 
 year, 46 florins; for the 8th year, 52.50 florins; for 
 the 9th year, 59 florins; for the 10th year, 65.63 
 florins; for the nth year, 78.75 florins; for the 12th 
 year, 91.87 florins; for the 13th year, 105 florins; 
 for the 14th year, 118. 13 florins; for the 15th year, 
 131.25 florins 
 
 6. Russia, for the first year, 90 rubles; for the 2d 
 year, 120 rubles; for the 3d year, 180 rubles; for 
 the 4th year, 240 rubles ; for the 5th year, 300 
 rubles ; for the 6th year, 360 rubles. 
 
 7. Spain, for the first year, 100 pesetas, and for 
 each following year, an advance of 10 pesetas per 
 year. 
 
 Furthermore, a correct patent can be lost through 
 the following reasons: 
 
 A special examination to find out whether the ar- 
 ticle is new or not takes place in very few countries. 
 This examination, and the patent afterwards re- 
 ceived, does not guarantee that the patent is abso- 
 lutely new and valid to its end. Everybody in this 
 country, as well as in those where no examination 
 takes place, has the right to insist on its annulment 
 if he thinks it is not new, and if he can prove it old 
 it is annulled. 
 
 In England a patent which has several new points 
 gets void if one of the points was old when the pat- 
 ent was applied for. 
 
 If an inventor and patent-holder expects such a 
 writ of error, they can meet it with a disclaimer be- 
 fore it has been presented at court. 
 
 30 
 
In England and France it is lost if the invention 
 proves to be useless. 
 
 If the patent is not renewed in time in Canada, 
 England, Italy, Luxemburg, Austria and Portugal it 
 is lost. 
 
 It is lost if the inventor has not manufactured the 
 article in the given times, as follows : 
 
 Belgium, within i year after the manufacture in 
 another country. 
 
 Canada, within 2 years after receiving the patent. 
 Denmark, " 1 " 
 
 Germany, " 3 " " " " 
 
 France, " 2 " " " " 
 
 Italy, " 1 " " " " 
 
 If the patent is of shorter duration than six years. 
 
 Italy, within 2 years after receiving the patent if it 
 last six years and longer. 
 
 Luxemburg, within 2 years after receiving patent. 
 Norway, " 2 " " " " 
 
 Austria, " 1 " " " " 
 
 Portugal, within the first half of the duration of the 
 patent, for invention patents. 
 
 Portugal, within 1 year after receiving the patent, 
 for introduction patent. 
 
 Russia, within the first quarter of the duration of 
 the patent. 
 
 Sweden, within 2 years after receiving the patent. 
 Spain, " 2 " " " 
 
 In France and Canada, if the patent-holder and 
 
 3 1 
 
his partners import the article into those countries, or 
 if it is imported with their knowledge. 
 
 In Germany, if the state buys it for use in the 
 army, fleet or for the public welfare, and in Portugal, 
 if it is useful to the public. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 WHEN IS AN INVENTOR ALLOWED TO 
 MANUFACTURE AND SELL AN AR- 
 TICLE FOR WHICH PATENT 
 HAS BEEN APPLIED? 
 
 In all countries, with the exception of Denmark 
 and Norway, as soon as he has sent all the manu- 
 scripts, drawings, etc., which refer to the invention 
 to be patented, and are necessary to the attainment 
 of a patent, also the tax which is required, to the 
 magistrate. 
 
 In Denmark and Norway from the first day the 
 patent is issued. 
 
 3 2 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 THE VALUE OF A PATENT. 
 
 It is very natural that every patentee thinks his 
 patent will make him a millionaire. Many believe 
 that some rich man has been waiting to offer him the 
 money for the patent. A gentleman said he had in 
 vented a new electrical apparatus, and asked $300,- 
 000 for the patent, and he would not even give evi- 
 dence whether the apparatus was good or not. He 
 thinks it is self-evident that his patent is the most 
 useful in every way. Of course, nobody would give 
 such an enormous price, and the consequence was 
 that the patent was never manufactured, and in six 
 months another man had invented something very 
 much like it, and as he understood the business bet- 
 ter, made lots of money. Much the same fate 
 Dela Bastie had with the German glass manufactu- 
 rers. He thought his hard glass method for Germany 
 was worth ten million francs, and he asked one mil- 
 lion for his invention. The result was that he was 
 very artfully cheated out of his invention, and made 
 little money with it in Germany. Such examples I 
 could give by hundreds, and prove that through too 
 much self-assurance and overrating the patent holder 
 
 33 
 
destroys his patent. This is very hard to keep from 
 overrating, for there are certain loose patent agents 
 who tell the inventor that his patent will sell for any 
 large sum, in order to get money out of him 
 
 To name a certain sum and say it is the value of a 
 patent, is nearly impossible, as has often been 
 proved, and the inventor can be certain that at the 
 highest he gets only one-twentieth part of the value 
 of his invention, and often only one-fiftieth of its 
 value is offered him. If this strange circumstance is 
 examined, it is generally found that it is the fault of 
 a certain unbelief on the part of the buyer. For 
 even with the best patent, he can never be sure 
 whether he will lose or gain by buying it. This in- 
 security drives away most purchasers. If the patent 
 is very enticing, it may find many who want to buy 
 it, but the price is lowered a good deal on account 
 of the distrust. 
 
 The first thing that is of great importance to the 
 buyer is the manufacturing cost. If great sums are 
 needful for this, it will make it very hard for the pat- 
 ent to be sold, as a view of great manufacturing costs 
 always puts down the value of an invention. If this 
 point is decided to the satisfaction of the buyer, his 
 next thought is whether the article needs many ad- 
 vertisements or even traveling men. If it does, the 
 price is again diminished, and so perhaps the inven- 
 tor receives $500 for it, while the buyer makes a 
 profit of $100,000. But what is a patent of this 
 kind worth which the buyer pays $500 for and makes 
 $100,000? I think that if the inventor would get 
 20 per cent, of this, making $20,000, it is not too 
 much. I am sure that my honored readers will 
 
 34 
 
agree with me, and some, perhaps, say that the in- 
 ventor ought to get still more. Still one must also 
 think of the large capital which the buyer was 
 obliged to use in order to make the patent profitable. 
 That inventors may not have bad luck, I would 
 like to give them a system which I think is the most 
 reliable, and most likely to give them a durable and 
 good income out of their inventions. First, only let 
 the patent for a certain royalty, and in the first year 
 for a small one, perhaps 10 to 20 per cent, of the 
 selling price of the article. In the second year, 20 
 to 25 per cent, of the selling price, etc. Besides, 
 the buyer has to pay the inventor all the expenses 
 of the patent, etc. From all these revenues the value 
 of the patent comes all by itself. 
 
 35 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 
 THE KIND OF INVENTIONS THAT FIND 
 
 GOOD SALE IN FOREIGN 
 
 COUNTRIES. 
 
 England — Machines of every kind, firing meth- 
 ods, transport ways of every kind, telegraph, steam 
 cars, electricity, cotton industry, and others. 
 
 France — All the above mentioned, and besides 
 notions, gloves, dress articles, shoes, artificial flowers, 
 advertisement wagons, fancy articles, etc. 
 
 Italy may be regarded more as an agricultural 
 than an industrial state. Of the patents granted in 
 Italy, from 40 to 50 out of every 100 are from for- 
 eigners. Though there are patents of every kind, 
 agricultural implements and mill works predominate, 
 also articles for vineyards, wagons for wheat, baking 
 ovens, and similar things are numerous, while all 
 inventions that indicate higher culture are absent. 
 Stoves for the heating of houses are not to be found, 
 though they are quite necessary, and under the 
 rubric "steam cars," we find more inventions for 
 the cooling of the cars than for the warming. 
 
 Russia — Inventions in regard to the size of the 
 territory are very good, for instance improvements 
 
 36 
 
of steam cars and telegraphs, in the beet sugar line, 
 the manipulating and making into soap of fats, agri- 
 cultural implements, musical instruments, etc., bring 
 good profits generally. 
 
 In Germany and Austria all good and useful 
 United States inventions are easily sold, and at good 
 profits. 
 
 Sweden and Norway are, for metallurgical pro- 
 cesses, firing and wood-stuff manufactures, very rec- 
 ommendable. 
 
 Denmark is very advisable for nautical improve- 
 ments, as well as advances in agriculture, raising of 
 stock, and fishing. 
 
 37 
 
CHAPTER X. 
 
 DIFFERENT POSSIBILITIES TO MAKE 
 MONEY OUT OF PATENTS. 
 
 The possibilities to make money out of patents are 
 various, and mostly depend on the kind of patent. 
 We have, 
 
 i. The selling of the patent for a special at one 
 time payable selling price, to one or more persons or 
 to a company. The buyer gets all rights and profits 
 without any further sum. 
 
 2. The selling of a patent for a small sum (which 
 in reality is but to cover the expenses of the patent 
 and all that belongs to it and is regarded as such) and 
 a royalty. This is also to one or more persons or a 
 company. 
 
 3. The selling only for royalty to one or more 
 persons or a company. 
 
 4. The selling of patent rights for some state, 
 county or city, for a certain sum. 
 
 5. The selling of the patent right for certain cities, 
 counties or states, on payment of a small sum and 
 royalty. 
 
 6. Renting of the patent rights for certain cities, 
 counties or states, for only a royalty. 
 
 38 
 
7. One makes a certain number of the patent 
 article and rents them. This is best done with ma- 
 chines which manufacture the whole or part of an 
 article. So, for instance, the McKay sole sewing- 
 machine was rented out to shoe factories, which had 
 to pay a royalty for every pair of shoes sewed on the 
 machine. The control was easy ; the owners giving 
 the shoemakers stamps which they had to paste on 
 every pair of shoes before they left the factory. In 
 England they had a different method, having in 
 each machine a dial which recorded the number of 
 soles made, and the manufacturer had to pay a cer- 
 tain sum for every thousand. In Germany they hired 
 it for a certain yearly rent. Later on they were sold 
 for good prices, and now about 20,000 of them are 
 in use. 
 
 From the above it will be seen how many different 
 ways there are. It is always a very advisable way 
 to sell or rent the patent for a royalty for every 
 piece sold. It is easy to keep control with stamps 
 which the inventor has made and which he sells, for 
 the royalty to the buyer. For machines it is advisa- 
 ble to have little plates made with the stamp of the 
 inventor, and to have these fastened on some part of 
 the machine. To realize foreign patents the best 
 way is to go, after having made good models and des- 
 criptions, to the land where you want to interest peo- 
 ple. Of course, a knowledge of the language is very 
 important, or an interpreter is necessary. In many 
 cases one can correspond, but only for the con- 
 tract making it is necessary to travel to the place. 
 What can be done the following case clearly shows : 
 Two inventors packed up a locomotive and brick ma- 
 
 39 
 
chine and traveled to Germany where they even had 
 not a patent. After a few days they had sold it for 
 $5600. Another example, which shows that it is best 
 not to insist on a fixed price : A Frenchman had in- 
 vented a new alligation of metals ; he had a patent 
 in France, and before he even had the patent in 
 Germany, sent some one there who was to sell it for 
 $6000. Many would-be-buyers came. The alliga- 
 tion was tried and found good, but all were not anx- 
 ious to pay $6000. The Frenchman then said, "I 
 do not care to have a royalty per pound on an inter- 
 est. I want $6000 and not less." But nobody came 
 to buy it. Never persist on a fixed sum if you are 
 anxious to sell. I advise all inventors to take what 
 they can get and not to persist on a sum which is too 
 high. 
 
 To realize patents which are only improvement 5 
 of others, and which are invented by one not of that 
 branch, it is not advisable to handle the patent 
 yourself. The best way is to rent the patent to large 
 manufactories and ask a certain royalty. If this is 
 done a pretty profit can be realized. 
 
 40 
 
CHAPTER XL 
 
 IF AN INVENTOR WOULD SELL HIS PAT- 
 ENT WHAT MUST HE THINK OF MOST? 
 
 When he would like to sell his patent he must first 
 make a model of it, that he can prove the invention 
 is all he says it is, or all it ought to be. The inventor 
 must not forget that any one whom he wants to inter- 
 est in his invention is naturally a little mistrusting and 
 that he needs evidence to assure him. An invention 
 can look real nice on paper and be in reality very 
 useless, therefore a model is very necessary. The 
 next and nearly as important is an accurate and pre- 
 cise description, in which all the advantages and uses 
 of the patent must be especially mentioned. The in- 
 ventor cannot use enough care on this and the model, 
 as they generally prompt the person to say yes or no. 
 Only have no half models, no incomplete, half finish- 
 ed things, if it is possible, because the same thing can 
 get an entirely different look if it is badly presented. 
 All people look at such inventions quite differently 
 fiom the inventor. Of course there are things of 
 which no model can be made, which only exist on 
 paper. In such cases it is best to interest people 
 who can make arrangements for the introduction, and 
 who understand the article. If the inventor would 
 
 4i 
 
act correctly, he must allow them to use his system 
 free, for they introduce it and deserve a great deal. 
 Let us think of the introduction of the sewing- 
 machine into England. Nobody wanted to buy it, 
 as it was very expensive at first. Not until many 
 had been given away did it begin to flourish. "All 
 beginnings are hard." This sentence is very correct 
 if one talks of the introduction of new inventions. 
 I would like to press the inventors to be very modest 
 in their expectations at the beginning, so that they 
 may find people who will take their invention to 
 manufacture, introduce and bring to the market. 
 When the patent is introduced the inventor can raise 
 the royalty and ask a sum 20 to 50 times as high as 
 at first. Those inventors who believe the whole 
 world will run to them are greatly mistaken. When, 
 at the beginning of 1870, Sol way, the inventor of 
 the soda-ammonia process, came to Frankfort-on-the- 
 Main and invited the soda manufacturers to come 
 and see him and he would explain it all to them, not 
 one came, and he had believed they would think it a 
 great honor. 
 
 Professor Morse, the inventor of the telegraph of 
 the same name, tells us that when he was in Wash- 
 ington to see if he could not induce the government 
 to have the telegraph line from Washington to Balti- 
 more equipped with his patent, he had placed his 
 instruments on both sides of the capitol to show the 
 members of Congress how they worked. As he 
 talked he saw that some, but very few, believed and 
 liked his machines, but more looked at him distrust- 
 fully, while others even thought him a swindler. It 
 was toward the end of the session and about 400 
 
 42 
 
bills had to pass before his, so he went home with 
 but fifty cents in his pocket, having spent all on the 
 instruments. He had a very sleepless night, but 
 next morning found that his bill had passed, and a 
 new era founded in tel< graph inventions. 
 
 43 
 
CHAPTER XII. 
 
 HOW THE PATENTEE CAN FIND A 
 PURCHASER. 
 
 (i) He must get himself copies of his patent from 
 the Patent Office in Washington. (20 copies for 
 $2.00.) 
 
 (2) He must, if possible, make a model, perhaps 
 smaller than the original, for even that shows the 
 working and shape of the machine better than a 
 drawing. But if a model is impossible, a good 
 drawing which shows the whole of the invention 
 must be made. 
 
 (3) The inventor must write an accurate descrip- 
 tion of the patent and all its uses and advantages, so 
 that a buj T er can see them without trouble. 
 
 (4) The inventor has to choose, out of the list of 
 firms in the second part, those who can use his 
 patent, and make his offer to them. Here I will 
 warn the inventor again. Never, if a buyer comes, 
 chase him away by persisting on a fixed price. 
 Always be modest. Further, it is advisable not to 
 sell smaller rights than state rights, and not to give 
 them for royalty ; for if city or county rights are 
 given, the inventor has thousands of troubles to 
 silence and will be continually at law. 
 
 44 
 
CHAPTER XIII. 
 
 HOW MUCH PER CENT. IS THE AVERAGE 
 ROYALTY? 
 
 The royalty that a manufacturer has to pay the 
 patent holder or inventor for the manufacture is 
 between 5 and 10 per cent, of the selling price. The 
 per cent, is always in regard to the article manufac- 
 tured. If it is a small thing and has to be made 
 cheap, the per cent is smaller ; in this case the quan- 
 tity must bring the money. If it is an article which 
 has a large selling price and no competition to be 
 feared, 15 per cent can easily be charged; even 20 
 per cent, has been given, but that is very seldom. It 
 is for the interest of the patent holder not to ask too 
 high a royalty, for he then, through that, compels the 
 manufacturer to raise the selling price and that may 
 hinder the selling a great deal. 
 
 How large a royalty can be asked is best seen by 
 referring to the case of Bessemer, inventor of the 
 Bessemer steel. He received from England and the 
 United States a royalty of a few cents per pound of 
 steel, made by his process, and his income was more 
 than a million yearly. 
 
 45 
 
CHAPTER XIV. 
 
 TO FIND A PARTNER. 
 
 I have often heard that when patentees seek money 
 they say, " I will take a partner." I have also 
 noticed that it is easy to find one, but I have seen 
 that at the end the partnership was very often not as 
 nice as it promised to be at the beginning. The 
 cause of this we mostly And is the reason, that the 
 partner, though he furnished the money, had no busi- 
 ness talent, or did not care to attend to the business. 
 Another cause is the unfriendliness of the partner to 
 the patentee. The partners often think that their 
 money is everything and they forget that the patent 
 is the main part ; for without a patent no partner. 
 
 The patentees generally look for a partner with 
 much capital, though he may have little business 
 talent, while they would do better with one who had 
 more talent and less capital. My experience has 
 taught me that patentees have very little business 
 talent, therefore they need a good and talented busi- 
 ness partner. 
 
 In making agreements with a partner, I would 
 advise the patentee to be careful and see that in case 
 of a separation, the patents and inventions should 
 
 46 
 
always fall back to the patentee and without any 
 special compensation. Should the partner not agree 
 to this, but want a payment, it is best to fix a sum in 
 the agreement. 
 
 The best way to find a partner is to advertise in a 
 newspaper ; in large cities, also by going to agents. 
 
 The portion which the patentee can ask in partner- 
 ship is between one fourth and one half of the profit ; 
 generally one third. In contracts where the partner 
 receives a certain per cent, on his capital, before the 
 profit is divided, the patentee always receives one 
 half. 
 
 47 
 
CHAPTER XV. 
 
 TO BORROW MONEY. 
 
 The patentee can borrow money easily from a 
 bank or banker, if he is a well known business man. 
 Besides this, the patentee can have money from 
 private people if he mortages his patent, or gives 
 any other security. As the easiest way to find such 
 private persons, I advise newspaper advertisements. 
 Newspapers for this purpose are in the second part 
 of this book. Besides this, he should offer higher 
 per cents than usual, and should mention this in his 
 advertisements. It is also advisable to offer the 
 lender a small portion of the profits, thus making 
 him a silent partner, which is very recommendable. 
 If the patentee acts according to this plan, he will 
 easily see all his wishes gratified. 
 
 48 
 
CHAPTER XVI. 
 
 THE FOUNDING OF A STOCK COMPANY 
 AND THE SELLING OF STOCKS. 
 
 If a larger capital is required for the manufacture 
 of a patent, it is always best to found a stock company. 
 For the foundation of a stock company the patentee 
 unites himself with some gentlemen, thus forming a 
 corporation, which must be entered in the state ac- 
 cording to the law. The expenses of this act are 
 very small. A good way to sell the stocks is to 
 guarantee a certain per cent. /especially for the first 
 year. The stocks are easily sold if they are given to 
 stock brokers, who of course charge extra for this 
 work. Another good idea is to give the broker an 
 interest in the company. Firms who sell stocks 
 you will find in the second part, under Stock Brokers ; 
 and addresses of Stock Certificate Printers under 
 Bonds and Certificates. 
 
 It is not advisable to found the company on too 
 small a scale, in proportion to the patent. The 
 inventor generally receives a royalty, his selling price 
 in stocks mostly, and has an important position, like 
 superintendent, director, etc. 
 
 49 
 
■HMH 
 
 How easy it often is to found a stock company for 
 the manufacture of a patent, the following proves : 
 
 Several years ago a poor German chemist came 
 to the United States. He had invented a new 
 chemical process to make a certain chemical pro- 
 duct out of other elements, and much cheaper than 
 it had ever been done before. He found some- 
 body who lent him, on his apparatus and books, for 
 very high per cents (I believe 40), a certain sum of 
 money. With this he had his invention patented. 
 Then he went to a patent agent who said he would 
 sell his patent. The poor inventor had to pay some 
 twenty dollars in advance, but all without luck. He 
 was in a very helpless state, without money, his 
 books and invention mortgaged, knowing very little 
 of the language and habits of America. At last he 
 went to another man. This man, though a German 
 also, had been in this country for some time and 
 knew its language and ways. He promised to help. 
 The inventor, after a few days, went again to the 
 man's house where he found some other gentlemen, 
 one a pretty good chemist. The inventor showed 
 him the process and all was found to be right They 
 formed an association and sold their stocks easily, 
 because they offered an interest of 14 per cent, the 
 first year. At the beginning they had only enough 
 to pay the corporation and printing expenses. But 
 then they built and manufactured, and in a few years 
 they all were rich. 
 
 I think such corporations are founded nearly every 
 day and generally have success. The ground work 
 and success depend entirely upon the value of the 
 patent. 
 
 5o 
 
CHAPTER XVII. 
 
 WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO INTRODUCE 
 PATENTS ? 
 
 In answer to this question we must leave the firm 
 ground of objective and step on the unsafe of subject- 
 ive views. Out of this we can see that we can say 
 nothing positive, and can only suggest a pattern for 
 a frame which may be arranged to fit each picture. 
 To divide the most plentiful material, even the least 
 bit, we must separate it into two classes, in business 
 patents and speculation patents. Under the first 
 head we will understand such patents whose inventor 
 is in some business, and can and will use it in his 
 own store ; or those that went into the hands of a 
 business man for this reason or purpose With the 
 name of speculation patents we endow a great class 
 of patents which are in the hands of neutral persons 
 for selling, and those which are not yet in the hands 
 of one who will make use of them. 
 
 We will turn at first to the business patents and 
 remark right away that these must of course be good, 
 useful patents. 
 
 The following rules, in which we will try to tell the 
 business patent holder what he shall and what he shall 
 not do, are only in regard to those which are useful. 
 
 5i 
 
i. ''Try the invention thoroughly before thinking 
 of bringing it to market for sale." 
 
 Too often it happens that a patent holder cannot 
 wait, being in such a hurry that he publishes des- 
 criptions and uses of it while he is yet experimenting 
 with it. If people wish to buy the article then, he 
 must either tell them that it is not yet complete or he 
 will sell it to them so and cheat them. Then it does 
 not take long before all newspapers and other in- 
 ventors commence abusing the patent. When the 
 inventor then finishes the improvements on his arti- 
 cle, and puts it before the public, it takes long before 
 he can get anybody to believe him. 
 
 2. "Try to make the article as good and cheap as 
 possible." 
 
 To be able to do both these things at once it is nces- 
 sary in most cases to make as many of the articles 
 as possible, and then find a place to dispose of 
 them, and 
 
 3. " Seek to interest many people, in fact as many 
 as possible, in it." 
 
 By giving high profits to agents, and putting your 
 own profit as low as possible, is the soonest way to attain 
 this result. It is better to make much, good and 
 cheap, with little profit on each, than little, good and 
 expensive, with high profit on each piece. For when 
 much is manufactured at once it can be done more 
 evenly and better, because the work can be divided. 
 
 4. " Use the press to advertise." 
 
 Through discussions in good papers you can inter- 
 est many for the article, and through solid advertise- 
 ments can support the sellers. 
 
 5 2 
 
5. "If the worth and subject of the article allows 
 you to have, (besides the agents and again sellers,) 
 traveling agents, it is recommended to do so at the 
 beginning. In all cases the inventor must send it to 
 the exposition, as this helps more than is generally 
 supposed. Going to speculation patents, we will 
 mention the following as the best and most useful 
 ways." 
 
 i. " Make the patented article first and not spend 
 time and money to get people to interest themselves 
 in an article which is only described on paper." 
 
 This is not only to be observed by transportable 
 things but also by original treatments. As soon as 
 you are able to show one perfect apparatus or certifi 
 cates of the good this or that improvement did, you, 
 can sell or find good agents much sooner. If you 
 can pay some money you should always lead your 
 own invention, for nobody can make an article sell so 
 good as the inventor himself. 
 
 2. " Bring the patent to market first in you own 
 country, and then, supported by the good luck here, 
 proceed with the foreign patents, if you have any." 
 
 On this little patience trial many inventions have 
 already been wrecked. Most inventors, immediately 
 after getting into possession of their patent, believe 
 that everybody knows the patent as well as they. 
 With great expectations they proclaim it in all coun 
 tries, and as no recommendations are there, nobody 
 will buy it. Little by little the inventor looses cour- 
 age, and with it all his friends and helpers, who are 
 discouraged, for all their assistance did no good. At 
 last the whole thing is gone and the inventor has only 
 
 53 
 
his paper patent, perhaps debts, and anger in his 
 heart for his mistaken genius. 
 
 3. " Do not ask too high prices." 
 
 The wish of most inventors is to sell their patents 
 fast and high priced. We cannot be angry at them 
 for this. It is unnatural for the purchaser of a patent 
 to buy it for all time, for who can guarantee that the 
 inventor will not make a new improvement on it and 
 then sell that to another. Besides this, nobody 
 knows if an invention that is good to-day may be use- 
 less to-morrow, for a new invention may appear which 
 is much better than the old one. The money paid 
 would then be thrown away. I can advise the fol- 
 lowing and believe it would be perfectly just for both 
 parties : "A small sum to be paid to the inventor for 
 his trouble and expenses, and then a certain part of 
 every article he sells. In short, all that was said in 
 regard to business patents can be used here too, espe- 
 cially the use of the press and the sending to the ex- 
 position, to wake the interest and call the attention of 
 the public to the new patent. 
 
 54 
 
CHAPTER XVIII. 
 
 ABOUT ADVERTISEMENTS. 
 
 A fitting advertisement is good for the best in- 
 ventions, perhaps even necessary. Advertisements 
 are a great ruling power now-a-days ; the most ex- 
 tensive and most effective branch of papers for this 
 purpose being the political dailies and weeklies. In- 
 sertions in the editorial columns are always better 
 than among the advertisements. For really good 
 inventions the newspapers print for nothing if you 
 give them the fitting text and cuts. If the public in 
 general should be interested, daily and weekly papers 
 and periodicals are best. But if experts are to be at- 
 tracted scientific and technical papers are to be pre- 
 ferred. 
 
 Besides newspapers there are many other ways of 
 advertising, and I am sure every inventor will find 
 the right way. One of the best advertisements of 
 small articles was that of the blacking maker, Warren, 
 in London. He had an advertisement written on the 
 Egyptian pyramids, " Buy Warren's shoe blacking. It 
 is the best in the world." Every body scolded on 
 account of the profanation, but he was known now, 
 and in a little while became a rich man. 
 
 55 
 
A very good way of advertising is that of giving 
 lectures to a chosen public, about the uses and advan- 
 tages of the article. 
 
 Another good way is to send an article or a model 
 of it to an exhibition. A bad side of this is, the 
 great expense which sometimes can not even be paid 
 by all the good the exhibition of the article does. 
 If one sends an article to such an international exhi- 
 bition the article must have international value if one 
 would gain anything by sending it there ; also, the 
 factory must be so located that the goods can be sent 
 to all sections without trouble. 
 
 A small compensation for the trouble of sending to 
 the exhibition is their premiums. Though they do 
 not always have a good moral influence on the re- 
 ceiver, still they are good advertisements and are 
 better than most others. Advertisements are to-day 
 worth more than cash and generally must be bought 
 with it. Large firms hate to be without their paper, 
 on whose pages all their patents and premiums are 
 mentioned, and they are right. 
 
 When we now look at the list of more or less solid 
 and respectable helps which are in reach of the in- 
 ventor and manufacturer, we see a whole system. 
 Between the simple newspaper notice and the openly 
 bestowed premium are hundreds of other ways to 
 attract the attention of the public. 
 
 He who understands the whole art of advertising 
 will always win, even if the article he sells is no 
 better or of a worse kind than that of his compe- 
 titor. 
 
 56 
 
CHAPTER XIX. 
 
 A GRAND SUCCESS. 
 
 About twenty years ago there lived in Provence 
 (France) a workman who liked to read very much. 
 He possessed a library consisting mostly of old novels, 
 which his master had given him. Because he loved 
 them very much and hated to see them so dilapidat- 
 ed, he always thought of a binding and finally de- 
 vised a self-binder. As it was very useful the pastor 
 advised him to have it patented, which he did, as he 
 had some money. But when he got the patent he did 
 not have any money left to manufacture it. He 
 went to his master who said, however, that the pat- 
 ent was a swindle. This was not very encouraging, 
 but he went again to the pastor who told to put the 
 following in the papers : 
 
 " iooo frs. are wanted for three years. High per 
 cent, and great security given." 
 
 Sure enough many people came, when he borrowed 
 and commenced to manufacture. He employed a 
 book-binder and with his help made a thousand of 
 the self-binders. Then, as nobody bought them, he 
 was obliged to send his help away. He took the 
 
 57 
 
self-binders and went peddling trying to sell them, 
 without luck. Then he thought of the advice of an 
 old Jew whom he had met, to give his articles to a 
 wholesale house for Article de Paris. He went there 
 and offered them the thousand self-binders, but they 
 would only keep them on sale and not buy them. 
 He went from house to house with no better luck. 
 At last he left them at one house and went home to 
 work as before. He had made a contract with the 
 firm that the net profit should be divided. 
 
 Not long did he stay on his farm Already, after 
 fourteen days, he received a letter containing 2000 
 francs and ordering many self-binders, also saying 
 that they would pay cash. One order was quickly 
 followed by another. He founded a book-binder 
 shop, and later on a book bindery works with ma- 
 chine power. And out of this simple beginning, 
 in a short time, arose one of the largest book-binding 
 establishments in the world. 
 
 58 
 
CHAPTER XX. 
 
 GOOD ADVICE. 
 
 The attentive reader of the foregoing will know 
 the summary himself. We believe, however, that 
 the advice which we intend to give here can not be 
 given often enough to show the inventor, and espe- 
 cially him who has nothing to lose, on what a slippery 
 pathway he is walking, as soon as he over-estimates 
 himself and his invention, and does not know when 
 to stop in his hunt for patents. 
 
 Inventions and patents are something like a game 
 of hazard, only the public does not see so much of 
 it. As by hazard playing not every body can pros- 
 per and keep on prospering, and if one does it is her- 
 alded into the world, we must not think of the many 
 who go to their destruction at gambling tables ; so it 
 is with inventions. The feV who have won respect 
 and fortunes through them are countable, but those 
 who through their patent and invention craze have 
 nearly, if not entirely, destroyed themselves and 
 their families, are countless. 
 
 I do not wish to warn people not to invent. I on- 
 ly want them not to patent carelessly, and ask to 
 warn them against speculation-invention Every one 
 who seeks to improve and help science in any way 
 
 59 
 
does nothing wrong as long as he does not get out of 
 reasonable bounds. However, he who believes that 
 he is a grand inventor and when he invents even the 
 most invaluable thing and advertises it in every 
 country, he is a systematic hazard player and ought 
 to be stopped. I warn the small man, not to think 
 his invention is the grandest on earth and worthy to 
 be patented in every country. I also warn the rich 
 inventor, who spends the national wealth in foreign 
 lands because he patents his invention in every na- 
 tion. 
 
 Money for which goods are bought in foreign lands 
 is not wasted ; it does some if very little good ; but 
 money which is spent on patents in foreign countries 
 has no value to the nation at all. And how easy a 
 patent gets void. As I once before mentioned, every 
 foreign patent is declared void as soon as one of them 
 is allowed to expire. In the same place it is men- 
 tioned that in some countries the patent must be 
 manufactured after the expiration of a given length 
 of time. Also, that sometimes a tax must be paid 
 after the patent is granted or it is void. On account 
 of these reasons not more than ten per cent, of all 
 patents gain the age of five years, and not one per 
 cent, live to mature age. Every inventor should 
 well consider before he undertakes to apply for for- 
 eign patents, for they are too easily lost. Patents 
 are not so easily taken care of as patentees and in- 
 ventors at first suppose they are. 
 
 Where do those three rules work ? 
 
 In all countries except Germany the first one is 
 enforced The second is in nearly every country ; 
 also the third. 
 
 60 
 
The inventor who, besides his American patent, 
 has one in England, Belgium, Italy, Austria, France 
 and Germany, if he now would let the English pat- 
 ent expire all the others except in Germany would be 
 declared void. 
 
 Therefore try your patent first and find out whether 
 it is really worth patenting in any other land. Then 
 take only a few and in countries where they will be 
 valuable. Find out what competent people think of 
 it before you patent it. 
 
 Mostly there is no reason to apply too soon. Wait 
 till you have one in your own country, and then if 
 that sells good, try another. Only in very few cases 
 and only with great inventions it is necessary to seek 
 for all patents in quick succession. In other cases 
 keep cool and never over-estimate. 
 
 -*■& 
 
 61 
 
CFIAPTER XXI. 
 
 MODEL CONTRCTS. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 CONTRACT 
 
 between Mr. X (buyer) and Mr. Y (seller) in regard 
 
 to the selling of Patent No of 
 
 on 
 
 § i. 
 
 Mr. Y. resigns with this his interest in sub No 
 
 of , given patent to Mr. X under the 
 
 below mentioned conditions, and allows the circum- 
 scription of the patent on the patent roll to Mr. X. 
 
 Mr. X pays Mr. Y, as payment for that under sub 
 § i described patent: 
 
 ist. A sum of $ ., payable in install- 
 ments etc., the first installment payable immediately, 
 the second on etc. 
 
 2nd. During the continuance of this agreement, 
 only till the end of the patent however, a commission 
 
 of per cent of net selling price of every sold 
 
 patent apparatus (or of those amounts paid to Mr. X 
 by a third party for the use of a patent treatment.) 
 
 62 
 
The account will be settled every quarter (or half 
 year ) The money then due to Mr. Y is to be paid 
 at the latest, on ... in cash. 
 
 For the control of the commission Mr. X will keep 
 an account book, in which these things shall be 
 entered. This book shall be at the disposal of Mr. 
 Y, or his agent, every month, (or quarter.) Also, 
 every patent article shall be marked with a continued 
 number. 
 
 § 3- 
 
 Mr. X is obliged, during the continuance of this 
 contract, to do everything in his power to keep the 
 patent going. Especially he shall be held to the 
 payment of all the patent taxes punctually. If Mr. 
 X should be careless and forget anything, through 
 which carelessness the patent gets void, he shall pay 
 Mr. Y a sum of $ 
 
 Mr. Y binds himself to help Mr. X, without 
 charge, with his advice, as far as the arrangement of 
 the factory and the use of the patented article or the 
 sustenance of the patent is concerned. Mr. Y fur- 
 thermore binds himself to give any possible improve- 
 ment, that he may make to Mr. X free of charge, 
 and the latter is obliged to see that those said im- 
 provements are protected by a patent. 
 
 (Here can be added a subject on the making of 
 construction drawings, if the inventor can make 
 them.) 
 
 § 4- 
 
 The sum named in § 2 of per cent shall, 
 
 from the beginning of the third (fourth) year, be 
 
 $ (not too high a sum), and shall then rise to 
 
 $ 
 
 63 
 
At the end of the year that the royalty does not 
 reach this sum, Mr, X (buyer) may either give the 
 contract, with all rights mentioned in § 3, back to 
 Mr. Y (seller), without an indemnification, or he 
 can raise the royalty to the said sum himself. Patent 
 articles which Mr. X may have on hand or which 
 are yet in manufacture, after the return of the patent 
 to Mr. Y, may be finished and sold within the first 
 three years, with the increase of 25 per cent, on the 
 royalty, stated in § 2, on each article, (raised because 
 patent tax is no more paid). 
 
 If the patent falls back to Mr. Y, he can do with 
 it what he wants, and Mr. X is obliged to allow 
 circumscription in case it is again sold. 
 
 § 5- 
 
 In case of quarrels both parties are free to bring 
 the case before a court of arbitration, in which case 
 both sides must choose each two arbitrators and these 
 one foreman. .Their decision must be taken, how- 
 ever ; or the case can be laid before the court 
 nearest to Mr. X's residence. 
 
 This contract will be made in copies, and the 
 
 contracting parties divide the cost equally between 
 them. 
 
 Witnesses : 
 
 64 
 
No II. 
 
 ARTICLES OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 These articles of agreement made and entered 
 
 into this day of A. D., 18..., by and 
 
 between Mr. X (seller) and Mr. Y (purchaser), both 
 
 of the city of , Witness: Whereas, Mr. X is 
 
 now the sole owner and proprietor of a patent and 
 invention of a certain ....... , known and patented 
 
 under the name of and, Whereas Mr. 
 
 Y is desirous to obtain exclusive right and privilege 
 from the said Mr. X to manufacture and sell said 
 
 , known as the " " Now 
 
 therefore this agreement Witnesses : 
 
 That Mr. X, for and in consideration of the 
 premises hereinafter mentioned, does hereby agree 
 to sell and set over unto Mr. Y the exclusive right 
 
 and privilege to manufacture said and 
 
 the exclusive right and privilege to sell the same in 
 the United States, and all foreign countries, domin- 
 ions and states for the period of years 
 
 from the date hereof, reserving to himself during 
 that period the ownership of said patent only. 
 
 The said Mr. Y, for and in consideration of the 
 premises herein contained agrees to manufacture and 
 
 sell said , known as the " " 
 
 during said period, and to use the utmost endeavor 
 and vigilance in the manufacture and sale of the 
 same, that his means will permit. 
 
 The said Mr. X, as and for his portion of the 
 
 65 
 
capital stock, shall furnish the invention and any 
 
 possible later invented improvements of said 
 
 , known as " "; and the said 
 
 Mr. Y shall furnish all the material, labor and capital 
 
 required for the manufacture and sale of said 
 
 during the period above mentioned. 
 
 And it is further agreed and understood by and 
 between the parties hereto, that all gains, profits and 
 increase that shall come good or arise from or by 
 
 means of the manufacture and sale of said 
 
 shall be divided between them in even and equal 
 portions, each to receive one half of said profit and 
 gains, and that all losses that shall happen in and by 
 said manufacture and sale thereof, by ill commodi- 
 ties, bad debts or otherwise, shall be borne and paid 
 by the said Mr. Y alone. 
 
 And it is agreed by and between the said parties, 
 that there shall be had and kept at all times during 
 the period above mentioned, just, perfect and true 
 books of account, wherein shall be entered and set 
 down all money by him received, paid or expended 
 
 in and about the manufacture and sale of said 
 
 , as all goods, commodities and merchandise, 
 
 by him or either of them bought, and all other 
 matters and things whatsoever to the said business 
 and management thereof in any wise belonging, 
 which said books shall be used in common between 
 said parties so that either of them may have access 
 thereto without any hindrance or interruption of the 
 other , and also, that the said Mr. Y, on the first 
 day of each and every month during the continuance 
 of the period aforesaid, shall yield, make and render 
 to the said Mr. X, a true, just and perfect inventory 
 
 66 
 
and account of all profits and increase by him made, 
 and all things by him received, disbursed, done or suf- 
 fered, and all losses by him sustained in the manu- 
 facture and sale as aforesaid, and at the time of 
 rendering such account to-wit : On the first day of 
 each month shall pay and deliver to the said Mr. X 
 his just share of the profits made anc received. 
 
 And it is further mutually agreed between the 
 parties hereto, that in case of the death of the said 
 Mr. X., the said Mr, Y. shall pay to the widow, 
 heirs or representatives of the said Mr. X. from the 
 time of the death of Mr. X. until the end of the 
 
 period of years, per cent. 
 
 of the gain and profits arising thenceforth from the 
 
 sale and manufacture of the said , and 
 
 in case of the death of said Mr. Y. during the period 
 aforesaid, all rights and privileges to the manufacture 
 
 and sale of said , herein vested in the 
 
 said Mr. Y., shall revert to the said Mr. X. 
 
 And at the end of said period of years 
 
 the said Mr. Y. shall make a true, just and final ac- 
 count of all things relating to said manufacture and 
 sale of the , and in all things truly ad- 
 just and pay over to the said Mr. X. his share of the 
 gains and profits as herein agreed. 
 
 And the said Mr. X. agrees that at the expiration 
 of said term, or in case of the death of the said Mr. 
 Y., or in case of the forfeiture by the said Mr. Y. of 
 the rights and privileges herein granted to him by 
 reason of any non-compliance with the agreement 
 herein, he will buy of the said Mr. Y, his heirs, or 
 representatives, all the material and stock remaining 
 on hand belonging to and used in the manufacture 
 
 67 
 
of said , and will pay therefor the cost 
 
 price thereof. 
 
 It is further agreed that the said Mr. Y shall make 
 due endeavor to purchase all necessary material at 
 the cheapest prices obtainable, and that the said Mr. 
 X have authority to purchase material for said manu- 
 facture of said if he can obtain the 
 
 same at lower prices than the said Mr. Y shall 
 procure them, and that the said Mr. Y, before pur- 
 chasing such material shall first obtain the consent 
 of the said Mr. X. 
 
 In witness whereof the said parties hereto have 
 
 set their hands and seals this day of 
 
 A. D. 18 
 
 Mr. X 
 
 Mr. Y 
 
 In presence of 
 
 68 
 
6 9 
 
70 
 
ADDRESSES. 
 
 AGENTS FOR MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Montgomery, Ala : Warren & Holt 
 
 Little Rock, Ark : Colburn E. L. 
 
 Pine Huff, Ark : ColburnE. L. 
 
 Parker & Atkinson 
 
 Denver, Colo : Johnson D. M. & Co 
 Kelly J. O. 
 Kimball & Handley 
 Morse E. E. 
 Robertson A. 
 Shandal T, J. 
 Thayer T. S. 
 Wood J. H. 
 
 Athens, Ga: Bloomfield R. L. 
 
 Chicago, 111: Abbott, J. H. 25 Washington st 
 Brown W. C, 45 Lasalle 
 Buss & Norton, 414 Phoenix building 
 Caldwell Commission Co 
 Childs H. K. & Co, 221 5th av 
 Freeman A., 139 Lake 
 Gates H. F. & Co, 221 5th av 
 Gurney C. H. & Co, 247 Lake 
 Gustroff A., 92 Lasalle 
 Hawes A., 411 Phoenix building 
 Hinkley S. P., 45 Lasalle 
 Lewis G. F., 67 Washington 
 Mihills M. A., 89 Lake 
 Miles M. & Son, 138 Jackson 
 Munger H. H., 142 Lake 
 Reed G. W. & Co, 66 Wabash av 
 Rich F. A., 23 S. Canal 
 Smith F. W., 137 Lake 
 Smith S. A,, 23 S. Canal 
 Stoner I., 19 Wabash av 
 Straus M. & Bro, 19 Wabash av 
 
 71 
 
Taylor J. & Co, 221 5th av 
 
 Washington L., 228 5th av 
 
 Wells B. W., 107 Dearborn 
 
 Williams G. F., 436 Rookery building 
 
 Wynne J., 239 Jackson 
 
 Ziesler I., 221 5th av 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa: Johnson D. M. 
 
 Louisville, Ky: Burrell F. R. 
 Coleman T. C. 
 Dick A. M. 
 FraukelH. U. 
 Gardner C. H. 
 Gividen B. T. 
 Gooch T. C. jr 
 Heelskamp J. G. 
 Huber & Allison 
 Moore S. T. & Co 
 Osborn, Symmes & Co 
 Pope S. S. 
 Powell J. D. 
 Rogers G. M. 
 Stucky H. F. 
 
 New Orleans, La: Anderson J. W., 129 Poydras 
 Blanchard J. G., 17 Tchoupitoulas 
 Bobb J. M., 55 Gravier 
 Bowling N. & Co, 40 Magazine 
 Burruss W. M., 80 Magazine 
 ' Curtis D. M., 17 Tchoupitourlas 
 Dennery T., 80 Customhouse 
 Devan, Urquhart & Co, 72 Camp 
 Evans Bros, 13 Perdido 
 Gould & Hotter, Bank place 
 Hampton J. T., 37 Natchez 
 Hoffman & Fatjo, 71 Tchoupitoulas 
 Howard G. W. & Co, 796 Magazine 
 McClure & Ridpath, 73 Poydras 
 Morphy A. E., 91 Magazine 
 Parker A. A., 23 Camp 
 Pring B. H., 188 Gravier 
 Seymour W. D., 53 Gravier 
 Thayer C. H. & Co, 54 Magazine 
 Tupper Bros, 8 Union 
 Walker F. & Co, 117 Tchoupitoulas 
 Wolfe U., 65 Magazine 
 Zeigler J. J., 57 Magazine 
 
 Baltimore, Md : Adler H. M., 304 W Baltimore 
 Blondheim S. S., 29 W Baltimore 
 Doyle C. J., 14 W German 
 
 72 
 
Baltimore, Md:Loane E. D., 12 N. Charles 
 
 Marston L. W. & Co, Light c. German 
 
 Patterson G. F. & Co, 217 E Fayette 
 
 Ports J. W., 29 W Lombard 
 
 Ward S. M., 12 N Charles 
 
 Wolf M. W. & Co, 294 W German 
 
 Wysham G. F., 16 W Lombard 
 
 Detroit, Mich : Anspach & Simon, 147 Jefferson 
 
 Atkinson & Pennewell, 131 Woodward 
 Atlerbury & Van Court, 82 Grisw'd 
 Berkery J. S., 21 Buhl blk 
 Bigelow & Gibbings, 153 Jefferson 
 Cohen D., 32 Walker blk 
 Cohen M., 32 Walker blk 
 Dickey J. A., 25 Congress W. 
 Emery R., 58 Griswold 
 Huyette & McKay, ^^^ Lafayette av 
 Kaeding W. C, 31 Monroe 
 Middlebrook PL & Co, 91 Jefferson 
 Ridgely R. B., 42 Woodbridge 
 Swift Mfr.'s Agency, 47 Rowland 
 
 Kansas City, Mo: Supply Am. Co, 416 Am. Bank bldg 
 Clark W. E. & Bro. 610 Walnut 
 DaCosta A. M., 126 N 6th 
 Davenport L. M. & Co 107 Ex bldg 
 GanseT. D. 1416 Wuth 
 Keefer H. A., 26 Gibraltar bldg 
 Levy L. & J., 211 Alamo bldg 
 Meacham PL S. 1228 Wuth 
 Rice M., 605 Delaware 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Allison J. W., 205 Pine 
 Alofs W. L., 707 Olive 
 Arnheiter C. J., 707 Olive 
 Bateson C. E. & Bro 825 Lucas av 
 Bernstein M., 414 Washington av 
 Cain P. R., 701 Washington av 
 Clarkson J. PL, 506 Olive 
 Conroy Bro, 208 S 4th 
 Conway J. PL, 608 N 4th 
 Dillenberg D., 500 N 2d 
 Farrar B. G. & Co, 623 N Main 
 Field W. B., 415 N 7th 
 Fife C. R. 114 N 4th 
 Forward C. J., 200 S Commercial 
 Frazer W. O., 203 N 3d 
 Gibson G. G., 310 N 7th 
 Goodwin J. P., 516 N 3d 
 Plazelton PL, 619 N 4th 
 
 73 
 
 
St. Louis, Mo : . . Holmes C. H. & Co, 520 Olive 
 Howe J. C, 24 N 3d 
 Jungle H., 113 Olive 
 Kory M., 618 Washington av 
 Ladd J. A., 203 N 2d 
 Levy D., 604 Washington av 
 McDonald R. E., 400 N 3d 
 Milburn W., 214 Pine 
 Pratt C. N., 624 Locust 
 Rashcoe H., 219 Olive 
 Schloss T. D., 220 Pine 
 Shryock W. P. & Son, 414 Wash'n av 
 Todd G. W., 608 N 4th 
 Waterman H. D. & S. J., 612 N 3d 
 Werner J. M., 509 N 6th 
 Werner M., 509 N 6th 
 West R. P., 413 Lucas av 
 White T. C, 421 Olive 
 Winslow W. A.. 607 N 3d 
 Woodsworth cS: Co, 218 N 4th 
 
 Omaha, Neb: Mills, Rankin & Co, 315 Dodge 
 
 Phelps A. A. & Co, 10 Bushman blk 
 Ulrich & Stewart, 409 Paxton blk 
 Welshans W. J., 311 S 16th 
 
 New York City : Allen J. L. M., 22 Gold 
 
 Anthony H. M., 100 Reade 
 
 Aughiltree J. W., 56 Worth, 
 
 Baldwin F., 33 South, 
 
 Ball E. M. & Co, 49 Leonard 
 
 Barbey G. II., 17 Piatt 
 
 Barton E. E., 27 South 
 
 Bateson, Armstrong & Dowd 116 Franklin 
 
 Beale & Co, 75 Worth 
 
 Beardsley F. W., 173 Greenwich 
 
 Bedell S. C, 108 Worth 
 
 Bedford & Kellum, 280 Broadway 
 
 Bishop A. J., 26 University PI 
 
 Black Foster Co, (Ltd) 279 Church 
 
 Bradenburg C. W., 125 Chambers 
 
 Breinig G. M., 240 Pearl 
 
 Brewster F. C, 56 Worth 
 
 Briggs & Co, 318 Broadway 
 
 Burnhans R. O., 121 Leonard 
 
 Burling W. C, 216 Church 
 
 Burnham E. S., 84 W Broadway 
 
 Bush M. L., 7 Murray 
 
 Capen R. S., 795 Broadway 
 
 74 
 
New York City: . . Carhart F., 113 Worth 
 
 Carpenter S. S., 51 Leonard 
 
 Chalmers H., 335 Broadway 
 
 Champlin C, 22 Piatt 
 
 Chesebro & Garnsey, 264 Canal 
 
 Christensen Rudolph, 90 Chambers 
 
 Christie A., 28 White 
 
 Clark J. H., 401 Broadway 
 
 Clarke A. H., 84 w Broadway 
 
 Clark W. C, 280 Broadway 
 
 Coffey H. Y., 22 Thomas 
 
 Coles J. E. & Co 43 Jay 
 
 Conover C. E. Co, 101 Franklin 
 
 Cooper G., 98 Fulton 
 
 Croghan L. A., 107 Franklin 
 
 Culin C. G., 99 Franklin 
 
 Cumming & Becker, 275 Church 
 
 Damerel G., 18 Cortlandt 
 
 Dana R. H. & Co, 25 Beaver 
 
 Davie H. B.s, 115 Worth 
 
 Davison H. C, 229 Broadway 
 
 Day E. T., 192 Broadway 
 
 Day J. F., 125 Chambers 
 
 Dodman W., 107 Chambers 
 
 Domeyer F., 376 Canal 
 
 Donnelly D. A., 122 Duane 
 
 Dowd P. A. & Co, 239 Broadway 
 
 Eckmeyer & Co, 42 Beaver 
 
 Farquhar N. & Co, 24 State 
 
 Felch F. W., 51 Leonard 
 
 Fenton D. W.. 163 Maiden lane 
 
 Ferguson A. S. & Co, 7 Park place 
 
 Ferguson J. B., 115 Worth 
 
 Field & Wagener, 115 Worth 
 
 Foerster W. & Co, 137 Duane 
 
 Foreign Trades Agency (Ltd), 128 Pearl 
 
 Francklyn R. & Co, 5 S William 
 
 Fraser C. A., 178 Broadway 
 
 Friedman J., 48 Murray 
 
 Froment Frank L., (Iron), 112 John 
 
 Fry G. W. 39 Barclay 
 
 Gay John F., 7 & 9 W Broadway 
 
 Geriken H. J., 115 Broadway 
 
 Gordon F. P., 140 Nassau 
 
 Gordon J. E., 39 Barclay 
 
 Graff A. M., 99 Franklin 
 
 Graffin A. J., 56 Worth 
 
 Graffin C. W., 56 Worth 
 
 75 
 
New York City 
 
 .Graham J. H. 113 Chambers 
 Greene J. R., 18 Cortlandt 
 Griswold M. W., 27 Beekman 
 Guild A., 56 Worth 
 Guthrie B. W., 1285 Broadway 
 Guyon C. F. & Co, 99 Reade 
 Haager J., 24 State 
 Haight A. S., 1 19 Franklin 
 Hall G. W.. 115 Broadway 
 Hall J. D., 176 Broadway 
 Halpin J. J., 83 Chambers 
 Hammond H. D., 51 Leonard 
 Harrington A. W., 69 Duane 
 Harton T. A. E Co, 84 Franklin 
 Harwood W. B., 23 Murray 
 Haslam & Hanks, 99 Franklin 
 Has well H., 99 Nassau 
 Hauschild & Esche 335 Broadway 
 Hawthorn & Co, 12 Courtlandt 
 Haydock J., 332 Broadway 
 Heller R. M., 216 Church 
 Hendrickson I. C, 237 Broadway 
 Heuacker J. E. 67 Barclay 
 Herzog T., 79 Leonard 
 Hicks Bros, 42 White 
 Hinman Bros, 359 Broadway 
 Hitchcock J. F., 297 Broadway 
 Hockmeyer Bros, 116 Franklin 
 Holden H., 513 Broadway 
 Holton E. C, 771 Broadway 
 Hughes G. F., 51 Leonard 
 Hurst J. N., 115 Worth 
 Hyde G. H., 712 Broadway 
 Hyer & Co, 335 Broadway 
 Hymes D., 118 Chambers 
 Jacoby C, 554 Broadway 
 Jenkins J. G., 8 Thomas 
 Jennings H. D., 34 Thomas 
 Judd F. F., 235 Greenwich 
 Kautsky K., 251 Broadway 
 Keep J. M., 183 Greenwich 
 Ketcham E., 103 Maiden lane 
 Klug F., 460 Broome 
 Kunz H., 122 Duane 
 Kutnow G., 658 Broadway 
 Lang O., 115 Worth 
 Lautenbach S., 323 Church 
 Lavendol E., 99 Franklin 
 
 7 6 
 
 
New York City : . . Lebel & Fisk, 4 College pi. 
 Levene & Co, 53 Franklin 
 Libbey B. E, 117 Waverly pi 
 Lord J. B., 115 Worth 
 Lyons A., 36 Maiden lane 
 McClain & Talbot,- no Worth 
 McCoy H. E., 56 Worth 
 McCrea J. E., 316 Church 
 McCreery W. A, 99 Franklin 
 McKean J., 86 Leonard 
 Macpherson I. R., 401 Broadway 
 Maduro S., 63 Murray 
 Maginnis W. H., 115 Worth 
 Mallory H. L., 107 Franklin 
 Mather J. W., 56 Worth 
 Meeks W. F. & Co, 9 Murray 
 Merritt G., 94 Liberty 
 Milliken T. K., 61 Leonard 
 Muehsam A., 13 w Broadway 
 Nock G. F., 176 Fulton 
 Norris W. K., 280 Broadway 
 Odell C. H., 15 Broad 
 Otensen C. G. C, 159 Chambers 
 Otto R. & Co, 102 Chambers 
 Phipps N. L., 56 Worth 
 Pittman W. R., 115 Worth 
 Price E. W., 17 Piatt 
 Raborg H. M., 88 Leonard 
 Rintoul J., 173 Greenwich 
 Robbins R. A., 141 Chambers 
 Robinson B. F., 51 Leonard 
 Roch L. G., 867 Broadway 
 Roeder George, 319 Broadway 
 Rogers H. D. & Co, 75 Maiden lane 
 Roraback J. O., 335 Broadway 
 Ross A., 335 Broadway 
 Ryan T. J. & E., 343 Broadway 
 Sanders H., 51 Leonard 
 Schnarr & Delius, 115 Worth 
 Scott W., 157 Broadway 
 Sealey A. A., 20 Nassau 
 Senior T. H., 57 Beekman 
 Sherman J., 296 Broadway 
 Silver J. S., 13 Barclay 
 Simmons W. A. & Co, 13 Barclay 
 Skirving W. B., 37 Beaver 
 Smith A. A., 86 Reade 
 Smith C. A., 409 Broadway 
 
 77 
 
New York City : . . Smith G. V., 104 Reade 
 
 Smith & Scherr, 99 Franklin 
 Smyth J. D., 335 Broadway 
 Snyder A. H. & Son, 70 Worth 
 Thatcher E. C, 150 Nassau 
 Thayer F. P. & Son, 18 Warren 
 Thompson R., 105 Chambers 
 Thorpe J., 5 Beekman 
 Tinagero J. F. & Co, 12 Old st 
 Tollett E. A., 176 Broadway 
 Tommins & Adams, 116 Chambers 
 Umphred Bros & Ferguson, 2314 2d av 
 Unger H. J., 115 Worth 
 Valentine & Flagler, 99 Franklin 
 Vanderbilt and Reynolds, 7 Lispenard 
 Vorhauer W., 29 Murray 
 Wade O., 71 Broadway 
 Wakefield W. L„ 77 Franklin 
 Wallach W., 231 Broadway 
 Webster C, 57 Leonard 
 Weir J. D. & Co, 78 Franklin 
 White T. C, 103 Chambers 
 Whitney A. R. & Co, 17 Broadway 
 Whitley & West, 323 Broadway 
 Whitney D. J., 47 Warren 
 Wilde C. E., 253 Church 
 Wiley M., 49 Lispenard 
 Willard W. A., 33 Chambers 
 Wilson & Bradbury, 95 Franklin 
 Winnant J. J., Jr. 32 Thomas 
 Wootton C. W., 99 Franklin 
 Wright S., Jr. 20 Lispenard 
 Zerfass C. E., 39 E 14th 
 
 Cincinnati, O: Chapin D. B., 4 w 2d 
 
 Cooke D. McK & Co, 49 w 2d 
 DeRuiter W. & Co, 15 w 2d 
 Durrell Bros, 25 w Pearl 
 Evans & Robertson, Chamber of Com- 
 merce building 
 Fullerton G. W. & Co, 8th c Sycamore 
 Goshorn A. O., 7 Hammond building 
 Hume & Beahr, 228 w 4th 
 Johnston Bros, 264 w 4th 
 Liebenstein L. K. & Co, 162 w 3d 
 Males H. W. & Co, 99 w 4th 
 Mendenhall D., 187 w 4th 
 Pollock & Co, 322 Main 
 
 78 
 
Cincinnati, O: . . 
 
 . Putnam, Hooker & Co, 52 w. 2d 
 
 
 Richardson H. M. & Co, 8 w. Pearl 
 
 
 Walter H. H., 107 w. 2d 
 
 
 Wessel, A. 53 w. 2d 
 
 
 White A. & Co, Pike's building 
 
 Cleveland, O : ... 
 
 ...Billow E. E. & Co., 158 Public square 
 
 
 Carlise M. W., 130 Water 
 
 
 Kennedy W. D. & Co, 122 Water 
 
 
 G. B. Johnson, 121 Superior 
 
 
 Patterson & Co, 45 Euclid av 
 
 
 George G. Wells, 89 St. Clair 
 
 
 Bates W. L. 
 
 
 Moore Brothers 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa: 
 
 . Aaron S. R., 610 Arch 
 
 
 Adams G., 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 Berry H. A., 20 n. 7th 
 
 
 Bierce C. E., 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 Brooks A. G., 619 Walnut 
 
 
 Brown T. H., 700 Arch 
 
 
 Bush C, (Iron), Drexel Bldg 
 
 
 Cake B. F., 69 N Front 
 
 
 Clayton T. H., 831 Arch 
 
 
 Gift & Wilcox, 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 W. W. Commins, 1017 Chestnut 
 
 
 Crawford, W. K., 905 Market 
 
 
 Crowell C. S., 707 Market 
 
 
 DaCosta H. R., 833 Arch 
 
 
 Davis C. S., 114 S. 6th 
 
 
 DeCasseres Elias G. 222 Market 
 
 
 DeCosta H. R. 833 Arch 
 
 
 Dennis G. W., 15 S. 9th 
 
 
 Douglass C C, 710 Sansom 
 
 
 Ennis C. H , 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 Fawcett T., 35 Strawberry 
 
 
 Gay L S., 64 N 4th 
 
 
 Gratz E., 236 Chestnut 
 
 
 Haverstick A , 700 Arch 
 
 
 Henry G. H , 236 Chestnut 
 
 
 Hinman C. C, 407 Walnut 
 
 
 Hofheimer M , 610 Arch 
 
 
 Hopkins & Small, 206 S. 5th 
 
 
 Jackson, Slaymaker & Co , 727 Market 
 
 • 
 
 Jenkins, W R., 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 Kyle J , 109 Front 
 
 
 Lamotte T. A. 415 Commerce 
 
 
 Levy A., 729 Market 
 
 
 Loomis C. H., 1020 Chestnut 
 
 
 Loomis K. 11 , 430 Walnut 
 
 79 
 
Philadelphia.Pa: McDonnell, C. A., 905 Market 
 
 Markley. T. W , 15 S. 9th 
 
 Merrill, V., 149 N. 3rd 
 
 Middleton A H., '24 N. Front 
 
 Miller W. H , 503 Arch 
 
 Mohr J. N., Bullitt Building 
 
 Newsome T, 41 Strawberry 
 
 Ottey E. H, 1002 Chestnut 
 
 Phillips F. R, 407 Walnut 
 
 Pollock A , 732 Arch 
 
 Raser, S. S , 512 Commerce 
 
 Reuben, S R, 6 10 Arch 
 
 Sheetz & Stephen, Drexel Building 
 
 Silberman M , 831 Arch 
 
 Simpson, H, Jr., 833 Arch 
 
 Smethurst W. A., 7 Bank 
 
 Storer G W , 149 N. 3d 
 
 Smith C W. R , 55 S. 3d 
 
 Stern M , 1345 Arch 
 
 Swift J. S., 1020 Chestnut 
 
 Taylor W. G , 37 S. Front 
 
 Thomas, E. i±., Bain bridge st. wharf 
 
 Tilton W. H., 1023 Market 
 
 Walker & Kepler, 108 S. 4th 
 
 Walnut T. H , 502 Market 
 
 Weatherly W. L., 214 Church 
 
 Wilcox H. A , 1020 Chestnut 
 
 Wilson S. W., 119 S. 4th 
 
 Yerkes S., 622 Chestnut 
 Pittabuig, Pa:...Beggs H. C, 801 Liberty av 
 
 Black H. M. & Co;, 821 Penn av 
 
 Camp H. E., 901 Liberty av 
 
 Carter, Macy & Co., Penn bldg 
 
 Colville W. W. 811 Hamilton bldg 
 
 Dalzell A. F., Penn bldg 
 
 Davis H.H., 99 Water 
 
 Davis E. & J., 115 Water 
 
 Deardorff I. L., 702 Penn bldg 
 
 De Noon Bros. & Ewing, 5 7tb av 
 
 Forner W. F., 5 7th av 
 
 Gwen J. M., 59 9th 
 
 Kirby J. M., (dry goods, notions), 15 7th av 
 
 McLean A. C, 52 9th 
 
 Magnus J. W., 2 Jackson bldg 
 
 Messing & Co., 20 5th av 
 
 Overend J. W. (notions), 543 Wood 
 
 Price W. P., 137 1st av 
 
 Sellers F. & Co., 615 Penn bldg 
 
Pittsburg, Pa : Stuart & Corse (dry goods, etc.), 36 6th 
 
 Swearingen C, 58 9th 
 
 Thirtle J , (boots & shoes), 533 Smithfield 
 Chattanooga, Tenn : Martendale & Acosta 
 Galveston, Tex:...Hennessy P. H. & Co 
 
 Hughes W. J. & Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis : Cohen Alex, 587 Jackson St 
 
 ARMS. 
 Los Angelos, Cal : Tufts-Lyons Arms Co 
 San Francisco, Cal : Jones, McCracken & Co 
 Denver, Col : Hilter & Reedman 
 
 Lower J. P. & Sons 
 Hartford, Conn : Colt's Pat. Fire Arms Mfg Co 
 The Billings & Spencer Co 
 The Catling Gun Co 
 Meriden, Conn : Parker Bros 
 New Haven, Conn : N. D. Folsom & Co 
 
 Marlin Fire Arms Co 
 
 Strong Fire Arms Co 
 
 Winchester Repealing Arms Co 
 Norwich, Conn : Bacon Arms Co 
 
 Hopkins & Allen Mfg Co 
 Chicago, 111 : GrimmRudolf 
 
 Graff & Jordan 
 
 Chicago Gun & Cuttlery (Jo 
 
 Jenny & Graham Gun Co 
 New Orleans, La: H. & D. Folsom Arms Co 
 Boston, Mass :...John P. Lovell Arms Co 
 Worcester, Mass : Foreand & Wadsworth 
 
 Harrington and Richardson Arms Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo; E. C. Meacham Arms Co 
 
 Omaha, Neb: The Collins Gun Co 
 
 Manchester, N. H: Killey & Wadleigh 
 Jersey City, N. J : Star Pistol Co 
 Buffalo, N. Y : ... Buffalo Arms Co 
 Cortland N. Y:...F. A. Bickford & Co 
 
 Ilion, N. Y : E. Remington & Sons 
 
 Ithaca, N. Y: Baker, MclnUre & Van Natta 
 
 New York City :...Alford & Berkele Co 
 
 Merwin, Hurlburt & Co 
 
 C. E. Overbaugh & Co 
 
 Pneum. Dynamite Gun Co 
 
 Wiebuck & Hilger 
 
 W. D. Chapman, Sons & Co 
 Lefever Arms Co 
 Syracuse Forging & Gun Co 
 Cincinnati, 0:...Brande Arms Co 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 Syracuse, N. Y : 
 
 8i 
 
Cincinnati, 0: B. Kittridge Arms Co 
 
 Clark, Widdifield & Co 
 
 Cleveland, 0: The Chamberlin Cartridge Co 
 
 Hummel' s Wharf, Pa : Baum & Co 
 
 Nazareth, Pa: H. James & Sons 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. : The Foehl & Weeks Fire Arms Mfg Co 
 
 E. K. Tryon, Jr. & Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis. : J. Meunier Gun Co 
 
 BARBERS' AND DENTISTS' CHAIRS. 
 
 Chicago, 111: Hornung Mfg Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Koken Barbers' Supply Co 
 
 New York City : ... Rlingler S , 30 S. 5th av 
 
 Schwaab Adam 
 Rochester, N. Y:.. Archer Mfg Co 
 
 Canton, 0: Canton Dental & Surgical Chair Co 
 
 Cincinnati, :... Berninghaus Eugene 
 
 BICYCLES AND TRICYCLES. 
 
 Hartford, Conn :...Weed Sewing Machine Co 
 Chicago, 111 : Pierre Geo. N., & Co 
 
 Pope Mfg Co 
 
 Western Wheel Works 
 
 Boston, Mass : Wm. Read & Sons 
 
 St. Louis, Mo:... St. Louis Wheel Co 
 
 Knight Cycle Co 
 Newark, N. J. :... H. B. Smith Machine Co 
 Philadelphia, Pa; Strong & Green Cycle Co 
 
 Sweeting Cycle Co 
 
 BILLIARD TABLE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 SanFrancisco,Cal : Brunswicke Billiard Table Manf. Co 
 
 Chicago, 111; The Brunswick, Balke Collender Co 
 
 Boston, Mass: Came J. E. & Co 
 
 Detroit, Mich: The Schulenburg Manfg Co 
 
 New York City Griffith Wm. H. & Co 
 
 Cincinnati, 0: National Billiard Manfg Co 
 
 BITTERS MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 SanFrancisco,Cal : Ruther & Bendixon 
 
 Sherwood & Sherwood 
 St. Louis, Mo ;..... Home Manfg Co 
 Louisville, Ky :... Green N. & Co 
 New York City Balfe & Co 
 
 BLACKING MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Boston, Mass: Brown B. F. & Co 
 
 Cahill M. S. & Co 
 
 82 
 
New York City Bixby S. M. & Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : Porpoisine Mnfg Co 
 
 BOAT BUILDERS. 
 
 Wilmington, Del : Bannar & Munn 
 
 Drein T. & Son 
 
 Chicage, 111: Kane, Thomas & Son 
 
 Detroit, Mich: Campan S. 
 
 Jersey City, N.J: Hofmeyer C. G. 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y :...Ayers Sam 
 
 New York City Glore Andrew & Son 
 
 Hayes E. A. 
 Peekskill, N.Y :...Osborn Wm. R. 
 Troy, N. Y : Waters S. & Sons 
 
 BOILER MAKERS. 
 
 Sacramento, Cal : Sacramento Boiler and Iron Works 
 SanFrancisco,Cal : Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works 
 
 Denver, Col: Star Boiler and Sheet Iron Works 
 
 Waterbury, Conn: Waterbury Steam Boiler Works 
 
 Chicago, III: Hazleton Tripod Boiler Co 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind : Bass Foundry and Machine Works 
 Baltimore, Md .-...Poole Root. & Son Co 
 Worcester, Mass : Worcester Boiler Works 
 Minneapolis, Minn : Minneapolis Boiler Co 
 St Paul, Minn:. ..North western Boiler Works 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Rohan Bros. Iron Works 
 
 Albany, N. Y : Ferguson Boiler Co 
 
 Buffalo, NY: Lake Erie Boiler Works 
 
 Cincinnati, : The Tudor Boiler Manfg Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : Harrison Safety Boiler Works 
 Pittsburgh, Pa:...Lappan James & Co 
 
 BOND AND BLANK CERTIFICATES. 
 
 Boston, Mass: Heliotype Printing Co 
 
 New York City... American Bank Note Co 
 
 BRASS WORKS. 
 
 San Francisco Cal : Roylaure 1. 
 
 Denver, Col: Denver Brass Works 
 
 Waterbury, Conn:The Plume & Atwood Mfg Co 
 
 Belleville, III: Jones Jam. Mfg Co 
 
 Chicago 111: Chicago Brass Works 
 
 Crane Bros. Mfg Co 
 Louisville, Ky ;... Eagle Brass Works 
 
 Novelty Brass Foundry 
 Boston, Mass: Edsou Mfg Co 
 
 Foster Wm. T. & Co 
 
 83 
 
Detroit, Mich: Detroit Sheet Metal & Brass Works 
 
 Galvin Brass & Iron Works 
 St. Paul, Minn :... Northwestern Copper & Brass Works 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Central Union Brass Co 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y:.. Lewis & Fowler Mfg Co 
 New York City;...Palmenbergs I R , & Sons 
 
 Power Maurice J 
 
 Cincinnati, : Lunkenheimer Brass Mfg Co 
 
 Cleveland, 0; American Bronze Works 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:..Bureau Bros 
 
 Perkers Chas 
 Pittsburg, Pa: Carbon Bronze Co 
 
 CAR BUILDERS. 
 
 Oakland, Cal : Burnham, Standeford & Co 
 
 San Francisco, Cal : Carter Bros 
 Bridgeport, Conn; Rolling Stock Co 
 Wilmington, Del: Delaware Car works 
 Jacksonville, Fla: Jacksonville Car Comp 
 Chicago, 111: Arms' Palace Horse Car Co 
 
 Canda Cattle Car Co 
 
 Terre Haute Car Mfg Co 
 
 The U. St. Rolling Stock Co 
 
 Pullman, III: The Pullman Car Comp 
 
 Portland, Me: Portland Co 
 
 Detroit, Mich: Michigan Car Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo Brownell & Wright Car Co 
 
 St. Louis Car Comp 
 Brooklyn, N. Y:.. Lewis & Fowler Mfg Co 
 New York City :.. The Harlan & Hollingsworth Co 
 
 The Iron Car Comp 
 
 Stephenson John, Comp 
 
 Union Palace Car Co 
 
 Wagner Palace Car Co 
 
 Woodruff Sleeping & Parlor Car Co 
 
 Troy, N. Y : Gilbert. Car Manfg Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa: The Allison Manfg Co 
 
 CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Montgomery, Ala: Montgomery Carriage Works 
 San Franciseo, Cal :..Sanborn A. W., & Co 
 
 Whaff & Dudley 
 Denver, Col: Butler, Wyman & Atwood 
 
 The Robertson & Doll Carriage Co 
 
 Woeber Bro. Carriage Co 
 New Haven Conn :..Cruttenden & Co 
 
 Hooker Henry, & Co 
 
 New Haven Carriage Co 
 
 84 
 
Chicago, 111 : Edwards H. J., & Sons 
 
 Staver H. C , Mfg Co 
 
 Weber Wagon Co 
 South Bend, Ind : Studebaker Bros Manfg Co 
 Davenport,Iowa : Lamp P. & Co 
 TopekaAKansaa : Walter J. W. & Son 
 Louisville, Ky /...Ruby Carriage Manfg Co 
 New Orleans, La : Garland & Kaler 
 
 Portland, Me : Martin Plennell & Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md :...Kunkel John N. & Co 
 Boston, Mass : Colman Moses & Son 
 
 French Fred. F. & Co 
 
 Hall James & Son 
 
 Nichols, D. P. & Co 
 
 Sargent Francis & Co 
 
 Detroit, Mich : Columbus Buggy Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn : Moline Milburn & Stoddard Co 
 
 Northwestern Impl. and Wagon Co 
 
 Smith Wagon and Implement Co 
 St. Paul, Minn : ..Northwestern Wagon and Carriane Co 
 
 St. Paul Carriage Co 
 
 St Paul Park Carriage Co 
 St. Louis, Mo : Haydock Brothers 
 
 Moon Brothers 
 
 Schelp Wagon and Carriage Co 
 
 Omaha, Neb: Novelty Carriage Works 
 
 Newark, N. J : Colyer J., & Co 
 
 Kelly & Co 
 
 Qumby J. M , & Co 
 
 Allen & Smith 
 
 Albany, N. Y: Standard Wagon Co 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y :..Bungarz Stage and Wagon Works 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y : Strasser Wagon Works 
 
 Newbury, N. Y :.. Bazzoni L. J. 
 Few York City :.. Babcock H. H., Co 
 
 Borrho Jacob 
 
 Bradley & Co 
 
 Demarest A. T., & Co 
 
 Lowdon & Rutherford 
 
 Fifth Wheel Co 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y :Reed & Dorland 
 Rochester, N. Y :.. Cunningham James, & Son 
 Syracuse, N, Y:... Whitney Wagon Works 
 
 Troy, N. Y : Troy Carriage Works 
 
 Durham, N. C : Durham Carriage Works 
 Cincinnati, : Enterprise Carriage Mfg Co 
 
 Favorite Carriage (Jo 
 
 Lippelmann Carriage Co 
 
 85 
 
Cincinnati, : Miller's Geo. C, & Sons 
 
 Overman Carriage Co 
 
 Cleveland, 0: Cleveland & Brooklyn Carriage & Wagon 
 
 Works 
 Allegheny. Pa :... West E., & Sons 
 Philadelphia, Pa: Braithwait R. M., & Co 
 
 Caffrey Chas. S. Co 
 
 Hunt William, & Son 
 
 Rogers William D., Sons & Co 
 
 Union Hub, Spoke and Wheel Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa : Glesencamp L., & Son 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn :..Knoxville Buggy Works 
 
 Knoxville Carriage Factory 
 Nashville, Tenn ;.. Cherry, Morrow & Co 
 
 Dallas Tex : East Dallas Mfg Works 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah :.. People's Implement Co 
 Richmond, Va :... McDonough J , & Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis:..Brown T. H., & Co 
 
 Milwaukee Buggy Co 
 Racine, Wis :...'.. .Fish Brothers 
 
 Racine Wagon and Carriage Co 
 
 CHEMICAL WORKS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal: California Chemical Works 
 Pacific " " 
 
 San Francisco •' " 
 
 Western Mineral Co 
 
 Denver, Colo: Colorado Chemical Works 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn: Fairfield Chemical Works 
 Glenbrook, Conn : The C H. Phillips Co 
 Hartford, Conn : Beach & Co 
 
 Sisson T. & Co 
 Louisville, Ky:...Struss Chemical Works 
 Baltimore, Md :... Lazaretto Chemical Works 
 
 Miller H. S. & Co 
 
 Monumental Chemical Co 
 Boston, Mass Egyptian Chemical Co 
 
 Enterprise Chemical Co 
 Detroit, Mich :... Parke Davis & Co 
 St. Louis, Mo:...Alfi° Chas. Chemical Works 
 
 Davy Chemical Works 
 
 Herf & Fredricks Chemical Works 
 Jersey City, N.J : Tartar Chemical Works 
 Newark, N. J: Hanson, VanWinkle & Co 
 
 King Chemical Works 
 
 Technical Chemical Works 
 Albany, N. Y :... Albany Chemical Works 
 New York City :..American Chemical Works 
 
 86 
 
Atlaniic Chemical Co 
 
 Borgenport Chemical Co 
 
 Crown Chemical Works 
 
 New York Organic Chemical Works 
 
 Passaic Chemical Works 
 
 Union Chemical Works 
 
 The Zucker & Levett Chemical Co 
 Cincinnati, O: Berghausen Chemical Co 
 
 Central Chemical and Manfacturing Co 
 
 The Merrell Chemical Co 
 Cleveland, 0: Rosenwasser Laboratory 
 
 Standard Chemical Co 
 
 Chester, Pa: Geo. S Coyne 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa: Pennsylvania Chemical Works 
 Providence, R. I . Rumford Chemical Works 
 Richmond, Va :... Richmond Chemical Works 
 
 Ansonia, Conn : . 
 Bridgeport, Conn : 
 
 Hartford, Conn : 
 
 ELECTRICAL INSTRUMENTS. 
 
 (See also Machines.) 
 
 Los Angelos, Cal : Los Angelos Electrical Works 
 Sacramento, Cal : Pacific Electrical Works 
 San Diego, Cal : San Diego Electrical Works 
 San Francisco, Cal : Cal. Electric Light Co 
 Cal. Electric Works 
 Electrical Supply Co 
 Hatteroth & Russ 
 The Electric Supply Co 
 New England Electric Supply Co 
 Star Electric Co 
 Billings & Spencer Co 
 Standard Electric Co 
 Waterhouse Electric & Mnfg Co 
 Manchester, Conn: Mather Electric Co 
 Middleton, Conn: Schuyler Electric Co 
 New Haven, Conn : H. B Cox Electric Co 
 Elm City Electric Co 
 G. H. Simmons 
 Torrington, Conn : Union Hardware Co 
 Waterbury, Conn : Connecticut Electric Co 
 
 Electr. Appliance Mfg. Co 
 Standard Electric Time Co 
 Woolworth & White Co 
 Eddy Electric Mfg. Co 
 J. U. Burket 
 J. H. Kuehling 
 G. C. Maynard 
 Royce & Marean 
 
 Windsor, Conn : . 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Washington, D C : 
 
 87 
 
Atlanta, Ga : . . 
 
 . Cole, Gentry & Co 
 
 Chicago, 111 : . . 
 
 . American Electric Meter Co 
 
 
 J. Annussen 
 
 
 P. Atkinson 
 
 
 Automat. Temp. Regulating Co 
 
 
 F. Bain 
 
 
 L. S. Baldwin & Co 
 
 
 Belding Motor & Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Bid well Electric Rasho & Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Central Electric Co 
 
 
 Chicago Electric Service Co 
 
 
 E. Chiles 
 
 
 H. P. Comstock 
 
 
 Cowl & Van Denburgh 
 
 
 G. Cutter 
 
 
 Daft Electric Co 
 
 
 Darche Electric Co 
 
 
 Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Electric Protection Supply Co 
 
 
 Electric Construction Co 
 
 
 The Electric Supply Co 
 
 
 Electro-Optic Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Faraday Carbon Co 
 
 Chicago, 111 : . . 
 
 . Fowler & Co 
 
 
 Franklin Electric Co 
 
 
 J. W. Glass & Co 
 
 
 E. E. Harbert & Co 
 
 
 G. A. Harmount 
 
 
 E. Hoefer 
 
 
 III. Angle Am. Storage Battery Co 
 
 
 Knapp Electrical Works 
 
 
 J. Lang & Co 
 
 
 Mcintosh Battery & Optical Co 
 
 
 H, Newgard 
 
 
 Nutting Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 
 J. D. O'Neil 
 
 
 The Owen Electr. Belt & Appliance Co 
 
 
 Pumpelly Stor. Bat. & Electr. Motor Co 
 
 
 Sanden Electric Co 
 
 
 Sprague Electric Equipment Co 
 
 
 Standard Underground Cable Co 
 
 
 Western Electric Co 
 
 Rockford, 111 : . 
 
 . Rockford Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind : 
 
 . Star Iron Tower Co 
 
 Richmond, Ind : 
 
 . Home Electric Appliance Co 
 
 Terre Haute, Ind : 
 
 . Electrical Mfg. Co 
 
 Davenport, Iowa : 
 
 . Hawkeye Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 88 
 
Des Moines, Iowa 
 
 : Hess Electrical Co 
 
 
 F. H. Waiting & Co 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa : . 
 
 Dubuque Electric Works 
 
 Topeka, Kansas: . 
 
 Kansas Electric Co 
 
 Louisville, Ky : . 
 
 Standard Electric Co 
 
 
 Gaynor Electric Co 
 
 
 American Semaphore Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md : . 
 
 . Automatic Switch Co 
 
 
 J. A. Barret Battery Co 
 
 
 Marr Construction Co 
 
 
 Maryland Electric Motor Co 
 
 
 The Pope Electric Co 
 
 
 Southern Electric Co 
 
 Attleboro, Mass : 
 
 . Smi'h Electric Co 
 
 Boston, Mass: . 
 
 American Electric Register Co 
 
 
 American Magnetic Electric Co 
 
 
 Automatic Electric Service Co 
 
 
 Boston Electric Co 
 
 
 Campbell Electrical Supply Co 
 
 
 Connelly Electric Heat Regulator Co 
 
 
 Consolidated Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Crosby Electric House Signal Co 
 
 
 C. & C. Electric Motor Co 
 
 
 Eastern Electric Cable Co 
 
 Boston, Mass : . 
 
 Electrical Accumulator Co 
 
 
 Electric Development & Mfg. Co 
 
 
 The Electric Gas Lighting Co 
 
 
 The Electric & Machine Co 
 
 
 Enos Electric System Co 
 
 
 Eureka Door & Call Bell Co 
 
 
 Gould-Tisdale Railway Signal Co 
 
 
 Gray's Dynamo-Electric Machine Co 
 
 
 Holtzer-Cabot Electric Co 
 
 
 Mansfield Electric Co 
 
 
 National Electric Service Co 
 
 
 Redding Electrical Co 
 
 
 Simple & Electrical Co 
 
 
 U. S. Electric Light & Battery Co 
 
 
 Ziegler Bros 
 
 Cambridgeport,Mass : Shaefer Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 Maiden, Mass : . . 
 
 B. S. Hale & Son 
 
 Taunton, Mass : . 
 
 Taunton Electrical Supply Co 
 
 Detroit, Mich : . 
 
 Commercial Electric Co 
 
 
 Detroit Electrical Works 
 
 
 Detroit Motor Co 
 
 
 Electrical Construction Co 
 
 
 Michigan Electric Service Co 
 
 89 
 
Detroit, Mich : . . Michigan Electric Works 
 Woodward Electrical Co 
 
 East Saginaw, Mich : Electrical Supply Co 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich ; Peninsular Electric Co 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich : Electro Medical Battery Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn : Bell Electric Co 
 
 Minneapolis Electric & Construction Co 
 St. Paul, Minn : . . Acme Electric Co 
 
 Northern Electr. Construct. & Sup Co 
 
 Thompson-Houston Electric Co 
 
 Weston Electric Light Co 
 Kansas City, Mo : . Gate City Electric Co 
 
 Southwestern Electrical Supply Co 
 St. Joseph, Mo: . . St. Juseph Electrical Supply Co 
 St. Louis, Mo : . . Electric Supply Co 
 
 Fidelity Carbon Mfg. Co 
 
 St. Louis Electrical Co 
 Omaha, Nebr : . . Midland Electric Co 
 
 Nebraska Electric Co 
 
 L. W. Wolfe & Co 
 Manchester, N. H : Electrical Machine Co 
 Camden, N. J : . . Applegate Electric Floor Mat Mfg. Co 
 Albany, N. Y : . . Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 Hamilton Electric Works 
 
 Robinson Electric Works 
 Auburn, N. Y : . . Auburn Electric Supply Co 
 Brooklyn, N. Y: . Th C. H. Carter Co 
 
 Electron Mfg. Co 
 
 N. Y. & Brooklyn Electric Co 
 Buffalo, N. Y : . . Buffalo Electric Co 
 
 G. N. Brown & Co 
 
 T. & E. Dickinson 
 
 Valentine & Son 
 New York City : . American Electric Works 
 
 Arnon & Hochhauson Electric Co 
 
 Barr Electr. Mfg. Co 
 
 Abr. L. Bogart 
 
 J. H. Bunnell & Co 
 
 Complete Electiic Construction Co 
 
 Electric Construction & Supply Co 
 
 Electric Power Controller Co 
 
 Electric Signal Mfg. Co 
 
 Empire City Electric Co 
 
 E. S. Greeley & Co 
 
 Hartford Dynamic Co 
 
 Herzog Teleseme Co 
 
 Jerome Kidder Mfg. Co 
 
 90 
 
New York City : . 
 
 New York Electric Supply Co 
 
 
 Westinghouse Electric Co 
 
 Schenectady, N.Y 
 
 : Edison Machine Works 
 
 Syracuse, N.Y:. 
 
 . Electrical Mfg. Co 
 
 Troy, N. Y : . . 
 
 . Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio : 
 
 . The Homann Model Works 
 
 
 Standard Electrical Works 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio : 
 
 . The Cleveland Electrical Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Electric Supply & Mfg Co 
 
 
 Fletcher & Fletcher 
 
 
 The Globe Carbon Co 
 
 
 Miller Electric Co 
 
 
 The National Carbon Co 
 
 
 The Standard Carbon Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 Cleverly Electrical Works 
 
 
 Eddy Electric Mfg. Co 
 
 
 The Electro Dynamic Co 
 
 
 Grover Electric Co 
 
 
 National Electric Co 
 
 
 Novelty Electric Works 
 
 
 Quaker City Electric Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: . . 
 
 Electric Supply & Construction Co 
 
 
 Empire Electric Carbon Co 
 
 
 Keystone Construction Co 
 
 
 Westinghouse Electric Co 
 
 Providence, R. I : 
 
 . American Electrical Works 
 
 
 Russell Electrical Mfg. Co 
 
 Nashville, Tenn : 
 
 . Electric Fare Box Co 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis : . 
 
 Duerr & Rohn 
 
 
 Johnson Electric Service Co 
 
 ELEVATOR MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 Cahill & Hall 
 
 
 A. J. McNirall & Co 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn : 
 
 Pacific Iron Works 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 : F. C Carmon Mfg. Co 
 
 
 The Frisbee Co 
 
 Atlanta, Ga : . . . 
 
 A. B. See Mfg. Co 
 
 Chicago, 111 : . . . 
 
 Crane Elevator Co 
 
 
 Ellithorpe Air Hrake Co 
 
 
 Hale Elevator Co 
 
 
 Tuerk Hydraulic Power Co 
 
 Louisville, Ky., 
 
 Ainslie, Cochran & Co 
 
 
 Geiger & Fiske 
 
 
 Grainger & Co 
 
 
 Louisville Machine & Elevator Works 
 
 
 Union Machine Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md : . 
 
 . Bartlett, Hayward & Co 
 
 91 
 
Baltimore, Md : . . 
 
 James Bates 
 
 
 E. Frank & Son 
 
 
 Snowden & Cowman 
 
 Boston, Mass : . . 
 
 Elias Brewer 
 
 
 L. S. Graves & Son 
 
 
 Hawkins Machine Co 
 
 
 Holmes & Blanchard 
 
 
 Lowell Machine Shop 
 
 
 Moore & Wyman 
 
 Holyoke, Mass : . 
 
 Holyoke Machine Works 
 
 Detroit, Mich : . 
 
 Mich. Elevator & Engine Co 
 
 Kansas City, Mo : . 
 
 The Cookson Iron Works 
 
 
 Kansas City Elevator Mfg. Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo : . . 
 
 John S. Beggs & Co 
 
 
 Miller & Say lor 
 
 Newark, N. J : . 
 
 Currier & Sons 
 
 
 Skinner & Leary 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y : . 
 
 A. B. See Brooklyn 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y : . . 
 
 Howard Iron Works 
 
 New York City : . 
 
 The Ellithorpe Air Brake Co 
 
 
 L. S. Graves & Sons 
 
 
 Horoan Bros. & Couch 
 
 
 McGregor Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Otis Brothers & Co 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y : . 
 
 . E. W. Houser 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio 
 
 The Jas. L. Haven Co 
 
 
 C. G. Scott & Co 
 
 
 Warner Elevator Mfg. Co 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio : 
 
 The Cleveland Elevator Co 
 
 Toledo, Ohio : . , 
 
 Smith & Haldeman Elevator Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 : Harrington, Edwinson & Co 
 
 
 McCalvey Elevator Works 
 
 
 Morse, Williams & Co 
 
 
 Richards Elevator Works 
 
 
 Stokes & Parish Elevator Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: . 
 
 . Marshall Bros 
 
 
 Iron City Elevator & Mach. Works 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis 
 
 Kieckhefer Elevator Co 
 
 FURNACE FACTORIES. 
 
 Birmingham, Ala 
 
 : Alice Furnace Co 
 
 Gadsden, Ala: . 
 
 Coosa Furnace Co 
 
 Denver, Colo : . . 
 
 Colorado Furnace Works 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 : The Raymond Furnace & Mfg. Co 
 
 Chicago, 111 : . . 
 
 The Boynton Furnace Co 
 
 
 Butman Furnace Co 
 
 
 Magee Furnace Co 
 
 
 Peace Furnace Co 
 
 92 
 
Chicago, 111 : . . 
 Boston, Mass : . 
 
 New York City 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 Syracuse, N. Y : 
 Cincinnati, Ohio : 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio: 
 
 Columbus, Ohio : 
 
 Dayton, Ohio : . 
 Toledo, Ohio : . 
 Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa : . 
 
 Milwaukee Wis : 
 
 Servoss Furnace Co 
 Boston Furnace Co 
 Kohler Furnace & Steam Heat Co 
 Earl B. Chace & Co 
 J. L. Mott Iron Works 
 National Stove Co 
 Richardson & Boynton Co 
 The Richardson & Morgan Co 
 The Simonds Mfg. Co 
 Eureka Steam Heating Co 
 Howard Furnace Co 
 P. Kiefer, Jr., & Bros 
 J. Rink & Son 
 
 W. Miller Range & Furnace Co 
 Beecher Furnace Co 
 F. & H. Born 
 W. A. Smith & Co 
 Columbus Warm Air Furnace Co 
 Vogdsang Furnace Co 
 Phoenix Iron Works 
 Isaar D. Snead & Co 
 The Start Peterson Co 
 James P. Wood & Co 
 . Swindell & Smythe Co 
 Swindell Wm. & Bros 
 . L. J. Mueller Furnace Co 
 Schwab & Sercomb 
 
 FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco Cal 
 
 Denver Colo : 
 Bridgeport Conn : 
 
 Hartford Conn : . 
 New Haven Conn: 
 Chicago 111 : . . . 
 
 Louisville Ky 
 Portland Me : 
 
 :West Coast Furniture Co 
 Wolf Braas & Valentin 
 Cooper Hagus Furniture Co 
 Furniture Mnfg Co 
 Lieberum Bro 
 The Hartford Furniture Co 
 The New Haven Rattan Co 
 American Desk & Seating Co 
 Bruschke Furniture Co 
 Chicago Iron Bedstead Co 
 Chicago Parlor Suit Co 
 Crocker Chair Co 
 Halvorson Furniture Co 
 Hildreth Furniture Co 
 National School Furnishing Co 
 W. D Snyder Furniture Co 
 Kentucky Furniture Mnfg Co 
 Louisville Mnfg Co 
 N. J. Hilln 
 
 93 
 
Baltimore Md : . 
 
 Camden Furniture Co 
 
 
 The P. Hiss Mnfg Co 
 
 
 Maryland Furniture Co 
 
 Boston Mass : . 
 
 . Bardwell Anderson & Co 
 
 
 Daniels Badger & Co 
 
 
 Derby & Kilmer Desk Co 
 
 
 Dorchester Furniture Co 
 
 
 Fairfield Furniture Co 
 
 
 New England Furniture Co 
 
 
 B. C. Noyes & Co 
 
 
 Quigley Furniture Co 
 
 
 George F. Roach & Co 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich : Winchester Furniture Co 
 
 
 Berkey & Gay Furniture Co 
 
 
 Grand Rapids Chair Co 
 
 
 McCord & Bradfield Furniture Co 
 
 
 Phoenix Furniture Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo : . 
 
 . Burrell Comstock & Co 
 
 
 J. H. Conrades Chair Co 
 
 
 Missouri Furniture Co 
 
 
 Jos. Peters Furniture Co 
 
 
 St. Louis Furn. Workers Association 
 
 
 Western Furniture Co 
 
 Albany N. Y : . 
 
 . W. A. Choate & Co 
 
 Brooklyn N. Y : 
 
 . Brooklyn Furniture Co 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y : . 
 
 . Buffalo Parlor Furniture Co 
 
 
 Morgan Furniture Co 
 
 
 Tifft Furniture Co 
 
 New York City : 
 
 . Berkey & Gay Furniture Co 
 
 
 B. M. Cowperthwait & Co 
 
 
 Geo. Flint Co 
 
 
 The Hale & Kilbun Mfg Co 
 
 
 Herter Bros 
 
 
 Hoskins & Sewell 
 
 
 Knapp Sheppard & Co 
 
 
 J. & J. Kolin 
 
 
 J. W. Mason & Co 
 
 
 New York Brass Furniture Co 
 
 
 The New York Furniture Co 
 
 
 Pottier Stymus & Co 
 
 
 W. Schwarzwalder & Co 
 
 
 Tiffany J. B. & Co 
 
 Syracuse N. Y : 
 
 Syracuse Cab Co 
 
 Cincinnati : • 
 
 . The Alms Mnfg Co 
 
 
 The Ballman Hugenberg Co 
 
 
 Central Furniture Association 
 
 
 Cincinnati Bedstead Co 
 
 
 Cincinnati Chair Co 
 
 94 
 
Cincinnati, O : . . Front Street Furniture Co 
 
 Liberty Furniture Co 
 
 Royal Parlor Furniture Co 
 Cleveland O : . . Cleveland Furniture Co 
 
 National Furniture Co 
 Toledo O : . . . . The Schauss Mnfg 
 Philadelphia Pa : The Hale Kilburn Mnfg Co 
 
 A. Lincoln & Son 
 
 Williamsport Furniture Mnfg Co 
 Pittsburg Pa : . . Dauler Close & Johns 
 Nashville Tenn : . Edgefield & Nashville Mnfg Co 
 Milwaukee Wis : Farrington Poplar Furniture Co 
 
 Northwest Furniture Co 
 
 Otto. J. Schoenleber 
 
 A. F. Tanner Furniture Co 
 
 W. S. Seaman Co 
 
 Cream City Furniture Co 
 
 GAS AND OIL FACTORIES. 
 
 San Diego Cal : . San Diego Trading Co 
 
 San Francisco Cal : Am Pat Gas Range & Liq. Fuel Co 
 T. Day & Co 
 
 Chicago 111 : . . . Adams & Westlake Co 
 American Meter Co 
 Chicago Gas Stove Co 
 The Gas Consumer's Protect, Co 
 The Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co 
 George Harris 
 Hess Stove Works 
 G. F. Higgin Manufacturing Co 
 Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co 
 U. S. Oil and Gas Stove Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md:.. Collins Stove Co 
 
 C. Y Davidson & Co 
 P. Kries & Co 
 W. E. Wood & Co 
 
 Boston, Mass:. . .Barstow Stove Co 
 
 Burrows Manufacturing Co 
 
 Champion Gas Heater Co 
 
 Dinsmore Manufacturing Co 
 
 Florence Machine Co 
 
 Generating Gas Stove Co 
 
 Maryland Meter and Manufacturing Co 
 
 Monitor Oil Stove Co 
 
 H. A Norton 
 
 W. F. Shaw 
 
 Waldo Brothers 
 
 C. W. Wheelock & Co 
 
 95 
 
St. Louis, Mo: 
 
 Brooklyn, NY: 
 New York City; 
 
 Florence, Mass:. Florence Machine Co 
 
 Gardner, Mass:. .American Oil Stove Co 
 
 Springfield, Mass: J. L. Griswold 
 
 Worcester, Mass: W. H. Thurston 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn: Eureka Kerosene and Gas Heater Co 
 
 St. Paul, Minn:.. Minnesota Machine Co 
 
 R. Seeger 
 
 G. Beck & Co 
 
 Quick Meal Stove Co 
 
 St Louis Gasoline Stove Mf'g Co 
 
 Twin Burner Stove Co 
 
 Whorf Gas Stove Co 
 . Adams & Westlake Co 
 , American Gas Pressure Regal. Co 
 
 American Meter Co 
 
 R. E. Dietz Co 
 
 Goodwin Gas Stove and Meter Co 
 
 Sheldon Manufacturing Co 
 
 Union Gas and Oil Stove Co 
 .American Meter Co 
 
 F. Dieckman 
 
 Werner, Dodd & Co 
 
 Gas Illuminating Co 
 .Daugler Stove Manufacturing Co 
 
 Ohio Gas Heating and Dryer Co 
 .Van Wie Gas Stove Co 
 
 Toledo, O: R. G Bacon Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa: Bell & Jones 
 
 The Goodwin G;is Stove and Meter Co 
 
 W. S. Lieber 
 
 H. A. Willes 
 Providence, R. I: Gas Retort Stove Co 
 
 A. W. Faichild 
 
 Providence Vapor and Oil Stove Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis:. Brand Co The 
 
 Milwaukee Gas Heating Co 
 
 HARDWARE, CUTLERY, SPRINGS, ETC. 
 
 Berlin, Conn: . . .Peck, Stow & Wilcox Co 
 Birmingham, Conn: The Birmingham Plow MPg Co 
 Bridgeport, Conn: E. S. Hotchkiss 
 
 The Smith & Egge Manufacturing Co 
 Collinsville, Conn: The Collins Co 
 Hartford, Conn:. The Charles Parker Co 
 West Winsted, Conn: T. C Richard's Hardware Co 
 Chicago, 111: . ..Buffalo Specialty Manufacturing Co 
 
 Capitol Manufacturing Co 
 
 Reading Hardware Co 
 
 Cincinnati, O:. 
 
 Cleveland, O:. 
 Cleveland, O:. 
 
 9 6 
 
Dubuque, Iowa:.Schrieber & Couchar Manufacturing Co 
 Bridgeport, Conn: Bridgeport Spring Co 
 
 Spring Perch Co 
 
 The Fairist Steel Co 
 Waterbury, Conn: The Henry Spring Co 
 Chicago, 111: ... .Chicago Tire and Spring Co 
 
 The Rocker Spring Co 
 Boston, Mass:. . .The Boston Car Spring Co 
 St. Louis, Mo: . .St. Louis Spring Co 
 Cincinnati, O.. . .The Cincinnati Spring Co 
 New York City .National Car Spring Co 
 Pittsburg, Pa. . . .The A. French Spring Co 
 
 IRON WORKS AND FOUNDERS. 
 
 Anniston, Ala... Murray & Stevenson 
 
 Noble Bros & Co 
 
 Barton, Ala W. H. Cherry & Co 
 
 Birmingham, Ala., Aiken & Leighton 
 
 Beggs & Bro 
 
 Birmingham Iron and Machine works 
 
 De Bardelaben & Underwood 
 
 Iron City Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Linn Iron Works 
 
 Williamson Iron Co 
 
 Calera, Ala Calera Iron Works 
 
 Gadsden, Ala ...Gadsden Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Helena, Ala Central Iron Works 
 
 Montgomery, Ala., Montgomery Iron works 
 Opelika, Ala ... .Phoenix Iron Works 
 
 Selma, Ala Union Iron Works Co 
 
 Shelby Iron Works. Ala., Shelby Iron Co 
 Stonewall, Ala. .Stonewall Iron Works 
 Tuscaloosa, Ala. Tuscaloosa Foundry Mf'g Co 
 Little Rock, Ark. Rose City Iron Works 
 Texarkana, Ark .J. C. Weed & Co 
 Greenville, Cal. .Anderson & Lawrence 
 Los Angelos, Cal. Baker Iron Works 
 
 Columbia Iron Works 
 
 Conklin Iron Works 
 
 Union Iron Works 
 Sacramento, Cal. Sacramento Foundry 
 San Diego, Cal. .Standard Iron Works 
 San Francisco, Cal., American Machine and Model Works 
 
 Architectural Iron Works 
 
 Bay City Iron Works 
 
 California Machine Works 
 
 W. T. Garrett & Co 
 
 Industrial Iron Works 
 
 97 
 
Sacramento, Cal. Main Street Iron Works 
 
 Marine Iron Works 
 
 Marshutz & Cantrell 
 
 Nolte & Walsh 
 
 G. H. Mixer 
 
 Rankin, B raj ton & Co 
 
 Rix & Firth" 
 
 Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works 
 
 Union Iron Works 
 Stockton, Cal.. .Glohe Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Matteson & Williamson 
 Denver, Colo . . .Colorado Iron Works 
 
 Western Foundry 
 Fort Collins, Col. Foundry and Machine Co 
 Ansonia, Conn. .Farrell Foundry and Machine Co 
 Birmingham, Conn., Birmingham Iron Foundry 
 Brantford, Conn .Malleable Iron Fittings Co 
 Bridgeport, Conn .Bridgeport Malleable Iron Co 
 
 The Eaton, Cole & Burnham Co 
 
 The New Home Manufacturing Co 
 Hartford, Conn.. The Pratt & Whitney Co 
 Huntsville, Conn. Lyman- Hunt Iron Co 
 Meriden, Conn. .Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Co 
 
 Breckenridge Manufacturing Co 
 Meriden, Conn. .Parker &• Whipple Co 
 Middletown, Conn., W. Douglas 
 Mystic River, Conn.. Standard Machine Co 
 New Britain, Conn., The Vulcan Iron Works 
 
 Union Manufacturing Co 
 New Haven, Conn., The G. F. Warner Manufacturing Co 
 
 The McLagon Foundry Co 
 New London, Conn., Albertson & Douglass Machine Co 
 
 The Brown Cotton Gin Co 
 
 The Hopson & Chapin Manufacturing Co 
 Norwalk, Conn.. The Simonds Manufacturing Co 
 
 Lockwood Manufacturing Co 
 Norwich, Conn. .C. B. Rogers & Son 
 
 Putman, Conn ..Putman Foundry and Mach. Corporation 
 Stanford, Conn . .Stanford Foundry Co 
 Stonington, Conn., Atwood Machine Co 
 Wallingford, Conn , Judd Manufacturing Co 
 Waterbury,Conn ,WaterburyFarrel Foundry and Mach Co 
 Winsted, Conn. . Winsted Foi ndry and Machine Co 
 Sioux Falls. Dak. Sioux Falls Foundry and Machine Co 
 Newport, Del . . .Marshall Iron Co 
 Wilmington, Del. Phoenix Iron Foundry 
 Washington, D. C, Potomac Iron Works 
 Orlando, Fla . . . .South Florida Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 98 
 
Athens, Ga 
 
 . Athens Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Atlanta, Ga . . , 
 
 Van Winkle Gin and Machine Co 
 
 
 Winship Machine Co 
 
 Augusta, Ga... 
 
 .Pendleton Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Columbus, Ga . . 
 
 .Columbus Iron Works 
 
 
 Griffin Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Marietta, Ga. . 
 
 .Phoenix Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 
 Rome Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Savannah, Ga. . 
 
 . Kefioe Iron Works 
 
 Belleville, 111... 
 
 . .City Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 Aetna Iron Works 
 
 
 Aetna Iron and Steel Co 
 
 
 Aetna Iron and Steel Works 
 
 
 Ajax Forge Co 
 
 
 J. H. Bass 
 
 
 H.J. Berrv & Son 
 
 
 A. Baiter & Son 
 
 
 Bonton^ Foundry Co 
 
 
 Brown Brothers Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 M. C. Bullock Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 Calumet Foundry Co 
 
 
 Ohio Forge and Bolt Co 
 
 
 Dearborn Foundry Co 
 
 
 Eagle Foundrv Co 
 
 
 Eclipse Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 Eddy Foundry Co 
 
 
 Erie City Iron Works 
 
 
 Excelsior Iron Works 
 
 
 John Featherstons' Sons 
 
 
 Gates' Iron Works 
 
 
 Griffin Wheel and Foundry Co 
 
 
 Hercules' Iron Works 
 
 
 Illinois Iron Works 
 
 
 Illinois Malleable Iron Co 
 
 
 Illinois Steel Co 
 
 
 Industrial iron Works 
 
 
 Jefferson Foundrv Co 
 
 
 The King & Andrew Co 
 
 
 Kurtz Bros & Buhrer 
 
 
 Marinette Iron Works Co 
 
 
 Michigan Street Iron Foundry 
 
 
 The J. L. Mott Iron Works 
 
 
 A. Plamondon Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 Soper Foundry Co 
 
 
 South Halstead Street Iron Works 
 
 
 The Snead & Co Iron Works 
 
 
 Union Foundry Works 
 
 
 Vierling, McDowell & Co 
 
 99 
 
Chicago, 11/: . . . .C. H. Woodruff & Co 
 
 Decatur, 111 Union Iron Works 
 
 Geneva, 111 The W. H. Howell Co 
 
 Joliet. Ill The Joliet Iron and Brass Works 
 
 Lake View, 111 .. .Illinois Malleable Iron Works 
 Moline, 111 Moline Malleable Iron Co 
 
 Union Malleable Iron Works 
 Rock Falls, 111.. .Keystone Manufacturing Co 
 Rockford, 111 . . .Union Foundry and Machine Co 
 Springfield, 111.. .Aetna Foundry and Machine Shop 
 Anderson, Ind.. .Anderson Foundry and Machine Works 
 Auburn, Ind .... Auburn Foundry and Machine Shop 
 
 Brazil, Ind Brazil Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Crown Point,Ind. Aetna Iron and Steel Works 
 Decatur, Ind .... Eagle Manufacturing Co 
 
 Elkhardt Ind Elkhardt Iron Works 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind. Bass Foundry and Machine Works 
 Greencastle, Ind.Greencastle Foundry and Machine Co 
 Huntington, Ind. Huntington Foundry and Machine Works 
 Indianapolis, Ind. Eagle Machine Works 
 
 Enterprise Foundry Co 
 
 Indianapolis Foundry Co 
 
 Indianapolis Mf'g and Supply Co 
 Madison, Ind . . .Madison Machine Co 
 Mentone, Ind . . .Mentone Machine and Novelty works 
 New Albany, Ind. Chas. Hegewald & Co 
 Newcastle, Ind. .Newcastle Ironworks 
 Richmond, Ind . .Robinson Machine works 
 Terre Haut, Ind. Phoenix Foundry and Machine works 
 Burlington, la. . .Murray Iron works Co 
 Cedar Rapids, la. Cedar Rapids Foundry and Machine Co 
 Chariton, la ....Chariton Iron works 
 Council Bluffs, la. Council Bluffs lion works 
 
 Union Iron works 
 Davenport, la. . .Davenport Foundry and Machine Co 
 Des Moines, la. .Des Moines Steam Boiler and Iron wk's 
 
 Dubuque, la. 
 
 Keokuk, la. 
 
 Iowa Iron works Co 
 Key City Iron works 
 Langworthy- Adams. Iron works 
 Novelty Iron works 
 
 . Andrus, Loeffler & Co 
 Excelsior Sheet Metal works 
 
 Le Mars, la... .Le Mars Foundry and Machine Shop 
 Sioux City, la. . .Sioux City Foundry and Machine works 
 Storm Lake, la .Storm Lake Foundry and Machine wk's 
 Chetopa, Kan . . .Co-operative Novelty Iron works 
 Concordia, Kan .Concordia Foundry works 
 
 IOO 
 
 
Enterprise, Kan 
 
 .J. B. Ersham Machine Co 
 
 Fort Scott, Kan . 
 
 .Fort Scott Foundry and Machine works 
 
 
 .Girard Foundry, Machine and Stove Co 
 
 Kansas City, Kan.Armourdale Foundry Co 
 
 
 Consal Iron works Co 
 
 
 Industrial Iron works 
 
 
 Union Iron works 
 
 McPherson, Kan 
 
 .McPherson Foundry and Machine Shops 
 
 Mound City, Kan. Mound City Manufacturing Co 
 
 Ottawa, Kan. . . 
 
 .Novelty Iron works 
 
 
 Ottawa Foundry Co 
 
 
 .Parsons' Foundry and Novelty works 
 
 Topeka, Kan . . . 
 
 .Capital Iron works 
 
 Ashland, Ky . . . 
 
 . Ashland Foundry and Machine Shop 
 
 
 Norton Iron works 
 
 Louisville, Ky . . 
 
 .Ainslie, Cochran & Co 
 
 
 B. F. Avery & Sons 
 
 
 Drummond Manuf'g Co 
 
 
 Fischer-Leaf Co 
 
 
 Grainger & Co 
 
 
 Louisville Machine and Elevator works 
 
 
 The Snead & Co Iron works 
 
 Mt. Sterling, Ky 
 
 .Mt. Sterling Iron Foundry and Mach.Co 
 
 New Orleans, Lji 
 
 l. Whitney Iron works Co 
 
 Bangor, Me. . . . 
 
 Bangor Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Belfast, Me 
 
 Belfast Machine works 
 
 Bridgeton, Me. . 
 
 .Bridgeton Machine Co 
 
 Foxcroft, Me. . . 
 
 .Foxcroft Iron Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Westbrook, Me. 
 
 . Westbrook Foundry Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md . . 
 
 .Baltimore Smelting works 
 
 
 Bartlett, Hayward & Co 
 
 
 James Bates 
 
 
 Central Iron Foundry 
 
 
 H. Ellicott. H. William & Sons 
 
 
 Robt. Poole & Son Co 
 
 
 Isaac A. Sheppard & Co 
 
 
 Snowden & Cowman 
 
 Adams, Mass.. . 
 
 . Allen Iron works 
 
 Aver, Mass. . . . 
 
 Doherty Machine Co 
 
 Boston, Mass.. . 
 
 .Central Iron Foundry 
 
 
 Chelmsford Foundry Co 
 
 
 Fulton Iron Foundry Co 
 
 
 Highland Foundry Co 
 
 
 Howard Iron Foundry 
 
 
 Mechanics' Iron Foundry Co 
 
 
 G. W. Smith Iron Co 
 
 
 Taunton Iron works Co 
 
 
 Tremont Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 IOI 
 
Boston, Mass The Wainwright Mfg Co of Mass 
 
 Wolaston Foundry Co 
 B'dgewater, Mass.Bridgewater Iron Co 
 Canton, Mass. . .Kinsley Iron and Machine Co 
 Carver, Mass. .. .Ellis Foundry Co 
 Chelsea, Mass. . .New York Manufacturing Co 
 Chicopee, Mass. . Ames Manufacturing Co 
 Fall River, Mass.Kilburn, Lincoln & Co 
 Fitchburg, Mass. Simons Rolling Machine Co 
 Foxboro, Mass.. .Foxboro Foundry and Machine Co 
 Greenfield, Mass. Wiley & Russell Manufacturing Co 
 Haverhill, Mass. . Haverhill Iron Works 
 
 Lynn, Mass Aetna Iron Foundry 
 
 Mansfield, Mass.. Central Iron Foundry 
 
 New Bedf'd, Mass. New Bedford Iron Foundry 
 
 N'h Adams, Mass.James Hunter & Son 
 
 Orange, Mass. ...Chase Turbine Manufacturing Co 
 
 Salem, Mass. .. .Salem Foundry and Machine Shop 
 
 Springfield, Mass. Hawkins Iron works 
 
 Worcester, Mass. Arcade Malleable Iron Co. 
 
 Worcester Malleable Iron Co 
 Alpena, Mich .... Alpena Industrial works 
 Battle Cr'k, Mich. Battle Creek Machine Co 
 Detroit, Mich . Detroit Bridge and Iron works 
 Dry Dock Engine works 
 Eagle Iron works 
 Enterprise Machine works 
 Frontier Iron and Brass works 
 Fulton Iron and Engine works 
 Murphy Iron works 
 Russell Wheel and Foundry Co 
 
 G'd Rapids, Mich. Fox Machine Co 
 
 Grand Rapids Iron works. 
 F. Hartman & Co 
 Michigan Iron works 
 Valley City Iron works 
 Vulcan Iron works 
 
 Hastings Engine and Iron works 
 Jackson Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 "Kalamazoo, Mich.C. H. Bird & Co 
 
 Lansing, Mich. 
 
 Ludington, Mich .Industrial Iron works 
 Ludington Iron works 
 
 Manistee, Mich. .Manistee Iron Works Co 
 
 Marquette, Mich .Lakeside Iron works 
 
 Menominee, Mich. Menominee Iron works 
 
 Montague, Mich. Montague Iron works 
 
 Hastings, Mich 
 Jackson. Mich 
 
 Lansing Iron and Engine works 
 
 102 
 
Muskegon, Mich 
 
 . Lake Side Iron Co 
 
 Newberry, Mich 
 
 . Vulcane Furnace Co 
 
 Owosso, Mich . . 
 
 .Owosso Iron works 
 
 P't Huron, Mich 
 
 .Phoenix Iron works 
 
 Duluth, Minn. . 
 
 . Nautcue Iron woiks 
 
 
 Phoenix Tron works 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn. Crown Iron Works Co 
 
 
 Herzog Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 Lockwood, Upton & Co 
 
 
 Minneapolis Foundry Co 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 . Amer'n Manufacturing Co 
 
 
 Eagle Iron works 
 
 
 Globe Iron works 
 
 
 St. Paul Foundry 
 
 Winona, Minn. 
 
 . Noveltv Iron works 
 
 Jackson, Miss. . 
 
 .River Foundry and Agricultural works 
 
 Carthage, Mo. . 
 
 • Carthage Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Kansas, Mo . . . 
 
 . Armourdale Foundry Co 
 
 
 Central Iron works 
 
 
 Industrial Iron works 
 
 
 Kansas City Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 
 Kaw Valley Iron Works Co 
 
 
 The Keystone Iron Works Co 
 
 
 Lloyd Foundry and Machine works 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. . 
 
 .Gust. V. Brecht 
 
 
 Christopher & Simpson 
 
 
 Excelsior Foundry and Plating Works 
 
 
 Missouri Malleable Iron Co 
 
 
 Novelty Foundry and Mfg Co 
 
 
 Scherpe & Koen Co 
 
 
 South St Louis Foundry Co 
 
 • 
 
 Standard Foundry Co 
 
 
 Union Iron and Foundry Co 
 
 Butte City, Mon 
 
 t : Cameron & Aiken 
 
 Helena, Mont :.. 
 
 Helena Iron Works 
 
 
 Davis & Cowgill Iron Works 
 
 Portsmouth, N. 
 
 H : Portsmouth Machine Works 
 
 Claremont, N. H :.. Sullivan Machine Co 
 
 Exeter, N. H: 
 
 — Exeter Iron Foundry 
 
 
 Exeter Machine Works 
 
 Keene, N. H:... 
 
 Humphrey Machine Co 
 
 Lake Village, N. 
 
 H: Cole Mfg Co 
 
 Nashua, N. H: 
 
 Nashua Lock Co 
 
 Arlington, N. J 
 
 Beckett Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Jersey City, N. J:. ..J. C. Wheel Foundry and Maeh. Wks 
 
 Mount Holly, N. 
 
 J:T. C.AlcOtt& Son 
 
 Newark, N. J :, 
 
 Cyrus Currier & Sons 
 
 
 Essex Iron Works 
 
 103 
 
Newark, N. J: Franklin Iron Works 
 
 Ocean City, N. J:..Lake Mfg Co 
 Patterson, N. J: The Watson Machine Co 
 
 Union Foundry and Machine Works 
 Trenton, N. J: Will H. Baker 
 
 The Phoenix Iron Co 
 
 Union Iron Works 
 Albuquerque, N.M: Albuq. Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Albany, N. Y : J. McKinney & Son 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y: ...Bell and Type Foundry Co 
 
 Brooklyn City Iron Works 
 
 The Continental Iron Works 
 
 Fulton Iron Works 
 
 Healey Iron Works 
 
 Hecla Archit. Bronze Iron Works 
 
 Lewis & Fowler Mfg 
 
 Progress. Iron Works 
 
 South Brooklyn Steam Engine Works 
 
 Taylor Williams & Sons 
 
 Williamsburg Iron Foundry 
 Buffalo, N. Y: Buffalo Cast Iron Pipe Co 
 
 Eagle Iron Works 
 
 King Iron Works 
 
 Geo. W. Tifft Sons & Co 
 New York City: Becket Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Samnel S. Bent & Son 
 
 Birmingham Iron Foundry 
 
 The E. G. Blakslee Mfg Co 
 
 Central Forge Works 
 
 Cheny & Hewlett 
 
 Clauson & Hoffmeyer 
 
 Coldwell Iron Works 
 
 Delameter Iron Works 
 
 Hecla Archit. Bronze and Iron Works 
 
 Jackson Archit. Iron Works 
 
 Jonson Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Lincoln Iron Works 
 
 Manhattan Iron Works Co 
 
 J. L. Mott Iron Works 
 
 T. Shriver & Co 
 
 Union Iron Works 
 
 Wallis Iron Works 
 
 Oswego, N. Y: Kingsford Foundry and Machine Wks 
 
 Poughkeepsie, N. Y: Lane Bros 
 
 Poughkeepsie Foundry and Machi. Co 
 Rochester N. Y: Co-operative Foundry Co 
 
 Enterprise Foundry Co 
 
 Munn Austice & Co 
 
 104 
 
Syracuse, N. Y.\ 
 
 ...Phoenix Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 
 Porter Mfg Co 
 
 
 Syracuse Malleable Iron Works 
 
 Troy, N. Y: 
 
 .. Fuller & Warren Co 
 
 
 Morrison Colwell & Page 
 
 
 Troy Architect. Iron Works 
 
 
 Troy Malleable Iron Co 
 
 Alliance, O: 
 
 ...Morgan Engineering Co 
 
 
 ....Bucyrus Steam Shovel and Dredge Co 
 
 Canton, (): 
 
 The Miller Mfg Co 
 
 Cincinnati, O: 
 
 . ...Blvmever Iron Works 
 
 
 Excelsior Foundry Co 
 
 
 Globe Foundry Co 
 
 
 The I. & E. Greenwald Co 
 
 
 Hamilton Iron Foundry 
 
 
 The L. James Haven Co 
 
 
 Hoffinghoff & Lane Foundry Co 
 
 
 Lane & Bodley Co 
 
 
 Queen City Foundry 
 
 
 Queen City Machine Works 
 
 
 The Stacey Mfg Co 
 
 
 Sam. C. Tatum & Co 
 
 Cleveland, 0: ... 
 
 ...Bowler & Co 
 
 
 T. H. Brooks & Co 
 
 
 City Foundry Co 
 
 
 Cleveland City Forge and Iron Co 
 
 
 Cleveland Foundry Co 
 
 
 Cleveland Ship Building Co 
 
 
 Excelsior Iron Works Co 
 
 
 The Globe Iron Works Co 
 
 
 The Kilby Mfg Co 
 
 
 Maher& Brayton 
 
 
 Myers Mfg and Foundry Co 
 
 
 Riverside Foundry Works 
 
 
 Standard Foundry and Mfg Co 
 
 
 The Taylor & Boggis Foundry Co 
 
 
 The Variety Iron Works Co 
 
 
 Walker Mfg Co 
 
 
 Thomas D. West Foundry Co 
 
 Columbus, 0: 
 
 ...Columbus Machine Co 
 
 
 Eagle Foundry 
 
 
 Simpson Iron Co 
 
 
 South End Foundry 
 
 
 Union Foundry 
 
 Dayton, 0: 
 
 ..Buckeye Iron and Brass Works 
 
 
 W. P. Callahan cv Co 
 
 
 Phoenix Iron Works 
 
 
 ...Harmer Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 105 
 
 i 
 

 .Eagle Machine Co 
 
 
 ..Motherwell Iron and Steel Co 
 
 Mansfield, 0: 
 
 ..Union Foundry and Machine Works 
 
 
 .Marion Malleable Iron Works 
 
 Middleport, 0:.... 
 
 .Ohio Machine Co 
 
 
 Vulcan Machine Co 
 
 , Portsmouth, 0:.... 
 
 ..Portsmouth Foundry and Machine Wks 
 
 
 ..Barney & Kilby 
 
 
 ..Blakeney Foundry Co 
 
 Toledo, O: 
 
 Eagle Foundry 
 
 
 N. Haughton Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 
 Russell Iron Works 
 
 
 Toledo Foundry and Machine Co. 
 
 
 Vulcan Iron Works 
 
 Warren, 0: 
 
 ..TEtna Machine Co 
 
 Wellston, 0: ,,.. 
 
 ..Wellston Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Wilmington, 0: .. 
 
 ..Champion Bridge Co 
 
 Portland, Oregon: 
 
 ..Carroll & Johnson 
 
 
 Willimette Iron Works 
 
 
 ..Thos. Carlin's Sons 
 
 
 Porter Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 
 Union Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Altoona, Pa: 
 
 ..Altoona Iron Co 
 
 Emporium, Pa: 
 
 ..Emporium Machine Co 
 
 
 ..Erie City Foundry 
 
 
 Erie Forge Co 
 
 
 Globe Iron Foundry 
 
 
 Humboldt Iron Works 
 
 
 Southside Iron Works 
 
 
 Clay ville Mfg Co 
 
 Meadville, Pa: 
 
 ..Meadville Vice Co 
 
 
 Phoenix Iron Works 
 
 
 Oseola Mfg Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 C. A. Blessing 
 
 
 E. E. Brown & Co 
 
 
 L. S. Cassin & Co 
 
 
 Chambers Bro. & Co 
 
 
 Chester Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 
 The J. Samuel Creswell Iron Works 
 
 
 Flagg, Stanley & Co 
 
 
 C. Hitzeroth 
 
 
 James Moore 
 
 
 North Bro. Mfg Co 
 
 
 A. Penn Iron Works 
 
 
 Theo. B Rohrmann 
 
 
 Schuman & Lynch 
 
 
 I. A Sheppard & Co 
 
 
 Southwark Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 106 
 
Philadelphia, Pa:...Tacony Iron and Metal Co 
 Union Iron Foundry 
 Thomas Wood & Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: Fisher Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Jones & Laugh! in 
 
 Lewis Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 The McConway, Torley Co 
 
 Machintoch, Hemphill & Co 
 
 Marshall Foundry and Construction 
 
 National Foundry & Pipe works 
 
 Pittsburg Foundry Co 
 
 Pittsburg Mfg Co' 
 
 Reed Foundry Co 
 
 Robinson Rea Mfg Co 
 
 Sraife Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 I. & S. Totten & Hogg 
 
 Union Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Reading, Pa: F. & M. Mellert Co 
 
 Scranton, Pa: Green Ridge Iron works 
 
 Warren, Pa: Struthers, Wells & Co 
 
 Wilkesbarre, Pa: ...Dickson Mfg Co 
 
 Vulcan Iron Works 
 Wilkesbarre Tron Works 
 
 Hope Valley, R. I: Nichols and Langworthy Machine Co. 
 
 Providence, R. I:. ..Builders Iron Foundry 
 Corliss Steam Engine Co 
 Fuller Iron Works 
 Granger Foundry and Machine Co 
 New England Butt Co 
 Phoenix Iron Foundry 
 Providence Steam Engine Co 
 R. I. Malleable Iron Works 
 
 Chattanooga,Tenn: Cahill Iron Works 
 
 Chattanooga Iron Co 
 
 Lookout Rolling Mill Co 
 
 Providence Steel Works 
 
 Roane Iron Co 
 
 Vulcan Iron and Nail Works 
 
 Warren< Jar and Wagon Foundry 
 
 Knoxville, Tenn:. ..Knoxville Iron Co 
 
 Knoxville Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Memphis, Tenn:... Gun & Pagin 
 
 T. L. Risk & Co 
 
 Nashville, Tenn: ...Cherry, Morrow & Co 
 S. E. Jones & Sons 
 Novelty Foundry Co 
 Tenn. Range and Mfg Co 
 
 Calvert, Texas: Calvert Foundry and Mfg Co 
 
 107 
 
 
Galveston, Texas: ..C B. Lee & Co 
 
 Houston, Texas: Wiggins & Simpson 
 
 Marshall, Texas: ...Marshall Car and Foundry Co 
 
 Tyler, Texas: Dilley Foundry and Machine Co 
 
 Salt Lake City: Davis Howe & Co 
 
 Salt Lake Foundry and Machine Co 
 Rutland, Vt: Lincoln Iron Works 
 
 Rutland Foundry & Machine Shop Co 
 St. Johnsbury, Vt; Acme Iron works 
 
 Goshen, Va: The Iron and Steel Association 
 
 Lynchburg, Va: Cleveland & Sons 
 
 Norfolk, Va: Elizabeth Foundry 
 
 Etna Iron works 
 
 Norfolk Iron works 
 Portsmouth, Va: ...Portsmouth Iron works 
 Richmond, Va: Jos. Hall Co 
 
 Old Dominion Iron and Nail works 
 
 Asa Snyder & Co 
 
 Tredegar Iron works 
 
 Vulcan Iron works 
 Palatine, West Va: Marion Machine works 
 Eau Claire, Wis:... Phoenix Mfg Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis:...Edw. P. Allis & Co 
 
 Win. Bay ley & Co 
 
 The Filer Stowell Co. 
 
 Hoffman & Billings Mfg Co 
 
 Moore Mfg and Foundry Co 
 
 The Wilkin Mfg Co 
 
 LAMP AND GASBURNER MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Meridien, Conn:... Edward Miller & Co 
 
 Newark, N. J The Albo Carbon Light Co 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y: ...James W. Lyon 
 
 New York City: E. P. Gleason Mfg Co 
 
 Canton, O: The Sun Vapor Street Light Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:...Chas. Gefrorer 
 Henry Schrader 
 The Siemens Lungren Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: The Albo Carbon Light Co 
 
 LAMP AND LANTERN MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal:E. Boesch & Co 
 
 A. S. Graf & Co 
 Meriden, Conn: Bradley & Hubbard Mfg Co 
 
 The Chas. Parker Co 
 
 Meriden Britannia Co 
 
 Edw. Miller & Co 
 Waterbury, Conn: Benedict & Burnham Mfg Co 
 
 to8 
 
Waterbury, Conn : 
 
 ..Homes, Booth & Hay dens 
 
 
 Plume & Atwood Mfg Co 
 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 Breach Loading Lantern Co 
 
 
 .The George Buhner Co 
 
 
 Cass Lani]> works 
 
 
 Climax Mfg Co 
 
 
 Chris. Edwards Oil Burner & Mfg Co 
 
 
 Chicago Gas Lamp Illuminating Co 
 
 
 Globe Light and Heat Co 
 
 
 Plume & Atwood Mfg Co 
 
 . 
 
 Railroad Signal Lamp and Lantern Co 
 
 
 Western "Wheeler Reflector Co 
 
 Indianopolis, Ind 
 
 ..Sun Vapor Street Light Co 
 
 Boston, Mass : 
 
 ..American Health Supply Co 
 
 
 Boston Lamp Co 
 
 
 Craighead and Kintz Mfg Co 
 
 
 Plume & Atwood Mfg Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn 
 
 :Sun Vapor Street Light Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo : .... 
 
 ..Franklin Gas Lamp Co 
 
 
 Kraushaar Lamp and Reflector Co 
 
 
 F. Meyrose & Co 
 
 
 S. Louis Lantern Co 
 
 New Brunswick, N. J: N. J. Lamp and Bronze works 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y:.. 
 
 ..N. Y. Kerosene Gas Light Co 
 
 New York City :... 
 
 ..H. S. Almy & Co 
 
 
 Am. Belgian Lamp Co 
 
 
 Angle Lamp Co 
 
 
 Ausonia Brass and Copper Co 
 
 
 Bartlett Street Lamp Mfg Co 
 
 
 Bradley & Hubbard Mfg Co 
 
 
 Olawsen & Hoffmeyer 
 
 
 E. P. Gleason Mfg* Co 
 
 
 B. Goetz Mfg Co 
 
 
 Hinrichs & Co 
 
 
 Holmes, Booth & Haydens 
 
 
 Kruse & Baron 
 
 
 Manhatton Brass Co 
 
 
 The Mitchell & Vance Co 
 
 
 Rochester Lamp Co 
 
 
 Ed. Rorke & Co 
 
 
 L. Straus & Sons 
 
 
 The L T . S. Wen ham Pat. Gas Lamp Co 
 
 
 The U. S. Supply Co 
 
 Rochester, N. Y:. 
 
 .Kelly Lamp Co 
 
 
 Rochester Lantern Co 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y : 
 
 ..Steam Gauge and Lantern Co 
 
 Watertown, N. Y 
 
 ..Hitchcock Lamj) Co 
 
 Cincinnati, 0: 
 
 .The Alba Lamp Co 
 
 109 
 
Cincinnati, : 
 
 The Clipper Mfg Co 
 The McHenry Co 
 Post & Co 
 Queen City Lamp Co 
 
 
 Cleveland, 0: 
 
 .Lamp and Brass works 
 W. J. Gordon 
 The Standard Lighting Co 
 Star Oil Burner Co 
 
 
 
 ..Columbus Lantern works 
 
 
 Alleghaney, Pa: .. 
 
 .Pittsburg Brass Co 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. 
 
 ..American Reflector Co 
 Mascot Mfg Co 
 C. H. Pascoe & Co 
 The Siemens Lungren Co 
 Standard Gas Lamp Co 
 
 
 
 The Pennsylvania Globe Gas Light 
 
 Co 
 
 
 Wheeler Reflector and Light Co 
 
 
 
 The Neumann Co 
 
 
 
 Wilhelm & Co 
 
 
 
 ..S. Morrow & Co 
 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis:. 
 
 .Loeffelholz & Co 
 
 
 LOCK MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 
 San Francisco, Ca] 
 
 : California Safe and Lock Co 
 Wichell & Richards 
 S. B. Paige & Co 
 
 
 Branford, Conn:. 
 
 .Branford Lock works 
 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn: 
 
 ..The Con wall & Patterson Mfg Co 
 The Smith & Egge Mfg Co 
 
 
 
 The Chas. Parker Co 
 
 
 Middletown, Conn 
 
 : William Wilcox Mfg Co 
 
 
 New Britain, Conn: Corbin Cabinet Lock Co 
 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 : Mallory Wheeler Co 
 
 
 Norwalk, Conn :... 
 
 .Duplex Supply Co 
 
 Norwalk Lock Co 
 
 
 Terry ville, Conn:.. 
 
 .Eagle Lock Co 
 
 
 
 .Automatic Lock Hook Mfg Co 
 Sargent, Greenleaf & Brooks 
 Yale & Towine Mfg Co 
 
 
 
 ,.L. L. Bate & Co 
 Commercial Lock Co 
 Wm. Hall & Co 
 Hanson Elevator Lock Co 
 
 
 Newark, N. J: .... 
 
 .Phoenix Lock works 
 
 The National Lock Washer Co 
 
 
 New York City:... 
 
 .Champion Safety Lock Co 
 
 
 New York City: ... 
 
 ..Eagle Lock Co 
 The Mallory Wheeler Co 
 
 
 no 
 
New York City : .. 
 
 ..Norwich Lock Mfg Co 
 W. Wilcox Mfg Co 
 
 
 
 ..Edison Lock (Jo 
 
 
 
 ...Cincinnati Safe ttnd Lock Co 
 Consol. Time Lock Co 
 European Lock and Time Co 
 
 
 Cleveland, 0: 
 
 . Industrial Lock and Mfg Co 
 National Safe and Lock Co 
 Perkins Lock Mfg Co 
 
 
 
 ..Eagle Lock Co 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. 
 
 ..Autom. Tnmbler Lock Co 
 Miller Lock Co 
 Penn Lock Co 
 
 
 
 ..Brittan, Graham & Mathes 
 
 
 York, Pa; 
 
 ..York Safe and Lock Co 
 ..New England Butt Co 
 
 
 Providence, R. 1 :• 
 
 LOCOMOTIVE BUILDERS. 
 
 
 Birmingham, Ala • 
 
 ..Douglas Engine Co 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 : Risdon Iron and Locomotive Works 
 Union Iron Works 
 
 
 Porthmd, Me : 
 
 ..Portland Co 
 
 
 Mt. Savage, Md :.. 
 
 ...Mt. Savage Locomotive Works 
 
 
 Boston, Mass : 
 
 ...Hinkley Locomotive Co 
 Manchester Locomotive Works 
 
 
 Taunton, Mass : 
 
 ..Locomotive Manfg Co 
 
 
 South Newmarket, 
 
 N. H : G. E. Fifieid 
 
 
 
 .Cooke Locomotive and Machine Co 
 Grant Locomotive Works 
 
 
 Dunkirk, N. Y- 
 
 ..Brooks Locomotive Works 
 
 
 New York City :.. 
 
 ..N. Y. Locomotive Works 
 Strong Locomotive Works 
 
 
 Schenectady, N Y 
 
 : McQueen Locomotive Works 
 Schenectady Locomotive Works 
 
 
 
 ..Pittsburg Locomotive and Car Works 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. 
 
 ..The Baldwin Locomotive Works 
 
 
 
 H. K. Porter & Co 
 
 
 Providence, R. I ;. 
 
 ..R. I. Lecomotive Werks 
 
 
 Nashville, Tenn :. 
 
 ..Adams & Price 
 
 
 Richmond, Va : ... 
 
 .Richmond Locomotive and MachineWorks 
 
 
 MACHINERY MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 
 (See also Iron Works and Foundries.) 
 
 
 
 \(jti<i i;n imi, 
 
 
 Athens, Ala : 
 
 ..Alabama Agricultural Mnfg Co 
 
 
 Birmingham, Ala : 
 
 Birmingham Tool und Implement Works 
 
 
 Little Rock, Ark:. 
 
 . The Dudley E. Jones Co 
 
 
 Texarkana, Ark •.. 
 
 ..Wilkerson C 
 
 
 III 
 
Sacramento, Cal : ...Bull & Grant. Farm Implement Co 
 San Francisco, Cal:. Oliver Chilled Plow Works 
 
 Pacific Saw Manufacturing Co 
 
 Price Jacob 
 
 South Bond Iron Works 
 
 Truman. Hooker & Co 
 
 Wickson G. G., & Co 
 
 Stockton, Cal: Stockton Harvester and Agricult. Works 
 
 Denver, Col: Kinsey J., Implement Co 
 
 Hartford Conn : The Collins Company 
 
 New Haven, Conn :..Bradley Robt. B., & Co 
 
 Fargo, Dak: Howland & Sons 
 
 Odessa, Del: Aspril L. V., & Sou 
 
 Washington, D. C :..Heiskell P. H., Jr., & Co 
 Jacksonville, Fla :... Hubbard S. B., & Co 
 
 Atlanta, Ga : Southern Agrl. Works 
 
 Alton, 111 : Alton Agricult. Works 
 
 Chicago, 111 : Appleton Mfg Co 
 
 Austin F. C, Mfg Co 
 
 Goulds & Caldwell 
 
 McCormick Harvesting Machine Co 
 
 Morgan D. S., & Co 
 
 Rice & Whitacre Mfg Co 
 
 Silver & Deming Mfg Co- 
 
 The Piano Mfg Co 
 
 Walter A., Machine Co 
 
 Warder, Bushnell & Glesner 
 
 Quincy, 111: Quincy Agricultural Works 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind :...Horton Mfg Co 
 lndianapolis,Ind :...The Beedle & Kelly Co 
 Council Bluffs, la :..Marseiles Mfg Co 
 
 Davenport, la: Davis I. S.. & Sons 
 
 Kansas City, Mo:. ..Trumbull, Reynolds & Allen Mfg Co 
 Louisville, Ky : Avery B. F., & Sons 
 
 Southwestern Agricultural Works 
 
 Portland, Me: Kelley D. T. 
 
 Baltimore, Md: Dinsmore & Kastendike 
 
 Whitman E., Sons & Co 
 Boston, Mass: Ames Plow Co 
 
 Whitman & Barnes Mfg Co 
 
 Detroit, Mich: Ptawson Mfg Co 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich: Wheeler & Green 
 
 Jackson, Mich : Michigan Implement and Machine Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn : Advance Thresher Co 
 
 The Manufacturers Syndicate 
 
 The Minneapolis Threshing Machine Co 
 
 Northwestern Implement and Wagon Co 
 St. Paul, Minn : Mast, Buford & Burwell Co 
 
 112 
 
Kansas City, Mo :.. 
 
 . Esterly Harvesting Machine Co 
 
 
 . Birdsell Mfg Co 
 
 
 Kingsland & Douglas Mfg Co 
 
 
 Whitman Agricultural Co 
 
 
 ..Taylor Brothers 
 
 Albany, N. Y: 
 
 ..Wheeler & Melick Mnf Co 
 ..Alexander L. ( & Co 
 
 
 
 The Hagganum Mfg Corporation 
 
 Rochester. N. Y :... 
 
 ..Vick James 
 
 Troy, N. Y: 
 
 ..Crandall & Morrison 
 
 
 ..Aultman C, A Co 
 
 
 ..Luetkemeyer H. W.' & Sons 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. 
 
 ..Gardiner John, & Co 
 
 CABLE 
 
 RAILWAY MACHINERY. 
 
 Kansas City, Mo : 
 
 ..Industrial Iron Works 
 
 
 .Kilby Mfg Co 
 
 ELECTRIC LIGHT. 
 
 Manchester, Conn : 
 
 ..Mather Electric Co 
 
 Middletown, Conn 
 
 ..Schujler Electric (Jo 
 
 Plantsville, Conn : 
 
 . Connecticut Motor Co 
 
 
 ,.Eddy Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 . Sperry Electric Co 
 
 
 .Royal Electric Co 
 
 Rockford, 111: 
 
 . Rockford Electric Mfg Co 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind :. 
 
 .Fort Wayne Electric Co 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind :. 
 
 ..The C. D. Jenney Co 
 
 Terre Haute, Ind :. 
 
 ..Kester Electric Co 
 
 Davenport, Iowa:. 
 
 ..Hawkeye Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 . Consolidated Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 Economic Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 Kimball F. M., & Co 
 
 
 Thomson-Houston Electric Co 
 
 
 Van Choate Electric Co 
 
 Fitchburg, Mass:.. 
 
 . Colburn J. W., & Co 
 
 
 Eastern Light and Storage Battery Co 
 
 
 ..Detroit Electrical Works 
 
 
 Standard Electric Co 
 
 
 Woodward Electrical Co 
 
 
 . The Acme Electric Co 
 
 
 ..Heisler Electric Light Co 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y- 
 
 .Brooklyn Electric Construction Co 
 
 
 Elektron Mfg Co 
 
 
 Mutual Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 R. & B. Electric Mfg Co 
 
 
 . Anglo Am. Electric Light Mfg Co 
 
 
 Ball Electric Light Co 
 
 IJ 3 
 
New York City :.. . 
 
 .. The Clark Electric Comp 
 
 
 Cleveland Motor Co 
 
 
 Continental Dynamo Co 
 
 
 Daft Electric Light Co 
 
 
 Easton Electric Co 
 
 
 Electric Construction and Supply Co 
 
 
 Electric Accumulator Co 
 
 
 Empire City Electric Co 
 
 
 Eureka Electric Co 
 
 
 Excelsior Electric Co 
 
 
 Gibson Electric Co 
 
 
 Isolated Accumulator Co 
 
 
 Julien Electric Co 
 
 
 Macroon Storage Battery Co 
 
 
 New Am. Electric Arc Light Co 
 
 
 New Century Electric Co 
 
 
 Sawyer Man Electric Co 
 
 
 United Edison Mfg Co 
 
 
 U. S. Electric Lighting Co 
 
 
 Wen8trom Northern Electric Co 
 
 
 ...G. F. Card Mfg Co 
 
 
 ...Queen City Electric Co 
 
 
 ...The Bruch Electric Co 
 
 
 ...Silvey Electric Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 ...Aurora Electric Co 
 
 
 Electro Dynamic Co 
 
 
 La Roche Electric Works 
 
 
 National Electric Light & Power Works 
 
 
 ^Novelty Electric Co 
 
 
 ..Westinghouse Electric Co 
 
 Eau Claire, Wis;.. 
 
 ...National Electric Mfg Co 
 
 GAS ] 
 
 MACHINES.— (Gas Works.) 
 
 San Francisco, Cal : H. J. Dykes & Co 
 
 
 Independent, A u torn. Portable Gas Works 
 
 
 . . Bradley Gas Machine Co 
 
 
 Fiihnejehn Incandescent Gas Light 
 
 
 Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co 
 
 
 Globe Light and Heat Co 
 
 
 Mathews Gas Machine Co 
 
 
 ...Lay Gas Machine Co 
 
 
 .. Connelly & Co 
 
 
 National Automatic Gas Machine Co 
 
 
 Rossney Gas Saving Co 
 
 
 Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co 
 
 
 ...Detroit Heating and Lighting Co 
 
 
 ...Denny Bro. & Co 
 
 
 Smith & Say re Mfg Co 
 
 114 
 

 .Tirrells Gas Machine Co 
 
 New York City • 
 
 ..Connelly & Co 
 
 
 Continental Gas Engine Co 
 
 
 Gilbert & Barker Mfg Co 
 
 
 Natural Gas Improvement Co 
 
 
 Welch & Lawson 
 
 
 . The Coleman Gas Mach. Mfg Co 
 
 
 The A. J. English Co 
 
 
 J. G. lsham & Co 
 
 
 . The Cleveland Gas Machine Co 
 
 
 .Lowe Mfg Co 
 
 Philadelphia. Pa :. 
 
 ..Beacon Construction Co 
 
 
 Consumer Gas Works 
 
 
 Gas Works Construction Co 
 
 
 Louisiana Construction Co 
 
 
 The Pennsylvania Globe Gas Light Co 
 
 
 United Gas Improvement Co 
 
 HYDRAULIC MACHINERY. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 : Dow Steam Pump Works 
 
 
 W. T. Garratt & Co 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 • F. Smith & Co 
 
 
 Weed & Kingwell 
 
 Ausonia, Conn ;... 
 
 The Farrell Foundry Machine Co 
 
 Birmingham, Ala :. 
 
 . Birmingham Iron Foundry 
 
 Middletown, Conn ; 
 
 ..W. Douglas 
 
 Wilmington, Conn: 
 
 ..A. Gawt.hrop & Son 
 
 
 .. Ainslie, Cochran & Co 
 
 
 .Thomas K. Carey & Bros 
 
 
 Ernest Frank & Son 
 
 
 Snowden & Cowman 
 
 
 ..Lowell Machine Shops 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y: .. 
 
 ..Win, Taylor & Sons 
 
 
 ..The Tuerk Hydraulic Power Co 
 
 
 Watson & St ill man 
 
 
 ..Morgan Engineering Co 
 
 
 .John McGowan Co 
 
 
 .Kaufholz Bros 
 
 Dayton, 0: 
 
 .G. J. Roberts & Co 
 
 
 The Smith & Vaile Co 
 
 
 ..Silver Deming Mfg Co 
 Duff Mfg Co 
 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa :. 
 
 .Arthur Falkenau 
 
 
 Tinius, Olsen & Co 
 
 
 ..Mackintosh, Hemphill & Co 
 
 
 Scaife Foundry Machine Co 
 
 Providence, R. I :.. 
 
 . Phoenix Iron Foundry 
 
 
 . Hydraulic Engine Mfg Co 
 
 "5 
 
MACHINERY IN GENERAL. 
 
 
 Special, Expi 
 
 mmental and Model Machinery, Etc. 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 : Aetna Iron Works 
 Joshua Hendy Machine Works 
 
 
 
 Hendey & Meyer Engineering Co 
 Hendrie & Bolthoff Mfg Co 
 
 
 
 
 Kennedy & Pierre Machinery Co 
 
 
 
 Western Prospecting Co 
 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn :. 
 
 Bridgeport Machine & Tool Works 
 The Bridgeport Forge Co 
 
 
 New London, Conn 
 
 D. E. Whiton Machine Co 
 
 
 Wilmington, Del :.. 
 
 .Trump Machine Co 
 
 
 
 Berlin Machine Works 
 
 Machinist Supply Co 
 
 Palmer Bros 
 
 Palmyra Manfg Co 
 
 Porter Manfg Co 
 
 Preble Manufacturing Works 
 
 Schrauem & Pease 
 
 
 
 M. H. Walker & Co 
 
 S. A. Woods Machine Co 
 
 
 Galesburg, 111 :.... 
 
 .Industrial Works 
 
 
 Rockport, 111 : 
 
 ..Lillibridge & Erbach 
 Utter Manfg Co 
 
 
 Springfield, 111 : ... 
 
 ..Gillet & Hunter 
 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind 
 
 Chandler & Taylor Co 
 
 Howard Machine Works 
 
 Steel Pulley and Machine Works 
 
 
 Milton, Ind : 
 
 ,Dorsey Machine Co 
 
 
 
 ..Munie Engine Works 
 
 
 New Albany, Ind 
 
 Hegewald & Co 
 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa :.. 
 
 ..Novelty Iron Works 
 
 
 
 . W T. *Pyne 
 Union Machine Co 
 
 
 
 ..Bartlett, Haywood & Co 
 James Bates 
 
 Thomas K. Carey & Bros 
 The Ellicott Machine Co 
 H. C. Larabee 
 Parker & Knight 
 Stephenson & Co 
 
 
 
 ..Am Tool and Machine Co 
 Atlantic Works 
 Julian D'este & Co 
 Edson Manfg Co 
 Electric Machine Co 
 Hersey Brothers 
 
 
 1 16 
 

 .Holmes & Blanchard 
 Feet Valve Co 
 Pettee Machine Works 
 Riley & Gray 
 Webb & Watson 
 
 
 Waltham, Mass: .. 
 
 ..John Stark 
 
 
 Westfield, Mass:. 
 
 .The H. B. Smith Co 
 
 
 Worcester, Mass : . 
 
 .A., Burlingam & Co 
 L W. Pond Machine Co 
 Pratt Sumner & Co 
 
 
 
 ..Christian Bauman 
 Sam F. Hodge & Co 
 A. Spranger & Son 
 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich : F. Hartman & Co 
 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich : 
 
 Strait & Packard 
 
 
 Minneapolis, Mini 
 
 : W. Cooper & Co 
 
 Kin ward & Haines Manfg Co 
 
 
 St. Paul, Minn: ... 
 
 ..Lee & Hoff 
 Wm. Roger & Co 
 
 
 Meridian, Miss: . 
 
 ..Progressive Machine Works 
 
 
 Kansas City, Mo : . 
 
 .Jordan & Leas 
 
 
 
 Witte Iron Works 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo : 
 
 .Albrecht & Schellhorn 
 Bignall & Keeler Manfg Co 
 
 D. A. Brislin 
 Chouteau Manfg Co 
 J. A. Grossman & Co 
 W. Ellison & Son 
 Felber Machine Works 
 
 Hood & Murray Machine Works 
 Mielenz, Ziegler & Co 
 C. Moxey& Co 
 
 E. Wachter Machine Works 
 Weatlake & Button Novelty Works Co 
 
 
 Omaha, Neb: 
 
 ..Omaha Model Machine Works 
 Paxton & Vierling 
 
 
 Mount Holly, N. J 
 
 : T. C. Alcott & Son 
 Davison & Driggs 
 Gould & Eberhardt 
 W. G. Greenfield & Co 
 Ohl & Haffner 
 G. E Parker & Co 
 Pierre & Noble 
 L. Still well cS: Co 
 
 
 Plainfield, N. J ■ 
 
 Pond Mach. Toll Co 
 
 
 Trenton, N. J :.... 
 
 ..Duncan McKenzie 
 
 
 Albany, N Y-. 
 
 ...Sullivan & Ehlers 
 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y- . 
 
 . ..Bentlev & Adams 
 
 
 117 
 
Brooklyn, N. Y: Brady Manfg Co 
 
 Kennedy & Diss 
 James W. Lyon 
 Merrill Bros 
 J. S. Simpson 
 White & Price 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y : Daupster Engine Works 
 
 Frank & Co 
 
 Kendall Manfg Co 
 
 Niagara Machine Co 
 
 Niagara Stamping and Tool Co 
 
 The J. T. Noye Manfg Co 
 
 New York City :... Chris. Abele 
 
 P Backus & Son 
 Ph. J. Bender & Sons 
 Benton Manfg Co 
 J. S. Birch &Co 
 Chas. Bramberg 
 J. DeBauvais 
 Delamater, C. D. & Co. 
 
 New York City: Eddy, George B. 
 
 Emmerich & Vonderlehr 
 
 Jackson T. A. 
 
 Kek &Co. 
 
 Lieb Machine Works 
 
 N. Pattern Machine & Die Co. 
 
 Rochester, N.Y. . Connell & Dengler 
 L S. Graves & Son 
 
 Troy, N.Y: Andams Laundry Machine Co 
 
 Knowlson & Kelley 
 Tolhurst Machine Co 
 
 Waterford, N, Y:...Gage Machine Works 
 
 Cincinnati, O : Wm. Barker & Co 
 
 Chas Berkhemer & Co 
 
 Bichford Drill Co 
 
 The Egan Co 
 
 Kech & Co 
 
 Krieger, Burkhardt & Co 
 
 The Laidlaw & Dunn Co 
 
 Lodge & Davis Machine Tool Co 
 
 Muller Machine Tool Co 
 
 Lawrence Roth 
 
 Sebastian May & Co 
 
 Straub Machinery Co 
 
 Cleveland, O: J. Evans & Co 
 
 Forest City Machine Works 
 Franklin Machine Works 
 Horsburg & Scott 
 
 118 
 

 Huntington & Lunt 
 
 Kaufholz Bros 
 
 Otto Konigslow • 
 
 Langenau Manufacturing Co 
 
 River Machine Co 
 
 The Variety Iron Works Co 
 
 Walker Manufacturing Co 
 Columbus. O : Capital City Machine Works 
 
 Industrial Machine Works 
 
 I. G. Pulling & Co 
 
 The P. Hayden Saddlery Hardware Co 
 Dayton, O : Buckeye Iron and Brass Works 
 
 Joice, Cridland & Co 
 
 The Smith & Vaile Co 
 
 Alleghany, Pa: Specialty Manufacturing Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. ..Belmont Machine Works 
 
 Bemet, Milles & Co 
 
 Berry & Orton Co 
 
 James Card ell & Co 
 
 Chambers Bros. & Co 
 
 Enterprise Quilting Machine Co 
 
 Gordon & Gilbert 
 
 Edwin Harring on, Son & Co 
 
 Jos. Heginbottom Machine Co 
 
 Lamb Machine Co 
 
 National Boiler and Machine Co 
 
 Neafle & Levy 
 
 Olsen, Tinius & Co 
 
 Pedrick & Ayer 
 
 Schaum & Uhlinger 
 
 L. Schutts & Co 
 
 Taws & Hartman 
 
 Textile Machine Co 
 
 Wynn & Hen wood 
 Pittsburg, Pa: Bair & Gazzam 
 
 Best, Fox & Co 
 
 Butler & Gardner 
 
 Franz & Braun 
 
 McGill & Co 
 
 Shook. Anderson & Co 
 
 S. Tretheway and Co 
 Nashville, Ten n :... Southern Novelty Works 
 
 Dallas, Texas; Hetherington & Nason 
 
 Galveston, Texas :... Walsh & Cleary 
 
 Salt Lake City, Utah : Silver and Iron Works 
 
 Utah & Montana Machine Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis:. ..The Wilkin Manfg Co 
 
 119 
 

 MODEL MAKING. 
 
 San Francisco, Ca 
 
 .: Coffin, Alonzo 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 Piatt, O. S. 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 .: Henn, A. S. & Co. 
 
 
 Lambert, Geo D. 
 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 Draher, J. 
 
 
 . Aronson, F. 
 
 
 Brown, H. L. 
 
 
 Garden City Model Works 
 
 
 Meunch, Rob 
 
 
 Union Model Works 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind : 
 
 Hood, H. P. 
 
 Boston, Mass : . . . 
 
 Burley, John 
 
 
 Steers, William 
 
 St. Paul, Minn : . . 
 
 . Seeger, Rob 
 
 
 Buchanan & Co 
 
 
 Medart, Fred 
 
 Jersey City, N.J: . 
 
 . Currier, C. & Sons 
 
 Trenton, N. J : . 
 
 . Baker, William II 
 
 New York City ; . 
 
 Danies, Thomas 
 
 
 Dutcher, G. W. 
 
 
 Einbigler & Ad!er 
 
 
 NEWS PAPERS. 
 
 Augusta, Me : . . 
 
 Maine Farmer 
 
 Lewistown Me : . 
 
 Weekly Journal 
 
 Portland, Me: . . 
 
 Maine State Press 
 
 Concord, N. H : . 
 
 People & N. H. Patriot 
 
 Dover, N. H : . . 
 
 Morning Star 
 
 Manchester, N. H 
 
 : Mirror & Farmer 
 
 Battlesboro, Vt : . 
 
 Vermont Phoenix 
 
 Lyndon, Vt : . . 
 
 Vermont Union 
 
 Montpelier, Vt : . 
 
 Argus & Patriot 
 
 Boston, Mass : . . 
 
 Sunday Courier 
 
 
 Weekly Globe 
 
 
 Weekly Journal 
 
 
 Mass. Ploughman 
 
 
 New England Farmer 
 
 
 New England Staaten Zeitung 
 
 
 Pilot 
 
 Greenfield, Mass : 
 
 . Gazette & Courier 
 
 New Bedford, Mass : Republican Standard 
 
 Northampton, Mass : Hampshire Gazette 
 
 Pittsfield, Mass: . 
 
 Berkshire Co. Eagle 
 
 Somerville, Mass : 
 
 Journal 
 
 Springfield, Mass : 
 
 Weekly Republican 
 
 
 Weekly Union 
 
 Worcester, Mass : 
 
 . Weekly Spy 
 
 120 
 
Newport, R. I : . Mercury 
 Providence, R. I. . Sunday Telegram 
 Woonsocket, R. I : Patriot 
 Bridgeport, Conn : Rep. Standard 
 Danbury, Conn : . News 
 Hartford, Conn : . Conn. Catholic 
 
 Conn. Courant 
 
 Conn. Post 
 
 Weekly Times 
 New Haven, Conn : Columbian Register 
 
 Sunday Register 
 West Winsted, Conn Winsted Herald 
 Albany, N. Y : . . Cultivator & Country Gentleman 
 
 Weekly Journal 
 
 Sunday Press 
 
 Weekly Times 
 Bath, N. Y : . . . Steuben Farmers Advocate 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y : . An 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y : . 
 Cambridge, N. Y 
 Elmira, N. Y : . 
 Hudson, N. Y : . 
 Lockport, N. Y : 
 New York City : 
 
 Rochester, N. Y 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y 
 Troy, N. Y : 
 
 Utica, N. Y : . 
 
 Watertown, N. 
 Ailentown, Pa. 
 
 zeiger 
 News 
 Review 
 
 Aurora (Germ.] 
 Washington County Post 
 Husbandman 
 Gazette 
 
 Niagara Democrat 
 Am. Art Journal 
 Am. Machinist 
 Weekly Baptist 
 Catholic Herald 
 Christian Advocate 
 Evening Post 
 Weekly Herald 
 Weekly News 
 
 Woechentliche Staatszeitung 
 Weekly Sun 
 Weekly Times 
 Weekly World 
 Am. Rural Home 
 Weekly Democrat 
 Express 
 
 Weekly Journal 
 Weekly Press 
 Weekly Times 
 Herald, Gazette & Courier 
 Weekly Observer 
 Y. Drych 
 Reformer 
 Friedens Bote 
 
 121 
 
Allentown, Pa : ... 
 
 ..Welt Bote 
 
 Bryn Mawr, Pa ; . 
 
 Home News 
 
 Doylestown, Pa: . 
 
 Bucks County Intelligencer 
 
 
 Democrat 
 
 Germantown, Pa: 
 
 . Telegraph, (weekly) 
 
 Harrisburg, Pa : . 
 
 Telegraph, [weekly] 
 
 
 Lutheran Observer 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 Weekly Press 
 
 
 *' Times 
 
 
 Ver. Staaten Zeitung 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa : . . 
 
 Chronicle 
 
 
 Weekly Post 
 
 
 " Telegraph 
 
 Reading, Pa : . . 
 
 " Eagle 
 
 West Chester, Pa : 
 
 Teffersonian 
 
 Asbury Park, N. J: journal 
 
 Newark, N J : . 
 
 Journal Weekly 
 
 Baltimore, Md. . 
 
 American 
 
 
 Baltimorean 
 
 
 Deutsche Correspondent 
 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 Weekly Sun 
 
 
 Telegram 
 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 : Weekly Post 
 
 
 Star 
 
 Norfolk, Va: . . 
 
 . Weekly Landmark 
 
 
 Virginian 
 
 Richmond, Va : v 
 
 . Weekly State 
 
 
 " Whig 
 
 Wheeling, W. Va: 
 
 Deutsche Zeitung 
 
 
 Intelligencer 
 
 
 Saturday Evening Journal 
 
 Goldsboro, N. C : 
 
 . Transcript-Messenger 
 
 Atlanta, Ga: . . 
 
 . Weekly Constitution 
 
 
 Sunny South 
 
 Columbus, Ga : . 
 
 . Weekly Times 
 
 Savannah, Ga : . 
 
 ' • News 
 
 Mobile, Ala : . . 
 
 . Register 
 
 Montgomery, Ala : 
 
 Weekly Adv. & Mail 
 
 Selma, Ala : . . 
 
 . Southern Argus 
 
 New Orleans, La : 
 
 . Weekly Deutsche Zeitung 
 
 
 Observer 
 
 
 Weekly Picayune 
 
 
 " Times 
 
 Austin, Texas: . 
 
 . Texas Capital 
 
 Dallas, Texas : . 
 
 . Weekly Herald 
 
 Galveston, Texas : 
 
 Weekly News 
 
 
 " Texas Post 
 
 122 
 
Houston Texas : 
 
 " Age 
 
 San Antonio, Texas: " Express 
 
 
 " Freie Presse 
 
 Waco, Texas : . . 
 
 . Examiner and Patron 
 
 Little Rock, Ark., 
 
 Weekly Arkansas Democrat 
 
 
 " Arkansas Gazette 
 
 Frankfort Ky., . 
 
 '* Kentucky Yeoman 
 
 Lexington, Ky., . 
 Louisville, Ky., 
 
 11 Press 
 Agriculturist Legal Tender 
 Weekly Anzeiger 
 
 " Commercial 
 
 
 " Courier- Journal 
 
 
 Farmers Home Journal 
 
 
 True Kentuckian 
 
 Chattanooga, Tenn 
 Knoxville, Tenn., 
 
 ., Weekly Times 
 " Tribune 
 
 Memphis, Tenn., 
 
 " Appeal 
 •' Avalanche 
 
 Nashville, Tenn., 
 
 " Public Ledger 
 " American 
 
 
 Banner Weekly 
 
 Cincinnatti, Ohio., 
 
 Weekly Abend post 
 
 
 " Enquirer 
 " Gazette 
 
 
 " Volksfreund 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio., . 
 
 " Herold 
 
 
 '* Leader 
 
 
 " Plain Dealer 
 
 Columbus Ohio . 
 
 " Courier 
 
 
 " Ohio State Journal 
 " Westbote 
 
 Springfield, Ohio., 
 Steubenville, Ohio. 
 Toledo, Ohio., . 
 
 Farm and Fireside 
 , Weekly Herald 
 " Blade 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind., 
 
 Indiana Farmer 
 
 
 Indiana State Journal 
 
 
 Indiana State Sentinel 
 
 
 Weekly News 
 
 New Albany, Ind. 
 
 Ledger Standard 
 
 Notre Dame, Ind., 
 
 Ave Maria 
 
 Shelbyville, Ind., 
 
 Weekly Shelbyville Democrat 
 
 Terre Haute, Ind., 
 
 Gazette 
 
 Vincennes, Ind . 
 
 . Commercial Weekly 
 
 Bloomington, 111., 
 
 Champaign, 111., 
 Chicago, 111., . . 
 
 Weekly Leader 
 
 " Pantagraph 
 Champaign County Gazette 
 Deutsche Warte 
 
 123 
 

 Chicago, 111., . . . 
 
 Weekly 
 
 Staats Zeitung 
 
 
 
 (< 
 
 Inter Ocean 
 
 
 
 < < 
 
 Irish Tribune 
 
 
 
 (C 
 
 Journal 
 
 
 
 tt 
 
 Katholisches Wochenblatt 
 
 
 
 (< 
 
 Neue Freie Presse 
 
 
 
 <{ 
 
 News 
 
 
 
 (t 
 
 Telegraph 
 
 
 
 CI 
 
 Times 
 
 
 
 (< 
 
 Tribune 
 
 
 
 .« 
 
 Democrat 
 
 
 
 (I 
 
 Transcript 
 
 
 Quincy, 111., . . . 
 
 It 
 
 Herald 
 
 
 
 ( ( 
 
 Whig 
 
 
 Rockford, 111. . . . 
 
 (c 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 Rock Island, 111. . 
 
 (i 
 
 Union 
 
 
 Springfield, 111. . . 
 
 ■ c 
 
 111. State Register 
 
 
 Adrian, Mich: . . 
 
 c i 
 
 Times and Expositor 
 
 
 Detroit, Mich. . . 
 
 <( 
 
 Free Press 
 
 
 
 «« 
 
 Post and Tribune 
 
 
 Kalamazoo, Mich. . 
 
 CI 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 Fon du Lac, Wis. . 
 
 «( 
 
 Commonwealth 
 
 
 Janesville, Wis. . . 
 
 «( 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 Madison, Wis. . . 
 
 (< 
 
 Wisconsin State Journal 
 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. . 
 
 (« 
 
 Wisconsin 
 
 
 
 <( 
 
 Herold (German) 
 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Sentinel 
 
 
 Kansas City. Mo. . 
 
 <( 
 
 Mail 
 
 
 
 «< 
 
 Times 
 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. . . 
 
 (< 
 
 Anzeiger des Westens 
 
 
 
 (( 
 CI 
 
 Missouri Republican 
 Post-Dispatch 
 
 
 
 CI 
 
 Times 
 
 
 
 (< 
 
 Westliche Post 
 
 
 Burlington, Iowa. . 
 
 CI 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 
 «( 
 
 Hawkeye 
 
 
 Davenport, Iowa. . 
 
 (( 
 
 Democrat 
 
 
 
 <« 
 
 Gazette 
 
 
 Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 (( 
 
 Iowa Staats Anzeiger 
 
 
 
 (( 
 
 Iowa State Register 
 
 
 Dubuque, Iowa. . 
 
 . c 
 
 Times 
 
 
 Iowa City, Iowa. . 
 
 (( 
 
 Republican 
 
 
 Keokuck, Iowa. 
 
 (( 
 
 Constitution 
 
 
 Marshalltown, Iowa " 
 
 Times Republican 
 
 
 Sioux City, Iowa. . 
 
 (( 
 
 Journal 
 
 
 St. Paul, Minn. . . 
 
 cc 
 
 Dispatch 
 
 
 
 i e 
 
 Globe 
 
 
 
 i. 
 
 Pioneer Press 
 
 124 
 
Winona, Minn. . 
 
 " Republican 
 
 
 Atkison, Kansas 
 
 M Patriot 
 
 
 Emporia, Kansas. 
 
 " News 
 
 
 Leavenworth, Kan 
 
 •' Appeal and Tribune 
 
 
 Topeka, Kansas. . 
 
 " Kansas Farmer 
 " Commonwealth 
 
 
 Lincoln, Neb. 
 
 " Neb. State Journal 
 
 
 Nebraska City, Neb " Press 
 
 
 Omaha, Neb. . . . 
 
 11 Bee 
 
 11 Republican 
 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Colorado Farmer & Live Stock Jourr 
 Weekly Rocky Mountain News 
 
 " Times 
 
 •' Tribune 
 
 lal. 
 
 Pueblo, Colo. . . 
 
 " Colo. Chieftain 
 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal. . 
 
 " Herald 
 11 Express 
 
 
 Oakland, Cal. . . 
 
 il Times 
 
 
 Sacramento, Cal. 
 
 " Bee 
 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 " Alta California 
 California Farmer 
 Weekly Chronicle 
 
 «■ Post 
 
 
 Portland, Oregon. 
 
 " Oregonian 
 Willamette Farmer 
 
 
 NOVELTY MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 
 Bridgeport, Conn. 
 
 The Hatch & Holmes Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Waterbury, Conn. 
 
 American Pin Co 
 
 Novelty Mfg. Co 
 
 The Chapman & Armstrong Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Chicago, 111. . . 
 
 Art Album Co 
 Carr E. W., & Co 
 Inventors Exchange 
 U. S. Home Mfg. Co 
 Wunder & Co 
 
 
 Boston, Mass. . . 
 
 . Bay State Mfg. Co 
 M. W. Carr Co 
 Novelty Brass Co 
 Henry W. Peabody Co 
 Wells Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Easton, Mass. . . 
 
 N. E. Specialty Co 
 
 
 Leominster Mass. . 
 
 Dulite Novelty Co 
 
 
 Newburyport, Mass.Chrolitthion Novelty Co 
 
 
 North Adams Mass. Novelty Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Worcester, Mass. 
 
 Alex. McDonald 
 
 
 Detroit, Mich. . . 
 
 Black L., & Co 
 
 
 
 Eagle Mfg. Co 
 
 
 125 
 

 ..Metallic Goods Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo. . . 
 
 . Coe Yonge & Co 
 
 Omaha, Neb. . . 
 
 Pioneer Novelty Co 
 
 Newark N. J. . . 
 
 . Bogardus New Art Co 
 
 
 Newark Novelty Co 
 
 
 Newark Specialty Co 
 
 N. Y 
 
 . Auburn Novelty Co 
 
 Brooklyn, N. R. . 
 
 . Clinton Mfg. Co 
 
 New York City. . 
 
 . The Am. Artistic Gold Stamping Co 
 
 
 American Pin Co 
 
 
 Arlington Novelty Co 
 
 
 Brass]]Goods Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Celluloid Novelty Co 
 
 
 Eureka Trick and Novelty Co 
 
 
 The H. B. Hardenburg Co 
 
 
 Harman & Straus Specialty Co 
 
 
 Inventors Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Kaufmann & Strauss 
 
 
 Mnfs. Distributing Co 
 
 
 Novelty Mfg. Co 
 
 
 Rob. Sneider 
 
 
 Union Metal Novelty Co 
 
 
 C. F. Verzier 
 
 
 Hofner H. Wellman 
 
 
 World Mfg. Co 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y. . 
 
 Novelty Mfg. Co 
 
 Troy, N. V. . . . 
 
 Troy Novelty Co 
 
 Cincinnati, O. 
 
 . International Novelty Co 
 
 
 Monarch Novelty Co 
 
 
 Queen City Novelty Supply Co 
 
 
 Keystone Mfg. Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 A. C. Knight E Co 
 
 
 Phila. Novelty Co 
 
 
 A. Schoenhut & Co 
 
 Watsontown, Pa. 
 
 Watsontown Novelty Co 
 
 Providence, R. I. 
 
 . Towel Rack & Novelty 
 
 
 Vanstone Mfg. Co 
 
 Springfield, Vt. . . 
 
 Vermont Novelty Works Co 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. . 
 
 Elite Mfg. Co 
 
 PAINT AND COLOR MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 . California Paint Co 
 
 
 Pacific Gilt Lead Works 
 
 
 Pacific Rubber Paint Co 
 
 Chicago, 111. . . . 
 
 Brainard Paint Co 
 
 
 Cary-Ogden Co 
 
 
 Chicago White Lead Co 
 
 
 Matterson Bro & Co 
 
 126 
 
Chicago, 111 : The Sherwin-Williams Co 
 
 Baltimore, 111 : Rubber Paint Co 
 
 John Briggs & Co 
 
 C. E. Folsom & Co 
 Jones & Co 
 
 The Sherwin-Williams Co 
 Detroit, Mich: Detroit White Lead Co 
 
 Penins. W. L. and Color Works 
 iMinneapolis, Miss: W. W. Sly Paint Manfg Co 
 
 St. Paul, Minn : Steams Paint Manfg Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo; Mound City Paint and Color Co 
 
 G. M. Nelson Paint Co 
 
 St. Louis Paint Manfg Co 
 
 Standard Paint Co 
 New York City: The Andrews Paint and Color Co 
 
 Am. Mixed Paint Co 
 
 A. B. Assbacher & Co 
 
 Femoline Chemical Co 
 
 Geo. N. Gardiner 
 
 German Color Co 
 
 Heller & Merz Co 
 
 New York Instating Co 
 
 The Prince Manfg Co 
 
 R. F. Seaman & Co 
 
 Standard Paint Co 
 
 S. P. Wetherill Co 
 
 Troy, N. Y : Troy Paint and Color Works 
 
 Cincinnati, O : Fav. Paint and Oil Works 
 
 Cleveland, 0: Iron-clad Paint Co 
 
 Thompson Manfg Co 
 
 Alleghany, Pa : \I. B. Snydam & Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa .-...Eureka Paint and Color Works 
 
 N. Z Graves & Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: M. B. Snydam & Co 
 
 Chattanooga. Tenn : Southern Paint and Color Co. 
 Richmond, Va : C. W. Tanner & Co 
 
 PATENT MEDICINE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Chicago, 111; Emmett Proprietary Co 
 
 Foley & Co 
 
 D. Kelly & Co 
 Koenig Medicine Co 
 J. B. Lynas & Co 
 
 Marshall Medicine aud Chemical Co 
 
 Boston, Mass: Ame & Co 
 
 Bedford Chemical Co 
 Dam's' Remedy Co 
 Flower Medical Co 
 
 127 
 

 J. W. Col ton & Co 
 
 
 ..Williams, Farrand & Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn 
 
 : German Medine Co 
 
 St. Paul, Minn;,... 
 
 . .Sigler Manfg Co 
 
 Kansas City, Mo :. 
 
 . Benso Medicine Co 
 
 
 .Am Remedy Co 
 S. Pfeiffer Manfg Co 
 
 
 
 Southwestern Medicine Co 
 
 
 Wolflard Salve Manfg Co 
 
 Newark, N. J : 
 
 ..B. S. Lauderdale & Co 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y: 
 
 ..Powell & Plimpton 
 
 
 D. Ransom & Co 
 
 New York City :... 
 
 ..J. P. Bush Manfg Co 
 
 
 H. Planters & Son 
 
 
 Winchester & Co 
 
 
 ..A. B Grover & Co 
 
 
 G. Hahn & Co 
 
 Troy, N. Y: 
 
 ..L. Burton & Co 
 
 
 J. L. Thompson & Co 
 
 
 .Eureka Medicine Co 
 
 
 J. N. Harris & Co 
 
 
 John D. Park & Sons 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa :.. 
 
 .Geo. W. Ellis 
 
 Providence, R. 1 :.. 
 
 .Geo. A. Peckham 
 
 Fort Worth, Texas 
 
 Dashwood Medical and Chemical Co 
 
 Fond du Lac, Wis : 
 
 Stiles & Givens Co 
 
 REFRIGERATOR MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 
 .Chicago Refrigerator Manfg Co 
 
 
 Jackson Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 Lorillard Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 Geo. N. Pierre & Co 
 
 
 Ridgeway Refrigerator Manfg Co 
 
 
 Thayer Portable Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 Wickes Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 ..Globe Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 . Roloson's Dry Air Refrigerator Co 
 h: Grand Rapids Refrigerator Co 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mic 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: 
 
 St. Louis Refrig & Wooden Gutter Co. 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y: 
 
 ..The Ross Pat. Refrigerator Co 
 
 
 S. Gray & Co 
 
 
 . .Belding Mfg Co 
 
 
 L. H. Mace & Co 
 
 
 .Baldwin Dry Air Refrigerator Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa :.. 
 
 .John P. Maher & Co 
 
 
 Ridgeway Refrigerator Co 
 
 128 
 
SADDLERY, HARNESS, &C. 
 
 Louisville, Ky : Harbison & Gathright 
 
 Langdon-Krieger Saddlery Co 
 
 New Orleans, La .-...Baker, Slos & Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: P. Burns & Co 
 
 P. J. Peters Saddlery & Harness Co 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y: National Harness Co 
 
 New York City: Whitman Saddle Co 
 
 Cincinnati, 0: D. S. Carrick & Co 
 
 Grossmann, Gouvion & Co 
 
 SEWING MACHINE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Hartford, Conn: Weed Sewing Machine Co 
 
 Chicago, 111: Foley & Williams Mfg Co 
 
 Boston Mass: Reece Button Hole Machine Co 
 
 Florence, Mass: Florence Machine Co 
 
 New York City Bonnaz Embroidering Machine Co 
 
 The Florence Machine Co 
 Kruse Mfg Co 
 National Machine Co 
 New Home Sewing Machine Co 
 Rotary Sewing Machine Co 
 Standard Sewing Machine Co 
 Tracy Sewing Machine Co 
 Union Special Sewing Machine Co 
 Wheeler & Wilson Mfg Co 
 Wilcox & Gibb, Sewing Machines 
 Philadelphia, Pa: Am. Button Hole,Overseam audS. Mach. Co 
 Button Sewing Machine Co 
 Dewees Fabric Trimmer Co 
 Domestic Sewing Machine Co 
 Lamb Machine Co 
 Singer Mfg Co 
 
 STEAM ENGINE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 (See also Iron Works, Machinery, etc.) 
 San Francisco, Cal : Atlas Iron Works 
 
 C. H Evans & Co 
 
 Hartford, Conn : The Hartford Dynamic Co 
 
 New Haven, Conn :..The Norwalk Iron Works 
 Wilmington, Del: ...Remington Machine Co 
 
 Chicago, III: Rob. Tarrant 
 
 Boston, Mass : Atlantic Works 
 
 Ge. K. Paul & Co 
 Detroit, Mich : The Coller Steam Yacht & Engine Works 
 
 Fulton Iron & Engine Works 
 
 St. Louis, Mo : L. M. Rumsey Mfg Co 
 
 South New Market, N. H: Swamscot Machine Co 
 
 129 
 
Buffalo, N. Y: 
 
 ...H. G. Trout 
 
 Fishkill on-the Hudson, N. Y: Fishkill . anding Mach. Co 
 
 Newburgh, N. Y : 
 
 ...William Wright 
 
 New York City :.. 
 
 ... N. Y. Engineering Co 
 
 
 N. Y. Safety Steam Co 
 
 
 Skinner Engine Co 
 
 
 Triple Thermic Motor Co 
 
 
 Wells Engine Co 
 
 
 Westlinghouse Church, Kerr & Co 
 
 
 , ..Knowlson & Kelley 
 
 Salem, 0: 
 
 ...Buckeye Engine Co 
 
 
 .. Thos. Carlin's Sons 
 
 
 ... H. King & Sons 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 ...High Bros & Co 
 
 
 Jos. Lumley 
 
 
 M. R. Muchle 
 
 
 Neafie & Levy 
 
 
 ...Thos. Carlin's Sons 
 
 
 Combination Engine Co 
 
 
 Robinson Rea Mfg 
 
 Nashville, Tenn :. 
 
 ...Davidson Engine Co 
 
 
 ..Madison Mfg Co 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis :. 
 
 .. The Wilkin Mfg Co 
 
 
 ..Racine Hardware Mfg Co 
 
 
 STEAM HEATING. 
 
 
 ...Hughes & Keith, Sanitary Supply Co 
 
 New Haven, Conn 
 
 :..New Haven Steam Heating Co 
 
 Washington, D. C 
 
 :.. Florida Steam & Hot Water Heaters 
 
 
 , , The John Davis Co 
 
 
 A. A. Griffing Iron Co 
 
 
 Rice & Witacre Mfg Co 
 
 
 ...Bartlett, Hay ward & Co 
 
 
 Wm E Wood & Co 
 
 Boston, Mass : ... 
 
 ...L. Descalzo & Co 
 
 
 Gurney Hot Water Heater Co 
 
 
 Kohler Furnace & Steam Heating Co 
 
 
 B. F. Sturtevant 
 
 
 ...Detroit Radiator Co 
 
 
 A. Harvey & Son 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn: Haptun Steam Heater Co 
 
 
 Porter Steam Heater Co 
 
 SL Paul, Minn :... 
 
 ...Y T oung Safety Heating Co 
 
 
 ...St. Louis Steam Heating & Ventil. Co 
 
 
 Strang & Clark 
 
 New York City :, 
 
 ...Gold Car Heating Co 
 
 
 The Gaubert Mfg Co 
 
 
 Gurney Hot Water Heater Co 
 
 130 
 
New York City :. 
 
 ...J. F. Pease Heaters 
 
 
 New fork Steam Co 
 
 
 ...Pierre. Butler & Pierre Mfg Co 
 
 
 ...Reading Steam Heating & Vintel. Works 
 
 Providence R. I :. 
 
 ...Providence Steam Heating Co 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis :. 
 
 .. Bayley Steam Heating Co 
 
 STEAM 
 
 PUMP MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Los Angeles, Cal : 
 
 .Dow Steam Pump Works 
 
 
 , , Barr Pumping Engine Co 
 
 
 Nye Steam Vacuum Pump Co 
 
 
 ...National Iron & Brass Works 
 
 
 ..John Post, Jr. «Jc Co 
 
 
 ...Dean Steam Pump Co 
 
 
 ...Henry Worthington 
 
 
 Churchill Pump Co 
 
 Jersey City, N. J 
 
 ...Maslin's Pulsator Pump 
 
 Brooklyn, N. Y... 
 
 ...Clayton Steam Pump Works 
 
 
 Niagara Steam Pump Works 
 
 Buffalo. N. Y 
 
 ...The Buffalo S'eam Pump Co 
 
 New York City... 
 
 ..Hall Steam Pump Co 
 
 
 Woodward Steam Pump Co 
 
 
 ...The Canton Steam Pump Co 
 
 Cincinnati, 
 
 Brandford Well and Pump Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa.. 
 
 ...Barr Pumping Engine Co 
 
 
 Gordon Steam Pump Co 
 
 
 Kay Bro. & Co 
 
 
 Pittsburg Supply Co 
 
 
 STOCK BROKERS. 
 
 
 F. W. Miller & Co 
 
 San Francisco, Cal: A. J. Angell 
 
 
 W. Banuan i Co 
 
 
 E. Oihill A Co 
 
 
 Donovan & Weinschenk 
 
 
 A. W. Foster ft Co 
 
 
 E. Gauthier & Co 
 
 
 Greene ft Co 
 
 
 C. P. Harris & Co 
 
 
 C. H- Kauffman 
 
 
 Ives & Co 
 
 
 Kuhl, Roemer & Co 
 
 
 Manheim. Staples & Co 
 
 
 H. II. Noble & Co 
 
 
 Otis & Co 
 
 
 Rehfish & Co 
 
 
 Salomon Manfg Co 
 
 
 H. B. Smith. Jr. 
 
 Ill 
 
San Francisco, Cal 
 
 : W. D. Valentine & Co 
 S. B. Wakefield & Co 
 T. Whitely & Co 
 
 
 Hartford, Conn.... 
 
 ,R. R. Abbe 
 J. B. Russell 
 J. G. Woodward 
 
 
 New Haven, Conn. 
 
 ..Brunnell & Scranton 
 W T. Hatch & Sons 
 
 
 Wilmington, Del... 
 
 ..R. R. Robinson & Co 
 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 .E. Brand & Co 
 Cooke & Co 
 C. T. Havener & Co 
 Moore & Schley 
 
 
 
 B. K. Plain Co 
 
 « 
 
 
 B. B. Williams 
 
 
 
 . H. Castleman 
 J. A. Hall 
 E. T. Paine 
 The Tolleson Commission Co 
 
 
 Augusta, Ga 
 
 ..J. J. Cohen 
 J. U. Jackson 
 
 
 
 ..J. Blackman 
 Johnson & Norman 
 
 
 
 .G. T. Kershaw 
 J. W. Lockett 
 
 
 
 ,H. Blim 
 
 J. Ehlen 
 
 G. W. Lamar 
 
 L. A. Wakeman 
 
 
 
 C. V. Banta 
 
 D. F. Baxter 
 A. J. Cutler 
 A. Durham 
 
 L. H. Freiberger 
 M. Straus 
 W. B. Wrenn 
 
 
 Fort Wayne Ind :. 
 
 ..L. C. Hurm 
 
 
 Lafayette, Ind : 
 
 .Potter & Orth 
 
 
 
 . Almstedt Bros 
 J. T. G Gait 
 John Green 
 
 
 New Orleans, La:. 
 
 ..H. Bier 
 J. L. Herwig 
 J. Klein & Co 
 H. Lange 
 A. J. Louis 
 E. Eisenhauer 
 
 
 Portland, Me: 
 
 . J. S. Morris 
 
 
 132 
 
Portland, Me: A. Shurtleff 
 
 Baltimore, Md : R. H. Harris 
 
 C L. Howell 
 
 Kummer & Becker 
 
 G. Ober 
 Boston, Mass: Adams, Blodgett & Co 
 
 M. R. Ballou 
 
 J. H. Brown 
 
 Chase & Barstow 
 
 J. E. Hall 
 
 F. N. Mudge 
 B. F. Tenney 
 H. Walter & Co 
 Waterman & Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn: G. W Hood, Jr. 
 
 M S. Lewis 
 St Paul, Minn: Doran M. & Co., 311 Jackson 
 
 Lew A. M , 20 Gilfillan blk 
 
 Maher E. A. & Co., 307 Jackson 
 Murray, Rank & Co , '23 Nat'l G.A. bank bldg 
 
 Stokes S S , 333 Jackson 
 
 Walker & Co , 1 Gilfillan blk 
 Kansas City, Mo : .Abell M. B., 11 Wales bldg 
 
 Arnold J H., 3 James b'dg 
 Jarvis, Conklin Mortgage Tr. Co , N.E. bldg 
 
 Wallman W. J. & Co. 12 Wales bldg 
 St. Louis, Mo : H Brentano 
 
 J Campbell 
 
 Donaldson Bond and Stock Co 
 
 A. G. Edwards & Son 
 
 L. Goldman 
 
 Kohn & Co 
 
 U S. Investment Co 
 
 W. F. Wernse & Co 
 Omaha, Neb: Dale J., 404 Merchants Nat. Bank bldg 
 
 Dike A P., 310 S 15th 
 
 Wilson W. A , 1418 Harney 
 Brooklyn, N. Y : J. Lehrenkrauss 
 
 G. H. Prentiss & Co 
 Buffalo, N. Y: A. Church 
 
 W. R. McNiven 
 
 New York City : Am. Investment and Finance Co 
 
 G. A Bergman 
 I. S. Bernheimer 
 Blum & St. Goar 
 James Boys Co 
 C H. Currie 
 J, R. Day 
 
 r 33 
 
New York City : 
 
 ..Emerson & Co 
 
 
 L. S. Frankenheimer 
 
 
 Gregory, Ballou & Co 
 
 
 G. M. Hahn. 
 
 
 Keilholz Bros 
 
 
 Kohn, Popper & Co 
 
 
 E. L Oppenheimer & Co 
 
 
 Randall & Wierum 
 
 
 Rosenheim & Herzog 
 
 
 I. Sonnenberger 
 
 
 Springer & Co - 
 
 Rochester, N. Y: 
 
 ...W. C. Fox & Co 
 
 
 J. M Lux 
 
 
 A. Robinson 
 
 Troy, N. Y: 
 
 ...L. Boardman 
 
 
 Neher & Carpenter 
 
 
 Ogden, Calder & Co 
 
 
 W. W. Willard 
 
 
 W. S. Brown 
 
 
 R. E. Dunlap 
 
 
 G. W. Durrell 
 
 
 J. W. Haley 
 
 
 S B Keys 
 
 
 E. N. Laralde 
 
 
 I. N. Stoeckle 
 
 
 J. H. Vornholz 
 
 
 I. Wolf 
 
 
 ..H. C. Dening 
 
 
 T. A. Kelley 
 
 
 C. H. Potter & Co 
 
 
 C. C. Viall & Co 
 
 
 ..Hanson & Co 
 
 
 J. N. Champion 
 ..M. Sehaefer 
 
 
 
 J. A. Schieble 
 
 
 ,W. 8. Thomas & Bro. 
 
 
 L S, Weaber 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa : 
 
 ...H. F. Bachman 
 
 
 H Borden & Co 
 
 
 W. Curtiss 
 
 
 A. D. & W. P. Fell 
 
 
 E. Henderson 
 
 
 Howard, Bell & Co 
 
 
 F. Huth 
 
 
 E. W. Keene 
 
 
 T. C. Knight 
 
 
 K. W. Magill & Co 
 
 
 Moelling & Autenreith 
 
 *34 
 
Philadelphia, Pa:...W. S. Myers & Co 
 E. B. Pall 
 
 Philadeldhia Stock Exchange 
 Stahl & Straub 
 S. H. Thomas 
 J. K. Wildman 
 
 E. K. Wohlgamuth 
 Pittsburg, Pa: S. Arnold 
 
 S-. W. Black & Co 
 
 J. W. Drape & Co 
 
 Geo. B. Hill & Co 
 
 Kuhn Bros 
 
 S. J. Pentecost 
 
 Whitney & Stephenson 
 Providence, R. I: B. B. BarroAvs 
 
 H. C. Cranston 
 
 H. Pearce 
 
 S. Frash & Co 
 
 Q. R. Weeden & Co 
 
 J. Wilbur & Co 
 Charleston, S. C:... Cochran & Alexander 
 
 H. DeLeon 
 Norfolk, Va: Morris & Morris 
 
 C. T. Sydner 
 Richmond, Va: C. W. Branch & Co 
 
 Davenport & Co 
 
 R. W. Maury 
 
 W. G. Taylor & Co 
 
 J. C. Williams 
 Nashville, Tenn:...Arrington & Farrar 
 
 J. Davis 
 
 H. Scovel 
 
 Moore & Co 
 Brownsville, Tex: E. C. Forto 
 
 Corsicana, Tex: Frost & Barry 
 
 Dallas, Tex: A. W. Childress 
 
 Galveston, Tex: B. A. Isaacs & Co 
 
 Houston, Tex: Canon & Seligson 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis:...E. H. Goodrich 
 
 F. S. Iole 
 Alexander Cohen 
 
 STOVE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal : San Francisco Stove Works 
 
 Denver, Col: Great Western Stove Co 
 
 Stamford, Conn: Stamford Foundry 
 
 Chicago, 111: Calorific Wonder Co 
 
 Chicago Stove Works 
 
 135 
 
Chicago, 111: Fuller & Warren Co 
 
 Louisville, Ky: Bridgford & Co 
 
 The Progressive Stove Works 
 Baltimore, Md: The B. C. Bibb Stove Co 
 
 S. B. Sexton & Son 
 
 Isaac A. Sheppard & Co 
 
 Wm. E. Wood & Co 
 Boston, Mass; Barstow Stove Co 
 
 Boston Furnace Co 
 
 Smith & Anthony Stove Co 
 Detroit, Mich: Detroit Stove Works 
 
 Michigan Stove Works 
 
 Peninsular Stove Co 
 Minneapolis, Minn: Northwestern Stove Works 
 
 St. Paul, Minn: Central Stove Works 
 
 Kansas, Mo: C. W. Fairman Stove Co 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Bridge & Beach Co 
 
 Evers Stove Mfg Co 
 Omaha, Neb: Duffey Trowbridge Stove Mfg Co 
 
 Albany, N. Y: Albany Stove Co 
 
 New York City J. L. Mottlron Works 
 
 Peekskill Stove Works 
 
 Richardson & Boynton Co 
 
 The Richardson & Morgan Co 
 Rochester, N. Y:...Sill Stove Works 
 
 Troy, N. Y; Troy Arch. Iron Works and Foundry 
 
 Cincinnati, O: Chamberlain Stove Co 
 
 Cleveland, O: Winslow Safety Car Stove Co 
 
 The Standard Lighting Co 
 
 Columbus, O: Capital City Stove Co. Works 
 
 Mansfield, O: The Ohio Valley Foundry Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. ..Abraham Cox Stove Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: Crea, Graham &Co 
 
 Nashville, Tenn;..Phillips & Buttorff Mfg Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis;. ..Brand Stove Co 
 
 TINWARE MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Chicago, 111: Chicago Stamping Co 
 
 Chicago Tin & Hardware Co 
 C. Shepard, Sidney & Co 
 
 Baltimore, Md: Mathews, Ingram & Co 
 
 Boston, Mass: Dover Stamping Co 
 
 Lalaurge Grosjean Mfg Co 
 Hollander, Bradshaw & Folsom 
 
 Elmira, N. Y: S. II. Lancy 
 
 New York City The Central Stamping Co 
 
 Reilley Bros 
 
 Cincinnati, O: The Cincinnati Stamping Co 
 
 136 
 
Cincinnati, O: Western Tin and Japan Mfg Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:...C. P. Pool & Co 
 Milwaukee, Wis:... Kieckhefer Bros. & Co 
 
 TOOL MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal: San Francisco Tool Co 
 
 Hartferd, Conn: The Billings & Spencer Co 
 
 Chicago, 111: Cleveland Twist Drill Co 
 
 Bangor, Me: E. Mansfield & Co 
 
 Boston, Mass: Am. Axe and Tool Co 
 
 Goodnow & Wightman 
 
 H. H. Harvey 
 
 Tremont Mfg Co 
 Springfield, Mass:.. Hardware & Tool Co 
 
 Dotroit, Mich: Detr. Edge & Tool Works 
 
 St. Louis, Mo: Western Forge and Tool Works 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y: American Bit Brace Co. 
 
 New York, N. Y:... American Pneumatic Tool Co 
 
 American Tool Co 
 
 Manhattan Tool Co 
 
 Syracuse, N. Y: .Syracuse Twist Drill Co 
 
 Cleveland, O: Standard Tool Co 
 
 The Worden Tool Co 
 
 Meadville, Pa: Barret Vice and Tool Co. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa:. .Geo. J. Ellis & Sons 
 
 Palmer, Cunningham & Co 
 
 Pittsburg, Pa: Iron City Tool Works 
 
 Madison, Wis: Lake City Tool Co 
 
 TOY MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Birmingham, Conn: A. B. Buggies 
 Bridgeport, Conn:. . Ives, Blakeslee & Co 
 C. Ritchel 
 Watson Iron Works Co 
 
 Chatham, Conn: Thewall Mfg Co 
 
 Derby, Conn: Gilbert & Sons 
 
 Durham, Conn: Merriam Mfg Co 
 
 East Hampton, Conn: Bevis BrO. Mfg Co 
 East Hampton Bell Co 
 New Haven, Conn: C. D. Goodwin 
 Middletown, Conn: W. F. Chapman & Co 
 
 Samuel Kirby 
 Plymouth, Conn:... Whistle Wheel Toy Co 
 South Norwalk, Conn: Lockwood Mfg Co 
 
 Chicago, 111: Chicago Toy & Fancy Goods Co 
 
 Colbv Toy Mfg Co 
 St. Nicholas Mfg Co 
 Baltimore, Md: N. Y. Toy & Novelty Mfg Co 
 
 137 
 
Fitchburg, Mass:.. 
 
 .Novelty Turning Co 
 
 Leominster, Mass, 
 
 The W. S. Reed Co 
 
 Lowell, Mass., 
 
 .Merrimack Croquet Co 
 
 New Bedford, Mass., Weedon Mfg Co 
 
 Springfield, Mass., 
 
 ..Milton Bradley Co 
 
 Worchester, Mass. 
 
 , Rowson Bee Hive Co 
 
 Cold water, Mich., 
 
 ..Stevens & Sperry 
 
 Detroit, Mich., 
 
 .Henry C. Hart Mfg Co 
 
 Grand Rapids, Mich., Crescent Mfg Co 
 
 Pattersville, Mich 
 
 ,... Benton Mfg Co 
 
 Bristol, N. H., 
 
 A. Hutchinson 
 
 Clearinonnt, N. H 
 
 ....Union Toy Foundry Works 
 
 Nashua, X. H...... 
 
 ...Nashua Novelty Works 
 
 New York, N. Y., 
 
 ....Eureka Trick & Novelty Works 
 
 
 McLaughlin Brothers 
 
 
 The Stobel & Wilken Co 
 
 
 Weston Toy Co 
 
 
 Wilson Brothers 
 
 Cincinnati, 0., 
 
 .P. J. Marqua Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa., 
 
 „S. E.Clark 
 
 
 James Fallows & Sons 
 
 
 D. High man & Sons 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis., 
 
 ..Instructive Toy Co 
 
 
 TURNERS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal 
 
 : San Francisco Wood and Ivorv Works 
 
 New Haven, Con:. 
 
 . The J. Smith Co 
 
 
 .M. Garrison. 
 
 
 Keller & Co 
 
 Fitchburg, Mass:.. 
 
 .Novelty Turning Co 
 
 Worcester, Mass:.. 
 
 .0. B. Rawson 
 
 Newark, N. J: 
 
 .John B. Oelkers 
 
 Patterson, N. J:... 
 
 .B. Atkinson 
 
 Xew Y^ork City:.... 
 
 E. B. Estes & Son 
 
 
 New Y'ork Pattern Mack, and Die. Co 
 
 
 . .Alleg. Geomet. Wood Carviug Co 
 
 
 VENTILATORS. 
 
 San Francisco, Cal: P. H. Jackson & Co 
 
 
 ..Andrews & Johnson 
 
 
 Cool Air Drying and Ventilating Co 
 
 Boston, Mass., .... 
 
 .National Ventilation Co 
 
 
 B. F. Sturtevant 
 
 
 U. S. Aerophor Air Moist & Venti. Co 
 
 
 U. S. Ventilation Co 
 
 Minneapolis, Minn., Emery Mfg Co 
 
 St. Paul, Minn,, 
 
 ..Exhaust Ventilator Co 
 
 138 
 

 New York City Gouge Heating & Ventilating Co 
 
 The Simmonds Mf'g Co 
 Standard Ventilating Co 
 The Sanitary Ventilating Co 
 
 WASHING MACHINES, WRINGERS, &c. 
 
 Chicago, 111: Colby Wringer Co 
 
 Troy Laundry Machine Co 
 
 Fort Wayne, Ind.,..Horton Mfg Co 
 
 Boston, Mass., J. F. Baldwin & Co 
 
 New York City, Cataract Washing Machine Co 
 
 Empire Laundry Machine Co 
 The A. M. Dolph Co 
 
 Troy, N. Y., Adams Laundry Machine Co 
 
 Cincinnati, O., F. M. Watkins 
 
 Alleghany, Pa., Loyal Mfg. Co 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa.,. ..Restein Mfg. Co 
 
 x 39 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 019 935 716 5