nnw m ImWMl Class JEKiA55 Hook >M G (Lop "4 3~ PRESENTED HY / / Macaronic Poetry « COLLECTED WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY JAMES APPLETON MORGAN, A. M. " The Latin motto prefixed to the firft edition of my Poems, was a puzzle to every one. Not only was it impoffible to tranflate it, but no- body could verify the citation, and many were the complaints exprefled to me. The fact is, finding nothing fuitable, I invented the following, au- thor, volume, and all : Duplex nobis vobifcum et amicitice et fimilium, junttarumque camcenarum; quod utinam neque mors folvet, neque temporis longinquitas. — Gnofcoll. Epift. ad Car. Uterhov. et Ptol. Lux. Taft." Coleridge NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY HURD AND HOUGHTON 1872 ^ K J3- Entered according to Ac"l of Congrefs, in the year 1871, by James Appleton Morgan, the Office of the Librarian of Congrefs, at Wafhington. CM* W. L. Shoemaker 7 S '06 RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. P. R. M VTINAM OPERA • DIGNIORA ■ PERPETVANDI NOMEN • MEMORAMQVE ■ CARAM ■ COMPONERE POSSEM, • SED • CVJVSMODI • SIT, ■ HVNC LIBRVM • AD • MEMORIAM ■ TVI VIRTVTEM • VITAQVE DEDICO. PREFACE. AMILIARITY breeds contempt. Ever fince the Roman tongue has been the quarry of fcholars, learned men, in their lighter moments, — perhaps out of revenge for labored nights and aching tem- ples, — or perhaps to prove themfelves on moft intimate terms with it, have delighted in bur- lefquing its (lately march ; have dared to mock the ponderous periods of Tully, or Maro's nu- merous flow, by fandwiching trivial French and Englifh in between, and chanting in them low jeft or ribald fong. The fpecies of compofition thence refulting has been dubbed Macaronic — the diverfion of fcholars ; being to Literature what Opera Bouffe is to Mufic, — fomething to be compofed, as Roffini played Offenbach — with one finger ; and yet becoming in time fo fertile Pref- ace. VI Pref- ace. Preface. fertile and voluminous, as to almoft touch the dignity of a grand divifion in Letters. The great Italian Macaronics, indeed, became claffic. Enthufiafls like MM. Van de Weyer and Delapierre, have hunted for them among the rubbifh of years, with wonderful perfiftency, and purchafed them at wonderful prices ; the latter gentleman publifhing, in 1852, and again in 1862, his " Macaroneana," in which latter (London, 1862) thefe rather monotonous per- formances are religioufly preferved. There was a Macaronic work, " Epiftolse Obfcurorum Viorum," jmblifhed in Venice in 15 15 (London, 1 7 10), which, it is related, threw the learned Erafmus into fuch paroxyfms of laughter that he burft an abfcefs in his face, thereby faving himfelf the ordeal of an operation the doctors had prefcribed to accomplifh that very refult. A Macaronic inftead of a lancet ! Verily, if this book can perform that fubftitution for any of my fellow-men, I mail not have written in vain ! The reader who cares to make a laborious ftudy of the fubjecl, can find many fources of critical Preface. vii critical and bibliographical information.* In the pages following, I have treated it, — as, in- deed, the Macaronic mould be regarded, — not as the " literary folly " of Mr. Hallam, but as fimply the paftime and relaxation of learned minds, and pretending to be nothing more. Francis Mahoney was one of the moft learned and able men of his age, — a cardinal's hat was at his feet, had he chofen to lift it, — but \ he preferred rather to keep his learning and ability to himfelf j fcattering what little he al- lowed to efcape him, in Sibylline leaves, like thofe I have tied together in this book ; and achieving, by the little he wrote, what the younger Mr. Weller pronounced to be " the great art o' letter writing," — making the peo- ple wilh that he had written more. And after all, in looking over Father Prout's career, I am juft as well fatisfied as if * E. g. Bidermann's Treatife, De Latinitate Maca- 1 ronica, par F. W. Genthe, Leipfic, 1829. Noels Vieux et Noveaux. Paris, 1790. Notices et Ex- ! traites de Qiielque Ouvrages ecrit en Patois du Midi de la France. Paris, 1840. Pref- ace. Vlll Pref- ace. Preface. if he had written a treatife on the Digamma, in twelve volumes octavo, or fpent his days like Dr. Strong, in grubbing at Greek roots for a Dictionary, to be completed (as Adams, who had a turn for mathematics, eftimated) in one thoufand fix hundred and forty-nine years, and confulted, perhaps, in as* many more ! For I have never heard that the world was any hap- pier for the Digamma ; whereas the man who wrote the " Bells of Shandon," has given us many a pleafant evening at the inglefide, and brightened many a lonely hour. This is an iconoclaftic and a utilitarian age ; Gradgrind has weighed everything in his terri- ble fcales, and beaten out of us every darling fiction we were wont to cherifh, and we are Only permitted our proteft, — u fe non e vero, e ben trov,ato." Not only Mary's Little Lamb, but Pocahontas herfelf, is left in the vocative con- dition of St. George and his Dragon : — To fave a Mayd S. George the Dragon flew ; A pretty tale, if all that's told be true ; Moft fay there are no Dragons, and 'tis fayd There was no George — Pray Heaven there was a Mayd ! Perhaps Preface. Perhaps, then, a book, devoted, like the pref- ent, to The Useless, may " fill a void that has long been felt," to ufe the ftereotype facred to Preface makers all over the world. I confefs, in thefe pages, to have taken a confiderable liberty with- my fubjecl:. The Macaronic is properly a fyftem of Latin inflec- tions, joined to words of a vulgar (fee) tongue, fuch as French, Englifh, etc. But I have chofen to difregard the flrictnefs of the definition, and to confider everything macaronic that is writ- ten by the aid of more than one language or dialect. Had I infilled upon the rigidity of the diftinction, I mould have been obliged either to omit altogether, or to arbitrarily claffify the Englifh hybrids, whofe collection has been my main object in the compilation of this book ; while, had I not confined myfelf herein to what may be called the English Macaronic, but drawn from Italian, French, and German fources, I fhould have produced, with my material, not a volume, but a library of excerpta. There are here collected only fuch fpecimens as contain Englifh particles in their IX Prep- ack. Pref- ace. Preface. their composition, and I believe that, with the exception of Sandy's " Specimens of Macaronic Poetry," publimed in London in 183 1 (which is now entirely out of print, and very rarely met with), the prefent is the firft work of its kind, certainly the firft from an American prefs. The only departures from the above rule are, the reprint of the three alliterative poems, " Pugna Porcorum," " Canum cum Cattis," and " De Laude Calvorum," in which I hope to be jufti- fied by their great value, — if exceeding rarity can give value, — and the outlines, in the In- troduction, of the fubjecls of Palindromes, Chronograms, Anagrams, etc., etc. I have no- ticed them generally, becaufe they feem to me to poffefs a nature fomething in common with my theme ; and I hope — even if I am wrong — to be pardoned for the digreffion. Indeed, as the doing of all forts of.fenfelefs gyrations and contortions in our gymnafiums, gives a fa- cility of mufcle that can be turned to more profitable performances, and as the* formal has never been deemed the molt indifferent branch of literature, the following pages might be re- garded Preface. xi garded as a fort of Manual of Verbal Calif- thenics; and, as fuch, though utterly ufelefs, not utterly worthlefs. I regard it as at lead a curious circumftance, and one that may be, in fome fort, my apology for this book, that the mofl widely known and belt Macaronic writers have been lawyers. Wit- nefs : Antonius de Arena, Jean Baptifte Li- chardus, and famous Doctor Geddes, who figns himfelf always, " Advocate." I don't know why it can be, except it is that our profeffion obliges us to keep a little Latin on hand. I know that even in New York, fince the Code has banifhed forever the (lately tongue, law- yers (till like to foberly * air their Roman, for we cannot quite forget that it is the mother tongue * Kean, though not claffically educated, was always anxious to create an impreffion to that effect, and, there- fore, interlarded his converfation liberally with Latin, which was ufually pretty bad. Once, when Phillips, his fecretary, was waiting for him at one of his noctur- nal orgies, the following converfation occurred : — TIME — TWO IN THE MORNING. Phillips. Waiter, what was Mr. Kean doing when you left the room ? Waiter. Pref- ace. Xll Pref- ace. Preface. tongue of Law ; and fo perhaps this book of mine is not altogether unprofeffional. Many a time, as I have mufed along in by- places, or facked the old homeftead garret on a rainy day, I have lighted on a fcrap of rhyme, a ftray fentiment or ftill-born fong, in tattered newfpaper, or forgotten trac"t, and I have crum- pled it in my hand j fluffed it into fome avail- able pigeon-hole, along with brief, or notice, or order to fhow caufe, perhaps, until in a lazy hour it has been patted into my Scrap-books, for my eye alone. Before me, as I write, there lie piled half-a- dozen of thefe awkward volumes.; that, ugly and Waiter. Playing the piano, fir, and fmging. Phillips. O, then he's all right yet. QUARTER PAST TWO. Phillips. What is Mr. Kean doing now ? Waiter. Making a fpeech, fir, about Shakefpeare. Phillips. He's getting drunk ; you'd better order the carriage. HALF-PAST TWO. Phillips. What's he at now ? Waiter. He's talking Latin, fir. Phillips. Then he is drunk. We mull get him_ away. Preface. and fhapelefs as they are, money could not buy from me, nor the hours I have wafted in their random manufacture. They are the farcophagi of ten thoufand ftifled fongs ; dead babies of genius ; rofes that have fhut to be buds again ; notes of birds that died with all their mufic in them ; whofe only headftones are thefe filly piles of pafte and paper. And here, too, are curious little freaks of Latin, French, and Eng- lifh, fuch as I have gathered for this book. I had long thought to fixing together a few of the latter, for thofe who enjoyed them j and when, at laft, I fucceeded in poffefling myfelf of a copy of Sandy's " Specimens " a book about as entirely out of memory as it is of print, I de- termined to make it the bafis of fuch a collec- tion, and the fubftance of that work will be found embodied in the following pages. The bulk of my material, however, has been gathered at intervals from newfpapers and feri- als, from old books like Browning's, — " With all the binding all of a blifter, And great blue fpots where the ink has run, — And reddifh ftreaks that wink and glifter." If Xlll Pref- ace. XIV Pref- ace, Preface. If anybody finds fault with the claffic tongues therein, I have only to remind them that a Macaronic poem is one that recognizes no law of orthography, etymology, syntax, or profody. .The preparation of the prefent volume has been a pleafant vacation work for me, under the trees, when courts were deferted, clerks faucy, and their Honors enjoying themfelves at Branch, Beach, or Spa ; all courting the kiffes of the lazy god, until their vernal roof mould fall upon them, and drive them back about their work again. I cannot hope that its peru- fal will afford anybody quite the entertainment its preparation has given me. It has thrown me into the belt fociety in the world, — into the company of Father Prout and Morgan O'Dougherty, with all their crew of jolly dogs. Befides, I learned to love the little Macaronic in my college days, — In the happy days gone by, De ipfo dicat, " pars fui," — and have never ceafed, even among flerner cares, to hail it as a friend. And Preface. And how much we owe to thofe old days ! Thofe long hours of fcheming after ways and means to flunk Greek ; thofe exhauftive calcu- lations by which — given the Profeffor, the binocular parallax of his chair, the mean aver- age duration of the lecture, and the length of the leffon — we fixed upon the exact ten lines we would be called up to read, thus obviating the neceffity of ftudying the whole hundred ; have they not drilled us for the whole felfifh battle of life ? And then the old college fongs ! An officer once told me that, in that terrible Wildernefs, he came upon a little group of grimmed and blackened men in a rifle-pit, finging " Lauriger Horatius." Near them were lying two wounded comrades, waiting for furgeons, who were long coming in thofe fad days, when brave men lay bleeding in every thicket. And thefe two wounded men — one of them, as it proved, paft all human furgery — were ftoutly echoing the chorus they had fo often fliouted in merry rout and college frolic, when, poor fellows, they lit- tle dreamed their day — " Euro citius " — was upon xv Pref- ace. xvi Preface. Pref- ace. upon them. And I can well fancy, that, like as in that group under the Redan, — Something upon the foldier's cheek Warned off the flains of powder, — as thofe brave hearts dwelt on the long ago. For juft fuch men I have prepared this book, and I hope it will reach them in the fpirit in which it is fent. J. A. M. 229 Broadway, New York, October 2, 1871. INTRODUCTION. EFORE mentioning the Macaronic Au- thors, it may not be out of character to refer to other peculiar and affected ftyles of writing, having fome affinity to their labors. The claffic writers contain occafional inftances of accidental alliteration, as, — *Ev iredio) ttettoXioto, noltg nepontiv av&ptoKuv. — Homer. | *Ecuoa a\ ug laaciv 'Ehlqvtiv baol. — Euripides, Medea. Infans namque pudor prohibebat plura profari. — Horace. Libera lingua loquuntur ludis liberalibus. — Ncevius. Then there is Cicero's unlucky line, — O fortunatam natam me corimie Romam ; which, with the fatirift's commentary,* will be remembered by the reader of Juvenal, as a warning to thofe who are fond of ufing the " fi fie omnia." But * Antoni gladios potuit contemnere, fi fie Omnia dixiffet. — Jim. Sat.,x. 123. " He might have been able to despife the fwords of Antony, if he had kept on talking in this ftyle ; " i. e., if his fpeeches had been as tame as his poems. Introd. Introd. Introduction. But affected alliteration alone is to the pref- ent purpofe, as the line of Ennius, — O Tite, tute, Tati, tibi tanta, Tyranne, tulifti : Or again, — Machina multa minax minitatur maxima muris ; And — At Tuba terribili tonitru taratantara trufit. Thefe following are attributed to Porfon : — Cane decane cane, ne tu cane cane decane, De cane fed canis cane decane cane. The lines on Cardinal Wolfey are old ac- quaintances : — CACOPHONOUS COUPLET ON CARDINAL WOLSEY. Begot by butchers, but by bifhops bred, How high his honor holds his haughty head ! Mrs. Crawford fays me wrote one line in her "Kathleen Mavourneen," on purpofe to con- found the cockney warblers, who would fing it,— The 'orn of the 'unter is 'eard on the 'ill. So Moore, — A 'eart that is 'umble might 'ope for it 'ere. Or: — Ha helephant heafily heats hat his heafe Hunder humbrageous humbrella trees ! Whole poems have been written, wherein every word begins with the fame letter. Of thefe Introduction. thefe, the beft known is the " Pugna Porcorum " containing about three hundred lines, every word of which begins with the letter P. There have been feveral editions ; the original and beft, according to De Bure, being that of 1530. It is a fatire on the clergy ; and, as is ufual with examples of this ftyle, is more to be fought for as a literary curiofity, than for any intrinfic merit. The edition printed with the " Nugae Venales," has a portrait of the fuppofed author, with a pig's head and a pilgrim's hat, and alfo an engraving of the battle. In the fame col- lection, is an amufing poem of about one hundred lines, entitled " Canum cum Catis Certamen Carmine compofitum Currente Ca- lamo C. Catulli Caninii. Au(5tor eft Henricus Horderus." Here every word begins with the letter C, and there is a burlefque engraving accompanying. The poem " De Laude Cal- vorum " is perhaps the moft curious literary performance in the world. This poem of one hundred and forty lines, every word in which begins with a C, was compofed in honor of Charles the Bald, by Hugbaldi or Hugbald, a monk who flourifhed about the year 876. It has paffed through many editions, but is feldom met with at the prefent day.* Still * The " De Laude Calvorum," " Pugna Porcorum," and Introd. Introd. Introduction. Still more rarely met with, is the competition of Chriftinus Pierius, a German, " Criftus Crucifixus," confirming of nearly one thoufand lines. The following will ferve as examples : — Currite Caftalides Chrifto comitate Camcenae Concelebraturae cunctorum carmine certum Confugium collapforum ; concurrite, cantus Concinnaturae celebres celebrefque cothurnos. There is a poem by Hamconius, of about the fame length, called " Certamen Catholico- rum cum Calviniftis, continue caraclere C, conferiptum per Martinum Hamconium, Fri- fium." Lovanii, 1612, 4to. By way of variety, a Jew, Ambonet Abraham, who lived in the 13th century, compofed an oration, wherein every word began with an M. Some lines on Charles IX. combine the acroftic with the alliterative ; the F in the laft line is fuperabundant : — Carole, cui clarius cui cultae cunclse camoense Afpirant, altis altior aethereis, Relligio regni recla ratione regatur, Omnibus objicias obfequiofus opem. Laurea lex laudes lucentes lata loquatur, Vexillum vafrum vis violenta vehat. Sufpice Sicelidum folemnia facro fuperftes, Florefcat foelix Francia fac faveas. Thefe and " Canum cum Catis," &c, will be found at the end of this Introduction. Introduction. Thefe on Viole, Bilhop of Bourgogne, afford an example of the initial V : — Vim vernae violae vifu veneramur vtroque Virtutes varias vulgus vti Violi. Ventorum violat violas violentia, verum Virtutem Violi ventus vbique vehet. In the " Nugae Venales " are the following lines, where the F is the felected letter : — Foemellas furtim fades formofa fefellit Fortuito faciens ferventi furta fugore. Fur foritas fertur fatuens flagroque feritur. The London " Punch " (vol. xlix. p. 141) says of the " Fenians": — Die, fi Fenius es, qua? foenea, fcedera fiant, Foedera, foenifecae foenore, fac, faciant ; Factum in fcenili foedus, furcaque, facetum eft ; Furciferum a furca, quis revocare velit ? Somewhat of the fame character is the epigram written with a diamond on a window-pane of the hotel Sans Souci, Baden-Baden : — Venez ici, fans fouci, vous Partirez d'ici fans fix fous.* Every * A very learned Frenchman in converfation with Dr Wallace of Oxford, about the year 1650, after expatiating on the copioufnefs of the French language, and its rich- nefs in derivations and fynonymes, produced, by way of illuftration, the following four lines on rope-making : — Quand un cordier, cordant, veult corder un corde ; Pour fa corde corder, trois cordons ill accord ; Mais, fi un des cordons de la corde decorde Le cordon decordand fait decorder la corde. To Introd. Introd. Introduction. Every ftudent of Virgil remembers the ftory of the " fie vos non vobis," four times repeated, which To fhow that the English language was at leaft equally rich and copious, Dr. Wallace immediately tranflated the French into as many lines of Englifh, word for word, ufing the word twist to express the French corde : — When a twifter a twilling, will twift him a twift : For the twirling a twift, he three twines doth entwift, But if one of the twines of the twift do untwift, The twine that untwifteth, untwifteth the twift. Here were verbs, nouns, participles, to match the French. To mow farther the power and verfatility of the Englifh, the Do6lor adds the following lines, which continue the fubjedt : — Untwifting the twine that untwifted between, He twirls with his twifter the two in a twine ; Then twice having twilled the twines of the twine He twifteth the twine he had twined in twain. The French funds had been exhaufted at the outfet. Not fo with the Engliih ; for Dr. Wallace, pufhing his triumph, added yet four other lines : — The twain that in twining before in the twine As twins were intwifted, he now doth intwine ; 'Twixt the twain intertwifting a twine more between, He, twirling the twifter makes a twift of the twine. Dr. Adam Clarke, to whom we are indebted for the record of the preceding, adds, in conclufion, that he queftions " whether there is another language in the univerfe, capable of fuch a variety of flections, or which can afford fo many terms and derivations, all coming from the fame radix, without borrowing a Angle term from another tongue — or coining one for the fake of the Intro dnclion. which none but the poet could render complete. One of his tranflators, Stanyhurft, in the fix- teenth century, employs an extraordinary verfi- fication, peculiarly his own, and likely always to remain fo, which renders his onomatopoetic verses fully as unintelligible as the poet's, namely : — When did he make heaven's vault to rebound With rounce robble bobble, Of ruffe raffe roaring With thicke thwacke thurly bouncing. There are fome lines on the Bunker Hill Monument celebration, which cleverly illuftrate this ftyle : — BUNKER HILL. Americans arrayed and armed attend ; Befide battalions bold, bright beauties blend, Chiefs, clergy, citizens, conglomerate, — Detefting Defpots, — daring deeds debate ; Each eye emblazoned enfigns entertain, — Flourifhing from far, fan freedom's flame. Guards greeting guards grown gray, — gueft greeting gueft. , High-minded heroes hither homeward hafte, Ingenuous juniors join in jubilee, Kith kenning kin, kind knowing kindred key. Lo, lengthened lines lend Liberty liege love, Mixed the found. For there is not a word ufed by Dr. Wallace which is not purely Anglo-Saxon — no exotic being entertained." — Salad for the Solitary, p. 310. Introd. Introd. Mixed maffes, mavfhalled, Monumentward move. Note noble navies near — no novel notion Oft our oppreffors overawed old Ocean; Prefumptuous princes priftine patriots paled, Queens'' quarrel quelling quotas, quondam quailed. Rebellion roufed, revolting ramparts rofe. Stout fpirits, uniting fervile foldiers, ftrove. Thefe thrilling themes, to thoufands truly told, Ufurpers' unjuft ufages unfold. Victorious vaffals, vauntings vainly veiled, Where, whilefince, Webfter, warlike Warren wailed 'Xcufe 'xpletives, 'xtra queer 'xpreffed, Yielding Yankee yeomen zeft. PRINCE CHARLES PROTECTED BY FLORA MACDONALD. All ardent acts affright an age abafed By brutal broils, by braggart bravery braced. Craft's cankered courage changed Culloden's cry ; " Deal deep " depofed " deal death " — " decoy," " defy : " Enough. Ere envy enters England's eyes, Fancy's falfe future fades, for Fortune flies. Gaunt, gloomy, guarded, grappling giant griefs, Here hunted hard, his haraffed heart he heaves ; In impious ire inceffant ills invefts, Judging Jove's jealous judgments, jaundiced jefls ! Kneel kirtled knight ! keep keener kingcraft known, Let larger lore life's levelling leffon's loan : Marauders muft meet malefactors meeds ; No nation noify nonconforming needs. O, oracles of old ! our orb ordain Peace's poffeffion — Plenty's palmy plain ! Quiet Quixotic guefts ; quell quarrelling ; Rebuke red riot's refonant rifle ring. Slumber Introduction. Slumber feems ftrangely fweet iince filence fmote The threatening thunders throbbing through their throat. Ufurper ! under uniform unwont Vail valors vagueft venture, vaineft vaunt. Well wot we which were wife. War's wildfire won Ximenes, Xerxes, Xavier, Xenophon : Yet you, ye yearning youth, your young years yield Zuinglius' zealot zeft — Zinzendorf Zion-zealed. Perhaps the bed Englifh alliterative verfe is the following : — An Auftrian Army Awfully Arrayed, Boldly By Battery Befieged Belgrade ; Coffack Commanders Cannonading Come, Dealing Deftruclion's Defolating Doom ; Every Endeavor Engineers Effay, For Fame, For Fortune Fighting — Furious Fray. • Generals 'Gainft Generals Grapple ; Gracious God, How Honors Heaven Heroic Hardihood ! Infuriate, Indifcriminate In 111. Kinfmen Kill Kinfmen, Kindred Kinfmen Kill, Labor Low Levels Loftieft, Longeft Lines ; — Men March 'Mid Mounds, 'Mid Moles, 'Mid Murderous Mines, Now Noify Noxious Numbers Notice Naught Of Outward Obftacles Oppofing Ought ; Poor Patriots ! Partly Purchafed, Partly Preffed, Quite Quaking, Quickly " Quarter," " Quarter," Queft. Reafon Returns, Religious Right Redounds, Sorrow Stops Such Sanguinary Sounds. Truce To Thee, Turkey, Triumph To Thy Twain, Unjuft, Unwife, Unmerciful Ukraine ! Vanifh Vain Victory ! Vanifh Victory Vain ! Why Wifh We Warfare ? Wherefore Welcome Were Xerxes Introd. IO Introd, Introdu6lion. Xerxes, Ximenas, Xanthus, Xavier ? Yield, Yield, Ye Youth ; Ye Yeomen Yield Your Yell, Zeno's Zarpater's Zoroafter's Zeal, Attracting All, Arms Againft Arms Appeal ! There is an alliterative poem on the " Depo- fition of Richard II.," No. 3 of the Camden Society's publications, in the Aftor Library, New York. In the " Anthologica Graeca," edit. H. Steph, i. 58, are poems in praife of Bacchus and Apollo, of another ftyle. Each confifts of twenty-four lines, each word in the firft line beginning with a, in the fecond line with /3, and so on, e. g. : — 'Els BAKXON. Me?i,7ru(j.ev (3aot2,?ja tyVkevvLov, hpa^iurrjv . 'kftpononTjv, uypoiKOV, aoid/jav, ay"ka6jiop^ov } Bolcjtov, (ipbfilov, fiaicxevTepa, fioTpvoxcuTqv, Trj$6avvov, yovoevra, ytyavToTLerrjv, yehocovTci, Aloyev7J, dlyovov, 6i-&vpa/j.(3oyevrf, diovvoov, &c, &c. Lord North, in the reign of James I. wrote a fet of fonnets, each beginning with a fucceffive letter of the alphabet. A pedantic fpecimen appears in the " Bannatyne Ancient Scottifh Poems," being one of the flanzas from " Ane New Yere Gift, To the Quene, quhen fcho come firft hame, 1562," by Alexander Scott : — Frefch, fulgent flurift, fragrant flour, formois, Lantern to lufe, of ladeis lamp and lot, Cherie maift chaift, cheif charbuncle and cbois ; Smaill Introduction. Smaill fweit fmaragde, fmelling but fmit of fmot ; Nobleft Natour, nurice to nurtour not, This dull indyte, dulce dowble dafy deir, Sent by thy fempill fervand Sanderis Scott, Greiting grit God, to grant thy Grace guid yere. This fort of abfurdity is humoroufly alluded to by Kennedy, in his invective addreffed to Dunbar, ft. 37 : — Delbeir, thy fpeir of weir, but feir thow yeild, Hangit, mangit, eddir — ftangit ftryndie ftultorum ; To me, maist he Kennedie, and flie the field, Pickitt, wickit, ftrickit, convickit, lamp lulladorwn, Diffamit, fchamit, blamit primus Paganorum ; Out, out, I fchout, open that fnout that fnevellis, Tail-teller, rebellar, indwellar with the divellis, Spink, fink with ftink ad Tartara Termagorum. There are many fuch examples in more un- derflandable Englifh. A fong, founded on the peculiarity of the Newcaftle burr, appears in a provincial colle&ion, 1791 : — Rough rolled the roaring river's ftream And rapid ran the rain When Robin Rutter dreamt a dream Which racked his heart with pain, &c, &c. Even the learned Aldhelm indulges in fome curious fancies. In the preface to his poem, " De Laude Virginium," confifting of thirty- eight lines, the firft and laft lines contain the fame words, but in the laft they are retrograde. The 11 rNTROD. 12 Introd Introduction. The refpeclive lines begin with the fucceflive letters of the firft line, and finifh with thofe of the lafl line : thus, the firft and laft lines, and the collected initial and final letters of the lines confift of the fame words : but in the laft line they occur backwards, and the final letters must be read upwards. The Lh>ogrammatists were writers who ex- cluded fome particular letter of the alphabet from their compofitions, like fkilful chefs-play- ers, giving up a piece to an inferior antagon- ift. Says the " Spectator : * * " The firft I ftiall produce are the Lipogrammatifts, or letter droppers of antiquity, that would take an excep- tion, without any reafon, againft fome particular letter in the alphabet, fo as not to admit it once in a whole poem. One Tryphiodorus f was a great mafter in this kind of writing. He com- pofed an Odyffey, or Epic Poem, on the adven- tures of Ulyffes, confiding of four-and-twenty books, having entirely banifhed the letter a from his firft book, which was called Alpha (as lucus a non lucendo) becaufe there was not an Alpha in it. His fecond was called Beta, for the fame reafon.t In fhort, the poet excluded the whole four * No. 59. t The Greek poet and grammarian. \ Id eft, for difimilar reafon, the ,3 being utterly ex- cluded. Introduction. 13 four-and-twenty letters in their turns, and mowed them that he could do his bufinefs without them. It muft have been very pleafant to have feen this poet avoiding the reprobate letter, as much as another would a falfe quantity, and making his efcape from it, through the different Greek dialects, when he was prefented with it in any particular fyllable ; for the moft apt and elegant word in the whole language was re- jected, like a diamond with a flaw in it, if it appeared blemifhed with the wrong letter. And elfewhere in the " Spectator," * Tryphiod- orus, in the " Vifion of the Region of Falfe Wit," is, as a lively phantom, represented as being pur- fued through fpace by the Ihades of the four-and- twenty letters, who are powerlefs to overtake him. Difraeli, in his " Curiofities of Literature," mentions an ode of Pindar, from which the letter a is carefully excluded ; fo alfo, Peter de Riga, canon of Rheims, wrote a fummary of the Bible, and in each of its twenty-three fections omitted, fucceffively, fome particular letter. Gordianus Fulgentius fays that his work, " De ^Etatibus Mundi et Hominis " is a won- derful production, becaufe, from the chapter on Adam he has excluded the A, from that on Abel the B, and from that on Cain the C, etc., &c, through twenty-three chapters. Gregorio * No. 63. Introd. 14 Introd. Introduttion. Gregorio Leti prefented a difcourfe e'ntitled "The Exiled R," to the Academy of the Hu- morifts at Rome, wherefrom the letter R was ex- cluded, and a friend having requefted a copy thereof as a curiofity, he replied by a copious anfwer of feven pages written in the fame man- ner. An anecdote, given by Difraeli, after ftat- ing that the Orientals have this literary folly, may illuftrate the Lipogrammatifts. " A Per- fian poet read to the celebrated Jami a gazel of his own compofition, which Jami did not like : but the writer remarked that it was, not- withflanding, a curious fonnet, for the letter aliff was not to be found in any one of the words ! Jami farcaflically replied, " You can do a better thing yet, — take away all the letters from every word you have written." Du Chat, in his " Ducatiani," mentions five novels of Lopes de Vega, the firft of which omits the A, the fecond the E, the third the I, the fourth the O, and the fifth the U. The three poems — " Pugna Porcorum," " Canum cum Cattis Certamen," and " De Laude Calvorum " — which are prefented in the prefent volume, illuftrate a different phafe of this Cadmean madnefs* Lord North, a courtier of the times of James L, wrote fonnets, and * Pojl, p. — Introduction. and Earl Rivers, in the reign of Edward IV., tranflated the Moral Proverbs of Chriftina of Pifa, in a fimilar ftyle. The Pangrammatists (writers who contrive to crowd all the letters of the alphabet into each of their verfes,) claim the mod ancient and venerable authority for their craft. The Prophet Ezra, they fay, was the firft Pangrammatift, and inftance the following as their proof : — " And I, even I, Artaxerxes the king, do make a decree to all the treasurers which are beyond the river, that whatfoever Ezra the prieft, the fcribe of the law of the God of heaven, ihall require of you, it be done fpeedily." * The whole alphabet, with the E alone excepted, is contained in the following, written with eafe without E's. A jovial fwain may rack his brain, And tax his fancy's might, To quiz in vain, for 'tis moft plain, That what I fay is right. Each verfe of the following, alfo. is both lipo- grammatic and pangrammatic ; containing every letter of the alphabet, except E. THE FATE OF NASSAN. Bold Naffan quits his caravan, A hazy mountain grot to fcan ; Climbs jaggy rocks to fpy his way, Doth tax his fight, but far doth ftray. Not * Ezra vii. 21. 15 Introd. i6 Introd Introduction. Not work of man, nor fport of child, Finds Naffan in that mazy wild ; Lax grow his joints, limbs toil in vain — Poor wight ! why didft thou quit that plain ? Vainly for fuccor Naffan calls, Know, Zillah, that thy Naffan falls ; But prowling wolf and fox may joy, To quarry on thy Arab boy. Lord Holland, in 1824, on reading the five Spanifh novels of De Vega, before alluded to, wrote the following, in which all the vowels, except E, are omitted. eve's legend. Men were never perfect ; yet thee three brethren Veres were ever efteemed, refpected, revered, even when the reft, whether the felect few, whether the mere herd, were left neglected. The eldeft's veffels feek the deep, ftem the element, get pence ; the keen Peter when free, wedded Hefter Green, — the flender, ftern, fevere, erect Hefter Green. The next, clever Ned, lefs dependent, wedded fweet Ellen Heber. Stephen, ere he met the gentle Eve, never felt tendernefs : he kept kennels, bred fteeds refted where the deer fed, went where green trees, where frefh breezes greeted fleep. There he met the meek, the gentle Eve ; fhe tended her fheep, fhe ever neglected felf ; fhe never heeded pelf, yet fhe heeded the fhepherds j even lefs. Neverthelefs, her cheek reddened when fhe met Stephen ; yet decent referve, meek refpect, tempered her fpeech, even when fhe fhewed tendernefs. Stephen felt the fweet effect : he felt he erred when he fled the fex Introdnttion. fex, yet felt he defencelefs when Eve feemed tender. She, he reflects, never deferved neglecl: ; fhe never vented fpleen ; he efteems her gentlenefs, her endlefs deferts j he reverences her fteps; he greets her : — " Tell me whence thefe meek, thefe gentle fheep, — whence the yet meeker, the gentle fhepherdefs ? " " Well bred, we were eke better fed, ere we went where recklefs men feek fleeces. There we were fleeced. Need then rendered me fhepherdefs, need renders me femp- ftrefs. See me tend the fheep, fee me few the wretched fhreds. Eve's need preferves the fteers, preferves the fheep; Eve's needle mends her dreffes, hems her meets; Eve feeds the geefe; Eve preferves the cheefe." Her fpeech melted Stephen, yet he neverthelefs ef- teems, reveres her. He bent the knee where her feet preffed the green ; he bleffed, he begged, he preffed her. " Sweet, fweet Eve, let me wed thee ; be led where Hefter Green,, where Ellen Heber, where the bretheren Vere dwell. Free cheer greets thee there ; Ellen's glees fweeten the refrefhments ; there feverer Hefter's decent referve checks heedlefs jefts. Be led there, fweet Eve." " Never ! we well remember the Seer. We went where he dwells — we entered the cell — we begged the de- cree, — , " ' Where, whenever, when, t'were well Eve be wedded ? Eld Seer, tell ! ' "He rendered the decree; fee here the fentence de- creed ! " Then fhe prefented Stephen the Seer's decree. The verfes were thefe : — " ' Ere the green be red. Sweet Eve, be never wed; Ere be green the red cheek, Never wed thee, Eve meek? 2 The 17 Introd. i8 Introd. Introduction. The terms perplexed Stephen, yet he jeered them. He refented the fenfelefs credence, " Seers never err." Then he repented, knelt, wheedled, wept. Eve fees Stephen kneel, fhe relents, yet frets when fhe remembers the Seer's decreee. Her drefs redeems her. Thefe were the events : — Her well kempt treffes fell : ledges, reeds beckoned them. The reeds fell, the edges met her cheeks ; her cheeks bled. She preffes the green fedge where her cheek bleeds. Red then bedewed the green reed, the green reed then fpeckled her red cheek. The red cheek feems green, the green reed feems red. Thefe were the terms the Eld feer decreed Stephen Vere- HERE ENDETH THE LEGEND. There is in exiftence a curioufly complicated acroftic crofs by Rabanus, containing thirty-five lines, each of thirty-five letters, reading alike up and down, and in various diagonals. Ben Jonfon fpeaks of " A Pair of fciffors and a comb in verfe," and the " Spectator " ridicules the fantaftically lhaped poems, axes, eggs, altars, &c, of which a Greek poet, Theodoric, is faid to have been the inventor. Naih, in his invec- tive againft Gabriel Harvey, fays, "he has writ verfes in all kinds : in form of a pair of gloves, a pair of fpectacles, a pair of pothooks," &c* The * " We read of one much renowned in his day for the fabrication of thefe curious literary wares, yclept Ben- lowes, ftyled by his Cambridge contemporaries ' the ex- cellently Introduction. The Acrostic is a poetical compofition, wherein the firft letters of each line fpell, in their order, a word that is to be fought in the whole. The late Edgar A. Poe compofed a curious one, to be found in his publifhed works, com- pofed of as many lines as there are letters in the name of the lady it addreffes ; the firft let- ter of the firft line being the firft letter of her name, the fecond letter of the fecond line the fecond cellently learned.' Of this eccentric knight of the quill, Butler has fome rather cauftic criticifms. He fays : — " ' There is no feat of activity, nor gambols of wit that ever was performed by man, from him that vaults on Pegafus, to him that tumbles through the hoop of an anagram, but Benlowes has got the maftery of it, whether it be high-rope wit or low-rope wit. He has all forts of echoes, rebuffes, chronograms, &c. As for altars and pyramids in poetry, he has outdone all men that way ; for he has made a gridiron and a frying-pan in verfe, that, befides the likenefs in fhape, the very tone and found of the words did perfectly reprefent the noife made by thefe utenfils ! When he was a captain he made all the furniture of his horfe, from the bit to the crupper, the beaten poetry, every verfe being fitted to the propor- tion of the thing, with a moral allufion to the fenfe of the thing : as the bridle of moderation, they addle of content, and the crupper of confiancy ; fo that the fame thing was to the epigram and emblem, even as a mule is both horfe and afs.' " Specimens of this fpecies of emblematic poetry of the feventeenth century may be familiar to many ; yet we venture 19 Introd. 20 Introd Introduction. fecond letter of her name, the third of the third the third, and fo on, through the chapter.* The venture to fubjoin a modern imitation in our own ver- nacular, which, we prefume, will pleafe not only the gen- eral reader, but all patrons of pure water : — THE WINE-GLASS. Who hath woe ? Who hath forrow ? Who hath contentions ? Who hath wounds without caufe ? Who hath rednefs of eyes ? They that tarry long at the wine ! They that go to feek mixed wine ! Look not thou upon the wine when it is red when it giveth its colour in the cup; when it moveth itfelf aright. At the kn- it biteth like a ferpent, and ftingeth like an adder.' " Saunder's, " Salad for the Solitary." New York: Lam- port, Blakeman 6° Co., 1853. * See the two pamphlets, "Double Acroftics " and " Sunday Acroftics." London, Frederic Warne & Co. The feven mufical figns, — ut, re, mi,fa,fo, la, fa, — in- vented Intro duttion. The following is an ingenious fpecimen of the Acroftic and Teleftic combined : — Unite and untie are the fame — fo fay — U Not in wedlock I ween, has the unity beeN In the drama of marriage, each wandering gouT To a new face would fly, all except you and I Each feeking to alter the /pell in their fcenE. The & tfve faireft 4»w, O o P* Thefe charms to win, with all my empire I would gladly part. vented by the Benedi6line friar Guido Aretina, are the firft fyllables of the firft ftanza of a Latin hymn to S. John Baptift. Ut queant laxis i?*fonare fibris, Mina geftorum -Famuli tuorum. Solve polluti Lobii reatum v9rtn<5li Ioliannes. 21 Introd. 22 Introd. Introduction. The next is at once an Acrostic, a Mesostic, and a Telestic. Inter cuncta micans Igniti fidera ccel-I Expellit tenebras E toto Phoebus ut orbE ; Sic caecas removet JeSus caliginis umbraS, Vivicansque fimul Vero praecordia motV, Solem juftitiae Sefe probat effe beatiS- DE NOMINE JESU. In rebus tantis trina conjunctio mundl Erigit humanum fenfum, laudare venustS Sola falus nobis, et mundi fumma poteftaS Venit peccati nodum diflblvere fructV Summa falus cunclas nituit per fecula terraS- Among the emblems carved by the early Chriftians, and found to-day in the catacombs of Rome, the moft frequently occurring is a rude outline of a fifh. Extreme caution was neceffary to elude the vigilance of their Pagan perfecu- tors, even in the expreffion of their faith, and the Chriftians used this fymbol as an acroflic or monogram of the name of Chrifl. at once expreffed and difguifed by means of a logo- griph. Its probable ufe upon the walls of the catacombs, was to mark the refting place of a Chriftian to the initiated, without conveying any meaning to the enemy. Its explanation is as follows : — The Greek word fifh is "IXGTS" and the letters compofing it are the initials of the name " Jems Chrifl:, the NRI My God ! My God vers of my tears Thou, I come to Thee ; To hear me wretch, oh, Did never clofe, Let not, O God ! And numberlefs, bet And my poor foul be t I Lord ! remember I I CO me Than wh Be th en My crown his th Andth ou Quit my ac CO beg for me Thou Chri ft The liv in And but to All o th For by th y Oh hear k Left f in Lord! my G In d And at the do om To liv e eft th not, Lord, wit h at I by my S a his wound s oms my dea t my blef t unts, with h my h o forgi g fount, the li V f thee o er helps a r crofs my 1 en then, wh a and death fin k od ! my wav e eath defce n let m with the e. bow down thy bleffed ears let thine eyes, which fleep behold a finner weep. my God ! my faults, though great een thy mercy-feat rown, fince we are taught, ne, If thou beeft 1 fought any o the viour Ch my balm, his ft ri hbelo ft Redeemer, Sa old thy v pes on the e e, as well as pay th e, the wa y whither s e vain, giv e aving hea 1 t I with f me forev e s direct a d, that from theel n e be raife d Sweet Jef us r ment rift inherit : pes my blifs in his, viour, God 1 engeful rod ; are set, e debt. I know ; hould I go ? thine to me ; th muft be. aith implore, r more, nd keep, e'er flip ; then, say, Amen ! The above ingenious prayer is by an unknown author. The middle crofs reprefents Our Saviour's. On either fide are the croffes of the two thieves. In the middle crofs is infcribed the laft words of our Saviour, and on each of the others, the dying words of one of the . thieves. Without reference to the croffes, the letters in the diagram compofe a poem of as many lines as there are letters in the alphabet. The whole is very old. — Gleanings for the Curious. Introduction. the Son of God, the Saviour," in Greek, 'hjoovg Xplnrdg Qeov "Yibc Storr/p. Mdlle. Rachel was the recipient of the mod delicate compliment the acrostic has ever been employed to convey. A diadem fet with fix precious ftones was prefented to her, fo ar- ranged that the initial of the name of each ftone was alfo the initial of one of her principal roles, and in their order formed her name, thus : — R uby, R oxana, A methyst, A menaide, C ornelian, C amille, H ematite, H ermione, E merald, E milie, L apis Lazuli L aodice. In No. 60 of the " Spectator," Addifon fays of the Chronogram : " This kind of wit appears very often on modern medals, efpecially thofe of Germany, when they reprefent, in the infcrip- tion, the year in which they were coined. Thus, we fee on a medal of Guftavus Adolphus, the following words : — ChrIstVs DuX ergo trIVMphVs." If you take the pains to pick the figures out of the feveral words, and range them in their proper order, you will find they amount to MDCXVVVII, or 1627, the year in which the medal was ftamped ; for, as fome of the letters diftinguifh themfelves from the reft, and over- top •23 Introd. 24 Introd Introduction. top their fellows, they are to be confidered in a double capacity, both as letters and as figures. Your laborious German wits will turn over a whole dictionary for one of thefe ingenious de- vices. A man would think they were fearching after an apt claffical term ; but, inftead, they are looking out a word that has an M, an L, or a D in it. When, therefore, we meet with any of thefe infcriptions, we are not fo much to look in them for the thought, as for the year of the Lord." There is a work extant, " Chronographica Gratulatio in Feliciffimum adventum Sereniffimi Cardinalis Ferdinandi, Hifpaniarum Infantis, a Collegio Soc. Jefu." The book contains one hundred hexameters, each of which is a chrono- gram reducible to the date 1634, like the two following : — AngeLe CaeLIVogI MIChaeL LUX UnICa CaetUs. Verf ICULIs InCLUfa, fLUentln faeCULa CentUM. In the quaint volume by Howell, " The Ger- man Diet," after his account of the death of Charles, fon of Phillip II. of Spain, the author fays, — Should you defire the year, this chronogram will tell you of it. fILIVs ante DIeM patrIos InqVIrIt In annos. 1568. Queen Elizabeth's death is infcribed as fol- lows : — Mv Introduction. My Day Is Clofed In Immortality. 1603. Here follows a chronogram on Martin Lu- ther, containing the date of his death, 1546 : — ECCE nVnc MorltVs IVftVs In paCe ChrlftI exItV et beato. On the title-page of " Hugo Grotius his Sophompaneas," edited 1652, that date is com- pofed in the name of the editor, — FranCIs GoLDfMIth. On the election of Pope Leo X. in 1440, the following pafquinade appeared : — Multi Cceci Cardinales Creaverunt Coecum Decimum Leonem. If we take the word decimum to be expref- live of X, we mail have the chronogram : — "MCCCCXL" or 1440. Anagrams are curious, and often exceed- ingly clever, examples of formal literary trifling. Camden, their high prieft and expounder, in his " Remains," has bequeathed to the world a treatife on Anagrams, which, in his day, were endowed with a mofl undue and fuperftitious importance, being regarded as nothing elfe than the occult and myfterious finger of fate, revealed in the names of men. " The only quintefTence " fays this learned writer, " that hitherto the alchemy of wit could draw out of names, is anagrammatifme, or meta- grammatifme. 25 Introd. 26 Introd. Introduction. grammatifme, which is the diffolution of a name, truly written, into the letters as its ele- ments, and a new connection of it by artificial tranfpofition, without addition, fubtraclion, or change of any letter, into different words, mak- ing fome perfect fenfe applicable to the perfon named." The precife in this practice, adhere ftrictly to the rules here laid down, with the ex- ception only, of omitting or retaining the letter H, according to their convenience, alleging that the H cannot challenge the right of a letter. But the licentiates, on the other hand, think it no in- jury fometimes, to ufe E for JE \ V for W ; S for Z ; C for K, and con trari wife. The fame author calls the difficilis que pukhra, the charming difficulty of making an anagram, " a whetftone of patience to them that mail practife it \ for fome have been feen to bite their pen, fcratch their head, bend their brows, bite their lips, beat the board, tear their paper, when the names were fair for fomewhat, and caught nothing therein, — yet, notwithstanding the four fort of critics, good anagrams yield a de- lightful comfort and pleafant motion to honeft minds." We remember a ftory told in the " Spectator," of a lover of Mifs Mary Boon, who, contriving, after fix months ftudy, to ana- grammatize her as Moll Boon, upon being indig- nantly Introduction. nantly informed by the lady, that her name was Mary Bohun, went mad. The anagram is of great antiquity.* Cam- den, indeed, places its origin as far back as the time of Mofes, and conjectures that it might have had fome fhare in the myftical traditions, afterward called "Cabala," communicated by that divine lawgiver to the chofen feventy. Another writer on this fubject obferves, that the Cabalifts among the Jews, were profeffed anagrammatifts ; the third part of their art, which they called themuru, that is, " changing,'" being nothing more or lefs than the art of form- ing anagrams, i. e. of rinding the (as they al- leged) hidden and myftical meaning in names ; which they did by tranfpofing and fantaftically combining the letters of thofe names. Thus of the letters of Noah's name in Hebrew, they made Grace, and of the Meffiah's, He Jhall re- joice. But whether the above origin be theoretical or certain, the anagram may be diftinctly traced to the age of Lycophron, a Greek writer who flourimed * Many of Shakefpeare's names feem to fuggeft ana- grams. Thus Caliban, is evident metathefis for canibal or cannibal ; Charmian for chairman ; Falftafif, for fall fajl ( " alacrity in falling " — as he puts it himfelf) ; Launce for uncle, &c, &c. — Ed. 2^ Introd. 28 Introd. Introduction. flourifhed about 300 b. c. In his poem of " Caffandra," the theme of which, like that of the generality of the poems of that period, was the Trojan War, he has recorded two of his anagrams. One is in the name of Ptolemy Philadelphus, in whofe reign he lived : — IITOAEMAI2. "Atto y.EktGTog y made of honey. The other is on Ptolemy's wife, Arfinoe : — 'AP2TN0H. 'Epao tov, Juno's violet Euftachius fays this practice of anagramma- tifm was common among the Greeks of his pe- riod. He cites many examples like the follow- ing : — "Apery (virtue), 'Epar^ (lovely), &c, &c. Among the moderns, the French have moft cultivated the Anagram. Says Camden, " They exceedingly admire the Anagram, for the deep and far-fetched antiquity and myftical meaning thereof. In the reign of Francis the Firft (when learning began to revive), they began to diftil their wits therein ; " and among their efforts was the following, on the name of that monarch : — Francois de Valois — De facon fuis royal. Le Laboureur, the hiftorian of Charles VI., and author Introduction. author of the " Genealogies of Noble Families," gives an anagram on the Miftrefs of Charles IX., which he calls " hiftorically juft." Her name was Marie Touchet, of which the ana- gram was Je charme tout. One equally happy was made on the name of the affaffin of Henry III. of France : — Frere Jacques Clement. C'eft l'enfer qui m'a cree. When M. de Boucherat was chancellor of France, his name, Louis de Boucherat, was found convertible into Eft la bouche du roi. The following Latin anagram is on the name of the unhappy Marie Stuart : — Maria Stevarda Scotorum Regina, Trufavi regnis morte amara cado. It is to a Frenchman, also, according to Cam- den, that the following remarkable tranfpofition of the letters of our Saviour's name is to be afcribed : — "Itjoovs — Zvvoig , Thou art thatjheep. Allufion being made to the paffage in Ifaiah, chap. liii. 7, where it is prophetically faid, — " He is brought as a lamb to the flaughter, and as a Iheep before her fhearers is dumb, fo he opened not his mouth." There is another very extraordinary anagram in reference to our Saviour; and referring to the identical 29 Introd. 30 Introduction. Introd. identical period in his life, to which the paffage in Ifaiah pointed. Pilate's queftion, " Quid eft Veritas ? " forms the admirable anagram, Eft vir qui adeft, " It is the man before you /" Calvin, in the title-page of his " Inftitutes," printed at Strafbourg in 1539, calls himfelf Al- euinas, which is the anagram of Calvinus, and the name of a perfon of eminent learning in the time of Charlemagne, who contributed greatly to the Reftoration in that age. Calvin, who cher- ifhed a ftrong animofity toward Rabelais, con- verted his name, Rabelcefeus, into rabie Icefius ; while the wit, in revenge, found jan cul in Cal- vin. The Italians feem to have been partial to the Anagram. Says Camden, " The Bilhop of Graffa, a profeffor therein, fo teftifieth, but I know not a fingle inftance of their (kill." " In England," he adds, " I know fome, who forty years fince, have beftowed fome idle hours therein with good fuccefs ; albeit our Englilh names, running rough with cragged confonants, are not fo smooth and eafy for tranfpofition, as the French and Italian." Accordingly, he furnifhes but a fingle in- ftance, viz. : — Charles James Stuart — Claims Arthur's feat. " And this," fays the author gravely, " fhows his Introduction. his undoubted rightful claim to the monarchy of Britain, as fucceffor to the valorous King Arthur ! " This latter was the production of Dr. Walter Gwyn, who, as it appears from a note to one of Owen's epigrams, publifhed a collection of thefe jeux d'efprit. It further appears from Owen's note, that the anagram was written previous to the actual occurrence of the event it feemed to indicate. In that case, it is not only applicable to its original, as re- quired by Camden's definition, but prophetical as well. Camden fupplies a long lift of tranfpofitions, " of the names of divers great perfonages, in raoft of which the fenfe may feem applyable to thier good parts." Thefe three (the firft of which is by Camden himfelf) have Queen Elif- abeth for their theme : — Elifabetha Regina = Angliae hera beafti. Elifabetha Regina = Angliae eris beata. Elifabetha Regina Angliae = Anglis agna et Hiberiae lea. So Gray, in his " Bard," fays of Elifabeth : — Her lion port, her awe commanding face. Out of the words, " Elifabetha Regina Anglo- rum," the two following were made, both of which are remarkably appofite : — Magna bella tu heroina geris, Gloria regni falva manebit. Lord 31 Introd. 32 Introd. Introduction. Lord Chancellor Ellefmere's name, Thomas Egerton, was tranfpofed into Ge/iat Honorem ; to which Camden fubjoins the following coup let: — Oris honore viget et mentis ge/iat honorem Juris Egertonus, dignus honore colli. In a volume of Sir Julius Caefar's collections, ! in the Lanfdowne MSS. there is a collection of anagrams, on the names of the King, the ] Marquis of Buckingham, Hamilton, Lady; Compton, and Mr. Chriftopher Villiers, which j Sir Julius has very emphatically marked j "tram." Great liberty is taken with the names, and fome of them are very inappofite. The following are the beft two : — Jacobus Steuartus = Tu es ob jufta carus. George Earle Buckinghame = Oh ! grave able king, grace me. Sir Symonds d'Ewes, in his account of Carr, Earl of Somerfet, and his wife, notices an ana- gram, " not unworthy to be owned by the rar- eft wits of the age : " — Thomas Overbury : — O ! O ! bafe murthyr ! Kippis was very fevere on Sir Symonds for praifing fuch anagrams : but at that time, it muft be remembered, they were the ruling paf- fion Introduction. fion of the day, the amufement of the learned and wife, who ftrove — " To purchafe fame In keen iambics, and mild anagram. Sylvefter, the tranflator of Du Bartas, made this anagram : — James Stuart A Juft Mailer. One " Miftris Mary Fage," who flourifhed in the time of Charles I., was the moft prolific of Engliih anagrammatifts. She publifhed a whole book of anagrams and acroftics, under the title of " Fame's Rowle," in which the names of the king and queen, all the dukes, mar- quiffes, earls, vifcounts, birnops, barons, privy- counfellors, knights of the garter, and judges of the three kingdoms, to the number of four hundred and twenty, are anagrammatized, and each anagram illuftrated by an equally curious acroftic The one following may ferve as a fpecimen of her flyle : — To the Right Hon. John, Earl of Weymes. John Weymes. Anagramma. — Show men joy. In your great honor, free from all alloy, O truly noble Weymes, you fhew men joy ; Having your vertues in thier clearer fight, Nothing there is can breed them more delight. With 33 Introd. 34 Introd. Introduction. With joy your wifdome fo doth men content; Ever we pray it might be permanent ; Your virtuous life doth breed fo great delight, Men wifh you endlefs joy, you to requite. Eternall joy may unto you fucceed, Showing men joy who do your comfort breed. An anagram on Monk, afterwards Duke of Albemarle, on the reftoration of Charles II., I forms alfo a chronogram, including the date of; the, event it records : — Georgius Monke, Dux de Aumarle — Ego Regem reduxi, Anno Sa MDCLVV. This defcription of wit, together with the; forming of " rebuffes " and " illufions," was in ] higheft repute during the reigns of Elizabeth,' James, and Charles I., doubtlefs borrowed from | the Italians or the French, who were always i proficients in the manufacture of thefe quaint j conceits. Thomas Billon, a Provencal, was fo confpicuous for his* -talents in this line, that he j was retained by Louis XIII. with a penfion of | twelve hundred livres, as Anagrammatift to the king ; and in the reign of Louis XIV., one Daurat had acquired fo much celebrity, that the molt illuftrious perfons of the court gave him their names to anagrammatize. Many of the epigrams of Owen, the cele- brated Welfh epigrammatift, whofe performances are Introduction. are deemed fecond only to thofe of Martial, partake of the character of the anagram. Anagramma. — Galenus — Angelus. Angelas es bonus anne malus ; Galene ! falutis Humanae cuflos, angelus ergo bonus. — Lib. 2, ep. 49 De Fide. — Anagramma Quincuplex. Recla fides, certa eft, arcet mala fchifmata, non eft, Sicut Crete, fides fictilis, arte caret. — lb. ep. 13. Brevitas. — Anagramma Triplex. Perfpicua brevitate nihil magis afficit aures ; In verbis, tibi res poftulat, efto brevis. — Lib. 3, ep. 31. In •'• A New Help to Difcourfe," i2mo, Lon- don, 1684, we have an Englilh anagram, with a very quaint epigrammatic expofition : — Toast — A Sott. A toaft is like a fot ; or what is moft Comparative, a fot is like a toaft ; For when their fubftances in liquor fink, Both properly are faid to be in drink. It is, however, on proper names that ana- grams have chiefly been made ; for their merit lies in the characteriftic fuppofed to be expreffecL A flight reverfing of the letters in a name may pay its owner a compliment ; as in Vernon was found Renoun ; in Sir Thomas Wiat, a wit. Of the poet Waller, the anagrammatiffc faid : His brows need not with laurel to be bound, Since in his name with laurel he is crowned. Randle Holmes, the author of " A Treatife on 35 Introd. Introd. on Heraldry," was complimented by an expre'f- five anagram : — Randle Holmes — Lo ! Men's Herald. The word Loraine forms Alerion, on which account that family took alerions for their coat of arms. " Anagrams," fays DTfraeli, " were often de- voted to the perfonal attachments of love or friendfhip, — a friend delighted to twine his name with that of his friend." Craihawe,, the poet, had a literary intimate of the name of Car, who was his poflhumous editor ; and in prefixing fome elegiac lines, difcovers that his beft friend Craftiawe was Car ; for fo the ana- gram of CraJJiawe runs — He was Car! On this quaint difcovery, he indulged in all the tendernefs of his recollections : — " ' Was Car then Craihawe, or was Craihawe Car ? Since both within one name combined are. Yes Car's Craihawe, he's Car ; 'tis love alone Which melts two hearts, of both compofmg one/ " &c. Lady Eleanor Davies, wife of the poet Sir John Davies, was the Caffandra of her day ; and as her prophecies, in the troubled times of Charles II., were ufually againft the govern- ment, fhe was at one time brought into the High Court of CommhTion. She was not a lit- tle mad, and fancied the fpirit of Daniel was in Introduction. in her, from an anagram me had formed of her name : — . Eleanor Davies — Reveal, O Daniel ! This anagram had too much by an 1, and too little by an s, but fuch trifles as thefe were no check to her afpirations. The court at- tempted to expel the fpirit from the lady ; and the bifhops argued the point with her out of Holy Writ ; but to no purpofe. She returned text for text, until one of the deans of the arches, says Heylin, "mot her through and through with an arrow borrowed from her own quiver." Taking up a pen, he wrote : — Dame Eleanor Davies — Never fo mad a ladie ! This happy fancy fet the folemn court to laughing, and drove Caffandra to the utmoft dejection of fpirits. Foiled by her own weapon ; her energy forfook her ; and, either (he never afterward ventured to enrol herfelf among the order, or the anagram difarmed her utterances, — for we hear no more of her among the proph- ets. If we take from the words La Revolutio?i Francaife, the word Veto, known as the firft prerogative of Louis XIV., the remaining let- ters will form the words, " U?i Corfe la Jinim" A Corfican JJiall end it — which was regarded as an extraordinary coincidence, if nothing more. Numberlefs 37 Introd. 38 Introd. Introduction. Numberlefs anagrams were made upon the name of Napoleon, by fuperftitious perfons, and every variety of prophecy deduced therefrom : e.g.: — Napoleon Bonaparte = i No > a PP ear not at Elba> I Bona rapta, leno, pone. " Lucius Napoleon Bonaparte, Imperator," tranfpofed, becomes, " O ! fubaltero Nerone anna capiunt populi." " Louis Napoleon Bo- naparte " becomes, " Aroufe, Albion, an open plot." Whole books of latter-day prophecies have been founded on the fimilarity of the names of Napoleon, and Apollyon, or Apolleon, the dark angel ; and one French Republican, by writing and analyzing, has produced the fol- lowing : — Napoleon. Apoleon. Poleon. Oleon. Leon. Eon. On. Which, being arranged in the form of a fentence, gives, " Napoleon o?i o leon leon eon apoleon po- leon " — which is the Greek for " Napoleon, being the lion of the people, %vas marching on,deftroying the cities ! " And hundreds of curious calcula- tions Introduction. tions in numbtrs, have been drawn from the fame all-potent name* The * " A French lawyer reflding at the town of Mende, while fearching in the library of La Ferte Saint Aubin, difcovered an old book, entitled Quejiions cTAvenir, by Galaos, a monk of the Abbey of Saint Benoit-fur- Loire. From this book are taken the following figures, which conftitute a numerical prediction : — I2-I5-22-0/I9— I4*i-i6 , i5 , i2'5-i5'i4 — 2-2i-i5-i4-i , i6-i , i8 2o-5-i8-5- i6-i8-5*i9'5'i4-2o-i- 14-20- 4-21— i6-5-2i-i6-i2-5— 4-5— 4-9-23— 4*5'i6- 1 ■ 18-20-5- 13-5- 14-20-19 — 19-5-18-1 — i6-i8-5'i9-9-4-5- 14*20 — 4-5— 18-5- i6-2i-2-i2-9-i 7-21-5 — 6-i8* 1-14-3- 1 9- 19-5 — 9'i4-4-9-22-9-i9-9-2-i2-5 — 16T18 — 12-5 — 19-21-6-6 *i8- 1-7-5 — 2i , i4 , 9 , 22-5-i8 , i9 , 5'i2 — 22-5-18-19— 12-5— 4-9-23— I4-5-2I-22-9-5-I3-5— I9-9-53I2-5. By taking each of the preceding figures as a letter, 1 | as a, 2 as b, 12 as /, and fo on ; we find the following fen- tence, — Louis Napoleon Buonaparte, reprefentant du peu- \ pie de dix departements, f era prefident de Reptiblique Fran- i caife, indivifible, democratique , par le fuffrage univerfel, ' vers le dix neuvieme fiecle, which, tranflated into Englifh, ! is, — ' Louis Napoleon Buonaparte, reprefentative of the i people from ten departments, will be Prefident of the French Republic, indivifible, democratic, by univerfal fuffrage, about the nineteenth century.' The addition of all the figures reprefenting letters of every word gives the following numbers : — Louis .... 77 du .... 25 Napoleon . . . .92 peuple . . . .75 Buonaparte . . . 113 de 9 reprefentant . . .155 dix 36 Carried forward, 582 39 Introd. 40 Introd. Introduction. The great rival with Napoleon in the military glories Brought forward . 582 le . . . . 17 departements 140 fuffrage . 73 fera .... •• 43 univerfel • . 128 prefident no vers ... 64 de . • . 9 le . ■ 17 Republique . 126 dix . . 36 Franf aise . . 76 neuvieme . • 94 indivifible 114 fiecle 53 democratique . • 131 par .... 35 1848 As will be feen, the total of thefe figures makes ex- actly 1848, the year of his election. The following curious effect of the combination of figures 'has been fent to us by a friend in Paris, who ftates that it has been extenfively circulated in that capi- tal. We have not yet feen it in print here. The votes upon the Prefidency of Louis Napoleon were, — In favor. In oppofition. 7Jffl36l/rfMH m Place the above in front of a mirror, fo that the reflec- tion of it may be vifible. This reflection will read, " III Empereur" — Third Emperor. Louis Napoleon affects hereditary fuperftition, and it is ftated that this lingular coincidence confirmed him in the belief which he has always entertained of the exalted deftiny for which Prov- idence referved him. " — Harper's Magazine, 185?. In a very curious book, Louis Napoleon, the deftined Monarch Introduction. glories of the age furnifties a no lefs appropri- ate anagram : — Arthur Wellefley, Duke of Wellington. Let well foil'd Gaul fecure thy renown. A good one on Nelfon is — Horatio Nelfon — Honor eft a Nilo. So, too, — Henry John Templeton, Vifcount Palmerfton, Only the Tiverton, M. P., can help in our mefs. Perhaps no one name ever was more fucceff- fully anagrammatized than that of Luther. Doctor Monarch of the World (New York : D. Appleton & Co., no date), pp. 34-38; there is much learned calculation to fhow that Napoleon and.Apollyon are one and the fame name, and that the myftical number 666, (which the author afferts to be the number alluded to in the Apoca- lypfe, where it fays the number of the wild beaft is the number of a man,) is found in the name as now fpelled. He alfo difcovers an allufion to the name Napoleon, in Jeremiah iv. 7, where the defolation of Paleftine by the laft great Antichrift is defcribed, " The lion is come up from his thicket, and the deftroyer of the Gentiles is on his way : he is gone forth from his place to make thy land defolate." Now in Greek, fays the author, vdnog is a thicket, and leov a lion ; and the two words com- bined exactly make the name Napoleon, NairoXeov. The book abounds in bootlefs erudition of the fame fort, which, in view of late events in Europe, may be curious enough to repay a perufal. 41 Introd. 4 2 Intkod. Introduction. Doclor Martinus Lutherus gives, when trans- pofed, — ' O, Rom, Ltither iji derfckwan. D. Martinus Lutherus = Ut turris das lumen. Vir multa Jlruens. Ter matris viduus. Martinus Lutherus, and Martin Luther: poverty. Lehrt in Armuth — He teaches in The following, if we allow P. C. to ftand for Princefs Charlotte^ is excellent : — Princefs Charlotte Augufta of Wales- P. C. Her auguft race is loft, O fatal news. When, at the General Peace of 1^14, Pruffia abforbed a portion of Saxony, the king iffued a new coinage of Rix Dollars, with their German name, Ein Reichjlahler^ impreffed on them. The Saxons, by dividing the word — Ein Reich flahl er, made a fentence, of which the meaning is, " He ftole a kingdom." Likewife the French difcovered that La Sainte Alliance., is nothing more than La Sainte Canaille. The following are very appofite : — Aftronomer: No more ftars. Moon Starers. Impatient = Time in a pet. Immediately = I met my Delia. Elegant Introduction. 43 I NTROD. Elegant = Neat leg. Parifhioners = I hire parfons. Parliament = Partial men. Penitentiary = Nay, I repent it. Puniihment = Nine thumps. Midfhipman =Mind his map. Matrimony = Into my arm. Sweetheart = There we fat. James Stephens, Fenian Head Centre = Hence, defperate man. He ifn't fafe in. Stone* — Notes. Gallantries = All great fin. Mifanthrope = Spare him not. Telegraph = Great help. Melodrama = Made moral. Monarch = March on. Catalogue = Got as a clue. Radical Reform = Rare mad frolic. Charades = Hard cafe. Revolution = To love Ruin. Lawyers = Sly ware. Funeral = Real fun. If you tranfpofe what ladies wear — Veil. 'Twill plainly mow what bad folks are — Vile. Again if you tranfpofe the fame, You'll fee an ancient Hebrew name — Levi. Change it again, and it will fhow What all on earth defire to do — Live- Tranfpofe the letters yet once more, What bad men do you'll then explore — Evil. When I cry that I fin is tranfpofed, it is clear My refource, Christianity, foon will appear. Cotton * So, though we cannot always expect to find fermons n ftones, we ! may confidently look for the notes. 44 Introd. Introduction. Cotton Mather was once apoftrophized for his " Care to guide his flock and feed his lambs By words, works, prayers, pfalms, alms, and Ana- grams." In Taylor's " Suddaine Turne of Fortune's Wheele," occurs the following: — But holie father, I am certifyed That they your power and policye deride; And how of you they make an anagram, The beft and bittereft that wits could frame. Pierre de St. Louis became a Carmelite monk, on difcoyering that his name yielded a direction to that effect : — Ludovicus Bartelemi. Carmelo fe devolvet. And, in the feventeenth century, Andre Pujom, finding that his name fpelled Pendu a Riom, fulfilled his deftiny by cutting fomebody's throat in Auvergne, and was actually hung at Riom, the feat of juftice of that province. Rhopalic Verses (from po-n-aXbv, the club of Hercules) begin with a monofyllable, and grad- ually increafe, as, — Rem tibi confeci, doctiffime, dulcifonoram. Spes Deus asternae ftationis conciliator. And again, — Ex quibus infignis pulcherrima Deiopeia. — Virgil. y Q, fiuKap 'ATpeidr] (j.0Lp7]yeveg, d2,Lj3c66ac/nov. — Iliad, y. 182. The Introduction. The next is the reverfe : — Vecligalibus armamenta referre jubet Rex. Another ingenious verfe is the Palindrome, from -koXiv and Spo/xeco, to flow or run back ; fometimes called Sotadic verfe, from Sotades, their inventor, though a higher (or a lower) au- thority is fometimes given \ the firft palindrome having been, according to one account, the im- promptu of an unfortunate demon, while carry- ing moft unwillingly a portly canon of Combre- mer from Bayeux to Rome ; it reads the fame either backwards or forwards, which is the ef- fential of a palindrome : — . Signa te, figna, temere me tangis et angis.. Roma tibi fubito motibus ibit amor. Another legend refers this palindrome to Satan himfelf, while carrying St. Martin on his moulders. Its tranflation is, " Crofs yourfelf, crofs yourfelf; you annoy and threaten me un- neceffarily ■ for, owing to my exertions, you will foon reach Rome, your object." Other examples are : — Si bene te tua laus taxat, fua laute tenebis, Sole medere pede, ede, perede melos. Again : — Et necat eger amor non Roma rege tacente, Roma reges una noft anus eger amor. In 45 Introd. 4° Introduction. Introd.! In which the word non ferves as a pivot. Each word in the line — Odo tenet mulum, mappam madidam tenet Anna, is a perfecl palindrome. The line — Sator arepo tenet opera rotas, — befides being a palindrome, can be arranged in a fquare, when it will be perceived that the firft letters of each of its words fpell its firft word Sator ; the fecond, from the fecond of each, its fecond word Arepo, and fo on ; thus : — SATOR AREPO TENET O P-E R A ROTAS The fame properties exift in the Latin words Time, Item, Meti, and Emit ; thus : — TIME ITEM METI EMIT The following epitaph, at the entrance of the I Church of San Salvador, in the city of Oviedo, j in Spain, erected by Prince Silo, may be read I two hundred and feventy different ways, by be- \ ginning with the S in the centre. Silo Introduction. 47 Silo Princeps Fecit. Introd. j TICEFSPECNCEPSFECIT ICEFSPECNINCEPSFECI CEFSPECNIRINCEPCFEC EFSPECNIRPRINCEPSFE FSPECNIRPOPRINCEPSF SPECNIRPOLOPRINCEPS PECNIRPOLILOPRINCEP ECNIRPOLISILOPRINCE ! PECNIRPOLILOPRINCEP 1 SPECNIRPOLOPRINCEPS FSPECNIRPOPRINCEPSF EFSPECNIRPRINCEPSFE CEFSPECNIRINCEPSFEC ICEFSPECNINCEPSFECI TICEFSPECNCEPSFECIT On the tomb are infcribed thefe letters : — H. S. E. S. S. T. T. L. The letters employed in this fquare being the initials of the words, — Hie fitus eft Silo, lit tibi terra levis. Here lies Silo, may the earth lie light on him. The lawyer's motto, — .JSl NUMMIS IMMUNIS — Give me my fee, and I warrant you free, Is a palindrome. In the time of Queen Elizabeth, a noble lady, who had been forbidden to appear at court in confequence 4 8 Introd. Introduction. confequence of fome fufpicions againft her, took for the device on her feal, the Moon partly ob- fcured by a cloud, with the palindromic motto, — Ablata at alba, Secluded, but pure. Taylor, the water poet, writes : — Lewd did I live, and evil did I dwel . Another Engifh palindrome is : — Snug & raw was I, ere I faw war & guns. And one is put into the mouth of Napoleon the Great : — Able was I ere I faw Elba. There is an enigma, in which the initials of five palindromic words are to be fought, to form the required anfwer • e. g. : — Firft find out a word that doth filence proclaim, And that backwards and forwards is always the fame ; Then next you muft find out a feminine name, That backwards and forwards is always the fame ; An a£t, or a writing on parchment, whofe name, Both backwards and forwards is always the fame ; A fruit that is rare, whofe botanical name, Read backwards and forwards is always the fame ; A note ufed in mufic which time doth proclaim, And backwards and forwards is always the fame ; Theis. initials connected, a title will frame (That is juftly the due of the fair married dame,) Which backwards and forwards is always the fame. There Introduction. There is a well-known Greek infcription on the font at Sandbock, in Chefhire, England, as well as in the Church of St. Sophia, at Con- ftantinople : — Niov avofirifiaTa (it) (ibvav otbcv. That is, freely, " Purify the mind as well as the body." The following verfes are reverfible in fenfe, as well as in words, by being read backwards : Profpicimus modo, quod durabunt tempore longo, . Foedera, nee patriae pax cito diffugiet. Diffugiet cito pax patriae, nee fcedera longo, Tempore durabunt quod modo profpicimus. Patrum dicta probo, nee facris belligerabo.* The following are promifcuous examples : — Retro mente labo, non metro continuabo. Continuibo metro ; non labo mente retro. Sacrum pingue dabo, non macrum facrificabo. Sacrificabo macrum non dabo pingue facrum. It is obfervable that the laft above hexameter, from Santa Marca Novella, Florence, refers, in the firft inftance, to the facrifice of Abel (Gene- fis iv. 4) ; reverfed, as in the fecond line, the reference is to the facrifice of Cain (Gen. iv. 3)- Area * Expreffing the fentiments of a Romanift or a Hu- guenot, as it is read forwards or backwards. I 4 49 Introd. 50 Introd. Intro duttion. Area ferenum me gere regem, munere facra, Solem, areas, animos, omnia facra, melos. Epitaph on Henry IV., by Pafcha/cus. The two following are palindromes : — Madam I'm Adam, Name no one man. And Addifon tells of a palindrome, called " The Witches' Prayer," which " fell into verfe, when read either backwards or forwards, ex- cepting only that it bleffed one way and curfed the other." In 1802 was printed at Vienna a fmall vol- ume of palindromes, written in ancient Greek, by Ambrofius, a modern Greek. The volume, which was called " Ho^/xa x a PX tvt X° r >" con " tains four hundred and fifty-fix lines, ever}' one of which is palindromic. Here follows a few of them : — 'loa iraoi Irj re yrj, 2u 6 Movcrjye-ijg iq airaow Neav uao) f^eTiKpuvov, d bike, Muoav, aev. 'Q XanuviKE, ae (/.ovu to No/ze, ae kivo kcum. 'Apera ■arjyaae oe oa yq narepa'. 2oTT]p av ecu, o) e/lee #ee leu og evg prjrcjg. Palindromic verfe, which exactly reverfes its meaning upon being read backwards, is fome- times called Sidonian verfe, fuch having been firft conftructed by Sidonius. The .example given below was written in praife Introduction. praife of Pope Clement VI. (fome fay Pius II). The poet, fearing, however, that he might not receive as great a reward as, in his own ef- timation, he deferved, retained the power of converting his flattery into abufe, by fimply giv- ing his friends the cue, to commence at the laft word, and read backwards : — Pauperibus tua das gratis, nee munera curas Curia Papalis, quod modo percipimus. Laus tua, non tua fraus, virtus non copia rerum, Scandere te faciunt, hoc decus eximium. Conditio tua fit ftabilis, nee tempore parvo Vivere te faciat hie Deus omnipotens. Of the fame kind, are thefe three diftiches by Du Bellay, a French poet : — AD JULIUM III. PONTIFICEM MAXIMUM. Pontifici fua fint Divino Numine tuta Culmina, nee montes hos petat Omnipotens. AD CAROLUM V. CESAREM. Caefareum tibi fit felici fidere nomen, Carole, nee fatum fit tibi Caesareum. AD FERDINANDUM ROMANORUM REGEM. Romulidum bone Rex, magno fis Caesare major, Nomine, nee fatis, aut minor imperio. A complete fpecimen appears in the line ap- plicable either to Cain or Abel, being also hex- ameter in the one cafe, and pentameter in the other ; juft given, in treating of palindromes. The 51 Introd. 52 Introd Introduction. The line, — Patrum di6ta probo, nee facris belligerabo — Is a Sidonian, as well as feveral others before given, among the palindromes. Dean Swift ufed to write to Dr. Sheridan in words unintelligible as they flood, but capable of being turned into tolerable Englifh by being read backwards. Thus : — Mi fana. Odiofo ni mus rem. Moto ima os illud dama nam ! (I'm an afs. O, fo I do in fummer. O, Tom, I am fo dull, I a mad man!) * Equivocal Verse is another learned and in- genious amufement, and will explain itfelf in the following examples. "The Double-faced Creed," the firft of thefe, is to be read either acrofs both columns, or taking each column feparately : — Pro fide teneo fana Affirmat quae Romana Supremus quando Rex eft Erraticus turn Gex eft Quae docet Anglicana Videntur mihi vana, Tunc plebs etft fortunata, Cum caput fiat Papa, Communio fit inanis Cum menfa vino panis Hunc morem qui non capit, Catholicus eft, et fapit. t Which * See poft p. 57. t Weekly Paquet of Advice from Rome, May 6, 1679, No 23. Altare cum ornatur Populus turn beatur Afini nomen meruit Miffam qui deferuit Introduction. Which may be tranflated as follows : — What England's Church allows My confcience difavows The flock can take no fhame Who hold the Pope fupreme The worfhip's fcarce divine I hold for found faith What Rome's faith faith Where the king's head The flock 's mifled Where th' altar's drefled The people 's bleffed He 's but an afs Who fhuns the Mafs Whose table's bread and wine Who their communion flies Is catholic and wife. The following lines were written in anfwer to the queftion, " What the author thought of the new Conftitution ? " at the commencement of the French Revolution. The writer evidently did not intend to be guillotined for his parti- fan enthufiafm : — A la nouvelle loi Je renonce dans l'ame Comme epreuve de ma foi Je crois celle qu'on blame Dieu vous donne la paix Nobleffe defolee Qu'il confonde a jamais Meffieurs de l'Aflemblee Je veux etre fidele Au regime ancien Je crois la loi nouvelle, Oppofee a tout bien : Meffieurs les Democrats, Au diable allez vous en : Tous les Ariftocrats Ont eux feuls le bon fens. Of which the tranflation, preferving the Equiv- oque, is : — The newly made law From my foul I abhor My faith to prove good I maintain the old Code May God give you peace Tis my wifli to efteem The ancient regime I maintain the new Code Is oppofed to all good Meffieurs Democrats Forfaken 53 Introd. Introd. Forfaken Nobleffe May He ever confound The Affembly all round To the devil go hence All the Ariftocrats Are the fole men of fenfe. Here is an Englifh one : — THE HOUSES OF S^ I love with all my heart The Hanoverian part And for that fettle ment My confcience gives confent Moil righteous is the caufe To fight for George's laws It is my mind and heart Tho' none will take my part UART AND HANOVER. The Tory party here Moft hateful do appear ; I ever have deny'd To be on James's fide, To fight for fuch a king Will England's ruin bring. In this opinion, I Refolve to live and die. The following was written during the Ameri- can Revolution : — Hark! hark I the trumpet founds the din of war's alarms, O'erfeas and f olid grounds , doth fummon us to arms; Who for King George do fland, their honors foon will fhine, Their ruin is at hand, who with the Congrefs join. The acts of Parliament, in them I much delight; I hate their curfed intent, who for the Congrefs fight; The Tories of the day, they are my daily toaft, They foon ivillfneak away, who independence boaft, Who non-refflance hold, they have my hand and heart ; May they for flaves be fold, who a6l a whiggifh part. On Manffield, North, and Bute, may daily bleffings pour, I Confufion and defpite, on Congrefs evermore ; To North, that Britifh lord, may honors ftill be done, Iwijh a block and cord, to General Wafhington. Other examples are found occafionally in Latin Introduction. Latin, French, and Englifh. In the latter there is quite a celebrated one on the Vicar of Bray. So Haydn, among other playful elmlitions of his fancy, has introduced into one of his fym- phonies, a minuet and trio, which are flrft to be played in the regular way, and then repeated backwards. The following fpecimen of " a Serpentine, or double-faced Letter," is by the celebrated Car- dinal Richelieu, introducing a Benedictine friar to the French AmbafTador at Rome : — Matter 55 Introd. 56 Introduction, Mafter Compy, a Savoyard, is to be a bearer to you of this letter. He is one of the molt vicious perfons that I ever yet knew, and has earneftly defired me to give him a letter of recommendation, which I granted to his importunity. For believe me, Sir, I would be forry you fhould be mistaken in not knowing him, as many others have been, who are of my beft friends. Hence it is, that I defire to advertife you to take fpecial notice of him, and fay nothing in his prefence in any fort. For I may and do affure you, there cannot be a more unworthy perfon in the world. I know that as foon as you shall be acquainted with him, you will thank me for this advice. Civility doth hinder me to say more upon this fubje6l. Introduction. Friar of the order of St. Benedict, news from me by means of difcreet, wife, and leaft among all I have converfed with, to write to you in his favor, credence, with fome preffing merit, I affure you rather than he deferves infinitely your efleem, and wanting to oblige him by your being I fhould be afflicted if you were fo on that account, who will efteem him, and from no other motive that you are obliged more than any to afford him all imaginable refpecl that may offend or difpleafe him, . truly fay, I love him as myfelf, and convincing argument of an than to be capable of doing him an injury, ceafe to be a ftranger to his virtues, and will love him as well as I, and The affurance I have of your great write further of him to you, or td RICHELIEU. To be underftood as the writer meant it, the right hand column mult, be omitted altogether ; but the lines being read directly acrofs the page, convey a warm recommendation. The letter is not only curious, but very fuggeftive. Piecemeal is a combination of Latin words in themselves incoherent, but which, pronounced rapidly, in fome fort refemble the found of Eng- lifli 57 Introd. 58 Introd. Introduction. lifli. In this dialect Dean Swift and Dr. Sheri- dan ufed to correfpond. To illuftrate : — Is his honor fie ? Prae letus felis pulfe. The Dean once wrote to the Doctor : — Mollis abuti, Has an acuti, No laffo finis Molli divinis. Whereat the Doctor retorted : — I ritu a verfe o na Molli o mi ne, Afta laffa me pole, a laedis o fine ; I ne ver neu a nifo ne at in mi ni is, A manat a glans ora fito fer diis. • De armo lis abuti, hos face an hos nos is As fer a fal illij as reddas aro fis, Ac is o mi molli is almi de lite, Illo verbi de, an illo verbi nite. At which ftage of the difpute the Dean of St. Patrick's fhuts down on the whole affair, in lofty moral drain, as follows : — Apud in is almi de fi re, Mimis tres I ne ver re qui re ; Alo' ver I findit a geftis, His miferi ne ver at reftis. Here is a poem by an Oxford " firft," which merits prefervation : — MY MOLLI ANNE — AN IRISH BALLAD. O Pateo tulis a ras cale fel o ! He betetis vivis id, an fed, " aio puer vello," Vittis nox, certias in erebo de nota olim, Introduction. A mite grate finimus tonitus ovem — " Prae facer, do tellus, haufit," fefe " Mi Molle anni cano te ver aegre ? " Ure Molle anu cano te ver aegre, Vere trufo aio puellis tento me. Thea rafonis piano " cum Hymen (heu fedit) Diutius toga thyrfo " — Hymen edidit — Sentior mari aget O mare nautis alter id, alas, Alludo ifto terete ure daris poufis anas. " O Pater hie, heu vix en," fes Molle, and vi ? " Heu itera vere gratis troche in heri : Ah Molle re arti fere procacitur intuitus, Vos me ! for de parte da vas are arbutetes, Thus thrafonis planas vel huma fe Vi ure Molle anu cano te ver aegre. Betae Molle indulgent an feutas agile Pares peclor fex, uno vimen ars ille. " Quietat ure fervis I am," fato hereas heu pater, " Audio do Miffis Molle, an vatis themater ? " Aru mi honeftatis vetabit diu fee ? " O mare mi dare O cum fpecto me. Ago in a vae aeftuare ? vel uno more illic, O mare mi dare, cum paclo ure pater hie." Beavi ad vifu civile an focia luce Ure Molle an huma fore ver aegre. The key to which is, — Oh, Patty O'Toole is a rafcally fellow, He beat his wife's head and faid, " I hope you are well, O ! " With his knocks, fir, fhe has not in her body a whole limb — A mighty great fin I muft own it is of him. " Pray, fay, fir, do tell us how is it," fays he, "That 59 Introd. Introd. " That -my Molly and I cannot ever agree ?" Your Molly and you cannot ever agree, Very true, fo I hope you will liften to me. The rafon is plain, " O come Hymen " (you faid it), " Do you tie us together," fo Hymen he did it. Since your marriage to Mary now 'tis altered alas ! All you do is to treat your dare fpoufe as an afs. " O, Patrick, you vixen," fays Molly, and why ? You hit her a very great ftroke in her eye. Ah, Molly, her heart, I fear, broke, as 'twere in two is, Woe's me, for departed away fure her beauty is ; Thus the rafon is plain — as well you may fee — Why your Molly and you cannot ever agree. Be to Molly indulgent and fwate as a jelly, Pay refpect to her fex, you know women are filly. " Quite at your fervice I am," fay to her. as you pat her, " How d'ye do, Miffus Molly, and what is the matter ? " Arrah, my honey, ftay, 'tis wait a bit, d'ye fee ! " O, Mary, my dary, O, come fpeak to me ! A-going away, is't you are, well you no more I'll lick, O, Mary, my dare, come back to your Patrick." Behave, I advife you civilly, and fo fhall you fee, Your Molly and you may forever agree. Which, with a late one from an M. D. at the " Hub," will illuflrate the fecond clafs : — Do&ores ! Ducum nex mundi nitu Panes ; tritucum at ait. Expe6lo meta fumen, and eta beta pi. Super at- tente one — Dux, hamor clam pati ; fum parates, nom- ine, ices, jam, etc. Sideror hoc. " Fefo refonam ; floas fole." For whole pages of this learned trifling, the reader is referred to Dean Swift's works. Bagatelle Introduction. Bagatelle is a doggerel, or familiar rhyme, written in, or tranfferred into good Auguftan Latin. Walter de Mapes, the facetious Arch-deacon of Oxford in the time of Harry the Second, and Golias, were great manufacturers of Bur- lefque Latin. The following is by Mapes, and is found in Camden's " Remains " (4to, Lon- don, 1614) : — BACCHANALIAN ODE. Mihi eft propofitum in tabernum mori, Vinum lit appofitum morientis ori, Ut dicant cum venerint angelorum chori " Deus (it propitius huic potatori ! " Poculis accenditur animi lucerna, Cor imbutum ne&are volat ad fuperna ; Mihi fapit dulcius vinum in taberna, Quam quod aqua mifcuit Praefulis pincerna. Suum cuique proprium dat natura munus, Ego nunquam potui fcribere jejunus, Me jejunum vincere poflet puer unus ; Sitim et jejunium odi tanquam funus. Tales verfus facio quale vinum bibo, Non poffum fcribere nifi fumpto cibo ; Nihil valet penitus quod jejunus fcribo, Nafonem poft calices facile praeibo. Mihi nunquam fpiritus prophetice datur, Nifi cum fuerit, venter bene fatur ; Cum in arce cerebri Bacchus dominatur, In me Phoebus irruit, ac miranda fatur. Free 6l Introd. i Introd. FREE TRANSLATION. Let me die at the vinter's, I pray ; And die not till drunk up's the bowl ; The worft that of me they can fay, Is "Alas ! for his tippling foul." ; Tis by wine that the foul is enlightened ; By wine it is lifted on high ; And tenfold its pleafures are heightened When no furly cynic is nigh. Each man to his way ; give me mine, And that is, to eat, drink, and jest, Write I ne'er could, while lacking good wine ; But merry, I'll rhyme with the beft. Choice my wine, or elfe poor are my ftrains ; Not worth, were it weaker, a groat ; As long, then, as fancy there reigns, Let no one poor Mapes call a fot. Not prophecy's felf could infpire me, Till once my poor belly's well lined. When Ceres and Bacchus once fired me, Kind Phcebus ftays feldom behind. There is an amufing burlefque of the old Monkifh Latin legends, introduced into Whiftle- craft's (Hon. J. H. Frere's) National Work, which as a fpecimen of rhymed Latin (on which fubjecl; there was a valuable work publifhed by Sir A. Croke, about forty years ago) is ex- cellent : — Erant rumores et timores varii ; Dies horroris et confufionis Evenit Introduction. 63 Evenit in Calendis Januarii. Gigantes, femen malediction is, Noftri potentes impii adverfarii, Irafcebantur campanarum fonis, Hora fecunda centum tres gigantes Venerunt ante januam ululantes. At fratres pleni defolationis, Stabant ad neceffarium prasfidium, 9 Perterriti pro vitis et pro bonis, Et perduravit hoc crudele obfidium, Noftri clauftralis pauperis Sionis, Ad primum diem proximorum Iduum ; Tunc in triumpho fradlo tintinnabulo, Gigantes ibant alibi pro pabulo. Sed frater Ifodorus decumbebat In leclo per tres menfas brachio fracto, Nam lapides Mangonellus jaciebat, Et fregit tintinnabulum lapide ja6lo ; Et omne vicinagium deftruebat, Et nihil relinquebat de intacto, Ardens molinos, cafas, meffuagia, Et alia multa damna atque outragia. Lovers of rare and quaint volumes, and fre- quenters of bookfellers' flails, are familiar with a nomadic production of the year 1622, " Drunken Barnaby's Journal of Four Journeys to the North of England." In. 1723, one Braithwait republifhes it, with fome engravings and an Englifti tranflation ; faying of the performance on the title-page, that it is " Wittily and Mer- rily (though an hundred years ago) compofed, found Introd. 64 Introd. Introduction. found among fome old and mufty books, that had lain a long time by in a corner, and now at laft made publick." It is preceded by two dedications, and a fort of pre-L' Envoi, as fol- lows : — AD VIATOREM. Opida dum peragras, peragrando Poemata fpedtes, Speclando titubes, Barnabe, nomen habes. AD TRANSLATOREM. Peffimus eft Cerdo, qui tranfulit ordine calvo, Non res fed voces percutiendo leves, Aft hie Tranfiator corii peramabilis Aclor, Quirythmo pollens fit ratione fatur. INDEX OPERIS. Mulciber, Uva, Terms, redolens ampulla, Silenus, Effigiem titulis explicuere fuis. Sic me Parnaffi deferta per ardua dulcis Raptat amor. Which feems all to be fuch good fenfe as to bear tranflating : — TO THE TRAVELLER. Towns while thou walk'ft, and fee'ft this Poetry, And feeing, ftumbleft, thou art barnaby. TO THE TRANSLATOR. That paltry patcher is a bold tranfiator, Whofe awl bores at the words, but not the matter ; But this tranfiator makes good use of leather By ftitching rhyme and reafon both together. Introduction. THE INDEX OF THIS WORK. Vulcan, Grape, Venus, Bottle, Silen's hook, Have all explained the title of this book ; Thus through vaft deferts, promontories wild, Parnaffus' Love draws Bacchus' only child. The poem is written in doggerel Latin, and partakes of the character of all burlefques of the period, in being coarfe and loud in its de- tails and expreffions, but it is curious and well worth preferving neverthefs. Some of its ftan- zas are as follows : — Veni Oxon, cui comes Eft Minerva, fons Platonis ; Unde fcatent peramoene Aganippe, Hippocrene ; Totum fit Athenienfe, Imo Comu Reginenfe. Inde Godfton, cum Amicis, Vidi Tumbam Meretricis ; Rofamundam tegit humus, Pulvis <5^ umbra corpore fumus ; Sic qui teget, quae tegetur, Ordine certo fepelietur. Veni Gotham, ubi multos Si non omnes vidi ftultos Nam fcrutanto reperiunam Salientem contra Lunam, Alteram nitidum puellam Offerentem porco fellam. Occafionally, too, there occur fuch alliter- atives as, — 5 Jam 65 Introd. 66 Introd. Introdudlion. Jam Venus Vinis reditura Venis, Jam Venus Venis peritura plenis, Nam Venus Venis patitur ferenis, Nectare plenis. The following is a fine example of rhymed bagatelle : — mousie's address to his army. Nunc mores laxantur, Nunc plebes mutantur, Saltando balandoque, caput mutando, Sic dies effufi. Plaudendo, ridendoque nafum trudendo, Sic nobis abufi. Nunc Mures invi6ti ! Nunc Ratti Confcripti ! Et Ratuli, Catuli, Principes pratuli, Depromite vires ! In arma ruamus Sub parma vivamus In nidulis, vidulis currite, ftridulis, Indomiti Glires ! En horrid a belli ! Sed reges expelli, Bellando, domandoque caftra pilando Nunc cito cernemus. Nunc felem jejunum Sed mures adunum, Edentes,'libentefque corpus augentes Nunc femper canemus. Vae vobis nunc feles ! Sunt nobis fideles In pugnis et calcibus cum haftis vel falcibus Qui Introduction. Qui gladios ftringent, Et aures et villos Et caudas, capillos, Figendo mordendoque feles fternendo Se fanguine pingent ! A curious example is given by M. Delapierre, " Macaroniana," p. 148 : " C'efl une invective dans laquelle les faux Chretiens et les hypo- crites font defignes fous les denominations que voici : " — Candidaveftigeri, facieftimulantefeveri Pulchroperotumidi miffapecunifices, Quotidie Chriftocrucifigi, idolicolentes C onnubifanftifugae, clammeretr icilegae, Verfidolopelles, totorbiperambulotechnae, Alticaballequites, fraudipecunilegae, Fic~toculofan6ti, mentexitiofife rentes, Sanguinicrudibibae, pe&orecelidoli, Bombardagladiofunhaftaflammiloquentes, Bibliafacrifugae, defipidifcioli, Nigradeonati, craffsetenebrseftudiofi, Mentebonaprivi, tartarerynnipetas. The Reverend Francis Mahoney (Father Prout), one of the contributors to " Frafer's Magazine," wrote many Latin Bagatelles ; and a few fpecimens of his performance of the fort under confideration may be permitted. Here is a little of " Eveleen's Fall," " O, Weep for the Hour," &c. : — LAPSUS EMMiE. Heu ! lachrymor horam Quae condidit frontem Cum 67 Introd. 68 Introd. Introduction. Cum, fraudibus malis, Dux virgine coram Apparuit vallis. Non tulit impune Congreffum mifella, Cor doluit Lunae Pro lapfa puella. Sub nubium vello, Mox vultum infontem Explicuit ccelo, Sed utinam cafti Sic nominis gemma, Quam tu inquinafti, Clarefceret, Emma! Thus he ferves up " John Anderfon my Jo, John": — JOANNEM ANDREW FILIUM ANUS UXOR ALLOQUITUR. {From the unpubli/hed MSS. of the Admirable Crichton.) Senex Johannes ! dulcis amor tuae Anilis seque conjugis ! integra Cum nos juventa jungeremur, Quam bene csefaries nitebat ! Frontis marito qualis erat decor ! Nunc, heu ! nivalis canities premit, Nullae fed his canis capillis Illecebrae mihi cariores ! etc.* Here is Burns' " Green grow the Rashes : — VI RENT * I know of nothing that better exhibits the richnefs of the Latin tongue than the following verfions of Camp- bell's ftandard poem, " Hohenlinden." It will be feen that they are almoft totally unlike : — Tranflated by Francis Mahoney. Tranjlated by Francis Newman. I. I. Sol ruit ccelo minuitque lumen, Lindene quum fol fuper occideret. Nix fuper terns jacet ufquemunda, Necdum pede nix nee fanguine Et tenebrofS fluit Ifer unda tincta Flebile flumen! Alba manebat, fluftuque Ifgris Nigrans hiemale ruebat. Namque Introduction. VIRENT ARUNDINES. Curse corrodunt Urbem, Rus, Et fapientum cellulas, Nee vita vellem frui plus Ni foret ob puellulas — Virent Namque noclurnus fimul arfit ig- Alia at ruris patuit fades nis, LindenS, quando tympana noctu Tympanum rauco fonuit boatu, Pulfata jubent atra locorum Dum micant flammis, agitante Mortis luftrarier igni ; flatu Rura malignis. Jam dedit vocem tuba ! fax ruben- Parenfque tubas, cit5 fub face quis tes que Ordinat turmis equites, et ultro Eques inftructus gladium ftringit, Fert equos ardor, rutilante cultro, Dum fremebundus prsegeftit equus Ine furentes. Diro exfultare tumultu. Turn fono colles tremuere belli, Jam conquaffat tonitrus colleis, Turn ruit campo fonipes, et aether Jamque inftat equi concltus ardor, Mugit, et rubr3. tonitru videtur Procul et casli fulmine majus Arce revelli ! Strepitant rubra fulgura bell: Ingruit ftrages ! citd, fertegreffum! Acrius ardent. Ite O prorfum, Quos triumphatem redimere pul- Quotquot decus e morte oppetetis. chro MSnachi ! heus ! tua figna agita Tempori laurum juvat I aut fepul- jacta : chro Si quid potSs, irrue fortis. Stare cupreffum ! Hie ubi campum premuere multi, Multi coeunt, pauci excedent : Tedta qulm rari patriae videbunt ! Plures lodix nivis obvolvet Heu fepulchrali nive quot mane- QuS pes graditur cunque, fub omni bunt, Requiefcat cefpite miles. Pal ! nee inutili. 69 Introd. 70 Introduction. Virent arundines I At me tenellulas Taedet horarum nifi queis Inter fui puellulas ! One of Mahoney's doggerels I give com- plete : — Quam pulchra funt ova Cum alba et nova, In ftabulo fcite leguntur ; Et a Margery bell a, Quae feftiva puella ! Pinguis lardi cum fruftris coquuntur. Ut belles in prato, Aprico et lato Sub fole tarn lacle renident ; Ova tofta in menfa. Mappa bene extenfa, Nittidiffima lanfe confident. Which, put into Englifti, is, — O ! 'tis eggs are a treat, When fo white and fo fweet From under the manger they're taken ; And by fair Margery, (Och! 'tis ftie full of glee) They are fried with fat rafhers of bacon, Juft like daifies all fpread, O'er a broad funny mead, In the funbeams fo gaudily fhining, Are fried eggs, when difplayed On a difh, when we've laid The cloth, and are thinking of dining ! Profeffor Intro duttion. Profeffor Newman, of Univerfity College, London, has been putting Longfellow's " Hia- watha " into Roman, as follows : — Ego refpondeo et tibi confirmeo Ex filvis atque immenfitatibus herbofis, E vaftes feptentrionis lacubis, E finibus Ogibbawaiarum, E fedibus Dacotarum. « Father Prout's Reliques," and " The Odo- herty Papers," by the learned Doctor Maginn ? who tranflated " Old King Cole " into Hebrew, abound in thefe difjecla membra, and to them the reader is referred, as well as to the " Arun- dines Cami," by Henry Drury. Mother Goofe finds herfelf tranfpofed by the Bagatelle makers, varioufly as follows : — John, John, ye Piper's Son. Johannes, Johannes, tibicine natus Fugit perniciter porcum furatus, Sed porcus voratus, Johannes delatus, Et plorans per vias eft fur flagella'tus. There was a Man in Our Town. In urbe noftra erat vir Ut fapiens laudatus, In vepres tamen irruit Et oculis eft orbatus. Quum novit coecum effe fe In vepres iterum ve&us Recepit lunem ; illo die, Is oculis eft perfe6tus. What 71 Introd. 72 Introd. Introduction. What care I how Black I be ? Quid eft mihi quo nigra fim ? . Aureos habeo bis decim. Satin' eft dos ? Non, dicis ? Alteros adde tot illis. Dabit mihi dos virum ; Robufta matris filia fum. Ba, da, Black Sheep. Ba, ba, mouton noir, Avez vous de laine ? Oui Monfieur, non Monfieur, Trois facs pleine. Un pour mon maitre, un pour ma dame Pas un pour le jeune enfant qui pleure dans le chemin. Hwnpty Dumpty. Humptie Dumptie pendait au mur Humptie Dumptie tomba fl dur, Ni tous les cheveaux, ni les hommes du Roi Mettront Humptie Dumptie comme autre fois. Little Bo-peep. Petit Bo-peep A perdu fes moutons Et ne fait pas que les a pris, O laifles les tranquilles 111 viendront en ville Et chacun fa que apres lui. Yankee Doodle came to toiun. Ad urbum ivit Doodilius cum Caballo et calone, Ornavit pluma pileum, et dixit " Macaroni " ! Three Introduction. Three Wife Men of Gotham, went to Sea in a Bowl. Tres Philofophi de Tufculo Mare navigarunt vafculo : Si vas id effet tutius Tibi canerem diutius. Ding dong Bell, ye Cat is in ye Well. AIANON aVfavov eiire- piap "kafiev, ov%ov, a(3vaaov, Tqv yaXk-qv ria rqod' airvoq u[j,n?uiKL7}g ; Tvr&bg 'loavvTjg, x^opbv yavoq, alcv'ka etdur Tov ya?i£7]v (Hvdioai vrjmov ud'amKOV. Twinkle, twinkle, little Star. Mica, mica, parva ftella ; Miror, quaenam fis tarn bella ! Splendens emius in illo Alba velut gemma, coelo. Boys and Girls come out to play.* Garcons et filles venez toujours, La lune eft brilliante comme le jour, Venez au bruit d'un joyeux eclat Venez du bons cceurs, ou ne venez pas. Shoo, * Mother Goofe, indeed, feems to be the ftandard text- book of the funny philologifts. " Mary's Little Lamb," for inftance, will never be allowed to reft in the Saxon garb, but is conftantly being dreffed in every tongue, and macaronic dialect of all. But it is only recently that one has arifen bold enough to doubt the ftory, and throw dif- credit on the fong. Iconoclafts like Mr. Baring Gould, have fhown us againft our will, that William Tell and Captain 73 Introd. 74 Introd. Introduction. Shoo, Fly. Don't bodder me. Va mouche, laiffez moi tranquille, Va mouche, laiffez moi tranquille, Va mouche, laiffez moi tranquille, Pour je fuis de la compagnie L. And Captain Smith never did live, but we never expected to die doubting the exiftence of " Mary's Little Lamb." Strange to fay, a correfpondent fends Every Saturday what he calls " The True Story of Mary and her Little Lamb," hoping it will take the place of that garbled ver- fion which has hitherto been received as authentic : Mary had a little lamb, Whofe fleece was white as mow, And every place that Mary went The lamb it would not go. So Mary took that little lamb And beat it for a fpell ; The family had it fried next day — And it went very well ! We find the following in the * Drawer " of Harper's Magazine : u A practical parent objects to the fillinefs of our nurfery rhymes, for the reafon that the doggerel is rendered pernicious by the abfence of a practical moral purpofe, and as introducing infants to the realities of life through an utterly erroneous medium. They are taught to believe in a world peopled by Little Bo-peeps and Goofey, Goofey Ganders, inftead of a world of New York Central, Erie, Northweftern Preferred, &c, &c. It is propofed, therefore, to accommodate the teaching of the nurfery to the requirements of the age, to inveft chil- dren's rhymes with a moral purpofe. Instead, for example, of the blind wonderment as to the nature of aftronomical bodies inculcated in that feeble poem com- mencing Introduction. And the following verfion of a well known fong, by Dr. Maginn, we cannot forbear inferting entire : — BACK mencing, " Twinkle, twinkle, little liar," let the child be indoctrinated into the recent invefligations of fcience. Thus : — Wrinkles, wrinkles, folar ftar, I obtain of what you are, When unto the noonday fky I the fpectrofcope apply ; For the fpectrum renders clear Gaps within your photofphere, Alfo fodium in the bar Which your rays yield, folar ftar. " Then, again, there is the gaftronomic career of Lit- tle Jack Horner, which inculcates gluttony. It is practi- cable that this fictitious hero fhould familiarize the child with the principles of the Deledlus : Studious John Horner, • Of Latin no fcorner, In the fecond declenfion did fpy How nouns there are fome Which ending in um Do not make their plural in i. "The epifode of Jack and Jill is valuelefs as]an educa- tional medium. But it might be made to illuftrate the arguments of a certain fchool of political economifts : — Jack and Jill Have ftudied Mill, And all that fage has taught, too. Now both promote Jill's claim to vote, As every good girl ought to. " Even the pleafures of life have their duties, and the child 75 I NT ROD. 7 6 In TROD. Introduction. BACK AND SIDE GO BARE. Sint nuda dorfum, latera — Pes, manus, algens fit ; Dum ventri veteris copia Zythi novive fit. Non poffum multum edere, Quia ftomachus eft nullus ; Sed volo vel monacho bibere Quanquam fit huic cucullus. Et quamvis nudus ambulo, De frigore non eft metus ; Quia femper Zytho vetulo Ventriculus eft impletus. Sint nuda dorfum, latera — Pes, manus, algens fit ; Dum child needs to be inftructed in the polite relaxation of fociety. The unmeaning jingle of " Hey diddle diddle," might be inverted with fome utility of a focial kind : — I did an idyl on Joachim's fiddle At a claflical foiree of June, While jolly dogs laughed at themes from Spohr, And longed for a popular tune. "And the importance of fecuring a good parti, of rejecting ineligible candidates, and of modifying flirta- tions by a ftrict regard to the future, might be impreffed upon the female mind at an early age in the following moral : — Little Mils Mufiit Sat at a buffet Eating a bonbon fucre ; A younger fon fpied her, And edged up befide her, But fhe properly frowned him away. Introduction. 77 Dum ventri veteris copia Zythi novive fit. Introd. 2. Affatum nolo — toftum volo — Vel pomum igni fitum ; Nil pane careo — pavum habeo Pro pane appetitum. Me gelu, nix, vel ventus vix Afftcerent injuria ; Haec fperno, ni addeffet mi Zythi veteris penuria. Sint nuda, &c. Et uxor Tybie, qui femper fibi Vult quaerere Zythum bene, Ebibit haec perfaepe, nee Siftit, dum madeant genae. Et mihi turn dat cantharum, Sic mores funt bibon* ; Et dicit "Cor, en ! impleor Zythi dulcis et annofi." Sint nuda, &c Nunc ebibant, donee niftant Ut decet virum bonum ; Felicitatis habebunt fatis, Nam Zythi hoc eft donum. Et omnes hi, qui canthari Sunt hauftibus laetati, Utque 78 I.NTROD. Introduction. Atque uxores vel juniores Vel fenes, Diis fint grati. Sint nuda, &c. * The original being as follows : — Backe and fide go bare, go bare, Both foot and hande go colde : But, bellye, God sende thee good ale yenough, Whether it be nevve or olde. I cannot eat but lytle meate, My ftomacke is not goode ; But fure I thinke that I can drynke With him that weares a hood. Though I go bare, take ye no care, I am nothing a colde ; I fluff my fkyn fo full within, Of jolly good ale and olde. Backe and fide go bare, go bare, Both foote and hande go colde ; But, bellye, God fende thee good ale enoughe Whether it be newe or olde. I love no roft, but a nut-browne tofte, And a crab laid in the fyre ; A little breade fhall do me ftead, Much breade I not defyre. No froft nor fnow, nor winde, nor trowe, Can * Blackwood 's Magazine, July, 1822. The original was written by John Still, Bifhop of Bath and Wells, who died in 1607, and occurs in the play of Gammer Gurton's Needle, of which Still was reputed the author. Introduction. Can hurt me if I wolde ; I am fo wrapt, and throwly lapt, Of jolly good ale and olde. Backe and fide go bare, &c. And Tyb, my wyfe, that, as her lyfe, Loveth well good ale to seeke ; Full oft drynkes fhee, tyll ye may fee The teares run down her cheeke : Then dowth fhe trowle to mee the boule, Even as a mault-worme fhuld ; And fayth, " Sweete hart, I took my parte Of this jolly good ale and olde." Backe and fide go bare, &c. Now let them drynke, till they nod and wynke, Even as good felowes fhould doe : £» They fhall not myffe to have the blyffe Good ale doth bringe men to. And all poore foules that have fcrowr'd boules, Or have them luftely trolde, God fave the lyves of them and their wyves, Whether they be yonge or old. Backe and fyde go bare, &c. Nothing can be more dainty than "The Song of the Fairies at Night, in an Apple Or- chard," by the courtier, Thomas Randolph : — Nos beata fauni proles, Quibus non eft magna moles, Quamvis lunam incolamus, Hortos fsepe frequentamus. Furto 79 Introd. 8o Introd. Introduction. Furto cuncta magis bella, Furto dulcior puella, Furto omnia decora, Furto poma dulciora. Cum mortales leflo jacent Nobis poma noctu placent, Ilia tamen funt ingrata Nifi furto fint parata. And then there is our never to be forgotten " Old Lauriger," that the baritones and falfet- tos of unnumbered hecatombs of college men, have made preeminently a College Song • linger- ing longeft in the memory, and welling ofteneft to the lips of the Alumnus, tightly woven with days when the predilections of a lifetime were born, and the friendfhips of a lifetime welded : — Lauriger Horatius. Lauriger Horatius Quam dixifti verum, Fugit Euro citius Tempus Edax rerum. Ubi funt. O pocula Dulciora melle Rixse, pax, et ofcula Rubentis puellae. Crefcit uva mollitur, Et puella crefcit ; Sed poeta, turpiter Sitiens, canefcit. Ubi funt, &c. Quid Introduction. Si Quid juvat aeternitas, Nominis ? amore Nifi terrae filias Licet, et potare. Ubi, funt, &c It is within the fcope of the prefent work to regard the feature of rhyme in Latin verfe, as the monopoly of doggerel or trivial themes ; but we cannot find it in our heart to refrain from fuggefting that the fact is glorioully the reverfe. There is no more curious phenomenon in the univerfe of letters ; none certainly more big with matter for much thought, than the mir- acle of the Latin tongue, cold and moribund, refurrecled by moderns and aliens, and unfold- ing in their novice hands a marvellous vein of beauty and elegance, that, through all its golden ages, in the alembic of all its poets, orators, and fcholars, had lain in dormant and unfuf- pected potentiality. Did the dreams of Maro or Flaccus ever fhadow forth this great pofnbil- ity of Rhyme — a rhyme whofe cadences mould modulate the fonorous mufic of their (lately tongue, and make it, ages beyond their graves, though dead, yet fpeaking? That mould, in Chriftian mouths,* unfold a wondrous harmony, to * Archbifhop Trench, in the Introduction to his '* Sa- cred Latin Poetry,' 1 afcribes the birth of Rhyme in Latin verfe, to the influence of Chriftianity. He fays, p. 5, k. Introd. 82 Introduction. ' Introd. to fing a heaven they never felt, and a glory that was not for them ? Not only did the Latin poet live and die in ignorance of its charms, but there is good reafon to fuppofe that its appearance was regarded as a fatal blemim, and therefore dreaded and guarded againft with the utmoft folicitude. The reader of r. A., " When the Church arofe, requiring of it (*. e. the Latin language) to be the organ of her divine word, to tell out all the new, and as yet undreampt of, which was ftirring in her bofom ; demanding of it that it fhould reach her needs which had hardly or not at all exifted, while the language was in procefs of formation — that was already full formed ; it had reached its climacteric, and was indeed verging (though as yet imperceptibly) towards decay, with all the ftiffnefs of age upon it. . . . And we do obferve it, under the new influence, as at the breath of a fecond fpring, putting forth itfelf anew, bud- ding and bloffoming afrefh. . . . Henceforth the myftical element of modern poetry demanded its rights ; vaguer but vafter thoughts were craving to find the harmonies to which they might be married forever. The boundlefs could not be content to find its organ in that, of which the very perfection lay in its limitation and its bounds. The Chriftian poets were in holy earneft; a verfifi cation, therefore, could no longer be endured, attached, as in their cafe at leaft it was, by no living bounds to the thoughts in which fenfe and found had no real corre- fpondence with one another. The verfification hence- forth muft have an intellectual value, which fhould affoci- ate it with the onward meaning of the thoughts and feel- ings, whereof it profeffed to be, and thus indeed fhould be, the expreffion. Introduction. 83 of Juvenal will recall his commentary on the line of Cicero (before referred to on page 1), which appears to have provoked the S adrift' s difpleafure, as much for its fing-fong rhyme as for the abfurdity of its felf-conceit. And yet this line is a tolerable Leonine, deftined to be- come the favorite metre for the Chriftian, to be dedicated thenceforward to that rifing feci; the heathen poet fo warmly defpifed. There are four diftincT: rhymes in Virgil's greateft work, viz. : Ipfum, inter pecudes vafta fe mole moventem Paftorem Polyphemum, et litora nota petentem. ' ALneid, lib. iii. 656, 657, Haud aliter terras inter coelumque vocabat Litus arenofum ac Libyae ventofque fecabat.* lb. iv. 256, 257. Ducere dona jube. Cun<5ti fimul ore fremebant Dardanidae, reddique viro promiffa jubebant. lb. v. 385, 386. Terribilem criftis galeam flammafque vomentem, Fatiferumque enfem, loricam ex aere rigentem. lb. viii. 620, 621. Cicero, in his " Tufculan Difputations " (1. 28), quotes from an unknown fource, as fol- lows : — Ccelum nitefcere, arbor es frondefcere, Vites laetificare pampinis pubefcere, Rami bacarum ubertate incurvefcere If * It is fair to remark, however, that thefe two lines, from internal evidence other than the rhyme, are regarded as fpurious, and interpolated. Vid. Forbiges, Anthon, et al. Introd. 8 4 Introduction. Introd. If there ever was a poet whofe numbers courted rhyme, it was Horace. His peculiar facility of ftru<5r.ure, his pronenefs to experi- ment in metre and rythm * and above all, the bonhomie of his themes, make his verfes to lack only this crowning feature, as we have come to regard it, of the Lyric, — if, indeed, they can be faid to lack anything, by a critic of to-day. Only twice, fo far as we remember, does he fuffer a rhyme to intrude upon his pages. The firft is, Angularly enough, while expreffmg him- felf ftrongly to the effect that a poem mould not trull its excellence to charms of rhetoric alone : — Non fatis eft pulchra effe poemata, dulcia funto Et quocunque volent, animum auditoris agunto. Ars Poetica, i. 99, 100. And again, in the fame poem : — Multa recedentes adimunt. Ne forte feniles Mandentur juveni partes pueroque viriles ; It was not until the Decadence had left the Roman tongue in ftranger hands, that this def- pifed decoration became the chiefefl ornament of the ftru&ure, when under its fpell the cloif- ter heard the awful grandeur of the Dies Irae — the folemn fweetnefs of the Stabat Mater, and everywhere, all over the world to - day, the Chriftian fings the beauty and the majefty of Terufalem the Golden ! J The Introduction. 85 The Polyglot is a ftyle of writing of which Father Prout has furnimed the following exam- ple : — TO THE HOT WELLS OF CLIFTON. IN PRAISE OF RUM PUNCH. A Triglot Ode, viz. : — 1° TLivdapov nepi pevfiarog ydr). 2° Horatii in fontem Briftolii carmen. 3° 3&elfcfc (unpuulfs&etr) of " t|)e unfortunate C&at- terton." PINDAR. Jlriyrj BpiaroTuag Mallov ev vaku Aa(j,irov(f avfiscL cvv Ne/crapof at-uj 2' avrAw Fevfiari tto/I/Iw Mioyov Kai [leTuTog ttoav. Avr/p tcav rtf epav Bovferai r) fiaxyv 2o* BaK\ov na&apov 2ot dtaxpuvvvcei 6' aifian vd/ia' Yi.po&v/iog te Tax* eaosTai. 2e ef- ' whelps, ) pecially with mine ; return home at 6 a. m. and fleep till dinner, and repeat the folly as occafion ferves. A prefcription to the tailor would read, — Tty Super-Saxoniae, Opt : Valenciae Qualitate Praeftant : Alberti mill. a. a. quant, fuff. Fiant tunica, fubucula, braecaequae laxas, hor. prand. gerend. That is, — Take of the beft Super Saxony, of fine Valencia, of Albert mixture, each a fuflicient quantity. Let a coat, a veil and trowfers be made to be worn at dinner time. I$? Serici Coeruli Virg. vjjj T aeniarum Coccin. Virg. v. Ut fiat veftis fecundem artem, rofis elegantur ornata. quo fe vefperibus adolefcentia ind. That is, — Take of blue filk eight yards : of crimfon ribbons, five yards ; fo that a drefs may be made according to the fafliion ; elegantly trimmed with rofes, which let the damfel put on evenings. The idea of all which is evidently borrowed from the following " Recipie for Eternal Salva- tion, as well as Temporal Sanity," ported on the Introd. 9 6 Introd. Introduttion. the door of the phyfical room in the convent of j the Capuchin Friars at Meffina. Pro prefenti corporis et atczmoe animce falute. RECIPE. Radicum fidei Florum fpei Rofarum charitatis Liliorum puritatis Abfynthe contritionis Violarum humilitatis Agarici fatiffactionis Ano quantum potes : Mifceatur omnia cum fyrupe confeffionis ; Terentur in mortario confcientiae ; Solvantur in aqua lachrimarum ; Coquantur in igne tribulationis, et fiat potus Recipe de hoc mane et fera. Baftard productions like the preceding, little ! Japhets in fearch of their fathers, are contin- ; ually finding their way into print, and thence to i the omnium gatherum of fome humble fnapper- j up of unconfidered trifles. Sometimes, through | the charity of thefe latter, they find their j parents, but rarely. Still, they are always readable, curious, and frefli for an idle hour. Echo Verses have always been famous in j every tongue. Says the " Spectator," * " I find ' likewife in ancient times the conceit of making the * Number 59. Introduction. the Echo talk fenfibly, and give rational an- fwers. If this could be excufable in any writer, it would be in Ovid, where he introduced the Echo as a nymph, before fhe was worn away into nothing but a voice.* The learned Eraf- mus, though a man of wit and genius, has com- pofed a dialogue upon this filly kind of device, and made ufe of an Echo, which feems to have been an extraordinary linguift, for fhe anfwers the perfon fhe talks with, in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, according as fhe found the fyllables which fhe was to repeat in any of thofe learned languages. Hudibras, in ridicule of this falfe kind of wit, has defcribed Bruin bewailing the lofs of his bear, to a folitary Echo, who is of great ufe to the poet in feveral 'diftiches, as fhe does not only repeat after him, but helps out his verfe, and furnifhes him with rhymes." f The following is from the Greek anthology : X "Axk mis putridis, pro parte pofterioris Proveitus pingui, poterint purgare plateas. Prolhe poterint pomaria, participare, Partir praedas, patulas peragrare paludes Proclanaturi Porcelli peclore pleno, Poftqiam praeripitur Porcellis per peregrinos, Poftqiam percipiunt pede prendi pofteriori. X Plauiite Porcelli, plebs preciofa perenni, Pirtapace parate procul praeludia pulchra ; P)mpas praecipuas, profccenia publica palmae, Iirpureos pannos, picturas pendite pulchras Pogeniem prifcam Porcellorum perhibentes, Kventur platani, priventur pondere pinus, Porcellis * Profertur pignus pro paftione. t Particula pactae pacis. % Pompae Porcellorum poft pacem pera<5tam. Pugna Porco- 120 Pugna Porcorum. PUGKA Porco- rum. Porcellis paffim pomaria proftituantur, Palmarum prorfus plantatio praeripiatur Penciula, pro pacta portentur pace parati Palmarum pilei, procedat pulchra propago Pacificatorum Porcellorum, penetrando Planiciem, patriae paffim peragrando platea?, Plantae pro pedibus plateatim projiciatur. Portetur per praecipuos praeco peramcenus, Pacis perfeclor promat praeconia pacis Publicitus, prono procumbant poplite Pore, Porcellos patriae patronos profiteantur. * Porro praecedat potu pincerna, paludis Pocula propinans pleniffima : pabula praelens Pulmenti putris pro proprietate palati, Pro praecone potens paleae piftura paretur Proluvies pepli polluti, portio pinguis Pleni potoris promentis particulatim Pocula praefumpta, praeguftatos patinarurr Pullos, perdices, pavos, Porcos piperatos. Praeterea patriae per prima palatia perget Perfuadens populo Porcellorum pietatem, Plaudant Porcelli, portent per plauftra peroneii Per patriam patulo progreffu perfpiciantur : Piftorum Porci prope piftrinum patiantur Perpetuas pcenas, praefervati prope poftes : t Perturbent pueri porcos prope percutiendo, Propellat * Pincerna praecedit praeconem poculo pleniffimo. t Porcelli puellarum pollice perfricli procumbant. Pugna Porcorum. 121 Propellant Porcos pulchrae per penfa puellae, Pertractent parvos Porcellos poplite prono Procumbent, pilos patientur pectine pe6t.i. Plaudite Porcelli, piftorum plangite Porci. Piftores pafcant Porcos paftu palearum, Percuffos partim pedibus ; per plurima probra Partim projeclos petris pugnifque pedeque, * Paftores pafcant Porcellos profperitate Praecipua, peragrantes prata patentia paffim. Poflridie poftquam Porcelli pace potiti, Praefumpfere patres proterve pungere paffim Praeiia praedictae pugnaa populis perhibentes ; Plurima Porcorum penfans praefaga poteftas. Propofuit primo palmae praefcribere pondus Peftiferae plebi Porcellorum pedetentim Propofuit pedites precio pro poffe parare, Porcos praedones per pagos perque paludes. t Pungentes pecudes promufcide, phamaque paffim Perfertur, properatque pecus proclive, proinde Perficitur pennae procurator peracutus : Ponens pugnaces Porcos pecudufque papyro. Promittunt pofito pede praefeclis properare Praefcripto pugilum pugnam properare parati % Praacipuum, prout praecipient princeps pugil- efque. Porro * Porcorum praefaga penficulatio pro profe&o paranda. t Phama praelii. J Perfidia praefe6lorum precium praeripientium pugnan- tibus. Pugna Porco- KUM. 122 Pugna Porcornm. PUGNA PORCO- RUM. Porro proventus precii plerifque parantur, Praecurrent proceres precii plus percipientes Plaeant pollicitis, proh ! propellos peregrinos Perfidiam patrant proprioque perm potiores Praeftituunt praedas, proponunt poftea plebi Perfolvendarum propinarum paraclefin Pugnaque protrahitur, porro Porcus philomufus Paedotriba pufillorum per parifienfes Promotus, pagi paffcor, parochufque paludis Paulum perdoctus pariter producere petrum Pertreclabatur, proh ! perdita peclora plena Perfidiae : pudeat perceptae praemia praedae Plebi praeripere peccato perniciofo Peccatis, prodet profufa pecunia, prodet, Prodet praedones ; poftquam penfent peregrini Praemia pro pugna patrata, proque periclis. * Perfonuit parochus, pergens proponere plures Perfidiae partes : porro princeps pugilefque Peftiferum parochum proclamabant perimendum Pfeudo-euangelicumque probabant praecipitan- dum Ponto, praeterea plus proveniffe pericli Perfuafu parochi, plus ponderibus pavimenti Portae praecelfae, plus pulveribus platearum. Proteftabantur pcenis pleclendum pofte patente, Ponendum prope prunas, particulifque peruftis Profundo puteo profunde praecipitandum, Publicitus * Propatulatio perfidia per Philomufum. Pugna Porcorum. 123 * Publicitus pugiles praedicta piacula patrant, Plebfque putat pulchrum philomufum perdere Porcum Proinde preces princeps proponit plebfque parata Promittit parere piis precibus, pugilefque. t Partiri pergunt propinam : perficiuntque Perndiam, pauci prohibent peccata patrari Pro placito pugilum, plecti plerique putantur Propter perndiam propalatam peregrine. Poftquam Porcelli praeceperunt peregrinos Privari precio, prolixe penficulando % Publicitus propere procurant praemia pugnae, Proponi Porcis paganis perfoluturus, Proftat praeco potens plures praecurrere Porci Praetendunt, prohibetque pedo pluspercipientes. Poftquam pelleclii precio Porci peregrini, § Praefidium pugna praebebant praecipitare Pugnam pergebant Porci, porro properabant Partim pinguiculi, partim putredine pleni Provecti plauftris, partim peditis properabant. Porro Porcelli praeceperunt peregrinis Plauftra penetrando Porcos profternere pingues Producique palam pendendos pofte patente. || Propterea peditis prudenter progredientes, Perturbaverunt * Poena philomun. t Porcellorum percipientium perfolutionis perfidiam. % Ponitur perfolutio praefentiffima. § Pingues Porci provehuntur plauftris. II Praedatio Porcellorum. Pugna Porco- rum. 124 Pugna Porcorum. PUGNA Porco- rum. Perturbaverunt, projeceruntque potenter Plauftrum Porcorum, praedaque f>otente potiti, Praecipuos Porcos protraxerunt plateatim. Porro Porcorum profpeclo principe primo : Praeco potens populo' propinavit perimendum, Plectendum poem's pendendum pofte patente. Porro pauca petit princeps proferre, priufquam Perficiat placitum praeconis plebs pileata, Permittuntque parum proponere proinde profa- tur ; # Parcite Porcelli, proavorum prifca putamur Progenies, prifci potuerunt plura parentes Praelia pro patria patrare, pericula plura Pro populo. perferre pio, pro plebe parati Pcenas pauperiemque pati, poffunt pietatem Publica phana parentum pyramidefque probare, Promeriti pulchre per praemia picta probantur. Propterea penfate, preco, penfate periclum, Parcite perdendo, pietatem perflcientes. Poftquam perfecit princeps praedicla, parumper Plorans, percutienfque palam pectus peramce- num, Profert parcendum ploranti praeco politus Propter progeniem, propter praeciofa potentum Patrum privilegia, prognatamque profatur t Progenie propria princeps praecoque proinde Pergunt pacifici populo prope profpiciente, Praslatos * Precatio principis Porcorum. t Pacificuntur principes. Pugna Porcomm. 125 Prselatos pariter, praelatis participari, Partiri praedas : porro promifcua plebes Propterea praefert, pateat praelatio prava. * Poftquam parturiunt praeclara penaria praedas Perficiunt pacem patitur populufque Pofteaqnam patuit praerepta pecunia plebf, Plangunt privatim procerum praecordia pacem. Plectunt perjuro perjuria plura patrantes. Propterea Porci, Porcelli plebs populufque, Pofthac principibus prohibent producere pug- nam Perfonavit Placentius poft pocula. POTENTISSIMO, PIENTISSIMO PRUDENTISSIMOQUE PRINCIPI, PATRI PURPURATO, PRiESENTI PONTIFICI, PLACENTIUS PLURIMUM PR^CATUR PROSPERITATIS. Perge, pater patriae, patriarum perfice pacem. Promereare palam palmam placidiffime prin- ceps. # PoiTeffae pacis primam perhibe pietatem Prifcorum patrum per prudentiffima pacta. Pofceritas perget praeconia promere paffim Pontifici * Populi propofitio potifiima. Pugna PORCO- 126 Pugna Porcorum. PUGNA PORCO Pontifici preciofa pio, plebecula, pubes, Primores patriae proclamabunt peramoeno Plaufu paftorem pads, pia pe&ora plaudent. Phama peragrabit, peragrabit phama polorum Per penetralia : praeterea populofa propago, Progenies patriae, patres, puerique pufilli Proteftabuntur prifcis patribus potiorem. Pontificem pileo pretiofo praedominantem, Phama penetrabit penetrabit phama paludes Perfarum, poterit phoenix proferre perennes Pacis particulas, per pontificale paratas Praefidium, poflhac penetrabit pax paradifum Plebs peregrinorum profpecta pace perenni Pacati populi pactum pariforme probabit. Publica patronum pacis, privata patenter Peclora perpetuo plaufu pariter perhibebunt. Prudens pontificis pectus, per plura probetur Plectra poetarum, plerique poemata promant Praecipuam plerique parentelae probitatem Pertractent profa, praeftante poemate prorfus : Praecellat princeps pacis, princeps pietatis. Poftremo pronunciavit Penfa pauperiem, princeps praeclare, poetae. FIN^. Pugna Porcorum. 127 PR^ECATIUNCULA. P. PORCH. POETJE. Parce, precof, pingui pagellae, parce prudente Pugnantium parcemiag Parce parum pulchrae piclurataeque poefi, Prasfente pictae poculo. Phoebo poftpofito placuit profundere plura, Praeceps poemaque promere. Poftquam potaram, perlegi paucula.puncta Pingens, proindeque potinans. Perplacuit poto plufquam puerile poema, Plerifque perfuadentibus. Produxique palam perfcrutandum paradigma Pleno probandum poculo. Percuffo pluteo puduit puduitque papyri Partique pudet poematis. Porro potores partim prodire perurgent, Partim precantur protinus : Praefertimque poteft patronus praecipiendo Parva precatus pagina, Porcorum populus, Porcellorumque precatur Promiscue plebecula, Perfectam Pugna Porco- rum. 128 Pugna Pcrcorum. PUGNA POKCO- Perfe6tam pugnam perfe6lo ponere prselo Propediem placentium. Charus Centurio curavit comere chartas Cenforem, curae comraifit Chalcographorum. CANUM CUM CATIS CERTAMEN CARMINE COMPOSITUM CURRENTE CALAMO C. CATULLI CANINII. AUCTOR EST HENRICUS HARDERUS. ATTORUM canimus x:ertamina clara canumque Calliope concede chelyn; clariaeque Camoenae Condite cum cytharis celfo condigna cothurno Carmina : certantes canibus committite cattos, Commemorate canum cafus cafufque catorum, Cumprimis caufas certamina cun&a creantes. Currentem cupide cruda cum carne catellum Confpexere cati captique cupidine ccenae Comprendunt catulum, capiunt coguntque ca- rere Came, canis clamor complebat compita, cun&i Confluxere canes ; conamina cruda catorum Conqueritur catulus, captas carnefque cibofque 9 Commemorat ; 129 Canum Cum Catis Certa- MEN. 130 Canum Cum Catis Certamen. Canum Cum Catis Certa- men. Commemorat ; cunctis cum cognita caufa catel- lis, Concilium cogunt, canus calvufque culinae Cuflos Caftrutio cathedram confcendere celfam Ccepit, cumque canum confedit concio, caufa Communis, clamdt, comites, commune ciebat Confilium : coeunt crudelia corpora catti Contrectantque ; canum carnes complentque cu- linam. Contemnunt catulos ; contemnunt ? cedere co- gunt, Corpora corripiunt, conteftaturque cicatrix Caecilii catuli conamina cruda catorum Conniveat caufaque cadat careatque culina Clara caterva canum ? citius contendere curfu Cum cervo cancer cupiet citiufque canorus Cogetur creperis Cygnus cemffe cicadis. Cur catulr cur ceffamus ? conjungite caftra, Conveniant campo catti, certamine claro Contendant cui conveniat cenfura culinae. Collaudare canes cani ccepere cerebri Confilium, Ceneus cum Caftilione creatur Centurio. Cernunt catti crudele cieri Certamen, coeunt catti conflantque cohortes. Callimedonta caput campi columenque catorum Confilium commune creat, curamque capeffit. Cumque coegiffent catuli cattique cateryas, Certamen campeftre catis campeftre catellis Complacuit Canum Cum Catis Certamen. 131 Complacuit, currere citi clirfuque citato Convenere canes, cum confpexere catellos Cattorum cuneata cohors, concurrere ccepit Candida canenti cum Caftilione Camauce, Conculcata cadit clarumque cruore colorem Corrumpit, coeunt certamine Cafca Colaxque Cafca colorato, candenti corpore Colax, Cafca Colaxque cadunt, cams Condoq; Co- quoq; Captaneus claram cupiens convellere Callam Conficitur. Catalina cadit, capiturque Ceraftus Cumque Capo Canaus Celebris commilito claudi Cromvelli, cum ccepiffet contingere caftra Crantor corruerat cuncloque cruore carebat Confectus curfu, confligit Claudia casco Cum Cephalo, curvam Clebuli Caronia caudam Convellit. Cum cattorum coeunte caterva Colligeret cunctas Canape Chionaea cohortes, (Clara canis Canape campo Cuftofque cubilis Callimachi,) ccepitque canum convertere curfus Corbulo confuetis contritus colla catenis ; Certatur, caefis colles campofque cruentant Corporibus, colluclantur caudis cubitifque Cattorumq ; canumq; cohors, celeberrima Cauce Cum cedens campo claudo cum crure cucurrit Coepiffentque canes cattorum cingere cornu ; Currite Canum Cum Catis Certa- men. 132 Ca?ium Cum Catis Certamen. Canum Cum Catis Certa- men. Currite, clamabat Caronia, currite catti, Conficimur capimurque, canes ccepere cruenti Claufo certantes cuneo circumdare cattos, Cernite conftrato cumulata cadavera campo, Cernite calcantes cattorum colla catellos : Cedamus campum canibus, caufaque cadamus. Continuo catti cedunt curfuque citato Condita conantur celeres contingere caflra, Cum confternari cattos, cum corde carere Confpexere canes, conclamavere citoque Conglomerata cohors certat contendere curfu Cum cattis, capiunt cattorum caftra catofque Complures, captos ccenofo carcere claudunt, Connexis cruciant caudis cumulantque catenis, Centeni cecidere cati, ceffere cruenti Centeni, claudit centum cuftodia captos : Concinno comitum celebrantes carmine cladem Complaudunt catulifque canes, canibufq ; ca- telli ; Conftituunt certas captivis conditiones : Cum canibus coeat cattis concordia : ccenis Captivi careant catti, cedantque culina Cum coquitur, cineres captent, caleantq ; ca- mino Cernere contenti completos carne catellos. Captivi canibus cito confenfere, canefque Carcere confra6lo cum cattis conciliantur. Colle cavo comitum congefta cadavera condunt Cattorumq Canum Cum Catis Certamen. 133 Cattorumq ; canumq ; cohors curantq ; cruentos Complexi catulos catti cattofque catelli Civili certant cauda, cubitifque cohaerent : Cantatur, crudam claudunt convivia caedem, Cunftaque compofito ceffat certamine clades. Canum Cum Catis Certa- Hug- BALDI Eclo- GA. HUGBALDI MONACHI ECLOGADE LAUDIBUS CALVITII. INCIPIT ECLOGA DOMINI HUGBALDI MONACHI ELVONENSIS ORD. S. BENEDICT! AD CAROLUM CALVUM IMPERATOREM. Carmina conviciis cerritus carpere calvos Conatus cecinit : celebrentur carmine calvi. Confpicuo clari : carmen cognofcite, cuncti. Procemium. Quo Cam cense invitantur ad laudem calvorum. ARMINA, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcense, Comere condigno conabor carmine calvos ; Contra, cirrofi crines confundere colli. Cantica concelebrent callentes clara Camcenae \ Collaudent calvos, collatrent carmine clubas Carpere conantes calvos, crifpante cachinno, Confcendat cceli calvorum caufa cacumen. Conticeant cun<5ti concreto crine comati. Cerrito calvos calventes carmine cun6tos. Confona conjundlim cantentur carmina calvis. Cap. I. Hugbaldi Ecloga. 135 Cap. I. Quod calvities in praefagio futurorum quibufque prove- nire videatur. Carmina, clarifonae, ca*lvis cantate, Camoenae. Cum crefcit calvi capitis cervici corona, Confortem cleri confignat confore calvum. Capturum claram, Chrifto cedente, Coronam. Ceu crines capitis convellens crimina cordis, Corde creatorem confpectat, corpore Ccelum, Ccelicolas cives cupiens contingere cultu. Crimina cum curis condemnat cuncta caducis ; Cceli confcenfum, concentum ccelicolarum Concupiens cupide, collaudat cuncta creantem. Cap. II. Calvos Cantores, Abbates etiam, Doctores et Epifcopos effe ac Sacercfotes. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae Conjubilant calvi celfo clamore canori, Continuantque choro, cartas cantare choreas. Conformes capiti, Concordes corpore cuncli. Complacitas cleri contendunt condere caulas, Correpto cornu cceleftia claffica clangunt, Conficiuht carum Chrifti cognomine chrifma, Confociant cuneo confperfos chrifmate ccetus. Concordes caute celebrant convivia ccenae ; Confaturant Chrifti con vivas carne, cruore. Cap. III. Hug- baldi Eclo- ga. 136 Hug- BALDI Eclo- GA. Hugbaldi Ecloga Cap. III. Quod calvi Reges fint et Imperatores, Confutes quoque, Legiflatores et Judices. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Conregnant calvi ; confcendunt culmina clari,' Confpicui,. comti chryfea cervice corona- Clementes cenfu, condunt confulta clientum. Cincinnofe, cave ! Condemnant crimina calvi : Cenforem calvum cenfuram condere conflat. Cordacem calvum cordatum crede cavendum. Calventem calvos caecari corpore cenfe.t. Calvitium calvi caecatus carpere ceffa ; Ceffa cavalftrum, ceffa corrodere, ceffa. Cap. IV. Quod calvi fint Duces exercitus, ipfi etiam bellatores do6li atque robufti. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Conducunt calvi cuneos certamine claros. Compugnant calvi criftati caffide coni. Contorquent, crifpant celeres cum caede cater- vas. Comprendunt cirros, contundunt calce comatos. Cufpide confodiunt ; capulo conciffa corufco Colla cadunt ; celebrant calvi clamore celeufma. Commotus certare, catus certamine calvus. Conculcat, de Laudibus Calvitii. 137 Conculcat, caedit. Crinitos cedere cogit. Captivos captat, captos cervice coartat. Cap. V. Laus Calvorum in Experientia artis Medicinae, tam Pharmaciae quam Chirurgiae. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae, Comperies calvos columen conferre cerebro, Comperies calvos capitis curare catharros. Comperies calvas caecas curare cavernas. Chronica cum cancro ceditque cachexia calvo. Cardia cor carpens caffatur, colica ceffat. Contreclans chalybem confciffa carne coercet Corruptum capitis, co<5ta cervice cruorem. Cur complura cano ? Clandeftina cun<5ta caduci Corpore confutat, collapfaque corpora curat. Cap. VI. Inve6lio increpantis adverfus cavillatorem calvos convitiantem. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Corde cavus cirrofe, cave certare creanti. Conviciumque creaturae condicere ceffa. Condita cun6lipotens caufarum cuncta creator Conftituit, curamque cavens conferre creatis, Caetera curvavit, clarum confurgere calvi. Concedens culmen cui cedere cun<5ta coegit. Cerritus cur collatrat clamore canino : Condiderat Hug- BALDI Eclo- GA. 138 Hugbaldi Ecloga Hug- BALDI Eclo- ga. Condiderat calvum collapfa cucurbita caeno ? Conticeat citius caenofa calumnia cujus. Cap. VII. Item adverfus eundem, et Laus Calvorum de Humilitate, caritate et Caftitate. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcense. Complex carnificum, corium convellere calvo Cur cenfes ? Cordis convellit crimina calvus. Cur cenfes capiti cineres confpergere calvo I Cognofcit calvus cineri concrefcere corpus. Cur cenfes calido carnes carbone cremari ? Corda cremant calvi Chrifti concocta calore. Cur cenfes calvum caftrari corpore caftum ? Cordetenus cunctis caftratur concito culpis. Carmine carnificans calvum, compefce cavillum. Cap. VIII. Exprobatio carminis ejus, et paradigma de Elifeo propheta et pueris illi infultantibus. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis catitate, Camcenae. Carminibus caveo Claris conjungere caeca. Calcetur coeno calcanda calumnia calce. Ccenofus, ccenofa canens, concludito cannam. Cenfebis certe cenforum codice cautum Clarividium calvum, cui confcia confecutura, Commotum catulum circumlatrante cachinno. Clamantes ; Confcende citus, confcendito, calve ! Condemnaffe de Laudibus Calvitii. 139 Condemnaffe cacos confeftim crimine clarent. Convicii, corrofa cadunt cum corpora carptim. Cap. IX. De egregio calvo Paullo Apoftolo quod a Chriflo vocatus cascatus fit, raptus in Tertium Ccelum. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate,Camcenae. Carmina calvorum, cumulentur carmine Calvi, Confpicui, cujus crudelis cautio caedis Conftiterat, Chrifti cultores carnificare. • Conjubilent circumfulgente Charifmate calvo, Caecato cun6li ! Chrifti clamore citatus, Corruerat cito, confoffus ceu cufpide conti ; Confeftimque capit confcenfum culmine cceli Clarivido cernens confpectu cunctipotentem. Confore cor cujus claret ccelefte catinum. Cap. X. Quod fa&us fit ex perfecutore Prasdicator, et quodComam nutrire et turpem vetet proferre Sermonem. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae ; Conglomerate choros, calvos cantate choreas. Cenfuram celeb rem calvum comfiffe colendum ' Comperimus, cceli conful, confulta cavendi Crimina confutat, ccenofi cun6ta coercet Colloquii ; cun6lis communia commoda cenfet. Confindit cirros ; collegia civica condit Conciliando confponforum Chrifticolarum Corda Hug- BALDI Eclo- GA. 140 Hugbaldi Ecloga Hug- BALDI Eclo- Corda ciet, capiti corpus conjungere certans. Ceffet cerritus celebres contemnere calvos. Cap. XI. Alloquitur Camcenas Poeta de Cavillatore infinuans eum calvi Regis judicio caecatum. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Crudelem calvos caffo conamine cunctos Carpere conantem compefcite ; crimine captum C«nvicii, commentantim commenta caduca. Concito conviftum caecis concludite clauftris. Calvafter cenfor caecari crimine captum Cenfet. Caece canis ceffa contemnere calvum. Conquinifce, canis, confingens crimina calvis ! Conquinifce, canis, collatrans carmina calvos ! Conquinifce, canis, ceffans corrodere, calvos ! Cap. XII. Epitoma laudis Calvorum a Corporis fitu et pulcritudine, et quod calvus Microcofmus fit. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Concilium clarum calvorum cogere ccetum. Cum cernis, calvum cpeli comprendito cyclum, Calvitii culmen cceli cognofcito centrum. Circuitum Cofmi commendant caetera calvi. Calvos confocia, candentes congere calvos, Cynthia ceffabit Chryfeos conferre colores, Cornua contenebrans cedit concrefcere calvis. Collucent de Laudibus Calvitii. 141 Collucent calvi, calvorum caflida candet Conrutilans, cceli ceu copia clara corufcat. Claufula Carminis. Carmina, clarifonae, calvis cantate, Camcenae. Conveniet claras clauftris componere cannas, Completur claris carmen cantabile calvis. Explicit Carmen Hugbaldi Monachi ad Carolum de Laude Calvorum. The following are additional verfes by the fame poet. Carmine, clara, cave calvos calvare, Camcena, Crifpa cadat^Dontra caudata Columnia cirro. Calvorum Charites cantatae carmine claro Conticeant, cum clangenti concita canore! Conciderint cceli cum Chrifti culmina cultu. Caefareae capides, cauti cata cifta Catonis Concludant cleri captantia carmina culpas. Carmina, calvorum comtrix, conclude, Camcena. Carole, cum calvis, Caefar clariffime, canta Crucifero Chrifto clari conamina Cleri. Claufa Camcena capit cum Caefare congrua curam. Comta corona, cave ; cum Caefare condita Calvo Caroleos comunt celebrantia carmina calvos. Chrifte, caput calvum cum comto contueare, Crux cujus cun&is condonant crimina calvis. Note. There have been many editions of the De Laude Calvorum. The one given is taken from the edi- • tion Hug- baldi Eclo- GA. 142 Hugbaldi Ecloga. Hug- BALDI Eclo- ga. tion of S. F. Corpet, Paris, 1853. The Gothic verfion is preferved in Sandy's Macaronic Poetry, London, 1831 ; befides which there are various editions known as the Edition de la Bibl. Roy., Edition Barth, Edition de Vienne, etc., etc. $art £cconb* MACARONIC POETRY. MACARONIC POETRY. HE writing of Macaronic Poetry," fays Hallam (" Literature of the Middle Ages," part II. chap. v. § 17), "is a folly with which every nation has been inocu- lated in its turn." The molt ancient Maca" ronic Poem known to be in exiftence, is one entitled " Nobile Vigonce Opus Incipit ; " al- though poems, of mingled Greek and Latin, occur in Baudius, and although as early as the twelfth century, quaint mixtures of Englifh, Latin, and French, may be found in the monk- ifh writing. We have the author's own teftimony that he wrote the " Nobile " on the fecond day of March, 1494 : — Haec ego compofui madii mane die fecundo, Mille quater centum eft nos rionaginta quaterque." His name, too, he does not feek to conceal, faying, at various times : — Ipfe ego fum Fqfa, Sec. De Fojfa compofitore qui venit Patavia. Finit praeclariftimum opus editum per excellentem virum dominum Fojfam cremonenfem, &c. 10 M. Delapierre Maca- ronic Poetry Maca- ronic Poetry M. Delapierre fets down, with chara6leriflic French minutenefs, that this manufcript " Se compofe de huit feuillets, non pagine's et fans reclames, de 21 lignes a la page. Le ponctu- ation eft prefque nulle, il n'y.a que les deux points (qui remplacent frequemment la virgule) le point de loin et loin, et quelque rares points d'interrogation." M. Delapierre goes learnedly into the quef- tion as to whether this Fossa was Evangelifta, or Matteo Foffa, author of the " Galvano In- amotarata." Foffa appears to have been a pro- lific name, for befides thefe two, ' Giambutifta Foffa, nuncio of Pope Paul III., in 1534, Rug- giero Foffa, who flourifhed in 1527, and one Emilio Foffa, appear to have been not incapa- ble of the honor. For this curious Macaronic of nearly a thoufand hexameter lines, the reader is* referred to M. Octave Delapierre's " Macaroniana," London, 1862 (Tire a 250 ex- emplaires feulement), where the editor, at page 14, follows faithfully the text of the edition of 1502, " Defireux de donner une reproduction auffi fidele que poffible d'un poeme fi peu connu, quoique l'auteur nous apprene lui meme qu'il compofa grand nombre de vers macaroniques : " " Per queftum cafum poteris cognofcere Foffam Carmina qui fecit macharoniffima multa." Chronologically Macaronic Poetry. A7 Chronologically next to him, M. Delapierre places Barthelemy Bolla. Bolla was born at Bergamo early in the fixteenth century, but lived moll of his days in England, where, ac- cording to M. Libri's catalogue, he was an actor, playing the rble of a harlequin. " Je ne fuppofe pas," fays Delapierre, "que M. Libri ait voulu faire une epigramme, mais il m'a ete impoffible de trouver fur quoi il fonde fon opin- ion." This author wrote, in Macaronics of his native tongue, " Thefaurus Proverbiorum Ital- ico- Bergamafcorum rariffimorum et garbatiffi- morum, nunquam antea ftampatorum, in gra- tiam Melancholiam fugientium, Italicae linguae amantium, ad aperiendum oculos editorum," given in Delapierre's " Macaroniana," page 52. This production of forty-two lines is written in couplets, like the following :* — Amor di, mere trice, e vin di fiafco • La matina bono e la fera guafto. Amor meretricis et vinum fiafchi In mane eft bonus, et in fero guafti, &c. Typhis Odaxius, Tifi degli Odasj, or Oda- si, compofed, about the end of the fifteenth cen- tury, "Carmen Macaronicum de Patavinis qui- busdam arte Majica delufis," 4to, without pag- ing, date, catchwords, or fignatures, " Libellus longe rariffimus." The work paffed through fev- eral Maca- ronic Poetry 148 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry eral editions, all of which have difappeared. About the fame time appeared " Maccharonea varia, diverfis Unguis confcripta, praefertim La- tine et caraclere Gothico impreffa ; " fmall 8vo, without date. This rare volume, whofe author, according to Brunet, was Georgio Aglione d'Afti, contains fourteen fmall pieces, of which the firft is " Macharonea contra Macharoneam Baffani ad fpectabilem D. Baltafarem Lupum aften- ftudentem Papiae." The remainder are princi- pally farces in Lombard and Piedmontefe verfe. In the year 15 16, were firft publifhed at Paris, " Fructuofiffimi atque ameniffimi Ser- mones," by Gabriel Barlette, a Dominican friar. They are written in the loweft Macaronic ftyle, one fentence often confifting of two or three languages, and mixing ludicrous with feri- ous fubjects : not withftan ding which, they paffed through feveral editions. The firft edition of the well-known work of Merlin Coccaie, or Merlinus Cocaius, was at Venice in 15 17. The real name of this author was Teoflio Folengi (defcended from a noble family in Mantua), afterwards a Benedictine monk. He was born in 149 1, and died at his priory, near Baffano, in 1544, and is popularly regarded as the father of Macaronic verfe ; though, as has been fhown, he was by no means the Macaronic Poetry. 149 the firft writer of his clafs.* The complete title of his book, as in the edition of 1521, is : — Opus Merlini Cocaii, Poetae Mantuani Macaronico- rum. Totum in priftinam formam per me Magiftrum Acquarium Lodolam op time redactum, in his infra no- tatis titulis divifum. Zanitonella, quae de amore Tonelli erga Zaninam tra&at. Quae conftat ex tredecim Sonolegiis, feptem Eclogis, et una Strambottolegia. Phantafiae Macaronicon, divifum in viginti quinque Macaronicis, tractans de geftis, magnapimi et prudentif- fimi Baldi. Mofchea facetus liber in tribus partibus divifus, et tradlans de cruento certamine mufcarum et formicarum. Libellus Epiftolarum et Epigrammatum ad varias perfonas direclarum. Of Macaronic verfe in general, Folengi fays : . Ars ifta poetica nuncupatur ars Macaronica, a Macaron- ibus derivata ; qui Macarones funt quoddam pulmentum, farina, cafeo, butyro, compaginatum : groffum rude et rufticanum. Ideo Macaronica nil nifi groffedinem rudi- tatem et Vocabulezzos, debet in fe continere. The * " Macaronic verfe was invented by one Folgendo, in the firft part of the century. This worthy had compofed an epic poem, which he thought fuperior to the JEneid. A friend to whom he mowed the Ma'caronic paid him the compliment, as he thought, of faying that he had equalled Virgil. Folgendo, in a rage, threw his poem into the fire, and fat down for the reft of his life to write Macaronics." — Journal des Savans, December, 1831. Maca- ronic Poetry 150 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry The Italian word, Maccherone, fignifies " a pudding-pated fellow." And thofe of Folengi were written in a medley of Latin and Italian. They contain fome fober maxims expreffed in facetious terms ; the high-founding titles of gran- dees are turned into ridicule with much addrefs ; and the vices of mankind are depicted in fuch a jocofe manner, that they may be confidered fatires without venom. The adventures of Baldus conflitute a mock- heroic romance* founded on the exploits of an imaginary grandfon of Charlemagne, accompa- nied by a trufty knave, a giant, a centaur, &c. There have been feveral editions ; the bell is that of 1786, two volumes in one, with notes and engravings, 4to, Mantua. In the edition of 1561, many alterations are made, and paffages objectionable to particular families omitted. There is alfo a French tranflation, of which the bed edition is that of 1606. Of the French edition of 1734, a few copies were printed on vellum. Folengi is fuppofed to have written other Macaronic pieces, as the following titles appear in a lift of his works at the end of his life, annexed tq the edition of the " Opus " of 1692. " Opufculum aliud verfibus Macaroni- cis, cui Titulus : II Libro della Gatta." Also, in MS., " Satirae carmine Macaronico : quarum Ti- tulus Macaronic Poetry. I5i tulus.Le Gratticie." He alfo compofed a curi- ous allegorical poem, " Chaos de Triperuno," and feveral other pieces, not Macaronic. His " Orlandino," in ottava rima, was publilhed in 1526, under the feigned name of.Limerno Pi- tocco. A copious extract from Merlin will be found among the fpecimens. In 1526 a fmall and rare book was printed, with the title, " Guarini Capella, Macharonea in Cabrinum Gogamagogae Regem Compofita, multum delectabilis ad legendum, ex fex libris diftincta. Arimini, per Hieronymum Soncinum Anno Domini 1562," 8vo. Guarina Capella was a native of Sarfina, a little town in the Pon- tifical States ; his Macaronic is in fix cantos of about one hundred and forty lines each, and is dedicated to w Guarinus Capellus Sarfinas Mari- otto, fuo compagno grandiffimo, S. P. D." Antonius de Arena, a lawyer of Avignon, who died in 1544, was a celebrated Macaronic writer. The beft of his works is confidered to be " Meygra Entrepriza tatoliqui Imperatoris, quando de Anno D. 1536, veniebat per Pro- venfam bene carrozatus, in poftam prendere Franfam cum villis de Provenfa, propter groffas et minutas gentes rejouire, per Antonium de Arena Baftifaufatam — Gallus regnat, Gallus regnavit, Gallus regnabit." Avenione, 1537, i2mo. Maca- ronic Poetry 152 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry 121110. Bruxellae, 1748, 8vo. Lyon, i76o> 8vo. It is fometimes found with the title : " Poema Macaronicum : id eft, Hiftoria braviffima Caroli Quinti Imperatoris a Provineialibus Payfunis triumphanter defbifati, Macaronico carmine re- citans, per Joannem Germanem, 1536." The book concludes thus : " Scribatum ef- tando cum gailhardis Payfanis per Bofcos, Mon- tagnos, Foreftas de Provenfa, de anno mille cccccxxxvi, quando Imperarius d'Efpagna, et tota fua Gendarmeria pro fauta de panibus per Vignas roygabant Rafmos, et poll veniebant fort bene Acambram fine Crefteris, et candeletis d'Apoticaris in Villa de Aquis." It is a pleafant fatire on the wars of Charles the Fifth, and was fuppreffed by the miniftry of thofe times ; but whether it was the fubje<5t of an ex officio informa- tion, does not appear. Another work of his, of which there have been feveral editions, is, " An- tonius de Arena de Bragardiffima villa de Soleriis. Ad fuos Compagnones ftudiantes qui funt de per- fona friantes, baffas darifas in gallanti ftylo bif- ognatas ; cum Guerra Romana et Neopolitana, Revolta Genuenfi, Guerra Avenionenfl, et Epif- tola ad fallotiffimam fuam garfam Rofeam, pro paffando lo tempus allegramente, &c. Stamp, in Stampatura Stampatorum, anno 1670." In it occurs this celebrated defcription of the Dance : Macaronic Poetry. 153 Dance : " Quid fit Danfa ? Eft una groffiffima confolatio, quam prendunt bragardi homines cum bellis garfis five mulieribus, darfando, cho- rifando, fringando, balando de corpore gayo et frifco, quando meneftrius carlamuairus, floutai- rus, juglairus, tamborinairus baffas et hautas danfas, tordiones, branlos, martingalas et alias fautarellas tocat, fiblat, carlamuat, fifrat, tambo- rinat, harpat, rebecat, floutat, laudat, organat, cantat de gorgia, de carlamufa clara, de carla- mufa furda," &c Annexed to a very old edi- tion of A. de Arena, was, " Nova Novorum No- viffima, five poemata ftylo Macaronico con- fcripta ; quae faciunt crepare leclores et fal- tare capras ob nimium rifum, res nunquam antea vifa ; compofita et jam de novo magna diligen- tia revifata et augmentata par Bartholomaeum Bollam, Bergamafcum, Poetarum Apollinem, et noftro faeculo alterum Cocaium. Accefferunt ejufdem aucloris Poemata Italica, fed ex valle Bergamafcorum. Stampatus in Stampatura Stampatorum," i2mo, 1670. M. Delapierre gives next in order, Jean Richard, or Jean Baptifte Lechardus, alfo a lawyer, " au Parlement de Bourgogne, ne a Di- jon," who writes fomewhere about 1587 a Maca- ronic (given in " Macaroniana," page 109), " a Poccafion de la defaite de Reitres par le Due de Maca- ronic Poetry 154 Maca- ronic Poetry Macaronic Poetry. de Guife : " " Cagafanga Reiftrofuyffolanf- quettorum, per Magiftrum Johannem Baptif- tam Lichardum Recatholicatum, Spaliporcinum Poetam — Cum refponfo, per Joan Cransfeltum, Germanium" (Paris, 1558, 8vo, by Etienne Taburat). There is a German Macaronic fatire upon the ignorance of the monks, in the form of a dia- logue, dating about the year 1516. The Ger- mans feem to have been only fecond to the Italians in this fpecies of literature, probably becaufe of their large univerfities, for the Maca- ronic has always been a favorite with ftudents. The title of one of them points to fuch an ori- gin, viz. : " Curio fae inaugurae defputation von dem Recht, privilegiis und proeragativen der Athenienfifchen Profefforen-Purfchen wider die burger purfche und communitater," &c., "in diebus canicularibus." Perhaps the oldeft German Macaronic poem is the ." Floia, Cortum verficole de Flois fuarti" bus, illis Deiriculis, quae omnes fere minfchos, belruppere et fpitzibus fuis fchraflis fteckere et bittere folent. Auctore Gripholde Knickackio ex Flolandia," which, fince 1593, has been often- reprinted. Another German Macaronic is the " De Lufitate Slu&entica." The remaining Continental Macaronics of any Macaronic Poetry. any note are, " Macaronica de fyndicatu et con- demnatione D. Samfonis Lethi. Dialogus face- tus et fingularis, non minus eridutionis quam Macaronices compleclens ex obfcurorum vio- rum falibus cribatus," 8vo. " Fabula Macharonea, cui titulus eft ; Car- nevale. Bracciani apud Andr. Phacum," 1620, 8vo, by Andrea Bajano. " Harenga Macaronica habita in Monafterio Cluniacenfi de quinta menfis Aprilis anni 1556 ad rev. et illuft. Cardinalem de Lotharingia, ej.ufdem Monafterii Abbatem Commendata- rium, per do6lum Fratrem Vincentium Juftini- anum, Genovenfem, General em Ord. Fratr. Praedicatorum, deputatum per Capitulum gene- rale, una cum certis aliis ejufdem ordinis Fra- tribus Ambaffatorem verfus eundem Reveren- diffimum ; pro repetenda Corona aurea, quam abftulit a Jacobitis urbis Metenfis Rhenis, in Campania," 1566, 8vo. " Magiftri Stoppini, Poetae Ponzanenfis Ca- priccia Macaronica, Illuftriffimo ac Excellentif- fimo Domino Jacobo fuperantio Paduae prae- feclio. D. Padua, apud Gafparum Ganaffum," 1638, 8vo. Of this there have been feveral editions ; the author, according to Barbier, was Cefare Orfini. " Cittandus Macaronicus metrificatus, overum de 155 Maca- ronic Poetry i 5 6 Maca- ronic Poetry Macaronic Poetry. de piacevoli converfantis coftumantia, Somnia trente quinque." 8vo, 1647, by Parth. Zanclaio. " Diclamen metrificum de bello Huguenotico et Reiftrorum Pigilamine ad Sodales," by Remy Belleau. This piece, containing about two hun- dred and fifty lines, grotefquely portrays the ravages committed by the foldiery in time of war. It is printed with the burlesque poem, " L'Efchole de Salerne, a Paris, 1650." The publifher fays of it : " Au refte, on en doit faire d'autant plus d'eftime, que c'eft le feule Poeme de cette nature que nous avons en noftre lan- gue ; car ceux d'Antoine de Arena approchent plus de Provencal que du Francois, et ceux de Merlin Coccaye font Italiens." " Recitus veritabilis fuper Efmeuta teriblii Payfanorum de Ruellio a Jano Caecilio Fray." s. A. " Epiftola Macaronica Arthufii ad D. de Pa- rifiis fuper atteflatione fua, juftificante et nitr- dante Patres Jefuitas." s. a. "Epitaphia honorandi Magiftri noftri Petri a, Cornibus." Paris, 1542, 8vo. " Carmen arenaicum de quorundam nugiger- olorum piarTa infupportabili." Englifh Manufcript Macaronics of the fix- teenth and feventeenth centuries abound, for the mania which fpread over the Continent, Ifound Macaronic Poetry. iS7 found its devotees alfo in Britain. In the Brit- ifh Mufeum * there is a curious manufcript fatire on Prieftcraft. In the " Nugae Venales " (ed. 1720, i2mo) there are four fhort Macaronic pieces, which mare the defect unfortunately too common in the generality of Macaronic poetry — grofs, coarfe witticifms, and loud allufions. Before turning exclufively to Englifh Macaro- nics, it may be as well to quote here a pretty French one, given by Moliere, in the troifieme intermede of " Le Malade Imaginaire," where Argan, the invalid, is to be admitted a doctor : Quatrtime Dofteur. — .... Si non ennuyo dominum Proefidem Docliffimam Facultatem, Et totam honorabilem Companiam ecoutantem, Faciam illi unam quoeftionem. Des hiero maladus unus Tombavit in meas manus ; Habet grandam fievram cum redoublamentis, Grandam dolorem capitis, Et grandum malum au cote, Cum granda" difficultate Et pena a refpirare, Villas mihi dire, Docle Bacheliere, Quid illi facere ? Argan. * Vid. MSS". Harl. No. 3362. MSS. Arundel. No. 506. MSS. Reg. 7. E. W., &c. . Maca- ronic Poetry i 5 8 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Argan. — Clyfterium donare, Poftea feignare, Enfuita purgare. • Cinq. Dofi. — Mais ft maladia Opiniatria Non vult fe garire, Quid illi facere ? Argan. — Clyfterium donare, Poftea feignare, Enfuita pourgare ; Refeignare, repurgare et reclyfterifare. Choeur. — Bene, Bene, bene, bene refpondere ; Dignus, dignus eft intrare In noftro do6lo corpore, &c. Among Englifh Macaronic writers figure the names of Skelton, Drummond of Hawthorn- den, Thomas Coryate; George Ruggle, Edward Benlowes, the two William Kings, Thomas Sheridan, Alexander Geddes, Felix Farley, and Tom Difhington. "The earlieft collection of Englifh Chrift- mas carols fuppofed to have been publifhed," says Hone in his " Every-Day Book," " is only known from the laft leaf . of a volume printed by Wynkyn Worde, in 152 1. There are two carols upon it ; one, ' A Carol of Huntynge,' is reprinted in the laft edition of Juliana Berner's ' Boke of St. Albans ; ' the other, 'A carol of bringing in the Boar's Head,' is Macaronic Poetry. 159 is in Dibdin's edition of ' Ames,' with a copy of the carol, as it is now fung in Queen's College, Oxford, every Chriftmas Day." Dr. Blifs of Oxford alfo printed on a meet, for private dif- tribution, a few copies of this, and Anthony Wood's verfion of it, with notices concerning the cuftom, from the handwriting of Wood and Dr. Rawlinfon, in the Bodleian Library. The verfion fubjoined is from a collection of feven carols imprinted at London, " in the Poultry, by Richard Kele, dwelling at the long ihop vnder Saynt Myldrede's Chyrche," about 1546, and is an example of the old ftyle : — A CAROL BRINGING IN THE BORE'S HEAD. Caput apri defero Reddens laudes Domino. The bore's heed in hande bring I, With garlands gay and rofemary, I pray you all fynge merelye Qui eftis in convivio. The bore's heed I underftande Is the thefte fervice in this lande, Take wherever it be fande, Servite cum cantico. Be gladde lordes both more and kffe, For this hath ordeyned our ftewarde, To cheere you all this Chriftmane, The bore's heed with muftarde. Caput apri defero Reddens laudes Domino. Another Maca- ronic Poetry i6o Maca- ronic Poetry Macaronic Poetry. Another verfion of this laft verfe is : — Our fteward hath provided this In honor of the King of Blifs : Which on this day to be ferved is, In Regimenfi Atrio. Caput apri defer o Reddens laudes Domino. In this ftyle, the Macaronic is not neceffarily- a burlefque performance. Dan Shakefpeare himfelf has a Macaronic — as what has he not? — in his Book : — Affection is not rated from the heart, If love hath touched you, naught remains but to Redime te captum quam queas minimo. • Taming of the Shrew, i. I. At a later day, Byron's " Maid of Athens " is Macaronic ; and fome of Profeffor Longfel- low's fongs : e. g. his " Blind Bartimeus," " Death of the Old Year," &c, are of like char- acter. In Du Cange's " Gloffarium " is the defcrip- tion of a curious ceremony called the " Feaft of Affes," popular in the South of France about the thirteenth century. The account favors of blafphemy to modern ears ; but in the early day, when the Miracle Play fupplied the fpec- tacular entertainment of the people, it was not only tolerated, but encouraged by the Church. The Macaronic Poetry. The theme was the " Flight into Egypt," and the mummery was accompanied by the celebra- tion of High Mass. The H Hymn " always fung upon thefe occafions was a Macaronic compofition of French and Latin, and, as it is thought worthy of prefervation as a relic, is in- ferted here, as follows : — Orientis partibus Adventavit afinus Pulcher et fortiffimus, Sarcinis aptiffimus. Chorus. — Hez fire afnes, car chantez ? Belle bouche rechignez ? Vous aufez du foin affez, Et de l'avoine a plantez. Lentus erat pedibus, Nifi fbret baculus, Et eum in clunibus Pungeret aculeus. Chorus. Hie in collibus Sichem, Jam nutritus fub ruben : Tranfiit per Jofdanem, Saliit in Bethlehem. Chorus. Ecce magnis auribus, Subjugalis filius, Annus egregius, • Afinorum dominus. Chorus. II Saltu 161 Maca- ronic Poetry l62 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Saltu vincit hinnulosj Damas et capreolos ; Super dromedarios Velox medianeos. Chorus. Aurum te Arabia, Thus et myrrhum de Saba, Tulit in eqclefia Virtus afinaria. Chorus. Dum trahit vehicula Multa cum farcinula, Illius mandibula, Dura terit pabula. Chorus. Cum ariftis horde urn Comedit et carduum : Triticum e palea, Segregat in area. Chorus. Amen dicas, afine, [Hie genufleftebatur, ) Jam fatur de gramine : Amen, amen, itera, Afpernare vetera. Chorus. — Hez va ! hez va ! hez va hez ! Biax fire afnes car allez ? Belle bouche car chantez ? In " The Armory of Byrdes," " Imprinted at Londo, by John Wyght, dwellfg* in Poules Churchyarde Macaronic Poetry. 163 Churchyarde at the fygne of the Rofe," about the year 1509, a work attributed to Skelton, is the following : — The Cocke dyd fay I ufe alway To crow both firft and laft : Like a Poftle I am, For I preche to man, * And tell hym the nyght is paft. " I bring new tydynges That the King of all Kings In tactu profudit chorus : Then fang he mellodious Te Gloriofus Apoflolorum chorus.'" The following is a very old Nurfery Ballad : THE FOUR BROTHERS. I had four brothers over the fea ; Perrimerri dictum, Domine : And each one fent a prefent to me, Partum quartum, peredecentum, Perrimerri dictum, Domine : The firft fent a cherry without any Hones ; Perrimerri dictum, Domine : The fecond a chicken without any bones ; Partum quartum, peredecentum, Perrimerri di<5tum, Domine. The third fent a blanket without any thread ; Perrimerri di<5tum, Domine : The fourth fent a book that no man could read ; Partum, quartum, peredecentum, Maca- ronic Poetry Perrimerri dictum, Domine. When 164 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry When the cherry 's in the bloffom, it has no flones ; Perrimerri dictum, Domine : When the chicken 's in the egg, it has no bones ; Partum, quartum, peredecentum, Perrimerri dictum, Domine. When the blanket 's in the fleece, it has no thread ; Perrimerri dictum, Domine : »When the book 's in the press, no man it can read ; Partum quartum, peridecentum, Perrimerri dictum, Domine. " Love's Labor Loft " has much Macaronic dialogue : — Nath. — "Very reverent fport, truly ; and done in the teftimony of a good confcience. Hoi. — The deer was, as you know, fanguis, — in blood ; ripe as a pomewater, who now hangeth like a jewel in the ear. of ccelo, — the fky, the welkin, the heaven ; and anon falleth like a crab on the face of terra, — the foil, the land, the earth. Nath. — True, Mafter Holofernes, the epithets are fweetly varied, like a fcholar at the leaft : but fir, I affure ye, it was a buck of the firft head. Hoi. — Sir Nathaniel, haud credo. Dull. — 'Twas not a haud credo : 'twas a pricket. Hoi. — Most barbarous intimatiori ! yet a kind of in- finuation, as it were in via, in way, of explication ;facere, as it were, replication, or, rather, ojientare, to fhow, as it were, his inclination, — after his undreffed, unpolifhed, uneducated, unpruned, untrained, or rather unlettered, or rathereft, unconfirmed fafhion, — to infert again my haud credo for a deer. Dull. — I faid the deer was not .a haud credo, 'twas a pricket. Hoi. Macaronic Poetry. Hoi. — Twice-fod fimplicity, bis cocTus ! — O thou mon- fter Ignorance, how deformed doft thou look ! — Love's Labor Lojl, iv. 2. Indeed, it is curious to fee how far a little Latin will go. Said Addifon (" Spectator," No. 21), — " The natural love of Latin, which is fo prevalent in our common people, makes me think that my fpeculations fare never the worfe among them for that little fcrap which appears at the head of them • and what the more en- courages me in the ufe of quotations in an un- known tongue, is, that I hear the ladies, whofe opinion I value more than that of the whole learned world, declare themfelves in a more particular manner pleafed with my Greek mot- toes ! " Skelton, who was Poet Laureate about the end of the fifteenth century, fays, in his " Boke of Colin Clout " : — Of fuch vagabundus Speaketh totus mundus, How fome fyng let abundus, &c. Cum ipfis et illis Qui manent in villis Ell uxor vel an cilia, Welcome Jacke and Gilla, My pretty Petronilla, An you will be ftilla You mail have your willa, &c. In " Harfnett's Detection " are fome humor- ous 165 Maca- ronic Poetry 1 66 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry ous lines, being " Sir John of Grantam's curfe for the miller's eeles that were ftolne " : — All you that ftolen the miller's eeles, Laudate dominum de ccelis, And all they that have confented thereto, Benedicamus domino. This is fomething like Dominie Sampfon's in- terview with Meg Merrilies : " Sceleratijfima ! which means, Mrs. Margaret ; conjuro te ! that is, I thank you heartilly ; Exorcifo te / that is, I have dined." Wharton* after mentioning Cocciae and de Arena, fays : " I have gone out of my way to mention thefe two obfcure writers, with fo much particularity, in order to obferve that Skelton, their contemporary, probably copied their man- ner ; at leaft to mow that their Angular method of verfrfication was at this time fafhionable, not only in England, but alfo in France and Italy. Nor did it ceafe to be remembered in Eng- land, and, as a fpecies of poetry, thought to be founded by Skelton, till even as late as the clofe of Queen Elizabeth's reign, as appears from the following poem on the Spanilh Ar- mada, which is filled with Latin words : — A Skeltonical falutation, Or condigne gratulation ; And juft vexation, * Hijlory of gnglijh Poetry, vii. 506. Macaronic Poetry. Of the Spanifh nation ; That in a bravado Spent manv a crufado, Sending forth the Armado England to envado," &c. Dunbar, a Scottifh poet of the fifteenth cen- tury, occafionally employed this ftyle j his " Tef- tament of Mr. Andrew Kennedy,''" which is written in the ftyle of an idle, dhTolute fcholar, has almoft every alternate line compofed of the formularies of a Latin Will, fhreds of. the breviary, mixed with what the French call " Latin de cuifme" * and is given at length among the " Specimens." In " An Anfwere to a Romifh Rime," &c, printed by Simon Stafford, 1602, is the follow- ing fong, faid to be probably of the time of Henry VIII. ("Cens. Liter." vol. viii. p. 368) : A MERRY SONG, AND A VERY SONG. Sofpitate pickt our purfe with Popifh illufio, Purgatory, fcala coeli, pardons cum jubilio, Pilgrimage gate, where idoles fate with all abominatio, Channon, fryers, common lyers, that filthy generatio, Nunnes puling, pretty puling, as cat in milke-pannio ; See what knaverie was in monkerie, and what fuperftitio ; Becking, belling, ducking, yelling, was their whole religio, And when women came unto them, few went fine filio, But * See A nc. Scottifh Poem s, Edinburgh, 1770, p. 35, and the notes thereto, where the editor fays that Dunbar's Dirge is a moft profane parody on the Romifh litany. 167 Maca- ronic Poetry i68 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry But Abbeyes all are non downe fall, Dei beneficio, And we doe pray, day by day, that all abominatio May come to defolatio. — Amen. There are a few Macaronicifms in a poem at the end of " Leland's Itinerary," vol. vi., being an account of a fight between the fcholars and townfmen at Oxford, February ioth, 1354, and two following days, begun at Swyndolneftock, or Swindleftock Tavern \ many of the former being there killed, for whofe death the town was afterwards punifhed. There are alfo fome in Coryat's " Odcombian Banquet," and in his " Crambe," or " Colwarts ; " likewife in the " Poems Lyrique, Macaronique, Heroique," &c, of Henry Bold of New College, Oxford, after- wards of the Examiner's Office in Chancery, publifhed 8vo, London, 1664. An amufing fpecimen is given in Percy's " Reliques " (vol. iii. p. 374), addreffed to a friend of Mr. John Grubb, of Chriffc Church, Oxford, urging him to print Mr. Grubb's poem, called " The Britilh Heroes, or the Second Part of St. George for England." It is Ihort enough to be inferted here : — Expojiulatiuncula live Qiierimoniimcula ad Antonium (Atkerton) ob Poema Jo/iannis Grubby Viri rov izaw ingenioffiffimi in lucem nondum editi. Toni ! Tune fines divina poemata Grubbi Intombed in fecret thus "ftill to remain any longer, Tovvofia aov fhall laft, £2 Tpv8j3e diafiirepec aei, ^ , , Macaronic Poetry. 169 Grubbe, tuum nomen vivet dum nobilis ale-a Efficit heroas, dignamque heroe puellam. Eft genus heroum, quos nobilis efficit ale-a, Qui pro niperkin clamant, quaternque liquoris, Quern vocitent Homines Brandy, Superi Cherry Brandy, Saepe illi long-cut, vel fmall-cut flare tobacco Sunt foliti pipos. Aft fi generofior herba (Per varios caufas, per tot difcrimine rerum) Mundungas defit, turn non funcare recufant Brown paper tofta, vel quod fit arundine bed-mat. Hie labor, hoc opus eft heroum afcendere fedes ! Aft ego quo rapiar ? quo me feret entheus ardor, Grubbi, tui memorem ? Divinum expande poema. Quae mora ? quae ratio eft, quin Grubbi protinus anfer Virgilii Flaccique fimul cantat inter olores ? Dr. William King, in the beginning of the laft century, publifhed a fatirical work on the fcientific proceedings of the Age, called " Ufe- ful Tranfactions in Philofophy, and other forts of learning." In one portion of this treatife, profeffing to be an account of " Meurfieus, his Book of the Plays of the Grecian Boys," he gives the following burlefque tranflation of ' Boys, boys, come out to play," as a quotation, from his Greek author : — KvfifiETe fxei(3oiec, Met/3o^f KVfj,fiere Txlaietv : Muvrj Loaoppirac $7}j3epet,, roira vovva diai, KvfifieTe cvv ovtto), aw lovdu KV[xfj.ere navlo), AevoETE ovmrepav, Meiftoieg, Aevaere (3e66ov, 2w tolc: KOfipaidvoiv evi aTprireaat 7rAaovrec. Drummond's. Maca- ronic Poetry 170 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Drummond's " Polemo-Middina," * is a well- known work, and its celebrity has no doubt been increafed from the circumftance of Bifhop Gibfon's having, in his earlier days, publifhed an edition with Latin notes (Oxford, 1691, 4to). William Drummond, poet, and alfo fomething of an hiftorian, was the fon of Sir John Drum- mond of Hawthornden; he was born in 1585, and died in 1649. His, the earlieft regular Britifh Macaronic poem, was probably written when Drummond was on a vifit to his brother- in-law, at Scotflarvet, and contains a ludicrous account of a battle between Lady Scotflarvet, under the title of Vitarva, and Lady Newbarns as Neberna, with their refpectiye dependants. There is an edition by Meffrs. Foulis of Glaf- gow, 1768 ; and it is alfo to be found in the collection hereafter mentioned, " Carminum ra- riorum Macaronicum delectus." It opens thus : — Nymphae, quae colitis highiffima monta Fifcea Seu vos Pittenwema tenent, feu Crelia, crofta Sive Anftraea domus, ubi nat haddocus in undis, Codlineufque ingens, et fleucca et fketta perrerant Per coftam et fcopulis Lobfter manifootus in undis Creepat et in mediis ludit Whitenius undis : Et vos Skipperii, foliti qui per mare breddum Valde procul lanchare foras, iterumque redire, Linquite * Midden, i. e. Dunghill Fight. Macaronic Poetry. 171 Linquite Skellatas botas, Shippafque picatas, Whiftlantefque fimul fechtam memorante bloodaeam, Fechtam terribilem, quam marvellaverat omnis Banda Deum, quoque Nympharum Cockelfhelearum, Maia ubi flieepifeda, et folgofifera Baffa * Swellant in pelago, cum Sol bootatus Edenum Poftabit radiis madidis et fhoutibus atris. Prefixed to Ruggles's capital jeu d'efprit " Ignoramus," one fcene of which will be found among the fpecimens toward the end of this volume, are thefe lines by Dulman : — IN LAUDEM IGNORAMI. Non inter plaios gallantos et bene gaios, Ell alter bookus defervat qui modo lookos, O Lector friendleie, tuos ; hunc buye libellum, Atque tibi wittum, tibi jeftaque plurima fellam. Hie eft lawyerus fimul hie eft undique clerus, Et Dulman merus (quod vis non credere verus); Hie multum Fxenchum quo poflis vincere wenchum ; Hie eft Latinum, quo poflis fumere vinum. Hunc bookum amamus, fimul hunc et jure profamus; Qui non buyamus, cuncti fumus Ignoramus. Ignoramus himfelf thus recites how he will endow his miftrefs, Rofabella. This is the mar- riage fettlement : — VERSUS LEGALES DE ROSABELLA. Ignoramus. Si poffem, vellem pro te, Rofa, ponere pellem ; Quicquid tu vis, crava, et habebis fingula brava ; Et Maca- ronic Poetry 172 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Et dabo fee fimple, fi monftras Love's pretty dimple, Gownos, filkcoatos, kirtellos et petticoatos, Farthingales biggos, ftomacheros et periwiggos, PantofHos, cuffos, garter os, Spanica ruffos, Bufkos et fuccos/tifanas, et Cambrica fmockos, Pimpillos, purfos, ad ludos ibis et urfos, {Anglice bear garden.) Ann on haec funt bona in lege. Rofabella. Euge, optima ! Among the Specimens will be found a fliort fcene from this play, containing a humorous burlefque of, the old Norman Law Latin, in which the elder brethren of that profeffion ufed to plead, and in which the old Reporters come down to the Bar of to-day ; if, indeed, that ven- erable abfurdity can be caricatured. It would be rather difficult to burlefque a fyftem that provided for a writ de pipa vini carrianda, i. But you may dacker if you doubt him. Addamus tamen hoc tantillum, Duntaxat noftrum hoc figillum, Huic teftimonio appenfum, Ad confirmandum ejus fenfum, Junclis chirographis cunclorum, Blyth, honeft, hearty fociorum. Dabamus at a large punch-bowl, Within our proper common fchool, The twenty-fixth day of November, Ten years, the date we may remember, After 214 Macaronic Poetry. Mac£- After the race of Sheriffmuir Poetry (Scotfmen will count from a black hour). Ab omni probo nunc fignetur, Qui denegabit extrudetur. FORMULA GRADUS DANDI. Eadem nos auctoritate, Reges memoriae beatae. Pontifices et papae laeti, Nam alii funt a nobis fpreti, Quam quondam nobis indulferunt, Quae privilegia femper erunt, Collegio noftro fafe and found, As long 's the earth and cups go round. Te Bogfaeum hie creamus, Statuimus et proclamamus, Artium Magiftrum et Doctorem, Si libet etiam Profefforem ; Tibique damus poteftatem Potandi ad hilaritatem, Ludendi porro et jocandi, Et mceftos vino medicandi, Ad rifum etiam fabulandi ; In promiffionis tuae fignum Caput, honore tanto dignum Hoc cyatho condecoramus,* Ut * Here he was crowned with the punch -bowl. Macaronic Poetry. 215 Ut tibi felix fit oramus ; • Praeterea in manum damus Hunc calicem, ex quo potamus, Spumantem generofo vino, Ut bibas more Palatine Sir, pull it off and on your thumb Cernamus fupernaculum, Ut fpecimen ingenii Pofl ftudia decennii. ( While he is drinking, the chorus Jings) En calicem fpumantem, Falerni epotantem • En calicem fpumantem, Io, io, io. (After he has drunk, and turned the glass on his thumb, they embrace him, and fmg again.} Laudamus hunc Doctorem, Et fidum compotorem ; Laudamus hunc Doctorem, Io, io, io. Maca- ronic Poetry Maca- ronic Poetry ODE PINDARICO-SAPPHICO-MACARONICA, IN CELEBERRIMI ET IMMACULATI VIRI GULIELMI PITTII, CETERORUMQUE GEORGII TERTII MAGNA BRI- TANNIA FRANCLE, ET HIBERNIA, NEC NON CORSICA REGIS, DIGNISSIMORUM MINIS- TRORUM LAUDEM. AUCTORE JODOCO COCAIO, MERLINI COCAII PRONEPOTE. MMA ! fer chartam, calamos, et inkum ! Mufa Merlini Cocaii, befriend me : Per Deos volo lepidum ac fononim Condere carmen. Volo Thebarum eximii Poetae Grande, divinum, fimulare fongum ; Lefbiae volo numeros puellae Jungere fuaves. Quem virum fumes, cithara Judsea Fiftula aut Scota celebrare diva Sportica ! Macaronic Poetry. Sportica ! ac qualem capiti coronam Ne&ere vis tu ? Aqua, without doubt very gooda thinga eft, Aurum et, inter divitias fuperbas Glifterans, fulget velut ignis ardens Nocle ferena\ Sed, my dear heart (fi libeat miniftros Dicere), ut nullum magis eft corufcum Sole fydus, cum vacuum per aether Solus Ue fhines forth : Sic, cave credas alium micare Regios inter celebres alumnos, Billio noftro celebratiorem, Orbe globofo. Quid prius dicam ? Pueri pudici Caftitatem num ? nive puriorem ? Vah, Venus ! non tarn glacialis Hecla Friget ut ille. Quodque plus rarum — abftinuiffe nunquam Pabulis lautis poculifve plenis Fertur \ et Baccho Cererique vota Daily refolvit. An 217 Maca- ronic Poetry 218 Macaronic Poetry. rVnic ^ n canam miram memoremque mentem Poetry Nulla quae forgets, meminiffe quorum Intereft ; quorum juvat oblivifci Nulla remembrat ! Larga verborum potius canenda Flumina ; ifludque eloquium bewitchans, Quo facrofan<5U patulas fenatus Fafcinat aures ! Cerne tercentos homines hiantes Hujus ad nutum fubito moveji Hue et illuc, juft veluti puparum Agmina muta ! Ille with eafe can facere alba nigra ; Rendere et lucem piceas tenebras Ille can ; rurfum piceas tenebras Rendere lucem ! a Qui queam magnam Juvenis fagacis Bella plannandi celebrare fkillem ? Totius terrae tremuere gentes Nomine Pitti ! Ille Rufforum intrepidam tyrannam Unico blafto tremefecit oris ! Unico Macaro7iic Poetry. 219 Unico geftu timidos Iberos Terruit omnes ! Maca- ronic Poetry Ille Gallorum impavidas catervas Certius certo Zabulo dediffet, Si bonas plannas bonus Imperator Executaffet. Interim tremblate, homines fcelefti ! Bella qui facris geritis monarchis ! Quis poteft Pitti fimul et Deorum Ferre furorem ? Billius, quam fit homo bellicofus Vidimus ; jam nunc videamus, alfo, Quomodo fifcum managet Britannum, Tempore pacis ? Ille — fed praeftat, puto, temperare Laudibus : — novit populus Britannus Quam leves taxas, tenue et tributum Pendimus — heigh, hoh ! Jurium nee eft magis imperitus : Criminum obfeuras, minim as et umbras Rite difcernit : — melius vel ipfe Non potuit Coke. Ille Maca- Hie faevorum infidias retexit RONIC Poetry Civium Regi exitium minantum ! Ille traytores draguit latentes Auram in apertam ! Ille, too, puff-plot, oculis acutis, Primus et unus valuit videre : Ah ! Georgi ! quam vigilem miniftrum Sors tibi donat ! Non, tamen, laudes aliis negandae Optimi Regis meritae miniftris : Stella plus ftella rutilat, fed omnis Stella refulget. Billio next is Boreale Sydus : Scotiae lumen, bonus Henericus ; Rofeus, pofl hunc, BpaSv-n-ovs Bootes, Scotus et ipfe. Proximus illi fapiens et audax Dux ducum, Regis moderans tonitru : Impio a Gallo nihil eft timendum, Sofpite Richmond. Subeunt, Regis moderans carinas Pervigil Chatham, moderanfque mentem Regiam, Macaronic Poetry. 221 Regiam, Scotus, fenior Sophiftes, Nomine notus. Hicce, 'tis true, was inimicus a?rdens Pittio et Pitti fociis, at one time ; Forfitan ardens iterum futurus Pitti inimicus. Tranfeat : — magnam video cohortem Bravium heroiim Jacobin a caftra Linquere, et noftris ducibus libenter Dedere dextras. Ecce ! Portlandus, furiofus olim Whiggus, Whiggorum caput ac verendum, . Billii blandis precibus Toraeus Flammeus eft nunc ! Ecce ! Mansfeldus, patiens laboris, Syllabas longas phrafeafque grandes Viribus magnis, validaque d extra Torquet in hoftem ! Ecce ! Windhamus, Xoyo7rw\(.ovruiv Primus — haud pridem populi patronus, Sponte converfus, populi querelas Cares not a fig for ! Caeteram Maca- ronic Poetry 222 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Caeteram turbam loyalem. atq ; amantem Regis, et Regis Pueri miniftri, Non opus multis celebrare verbis ; Nam -*- numeri funt. Mufa Merlini, fatis eft : fileto ! Emma, chartam, inkum, calamos repone ; Fer, puer, vinum cyathumque magnum : — Volo potare. — Dr. Geddes. Maca- ronic Poetry EPISTOLA MACARONICA AD FRATREM : DE IIS QU.E GESTA SUNT IN NUPERO DISSENTIENTIUM CONVENTU, LONDINI HABITO, PRID. ID. FEBR. 1790. EM magnam pofcis, Frater cariffime, cum vis Me tibi quod faid was, quod done was, quodque refolved was Noftro in conventu generali, cunque referre. Attamen I try will ; modo Macaronica Mufa Faverit, et fmoothos donarit condere verfus. Eft locus in London (Londini dicta Taberna) Infignis Celebris ; cives quo fsepe folemus Eatare, et drinkare — et difceptare aliquando ! Hlc una in Halla magnaque altaque, treceni Meetavere viri, ex diverfis nomine fectis : Hi quibus et cordi eft audacis dogma Socini, Hi quibus arrident potius dictamina Arii ; Hi, qui Calvini myfteria facra tuentur ; Hi quibus affixura eft a bibaptifmate nomen : All in a word qui fe oppreffos molt heavily cre- dunt Legibus injuftis, teft-oathibus atque profanis ! While high-church homines in pomp et luxury vivunt, Et placeas, poftas, mercedes, munia, grafpant. Hi 224 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Hi cuncti keen Wire ; fari aut pugnare parati Prifca pro caufa. Bravus Beaufoius heros Adfuit, et Sawbridge aufterus, et ater Adairi Vultus, Bourgoigni et frons pallida. Proximus illi Watfon grandiloquus ; pod hunc argutus Ief- fries Perdignus Chairman — et poft hunc Foxius ipfe; Foxius, eloquii noftro Demoflhenis asvo Unicus adfertor ; et libertatis amator Unicus ; et nondum venalis ! — Plaudite, Cives ! Plaudite magnanimum concivem ; plaudite ve- rum Humani juris ultorem ; et ducite plaufus Ter ternos, donee reboabunt voce columnar Nee taceam Milford, Hayward ; Brandhollis et ilium Cui Saxum eft-nomen,* fed cui non faxeus eft heart, Aut placidum Thornton, aut afperitate caren- tem Shore, aut folertem populum fufpendere nafo Toulmin, aut praedictum in facro codice Pay- neum ! f Quid * Mr. Stone of London Field. t This alludes to a gentleman's having, by way of joke, found in the name of John Auguftus Payne, the Apoca- lyptical number of Antichrift, 666. Macaronic Poetry. 225 Quid referam Cleri clariffima nomina ? Ree- fum, Lindfaeum, Kippis, confpicillifque Toerum Infignem, et (woe 's me !) violenta forte co- a6lum Belfhamum ; * niveo candentem pe6lore Difney ; Et Price, humani generis totius amicum. Non aderas, Prieftley ! — potior te cura tene- bat Rure, ubi, magna inter centum miracula rerum, Horflaei caput in rutilantia fulmina forgis ; Sulphuris et fatagis fubtilia grana parare, Church quibus, et church-men in caelum up- blowere poffis ; f Seo^imus ad ternas tabulas longo ordine pof- tas, Et mappis mundi coveratas, et china-plattis, Spoonibus, et knivis fharpis, furcifque trifulcis Stratas : cum largis glaffis, vinoque repletis Bottellis, faltis, vinegarique cruetis. Tandem Caupo ipfus, magna comitante ca- terva Servorum, intravit laetus, recteque catinos Depofuit lautos et magni ponderis. — Inde Surrexit Myftes, palmifque oculifque levatis Ad ccelos, numen votis precibufque rogavit Maca- ronic Poetry Ut * Mr. Belfliam is a ftrong neceffarian. t See his Letter to Mr. Pitt. 15 226 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Ut nobis noftrifque epulis benedicere vellet. Extemplo coveris fublatis, atque retectis Viandis calidis, omnes apprendimus arma ; Impetu et unanimi proftrata in fercula fertur. Quam vehemens onfet, ftrages quamque exi- tiales, O Mufa, edidimus \ tu dicere fola valebis. Die, firft, quas acies e contra inftruxerit hoftis. Bos ingens, pinguis, torvus ; qui fronte mi- naci Cocknaeos olim timidos frightaverat omnes : Nunc butcherorum manibus, flammaque fub- adhis, Nulli eft terribilis ; facilem praebetque tri- umphum Imbelli cuivis fartori, shoemakerove ! Hunc fimul aggreffi fex fortes Cheapfideani (Talibus adfueti pugnis) in fruftula liafhant. Huic bini vituli fubjuncli ; nulla dedere Valoris figna aut mugitus tP TV "Tr When nox gives way to lux of morning, — Albam terram much adorning, — Up they jump to fee the varmen, Of the which this is the carmen. Lo ! poffum eft refurre6lum ! Ecce pueri dejeclum. Ne relinquit track behind him, Et the pueri never find him. Cruel poffum ! beftia vileft, How the pueros thou beguileft ; Pueri think non plus of Caefar, Go ad Orcum, Shalmanefer, Take your laurels, cum the honor, Since ifta poffum is a goner ! — Anonymous. Maca- ronic Poetry Maca- ronic A TREATISE ON WINE. The beft tree, if ye take intent, Poetry J nter lig na fru&ifera, Is the vine tree by good argument, Dulcia ferens pondera. Saint Luke faith in his Gofpel Arbor fructu nofcitur, The vine beareth wine as I you tell, Hinc aliis praeponitur. The firft that planted the vineyard Manet in coeli gaudio, His name was Noe, as I am learned Genefis teftimonio. God gave unto him knowledge and wit, A quo procedunt omnia, Firft of the grape wine for to get, Propter magna myfteria. The firft miracle that Jefus did, Erat in vino rubeo, In Cana of Galilee it betide Teftante Evangelio. He Macaronic Poetry. He changed water into wine Aquae rubefcunt hydriae, And bade give it to Archetcline, Ut guftet tunc primarie. Like as the rofe exceedeth all flowers, Inter cuncta florigera, So doth wine all other liquors, Dans multa falutifera. David, the prophet, faith that wine Laetificat cor hominis, It maketh men merry if it be fine, Eft ergo digni nominis. It nourifheth age if it be good, Facit ut effet juvenis, It gendereth in us gentle blood, Nam venas purgat fanguinis. By all thefe caufes, ye mould think Quae funt rationabiles, That good wine mould be the beft of drink, Inter potus potabiles. Wine drinkers all, with great honor, Semper laudate Dominum, The 285 Maca- ronic Poetry / 286 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- The which fendeth the good liquor Poetry Propter falutem hominum. Plenty to all that love good wine Donet Deus largius, And bring them fome when they go hence, Ubi non fitient amplius. — Richard Hilles, 1535. AM RHEIN. Oh the Rhine, the Rhine, the Rhine — Comme c'eft beau ! wie fchon, che bello ! He who quaffs thy Luft and Wein, Morbleu ! is a lucky fellow. How I love thy rufhing ftreams, Groves and am and burch and hazel, From Schaffhaufen's rainbow beams Jusqu'a l'echo d'Oberwefel ! O, que j'aime thy Briichen, when The crammed Dampfschiff gayly paffes ! Love the bronzed pipes of thy men, And the bronzed cheeks of thy laffes ! Maca- ronic Poetry Oh ! que j'aime the " oui," the "bah/' From the motley crowd that flow, With the univerfal "ja," And the Allgemeine " fo ! " — Gfeanings for the Curious. Maca- ronic Poetry TO A FRIEND AT PARTING. I often wifhed I had a friend, Dem ich mich anvertrauen konnt, A friend in whom I could confide, Der mit mir theilte Freud und Leid ; Had I the riches of Girard — Ich theilte mit ihm Haus und Heerd : For what is gold ? 'Tis but a pafling metal, Der Henker hoi' fur mich den ganzen Bettel. Could I purchafe the world to live in it alone, Ich gab', dafiir nich eine noble Bohn' ; I thought one time in you I'd find that friend, Und glaubte fchon mein Sehnen hat ein End ; Alas ! your friendlhip lafted but in fight, Doch meine grenzet an die Ewigkeit. — Gleanings for the Curious. piig!!i!P» iiI!iilMi»ll^ AD PROFESSOREM LINGUAE GERMANICS. O why now fprechen Sie Deutfch ? What pleafure fay can Sie haben ? You cannot imagine how much You bother unfortunate Knaben. Liebfter Freund ! give beffere work, Nicht fo hard, ein kurtzerer leffon, O then we will nicht try to mirk Und unfer will gaben Sie bleffrn'. O, afk us nicht now to decline " Meines Bruders groffere Haufer ; " " Die Faffer " of " alt rother Wein " Can give us no poffible joy, fir. Der Miiller may tragen ein Rock Eat fchwartz Brod und dem Kaf e, Die Gans may be hangen on hoch. But what can it matter to me, fir ? Return zu Ihr own native tongue, Leave Deutfch und Sauer Kraut to the Dutchmen ; And feek not to teach to the young The Sprache belonging to fuch men. 19 Und Maca- ronic Poetry 290 Macaronic Poetry. Maca- ronic Poetry Und now 'tis my folemn belief That if you nicht grant this petition, Sie muft fchreiben mein Vater ein Brief, To fay that ich hab' ein " Condition." — Ein Armer Sckuler, in " Yale Courant. " ICH BIN DEIN." In tempus old a hero lived, Qui loved puellas deux ; He ne pouvait pas quite to fay Which one amabat mieux. Maca- ronic Poetry Dit-il lui-meme, un beau matin, " Non poffum both avoir, Sed fi addrefs Amanda Ann, Then Kate and I have war." Amanda habet argent coin, Sed Kate has aureas curls : Et both funt very dyaOa f Et quite formofa girls." Enfin, the youthful anthropos,