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Ki^lNTS^S 
 
 HER 
 
 Resources and Developments 
 
 OR THE 
 
 KANSAS PILOT 
 
 GIVING A DIRECT ROAD TO 
 
 noi^Es ■wa:E^ E3^Eii^i^BonD"sr 
 
 ALSO 
 
 THE EFFECT OF LATITUDES ON LIFE LOCATIONS, WITH IMPORT- 
 ANT FACTS FOR ALL EUROPEAN EMIGRANTS 
 
 BY WAYNE GEISWOLD, M. D. 
 
 CINCINNATI J 
 laOBEIRT CXiA.E.K:B &c CO 
 
 1871 
 
Entered according to Act of Congress, 
 In the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, 
 
 By WAYNE GRISWOLD. 
 In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 ; 6 c 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Preface v 
 
 Introduction vii 
 
 Kansas — Area, Position, and Resources 9 
 
 Eivers, Timber, and Coal 15 
 
 Soil, Culture, and Crops 17 
 
 Fruits 20 
 
 Stock 24 
 
 Cities and Towns 27 
 
 Atchison, 29; Lawrence, 29; Topeka, 30; Junction City, 32; Abi- 
 lene, 33; Salina, 33; Emporia, 34; Burlington, 34; Baxter 
 Springs, 35; Columbus, 36; Crawford, 36; Fort Scott, 36; 
 Mound City, Paola, Olathe, 37; Ottawa, 37; Garnett, 37; 
 Eureka, 37; Chetopa, 38; El Dorado, 38; Oswego, Canville, 
 Humboldt, lola, 38; Burlingame, 38. 
 
 Railroads 39 
 
 Stage Companies and Staging 43 
 
 Immigration and Speculation 45 
 
 Schools, Colleges, and Churches 47 
 
 Health and Sanitary Prospects 49 
 
 General Character of the People and Future Prospects of Kansas... 51 
 
 Eflfect of Latitude 54 
 
 General Invitation 56 
 
 Roads to Kansas 59 
 
iv Contents. 
 
 Counties of Kansas , 62 
 
 Leavenworth, 62; Douglas, 63; Jefferson, 64; Shawnee, 64; Jack- 
 son, 65; Pottowatomie, 65; Wabaunsee, 66; Riley, 66; Davis, 
 66; Dickinson, 67; Clay, 67; Saline, 67; Ottawa, 69; Cloud, 69; 
 Eepublic, 69; Rice, 69; McPherson, 69; Ellsworth, 70; Russell, 
 Ellis, Trego, 70; Marion, 70; Morris, 70; Lyon, 70; Chase, 71; 
 Osage, 71; Coffey, 71; Woodson, 72; Allen, 72; Greenwood, 72; 
 Butler, 73; Neosho, 73; Wilson, 74; Labette, 74; Montgomery, 
 74; Howard, 75; Cowley, Y5; Sumner, 76 ; Sedgwick, 77; Har- 
 per, 77; Johnson, 77; Miami, 77; Linn, 78; Bourbon, 78; Craw- 
 ford, 79; Cherokee, 79; Franklin, 80; Anderson, 80; Wyan- 
 dotte, 81; Atchison, 81; Brown, 82; Nemaha, 82; Marshall, 83; 
 Washington, 83; Doniphan, 83. 
 
 Kansas for European Emigrants 85 
 
 Population of Kansas 90 
 
 Average Rain Fall 92 
 
 Pre-emption and Homestead Act 93 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 In giving a general and local description of Kansas, 
 some repetition will be found, especially in the articles 
 on cities, towns, and county seats. 
 
 Most of these sketches and notes were gathered in 
 rambling over the State. Statistics are taken from cor- 
 rect sources. Some errors may occur. Many more in- 
 teresting items connected with Kansas might be given, 
 and we may improve upon them at some future day. 
 Numerous small towns, not described for want of room, 
 are springing up all over the State. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Kansas! How often we have heard this name in the 
 last few years! It has rung through all the land and 
 over the^world; it ha^ been on millions of tongues. 
 Many have attempted to tell her story, to draw her 
 daguerreotype, to portray her present and future; but all 
 descriptions fall below the standard. The plainest and 
 most simple history you can write of Kansas would 
 seem incredible to most people. We must look upon 
 Kansas, with all that has been written and said about 
 her, as a mere infant, only ten years old as a State, and 
 sixteen from her territorial organization. Within a few 
 years, the Indian and buffalo held undisputed sway 
 over the entire State. Not many years have passed 
 since the traveler to Sante Fe and California, when he 
 left the banks of the Missouri, bid farewell to civiliza- 
 tion and all of its comforts for a far-reaching journey 
 among wild men and beasts. Who can comprehend the 
 fact, that a State should have grown up in so short a 
 time which contains already five hundred thousand 
 
VI 
 
 Introduction. 
 
 inhabitants, with improvements so vast and rapid that 
 the nation and the world look on with utter amaze- 
 ment? 
 
 That all may have a fair and impartial history of this 
 growing State, its present condition and future pros- 
 pects, especially the eastern half, I have prepared, and 
 present to the public, the Kansas Pilot, or the direct 
 road to a good home for all who wish to get one. It 
 comprises a concise history of the State, and a particu- 
 lar description of two hundred miles square of Eastern 
 Kansas, by counties, with various routes to reach them, 
 and the chances for land, lots, and homes, with some 
 pictorial scenes of improvements and business. The 
 object of this history is to post every one about Kan- 
 sas — where to go, what to do, where to buy, where to 
 get homes, or make money, invest in land, town prop- 
 erty, timber, minerals, or water powers. This little 
 work will give any one more information about Kansas, 
 for fifty cents, than they would learn for one hundred 
 dollars in traveling over the State. 
 
KANSAS. 
 
 Area^ Position^ and Resources, 
 
 .-/^C-M^ 
 
 This State is over four hundred miles long and tTro 
 hundred miles wide, containing eighty-one thousand square 
 miles, and over fifty-two million acres of land. It lies 
 between latitude thirty-seven and forty north, and between 
 longitude ninety-four and one hundred and two west. It 
 is bounded on the east by Missouri, on the north by 
 Nebraska, on the west by Colorado, and on the south by 
 the Indian Territory. The latitude of this State— lying 
 between thirty-seven and forty — gives it the finest climate 
 in the world. It is neither too far south or north. Kansas 
 is the great central State of the American Union — about 
 equal distance from ocean to ocean, and from lakes to 
 gulf, or from British possessions to Mexico. Not less than 
 three continental railroads will cross Kansas from east to 
 west, and as many more from north to south. Its central 
 position is such that most of the great continental improve- 
 ments must cross the State, and in the future pay tribute to 
 her. 
 
10 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 The area of Kansas comprises a vast elevated plain, 
 interspersed with numerous streams lined with timber, and 
 rich valley land with vast undulating or rolling prairies 
 between, with some rocky bluffs. But little more than one 
 half of this State is yet surveyed. About ten million acres 
 have been given by the General Government to raih'oads, 
 schools, colleges, and to the State. 
 
 Already this infant State numbers nearly five hundred 
 thousand inhabitants, and will soon reach one million. 
 
 Minerals are abundant, especially stone, coal, salt, and 
 gypsum. The soil is almost universally rich, especially in 
 all the eastern part of the State for two hundred miles up. 
 It produces immense native crops of prairie grass, and, as 
 far as it has been cultivated, it equals any State in the 
 Union for the production of fruit, vegetables, and grain of 
 all kinds. On her various streams are numerous water 
 powers which, at some future day, will move a vast amount 
 of machinery. If we take two hundred miles square of 
 the eastern part of Kansas, comprising forty thousand square 
 miles, or over twenty-five million acres of land, it will sur- 
 pass any equal amount of continuous territory on the globe. 
 In all this vast body of land there is little but what is good. 
 All the choicest gifts which nature bestows, in land, to 
 make a country desirable for homes, for the production of 
 wealth, and all the comforts of life, are found here. Beyond, 
 in Western Kansas, vast prairies, clothed with buffalo grass, 
 stretch out for hundreds of miles, where vast herds of 
 bufi'alo and wild horses roam undisturbed except by the 
 crack of the rifle or the shrill whistle of the locomotive. All 
 of these far-stretching prairies are interspersed with streams 
 of various sizes, some extending for hundreds of miles, 
 lined with timber and rich valley land. Various minerals 
 of great value sleep undisturbed under this vast territory. 
 
Of Kansas. 1 1 
 
 Some future day this vast region, like the plains of Texas, 
 will become the center of immense stock production. 
 
 Two hundred miles square of Eastern Kansas is as much 
 as we need to deal with at present. Here, the emigrant, 
 the speculator, the resident, and all interested for homes 
 or fortunes in Kansas, will find everything that nature could 
 combine, or human genius develop, to lay the foundation 
 for an empire, that will in the future attract the wonder 
 and admiration of the whole civilized world. Great States 
 have grown up in the American Union, millions of splendid 
 homes and vast fortunes have been made, but no previous 
 State has ever presented the chance for homes and fortunes 
 with Eastern Kansas. Here are twenty-five million acres 
 of the richest land in the world ; no similar tract can be 
 found on the face of the globe. 
 
 The fertility of soil, the capacity for production, the 
 water, minerals, timber, latitude, and climate, with every 
 gift which nature could provide to promote the happiness 
 and prosperity of human population, are unparalleled. 
 This great prize is open to the world. !N"ot one-tenth of it 
 is yet taken up. Millions of homes yet remain so cheap 
 that anybody can get one. Towns and cities are springing 
 up in every direction, and there is still room for plenty more. 
 Railroads are developed rapidly. A vast number of new 
 homes and fine farms are constantly taken up, and soon sur- 
 rounded with all the comforts of older States. 
 
 Population, trade, travel, speculation, and business of all 
 kinds is increasing rapidly. School houses, seminaries, 
 colleges, and churches keep time to the music of the ad- 
 vancing population. "When we reflect upon the capacity of 
 this vast area for production, when brought under the high 
 cultivation of some of the older States — the fruit, vege- 
 tables, grain, grass, and stock that will be annually produced 
 
12 (Resources and developments 
 
 — the commerce and manufacturing that will be developed 
 — the vast growth of towns and cities — the wonderful im- 
 provements in the physical, moral, and intellectual condition 
 of the people — the growth of population, wealth, and all the 
 luxuries of life, as they will surely come in the future develop- 
 ment of Kansas — we are lost in utter amazement as the great 
 prize looms up before us! Hundreds of thousands of happy 
 homes, vast treasures, unlimited amount of commerce, 
 manufactories and trade, great cities and elegant towns, 
 railroads reaching to every part, all improvements in the 
 mechanical arts that science and ingenuity can invent, all 
 the means of cultivating the intellectual and moral powers, 
 all the fortunes, and comforts, and luxuries of a vast popu- 
 lation are contained in this grand prize ! No such mag- 
 nificent chance was ever presented to the world before, and 
 never will be again, as this is the last great State, contain- 
 ing such vast quantities of good land, to fill up, especially 
 in a favorable latitude like Kansas, to promote the highest 
 development and prosperity of the human family. Who will 
 take a chance for his share? It is no doubtful matter; every 
 one can draw a prize. It is just as certain as that two and 
 two make four to all who exercise ordinary judgment. 
 Any person can get a splendid, but cheap home, in Kansas. 
 Whoever makes a fair investment in Kansas, at the present 
 low rates, and bides his time or improves his home, is cer- 
 tain to make money. The world never presented a more 
 favorable field for homes and money, and I doubt whether 
 it ever will again. For emigrants and all who wish for 
 homes where honest industry will make them independent, 
 and those who wish to build up a great State, here is the 
 place. 
 
 For all who wish to engage in business, to invest, to buy 
 and sell, and get gain, a wide field opens. The speculators or 
 
Of Kansas. ■ 13 
 
 capitalists never had a better chance ; great opportunities 
 present themselves in land, town or city property, or stock. 
 Everything is cheap at present. Her tax list is yet small, 
 but in less than twenty years it will contain more than 
 twelve hundred million dollars, and the State more than two 
 million inhabitants. What untold millions are to be made? 
 "Who is to get the vast amount of money that the develop- 
 ment of values in Kansas will make in the next fifteen 
 years ? The amount is immense ; the fortunes to be made 
 innumerable; countless homes for every emigrant and all 
 persons who wish to get one. If thousands of the hardy sons 
 of toil, who are working their lives out for a mere pittance 
 on the sterile lands of Europe, New England, New York, 
 Pennsylvania, and Canada, could be transported to the pro- 
 ductive lands of Kansas, they would all get rich on one half of 
 the labor they perform where they are. The fertile soil, the 
 genial climate, the favorable latitude, all combine to give 
 twice the amount of production to the same amount of 
 labor in Kansas over many of the old States and nations. 
 The true statesmanship of the age in which we live, is to 
 prepare the way, and transfer populations from the sterile, 
 exhausted, over-populous countries to the rich productive 
 lands of our great West. It is one of the potent engines of 
 the age to stimulate production and all moral and material 
 improvement. It is the great equalizer and elevator of 
 human conditions, carrying in its track untold blessings to 
 a vast number of the human family. 
 
 The heart aches, as you tramp from county to county 
 over the vast regions of Kansas, and behold millions of 
 acres of the richest land in the world lying idle and uncul- 
 tivated, that requires only to be tickled by the hand of the 
 husbandman to produce immense crops. Millions, in other 
 parts of the country and the world, are wearing out their 
 
^4 
 
 (Resources and developments 
 
 lives ia perpetual toil for a most scanty living, many of 
 them even fearing starvation, when, if they could only be 
 planted in Kansas, peace, happiness, and abundance would 
 soon crown their labors, and the State and the nation would 
 receive the advantage of thousands of new and happy 
 homes. 
 
 [Bids Farewell to Kansas.] 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 ^5 
 
 Rivers^ Timber., and Coal. 
 
 ^^MS^fr::.?i5ss 
 
 Whoever looks over the map of Kansas, or travels to any- 
 great extent within her borders, will see at once that few 
 States have more numerous streams. She has a variety of 
 rivers and creeks, of various sizes and lengths; some slow, 
 sluggish, muddy — some rapid and clear. Along some of her 
 streams are fine water powers. Most of her rivers and 
 creeks run in deep channels, and they seldom overflow their 
 banks so as to injure crops, unless in very high floods. This 
 great multiplication of streams in Kansas gives a vast pro- 
 portion of rich valley land. Along all her streams of any 
 size is a fine growth of timber, of greater or lesser extent. 
 Oak, black walnut, cottonwood, and various other kinds 
 grow very large and thrifty on all the large streams. In 
 addition to natural timber, many farmers commenced the 
 cultivation of timber, which grows with great rapidity. The 
 natural and cultivated timber, together with the vast quan- 
 tity that will spring up spontaneously, just as soon as the 
 prairies are cultivated so as to check the extensive fires in 
 burning grass, will supply the State in future with plenty of 
 
i6 Ckesources and (Developments 
 
 wood, fencing, and timber. In a great part of Kansas thej 
 need no wood, as coal is found in abundance. In many 
 counties it is so universal and plenty that all the farmers 
 will have ther fuel directly under their farms, and yet the 
 land over most of these vast coal banks is as iine as any in 
 the State. Missouri river, on the east, has a vast amount 
 of steam travel, navigation, and commerce. 
 
 The Kansas river, one of the largest in the State, runs 
 through the center, and a splendid, rich valley lines the 
 whole distance. The Republic, Saline, Solomon, and Smoky 
 Hill Fork, extensive rivers, lined by fertile valleys and tim- 
 ber, with a variety of creeks, such as Gypsum, Mulberry, 
 and Saline, all unite to form the Kansas. There are numer- 
 ous valuable water powers on these streams. The Neosho, 
 extending from near Junction Cit}^, through a rich and 
 well-timbered valley, down into the Indian country, has 
 numerous branches, and a great variety of valuable water 
 power, which will move a vast amount of machinery in a 
 few years. Spring river, in the southeast part of the State, 
 is one of the finest streams in Kansas. The water is as clear 
 as crystal. This stream, with Shoal creek, has numerous 
 fine water powers. There are many fine sites for mills and 
 factories. The Arkansas, in its long, circuitous race of 
 waters, travels for a great distance in Kansas, drinking up 
 a great number of smaller streams. Big Blue, Grasshopper, 
 Verdigris, Cottonwood, Osage, and many other smaller 
 rivers, are fine streams, lined by rich valleys, timber, and 
 good water powers. No one who examines the great va- 
 riety of rivers and creeks in Kansas, can doubt that the 
 State has the full average fall of water. 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 ^7 
 
 Soil^ Culture^ and Crops, 
 
 Kansas lias undoubtedly a vastly greater proportion of 
 rich soil to tlie bad, good land to the poor or waste, 
 than any State in the Union, unless you consider the vast 
 plains of Western Kansas useless ; but they will no doubt, 
 at no distant day, exchange the vast herds of bufialo that 
 roam over them now for immense flocks of cattle and 
 sheep, which will become a valuable production to the 
 State. The immense growth of prairie grass, in all parts 
 of the State, not only proves a rich soil, but its wonderful 
 power of production ; so no one need wonder that the In- 
 dian and the buffalo dislike to surrender the broad prairies 
 of Kansas to the doniiniou of civilization and Christianity. 
 The broad bottom lands, along all the streams of the State, 
 will compare favorably with those of any other State, and 
 the prairie lands, so vast in extent, are thought superior to 
 those of Iowa and Illinois. As far as the soil of Kansas 
 has been cultivated, its capacity for production stands un- 
 rivaled. Statistics show it equal to any State. That there 
 may have been drawbacks, incident to all new countries, 
 
i8 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 we have no doubt. It was so with the Puritans around 
 Plymouth Pock; it was so with the early settlement of 
 Virginia and Ohio ; in Illinois and Iowa. There were com- 
 plaints of droughts and floods, of frosts and winds, of 
 grasshoppers, bugs, squirrels, grubs, etc. So it has been 
 with Kansas, and in the face of all the cry about droughts 
 in Kansas, that they were so universal and constant that 
 nothing could be raised, I have seen more rain, I am cer- 
 tain, in seven weeks' travel in the State, than I ever wit- 
 nessed in the same length of time in my life ; and in traveling 
 thousands of miles in difterent parts of the State, visiting 
 most of the cultivated portions, I have not witnessed bet- 
 ter crops in any part of the country. "Winter wheat and 
 spring wheat are very promising, vegetables plenty and 
 good, and the corn looks as well as it does in Missouri, 
 Illinois, and Indiana. It is much larger and bids fair to 
 make a greater crop. Everything in the State would indi- 
 cate to the traveler not only a rich, fertile soil, but capable, 
 under proper cultivation, of producing crops equal to those 
 of Ohio or Illinois. 
 
 IMPORTANT FACTS ON THE AVERAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME OF 
 THE PRINCIPAL STATES. 
 
 The harvest of 1869 gave Kansas a yield of 20 per cent. 
 in average excess in corn, wheat, rye, oats, barley, buck- 
 wheat, potatoes, and hay, over the following States : Iowa, 
 Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, "Wisconsin, Indiana, Ohio, 
 Michigan, Missouri, Illinois, and ITew York. 
 
 During the six years, ending with 1867, the average in 
 the above States was as follows : 
 
Of Kansas, 
 
 ^9 
 
 Corn. — Kansas, 37; the other States between that and 
 30, the lowest being JSTew York. 
 
 Wheat. — Kansas, 17 ; the other States between that and 
 11, the lowest being Ohio. 
 
 Rye. — Kansas, 22; the other States between that and 13, 
 the lowest being Ohio. 
 
 Oats. — Iowa, Wisconsin, and Kansas were ahead, and 
 Indiana last. 
 
 Barley. — Kansas, 28; the other States between that and 
 22, the lowest being Massachusetts. 
 
 Buckwheat. — Kansas, 28 ; the other States between that 
 and 17, four being at the latter figure. 
 
 Potatoes. — Massachusetts and Wisconsin the highest, 
 and Ohio the lowest. 
 
 Hay. — Kansas the highest, and Massachusetts the lowest. 
 
20 
 
 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 Fruits of Kansas, 
 
 No State in the Union, of equal age, surpasses Kansas 
 for tlie production of fruit, or in soil and climate is better 
 adapted to its growth. It will, at no distant day, surpass 
 every State in the American Union. It has already taken 
 the highest premium at a National Pomological Fair. Con- 
 sidering the great effort that has been made, in many of 
 the older States, to improve the varieties and quality of 
 apples and other fruits, this premium, in a national strug- 
 gle, tells the future of this State for fruit. 
 
 "We give the opinions of reporters who attended the Po- 
 mological Congress at Philadelphia, and witnessed the 
 general display of fruits from all the States represented. 
 
Of Kansas. 21 
 
 The Topeka Commonwealth says : 
 
 "The State of Kansas carried ofi' the gold medal of the 
 Society as a special mention for the largest display of fine 
 fruits — one hundred and twenty varieties of apples, twenty- 
 five of pears, and six of grapes. When we reflect that 
 every section of the country was represented, and that the 
 finest fruits, from orchards subjected to the culture and ex- 
 periments of many years, were on exhibition, we may well 
 felicitate ourselves upon the signal triumph our young 
 State has won." 
 
 One of the Washington city papers says: 
 
 " The apples of Kansas surpass, in fair appearance and 
 size, everything of the kind we have ever seen produced 
 this side of California. One can hardly recognize the 
 Rhode Island Greening, the Fall Pippin, Northern Spy, 
 Russet, or Ribstone Pippin, from their extraordinary size 
 and beauty. We miss the highly perfumed, delicious and 
 favorite Baldwin, of Massachusetts; but their equally 
 famous Roxbury Russet is shown of twice its usual size at 
 the North. They will all be on exhibition at the Agricul- 
 tural Department for several days, and are well worth a 
 visit from our citizens." 
 
 The New York World reports from Philadelphia : 
 "Kansas has done herself honor in the exhibition of 
 fruits. There are no finer apples or pears than those on 
 the large table above which the name of this State is 
 wrought in evergreen. The delegates from Kansas, though 
 they have been silent on the floor, worked enthusiastically 
 about the fair. The Legislature made an appropriation 
 specially for the purpose, which shows good sense that is 
 creditable to a young government. The money is well 
 
22 Resources aud developments 
 
 spent, and will bring in a worthy return, for these noble 
 fruits are an enticing manifesto, and will send more than 
 one horticulturist out there to live. The pears are richly 
 colored as well as large ; and the apples ! — well, if you 
 could see the Gloria Mundi specimens, you'd think of 
 ordering a few dozen for winter supply. You wouldn't 
 need more. ' They must buy apples by avoirdupois in 
 Kansas.' The old apples have returned to something of 
 their first quality on the new soil of the "West. The 
 golden Porter and juicy Smokehouse apples have taken a 
 new lease of popularity. The peaches are models of 
 beauty — dusky red, evenly shaded, and the white ones 
 are a standing temptation to people who know the delicate 
 sweetness under those sunless complexions. Kansas can 
 go in on the fruit question. The pears are exhausting to 
 look at ; they are so large that delicate women would hesi- 
 tate to eat them, just as they shrink from immense country 
 biscuit." 
 
 It is not merely the attention which the people of 
 Kansas have devoted to fruit culture that has made this 
 young State so famous, but also her remarkable soil 
 and climate and their peculiar adaptation to the growth 
 of fruits. Young as Kansas is in years, numerous thrifty 
 orchards of apple, peach, and various other fruit trees 
 are seen among her settlements in many counties. It 
 requires but little care or labor to raise fruit in any part 
 of the State. It matures rapidly when started, and pro- 
 duces abundantly. Grapes do finely, and in the future Kan- 
 sas will become a large wine-producing State. Apples, 
 peaches, and many other fruits will be grown in great 
 abundance for consumption and transportation. No fruit 
 can be found more delicious than the vast quantities of 
 
Of Kansas, 2^ 
 
 native strawberries that fill the prairies of Kansas in June. 
 Like most other kinds, they seem to grow larger and 
 more delicious than in most States. There are few pro- 
 ductions that add more to the real pleasure and harmony 
 of life, or even to health, than plenty of all the choice 
 fruits. For this great blessing, no State can surpass the 
 future prospects of Kansas. It is an important item to be 
 considered by all in selecting locations for life, or in mak- 
 ing land investments, for nothing adds more to substantial 
 comfort, or value, in life locations, than soil and climate 
 adapted to the growth of all kinds of fruits, as well as 
 grain. Such is the nature of Kansas, giving it a great 
 preference over States less favorably situated. 
 
 Few States have more delicious native fruit than Kan&as, 
 proving a fine soil and climate for fruit. Grapes, pawpaws, 
 plums, gooseberries, as well as strawberries, are very fine. 
 
^4 
 
 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 Slock, 
 
 The means of feeding stock are so abundant in all parts 
 of Kansas that it costs little to raise cattle, horses, or sheep, 
 in comparison to what it does in some of the older States. 
 The consequence is, it will become one of the finest stock 
 countries in the world. They have all the natural resources 
 to make it so. Already numerous stock farms are opened, 
 where the improved breeds are cultivated with all the care 
 for fine stock you see in Kentucky or Ohio, and it is only 
 a question of time when Kansas becomes one of the 
 greatest stock-raising States in the Union. Sheep, cattle, 
 and horses can be raised so cheap that it will be the most 
 lucrative business any farmer can engage in. The native 
 stock form only a part of the cattle trade in Kansas. 
 
 The great stock trade of Kansas will be in Texas cattle. 
 Already it is growing into an immense business. Texas pro- 
 duces more cattle now than the four great States — Ohio, 
 
Of Kansas. 2^ 
 
 [Texas Oxen.] 
 
 Indiana, Illinois, and Iowa. A large proportion of these 
 cattle will be driven up to Kansas for sale. Few people, 
 who have not witnessed the vast droves of Texas cattle 
 constantly driven up to this State to herd or sell, can re- 
 alize the magnitude of the trade. During the past year 
 more than one hundred and twenty-five thousand head 
 have arrived for sale and shipment at Baxter Springs, 
 where thej^ reach the Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad. They 
 can also reach the Neosho Valley road at Chetopah or be- 
 low. During the same time, nearly two hundred thousand 
 have reached Saline, Dickinson, and Riley counties for 
 shipment on the Kansas Pacific at Salina, Abilene, and 
 Junction City, most of them from Abilene; some driVe 
 up through the State to ISTebraska, and sell or ship from 
 there. Many cattle, of all ages, are bought by the stock 
 men of Kansas, and kept for future growth and sale ; so 
 many that it has become a vast and profitable business. 
 Any man who understands how to trade and manage 
 stock can go into Cherokee, Labette, or most any of the 
 counties in Southern Kansas, or up into Saline, Ottawa, or 
 Dickinson, get them a good farm for herding cattle, and can 
 buy, herd, and sell Texas cattle, and make a fortune in a 
 few years. The eastern part of the State will soon be all 
 taken up for agricultural purposes, and the great trade 
 
26 
 
 (kesources and (Developments 
 
 in Texas cattle will concentrate on the southern line of 
 the State, or in the western part. Stock growers in Texas 
 will prefer to drive up through the Indian Territory, even 
 after railroads reach the State, as it will be much more 
 healthy for the stock, and grazing will cost little from the 
 Indians. 
 
 Baxter Springs, from its favorable location, near the 
 Indian Territory, and convenience for water, grazing, and 
 railroads — the Gulf road being already finished there ; the 
 Southwest Pacific, direct to St. Louis, will soon connect 
 with Baxter, and the Straight Line Pacific, from St. Louis, 
 west on the old Benton meridian, will, undoubtedly, run a 
 branch to Baxter, as it would secure them more business 
 than any part of their road, and give to a rich section of 
 country railroad facilities that have none now — will, in the 
 future, become the great cattle market of the country. 
 Large slaughtering houses will, no doubt, be built at this 
 place soon, and here dealers in Texas cattle, whether 
 growers, grazers, buyers, sellers, purchasers, or speculators, 
 will congregate. Great numbers have been here during 
 the past year, and they are increasing rapidly. 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 27 
 
 Cities and Towns, 
 
 
 
 '-y^i 
 
 
 [Kansas Avenue, Topeka.] 
 
 In traveling through Kansas, and mingling with the 
 people of her various cities and towns, one must form their 
 own opinion of soil, values, and future prospects, from what 
 he sees, or by comparing with towns in older States, for he 
 will find in nearly every town in the State that they expect, 
 if you believe what you hear, that they are to become great 
 cities; that th«y have just the place to become a great rail- 
 road and manufacturing center. Even in many county 
 seats, where they have no city or county buildings, and 
 where nine-tenths of the land of the county is yet in a 
 state of nature, they will talk of future greatness and put 
 up property to fabulous prices, even where they have no 
 prospects of making any more than an ordinary county 
 
28 (Resources and ^Developments 
 
 seat. In other towns, with counties just as good for land, 
 and future prospects just as favorable, there is no excite- 
 ment and prices are very reasonable. There are some 
 promising cities in Kansas even now, young as she is, and 
 many thriving county towns, with good prospects for the 
 future. There is one drawback to most of them for the 
 present. They are far ahead of the country around, and 
 many will have to wait in their growth the settlement and 
 cultivation of the country. After all, there is a development 
 and growth of the cities and towns in Kansas more rapid 
 than in older States. The great influx of immigrants and 
 speculators, and the rapid development of railroads by 
 foreign capitalists, give a far more rapid growth to Kansas, 
 and especially to cities and towns, than you see in any other 
 State, unless in a part of Missouri. It is evident to the 
 observer that Leavenworth is now, and will be in the future, 
 the largest commercial city of Kansas. All talk to the con- 
 trary will amount to nothing. She has the position, located 
 on the Missouri river, where she has extensive steam navi- 
 gation as well as railroad facilities. She occupies for Kan- 
 sas what St. Louis does for Missouri, Chicago for Illinois, 
 Cincinnati for Ohio; and the older she grows, the more she 
 develops enterprise, wealth, and population the more surely 
 will she become the leading commercial point of Kansas; 
 and this is no disparagement to any other city or town in 
 the State, for what builds up one helps all, and the envy of 
 one town at the growth of others will soon, be lost in that 
 noble State pride which will glory in seeing any town 
 or city prosper. The growth of Leavenworth has been 
 most wonderful. Fourteen years ago a cabin marked 
 the spot where a city of thirty-five thousand inhabitants 
 now stands. Old Dr. Mills and Few, two veterans with 
 great continental hearts, had the squatter's claim to the 
 
Of Kansas. 2g 
 
 eiglity acres, where the main part of the city now stands. 
 Like many others they sold it too soou. Leavenworth has 
 ah-eaiTy the elements of a thriving city — numerous churches, 
 schools, and the finest cathedral in the United States, many 
 fine husiness blocks, theaters open, and numerous splendid 
 dwelliug houses. Her people made some mistakes in the 
 enterprise, to start with, especially that they did not get the 
 main trunk line of the Pacific Railroad; but their active 
 enterprising eflibrts of late will soon make Leavenworth the 
 largest railroad center of any place in the State. This city 
 has another great advantage. Adjoining is Fort Leaven- 
 worth, where for many years the Government will disburse 
 large amounts. The future of Leavenworth is onward and 
 upward. 
 
 Atchison, 
 
 Located on the Missouri river, in the eastern part of the 
 State, is a thriving 3^ouug city, growing rapidly, and has 
 many enterprising citizens ; several railroads already center 
 here, and more are projected. 
 
 Lawrence. i 
 
 This city, located on the Kansas river, about thirty miles 
 west of the State line, and on the Kansas Pacific Railroad, 
 presents a most wonderful recuperation from the terrible 
 destruction of war. Nearly burned up, and many of its 
 leading citizens killed, by the Quantrell raid, it is already 
 rebuilt, and has become quite a large, growing city, doing a 
 large business. It has one advantage over any other town 
 in the State, at present — the county is populated and culti- 
 vated better than any other, and Lawrence already claims 
 strong competition for trade with Leavenworth. 
 
 Several railroads are already built to this rapidly growing 
 
30 
 
 Resources and (Developments 
 
 cit}^, aud more are being made. Several railroad land 
 offices are located here, where large quantities of land are 
 sold. 
 
 The State University, located here, is a very flourishing 
 institution, and does great credit to the place and the State. 
 The future of Lawrence is onward and upward. The enter- 
 prise of her citizens would give prosperity to any place. 
 
 TOPEKA, 
 
 [State Capitol.] 
 
 The capital of Kansas. As you pass up the Kansas 
 Pacific Railroad, thirty-five miles from Lawrence, you 
 reach this growing city. All the way you pass through a 
 rich valley, much of it already highly cultivated, and by 
 many thrifty little towns, springing up all along this great 
 railroad line. Topeka sits gracefully on a beautiful rolling 
 hill. Nature, in one of her generous moods, made the site 
 on purpose for a city. A more beautiful spot of earth it 
 would be difficult to find. The ground rolls gradually 
 back from the Kansas river for nearly one mile, giving 
 an elevation from which you can see a vast scope of the 
 
Of Kansas. 31 
 
 surrounding country. The far-reaching, rich, and beautiful 
 valley of the Kaw stretches out in the distance. From 
 the valleys, great prairies, level, rolling, undulating like the 
 sea, with here and there an elevation or mound, reach in 
 the distance until sky and earth seem to meet, presenting 
 to the beholder one of the finest scenes that ever moved 
 the brush of landscape painter. The founders of Topeka 
 seemed to comprehend the situation nature had made for a 
 splendid city, and laid out the town in elegant order, mak- 
 ing wide streets and avenues, giving ample room for busi- 
 ness, health, and ornament. The city has grown for the 
 last two years with the most wonderful rapidity. Churches, 
 colleges, seminaries, and school houses have grown with 
 the rapid increase of business and dwelling houses. The 
 county has already a fine court house, and the State is 
 building here one of the most splendid capitols in the 
 Union. It is located on a public square of twenty acres. 
 One wing, already up, looks fine, built of Junction City 
 magnesia limestone. When the work is done, and the 
 public square ornamented with fine shrubbery, shade, and 
 flowers, it will make one of the most beautiful spots of 
 earth, and will equal any capitol in the Union. The great 
 influx of emigrants and capital into this city is producing a 
 rapid growth. There is no city or town in Kansas begin- 
 ning to grow with the rapidity of Topeka at present. It is 
 estimated that not less than seven hundred buildings, great 
 and small, will go up this year, and judging from the vast 
 number of new buildings in progress of construction, one 
 would think the estimate small. One thing is singular 
 about this rapidly growing city — property is still low, and 
 prices of real estate never have been inflated, like many 
 smaller places in the State. Few cities of the size have a 
 better set of business men, or more refined or educated 
 
^2 (Resources and (bev elopements 
 
 society, and in the future of this "beautiful place, men of 
 wealth and education will seek it for their homes, where 
 they can rear their families amid schools, churclies, and 
 educated society, Topeka is on the main line of the great 
 Kansas Pacific Railroad, where an immense business will be 
 done. The road from Topeka to Emporia is completed. 
 Several other roads are in contemplation, and will be built. 
 Topeka will become one of the great railroad centers of 
 the State. The country' around is tilling up rapidly with 
 active, enterprising farmers, and whoever wants a beautiful 
 place to live, and a rich country around, will lind it here. 
 
 As you pass up the PaciHc Railroad, you see many thriv- 
 ing little towns. Manhattan, in Riley county, is quite a 
 flourishing place. The State Agricultural College is here, 
 an institution just starting, and will eventually become one 
 of the popular institutions of the State. 
 
 Waraego, located on the Kansas Pacific, is an elegant, 
 thriving town; pleasant place to live; good society; good 
 business, and prosperous generally. 
 
 Junction City, 
 
 In Davis county, is quite a flourishing town. Here are 
 the great quarries of magncsian limestone, or Junction 
 City marble. It is soft, easy to work, and hardens upon 
 exposure. It has a shady white color, is used extensively 
 for building, and makes a very handsome structure. The 
 quarries are valuable and inexhaustible. Located on the 
 Kansas Pacific, it has the advantage of the growing trafiic 
 on this line. The Neosho Valley road commences here, 
 passing down through the entire valley to the Indian 
 country. They will soon have a road up the valley of the 
 Republic, extending through a very rich country. This 
 
Of Kansas. ^^ 
 
 little city is growing rapidly, business increasing, and 
 property advancing in price. 
 
 Abilene, 
 
 The county seat of Dickinson county, located on the Kan- 
 sas Pacific, is quite a prosperous, growing town. Here, at 
 present, vast quantities of Texas cattle are brought and 
 shipped. The facilities for shipping here are unsurpassed 
 in the State. Abilene and Baxter Springs are far ahead 
 of all other places in the State for cattle trade and ship- 
 ments. Few towns are growing faster than Abilene ; the 
 country around is rich, and land cheap and productive. 
 
 Salina. 
 
 This flourishing town is on the Pacific Railroad, the 
 county seat of Saline county. It is doing a flourishing 
 business, as it is the center of one of the richest landed 
 counties in the State ; and besides, there is a vast scope of 
 the country around Saline county that naturally comes to 
 Salina to trade, and will for years. There is no specula- 
 tive excitement here, and town property or land can be 
 bought very reasonably. The county is filling up rapidly. 
 Several large" colonies have gone into Saline, one of five 
 hundred Norwegians, hardy, industrious people ; one from 
 Northern Ohio, of one hundred families, and many smaller 
 ones from various places, and a large number of emigrants 
 are constantly settling in Saline and the neighboring coun- 
 ties ; and well they may, for while most of the counties in 
 Kansas may boast of good land. Saline is, for extent and 
 fertility of rich soil, at reasonable prices, the very garden 
 spot of Kansas. If you follow the railroad three hundred 
 miles beyond Salina, you will still find towns growing, 
 
^^ (Resources and (Developments 
 
 until civilization, half-civilized, and the buffalo meet, and 
 will fight it out on that line. Salina is growing rapidly. 
 A very large business is already done here ; property is 
 advancing; schools, churches, court-house, and business 
 blocks are building, and everythiug has an air of pros- 
 perity and growth. 
 
 Emporia. 
 
 As you pass down the I^eosho Yalley, through all its 
 length, you may find many small towns springing up, 
 some improving quite rapidly. Emporia, the county seat 
 of Lyon county, is a very pleasant, flourishing town. The 
 State Normal School is located here, and business is quite 
 brisk ; the inhabitants steady, industrious, and intelligent. 
 Two railroads are completed to this place. Emporia will 
 be one of the most pleasant places in Kansas to live. Its 
 school privileges will be a great aid to the place. In the 
 same county, down the river ten miles, is the thriving 
 little town of Neosho Rapids. Here is a splendid water- 
 power, with mills already up, and room for more, with 
 plenty of timber. Land in the vicinity is cheap, and 
 taking all things into consideration, it presents a fine 
 chance for capitalists to make money. Along the whole 
 line of the Neosho, there are numerous fine water-powers, 
 with saw and flour mills at most of the towns and villages; 
 also, a large amount of heavy timber. 
 
 Burlington, 
 
 The county seat of Cofi'ey county, is quite a stirring little 
 town, in the center of a large, rich county of land, with 
 water-power and timber, presenting one of the best chances 
 in the State for enterprise and the investment of capital. 
 
Of Kansas. ^^ 
 
 As you pass along down the valley, you see the flourish- 
 ing towns of Le Roy, Neosho Falls, and Humholdt, all pros- 
 perous. At Neosho Falls there is a splendid water-power. 
 
 Baxter Springs 
 
 Is a thriving town, located in the southeast corner of Kan- 
 sas, in Cherokee county, on a strip of land in the southern 
 border of the State, between the Neutral Lands and the 
 Indian Territory. Cherokee county is one of the finest 
 in the State, rich in land, coal, timber, and water. Spring 
 river, near the town, is a large, rapid stream, water as clear 
 as crystal, with splendid water-power. Baxter contains a 
 fine set of business men, equal to any in the State, for the 
 size of the town. Business is brisk, and everything pros- 
 perous. The Missouri River, Ft. Scott and Gulf road is 
 already finished here, and one or two more will be soon. 
 There is an extensive scope of country around, the trade 
 of which will naturally center at Baxter. The town is 
 beautifully located and growing rapidly. The climate is 
 fine; health good. There are numerous springs all around 
 the town ; some cold, pure water, fine for use — others chaly- 
 beate or sulphur. It is only a question of time, when this 
 part of Kansas, now growing with the greatest rapidity, 
 will become one of the leading towns in the State. Na- 
 ture has made the site of this place for a city. No human 
 eflbrt can prevent Baxter from becoming a large place, or 
 from doing a most extensive business. It is just the right 
 distance from St. Louis for another large city. Com- 
 merce, on land, must stop to rest every three or four hun- 
 dred miles, and there it naturally builds a city. Such will 
 be the future of Baxter. It has a vast region of country 
 around it, filling up rapidly. There is also a vast trade 
 
^6 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 reaching out for hundreds of miles. It is convenient to 
 Texas and the Indian Territory, and being the best shipping 
 point for cattle in the State, will soon make this place one 
 of the great cattle marts of the world. It is only a ques- 
 tion of time when immense slaughter-houses will be put 
 up here, and vast numbers of cattle killed and packed. 
 Spring river and Shoal creek have great water-powers, and 
 will be lined with mills and factories. Large blocks are 
 going up, and retail stores changing into wholesale. The 
 climate is fine, the water pure, the country very healthy; 
 the latitude, God's highest blessing to man. The entire 
 county is one of the most fertile and productive in the 
 State; a rich bed of coal underlies a large portion of the 
 county making fuel [cheap for all. This town and county, 
 scarcely five years old, have over twelve thousand in- 
 habitants, and no doubt will double in two years more. 
 Nature has bestowed her choicest gifts on this place, sur- 
 rounding it with everything to make it a large city, re- 
 quiring only the judicious action of her citizens to build 
 it up. 
 
 Columbus, 
 
 At present the county seat of Cherokee county, is a small 
 prairie town, on the Gulf road, ten miles north of Baxter. 
 
 Crawford, 
 
 The county seat of Crawford county, is quite a thriving 
 town, surrounded by a rich country, and will grow rapidly 
 when land titles are settled. 
 
 Fort Scott. 
 
 This is a flourishing, prosperous town, the county seat 
 of Bourbon county. It has grown rapidly. Few towns 
 
Of Kansas. 57 
 
 can boast of a better or more enterprising class of citizens 
 tban Fort Scott, and this has given a great impulse to the 
 place. Two railroads are already completed here, and more 
 will be, making quite a railroad center. They have, also, 
 water-power, stone, and coal, presenting good opportuni- 
 ties for manufactories. Bourbon is a fine county, filling 
 up rapidly; schools, churches, and business are all pro- 
 gressing. 
 
 Mound City, Paola, Olathe, 
 
 Between this place and Leavenworth, are flourishing 
 towns, the county seats of fine landed counties, all filling 
 up and growing with the balance of the State. 
 
 Ottawa, 
 
 The county seat of Franklin county, is one of the flour- 
 ishing towns of the State ; has grown rapidly. Her enter- 
 prising citizens have already secured several railroads. 
 Business is brisk, property rather high, county fine land, 
 and filling up fast. 
 
 Garnett, 
 
 The county seat of Anderson county, on the railroad from 
 Lawrence to Humboldt, is a fine growing town. Few 
 towns have a better or more enterprising class of citizens. 
 The town is growing rapidly, and has a fine promise for 
 the future. Ohio is largely represented in this place. The 
 county is filling up rapidly, the land good, and a large 
 population led by enterprising men, will make a flourish- 
 ing town. 
 
 Eureka, 
 
 The county seat of Greenwood county, has grown with 
 great rapidity, being about two years old and numbering 
 
38 
 
 (Resources and (bevelopments 
 
 near one thousand inhabitants. It is in a very rich landed 
 county, filling up fast. This town and county present 
 great opportunities for settlers or speculators. 
 
 Chetopah, 
 
 The county seat of Labette county, is quite a flourishing 
 town, surrounded by a rich country. It has a fine future 
 before it. 
 
 El Dorado, 
 
 The county seat of Butler county, is quite a flourishing 
 town. 
 
 Oswego, Canville, Humboldt, Iola, 
 Are all flourishing towns. 
 
 BURLINGAME, 
 
 The county seat of Osage county, is quite a flourishing 
 town. 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 59 
 
 Railroads* 
 
 
 r^i'^i^'*^*^ ^-^ -^' 
 
 The rapid development of railroads in Kansas for the 
 last three years is giving a wonderful impulse to all other 
 improvements, especially to settlements and productions and 
 growing towns and cities. Five years ago the State had 
 no railroads ; vast prairies lay in solemn quietude, undis- 
 turbed by the shrill whistle of the iron horse ; now, Kan- 
 sas has more than twelve hundred miles of railroad com- 
 pleted, and twelve hundred more in process of construc- 
 tion, and in five years more the locomotive will run over 
 three thousand miles of railroad in Kansas. This rapid 
 construction of railroads is having a wonderful efiect in 
 stimulating all other improvements. 
 
 The power of railroads to enhance values, stimulate 
 growth, enterprise, production, immigration, commerce, 
 trade, settlements, manufacturing, and every kind of busi- 
 ness is giving new, higher, and nobler impulses to Kansas, 
 and will soon fill her borders with all the population and 
 wealth of the older States. 
 
 Most of these roads are built out of land grants or cap- 
 ital from other States. Some counties are votinsf bonds 
 
4(^ (Resources and (Developments 
 
 and taxing themselves heavily, which ought to be avoided 
 in counties where large quantities of valuable land have 
 been given to make roads. ' The great lines, made and 
 making through the State, already assume form and direc- 
 tion, and will be a great aid to all emigrants and travelers 
 to reach any part of the State, or in making judicious 
 selections of land or town property. 
 
 The first great line is the Kansas Pacific, starting at 
 Kansas City and Leavenworth, uniting at Lawrence, run- 
 ning up the Kaw Valley, and on through the entire State, 
 nearly central, and thence to Denver, making a direct road 
 to California. Over four hundred miles of this road lie in 
 Kansas, and two hundred in one of the richest valleys in 
 the world. Eventually the road will be continued south- 
 west to the Pacific, forming an important part of another 
 great continental road reaching from ocean to ocean, on a 
 meridian that no winter or mountain storm or cold will 
 prevent its perpetual use — a line destined to have a most 
 wonderful influence, at no distant day, upon the trade of 
 the continent and the commerce of the world. The great 
 lines of roads starting from the Atlantic cities, New York, 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore, or Norfolk, will all aim to secure 
 direct connections with this line. 
 
 The Central Branch of the Union Pacific, starting at 
 Atchison, terminating at Denver, is already completed for 
 more than one hundred miles. 
 
 The St. Joseph and Denver road is finished for nearly one 
 hundred miles, and will, no doubt, unite with the Central 
 Union near "Waterville, in "Washington county. These two 
 roads will be of great advantage to the north part of 
 Kansas. 
 
 The Missouri Kiver road is running for seventy-five 
 miles. 
 
Of Kansas. 41 
 
 The Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Railroad is 
 built for over one hundred miles. 
 
 The Missouri River, Ft. Scott and Gulf road is running 
 from Kansas City to Baxter Springs, a distance of one 
 hundred and sixty miles. 
 
 The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe road is already in 
 active operation for nearly one hundred miles. 
 
 The Southern Branch of the Union Pacific is complete 
 from Junction City down the entire Keosho Valley, into 
 the Indian country — more than one hundred and fifty 
 miles. 
 
 The Kansas City and Santa Fe Railroad is running for 
 nearly fifty miles. 
 
 The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad is completed 
 for a long distance. 
 
 The completion of these lines, with many more, which 
 are located and in process of construction, will give to 
 Kansas railroad facilities and advantages equal, if not 
 superior, to most of the old States. 
 
 The emigrant, speculator, or traveler will find a direct 
 road on some of these numerous lines to any part of Kan- 
 sas he wishes to go ; if not, the Kansas Stage Company 
 will be ready, at the end of any line, to take him further. 
 
 The development of values, and the great convenience 
 of trade, travel, and traffic along the lines of the various 
 routes, is only a part of the magic effects and great wealth 
 they will give Kansas. 
 
 No State has more numerous water-powers or extensive 
 coal fields than Kansas, or superior advantages for all 
 manufacturing purposes. A few years more will open up 
 several roads direct to the Gotton fields of Texas, whence 
 any amount of cotton can be transported in a few hours to 
 factories in Kansas. Instead of transporting this cotton 
 
42 
 
 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 to New England or Europe to be made into fabrics and re- 
 turned for sale and consumption, it will come directly to 
 the State and manufactories at home, and so will a vast 
 amount of other useful articles. 
 
 !Not only Texas, with her stock and cotton, but Santa 
 Fe, IS'ew Mexico, and all the rich mountain States, will 
 pour an endless tide of wealth into the coffers of Kansas. 
 The central position of Kansas in the Union will give to 
 her lines of railroads a commercial traffic unsurpassed 
 by those of any State. 
 
 
Of Kansas. 4^ 
 
 Stage Companies and Staging. 
 
 ~1L 
 
 Among tlie pioneers of all new States and Territories that 
 lead the tide of emigration, anticipating railroads, stands the 
 stage and the mail carrier. Thej lead the way on the far- 
 distant frontier, and when railroads come up, ready to take 
 their place, they push on to new fields, ready still to carry 
 the emigrant, traveler, or mail beyond their reach, or 
 wherever a new county opens her prairies to the frontiers- 
 man. 
 
 The Kansas Stage Company, which runs various lines 
 of stages, carried mails and travelers for thousands of 
 miles for many years before a raih'oad was built in the 
 State, and still holds on its way, running many lines into 
 'new and sparsely settled counties, far ahead of railroads, 
 ready as soon as they come up to push on further. 
 
 Wherever the railroad stops, you will find the stage 
 ready to take the emigrant on to any new destination he 
 may wish to reach, and also the mail with him. 
 
 James A. Hawkes, "William B. Hawkes, and William D. 
 Terry & Brothers are the men who organized the Kan- 
 sas Stage Company, when the first settlers entered the 
 State, and have run a great number of lines ever since, 
 carrying the mails for many hundred miles in sparsely 
 
44 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 populated sections of the State, regardless of all obstacles 
 that obstruct and disturb frontier life. They deserve great 
 credit and gratitude from the people of Kansas for their 
 early and continual efforts to accommodate all emigrants, 
 travelers, and settlers in advance of railroads. They are 
 still ahead of railroads, beckoning them to come on ; 
 yet, with all the power and progress of the steam horse, as 
 he goes snorting over the vast prairies of Kansas and along 
 her rich valleys, for more than twelve hundred miles daily, 
 the stage is still in the advance, carrying the mail and the 
 emigrant far ahead of railroads. 
 
 Teasdale & Co., as well as Parker, deserve credit for their 
 labors in the same line. 
 
 From the earliest settlement of Kansas these stage com- 
 panies have run lines to the remotest frontiers, mingling 
 with the Indian and the buffalo with undisturbed friend- 
 ship. 
 
Of Kansas. 43 
 
 Immigration and Speculation, 
 
 IsTo NEW State has ever filled up faster than Kansas for 
 the last two years. The tide of emigration seems to set 
 in that direction, not only from the entire nation, but from 
 all parts of Europe. The opportunity to get fine, cheap 
 land is a great inducement for immigration and specula- 
 tion. Any man or woman can get land cheap in Kansas. 
 All talk of monopoly by railroads, government, or indi- 
 viduals is a perfect humbug. The world never presented 
 such a chance for any man, rich or poor. The railroad 
 companies sell cheap, and give five years to pay for it. 
 Besides this, any one who wishes can homestead his quar- 
 ter section of the best land in the world, and pay the Gov- 
 ernment at his convenience. So the field is open for all 
 classes. No one need fear railroads and speculators. 
 They can get all they want, and cheap enough. In addi- 
 tion, you have the railroads made for you in many parts 
 of the State, increasing the value of the land you bought 
 so cheap. The world never presented a finer field for men 
 of honest industry with small means. They can not fail 
 to make themselves a good home and a good living, with 
 far less labor than in most of the old and hilly States. 
 For European emigration, Kansas presents a wonderful 
 chance. They can become landholders at once, and in- 
 stead of digging on barren soil, owned by some lord, they 
 become independent farmers in a short time. Many col- 
 onies are coming from difierent parts of Europe, as well as 
 a vast number of individuals, and settling in Kansas. 
 
^6 (Resources and developments 
 
 They invariably do well and make good citizens. They 
 meet the great want of the State — population and produc- 
 tion. Every town and county has its full supply of land 
 agents and speculators, besides a large number from the 
 old States, looking through every part of Kansas for 
 chances. Town and city lots, coal, timber, land, water- 
 powers, stock, or anything that promises to make money, 
 is immediately picked up by somebody, who holds on to it 
 until he meets the next comer who is willing to pay more, 
 when he pockets the difference and starts for something 
 else. While many merely make merchandise of land and 
 lots, others buy what they wish, and let it rest for some 
 future harvest. No one can fail to do well who makes a 
 judicious investment in Kansas. Property is increasing in 
 value so rapidly that it must make money for the owner. 
 
 There is another view of Kansas : It is the last State of 
 rich land, within favorable latitudes, to fill up. Hitherto 
 we had a large number of States to fill, but here is the 
 only one left; and the tide of immigration is already so 
 great that she is filling up with amazing rapidity. 
 
 "What Kansas wants is settlers who wish for good 
 homes, and will cultivate them. She has a full share of 
 speculators, yet the field is broad for them. She presents 
 great chances for all to get cheap homes, where, with 
 patient and ordinary toil, independence is certain. JSTa- 
 ture has bestowed her richest gifts on Kansas in soil, 
 climate, and water, and the capitalist has done much in 
 railroads and stages. The emigrant has only to make it 
 his home. 
 
Of Kansas. 4y 
 
 Schools^ Colleges^ and Churches. 
 
 Kansas has 900 school districts organized in 1867, with 
 1,100 teachers and 32,000 pupils ($127,000 were paid to 
 teachers), and many flourishing academies, seminaries, and 
 private schools, besides, also, the State Normal School, the 
 Agricultural College, and State University. There has 
 been a great increase of schools since. Many new districts 
 have been organized, and large amounts expended in 
 building school houses and paying teachers. Few, if any, 
 States educate better than Kansas. 
 
 iiTo new State ever laid the foundation for educating her 
 people, intellectually and morally, broader and deeper than 
 Kansas. Her schools and colleges are the pride and glory 
 of the State. No old States, with all their experience, can 
 boast of anything superior. Modeled after the Ohio 
 system, perhaps the best specimen of democracy in the 
 world — I mean intellectual and moral democracy, that 
 which dispenses with a free and equal hand food for the 
 intellectual and moral culture of all her children — they 
 have perfected and extended it wherever populations need 
 in all her broad territory. As you enter any town in tjie 
 State, and pass any considerable settlement in the country, 
 the first and most prominent object you behold is a fine 
 (and in most cases a large) school house. The State and 
 General Government provided with a liberal hand for 
 schools and colleges, and an intelligent, active, and enter- 
 
48 
 
 (Resources and developments 
 
 prising people are carrying it out, and giving to every 
 child in tlie State a chance for a good, free education. 
 Competent teachers are employed in all her com- 
 mon schools and academies, and able professors in all 
 her colleges. Churches of all kinds flourish with schools, 
 and the teacher and preacher are in constant demand. 
 The deep interest taken by the people of Kansas in the 
 subject of education, and the ample means provided, is 
 worth untold millions to the future of the State. 
 
Of Kansas. ^g 
 
 Health and Sanitary Prospects, 
 
 The early settlers of most of the new States, West, have 
 sufl'ered more or less with sickness, especially along the 
 valleys and marshy districts. Various malarious diseases 
 have been more or less prevalent. There are some parts 
 of Kansas where the same may prevail to some extent. 
 One would expect it in the JN^eosho and some other valleys, 
 yet they have had but little disease for a new State. There 
 is a peculiar atmosphere in Kansas, whether purer, drier, or 
 containing more oxygen, I can not say, but it has a most 
 exhilarating effect on the system. It might be called 
 champagne air. It not only stimulates the nerve centers, 
 invigorating the body, giving greater volition and physi- 
 cal power, but it exhilarates the mind, increasing cheerful- 
 ness, sociability, and thought. There is an almost daily 
 breeze on the prairies and always cool nights. One may 
 sleep with their windows up, and the wind blowing directly 
 on them, and yet take no cold. One might naturally sup- 
 pose that the great fall of temperature from day to night 
 would produce frequent colds, pneumonia, or malarious 
 disease, but it does not. The cool nights seem to increase 
 health and vigor. One seems to breath easier in the at- 
 mosphere of Kansas. This is particularly the case with 
 debilitated and asthmatic constitutions. I met with four 
 cases in my travels, subject to asthma, of persons who had 
 not had a single attack in Kansas, and were in good hopes 
 that they were free from the disease. There has been but 
 little tendency to consumption in Kansas yet. This is 
 
50 
 
 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 characteristic of most new States, yet I think the future 
 will demonstrate the fact that the atmosphere of Kansas 
 is most peculiarly adapted to consumptive, asthmatic, and 
 bronchial diseases. Emigrants can go into the State, and 
 locate, with little or no fear of long sufi'ering from the 
 usual diseases of new countries^ 
 
Of Kansas. 51 
 
 General Character of the People^ and 
 Future Prospects of Kansas, 
 
 One would naturally suppose that where such a vast tide 
 of immigration is pouring into a State, coming from all 
 parts of the country and the world, they would present a 
 heterogeneous mass, dissimilar physically, intellectually, 
 politically, and morally ; and such is to some extent the 
 case ; yet it is astonishing to see how rapidly population, 
 coming from all parts of the country and the world, with 
 all their different habits, customs, languages, religions, and 
 education, and settling in the same State, identifying their 
 interests and hopes for the same great ends, become homo- 
 geneous and unite their energies to build up individual, 
 town, county, and State interests. Amid all the moving 
 mass of humanity now seething and surging in the wild 
 wave of emigration rushing into Kansas, you will find 
 many keen, shrewd, far-seeing men, not only Americans, 
 but of all nationalities, among the settlers in the State. 
 You will meet them in every town and city — active, intel- 
 ligent,* enterprising men — and you will see, also, in every 
 county, men who are willing to look after all the public 
 interests — who are so patriotic that they are willing to fill all 
 the official positions, to supply the people with all needed 
 candidates for office; and what is most remarkable, the 
 more lucrative the office, the more willing they seem. 
 Every town and city in the State has its full supply of 
 land and real estate agents, active and energetic men, 
 
^2 fResources and (Developments 
 
 ready to attend to all, especially where a commission is to 
 be made, but generally good men. An eye to the main 
 chance is no argument against goodness in Kansas. Min- 
 isters have been known to leave the pulpit when many of 
 the congregation supposed they were surrounded with the 
 glorious prospects of a better land even than Kansas, and 
 enter into all the leading speculations, commercial and 
 political, that promised to improve their mundane condi- 
 tion. But this is not common. Few States can boast of 
 a better class of clergymen, and they still need more. 
 The citizens of Kansas are not alone in the great struggle 
 for wealth. Thousands of speculators, traders, and capital- 
 ists, outside of the State, are constantly traveling over the 
 State, looking with the resident for the main chance, 
 and from this class of men a vast amount of money is in- 
 vested in the State in town and city property, land, and 
 railroads; and this tremendous amount of outside capital 
 is doing more to build up and populate Kansas than any- 
 thing else. / 
 
 Ko State in the Union ever had means poured into their 
 hands for investment and improvements like Kansas. It is 
 one of the principal motive powers that is filling up the 
 State so rapidly. Many of their great public improve- 
 ments, and much of their emigration and production, come 
 from this source. While speculation runs high, and spec- 
 ulators are watching every corner, thousands of sober, in- 
 dustrious men are quietly settling down on their land, 
 opening up their farms, raising their crops, improving 
 their stock, and increasing the yearly productions of the 
 State. This is just what Kansas wants to make her one 
 of the most prosperous States in the future. Population, 
 capital, and production make States, and they are making 
 Kansas, and she now presents to the world a field as broad. 
 
Of Kansas. 55 
 
 a chance as great, a prospect as promising, as the worhl 
 ever opened np for the energy and enterprise of men. It 
 is open for all who wish to enter. Wisdom might dictate 
 to many to let well enough alone, to stay where they are, 
 and enjoy the prosperity that surrounds them, to be con- 
 tented in old homes and old States, to live and die in 
 the footsteps of their fathers, or to work and enjoy what 
 they have or can get in the old homesteads. Such will 
 suit many, and is probably best for them, yet new States 
 are to be built up ; the world still loves emigration. En- 
 terprise will perpetually seek new avenues to homes, 
 and wealth, ambition, religion, and politics will act their 
 part in the world; and these, with the varied motives that 
 move mortal men and women, will send the rushiner. 
 crowding tide into Kansas. At no distant day this young 
 but growing State will become the theater of a vast popu- 
 lation, and this great central State of the American con- 
 tinent, reaching millions in the future, of all nationalities, 
 religions, and politics, will be settled down into one homo- 
 geneous population, possessing an intellectual, moral, 
 political, and physical power that will astonish the world. 
 
^4 (Resources and developments 
 
 Latitude of Kansas, 
 
 THE EFFECT OF LATITUDE UPON THE LIFE PKOSPECTS 
 OF EMIGRANTS AND SETTLERS IN CHOOSING LOCATIONS. 
 
 If all other questions were equal, a location in latitudes 
 where the least amount of labor would give the best sub- 
 sistence, might settle the question of choice ; but there 
 are many things to be considered, which have a most per- 
 manent effect upon the health, happiness, and prosperity 
 of emigrants in their locations under different latitudes. 
 All wish to avoid the extreme heats of the far South as 
 well as the severe cold and protracted winters of the far 
 North. If we go north of latitude forty-one or two, we 
 find that all settlers have to perform a vast amount 
 of work merely to prepare for winter. They must cut 
 and prepare at least three or four tons of hay for every 
 cow, steer, or horse they wish to winter. They must pre- 
 pare a large quantity of fuel for warmth and food for 
 themselves and families. They must spend considerable 
 time and labor in opening roads from drifting snows. 
 They must spend large amounts in barns, sheds, and other 
 conveniences to protect cattle. These, with many other 
 inconveniences incident to high latitudes, make a vast 
 amount of work and expense, which are mostly avoided 
 in lower and more temperate latitudes where the climate 
 is much milder. In this great advantage, no two States 
 are more favorably located than Missouri and Kansas.' 
 The State of Kansas, lying between thirty-seven and forty 
 degrees north latitude, is just in the right position to avoid 
 
Of Kansas. 55 
 
 all extremes of heat and cold; also, for a mild, healthy- 
 climate, with BO severe, protracted winter; requiring little 
 preparation for subsistence for man or beast, in compari- 
 son to colder climates in higher latitudes. A vast amount 
 of time and labor spent for the mere preparation to pass 
 a long winter, north of latitude fortj-two, is almost en- 
 tirely avoided in Kansas, giving the State a great prefer- 
 ence over those further north. While Kansas has this 
 great advantage, it has a soil unsurpassed in fertility, a 
 climate equal, if not superior, to any State in the Union. 
 Here is the great advantage presented to the emigrant and 
 settler over all States further north. There are thousands 
 of people living in New England, Kew York, Michigan, 
 Canada, Wisconsin, and Minnesota, who, if they knew 
 the superior advantages of Kansas, in all the economy of 
 life and production which latitude gives to the State, 
 would seek for homes in Kansas at any sacrifice. I know 
 that the prejudice of many people, raised in high lati- 
 tudes, with long, tedious winters, opposes mild climates in 
 more favorable latitudes, under the pretense that they are 
 not so healthy ; but they are greatly mistaken, and doom 
 themselves to a life of severe toil for a mere subsistence, 
 when if they had taken the advantage of more favorable 
 latitudes and climate, the same labor would have given 
 them far greater means and comforts in lite. Therefore, 
 while I would like to see our entire country fill up and 
 become cultivated, I must say, in all fairness, that the 
 favorable latitude of Kansas makes it a far more desirable 
 State to locate in than those farther north. 
 
^6 (kesottrces and developments 
 
 A General Invitation 
 
 TO ALL WHO WISH TO SETTLE IN A NEW, RICH, HEALTHY, 
 AND THRIVING STATE TO GO TO KANSAS. 
 
 The people of Kansas have ever been noted for tlie gen- 
 erous hand and free heart, which they extend with a most 
 cheerful welcome to all who wish to settle in their great 
 State, and become identified with that rapidly increasing 
 community, which is filling up and improving Kansas so 
 fast. A deep, sympathetic cord binds all her citizens 
 worthy of reciprocation; and the same sympathy reaches 
 out to every true emigrant who seeks an honest home 
 within her borders. She has room and homes, or fortunes 
 for all who wish to settle down to honest industry on her 
 vast prairies or far-reaching valleys. Here and there 
 selfishness may chance to show itself, in efforts to control, 
 for having been a little longer in the State than new- 
 comers; but such is not generally the character of her 
 people. They open wide the gate, and beckon all to 
 come who are willing to aid in improving and building 
 up a great State. 
 
 Vast fields are yet laying waste, and invite the hand of 
 cultivation. The laborers are all wanted. It is no place 
 for idleness, or idle men or women ; there is too much to 
 do. New and untried fields are still to be opened and 
 cultivated; towns and cities to be located and built; vast 
 improvements, both public and private, to be made ; great 
 resources to be developed ; schools, colleges, and churches 
 to be planted; children to be raised and educated, and 
 
Of Kansas. 57 
 
 great work to be done in a thousand fields, where the 
 labor of every true hand and heart is needed ; work for 
 all — work that will pay, richly pay, all who wish to enter 
 the great field and join the general efiibrt to build up the 
 great central State of the American Union — the key to 
 the grand arch which binds all. Never was an emigrant 
 or speculator invited to fairer fields, to more certain 
 homes and fortunes. ISTo man or woman, with ordinary 
 industry, can fail to make good homes here. The Govern- 
 ment, like a true father, reaches out a paternal hand to 
 every one who wishes for a home anywhere in this vast 
 State, and invites all her children to homesteads w thin 
 the borders of Kansas. All the ofiicers of the State, from 
 the governor down, reach out a friendly hand to every 
 emigrant or settler, and point them to her vast rich fields, 
 restless for the hand of cultivation, and all the people of 
 the State join in a welcome to every new settler, who 
 plants himself down to make a home for himself or family 
 within her borders. Millions of uncultivated acres lining 
 her streams and filling the area of her broad prairies, rich 
 in all that makes fertile land sm le with food for man or 
 beast, under the hand of cultivation, invite one and all 
 who wish for smiling homes, to plant down on her fair 
 fields and make the prairie rejoice by the hand of cultiva- 
 tion. All the numerous railroad companies stand with 
 open hands ready to take all settlers and emigrants, and 
 transport them along their vast lines to cheap homes on 
 their extensive land grants, and give them all the time 
 they need to earn the money and pay for the land, while 
 making a good, certain home for themselves and families. 
 Nature has spread out here her choicest blessings, and in- 
 vites her children to happy, peaceable, and prosperous 
 homes. Climate, latitude, sun and shower, soil and 
 
^8 (Resources and (bevelopnients 
 
 streams, nature's choicest gifts to man, all beckon the set- 
 tler to come with a welcome heart, and make a good 
 home here. All the people of the State, from every 
 town, city, hamlet, and settlement, with one united heart, 
 extend to all a most cordial invitation to locate and build 
 up a good home within the borders of Kansas ; for here is 
 the soil and climate where the least amount of human 
 labor will produce the greatest amount of human subsist- 
 ence, and give to the laboring millions the greatest amount 
 of time for intellectual and moral cultivation, or leisure to 
 enjoy the fruits of their labor. 
 
Of Kansas. ^g 
 
 Roads to Kansas. 
 
 Whoever wishes to go to Kansas from any part of the 
 country, whether emigrants landing in some Eastern city, 
 or those to the " manor born," should always get a ticket 
 before starting, if possible on the most direct line of con- 
 veyance to the place of destination, or the nearest railroad 
 point to it. Do not let any pretended agent of any road de- 
 ceive you. Most of those who come from foreign countries 
 land in Eoston, New York, Philadelphia, or Baltimore. 
 From each of these cities, one or more great through lines 
 run west, managed by reliable men and responsible com- 
 panies, who will give direct and correct information, and 
 ticket any one through to the place they wish to go, at 
 the cheapest possible rates. 
 
 There is one most important matter for every emigrant 
 to settle in his own mind before he gets any ticket, that is, 
 the State or part of the country to which he wishes to go, 
 for powerful influences are at work to turn the tide of em- 
 igration to the extreme !Northern States. Great com- 
 panies, owning vast railroad land grants, have immense 
 interests in getting their lands settled. Therefore, it be- 
 hooves all emigrants to study well the latitude and 
 climate they wish to settle in, and then take the most 
 direct line to it. Most persons who start from the Eastern 
 cities or States will pass through Cincinnati, Indianapolis, 
 Toledo, or Chicago; from these cities direct lines lead to 
 Kansas. From Cincinnati you have the Ohio and Missis- 
 sippi road, direct from Cincinnati to St. Louis, one of the 
 
6o (Resources and (bevelopynents 
 
 best roads in the country. From Louisville, Kentucky, a 
 line runs to this road, where all from the southeast can 
 reach St. Louis; also, from Evansville. From Indianapolis 
 a direct line runs to St. Louis ; also, from Toledo. From 
 Chicago they have a direct line to St. Louis, also to Quincy 
 and Hannibal, connectino; directly with the Hannibal and 
 St. Joseph road, through the north part of Missouri, direct 
 to Kansas, making a very good liiie. 
 
 From St. Louis, three great lines lead to Kansas: the 
 Northern Missouri, one of the best roads in the State; 
 the Missouri Pacific, on the south side of the Mis- 
 souri river, with a branch to Ft. Scott; and the 
 Southwest Pacific, passing down by Springfield, which 
 will soon have a branch from ISTeosho to Baxter Springs, 
 making one of the best and most direct routes to Southern 
 Kansas. Another very important road is in contempla- 
 tion through Missouri to Kansas — the old Benton line, 
 from St. Louis, by Ft. Scott, Eureka, and on west to Santa 
 Fe, with a branch this side of Ft. Scott to Baxter Springs, 
 down the Spring Kivcr Valley. If this road is made, it 
 will not only open up a very fine line to Kansas, but secure 
 a vast business in cattle, freight, and passengers. 
 
 It has long been a matter of great surprise that the 
 people of St. Louis, and along the line, have not built the 
 Straight Line road from St. Louis to Ft. Scott, and beyond. 
 It would shorten the distance to Kansas, through Missouri, 
 more than fifty miles. It would pass through a series of 
 fine counties that have no railroad facilities. It would give 
 them all a wonderful impulse, and would bring direct 
 to St. Louis a very large amount of business. No line of 
 road is more important to St. Louis, or Missouri, or the 
 public generally, than this one. We rejoice that a com- 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 61 
 
 pany is organized, if the city and counties lend them aid, 
 to build the road immediately. 
 
 On some one of these lines, any who wish can pass 
 through the great State of Missouri to the border of Kan- 
 sas. They will reach St. Joseph, Atchison, Leavenworth, 
 Wyandotte, Kansas City, Ft. Scott, or Baxter Springs. 
 These are the projective or starting points, on the eastern 
 border of Kansas, from which we propose to pass over 
 various routes with the emigrant, settler, traveler, visitor, 
 tourist, and speculator, and pay a short visit to each county 
 in the eastern part of Kansas, all included in two hundred 
 miles square, giving a few of the most important facts for 
 those looking for homes or chances to make good in- 
 vestments. 
 
62 ^Resources and (Developments 
 
 A Visit to all the Counties 
 
 IN THE EASTERN HALF OF KANSAS, THE EOAD TO EACH, 
 AND MANY IMPORTANT LOCAL STATISTICS. 
 
 Leavenworth County 
 
 Is LOCATED in the eastern part of the State on the Missouri 
 river. 
 
 Leavenworth, the largest city in Kansas, is the county 
 seat. This county is about thirty miles in length and 
 about fifteen in width. There are large quantities of rich 
 bottom lands, covered with heavy timber, in this county ; 
 also, extensive fine prairies, with very considerable high, 
 rolling prairie, some of it filled with high bluff's and rocks ; 
 plenty of stone ; many fine quarries ; coal at considerable 
 depth. The soil, in a large part of this county, is fertile 
 and good for all agricultural purposes ; with this there is 
 considerable waste land. This county is so far settled up 
 and so well improved, with the advantage of extensive 
 steamboat navigation on the Missouri river, and a large 
 number of railroads centering into Leavenworth, that 
 good land is much more valuable than in many others 
 in the State. It is a prosperous, thriving couDty, with 
 a ready market at Leavenworth, where the j)roducer 
 can sell all he raises. The Government pays out large 
 amounts of money at the Fort. "With all the railroads 
 they have centering in Leavenworth, they still need a 
 number more; one direct to Olathe, and that will give 
 them a straight line to Baxter Springs on the southern 
 
Of Kansas. 6^ 
 
 border of the State ; also, one direct to Topeka, the cap- 
 ital of the State, and one to the northwest. All of which 
 will no doubt be made in a few years. Numerous small 
 but thriving towns are springing up in various parts of 
 the county, especially on the line of her railroads ; among 
 them are Kickapoo, Pleasant Ridge, Springdale, Spring 
 Valley, Petersburgh, Big Stranger, and Reno. Stranger 
 river, which, with its various branches, runs through the 
 entire county, is lined with large quantities of bottom land. 
 This is one of the oldest and most populous counties in 
 the State, being fifteen years old. 
 
 Douglas County. 
 
 "We take the cars at Leavenworth and pass down the Kan- 
 sas Pacific Railroad to Lawrence, the county seat of Doug- 
 las county. This county is not so large as some counties in 
 the State, but better cultivated and more populous to the 
 territory than any other county. Lawrence, the county 
 seat, has passed through some severe conflicts, but has 
 survived them all; is doing a large business and grow- 
 ing rapidly into a large city; it is the second town at 
 present. Several land ofiices are located here, especially 
 railroad company offices, where large quantities of land 
 are sold along the line of their roads. Several small 
 towns are growing up in the county : Lecompton, Big 
 Springs, Kanwaka, Clinton, Marion, Prairie City, Baldwin 
 City, Black Jack, McKinney, Vinland, Willow Springs, 
 Wakarusa, and Eudora. Land is much higher and more 
 valuable in this county than most in the State. Several 
 railroads are already finished to Lawrence, and more 
 will be. 
 
64 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 Jefferson County. 
 
 As we pass up the Kansas Pacific, in the Kaw Valley, 
 we go tlirougli the southern part of this county. Oska- 
 loosa, the county seat, is farther north. The Straight Line 
 road from Leavenworth to Topeka, which will soon be 
 made, will pass this place. Jefi'erson is a fine, rich, thriv- 
 ing county ; settling up rapidly, has large quantities of 
 fine prairie land, as well as rich bottom land on the Kan- 
 sas and Grasshopper. This county has more timber than 
 many others ; also, plenty of blufl's, filled with fine stone. 
 It contains quite a number of small towns : Grasshopper 
 Falls, "Winchester, and Shields in the north part ; and Buck 
 Creek, "Williamstown, Perry, Medina, and Granville in the 
 southern part. 
 
 Shawnee County. 
 
 As we continue up the Kansas Pacific, we reach Topeka, 
 the capital of the State and county seat of Shawnee county. 
 This county is small, but unsurpassed in the quality of 
 prairie and valley land. Topeka is one of the most flour- 
 ishing cities in the State and growing rapidly. The site 
 is splendid, business good, numerous large business and fine 
 dwelling houses constantly going up ; a large court-house, 
 and several large hotels. The State Capitol is progress- 
 ing ; one wing up looks fine, and when the entire building 
 is complete, no capitol in the American Union will look 
 more splendid. Numerous land ofiices and land agents 
 are located here, especially those of railroad companies 
 having land grants. Mills & Smith, the great central 
 land agents of the State, are located here ; also, a Govern- 
 ment land office and several railroad land offices. Sev- 
 eral railroads are already built to this place, and more 
 
Of Kansas. 6^ 
 
 will be. Topeka, from its central location, as the capital 
 of the State, and its natural advantages for business, will 
 become a great railroad center. ISTumerous manufacturing 
 establishments are already at work here, and many more 
 will be at no distant day. The Kaw river will be dammed 
 some ten miles above this city, giving all the water-power 
 needed to make Topeka a great manufacturing city. 
 There are several small but flourishing towns in the 
 county: Indianola, Dover, Auburn, Williamsport, Rich- 
 land, and Waveland. 
 
 Jackson County. 
 
 As you go up the Kansas Pacific you cross the south- 
 west corner of this county. Jackson is quite a large 
 county, thinly settled as yet, but contains much fine land, 
 both prairie and valley ; has numerous small streams and 
 considerable timber, with numerous stone quarries, and 
 several small but flourishing towns: Circleville, Banner, 
 and Rossville. Holton, the county seat, is in the south 
 part of the county. This county presents good chances 
 for settlers. 
 
 Pottawatomie County. 
 
 Moving still west on the Kansas Pacific, we pass through 
 the entire southern part of this county. The county is 
 large, containing great quantities of good prairie and rich 
 valley land ; also, considerable high, rolling prairie, with 
 rocky blufife. A large portion of the county is still un- 
 settled. A number of thriving towns are growing up on 
 the railroad; St. Mary's Mission is quite a place, with 
 schools and churches. Wamego is much the most thriving 
 town in the county, growing rapidly. The railroad ma- 
 chine shops are here. Louisville, the county seat, is quite 
 
66 (kesources and (Developments 
 
 a thriving little town. St. George, Westmoreland, and 
 Cross Creek are all thriving towns. The Kansas river on 
 the south side and the Big Blue on the western, with a 
 number of small streams, make fine valley land for this 
 county. The county presents good opportunities for set- 
 tlers. 
 
 Wabaunsee County, 
 
 Is south of Pottawatomie, separated by the Kansas river. 
 This is a very large county, sparsely populated, containing 
 much good land and presenting good opportunities to any 
 who wish to buy and settle here. Wabaunsee, the county 
 seat, is quite a flourishing town. Maple Hill, Alma, and 
 Wilmington are growing towns. This county needs rail- 
 road faciUties. A straight line road from Lawrence to 
 Salina, in Saline county, would accommodate it greatly. 
 
 Riley County. 
 
 This is a moderate sized county, with much broken 
 country; considerable good valley land on the streams; 
 large quantities of high, rocky prairies. Manhattan, the 
 county seat, on the railroad, is quite a pleasant, thriving 
 town. The State Agricultural College is located here, 
 and is quite a prosperous institution. The citizens of this 
 town take a deep interest in schools and churches. Several 
 small towns are starting up in the county : Ogden, Ilenry- 
 ville, and Kandolph. 
 
 Davis County. 
 
 As we continue up the Kansas Pacific we reach Junc- 
 tion City, the county seat of this county. The county is 
 not large or populous, but has considerable fine valley land, 
 much of '\i too low for high water. Most of the prairie 
 is high and rolling with numerous rocky blufls. June- 
 
Of Kansas. 6'j 
 
 tion City, tlae county seat, is quite a thriving town, and has 
 many enterprising citizens. Around this place are most 
 extensive quarries of magnesia limestone. Yast quanti- 
 ties are quarried and shipped. Two railroads are already 
 finished to this place — the Kansas Pacific, and the South 
 Branch of the Union Pacific, starting from here and run- 
 ning down the Neosho Valley to the Indian Territory. 
 This place has one of the Government land ofiices. 
 
 Dickinson County. 
 
 As we continue up the Kansas Pacific, passing several 
 flourishing towns, we reach Abilene, the county seat of 
 Dickinson. It is a large, rich county, with great quanti- 
 ties of fine prairie and valley land ; some high, ^rolling 
 prairie, but mostly level or undulating. Vast quantities 
 of Texas cattle are brought to Abilene and shipped. 
 ISTearly two hundred thousand head were sold and shipped 
 during the past year. This gives a large business to the 
 place. Abilene is growing quite rapidly, and property 
 advancing both in town and country. There are large 
 quantities of fine land for sale in this county, presenting 
 good chances for all who wish to settle or invest. 
 
 Clay County, 
 
 Directly north of Dickinson, is a large, rich county in 
 land, with few settlements or improvements. The Repub- 
 lic runs through this entire county, giving splendid valley 
 land and considerable timber. Clay Center is the county 
 
 seat. 
 
 Saline County. 
 
 As we go up the Kansas Pacific, from Abilene, we pass 
 the thriving town of Solomon City, on the east border of 
 Saline county. Here are extensive salt works, large quan- 
 
68 (Resources and developments 
 
 titles of salt being made. The town is surrounded with 
 a very rich country. We soon reach Salina, the county 
 seat of Saline county — a town growing rapidly and already 
 doing a large business. It contains many enterprising 
 citizens, and is located in the center of one of the largest 
 and richest counties in the State. Few counties have so 
 much rich bottom land as lies on the numerous rivers 
 and creeks of this county, or where finer prairies lay 
 between. The Solomon, Saline, and Smoky Hill rivers, 
 with Mulberry, Elm, Dry, and Gypsum creeks, all unite to 
 form the Kansas river. Along each of these streams are 
 splendid rich valleys, with very fertile soil ; timber on 
 most of the streams ; elegant, rich prairies between all the 
 valleys ; no county in the State j^resents finer opportuni- 
 ties to the settler or land buyer. Vast quantities of 
 Texas cattle are herded here, and sold and shipped from 
 Saline. The Government still has land subject to home- 
 stead in this county. The Kansas Pacific and National 
 Land Companies have a large quantity to sell. The county 
 is settling up rapidly. A number of large colonies 
 have already located, and a great number of stock men 
 are opening out splendid farms. At present, they have 
 only the Kansas Pacific Railroad, but the company is 
 organized to build a road from the north part of the 
 State directly down through Salina to the Arkansas 
 river in the southern part of the State, and on to Texas — a 
 very important road, and one that will be made at no 
 distant day. A straight line road will be made from 
 Lawrence to Salina. It will accommodate a large sec- 
 tion of country. Before Salina is as old as many towns 
 in the State, it will become quite a railroad center. 
 There are several flourishing towns growing up in the 
 
Of Kansas. 6g 
 
 county. Bavaria, ten miles west of Salina, is quite a 
 tliriving town. 
 
 Ottawa County, 
 
 Located directly north of Saline, is a large, rich, county, 
 comparatively new. Settlements are increasing rapidly. 
 There are large quantities of rich valley and prairie land. 
 This is an excellent county for settlers or land buyers, as 
 land is still cheap, but increasing greatly in value. Sev- 
 eral small towns are growing up in the county. Lindsey, 
 the county seat, is quite a thriving place. 
 
 Cloud County, 
 
 l^orth of Ottawa, is quite a large, new county, with few 
 settlements. 
 
 Republic County, 
 
 !N"orth of Cloud, is also new and unsettled. There are 
 only some few scattered inhabitants. 
 
 Rice County 
 
 Lies west of McPherson ; is a new county ; has considera- 
 ble fine land, especially on the headwaters of the Little 
 Arkansas. Several colonies are locating in this county. 
 It presents a good chance, but is»new. 
 
 McPhekson County 
 
 Lies directly south of Saline. It is a large, unsettled 
 county, except its north part. It contains great quanti- 
 ties of good land, and herds large numbers of Texas cat- 
 tle. Settlers are coming into the county and opening up 
 ranches, and eventually this will become a great stock- 
 raising county. 
 
'JO ^Resources and (Developments 
 
 Ellsworth County 
 
 Is west of Saline, on the Kansas Pacific. Ellsworth, the 
 county seat, is a town of some importance as a railroad 
 town. We begin in this county to reach the region of 
 buffalo grass, which extends over the vast plains of West- 
 ern Kansas. 
 
 Russell, Ellis, and Trego Counties 
 
 . Lie directly west of Ellsworth, on the Kansas Pacific. 
 They have but few settlements, and those, small railroad 
 towns. All the counties northwest of Ellsworth are new 
 and unsettled, so with all southwest of McPherson. 
 
 '■) 
 
 Marion County 
 
 Lies directly south of Dickinson, and is a large county, 
 containing vast prairies of fine lands and some timber. 
 Marion Centre is the county seat. There is plenty of land 
 for sale in this county, and good chances for settlers who 
 wish to go into a new and unimproved county. 
 
 Morris County. 
 
 We take the cars at Junction City, on the Neosho Val- 
 ley Road, and pass down through Morris county. Council 
 Grove, the county seat, is quite a flourishing town. The 
 county contains considerable good land, valley and 
 prairie, and presents good opportunities for settlers. 
 
 Lyon County. 
 
 As we continue our course down the valley we enter 
 this county, passing the old county seat, Americus, about 
 
Of Kansas. yi 
 
 eiglit miles above Emporia, the present county seat. Em- 
 poria is one of tlie finest towns in the State. The State 
 Normal School is located here, and is a very thriving insti- 
 tution. Few counties in the State are settling up faster, 
 or have a more enterprising people than Lyon. It is a 
 large and fertile county, presenting good opportuni- 
 ties for the settler, and has become so much im- 
 proved that land is considerably higher than in many 
 other less improved counties. The people of Emporia are 
 intelligent, polite, and afl'able. They have two railroads 
 built to this place, and contemplate more. This town and 
 county have a promising future. 
 
 Chase County, 
 
 Southwest of Lyon, is a good county of land, and is set- 
 tling up and improving. Cottonwood Falls is the county 
 seat. Toledo, Union, Middle Creek, Bazar, and Cedar 
 Point are flourishing little towns. 
 
 Osage County. 
 
 As we go down the railroad from Topeka to Emporia, 
 we pass directly through Osage county. It is a large, 
 fertile county, with extensive coal fields. Burlingame, 
 the county seat, is quite a flourishing town. The old Sac 
 and Fox agency is in the eastern part of the county, 
 Richardson and Ridgeway are flourishing towns. This 
 county presents good chances for enterprise and capital. 
 
 Coffey County. 
 
 The Neosho Valley Road passes through this county. 
 Burlington, the county seat^ is growing finely. The 
 
72 (kesources and (Developments 
 
 county is improving and filling up. It is one of tlie fine, 
 rich counties of the State, It has large quantities of tim- 
 ber on the river, plenty of stone, and good water-powers. 
 Ottumwa and Le Roy are thriving towns. This county 
 presents good opportunities for settlers, or for those who 
 wish to invest. 
 
 "Woodson County. 
 
 As we continue down the Valley Road, we reach IN'eosho 
 Falls, the county seat. There is a fine water-power. 
 [Numerous mills are already in operation along the Neosho 
 Valley, and there will be extensive manufacturing in the 
 future. There are large quantities of good land in this 
 county, and considerable timber on the streams. Coloma, 
 Bath, and Belmont are thriving little towns. Good op- 
 portunities for land in this county. 
 
 Allen County. 
 
 Passing on down the Valley Road we reach this county. 
 Humboldt is the largest and most flourishing town. lola, 
 the county seat, is growing. There are several other flour- 
 ishing little towns in the county. Two railroads already 
 reach Humboldt, and more may. This is a very fine 
 county of land, valley, and prairie, and is filling up and im- 
 proving. It presents good opportunities for settlers or 
 land buyers. The Land Office at Humboldt draws a large 
 number of emigrants to this place. 
 
 Greenwood County. 
 
 If we take the stage at Humboldt and pass west, on one of 
 the Kansas Stage Company's fine coaches, through Woodson 
 county, enjoying a splendid prairie ride, we reach Eureka, 
 
Of Kansas. 75 
 
 tlie county seat of Greenwood county. This town has 
 grown rapidly ; scarcely two years old, and numbers nearly 
 one thousand inhabitants. Greenwood is a large county, 
 containing an immense quantity of fine land. It is set- 
 tling up rapidly. There are fine chances here for the 
 emigrant or speculator. Few towns in the State have 
 grown more rapidly than Eureka, and few have a finer or 
 more enterprising population. The county is improving 
 wonderfully. The Kansas Stage Company has a large 
 number of lines uniting at this place, and a few years will 
 see one or more railroads here. 
 
 Butler County. 
 
 If we continue our fine stage ride west, we reach Eldo- 
 rado, the county seat of this county. Butler is one of the 
 largest counties in the State, thinly settled as yet, and 
 contains nearly one million acres of land, much of it good. 
 There is a good opportunity for land buyers. Eldorado is 
 increasing rapidly, as well as several other small towns in 
 the county. Ten miles south of Eldorado we find Augusta, 
 on the line to Wichita. A new land ofiice is opened at 
 Augusta. 
 
 E'eosho County. 
 
 As we pass down the Valley Road from Humboldt, we 
 reach Canville, the county seat of Keosho county. This 
 is quite a flourishing town. The Catholic Mission in the 
 east part of the county, is quite a thriving place. Erie, 
 Walnut Creek, and Rogers' Mills are starting towns. Neo- 
 sho has a large quantity of good valley and prairie land. 
 Timber grows on the streams. This county presents good 
 
7^ Resources and (bevelopmenis 
 
 opportunities for settlers or those who wish to buy land. 
 The county is filling up fast. 
 
 Wilson County 
 
 Lies directly west of Neosho. It is a new county, with 
 few settlements, very similar in general character of soil 
 and climate. New Albany and Coyville are towns that 
 have been started. It is growing rapidly for a new 
 county; great chances for stock farming. 
 
 Labette County. 
 
 As we continue down the ISTeosho Valley Road, we reach 
 Chetopa, the county seat of Labette county. This county 
 extends to the Indian Territory, south of Kansas, and con- 
 tains a large quantity of rich valley and prairie land, and is 
 settling up rapidly. The climate in Southern Kansas is 
 mild and pleasant, and very favorable to all inclined to 
 consumption or lung complaints. There are good oppor- 
 tunities here for emigrants, land buyers, or stock dealers. 
 Chetopa is growing quite fast. Soon they will have an- 
 other railroad running to Baxter Springs, connecting there 
 with the St. Louis Road, and in the future will be continued 
 west in the southern tier of counties through the entire 
 State. Oswego, on the railroad above Chetopa, is a fine, 
 growing place, with an enterprising people, who are just 
 the kind to build up a new county. 
 
 Montgomery County 
 
 Lies directly west of Labette, and is very much like it in 
 general appearance. It is a new county, rich in good 
 land and settling up rapidly. It presents good chances 
 for those who wish to homestead or buy land cheap. It 
 
Of Kansas. 75 
 
 has a reasonable proportion of timber, water, stone, prairie 
 and bottom land, and the congenial climate of Southern 
 Kansas. 
 
 Howard County. 
 
 This county lies directly west of Montgomery. It is 
 new and sparsely settled, but is improving and settling 
 up ; a great field for stock raisers. 
 
 Cowley County 
 
 Is west of Howard, on the southern line of the State. The 
 Arkansas river runs through this county. It is new, and 
 sparsely settled. There are large quantities of good land, 
 both valley and prairie, and timber on streams is plenty. 
 "We give a note below to show the best road to Cowley 
 and Sumner counties : 
 
 From Southern Eansas. 
 
 Fields of Surveys, Osage Lands, January 4, 1870. 
 Editor Tribune : As Deputy United States Surveyor of 
 that portion of the Osage Diminished Reserve which em- 
 bodies Cowley and Sumner counties, I find a great propor- 
 tion of both counties beautiful prairie land and susceptible 
 of large settlements. Inasmuch as the country is being 
 settled rapidly, I take occasion to say a word to the pub- 
 lic. Having to ship a great amount of supplies, I have 
 shipped from two objective points. First, from Emporia, 
 the present terminus of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe 
 Railroad. The road from that point, through Bazar and 
 Eldorado to "Wichita, is one of the worst in the State, run- 
 ning diagonally across all the principal creeks and tribu- 
 taries that head in Western Kansas, run southeast and 
 empty into the Arkansas river, which makes the road one 
 
j6 (Resources and (Developments 
 
 of tlie' poorest I liave ever traveled in the State, and a dis- 
 tance of one hundred miles from Emporia to "Wichita. 
 Second, from Salina, a point on the Kansas Pacific Railway. 
 This point is eighy-three miles due north of Wichita, and 
 the route is one of the finest roads in the State, running 
 nearly all the distance down the Little Arkansas river, 
 making it a far superior route for the wonderful tide of 
 emigration which is now pouring into the golden fields 
 of Southwestern Kansas. This report I submit for the 
 benefit of emigrants seeking homes in the Far West. 
 
 A. .J. ANGELL, 
 Dep. U. S. Surveyor, at present engaged on Osage Diminished 
 Reserve. 
 
 Parties going to Wichita, or thereabouts, will consult 
 their own interest and convenience by shipping their goods 
 and buying their tickets by rail to Salina. 
 
 Sumner County, 
 
 West of Cowley, is a new county, like the other counties 
 west of Montgomery, on the south line of the State, and 
 beldngs,"as well as Cowley, to the Osage Purchase — a large 
 tract of splendid land which will furnish great chances 
 to buy. This county will eventually become a very im- 
 portant location at no distant day. A railroad will be made 
 direct from Salina, in Saline county, down through this 
 county to Preston, Texas ; and another road will run direct 
 from Baxter Springs, in Cherokee county, west through 
 the southern tier of counties in Kansas, crossing the Saline 
 and Preston Road in this county; and no doubt the Atch- 
 ison, Topeka and Santa Fe Road will also reach this 
 county. 
 
Of Kansas. yy 
 
 Sedgwick County, 
 
 Directly north of Sumner and west of Butler, like all the 
 counties west on the same line, is large, presenting ex- 
 tensive prairies, and containing few settlements, but grow- 
 ing rapidly. Wichita is the principal town. 
 
 Harper County, 
 West of Sumner, as well as those west on the south line 
 of the State, is new and mostly unsettled. 
 
 Johnson County. 
 If we take the cars at Kansas City, one of the most en- 
 terprising towns in all Missouri, on the Missouri, Fort Scott 
 and Gulf Road, known as Joy's Road, we pass through this 
 county. Few counties in the State are filling up faster or 
 becoming better cultivated. It contains large quantities of 
 good land, timber, stone, and water, with Kansas City on 
 the east, Lawrence on the west, and Leavenworth on the 
 north, with railroads soon to be open to them all, which will 
 give this county a ready market. Olathe, the county seat, 
 is a fine flourishing town, and the citizens are intelligent 
 and enterprising. One of the State Asylums is located 
 here. Several other flourishing towns are starting up in 
 the county. A new railroad will soon be open from here to 
 Ottawa, and another important road from this place is in 
 contemplation to Leavenworth. 
 
 Miami County. 
 
 As we continue our journey south, we enter this county, 
 
 which lies south of Johnson. It is a fine, rich-landed 
 
 county, well watered, considerable timber, plenty of stone. 
 
 It is settling up rapidly. Land can still be had at reason- 
 
fjS (Resources and (Developments 
 
 able rates. Paola, tlie county seat, is quite a flourishing 
 town. Several other towns are springing up in the county, 
 especially along the Gulf Hoad. 
 
 Linn County, 
 
 Lies directly south of Miami, on the east horder of the 
 State, the Gulf Road passing directly through it. Has 
 large quantities of good valley and prairie land, with con- 
 siderable high rolling prairie and some filled with rocks. 
 Many good opportunities for land buyers here. Mound 
 City, the county seat, is quite a flourishing town. Several 
 other towns are growing up in the county. 
 
 Bourbon County. 
 
 Passing directly south on the Gulf Road we enter this 
 county, soon reaching Fort Scott, the county seat. It is 
 one of the thriving towns of the State, and has a very enter- 
 prising set of business men, who are building up the place 
 rapidly. Several railroads are already built here, and more 
 will be, making this place quite a railroad center. One 
 other road is needed here more than any they have yet — 
 one which will do the place more good than all the others — 
 and that is a straight line to St. Louis. Bourbon county 
 is 'a fine, large county, with much good land, and some 
 high, rocky prairies, coal, stone, and water, with consider- 
 able timber. It is settling up rapidly. Land and town 
 property are held at high prices. Several small towns are 
 springing up in difi'erent parts of the county. Considerable 
 interest is already paid to manufacturing in Fort Scott, and 
 more will be, as they have coal and water-power. 
 
Of Kansas, yg 
 
 Crawford County. 
 
 Contmuing our journey south on tlie Gulf Road, we pass 
 directly through the county. IsTearly all of this, like Cher- 
 okee, is one level or undulating prairie, sometimes 
 rolling. It is one of the fine counties of the State. Large 
 quantities of elegant land; timber on the streams; coal, 
 stone, water, and everything to encourage population to 
 settle up a rich county. I do not think man ever looked 
 over a more splendid tract of land than the two counties 
 of Crawford and Cherokee. Crawford, the county seat, is 
 quite a flourishing place. Several other towns are starting 
 up, especially on the railroad. 
 
 Cherokee County, 
 
 Located in the southeast corner of Kansas, is one of the 
 finest counties in the State ; we pass directly through it as 
 we go down the Gulf Road. It has no waste land, all be- 
 ing good, splendid, undulating prairie or rich valley land. 
 Spring River Yalley can not be surpassed for fertile land, 
 timber, or water-power. The coal beds under a great part 
 of the countyj are of immense value. ISTo county in the 
 State is settling up more rapidly, or presents more prom- 
 ising chances to settlers. Baxter Springs, the principal 
 town in the county, is growing with great rapidity and will 
 become a large city. The location is beautiful, with every 
 thing around to make a city: water, timber, stone, and 
 coal. The Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad 
 terminates here, and is already doing an immense busi- 
 ness. The Southwest Pacific Road, from St. Louis, will 
 soon connect with this place, opening a direct communi- 
 cation with St. Louis and a most extensive trade. Other 
 roads will soon be built here. The immense trade and 
 
8o (Resources and (Developments 
 
 business wliicli naturally centers at Baxter will not 
 only open railroads, but build up a large city. More 
 than one hundred and twenty-five thousand head of 
 Texas cattle and horses have been sold and shipped from 
 this place during the past year, and the quantity will in- 
 crease rapidly in the future. It is destined to be one of the 
 great cattle marts of the world. There is no better point for 
 business in the State, and no better county for those who 
 wish to farm, Columbus, the present county seat, is a 
 small town ten miles north of Baxter. Lowell, a thriving 
 town two miles east, will become a large manufacturing 
 place, and eventually Lowell and Baxter will be united as 
 one city. This county is filling up much more rapidly than 
 any county in the State ; although but a few years from the 
 Indians, it already numbers over twelve thousand inhab- 
 itants. 
 
 Franklin County. 
 
 If we take the cars at Lawrence, and go South on the 
 Lawrence and Galveston Railroad, we pass this county, 
 directly south of Douglas. We find here an excellent 
 county, fine land, settling up rapidly, considerable timber, 
 stone, and water. Ottawa, the county seat, has grown 
 rapidly ; it has become quite a flourishing town, and contains 
 many enterprising citizens. Several other towns are 
 growing up in the county. Ileal estate has advanced very 
 considerably in this county during the past two years, and 
 settlers and speculators are still invited to come with fair 
 prospects. 
 
 Anderson County. 
 
 As we continue our journey south, passing through a 
 fine, rich country, amid beautiful prairies, we enter this 
 county. There are large quantities of fine laud in the 
 
Of Kansas. 81 
 
 county — mostly prairie. It is settling up rapidly, and 
 great improvements have been made within the last two 
 years. Land has advanced in price, and still there is 
 plenty of good opportunities here for settlers or land 
 buyers. Garnett, the county seat, is one of the flourish- 
 ing towns of Kansas, and one reason for it is its intelli- 
 gent and enterprising inhabitants. Few towns or coun- 
 ties can boast of more active and enterprising citizens — 
 men who are determined to do their part to build np a 
 splendid town and cultivate a fine county, to make them 
 equal to any in the State. Several smaller towns are start- 
 ing up. 
 
 "Wyandotte County. 
 
 This is a small county, lying on the Missouri river. As 
 we take the Missouri River Railroad at Kansas City to go 
 north, we pass along the eastern part of the county. 
 Although small, it has quite a large quantity of rich val- 
 ley land, both on the Missouri and Kansas rivers, good 
 timber, plenty of stone, and well watered. "Wyandotte, 
 the county seat, was one of the early flourishing towns of 
 Kansas, but Kansas City near by, and Leavenworth on 
 the river, got the start, yet this is a prosperous place, and 
 has many intelligent and enterprising citizens. 
 
 Atchison County. 
 
 As we pass up the River Road through Leavenworth, we 
 reach Atchison, the county seat, a growing and flourish- 
 ing town, located on the Missouri river, in one of the 
 small but rich counties. The land is fertile, with con- 
 siderable timber, stone, and water plenty. 
 
8i (kesotirces and (Developments 
 
 Atchison has many enterprising citizens, who have taken 
 a deep interest in all the great improvements that build up 
 towns and improve counties. They have fine steam- 
 boat navigation, as well as several railroads, niaking the 
 future prospects of the town and county very flatter- 
 ing and inviting to all who wish to settle here. 
 
 There are quite a number of towns starting up in this 
 county, and it is filling up and improving rapidly. 
 
 Brown CoimTY. 
 
 Starting from Atchison, on the Central Branch of the 
 Union Pacific, we pass entirely through Atchison county 
 on our way west; also, through the southern part of 
 Brown. This is a large county in the northern part of 
 the State. It contains quite a large quantity of good land, 
 prairie and valley, and is settling up fast. Hiawatha, the 
 county seat, is quite a flourishing town on the St. Joseph 
 and Denver Road. Several other towns are growing up in 
 the county. This county presents good opportunities for 
 any who wish to locate on good land at reasonable prices, 
 in the north part of Kansas. 
 
 Nemaha County. 
 
 As we continue west on the railroad, we pass into this 
 county, lying directly west of Brown. It is a good county 
 of land, filling np fast, and will have two railroads. It has 
 considerable timber, good stone and water, and presents 
 inducements to settlers or land buyers. Seneca, the 
 county seat, is a growing town on the St. Joseph and Den- 
 ver Road. Many other small towns are springing up in 
 the county. 
 
Of Kansas, 8^ 
 
 Marshall County, 
 
 As we pass up the Central Brancli of tlie Union Pacific, 
 we go through the entire southern part of this county, 
 while the St. Joseph and Denver Road passes through the 
 north part, which will give the county good railroad facil- 
 ities. Marshall county contains a large amount of good 
 land, prairie and valley, with considerable timber, stone, 
 and water. There is plenty of good land for sale. Marys- 
 ville, the county seat, is quite a flourishing town on the 
 St. Joseph and Denver Road. Several other towns are 
 growing up. This county is improving, with good chances 
 left for settlers or speculators. 
 
 "Washington County, 
 
 Directly west of Marshall, is a new county, sparsely set- 
 tled, containing large quantities of good land. A railroad 
 has already been completed to Waterville. "Washington, 
 the county seat, is on the St. Joseph and Denver Road. 
 This county presents good opportunities for any who wish 
 to locate in the northern part of the State. 
 
 Doniphan County 
 
 Located on the Missouri river, in the northeast part of the 
 State, contains large quantities of good land, some fine 
 prairies, bluflEs, and rich valley land, and is settling up fast. 
 Troy, the county seat, is quite a flourishing town on the 
 St. Joseph and Denver Railroad. Numerous other towns 
 are springing up. In a few years this county will be 
 all populated and cultivated. Located directly opposite 
 to St. Joseph, in Missouri, it has a ready market for all 
 they can produce. The north part of Kansas will have 
 
84 (Resources and (bevelopments 
 
 good railroad accommodations, as the Central Union Pa- 
 cific and the St. Joseph and Denver Roads already extend 
 west for nearly one hundred miles, and one or both will 
 eventually be continued to Denver. The northern line of 
 counties still present fine chances to buy cheap land or 
 get good homes. 
 
Of Kansas. 8^ 
 
 Kansas for European Emigrants, 
 
 Kansas presents the finest chances in the world for the 
 European emigrant. 
 
 To the millions of laboring men and women all over 
 Europe, who are struggling for a mere living, with little 
 hope of bettering their condition, emigration presents a 
 certain guaranty for good, cheap homes for themselves 
 and families, and that in a free country, where liberty 
 rests upon constitutional law, giving to all equal rights. 
 
 The toiling millions of Europe, no doubt, love the 
 scenes amid which they were born, the homes where their 
 fathers lived and they were raised. That is natural, but 
 all of that love and attachment will not pay for perpetual 
 toil for themselves and children, with no hope or prospect 
 of anything but a mere, scanty living. "What untold ben- 
 efits would all this vast number receive, if they would 
 only come to America, where millions of acres of the 
 finest land in the world invite the cultivator to take pos- 
 session. Let the laboring man of Europe look at Kansas 
 (to say nothing about other vast regions of rich land 
 which belong to the United States). Here is the great 
 central State of the American Union, with fifty-two 
 mil^'on acres of the finest land in the country, in a lati- 
 tude giving the purest and healthiest climate in the 
 world — one, where human efibrt in cultivating the earth 
 
86 fkesources and (Developments 
 
 produces the greatest amount of human subsistence to the 
 amount of labor. 
 
 Less than three million acres of all this vast area are 
 yet cultivatied. Nearly fifty million acres still remain, 
 rich in soil, prairie, and valley, spread out in beauty and 
 grandeur, inviting, yea, entreating, all the sons and 
 daughters of Europe to leave their useless life-struggles 
 beneath the imperial governments of the Old World, and 
 come to free America, and get themselves independent 
 homes on the vast, rich fields of Kansas. They would all 
 soon get good homes. They are just what Kansas wants; 
 those who will cultivate the soil, open up farms and 
 homes, and build up a great State. Kansas has only one- 
 half million inhabitants at present, but is increasing rapidly ; 
 yet she needs population. Ten millions of industrious 
 people could live and grow rich on all her broad territory. 
 What a chance for the emigrant, with certain prospects of 
 a home and independence here ! How much better than 
 to remain where they are, and toil and struggle from gen- 
 eration to generation. 
 
 If all the hardy sons of Europe, who are now compelled 
 to fill the great armies to perpetuate monarchial govern- 
 ments, could only take their families and move to Amer- 
 ica, where they could devote their time and lives to honest 
 industry, instead of death and destruction for nothing, 
 what untold benefits they and their wives and children 
 would receive, and what rich additions of labor and 
 wealth would be made to our country. If we take only 
 the four great armies of England, France, Prussia, and 
 Austria, and say nothing about the vast number in many 
 other armies, we find more than three million of hardy 
 men, taken from production and devoted to destruction. 
 Large numbers of these have wives and children suflering 
 
Of Kansas. 6*7 
 
 for bread and the ordinary comforts of life. What lan- 
 guage can describe the joy that would thrill through the 
 hearts of all this great number, if they could only leave 
 the field of mutilation, disease, and death, and the pov- 
 erty-stricken homes, and all emigrate to this country and 
 devote their labor to making good homes here. It would 
 not only be a source of unbounded happiness and prosper- 
 ity to themselves, but a vast benefit to our country. 
 
 The human mind revolts at the vast capacity of these 
 armies for destruction as soldiers in the field of actual war, 
 and leajDS for joy to contemplate the same power in the 
 field of peaceable labor, making homes and subsistence 
 for themselves and families, and building up great free 
 States. 
 
 Is there no hope that the human family will learn wis- 
 dom ? Must millions of the best laborers in the world be 
 sacrificed from year to year to perpetuate the ambition, 
 jealousy, and extravagance of imperial governments? 
 Will the arts of peace never take the place of the arts of 
 war? Is not the world's history, written in blood by all 
 the indescribable horrors of war, enough to learn the hu- 
 man family that the only hope of happiness and prosperity, 
 of intellectual and moral cultivation, lies in peaceable pur- 
 suits ? What tongue or pen could describe the blessings 
 that would follow in the pathway of peace, if one-half of 
 all the soldiers in the armies of these four great nations 
 would start with all their families and kindred, and go 
 directly to Kansas, and open up honies on her millions of 
 unimproved land? 
 
 Not only vast numbers of human hearts would shout 
 the notes of joy, but God and angels would rejoice at so 
 grand a prospect for civilization and Christianity to the 
 world. 
 
88 (Resources and (bevelopments 
 
 If we could only reach the ear of the struggling millions 
 amid the nations of Europe, and tell them one-half of the 
 story of Kansas, her fields of wealth, her progress in all 
 that makes States great, her wonderful capacity to accom- 
 modate all who wish to come and live within her vast, 
 wide borders, her most rapid improvement, development, 
 and resources, her free schools, her great power of pro- 
 duction, the infinitely greater chances for all who will 
 labor in Kansas, the absolute certainty that all who come 
 have of securing homes and liberty, we believe that great 
 numbers would gather up their effects, more or less, and 
 bid farewell to their native scenes, and their entailed 
 struggles, and with the rapid, cheap modes of travel of 
 the present day, plant themselves down in Kansas as soon 
 as steam and cars could land them there. We would say 
 to one and all, that the happiness and prosperity of 
 themselves, and their posterity after them, rests upon 
 this move. 
 
 Why, then, linger on the bleak hill-sides, or even vine- 
 clad vales of Europe, where no hope of independence 
 brightens the future — nothing but perpetual labor? To 
 live, you must work and struggle, and your children after 
 you. Life's labors become hereditary, and perpetual toil for 
 a mere, scanty living overshadows life's pathway from age 
 to ago. Break the ties, and bid farewell to these fated 
 struggles. Come to America, the land of freedom and 
 free labor, where all enter the chase of life equal, where 
 all can enjoy the fruit of their own honest labor! Plant 
 down in Kansas, where millions of acres of the finest 
 land in the world lay waste, inviting cultivation, and 
 that in latitudes the most productve and in a climate as 
 salubrious and healthy as ever was found. 
 
Of Kansas. 
 
 8g 
 
 Here are free schools to educate your children, and 
 start them with equal rights and chances with all others, 
 "With ordinary care and labor, you are certain to secure 
 good homes and independence for yourselves and children. 
 Come, then, one and alll 
 
go (kesources and (bevelopments 
 
 Population of Kansas. 
 
 Couniiea. 1860. 1870. 
 
 Allen 3,082 7,023 
 
 Anderson 2,393 5,204 
 
 Atchison 7,729 15,472 
 
 Bourbon 6,101 15,102 
 
 Brown 2,607 6,400 
 
 Butler 437 3,072 
 
 Chase 808 1,992 
 
 Cloud 2,323 
 
 Cherokee 11,047 
 
 Clay 163 2,839 
 
 Coffey 2,842 6,201 
 
 Cowley 1,174 
 
 Crawford 7,881 
 
 Davis 1,163 3,996 
 
 Dickinson 378 3,037 
 
 Doniphan 8,083 13,971 
 
 Douglas 8,637 20,582 
 
 Ellis 2,041 
 
 Ellsworth 1,350 
 
 Franklin 3,030 10,259 
 
 Greenwood 759 3,485 
 
 Howard 2,796 
 
 Jackson 1,936 6,053 
 
 Jefferson 4,459 12,526 
 
 Jewell 205 
 
 Johnson 4,364 13,725 
 
 Labette 9,979 
 
 Leavenworth 12,606 32,472 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 Linn 6,336 12,198 
 
 Lyon 3,197 8,016 
 
 Marion 74 767 
 
 Marshall 2,280 7,228 
 
 McPherson 917 
 
 Miami 4,980 11,729 
 
Of Kansas, gi 
 
 Counties. ISOO. 1870. 
 
 Mitchell 498 
 
 Montgomery , 7,613 
 
 Morris 770 2,218 
 
 Nemaha : 2,436 7,296 
 
 Neosho 10,211 
 
 Ness 125 
 
 Osage 1,113 7,631 
 
 Ottawa 1,688 
 
 Pawnee 
 
 Pottowattomie 1,529 7 888 
 
 Kepublic 1,290 
 
 Eice • 
 
 Kiley 1,124 5,104 
 
 Hooks 45 
 
 Kush 75 
 
 Saline 4,206 
 
 Sedgwick 1,096 
 
 Shawnee 3,513 12,940 
 
 Smith 
 
 Wabaunsee 1,023 3,373 
 
 Wallace 378 
 
 Washington 383 3,970 
 
 Wilson 27 694 
 
 Woodson 1,488 3,827 
 
 Wyandotte , 2,609 10,066 
 
 Totals 107,204 353,478 
 
g2 (kesources and (Developntents 
 
 Average Rain Fall, 
 
 The following table, giving the average fall of rain in 
 twenty-one States for a period of ten years, during the four 
 most important months in the year for the growth of vege- 
 tation, silences all questions of drought in Kansas : 
 
 Kansas 19-19 inches. 
 
 New Jersey 17-21 " 
 
 Iowa 17-05 " 
 
 Connecticut 17-70 " 
 
 Massachusetts 16-47 " 
 
 Pennsylvania 16-27 " 
 
 Maryland 16-12 " 
 
 Kentucky 16-12 " 
 
 Maine 16-10 " 
 
 Minnesota 15-91 " 
 
 Ohio 15-75 " 
 
 Indiana 15-50 " 
 
 Missouri 15-37 " 
 
 New York 15-25 " 
 
 Nebraska 14-26 " 
 
 Vermont 14-69 " 
 
 Illinois 14-68 " 
 
 Ehode Island 14-45 " 
 
 New Hampshire 14-27 " 
 
 Wisconsin , 14-15 " 
 
 Michigan 14-01 " 
 
 Thus Kansas has 23 per cent, more rain, when it is 
 needed, than the average of the other great agricultural 
 States. 
 
Of Kansas, g$ 
 
 Pre-emption and Homestead Act. 
 
 "We quote the rules for pre-empting and homesteading, 
 from tlie instructions of one of the land offices in Kansas : 
 
 Pre-emption Act. 
 
 A.ny citizen of the United States (or who has declared 
 his intention to become a citizen), who is the head of a 
 family, or a single man over twenty-one years of age, may 
 pre-empt land not exceeding one hundred and sixty acres. 
 Any person desiring to avail himself of the privileges of 
 the pre-emption act, must, within thirty days from the 
 time he makes a settlement upon the land selected, either 
 in person or through an agent, file a declaratory statement 
 that he lays claim to said land. The land office expenses 
 for such declaratory statement are two dollars. Such de- 
 claratory statement will hold good for one year, provided 
 that he complies with the provisions of the law, which re- 
 quire that he must, as soon as possible, commence improving 
 the land, and within six months erect a comfortable house, 
 and move into it with his family, if he has one. At any 
 time within the year, after he has resided upon and culti- 
 vated the land for six months, he will be allowed to appear 
 at the office with two witnesses, prove up, and pay for the 
 land, either with a warrant or with cash, when the neces- 
 sary certificates, upon which patents are issued, will be 
 furnished him. His proof must show that he erected a 
 house and moved on the land within six months from his 
 application ; that he has broken, fenced, and cultivated a 
 
g^ (Resources and (Developments 
 
 portion of the land, and that he has had a continuous resi- 
 dence thereon from the time he moved on the land. There 
 is no definite amount of improvement, nor number of acres 
 in cultivation ; but the improvement and cultivation must 
 be of an extent and character equal to his ability, all the 
 circumstances being considered, and such as to indicate 
 the intention of the pre-emptor to make it his home. 
 
 Homesteads. 
 
 All the provisions relating to the pre-emptor are appli- 
 cable to the person desiring to take a homestead, with the 
 exception that each individual is permitted to take one 
 hundred and sixty acres at the minimum, $1.25 per acre, 
 or eighty acres at the maximum price, $2.50 per acre. 
 The law is applicable to both the offered and unoffered 
 lands. 
 
 The applicant, in addition to his application, must make 
 affidavit that he is over the age of twenty-one or the head 
 of a family, a citizen of the United States, or filed his in- 
 tention to become such, and that the entry is made for his 
 own exclusive use and benefit, and for actual settlement 
 and cultivation. Upon the presentation of such applica- 
 tion and affidavit, and the payment of the office fees, he 
 will receive his first papers. In five years from the time 
 his first papers are issued, his last papers (upon which the 
 patent is secured) will be issued to him, provided that he 
 come to the office, and by the testimony of two witnesses, 
 proves that he has actually resided upon and cultivated 
 the land. An absence of six months will be considered an 
 abandonment, and is a sufficient reason for a cancellation 
 of his entry. 
 
 Under the provisions of both the pre-emption and home- 
 stead acts, it is not sufficient that the land shall be occu- 
 
Of Kansas. g^ 
 
 pied by tlae employment of a tenant, but the applicant 
 must himself personally occupy and cultivate the land he 
 seeks to enter. JSTeither is it sufficient that he should 
 simply go upon the land occasionally every six months. 
 He must make it his home. He must occupy and make such 
 cultivation and improvement as to indicate that he has no 
 other home, and that his absence has, only been for pur- 
 poses of business, a visit, or for such purposes as necessity 
 requires. 
 
 If he desires, he will be allowed, whenever he can prove 
 that he has resided upon and cultivated the land for six 
 months, and has not abandoned it, to commute, under the 
 eighth section of the homestead act, and pay for the land 
 with warrants or cash, the same as if he was a pre-emptor. 
 
i<»*l^*i^^ * * * «« A^AA<b^AAi^l>AA^A<hAA^4,^^^<fc^^,fcA^^,^^^^^^J^^^,^^^^ 
 
 K^NSA-S 
 
 HER 
 
 Resources and Developments 
 
 KANSAS PILOT 
 
 QIVIXQ A DIRECT ROAD TO 
 
 I-HOIs^ES IFOI^ E^EII^^BOIDY 
 
 THE EFFECT OF LATITUDES ON LIFE LOCATIONS, WITH IMPOKT- 
 ANT FACTS FOR ALL EUROPEAN EMIGRANTS 
 
 BY WAYNE GEISWOLD, M. D. 
 
 CINCINNATI 
 I^OBEE,T GLA-K-ICE & GO 
 
 1871 
 I I » m » I ^^^ 
 
To Advertisers ! 
 
 A large Second Edition of the 
 
 lEC^l^SJ^S IPILOT 
 
 Will be issued in May. 
 
 Land Agents, Companies, Railroads, or 
 
 General Dealers, 
 Wishing to advertise through this medium, should make 
 application at once, as the advertising sheet will be limited. 
 
 Address^ 
 
 GRISWOLl) S' BOWERS, 
 
 Circleville, Ohio, 
 
 Or ROBER T CLARKE ^ CO. 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
Books for Farmers. 
 
 Land Drainage. 
 
 The Principles and Practice of Land Drainage, telling all about 
 WHERE, WHEN AND HOW TO DRAIN. 
 
 A Detailed Explanation of the Effects and Advantages of Drainage. A 
 full Description of the various kinds of Drains, with Directions for their 
 Construction, the Manufacture of Drain Tile, etc., etc. With nearly 
 lOO engravings. By John H. Klippart, author of " The Wheat 
 Plant," etc., etc. 
 
 2d Edition, i vol. 12 mo. cloth. Price, $1.75. 
 
 Grape Culture. 
 
 Vineyard Culture, Improved and Cheapened. By A. DuBreuil. With 
 Notes and Adaptations to American Culture, by Dr. John A. Warder, 
 author of "American Pomology." With 144 illustrations. 
 I vol. 12 mo. cloth. Price, $2.00. 
 
 Wine Making. 
 
 The Wine Maker's Manual : a Plain, Practical Guide to all the Opera- 
 tions for the Manufacture of Still and Sparkling Wines, embracing 
 Chapters on the Vintage, When and How to Pick and Cull Grapes; 
 Preparations for Wine-making; the Ingredients and Improvements of 
 "Must;" Fermentation and the Changes produced by it; the Heating 
 or Firing, Keeping and Bottling of Wines; Still, Sparkling, Sweet, 
 Spiced, and Frozen Wines; Wine Colors ; the Constituents, Acidity, 
 and Ailments of Wines ; Artificial and Imitation Wines. The work 
 also contains full instructions for making Cider, Fruit, and Berry Wines, 
 etc., etc. By Charles Reemelin. 
 
 I vol. lamo. Cloth. Price, 81.25. 
 
 Any of the above sent by mail, prepaid, on receipt of the 
 price. A Catalogue of Agricultural Books sent, gratis, oji 
 application, by 
 
 ROBERT CLARKE & CO. 
 
 Publishers^ 
 
 CINCINNATI, O. 
 
— " -" 
 
 PICTURES OF KANSAS. 
 
 DESCEIPTIVE 8CE]^ES 
 
 A VAST AMOUNT OF 
 
 Interesting Facts for all tvJio want Cheaj> Homes. 
 
 The thousands interested in Kansas, and the millions 
 who wish to find good homes, should get this book. Here 
 is all they want to learn about Kansas. 
 
 l^ailroad comj)anies and large land companies will find 
 this book, with its historical scenes and objects, and the 
 numerous sketches and statistics about Kansas, the best 
 advertisement they can gQt. Yast numbers of this work are 
 already selling and circulating over the country. Dealers 
 in books and periodicals, and all news sellers in towns, 
 cities, and on railroads, should keep a constant supply of 
 this work. A good agent wanted in every town, city, and 
 county in the United States to canvass for the sale of this 
 book. They can make from ten to twenty-live dollars per 
 day. Everybody wauts to know about Kansas — where to 
 buy cheap homes, with rich, fertile land. 
 
 gives the road, and all important information, in this pic- 
 torial history of nearly one hundred pages, and a great 
 number of interesting scenes and objects, for the small sum 
 of fifty cents. Liberal terms given to all dealers and can- 
 vassers. 
 
 Single copies sent to anybody, postage free, for 
 50 cents 
 
 Any orders for this work will be promptly filled by 
 
 ROBERT CLARKE & CO., 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio, 
 GRISWOLD & BO WE US, 
 
 Cirdevi/le, Ohio. 
 
 ' ^ I I » » > 1 1 1 
 
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