D 629 .U7 D4 Copy 1 li-^ HISTORY OF Oiniatedl ^irsay OeinKirrnD IH!©^pntefl M(0)a 3S DETROIT, MICHIGAN 19 19 Lt. Col. Alexander T. Cooper, M. C. COMMANDING History of United States Army General Hospital No. 36 DETROIT, MICHIGAN LT. COL, ALEXANDER T, COOPER, M. C. COMMANDING By Frazbr Hood, 1st Lieut., S. C. POST HISTORIAN 19 19 M PREFACE The plan of the History herewith submitted is, first, to give in running narrative the story of the beginning and development of the Hospital, followed by accounts in more detail of the activities of the several Services and De- ments, and closing with a chapter devoted to the work of the American Red Cross and auxiliary organizations, the Y. M. C. A., K. of C, Jewish Welfare Board, A. L. A., etc. There is an appendix containing the Roster of the Army Nurse Corps, Reconstruction Aides and the enlisted per- sonnel. The roster of the commissioned personnel will be found at the close ol Chapter H. It was thought advisable to begin the History with a brief account of the Hospital's activities before it was taken over by the government as a reconstruction hospital. The data for this part of the History was secured by the editor from Mr. E. G. Liebold, the private secretary of Mr. Henry Ford. For assistance in writing the description of equipment the editor is indebted to Mr. Charles Koehler, chief engineer of the hospital. Acknowledgments are due to Lieutenant-Colonel Cooper and Major Geiorge F. Arps for the kindly interest manifested, and to Majors Roscoe Sen- senich^ Shirley W. Bowles and Lieuts. R. H. Leece and Aug- ust Siedler for helpful assistance tendered during the writ- ing of this History. Major H. D. Hatfield began this His- tory, but his discharge from thei service terminated his work. He had, however, collected material which has been valuable to the editor in his work. Obligations to Major Hatfield are here» acknowledged. LIEUTENANT FRAZER HOOD, S. C, Post Historian. U. S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 36, DETROIT. MICHIGAN, JULY 7, 1919. _ ? TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages CHAPTER I. Pre- War History of Hospital 5-18 CHAPTER 11. Activities Since the War 18-23 CHAPTER HI. Description of Plant and Equipment 23-29 CHAPTER IV. Surgical Service 29-36 CHAPTER V. Medical Service 36-41 CHAPTER VI. Educational Service 41-50 CHAPTER VII. Dental Service 51-54 CHAPTER VIII. Utilities, Personnel and Registrar 54-60 CHAPTER IX. Hospital Newspaper 60-63 CHAPTER X. Red Cross and Auxiliary Organizations 63-70 Appendix. OPPORTUNITY They do me wrong who say I come no more, When once I knock and fail to find you in; For every day I stand outside your door. And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win. Wail not for precious chances passed away, Weep not for golden ages on the wane! Each night I burn the records of the day; At sunrise every soul is born again! Laugh like a boy at splendors that have sped, To vanished joys be blind and deaf and dumb; My judgments seal the dead past with its dead. But never bind a moment yet to come. Though deep in mire, wring not your hands and weep; I lend my arm to all who say, "I can." No shamefaced outcast ever sank so deep. But yet might rise and be again a man! Dost thou behold thy lost youth all aghast? Dost reel from righteous Retribution's blow? Then turn from blotted archieves of the past. And find the future's pages white as snow. Art thou a mourner? Rouse thee from thy spell! Art thou a sinner? Sins may be forgiven! Each morning gives thee wings to flee from hell, Each night a star to guide thy feet to heaven. —WALTER MALONE. CHAPTER I. PRE-WAR HISTORY It will be meet to begin the story of the beginning and development of U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36, by a brieif sketch of the pre-war history of the hospital, which gave itself so generously to the Government — a hospital, owned by and bearing the name of Henry Ford. Some eight years ago, the»re was a corporation formed, in the City of Detroit, for the purpose of erecting a hos- pital, to be designed and equipped along the linft of the latest improvements in hospital construction. Into this corporation, Mr. Henry Ford paid $110,000 in money and material, this being one-sixth of the capital stock. After op- erations had begun, and when four buildings were partly completed, there arose a disagreement among the original stockholders, as to the extent of equipment, and the policy that should govern the opevration of the hospital. During several months of discussion among the stockholders, Mr. Ford finally made the proposition that he would pay par- value for the stock owned by the other members of the corporation. The proposition was accepted and Mr. Ford became sole owner of, what was called at the time the Government took over the plant, The Henry Ford Hospital. It was in 1914, while work was still in progress on the first building, that Mr. Ford assumed control. It was not until August 15, 1915, that the hospital opened its doors to re- ceive its first patients. During the time from assuming control until the open- ing of the hospital, Mr. Ford was making diligent investi- gation of all the great hospitals of America, and Europe, for the purpose of acculating a good deal of material that he could use in bringing to fruition his idea of what a mod- ern, well appointed, and scientifically equipped hospital should be. He» found that one of the very essential fea- tures about a hospital is the kitchen. The main kitchen, in connection with this hospital, might well be taken as a model for future construction. Its spacious proportions; its ventilation; fume hoods; tiled floor, enameled walls and ceiling makes it easy to keep clean and sanitary. Its large pantries and store-rooms enable the work to be donei with the least possible waste of time. It is thoroughly modern in its equipment of ranges, kettles, dishwashing machines, etc. It is, perhaps, in the construction of the surgical build- ing that the most care was expended.There are twelve operating rooms, all inter-connecting, and each with a door opening into the main corridor. There Is a double heating plant that obviates exigencies that would arise, should there be but one heating plant and it should go dead. The system oT ventilation permits the tight closing of all the doors and windows in the operating rooms and the heat- ing arrangements are constructed with a view of varying the temperature and humidity of the air. The system of sterilization provides for sterilized cold water, as well as hot water. And the plumbing is chosen, with a view to contributing all that is possible to the convenience of the operating surgeons and assistants. Since the original idea of Mr. Ford in the founding of his hospital was to maket it a place where research would be carried on it was necessary to provide facilities for pre- senting the results of investigation. One of these facilities is a large, wejl lighted and ventilated amphitheatre. The first impression one gets when he enters this amphitheatre is that some attention has been paid to aesthetic demands. In size, decorative effects and lighting, it appeals to one's sense of harmony and proportion. This amphitheatre is in direct connection with each of the twelve operating rooms, so that for clinical purposes it is readily available. The system of artificial lighting, in this amphitheatro, is well deserving of special mention. The overhead system is employed, and after repeated experiment, the architect was able to secure a result that prevented anj'^ interference of light, such as shadow effects. 6 By way of parenthesis, I am reminded that but for this splendid amphitheatre the administration of the Army Hospital would have been greatly handicapped. For a long time, it was the only place of public assembly that we had at the. post. Since then, the construction of a Y. M. C. A. hut and a Red Cross building have met the .grovjins: audi- torium demands. Another agency, contributing toward the idea of re- search, is the original laboratory of the hospital. This equipment includes an entire building, connected with the surgical department by means of a long corridor. The Laboratory Building provides space, interior arrangement, and proper lighting facilities for the conduct of the various branches of laboratory science. The fourth building in the original plan is the Medical building, 180x46 feiet, with basement and three floors. In the basement of this structure is installed the hydro-thera- putic department, with all modern appointments. On each of the three floors are rooms with baths and a die* kitchen, dressing and utilities rooms. In 1917 was begun the main building intended to provide 500 single rooms with bath and toilet. This structure has a frontage of 703 feett and an average width of 117 feet, and when finally completed, according to plans, will be perfect in all details. Mr. Albert C. Wood was the architect of the hospital. The plans were decided upon after a number of months of study by Mr. Liebold and Mr. Wood of the largest and most modern Jhospitals throughout the country. The predominant motive of Mr. Ford, in the construction of his hospital was service. He deeired this to be a place where men and women in need of medical examination, could come and have, at their disposal the best that medi- cal science could give. And since serving the public was the main thought that conceived the hospital, the fact that at first the hospital was especially functioning as a place for the treatment of drug addicts is explained by the fact that when it first opened to receive patients the most urgent need need at the time was the service to those poor unfortunates, who had become addicted to the use of drugs, and found themselves in dire plight, as they faced the stringent federal law governing the sale of narcotics. But it was never intended that this should be the mam service that it would offer to the public. If there can be said to be a main idea it can be expressed by saying that the hospital is a place for diagnosis more than for treatment. It was in this latter role that the Henry Ford Hospital was functioning, when the generous offer was made to the Government to turn over this splendid plant for use of the Army as a reconstruction hospital for disabled sailors and soldiers. CHAPTER II. ACTIVITIES SINCE THE WAR Me>asured in terms of years, U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36 has hardly lived long enough to have made histoiy; but measured by its activities, it has no mean story to chronicle. Beginning to function as a reconstruction hos- pital only in February, 1919, when its first overseas patients arrived, there is yet a story to tell of the busy months preceding the admission of overseas patients — months in which the most careful preparation was made to begin the work immediately the first patients arrived. The lease renting the entire hospital buildings and grounds was drawn up and signed on October 5, 1918, Mr. Ford leasing the hospital to the Medical De»partment of the Army for the sum of $1.00 per year, the lease being re- newable yearly during the poriod of the war at the option of the Government and was not to run for more than thirty years or more than eighteen months after declaration of peace between the United States and Germany. The lease was signed by Mr. E. G. Liebold for the Henry Ford Hos- pital and Lieut. Colonel John A. Hornsby for the Medical Department. On October 30, 1918, Lieut. Col. Alexander T. Cooper, Mesdical Corps, arrived in Detroit to assume command of 8 this hospital and found only one officer, Captain Louis R. Douglas, Q. M. C. who had been, since October 6, on temp- orary duty as construction quartermaster. The main build- ing was far from completion, and there was neither Army Nurse Corps nor eoilisted personnel. But on November 5, 1918, Captain Robert Peterson, Sanitary Corps, reported for duty and was assigned Adjutant, and in connection with his other duties, Assistant Personnel and Mess Officer. November 8, Captain Roy T. Urquhart, Medical Corps, and on November 11, 2nd Lieut. Walter H. Hemmingway, San- itary Corps, reported for duty, the former as temporary mess officer, and the latter, temporary detachment com- mander. On November 14, 2nd Lieut. Charles E. Ander- son, Quartermaster Corps, reported for duty, on the 23rd inst. Major Henry D. Hatfitjld, Medical Corps, reported for duty and assigned chief of surgical service. November 25, Captain Thedore H. Williams, Q. M. C. on the 27th, First Lieut. Stanley J. Se>eger, Medical Corps, on the 28th, Second Lieut. James H. Handy, Q. M. C. and on the 30th, Captain John H. Christie reported as quartermaster. Captain Wil- liams as officer in charge of utilities, and Lieut. Handy as assistant to him In the meantime. Miss Mabel C. Kirk- patrick, A. N. C, had reported for duty as chief nurse from Fort Riley, Kansas, and fourteen nurses from Fort Wayne, and twenty-eight medical detachment men from Camp Cus- ter, arrived for duty. Thus the hospital began to assume form and vesture. Mr. Cotton, field auditor, who arrived on the same day as Colonel Cooper, remained at the. hospital until April 1, 1919. Scarcity of labor and difficulties of assembling material delayed the completion of the main building in the hospital plan, and because the othea- buildings on the ground were taxed to capacity to house the nurse corps, enlisted person- nel, administration offices, and store equipment which had begun to arrive*, it was not possible to receive overseas patients before the last of February. During the month of January, the influenza epidemic compelled the authorities to improvise a ward in the corridor connecting the old hos- pital buildings. Notwithstanding over 150 admissions for influenza among the command, no deaths resulted among the officers, nurses or enlisted men on the post. But while there were no overseas sick and wounded to care for, there was much work to do in assembling and placing the equipment, supervising the alterations necessary to fit the plant for reconstruction purposes and organizing the sev- eral de^partments and getting them in readiness for the service awaiting to be rendered. The amount of altera- tions was by no means inconsiderable. To most of the officers, recently eintering the army from civil life Army, the ideas of Reconstruction Hospitals v/ere but dimly en- visaged, and il va sans dire, the methods of proceedure were far from clear. So that the first three months after the hospital became a Government agency, were a period of adjustment. How well the hospital has done its work is told best in the lives of the patients who have come under its care. At first there wea-e many forces to be coordinated, many in- divualities to be orchestrated. The history of Number 36 is the story of how the medical surgical and educational officers came to see what part thei coordinated agencies play in the restoration of disabled limbs, shattered nervous system and the other war disabilities, the story of how educational officeirs learned more and more, the big part medicine and surgery play in the learning process, how the physician came to appreciate the curative workshop, how each came to appreciate the service which Dentistry offers, and how the considerate and tactful military dici- pline tended toward a well organized and orderly hospital. In the Surgical Service, the>re have been two chiefs. Major Henry D. Hatfield, who began this history and whose work is herewith acknowledged serving for just a brief time, and Major Frederick G. Dyas, since January 3, 1919. As head of the Department of Orthopaedics, Major Fred- erick C. Kidner has been on duty since February 27, 1919. Since nearly all of the cases in the hospital are classi- fiable as Orthopaedic, Major Kidner has borne a large 10 share of the responsibility. Serving under Major Kidner are, besides the assistant surgeions, the physio-therapy aidee. Captain Tom S. Mebane is first assistant, and Cap- tain Carrol L. Storey is in charge of the brace shop. The medical service has had threie chiefs. The first, Major Ernest B. Bradley, serving until January 15, 1919, when Major Phillip A. Sheaff became chief, serving until March 19, 1919, when Major Roscoe L. Senseinich became chief. Lieut. Robert N. Bramhall is assistant chief of service . Major Shirley W. Bowles, D. C, has been chief of the deaital service since December 12, 1918. Major George F. Arps, S. C, is chief of the educational service, and has been since Dece,mber 12, 1918, at which time, also, the assistant chief of the educational service, First Lieut. Frazer Hood, S. C, re.ported for duty. The quartermaster and supply officer, of the hospital, is Captain John H. Christie, Q. M. C, who has been continu- ously on duty since November 30, 1918. This has been a most ejfficiently directed department, and the work has steadily been increasing in efficiency and amount. The personnel adjutant, and registrar is First Lieut. Aug- ust Siedler, S. C. The report from the- personnel office gives the following interesting details. The Commanding Officer arrived on October 30, 1918; November 23, 1918, the first detachment of enlisted men arrived from Camp Custer, Michigan, tw*enty-eight men; December 14, 1918, detachment of three hundred and eighty men arrived from Camp GTeenleaf, Ga. On November 23, 1918, the first nurse. Miss Mable C. Kirkpatrick, reported for duty as chief nurse; on the 23rd instant, fourteen nurses arrived from Fort Wayne, Michigan, and on the 25th of Decembeo: the hospital received a Christmas present, in the person of forty nurses from Fort Riley, Kansas. The number of en- listed men, June 20, 1919: Medical De{)artment, 489; Quartermaster Corps, 2; Motor Transport Corps, 33; Ord- ance Corps, 1. 11 The registrar's office shows that November 25, 1918, was the date the first patient was received in this hos- pital. The total number of admissions to June 20, 1919, is 1,990. The date of arrival of first detachment of overseas patients was February 20, 1919. The number of patients In the hospital June 20, 1919, was 669. Of the admissions, to the hospital, 363 have been from command, 1,179 by transfer from other hospitals; and 85 from other sources. The dispositions show 873 returned to duty; 55 discharged for disability; 1 died; 38 transferred to other hospitals; 76 otherwise disposed of. Remaining in hospital 592, in quarters, 14. Days lost in hospital, 45,618 and in quarters, 1,901. These figures are for ofiicers and enlisted men. For nurses, the following: Admitted from command, 33; by transfer from other hospitals, 3; re- turned to duty, 26; otherwise disposed of, 2; remaining in hospital, 8; days lost in hospital, 432, in quarters, 60. The figures for civilian employes show admissions to the hos- pital, 29; of these a died; otherwise disposed of, 22; re*- maining in hospital, 4; days lost in hospital, 175. The hospital dispensary opened December 9, 1918. The number of prescriptions filled to June 20, 1919, was 4,867. The sectional case system is used in the dispensary, and there are three men on duty there, all graduate pharma- cists. The Utilities department has had three heads. The first was Captain Theo. H. Williams, Q. M. C, who reported for duty November 25, 1918. Second Lieut. Roy B. Martin, Q. M. C, who reported for duty December 20, as assistant officer, was later made officer in charge or Utilities and served until June, 1919, v/hen Major E. W. Briggs reported from Camp Devens, Mass., and assumed control. The civilian employes in the Utilities department are the chief engineer, Mr. Charles Koeler, who was the chief engineer under the Ford management, one assistant engineer, four; head plumbers, one; janitor, four; chief eloctricians, one; head carpenter, two; laborers, four. Besides these, there are 30 enlisted men, four plumbers, t^ight carpenters, six 12 electricians, four firemen, four oilers, two stock-room clerks, one clerk, one orderly. The Motor Transport Corps is a most important adjunct to the hospital. Second Lieut. Ralph J. Gainey is the officer in charge. He has under him four non-commis- sioned officers and 37 men. The equipment consists of seven ambulances, four Federal trucks, on^ light Dodge truck, and one light Ford truck, seven Dodge touring cars, two roadsters, four side cars. It was on December fifth that the> first five men of the M. T. C. arrived at U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36 from Fort Sheridan, 111. Second Lieut. R. J. Gainey, M. T. C, reached this post on Decembej* 14, and took charge of the four big trucks, the two small trucks and the three passenger cars that made up the stock in trade of the M. T. C. at that timet Growth in this department was rapid. By the middle of January there had been added seven ambulances, six tour- ing cars and four motorcycles. Sgt. Harold J. Lee» ap- peared on the scene with fifteen men. The first month was a busy one. Beside answering night calls when some> patient on furlough was taken ill, and hauling supplies from the Holden avenue siding to Fort street, and from Fort street to the hospital, and meeting trains, the men of the M. T. C. justified their right to quarters in the service building, close to the garage where the machines, and the 1,000 gallon gasoline tank was situated. In all, each of the passenger cars has traveled more than 6,000 miles since December, while the light trucks have coveresd a similar distance. The motorcycles have checked up 2,500 miles each, and the ambulances, 1,000 miles. Practically all the work of the ambulances has been in meeting patie/nts at the Michigan Central station, day and night. Ninety-three wounded men was the largest unit handled. Lieutent Gainey believe»3 the total number of patieints transported Is in the neighborhood of 1,500. 13 No serious accidents have occurred during the life of the M. T. C. here, but there have been minor mechanical diffi- culties enough to keep four repair men constantly at work. Starting with a detachment of fifteen Medical Corps men, the number of soldiers on duty at the hospital was increased to 385 when 380 men arrived here from Camp Greenleaf, Ga., on December 14, 1918, with Captain William C. Squier and Lieut. Mack in command. Captain Squier returned to Camp Gre»enleaf but on Jan- uary 2 reported again at this hospital and was assigned as detachment commander. Regular military retreat is held every evening at the hospital when all men an duty are required to attend. The first piece of work done by de- tachment men at the hospital was moving to the hospital building, the first patient, a woman. The personnel is headed by Captain William C. Squier, detachment commander; Lieut. Austin W. Heine, M. C, first assistant; and Lieut, Ralph J. Gainey, Inf., second assistant. Sixty me^n have been recruited for the Motor Transport Corps of which Lieut. Gainey is in command. The non-commissioned offiicers of the personnel staff are Martin L. Early, first sergeant, who is acting detach- ment sergeant major; Hosp. Sgt. Raymond Emery, acting as provost sergeant; Sgt. 1st cl. Raymond Flint, in charge of correspondence; Sgt. David Miller, record office; Sgt. James Wray, assigning of details; Sgt. Justice McCreary, record office; and Sgt, 1st cl. John Senkel, in charge of medical detachment supplies. William M. Paulick, pvt. 1st cl., has been detailed to many duties in the detachment office. There are four companies in the detachment. A, B, C, and D. These are in charge of Sgt. 1st cl. Stiles East; Sgt. 1st cl. Orion L. Noble; Sgt. Ist cl. Leroy M. Mallory; and Sgt. 1st. cl. Lf^e H. Gruetetf". The mess sergeant is Sgt. 1st, cl. John D. Clarke. The headquarter's office, is of course, the heart of the administration of the hospital. Captain Robert Peterson, 14 Sanitary Corps, as post Adjutant, is the directing head of this clearing house of all Army paper work. The Adjutant relieves the commanding officer of all matters that do not require his personal attention, and is responsible that all orders and instructions of the Commanding Officer are executed. The organization of this department is: Sergeant Major, Maste)r Hospital Sergeant, John W. Martin. Paper work of all departments must pass through this department, where it is checked and passed upon and copy filed before it is sent out. Here, also, all orders of the commanding officer are prepared, distributed and recorded. Sergeant, First Class Harold H. Smith has charge of paper work and record in connection with courts martial, leaves of absence and special orders. Sejigeant 1st CI. A. Tabb Bassett, handles all paper work concerning disposition of patients and certificates of disability for discharge. Corporal Ben- jamin B. Barrack is in charge of orderlies. Private First Class William Bryer, in charge of supplies, Private First Class Joseph Coberly, head orderly; Private First Class Glen H. Rose, Privates Howard E. Fulton, John Milka, An- thony Pepe, orderlies. Miss Caroline Hall in charge of paper work concerning reconstruction Aides and discharg- ing of officers, Miss Vera Frost, in charge of files. Miss Pru- dence Rich, stenographer to the adjutant, Mr. Robert Pal- mer, stenographer to the Commanding Officer, completes the personnel. The accuracy of his work, the familiarity with Army Reg- ulations and the clerical judgment of the Adjutant, have made him a very valuable member of the hospital. xMORALE BRANCH Major George F. Arps — Hospital Morale Officer. First Lieut. Walter Ketchum, Chaplain — Assistant Mor- ale Officer. Second Lieut. Donald C. Drake — Assistant Morale officer. On December 13, 1918, by Special Order No. 17, Major George F. Arps was appointed morale officer for this com- 15 mand, Vice-Captain, Theodore H. Williams, Q. M. C. In view of the low state of morale among practically the entire command of this hospital, as this hospital was or- ganized after the signing of the armistice and of the uni- versal desire on the part of enlisted men and officers to be immediately discharged from the service because it was considered that the task of whipping the Hun had been accomplished, the work of the morale oflSce presented problems of no inconsiderable importance and complexity. In these circumstances it was thought desirable to enlist the active cooperation of the more important civic forces of the City of Detroit. Moreover it was thought desirable to centralize» all recre- ational activities conducted by semi- or extra-military or- ganization, such as the Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., K .of C, Salvation Army, and others, under the geoieral supervision of the morale oflBcer. It was believed that this would tend to coordinate the activities of these, organizations; prevent wasteful duplication of effort and duplication of entertain- ment, and that the unification of these various organiza- tions would prevent possible conflict or interference with military duties or with such special entertaimnents which might come to the hospital under independent auspices. To secure the desired ends, the commanding oflicer of this post issued Memoranda Nos. 26 and 45. From the latter memorandum, the following paragraphs are quoted: "Two main groups of recreational activities under the direction of extra or semi-military organizations, are hereby established at this general hospital. "The first group pertains to those recreational a'jtivi- ties for enlisted pei'sonnel outside of the hospital grounds. Home entertainments, dinners, parties, dances, theatre par- ties, and like activities fall into this group. The two re- sponsible ends of the machinery for this group are the War Camp Community Service, represented by Mr. Eswald Pettitt, executive secretary, as civic end. ami Secon stern realities of civil life, and insists that nothing must be done to incapacitate him, or to un- dermine his self-respect, self-reliance, and initiative — all of which are factors essential to success in civil life, wheoi or- ganized relief agencies are not as readily accessible. These cardinal principles have always controlled tho work of the morale office at this post. March 6, 1919, at U. S. A. General Hospital No. 36, was made memorable by the ceTQmony in connection with the presentation to the post of a large silken national flag. This was a gift from the General O. M. Poe's Woman's Relief Corps No. 8, Auxiliary to the* Grand Army of the Republic. One hundred members of this organization assembled in the foyer of the administration building to make the presentation, which was reiceived on the part of the hospital, by Lieut. Col. Cooper, commanding officer. Mi-s. Anna M. Earle, patriotic instructor of the General O. M. Poe's Woman's Relief Corps No. 8 in presejiting the flag said that while her organization was formed to serve as best they may, the "Boys in Blue," she felt it was a most fitting thing to do to show their intctrest in the "Boys in Khaki" as Vt^ell, and no better symbol of their love for the boys in olive drab could be found than the Stars and Stripes. In the glow of the sheen of Old Glory, she felt the boys in the hospital could be reminded that her or- ganization felt an interest in them. In addition to Mi-s. Earless speech of presentation, Mrs. Evelyn Grensere, post department, president of the corps, and Mr. Tucker made short addresses. Mrs. McCrum added a touch of patriotic ferver by singing a number of national songs. The flag has been appreciated more and 18 more since its presentation and has served the double, pur- pose of a national emblem and a geurdon to be gained by that ward which shows the best inspection re.port. Wherever in the hospital it may be found, it stands for an evidence of the high military esprit and sanitary conditions of the ward. Of more than ordinary interest is the fact that three De- troit doctors who served as medical officers overseas re- ported at the hospital to receive their discharges. Theo^ were Col. Angus McLean, Lieut. Col. Theodore A. McGraw, and Col. Burt R. Shurley. The following is a chronologically arranged list of the officers who are now or who were at one time associated with the hospital: Douglas, Louis R., Capt., Q. M. C, reported October 6, 1918; assigned as construction Q. M.; transferred. Cooper, A. T.. Lieut. Col. M. C. reported, October 30, 1918; assumed command. Peterson, Robert, Captain, S. C; reported November 6. 1918; assigned as adjutant. Urquahart, Roy T., Capt., M. C, reported November 8. 1918; discharged February 22, 1919. Hemingway, Walter H., 2nd Lt., S. C, reported November 11, 1918; assigned as detachment commander; transferred to U. S. A. General Hospital No. 21, June 3, 1919. Anderson, Charles B., 2nd Lt. Q. M. C, reported Novem- ber 14, 1918 for duty as Q. M.; discharged April 4, 1918. Hatfield, Heniy D., Major, M. C, reported November 23, 1918. Williams, Theo. H., Capt. Q. M. C. reported November 25. 1918 for duty as utilities officer; transfered to Camp Grant on Junei 20, 1919. Seeger, Stanley J.. 1st Lt. M. C. reported November 27, 1918; discharged January 22, 1919. Handy, James H., 2nd Lt.. Q. M. C, reported November 28, 1918 for duty as assistant to officer in charge of utilities. Christie, John H., Capt., Q. M. C, reported November 30. 1918 for duty as quartermaster. Baker, Horace M., 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 1, 1918. 19 Platner, Wm. D., 1st Lt., Q .M, C, reported December 2, 1918 for duty as assistant to Q. M.; transferred to Langley Field, Va., January 22, 1919. Siedler, August, 1st Lt., S. C, reported December 3, 1918. Heine, Austin Wm., 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 5, 1918. Bradley, Ernest B., Major, M. C, reported December 6, 1918; discharged March 21, 1919. Burnham, Melvin, Capt., M. C, reported December 7, 1918; transferred to Camp Beauregard, February 9, 1919. Miller, Charles Dale, 1st. Lt., S .C, reported December 7, 1918. Pope, William Hansford, Capt. M. C, reported Decem- ber 8, 1918. Cutter, Erving Samuel, Capt., M. C, reported December 10, 1918; discharged. Arps, George F., Major, S. C, reported December 12, 1918 for duty as chief of education service. Bowles, Shirley West, Major, D. C, reported December 12, 1918. Hood, Frazer, 1st. Lt., S. C, reported December 12, 1918; assigned as assistant chief of eiducational service. Fox, Delbert Chester, 1st. Lt, M. C, reported December 6, 1918 ; discharged January 28, 1919. Metheny, Albert Ralstin, Capt., M. C, reported December 16, 1918; transferred January 20 to Camp Grant, III. Marshall, Victor Fred, Capt,, M. C, reported December 16, 1918; discharged February 5, 1919. Gainey, Ralph J., 2nd. Lt., Inf., reported December 16, 1918. Martin, Roy B., 2nd. Lt., Q. M. C, reported December 20, 1918 for duty as assistant officer in charge of utilities. Mitchell, Edward D., Capt., M. C, reported December 25, 1918, discharged March 29> 1919. Hines, Harley Cameron, 2nd Lt., S. C, reported December 26, 1918. Baade, Lester F., 1st Lt Q. M. C, reported December 20, 1918 for duty as assistant to quarteirmaster. Shelden, Ellsworth,' 1st Lt., M. C, reported December 30, 1918, transferred to Erie Proving Ground, Ohio, January 23, 1919. Squier, Wm. C, Capt, M. C, reported January 2, 1919. 20 Armstrong, Arthur S., Capt. M. C, reported January 3, 1919; discharged February 5, 1919. Allen, Wm. H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 3, 1919. Dyas, Frederick G., Major, M. C, reported January 3, 1919. Ehrhardt, Raymond P., 2nd Lt., Q. M. C, reported Janu- ary 3, 1919; discharged May 7, 1919. Crockett, Frank S., Capt., M. C, reported January 6, 1919, discharged February 4, 1919. McKim, Gordon B\, Capt, M. C, reported January 6, 1919 ; discharged January 16, 1919. Kirksey, Oscar T., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 7, 1919. Thomas, Adrian, 2nd. Lt., S. C, reported January 9, 1919. Hughes, James W., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 11, 1919. Seale, Joseph P., Capt, M. C, reported January 13, 1919. Bramhall, Robert N., Capt., reported January 15. 1919. Klemptner, Dietrich, 1st Lt., M. C, reported January 13, 1919; discharged May 26, 1919. Sheaff, Phillip A., Major, M. C, reported January 15, 1919; discharged March 30, 1919. Smith, Francis H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 18, 1919; discharged March 30, 1919. Ingher, Erving S., 1st. Lt, M. C, reported January 22, 1919; discharged May 25, 1919. Cowen, Leon B., Ist Lt., M. C, reported January 23, 1919; transferred to Camp Custer May 21, 1919. Reudemann, Rudolph H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 25, 1919; discharged May 26, 1919. Cole, Frederick S. 1st. Lt., M. C, reported January 27, 1919. Murtha, Arthur V., 1st Lt, M. C, reported January 29, 1919. Mebane, Tom S., Capt., M. C, reported January 29, 1919. Boughton, Guy C, Major, M. C. reported February 3, 1919; discharged Feb. 28, 1919. Chalet, Jacob N., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 5, 1919; discharged May 16, 1919. Drummond, John F., 1st. Lt., D. C, reported February 3, 1919; discharged May 21, 1919. 21 Clift, Myron W., Major, M. C, reported February 9, 1919; discharged May 7, 1919. Shalek, Victor J., Ist. Lt., D. C, reported Feb. 10, 1919; discharged May 4, 1919. Scholes, Paul Sheldon, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 16, 1919. Harris, Earl R., Capt., M. C, reported February 22, 1919. Fox, Edward F., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 24, 1919; dischargcxi April 24, 1919. Demong, Charles W., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 26, 1919. Engberg, Edward John, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported February 26, 1919; discharged May 19, 1919. Kidner, Frederick C, Major, M. C, reported February 27, 1919. Bittkevr, I., 1st., Lt., M. C, reported February 28, 1919; discharged. Leece, Robert H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 2, 1919. Sinkel, Richard E., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 15, 1919. Stanbro Gregory E., Capt., M. C, reported March 17, 1919. McRae, Donald H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 18, 1919. SecLsenich, Roscoe L., Major, M. C, reported March 19, 1919. Leitch, Arthur E., Capt., M. C, reported March 22, 1919; discharged in May. Sage, Edward O., Capt, M. C, reported March 21 1919. Niles, Wm. H., 1st. Lt., M. C, reported March 22, 1919; discharged May 26, 1919. Storey, Carroll L., Capt., M. C, reported March 28, 1919. Drake, Donald C, 2nd Lt., Inf. Hawkins, Joseph Francis, Major, M. C. Ke4:chum, Walter H., Chaplin U. S. A., reported April 5, 1919. DeBois, Oharles F., 1st. Lt, M. C, reported April 10, 1919. Arthur, Edwin I., 2nd. Lt. F. A., reported April 10, 1919; assigned as director of general education, educational service. Brachman, Herman Joseph, Capt, D. C, reported April 16, 1919. Gardner, Cyrus Bunting, Capt., M. C, reported April 19, 1919. 22 Nevius, Fred Porter, Capt., M. C. reported April 24, 1919. Corbett. John James, Capt., M. C, reported April 29 1919. Dwyer, Harry J.. 1st. Lt., M. C. reported May 5, 1919. Devendorf, Louis E., Capt., M. C. reported May 9, 1919. Marden, T. B., Capt. M. C, reported May 12, 1919. Conley. B. N., Capt., M. C, reported May 14, 1919. VanGorder, George Wilson, Capt., M. C, reported May 14, 1919. Reye. Heinrich, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 17, 1919. Pearce, Albert R., Capt., M. C, reported May 19, 1919. Johnson, John, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 20, 1919. Venable, George, 1st. Lt., M. C, reported May 23, 1919. Griffin, N. A., Capt., M. C; transferred to U. S. A., Gen- eral Hospital No. 31, May 28, 1919. Hubbei, Leo, 1st. Lt., D. C, reported May 30, 1919. Hawkins, Joseph F., Major, M. C, reported May 31, 1919. CHAPTER ni. DESCRIPTION OF PLANT AND EQUIPMENT United States Army General Hospital No. 36 is located in the City of Detroit, Wayne County, in the State of Michi- gan. Its latitude is 42, 20 min. north, and its longitude, 83, 6 min. west. The teiTain is rolling, the soil, clay, and the climate^ salubrious. The roads on the hospital grounds are in good shape, being composed of gravel and concrete. Neighborhood and physical environments are exceptionally favorable and the sanitary status is high. Organization date^ from October 30, 1918, when Col. A. T. Cooper arrived to assume command. The private patient building which was built in 1915 was used as a temporary and emergency hospital starting Nov. 1, 1918. After the occupation of the main building on Feb- ruary 1, 1919, the building was still used as a unit of the hospital. Generally speaking, the hospital is bounded on the south by North Grand Boulevard; on the west by Byron Avenue on the east by Hamilton Boulevard; and on the north by Bethune street. From the central unit any of the buildings 23 may be reached by under-ground connections. The build- ings are heated by hot water, with the exception of the operating departmeait which is served by a direct steam line. This additional equipment was supplied as a precau- tionary measure against the breaking down of the regular plant These buildings are place»d on a plot of ground containing 19 acres. The service building which is four stories in height and 195 feet in length, is in the shape of the letteo" "E." The basement Is used for storage purposes and is divided into a butcher shop, refrigerator and refrigerating system, pro- vision stock room, laundry storage room and disinfecting room with disinfector installed complete. There is a corridor in this basement leading in one direction into the engine room, and in another direction, into the laboratory building which is connected with the medical building. On the first floor of the building are a kitchen, laundry, bakery, cafeteria and two toilets. The second, or messanine floor contains a store room, serving room, oflice, laundry, ironing room, linen storage, one toilet and a locker room. On the third floor ,there are 22 rooms, two toilets, two bath rooms, and two dining rooms with a serving room between. There are also 22 rooms, two toilets, and two baths on the fourth floor. This floor of the building was used for rec- ords, accounting, purchasing and receiving rooms, and for quarters for help and clerical force. It also was used for a library which contains 5,000 volumes. The boiler and engine room occupy a part of the base- ment and first floor of the service building and are ap- proached by a tunnel or subway through the basemeait or first floor. There are four boilers of 276 H. P. each of the type of the Sterling Water Tube Boileors and are con- structed to operate under steam pressure of 162 pounds to the square inch. This room has installed in it, one com- plete coal crushing and conveying apparatus, two 150 K. W. turbine driven generators, three wire 250 and 125 volts, generators Turbine, built by the Kerr Turbine Company, one 30-ton Kroeschell Brothers Company's refrigerating 24 plant, compressor driven by a 12x24 Hamilton Corliss en- gine, dircyctly connected, and one stack to boiler 184 feet high and 8^^ feet at base in diameter and 7 feet at top. The engine room has one feed water heater, one service water heater and three heaters for hot water heating sys- tem. In the engine basement there are auxiliary machin- ery, pmnps, hot water circulating pumps for heating sys- tem, booster pump for service water, two Hygea filters, the capacity of each being 5,000 gallons pe»r hour, one air com- pressor, an ice making plant wtih a capacity for 4,800 pounds in 24 hours, one refrigerator condenser and brine circulating pumps. Dimensions of the surgical building, called the private patients' building by Ford authorities, are 180x46. This building has three floors and a basement. In the basement are 16 rooms, five toilets, 40 lockers for nurses, stationary bath cabinet and sockets for hot air e^quipment, and there is also a hydrotheraputic department installed. On the first floor are 18 rooms, three baths ,a diet room, kitchen, dressing room, and utilities room. Rooms in the second and third floors are identical with those on the first floor except that there are 22 rooms on the second floor and 21 rooms on the third floor. The Operating Pavilion has 24 rooms and is 123x57 feet. It is connected by corridor with the medical building. The Laboratory Building is a four-story structure with a basement. Its dimensions are 43x60 feet. The first floor has six rooms which are occupied by the pharmacy and the X-Ray Department. The eight rooms on the second floor are used for a bacteriological laboratory, and on the third floor there are also eight rooms. The fourth floor contains five rooms. Through this building runs a tunnel which con- nects the Service Building with Laboratory Building to the corridor which connects with the Medical Building. There are two passage-ways from the Medical Building to the Laboratory; one by way of the basement, and the other by way of the corridor. 25 The garage is a building 90x25 feet. In it is room for 12 touring cars, an office, and a repair shop which is equipped with a gasoline tank that has a capacity of 1,000 gallons. The New Hospital Building has a front 750 feet in length which faces the Grand Boulevard. It is composed of five units of wards and has two wings on the East and West sides which are 270 feet long. The outer units are 50 feet wide. There are four floors and a basement. The center unit contains six floors, 63 toilets, 40 shower baths and 96 private baths. This building was occupied on April 1, 1919. This building is a reinforced concrete structure and is of red face-brick with limestone trimmings and tile ornamen- tations of cream color and red. The porches adjoining all floors of the building are of limestone with iron railings. The building is constructed on the unit system but all units are under one roof. The plans call for each of four units to have 96 rooms, each equipped with bath, in addition to the necessary linen closets, diet kitchens, dressing rooms and sterilizing rooms. The central unit is the administrative and diagnostic building. Partitions for single rooms are installed in only one unit, the other units being left unpartitioned as wards for Army purpose. On the roof of four units are solariums. The roof is paved with red promenade tile. The building is equipped with seven elevators, nine dumb waiters of the automatic push-button type, wash stands, and a complete ventilating system. Diet kitchens, store rooms, locker rooms, fan rooms, etc., are located in the basement. The main rotunda is octagonal in shape, the center being two stories high and roofed with glass. In this rotunda are located the information desk and administrative of- fices. This part of the building is equipped with all the necessary conduits and wiring for signal telephones, tel- autograph, and a pneumatic tube system which connects all officers* and nurses' stations. 26 West of the rotunda is the telephone exchange which has a 100 station automatic telephone switchboard for in- tercommunication. Each nurse station will control 24 rooms and an auxiliary telephone switchboard will be in- stalled in each station to control the phones in the 24 rooms. The hospital water supply comes from Lake St. Clair through the city mains. As the city has no filtration plant, a Hygeia filtration system is in operation in the hospital. Two filters with a capacity of 10,000 gallons per hour are in use. The water supply which is obtained from the head of the Detroit River is treated with liquid hypochlorine gas, one and one-half to three pounds of chemical being used to each 1,000,000 gallons of water. An analysis is made three times per day and is very low in bacteriological count. The sewage is disposed of through the city sewage sys- tem. Kitchen, and other waste matter were at first dis- posed of by being burned in the furnaces of the hospital boiler room. Later they were hauled away by the municipal garbage disposal wagons. All toilets and baths are directly connected with the hospital sewer. The Service Building contains 12 toilet rooms and baths, the Surgical Building, four toilet rooms and baths, and the Private Patient Building, 16 toilet rooms and baths. A hot water heating system is installed in the entire hos- pital There is forced circulation direct and indirect and an addition steam heating system for the operating rooms. The hospital is lighted by electricity, the electric current being generated in the power house of the hospital. The system of lighting in the operating room is of nitrogen lamps and X-Ray reflectors on the outside of the skylights, semi-indirect light. The kitchen and mess of the enlisted personnel were at first located on the first floor of the Service Building. They were later removed to the basement of the left wing of the main building. The mess of the nurses and the 27 patient officers is located in basement rooms in the east wing of the main building. The main kitchen in the Service Building is utilized as a kitchen for patients, their mess being in the basement of the central part of the main building. The mess room of duty officers is located on the second floor of the Service Building, and has a separate kitchen as provided by Army regulations. The laundry of the hospital is equipped with three wash- ers, 21 extractors, a dry room, dry room tumbler, a steam mangelm, two electric ironers, and a steam press. All of this equipment is operated by independent motors attached to each machine. The machinery was manufactured by the Troy Laundry Company of Chicago, 111. Duty officers live outside of the hospital and are not quartered on the hospital grounds. The nurses were at first quartered on the third floor of the Surgical Building but were later removed to the third and fourth floors of the east wing of the main building. The hospital does not boast a chapel, but non-sectarian services are held each Sunday morning and evening in the Y. M. C. A. hut and are conducted by the chaplain, Walter H. Ketchum. Mass is said every Sunday morning at 9 o'clock in the K. of C. solarium by Detroit priests. Administration offices for the hospital were at first established on the first floor of the Surgical Building but on the occupancy of the main building were later moved to the first floor in the central part of the main building. Sep- arate offices were made by constructing railings four feet in height. Offices of the chief of medical service and the chief of surgical service are in the operating pavilion. The chief of education service has an office in his own depart- ment. The dispensary which is located in the Laboratory Build- ing has a complete stock of pharmaceuticals and is equip- ped with all modern appliances. It supplies all the patients and members of the personnel with medicines and drugs. 28 The Department of Head Surgery or the eye, ear, nose, and throat clinic, is located on the third floor of the Labor- atory Building, It has a completely equipped dark room, an office, a treatment room, and an operating room. The fully-equipped X-Ray Department is located on the first floor of the Laboratory Building. The department con- sists of four rooms and one dark room. The dental clinic which is also located on the Laboratory Building contains four rooms. Clinical laboratories, the morgue, orthopedic workshop, and animal house are also in the Laboratory Building. Hospital annexes include the post exchange which is located in the basement of the main building, the Y. M. C. A. hut which was erected west of the service building and is one of the best in the country, and the Red Cross house, which was built by reconstructing two overseas emergency huts, and which is located between the main and surgical buildings. CHAPTER IV THE SURGICAL SERVICE The Surgical Service of the U. S. Army General Hospital No. 36, Detroit, Michigan, was organized November 16, 1918, Major Henry D. Hatfleld, M. C, being appointed on that date as chief of the Service, being succeeded by Major Frederick G. Dyas, M. C, January 7, 1919, v/ho has served as Chief of the Surgical Service to the present date. The subdivision of the Service into sections progressed as the amount of work enlarged until the service was definitely organized composing the following sections: (a) General Surgery (b) Orthopedic Surgery (c) Head Surgery (d) Genito — Urinary Surgery, Syphilology and Derma- tology. (e) Neurology (f) Roentgenology (g) Obstetric 29 The equipment has been the permanent fixtures of the Henry Ford Hospital to which the War Department has added liberally as supplies were needed. Patients have been cared for in wards with bed capacity of about 35 to 90 to each ward. A close co-operation is main- tained in the treatment of every case with the several di- visions of the Surgical Service and with the other Services and Departments of the. Hospital, patients frequently re- ceiving care and attention simultaneously in more than one section and have the benefit of frequent and numerous con- sultations, X-Ray examinations and Laboratory analysis and reports, etc. Two medical officers, when possible, a Captain and a Lieutenant are asigned to the large wards, and usually per- form the operations upon cases in their ward when neces- sary under the direction of their Chief of Service. The first operation, appendictomy, was performed Decem- ber 23, 1918. The operations performed have been varying in character and many have been of great Interest. A list of operations performed during the first six months is as follows: Name of Operation No. Abscess Incision and drainage sub-maxillary 1 Abscess Inguinal Lymph adeniti Suppurative' 3 Abscess Post Cervical 1 Abscess Peri NeT)hritic 1 Abscess Umbilical • • 1 Abscess Periurethral 1 Abscess Unclassified i Abscess Vulvovaginal 3 Amputation finger 2 Amputation toe 2 Appendictomy 16 "Brisement Face" shoulder 2 Bone Graft complete 1 Excision, Fistula in ano 1 Fasciotomy • • • • 1 Gastro Euterostomy Postenor 1 Herniotomy Bilaternal 2 Herniotomy left 17 30 Herniotomy following appendictomy J Herniotomy right g Hemorrhoidectomy . Incision and drainage cellulitis • * Incision expora,tory to Paiilla • Incision crucial for carbuncle • • • Incision old sinue and bone porfition corrected i Incision of drainage knee Incision and drainage scrotum Bone Graft, first stage ^ Bone Graft, second stage | Bone Wireing with Kangaroo tendon ^ Circumcision -j^ Excision Angioma • • ^ Costectomy 2 Excision Bone Tumor ^ Excision cervical glands • • • Operation for Hallux Valgus ^ Oophorosalpingectomy ........... Puncture exploratory of chest ^ Pyelotomy ^ Reduction Collis' fracture ^ Reduction Potts' Fracture ^ Removal Foreign Body ■ ^ Removal Uanes Plates ^ Removal Polypus Aural • • • ^ Removal Polypus Nasal ^ Removal Semilunar Cartilages Resection Rib ^3 Resection Scar Tissue .....•• • • ^ Resection Sebacous Cyst ^ Resection Stump (Plastic) ^ Resection Sub-Muccous (Nasal) ^ Suture, vessel for hemorrhage ^ Sture Nerve ^ Uaparatomy exploratory ^ Ligation Varicose Veins ^ liipomectomy ' ' 2 Mastoidectomy 2 Nephro Pithotomy ^ Nerve Exploration " ' 4 Ostectomy " ' 5 Osteotomy -•.... ^ Wound Gun Shot Excision ot ••••••••. -. Wrenching of Foot and Plaster Fexation J Suture Laceration • • • • "*" ^ Sequestrectomy Tonsilectomy 73 Tendon Transplant 1 Varicocele 1 During the month of June the number of operations per- formed has exceeded in number those performed in any preceeding month. (a) General Surgery. The Section of General Surgery was organized November 16, 1918, Major Henry L. Hatfield, M. C., chief of the Sur- gical Service, acting also as chief of the Section from No- vember 16, 1918 until January 7, 1919, when he was suc- ceeded by Major Frederick G. Dyas, M. C., who has served in the same capacity to the present date. The following officers of the Medical Corps have been on duty in the Section of General Surgery as Ward Surgeons (1) 1st. Capt. Stanley J. Seegar, M. C, from November 27. 1918 to December 15, 1918. (2) Capt. William Hansford Pope, M. C, from Decem- ber 9, 1918 to the present date. (3) Capt. Albert R. Matheny, M. C, from December 17, 1918 to January 17, 1919. (4) Capt. Victor F. Marshall, M. C, from December 17, 1918 to February 4, 1919. (5) 1st Lieut. Edward F. Fox, M. C, from February 24, 1919 to March 23, 1919. (6) 1st. Lieut.. Charles W. Demong, M. C, from February 26, 1919 to April 1, 1919. (7) 1st. Lieut. Robert H. Leece, M. C, from March 2, 1919, to present date. (8) Capt. Matthias Ambrose Wagner, M. C, from March 3, 1919 to April 22, 1919. (9) Capt. Gregory E. Stanboro, M. C, from March 17, 1919 to the present date. (10) 1st. Lieut. Donald H. McRae, M. C, from March 18, 1919 to present date. (11) Capt. Arthur E. Ueitch, M. C, from March 22 1919 to May 27, 1919. (12 Capt. Cynes Bunting Lardner, M. C, from April 19, 1919 to present time. (13) Capt. Lever Flagel Stewart, M. C, from May 5, 1919 to May 22, 1919. 32' (14) 1st Lieut. Arthur V. Murtha, May 23, 1919, to present date. On March 21, 1919, Captain Edward O. Sage, M. C, re- ported for duty and was assigned to the Surgical Seivice as anaesthetist and served as such until the present date. The Section of General Surgery has been subdivided into Clean and Septic Surgery, and every precaution taken to prevent clean cases from becoming infected, the number of accidental infections being reduced to a minimum and of seldom occurrence. In the treatment of infected cases the Carrel-Dakin treatment has been used whenever the case has been one suitable to treatment by that method with very satisfactory results. A large amount of work in the septic wards has consisted of redressing wounds, an average of over 150 dressings daily being done. (b) The Orthopaedic Section. The Orthopaedic Section of the Surgical Service of this hospital was instituted on Febrary 3rd, with Major Guy C. Boughton, M. C, in charge. Major Boughton had an assist- ant, 1st Lieut. T. S. Mebane. During February the work almost entirely consisted in organization as there were very few patients. Major Boughton prepared the way for an efficient war organization and for a Physio-Therapeutic Department and Brace shop. On February 27, 1919, Major Boughton was relieved and was succeeded by Major T. C. Kidner who had just returned from 20 months' overseas service. At this time there were about 30 orthopaedic patients all of them overseas cases. 1st Lieut. Isadore I. Bittker, M. C, 1st Lieut L, E. Cowan, 1st. Lieut. J. H. Chalat, were assigned to the service at this time with Lieut. Mebane. During the month of March the service grew rapidly to 150 patients. Vv^ards 8 and 9 in the main building were developed as orthopaedic wards and operations for cor- rection of deformities and other orthopaedic procedures were instituted. 33 In March, Miss Lippett was assigned to the hospital as Chief Aid in Physio-Therapy and her department at first was started in the basement of the Surgical building; but later it was moved to the first floor of the main building. Mr. Freeman of the Y. M. C. A. was, with his own consent, also assigned to the Orthopaedic service and to do the heav- ier forms of massage, to give gymnastic and corrective ex- ercises to the patients and greatly assisted in organizing it. During April and May the service continued to grow and wards eleven, thirteen and part of ten were taken over, with an overflow into ward twelve. By the middle of May the service consisted of about 275 beds. In April, Capt. C. L. Storey was assigned to duty at the hospital and took charge of the Physio-Therapeutic work and Brace Shop which had been started in the Laboratory Building. Mr. George Moldovan was hired as brass maker and the shop rapidly grew providing •splints and braces in sufficient quantity for the use of the whole service. Early in May, Capt. George W. Van Gordor was assign- ed to duty at the hospital and took over Capt. Mebane's w^ork, Capt. Mebane being ordered to the Walter Reed Hospital at Washington for special instruction. During May, Captain U. Devendorf, Captain T. B. Mars- den and Lieut. D. H. McRae wetre assigned to duty in this section and Lieutenants Bittker, Cowen and Chalat were transferred or released from the service. At the present time the service is gradually decreasing in size as patients are discharged, cured, or on C. C. D. cer- tificates. Much corrective and reconstruction work has been accomplished. (d) Genito Urinary Section. The section of Genito-Urinary Surgery of the Surgical Service was organized as a section January 6, 1919 by Cap- tain Bordon F. McKim, M. C. 34 The officers who have been in charge of this section are: (1) Capt. Gordon F. McKim, M. C, from January 4, 1919 to January 17, 1919. (2) Capt. Frank S. Crockett, M. C, from January 17, 1919 to February 4, 1919. (3) 1st. Lieut. Frederick H. Cole, M. C, from February 1, 1919 to present date. The work of the section embraces General Urology and Dermatology. The equipment of the section consists of Sal- varsan apparatus, Cystoscopic and the usual Genito-Urinary surgical instruments. The patients requiring treatment by this section have been under the care of the chiefs of the section assisted by the following ward surgeons. (1) 1st. Lieut. Leon B. Cowen, M. C, from January 23, 1919 to May 16. 1919. (2) 1st. Lieut. Rudolph Rudman, M. C, from January 25, 1919 to May 26, 1919. (3) Capt. Clarence Herbert Belknap, M. C, from June 7, 1919 to present date. (e) Neurology. The section of Neurology of the Surgical Service was in- stituted at the time 1st. Lieut. Edward J. Engberg, M. C, re- ported for duty, February 26, 1919, who had charge as chief of the section until May 17, 1919 when he was succeeded by 1st. Lieut. Henrich Albert Reye, M. C, who has been chief of the section to the present date. (f) Roentgenology. This department has been organized as a section of the Surgical Service since the hospital was taken over by the Government. Actual work, however, began on January 8th. First officer in charge— Capt. Melvin P. Burnham to Feb- ruary 12. Second officer in charge— Maj. Myi'on O. Clift, February 12 to May 13. Present officer in charge— Capt. Bernard M. Conley, May 13 to present date. Lieut. Irving S. Ingber served as Roentgenologist from JanuaiT 23, 1919 to May 27, 1919. 35 There are no subdivisions of this section. Equipment of the X-Ray laboratory includes two complete X-Ray machines and a Bedside unit for use in the wards. The original installment of the Ford Hospital is a large Wapple machine that may be used in either of two rooms. One room containing an upright fluoroscope and the other a table with tube stand. The Army had another machine and table installed and in operation around the middle of January. The department is well equipped throughout. (g) The Obstectrical Section. The obstectrical Section of the Surgical Service is in charge of 1st. Lieut. William H. Pope, M. C. As a section, the equipment is complete in every detail including deliv- ery room, sterilization room, dressing room and nursery. Surgical clinics are given twice weekly at which all Medical Officers are requested to attend.. CHAPTER V. MEDICAL SERVICE The Medical Service was organized in December, 1918, with Major Ernest B. Bradley, M. C, as Chief of Service, and Captain Irving S. Cutter, M. C, Assistant. Major Philip A. Sheaff, M. C, reported at this Hospital on January 15, 1919, as Chief of Service and continued until March 19, 1919, when he was succeeded by the present Chief of Service, Major Roscoe L. Sensenich, M. C, with Captain Robert N. Bramhall, M. C.^ as Assistant Chief. Of the officers assigned to the Medical Service, the following have been relieved from duty at this post either by discharge or transfer. Major Ernest B. Bradley, reported Dec. 1918, discharged. Major Philip A. Sheaff, reported Jan. 15, 1919, discharged. Capt. Irving S. Cutter, reported Dec. 10, 1918, discharged. Capt. Henry E. Griffin, reported April 29, 1919, trans- ferred. Capt. Earl R. Harris, reported Feb. 22, 1919, transferred to another department. 36 Lieut. Ellsworth Sheldon, reported Dec. 30, 1918, trans- ferred. Lieut. Delbert C. Fox reported Dec. 16. 1918, discharged. Lieut. Francis H. Smith, reported Jan. 18, 1919, dis- charged. Lieut. Wm. H. Niles, reported March 22, 1919, discharged. Lieut. Dietrich H. Klemptner, reported Jan. 13, 1919, dis- charged. The following officers are at this time on duty assigned to the Medical Service. Major Roscoe L. Sensenich, reported march 19, 1919. Chief of Medical Service. Lieut. Robert N. Bramhall, reported Jan. 13, 1919. Assist- ant Chief of Medical Service. Capt. Albert R. Pearce, reported May 19, 1919. Capt. John J. Corbett, reported April 29, 1918. Capt. Fred P. Nevius, assigned April 29, 1919. Lieut. William H. Allen, assigned May 23, 1919. Lieut. Harry J. Dwyer, reported May 4, 1919. Lieut. Chas. F. DuBois, reported April 10, 1919. Lieut. James W. Hughes, reported Jan. 11, 1919. Lieut. Oscar T. Kirksey, assigned March 24, 1919. Organization. The organization of the Medical Service is best shown by the following schematic drawing: CHIEF Property Room— Receiving Officer Sick Officers and Nurses Ward Surgeons General Medicine Group 1 — General Medical Group 2 — Heart and Vascular Group 3 — Gastro Intestinal Group 4 — Psychiatric ASST. CHIEF Consultant Demobilization Board Ward Surgeons Contageous Diseases Acute Resp. Diseases ContagiouS"-Exonthemata Diptiieria— Etc. Tuberculosis 37 The added function of this Hospital as a demobolizing point for soldiers who have recovered, has made the or- ganization of a Demobilization Board for the Medical Ser- vice necessary. This Board is headed directly by the As- sistant Chief of Service, Captain Robert N. Bramhall, with Lieutenant H. J. Dwyer as a member. The Ward Surgeon having charge of the particular case being consid- ered acts on this Board. In all C. D. D. cases, ihe Chief of Service acts with the Assistant Chief and Ward Surgeon. Close touch is maintained between the officers of the service by means of a daily conference in the Office of the Chief of Service, at which time new regulations are studied and daily problems of the service discussed. Much interest is manifested and benefit has been derived from daily clinics held in the amphitheatre, two periods each week being given over to consideration of medical cases pre- sented by the various Ward Surgeons. The closest co-operation has been maintained between the Medical service and all other services in the Hospital, and consultations are freely given from one service to the other. The Medical Service has received in excess of 50% of the 2,040 admissions to the Hospital. Many of those from overseas were convalescent to such a point that only a short residence in the Hospital was required. An average of approximately 240 patients remained daily on this ser- vice. The highest number being cared for in Medical Wards at one time was 360. The first cases admitted to Hospital were from the Com- mand in January, 1919, and were sufferers from Influenza. This epidemic produced approximately 150 cases. There were none critically ill, and there were no deaths. Daily inspection of the command was made and strict isolation maintained. The first overseas cases were admitted on Feb. 20, 1919, and numbered 14. These were principally men convales- cent from influenza and pneumonia and cases bearing 38 diagnosis of functional heart disorders. Later many gassed cases in various stages of convalescence were admitted. It was required that all admissions to the Medical Service be given a urine examination and a leucotyte count. With the admission of so many old respiratory cases, it was addi- tionally required that all respiratory cases have a complete blood examination and an X-ray study of the chest in ad- diton to the usual physical examinations. Every safeguard was imposed in order that no respira- tory conditions might be overlooked. Old fluids and tuber- culosis have been found. There have been only 8 a,cute pneumonias treated during the acute stage on this service. Seven of these were broncho-pneumonic in type. Chronic Bronchitis has been very common, and asthma of occas- ional occurrence. Most of these have improved under treat- ment and have been discharged. Two cases showing no improvement have been transferred to other hospitals bet- ter situated for their care. A few cases of tuberculosis have been found and transferred to specially designated hospitals for care. Following the respiratory cases in frequency came the cases of Organic heart disease, of which Mitral Insuffici- ency was not common, with Mitral Stenosis next and a few cases with double mitral lesions. There were a few aortic stenoses and some aortic insufficiencies. Here again the X-Ray was used in many cases as an aid to study both in measurement of outline and fleuroscopic observaition of heart action. Arthritis cases have been common and have been made the subject of exhaustive examination for possible focal in- fections. The condition of nose, throat, ears, sinuses and teeth is investigated. Bacteriological and X-Ray examina- tions are made. Blood studies are made. Genito-urinary conditions are investigated. The Orthopaedic Surg*^on is consulted and involved joints are studied by X-Riy. In the treatment of these cases, the Department of Physio- therapy has been of great assistance. 39 Gastro-intestinal cases have been given routine blood ex- aminations. Frequent fractional examinations of stomach contents and X-Ray studies both by fleuroscope and plate. Focal infections are searched for. Feces are examined fre- quently. Duodenal feeding has been necessary in a num- ber of instances. Very good results have been obtained in treatment of these cases. Cases of Duodenal Ulcer without organic pyloric obstruction were treated through the duo- denal tube. One case of duodenal ulcer with organic py- loric obstruction went to operation, Gastro enterostomy, and is now free from symptoms. Amoeba were found in the feces in two cases in the Hospital. These were the only intestinal parasites found. There have been 20 cases of Nephritis. These have been under close observation. Chemical blood findings have been studied by comparison with urinary findings under regulated diet. Kidney efiiciency tests were done and pa- tients have been retained in Hospital until a recovery has been made or it is determined that the maximum benefit has been received. HyperthjToidism has been of comparative frequency; some of these cases existed prior to entry into service. Ap- propriate treatment with rest has been tried; surgical con- sultation has been requested. Many have improved very markedly; some have been discharged on C. D. D. and two have been operated on with marked improvement. One case of diabetes has been under very careful obser- vation and treatment, not making favorable progress. One case of pernicious anemia has improved slightly un- der treatment. One case of hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver has been admitted. Contagious Diseases. Cases of contagious diseases have been very small in number, as follows: Scarlet Fever, Mumps, Measles, German Measles, Diph- theria, Diphtheria Carriers and Erysipelas. 40 Acute respiratory diseases have been isolated as con- tagious. The most rigid isolation and quarantine is established in all contagious cases. Attendants, who are also isolated, are provided for each type of contagious disease. No cross in- fections from one type of contagious disease to a patient suffering from a different type have occurred at this Hos- pital. Neuro-Psychiatric Service. This Department was organized by Captain Engberg, M. C, during the month of Ferbruary, 1919. He remained in charge of the section until May 17, 1919, when he obtained his discharge from the service. His place was taken by Lieutenant H. A. Reye, M. C. The work, on the whole, has consisted mainly in consul- tations with the other members of the tariff. No separate neuro-psychiatric ward was ever established here. Cases of cerebro-spinal lues and psychotic patients were prompt- ly recommended for transfer to special hospitals. Function- al nervous cases have been kept here for treatment. A fair proportion of hysterias were discovered and treated suc- cessfully by persuasion, suggestion of hysterias were dis- covered and treated successfully by persuasion, suggestion and physio-therapy. Special attention has been paid to the attitude of patients, and much good has been achieved by pointing out to them their faulty re-actions and by encour- aging them in regaining their confidence and faith in them- selves. CHAPTER VI. THE EDUCATIONAL SERVICE Major George F. Arps, Sanitary Corps, Chief of Educa- tional Service. 1st. Lieut. Frazer Hood, Sanitory Corps, Director of Di- vision of Psychology and Statistics. 2nd. Lieut. Edwin L Arthur, Field Artillery, Director of Division General Education. 41 Mr. I. D. Charlton, Director of Division Technical Edu- cation. 2nd. Lieut. Donald C. Drake, Infantry, Director of Di- vision Recreation. 2nd. Lieut. Harley C. Hines, Sanitpa-y Corps, Editor in Chief, "Azuwer". In the scheme of rehabilitation of disabled soldiers and sailors returning from the front, this department of the U. S. Army General Hospital No. £6, has a variety of services to perform. In order the more efRciently to function in the discharge of its duties, the Educational work is oppor- tioned among four Divisions: The Psychological and Sta- tistical, the Geneit-al, the Technical and the Recreational. The specific work of each division converges upon the central aim of the Reconstruction purpose of the Hospital as a whole, namely the restoration to full mental and bodily vigor of each patient who is received. The general aim is to restore the disabled man physically and mentally. To make him as good a man, economically and socially, as he was before the injuries received in line of duty abbreviat- ed his usefulness — this is the general purpose of this Hospital. To the end that each man may again function econom- ically as efficiently as before, or better, the first aim is to make him well. But this end cannot be attained as quickly and satisfactorily, if the entire energies of this institution are directed solely upon his physical restoration. It has been found that by giving the wounded man something to do during the often long trying period of convalescence he is helped out of the mire of despondence anc discourage- ment in which he too often falls, and thereby hastens his recovery. The experience in Europe soon after the begin- ning of the war as well as experiments in private institu- tions before the war, establishes ihe value of occupational therapy. Therefore, through the agency of the Educational Service, a man is given occupational therapy — he is given something to do that will work towards curing him physic- ally and at the same time giving him a motive or special in- 42 teres! back of it. It is a sound pedogogical principle that no matter how instrumental a study may be, for the time be- ing at least, it must assume the importance of an end in itself, if it is later to be efficient as a means. Hr" Auto Mechanics Arithmetic B Bookbinding Bookkeeping Concrete Work Calculating Machine Drafting Rusines-s Administration Electricity Business Penmanship Machine Shop ChemisT;i*y Mechanics, General Civil Service Painting Commercial Arithmetic Sign Painting Comenual Art Photogiaphy Comercial Corespondence Plumbing Comercial Law Priming Composition Proof Reading Drawing Shoe Shop English 1 Telegraphy English 4 . Wiroless (Operator) Geometry i^adio Electrician Hospital Service Transportation Journalism Woodv/orking Penmanship 1 Caroenrry Penmanship 2 Cabinet Making Salesmanship Pattern Making Spanisn - Handiworic Stenography J^^arm Accounting Typewriting Music Reading Blacksmithing Spelling French 1 Academic-Bedside French 2 Cartooning Technical - Bedside. 50 CHAPTER VII. DENTAL CORPS Maj. Shirley W. Bowles, Dental Corps, Chief of Service. Capt. Cline S. Beurmann, Dental Corps. Capt. H. J. Brachmann, Dental Corps. Lieut. John F. Drummond, Dental Corps. Lieut. Victor J. Shalek, Dental Corps. Lieut. George C. Hubbel, Dental Corps. The history of the Dental Service at this Hospital dates from December 12, 1918, when Maj. Shirley W. Bowles, D. C, arrived from Base Hospital No. 127, Camp McClellan, Ala., and was assigned as Chief of the Dental Service. Maj. Bowles continued in that position up to the discon- tinuance of the hospital as an Army institution. Five assistants have been assigned to sei ve in the clinic since Maj. Bowles' arrival at this post. Lieut. Drummond was the first to arrive, coming here on Feb. 3. He receiv- ed his honorable discharge from this post on May 21. Sec- ond to appear was Lieut. Shalek, who left on May 3. Capt. Bennmann, served less than a month. His service dates from May 20 to June 15. The two remaining officers are Capt. Brachmann and Lieut. Hubbel. Capt. Brachmann reported on April 21 and Lieut. Hubbel on May 30. In organizing his work in four rooms on the third floor in the Laboratory Building, assigned as a dental clinic by Col. A. T. Cooper, one of the first steps taken by Maj. Bowles was to request the assignment of three dental surgeons as assistants in his clinic. Cases requiring dental treatment at the Army Hospital were at first assigned to Fort Wayne as no equipment had arrived at the hospital. On December 14, 1918, a detach- ment of 400 men reported at the hospital. *»'he main build- ing was not completed at that time and as there were no rooms prepared to quarter the men, all available rooms in the Laboratory Building including those of the Denial Clinic were used as barracks for the soldiers. 51 The men were not moved from these rooms until the first of February when special plumbing for the install ation of fountain cuspidors, surgical basins, and steam steriliz- ers was started. This work, together with the painting of the walls and floors was completed by the Construction Quartermaster the latter part of February. The first equipment received at the hospital was a port- able outfit which was brought by Lieut. Shalek when he reported for duty. This outfit was used to care for all emergency cases until permanent equipment arrived. It was not until March 1 that Maj. Bowles reported to the Commanding Officer that the Dental Clinic was ready to receive patients. At that date, sufficient equipment had had been received to care for all cases assigned to the clinic. By the middle of March, complete outfits had ar- rived and were installed, the installation delaying, for a short time, the work of the clinic. The equipment consists of one portable or field outfit, and three permanent complete base hospital outfits. The lavatories installed in the operating rooms are modern surgical basins, the hot and cold water being controlled by one lever actuated by the thigh. In addition to small edectric steam sterilizers, there is a large sterilizer sup- plied with steam from the central power plant. The tech- nical laboratory is furnished with a cabinet bench, electric lathe, modern castings machine, and requirements for the accomplishment of all phases of Prosthetic Dentistry. An electric automatic air compressor furnishes compressed air to each chair for use in the atomizers and electric hot air syringes and also for the blowpipe in the laboratory. A splendid spirit of co-operation has existed between the X-Ray Service of the hospital and the Dental Service. The Roentgenograms for the Dental Department were made by the X-Ray Laboratory as the time of the dental surgeons was so completely filled with work at the chair that it was impossible to install and operate a bed-side unit. Col. A. T. Cooper, commanding officer of the post was 52 the first patient, other than the emergency cases, who was attended in the clinic by the Chief of Service. The first patient cared for by Lieut. Drummond was Private James Caldwell. Sergeant Kiburtz was the first patient at this post, of Lieut. Victor J. Shalek. Work of the Army Dental Clinic» contrary to popular be- lief, has been of a permanent nature. Mouths of the patients have been reconstructed in the best possible con- dition before discharges have been issued. Special atten- tion has been given to clearing the mouths of foci of in- fection. Many cases have been referred from the Med- ical Service for reports of oral conditions to aid in estab- lishing a diagnosis. Prompt treatment which undoubtedly shortened the period of convalescence was given in these cases when indicated. What is perhaps the most remarkable reconstruction case undertaken by the clinic was that of Corporal Arthur Rickel who was assigned as a patient to Maj. Bowles. Corp. Rickel was the victim of a machine gun bullet which tore away a large port of his upper lip and four superior anter- ior teeth with the alveolar process. To eradicate infec- tion, it was necessary to remove two additional superior anterior teeth. These lost tissues were replaced by a re- movable artificial piece which restored the jaw to its nor- mal form appearance. Plastic surgery was then employed by the surgeon to form a new lip. Satisfactory results have been obtained in a large num- ber of cases of typical pyhorrea. A few cases of the so- called "Trench Mouth," upon bacteriological findings, show- ed typical irregular staining fusiform bacilli; and the gram negative large spirilla of incent-culturing shows spirilla come from the fusiform bacilli. These cases were cleared up with the usual pyhorrea treatment which covered a rather longer period of time than other cases of pyhorrea. A satisfactory and complete survey of mouths at the hos- pital has not been possible. This is due to the insufiicient number of officers assigned to the Dental Department. Of 5S approximately 1,000 mouths which have been surveyed, 60 per cent fall in class "B", and are mouths with foci of in- fection. Six enlisted men were assigned to the service in March and have been on duty since that time. They are: Oliver F. Cambell, Sgt. 1st. cl., Earl A. G^lhaar, Sgt., Frederick C. Schlipp, Sgt., John J. Murtha, pvt. 1st. cl., Robert B. Woolson, pvt. 1st. cl., and Joseph Zapf, pvt. 1st. cl. APPENDIX E Registrar and Personnel CHAPTER VIII. UTILITIES, REGISTRAR AND PERSONNEL Post Utilities In the establishment of the National Army and National Guard Cantonments, Camps and General Hospitals, it has been found necessary to establish an organization known as the Utilities, for the purpose of maintaining and operat- ing various utilities and all fixed property. Necessarily for the comfort, convenience and training of the patients and troops stationed at this General Hospital, it is necessary to operate plants furnishing electric light, heating, ice and refrigeration, supplying water, handle sew- erage system, maintain roads and grounds, operate shops and maintain a force of men to handle the repair and up- keep of all the buildings and utilities at the Post, in connec- tion with which carpenter, paint, plumbing and heating, electrical shops are operated. Janitor work is also includ- ed in the duties of this organization at this Post. For the purpose of this brief, it will be assumed that the organization of Utilities at this Post consists of the fol- lowing branches: (a) OflSce and clerical force, including drafting and rec- ords room. (b) Plumbers. 54 (c) Carpenters. (d) Painters. (e) Electrical. (f) Refrigeration. is) Power. (h) Janitor. In the Main Office, all clerical and stenographic work is done in connection with various departments and branches. Here the Administration of the Office is carried on, mail and orders are received and answered, orders for repair work and operation are given out and distributed, the files are kept intact, records of all work are received, tabulated and filed daily and monthly reports are prepared, necessary for the Head of the Department to ascertain the condition of each utility at any time, as far as maintenance and oper- ation are concerned. The maps of the Utilities are kept up to date, all drafting work necessary for historical and office records, plans and estimates are prepared for improve- ments and many other things done such as are necessary to keep complete and accurate recor dof all activities. The Departmen': of Utilities is an established necessity. When consideration is given to the fact that not only all of the Utilities of the Post are maintained and operated, but each and every building must be furnished with light, heat, water and kept in repairs. This means that a permanent operating and maintenance force must be established at each Post. It is not only necessary to make all repairs which are reported and to fix the responsibility for the re- pairs necessary, due to abuse and not contracted by fair wear and tear, but all the utilities and all the buildings must be kept in workable condition and at the highest pos- sible standard, even though these repairs are not directly rei'orted. This requires a continuous maintenance force which must make daily inspection and repairs. From an operating standpoint, water must be supplied, light fur- nished, and sewers kept open and clean, ice manufactured, buildings kept warm, carpenter, painting and janitor work must be done, roads repaired and drainage system at all 55 times ready to carry off flowing water. SERVICE MUST BE RENDERED. Co-Ordination of Work With Post Organizations: All orders of every nature, requests for repairs relative to the work done by Utilities, must come through the Officer in charge of Utilities. When it is desired to have orders issued for observance by the Post at large, memorandums are sent to the Adjutant. When approved are made a part of Post orders and issued. The operating equipment for Utilities is of the best in construction. Coal and ash handling equipment consists of coal crusher and bucket conveyor capable of handling 25 tons of coal per hour. A travelling weighing hopper of two ton capacity is used for conveying and weighing coal to stokers from overhead bunkers having 200 tons storing capacity. Two (2) 276 Horse Power type S14 Sterling \¥ater Tube Boilers constructed to operate under 162 pounds working pressure, fired by self cleaning Jones Un- derfeed Stokers, capable of operating boilers at 150 per cent of rating. Forced draft fan is driven by a Troy engine and has auxiliary motor drive. Two (2) additional 276 Horse Power Sterling boilers of the same type are now be- ing installed. These boilers will be equipped with Jones A. C. Stokers, capable of operating boilers at 200 per cent of rating. Chimney is 184 feet in height from base and SYz feet inside diameter at base. Two (2) 150 K. W. three wire 250-125 volt Fort Wayne Electric Works generators, directly connected to two (2) Kerr Co.'s economic Type Steam Turbines, running at 2,000 R. P. M. Switchboard consists of two (2) generator panels and two (2) feeder panels equipped with necessary switches, circuit breakers, volt and ampere meters, Watt meters on power and lighting bus, registering the total out- put. Excavation has been made foi an addition to Power House to be 80'x75'. Two (2) 250 K. W. Generators driv- en by compound Hamilton Corliss Engines will be in- stalled as soon as building is completed. 56 Refrigeration— One Co. 2 Compressor of 30 tons refrig- erating capacity directly connected to a 10x24" Hamilton Corliss Engine is in operation at present. One Co2 Com- pressor of 60 tons capacity directly connected to a 14x30" Hamilton Corliss Engine has been contracted for and will be erected sooo. The refrigerating equipment includes one steam driv- en and one motor driven brine pump. Co2 condensor and brine coolers with brine tank of sufficient capacity. An ice making plant with capacity of 4.800 pounds ot ice per 24 hours is part of this equipment. In addition to the brine cooled refrigerators now in service, and to those to be in- stalled in the new Units of this Hospital, a drinking water cooling and circulating system will be installed. The ca- pacity of this system is to be cooling of 200 gallons of wat- er from 75 degrees to 40 degrees and 800 gallons of re- circulating water from 50 degrees to 40 degrees per hour. The following heaters are installed in the present En- gine Room. One 1,500 h. p. Cochrane open feed water heater, one exhaust steam heater for service water, this heater is also equipped with thermostatic valve to admit live steam, when needed. One exhaust steam heater for hot water heating system with a capacity of heating 2,000 gallons of water per minute from 160 to 190 degrees. A heater of same size and capacity has been contracted for and v/ill be installed in the near future. In addition to these a live steam heater is also installed and ready for service. In the engine room basement are installed two Kerr Tur- bine driven Jeanesville centrifugal pumps for circulating of hot water through heating system. The capacity of these pumps is 1,000 gallons per minute at 100' head each. One additional motor driven Manistee roto pump with a ca- pacity of 1,500 gallons at 100' or 2,000 gallons at 73' head will be installed for same purposes. The combined heating service supplied by these pumps will be approximately 100,000 square feet of radiation. Part «7 of this radiation will consist of in-direct vento coils. There will be 11 air washers, each complete with separate driven fans and 11 motor driven pumps. The majority of the di- rect radiation will be controlled by Johnson Service Co.'s Temperature Regulators. Sylphon Valves being used throughout. Two 9x5x10 outside packed plunger pumps of Buffalo Steam Pump Co.'s make are used for Boiler feed. These are equipped with revolution counters and the amount of feed water is calculated strokes by area — 10 per cent for slip. It is however intended to install a water meter at a later date. Three (3) 6x4x6 outside packed plunger pumps of same make are also installed in Engine room basement. Two are used to drain low pressure heaters and the other for boiler washing. Two Hygeia non-agitating Type Filters, with a capacity of 5,000 gallons per hour each are used to filter all service water. Two motor driven centrifugal pumps with capacity of 500 gallons per minute are in use to boost city pressure and for fire purposes. One motor driven air compressor, delivering 80' of free air per min- ute is used for Garage, heat regulation and general purposes. An additional compressor of 150 feet per minute capacity will be installed shortly. Live steam for Kitchen, Laundry, Sterilization and other purposes is also furnished from Power Plouse. All additions and changes mentioned in this report are made at the expense of the Henry Ford Hospital. Utlities are operated at this Post with Civilian Labor and Enlisted Personnel. The Civilians were taken over by the Government with the Hospital when same was turned over for Government use. PERSONNEL OFFICE Lieut. August Seidler, S. C, Registrar and Personnel Adjutant. Date of arrival of first officer — Colonel Cooper, October 30, 1918. Date of arrival of first detachment of enlisted men, November 23, 1918 — 28 men from Camp Custer, Michi- 5S gan, December 14, 1918; detachment of 380 men arrived from Camp Greenleaf, Ga. Date of arrival of first nurse, November 23, 1918, Miss Kirkpatrick, Chief Nurse; 14 nurses arrived November 25, 1918, from Fort Wayne, Michigan; December 25, 1918, 40 nurses arrived from Port Riley, Kansas. Number of enlisted men on duty June 20, 1919 — Medical Department, 489; Quartermaster Corps, two; Motor Trans- port Corps, 33; Ordinance Corps, one. REGISTRARS OFFICE Date of admission of first patient November 25, 1918. Total number of admissions to June 20, 1919 — 1,990. Date of arrival of first detachment of overseas patients Feb- ruary 20, 1919. Number of patients in Hospital June 20, 1919—669. OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN Admissions: From command, 395. By transfer from other hospitals, 1,179. Other sources, 35. Dispositions : Returned to duty, 878. Discharged for disability, 55. Died, 1. Transferred to other hospitals, 38. Othewise dis- posed of, 76. Remaining in hospital, 592. In quarters, 14. Days lost in Hospital, 45,618; in Quarters, 1,801. NURSES Admitted from command, 33. By transfer from other Hospitals, 3. Returned to duty, 26. Otherwise disposed of, 2. Remaining in Hospital, 8. Days lost in Hospital, 432. Quarters, 60. CIVILIANS Admissions : From command and other sources, 29. Dispositions : Died, 3. Otherwise disposed of, 22. Remaining in Hos- pital, 4. Days lost in Hospital, 175. 69 The above data as of admissions and disposition from date of opening of Hospital to May 31st, inclusive. DISPENSARY Dispensary opened December 9, 1919. Number of pre- scriptions filled to June 20, 1919, 4,867. Sectional case sys- tem is used in Dispensary. Three men on duty in the Dis- pensary. CHATPER IX. HOSPITAL NEWSPAPER THE DETROIT AZUWER, the official publication for this hospital, has been published weekly since the first week in February, 1919. At the time this is being written seventeen numbers have been issued and the paper has met with unexpected, success. Hospital newspapers are sanctioned by The Surgeon General of the Army, but the local organ was the out- growth of the energy and interest turned toward it by The Commanding Officer, Lieut. Colonel A. T. Cooper. Patients began to arrive for the first time early in February and it was with the idea of giving them a newspaper which would represent their past activities and their life here that the Colonel combed the personnel for a staff. The Colonel ascertained that Lieut. H. C. Hines, then Director of General Education, had had several years' ex- perience as a newspaper editor. Hence, he immediately ap- pointed Lieut. Hines the editor-in-chief of the publication then unborn, v/ith instructions for the latter to gather about him such men or women who would be capable of producing a paper worthy of the hospital. Lieut. Hines imjnediately organized his staff, largely composed of members of the Educational Service. Among these were Corporal O. R. Johnson (associate editor). Cor- poral A. H. Hoch (business manager). Corporal G. H. Bechtel (reporter), Pvt. First Class H. E. Knarr (adver- tising manager), Pvt. George Stevens (advertising solici- 60 tor), and Pvt. First Class A. H. Capps (circulation man- ager). Organization was affected and it was arranged to publish the first number on February 8. The paper be- gan modestly, running eight pages, seven columns. It was devoted to news of the hospital, carried a message to the soldiers from Major Ian Hay Beith of the British Army, featured pictures of Abraham Lincoln and Theodore Roosveelt, and was dedicated to Colonel Cooper. It was well received not only by the hospital personnel but by the public at large, the advertisers of Detroit being espec- ially helpful in a substantial way. Shortly after the organization of the staff and just prior to the issue of the first number, the Section of Gen- eral Publicity of the office of The Surgeon General gave valuable assistance by sending additional personnel for the staff. Hospital Sergeant Henry G. Hullfish was sent down to take the position of managing editor, Hospital Sergeant Ovid C. Lane as news editor. Sergeant Joseph J. Quinlin as circulation manager, and Sergeant Joseph A. Zastrow, Sergeant George Schuhrieman, and Pvt. First Class Ed. G. Hacker as advertising solicitors. With this additional personnel of experienced news- paper men,^ it was possible to expand. A bigger paper was planned and issued which assumed metropolitan propor- tions. In addition other members were added to the staff. Hospital Sergeant Edward J. Beck was made magazine editor, Pvt. Robert L. Ratto assistant business manager, Miss Ruth Ann Wilbur staff artist. Corporal Joseph E. Kuczinski staff photographer, Sergeant First Class Moore, sales manager. Corporal E. D. Bacon reporter, and Lieut. Roger V. Garrett business manager. Later in the paper's history Mr. H. C. L. Jackson was made news editor and Miss Ruth L. Downey reporter; Pvt. H. F. Williams came on the staff as photographer on the discharge of Corporal Kuczinski. Several changes took place by discharges and transfers. Hospital Sergeant Lano was transferred to Fort Sheridan, and, in addition to Corporal Kuczinski, Cor- poral Ratto was discharged. Several members of the 61 Educational Service were needed in that division and were recalled. These were Corporals Johnson and Hoch, with the original staff, and Corporal Fenske on part time duty. Sergeant W. R. Fraser, who had acted as office man, was also recalled to the Educational Service. Corporal Bechtel injured his foot and was confined to the hospital for two months, eventually passing up his work on the paper. There are three distinct divisions of a newspaper which keep it in operation. First the news department must be specialized and efficient. THE AZUWER was fortunate in having on its staff news writers of exceptional capabili- ties, and the mechanical side was so well cared for that critics from the Detroit dailies failed to find any place where the publication might be improved. Second, the subscription list must be relatively large. This depart- ment was operated by men of experience also, but this field was never a howling success. The public was willing to invest a few nickles a week in the purchase of the paper but did not overcrowd the circulation department with sub- scriptions. Third, the advertising must go far toward paying the printer. To size up that field fairly, it can be said that while the business men of Detroit very often gave evidence of never having heard of the war and of disabled soldiers, the staff, by dint of great effort,, secured nearly as much advertising as the paper could carry each week. Contrary to other hospital papers, the local publica- tion has never received one cent of aid from any source. It started without a penny and has paid all of its bills up to the present time, having laid by for further use a relatively large balance. The accounts of the paper have been audited each week by the Post Exchange Council and that body has acted as bankers for the publication. Plans are at this time on foot to improve the quality and grade of the paper and it is also hoped that sufficient funds will be secured to publish a year-book, such work to be done by the present staff. 62 Major George P. Arps, Chief Educational officer, was early appointed supervising officer of THE AZUWER, and it was due to his untiring efforts that the paper was well advertised in Detroit and that the staff secured comfortable quarters in which to carry on the necessary work. All in all it has been a tremendous task to publish the local paper but those who have been attached to it have given of their time and energies without "stint or limit." CHAPTER X. AUXILIARY ORGANIZATIONS American Red Cross William S. Otis, field director. Robert Phillips, associate field director in charge of Hospital Communication work. J. W. Jorgensen, associate field director, in charge of Home Service. A. W. Miller, assistant director, Recreation Department. Ralf McLain, assistant director, Bureau of Communi- cation Service. A. W. McMillen, assistant director. Bureau of Com- munication Service. W. Herbert Bartlett, musical director. Paul S. Fox, assistant director, in charge of supplies. The American Red Cross in the hospital is in a unique position for a civilian organization. Under the provision of bulletin number fifty of the War Department, the American Red Cross serving with the land forces becomes part of the sanitary service of such forces and is the only volunteer society authorized by the Government to render aid to said service. This bulletin further states that any other society desiring to render similar aid can do so only under the American Red Cross. This principle covers ac- tivities on the reservation occupied by hospitals as well. A certain definite program is laid down for the organi- zation. This can be roughly divided into four classes of 63 service. First, hospital service which covers all emerg- ency service, by which the Red Cross agrees to respond to any call from officers of the Army or Navy to render sup- plementary or emergency service of any kind whatever as specifically authorized for the Army by General Order Number Seven. Second, Communication Service, which has to do with the communication of the men of the Army, Navy and Marine Corp on one hand and their families and friends on the other hand and the securing of information concerning the one for the other. Third, Home Service, which is that branch of Red Cross Service which has to do with the well being of the families of the enlisted men of the Army, Navy and Marine Corps. Fourth, Recreation Service, which is attached to the Educational Department of a hospital and which has a definite program outlined by the surgeon general to provide recreation and entertain- ment for the patients, nurses, ofl!icers and detachment men. All of the above branches of the service are authorized ])y distinct orders from the War Department and all of these branches of service are in existence in the U. S. Army Hospital No. 36. The official representative of the Red Cross at any post or hospital is known as the field director and at the head of the various departments of service are assistants known as associate field directors who may have one or more assistatns in each department. These Red Cross workers have the status of officers and are privileged to wear the insignia of officers. The Red Cross work in this hospital was started in the early part of the present year on the appointmeint of Mr. A. P. Carroll as field direccor. About the same time Mr. Robert Phillips came here as associate field director in charge of Communication Service and was followed a short time later by Mr. J. W. Jorgensen, is associate field director in charge of Home Service. As the work grew, additions were made to the staff and at the present time there are eight officers and five clerical assistants in the Red Cross force. On May twenty-fifth Mr. Carroll resigned as field 64 director and was succeeded by the present incumbent Wm. S. Otis. Through the hospital service the Red Cross is dis- tributing from five to eight thousand cigarettes daily, flowers, pastries, candy, fruit, toilet articles of various kinds, various items of clothing, in fact endeavoring to meet the needs of patients and detachment men where same can not be taken care of through regular channels. It has also made numerous emergency purchases for the Educational Department and for the various departments of the hospital where the articles could not be obtained through army channels at all or without long delay. In the Bureau of Communication the Red Cross is sending out the official notice of arrival to the relatives, supplementing this with a personal letter from the Red Cross advising the family of the man's general condition with a few words as to the excellent service he is receiving from the medical authorities. Also handles hundreds of communications from the families concerning the physical well being of the men. The workers in this department visit the wards numerous times each day and render per- sonal service of various kinds to the men. In addition the Red Cross has organized a corps of women visitors who daily visit the wards and endeavor to be of service to the patients in various ways. In the Home Service Department upwards of one thousand cases have been handled in which assistance of various kinds has been given to the men, ranging from advise on insurance, allotments and allowance, compensa- tion, etc., to the furnishing of financial and medical relief to the families of the men at home. In addition to this, the department is used extensively by the authorities for the purpose of investigating home conditions, when requests are made by military authorities, for furloughs, discharges, etc. In the Recreation Service the Red Cross representa- tive is active in the Morale Department and by order of the commandant all arrangements for entertainment and 65 recreation of the patients and detachment men at this hos- pital are handled through the Red Cross. The organization has been working under certain dis- advantages in that its recreation building has been delayed in construction and has just been completed, during the past week. Full program of events has been planned for the future and already the building is proving very popular as evidenced by the fact that the three entertainments given so far have averaged an attendance in excess of four hundred. Y. M. C. A. Hut The Y. M. C. A. building on the ground of the hospital is exceedingly attractive with its spacious porches, hang- ing baskets and reclining chairs and is located quite a dis- tance from the noise and distractions of the street in the midst of a lawn of rolling green. A program of activities is planned for each day at the *'Y". If the men are confined to their wards, and are un- able to go to the hut, secretaries go to them with their ministry of song and cheer. The program consists of movies on Mondays; an edu- cational lecture and an enlisted men's dance on Tuesdays; movies and a militant religious message on Wednesdays; an officers' dance every other Thursday night; vaudeville on Fridays; social on Saturdays, and on Sundays there are three religious services. Remedial gymnastics are offered each day in the gym- nasium of the hut under the direction of C. I. Freeman, athletic director. Even the men in wheel chairs enter the ball-throwing games planned for their special benefit. A brotherly spirit is always shown by the secretaries toward the men who seiek recreation in the hut. Pool tables, writing faciltiies, Victrolas and all the gymnasium apparatus are always at their disposal. Knights of Columbus When U. S. General Hospital No. 36 first opened as an i. 66 Armv institution, Mr. Don T. Galvin was appointed secre- tary of the we,lfare work for the Knights of Colambus ac- tivities. Owing to laclv of space no office was assigned to the Knights of Columbus and as Mr. Galvin was then act- ing as secretary at Fort Wayne he was not able to spend more than half days at this hospital. On April 7, 1919, the Solarium on Unit D was turned over to the Knights of Colimibus as its official headquarters. Mr. D. J. Rooney was added as a secretary May 10, 1919. The Solarium was furnished with writing tables, chairs, writing material, playeir piano, Victrola, pool tables, maga- zines, and cigarettes, candy and cigars always on the tables for visitors. Mass was conducted every Sunday by an ordained priest. An orderly from the enlisted personnel of the hospital, was detailed to help the secretaries, early in April, and a civilian clerk was added to the staff by the Knights of Columbus. During its activities the Knights of Columbus has dis- tributed 80,000 cigarettes, 10,000 cigars, 2,000 chocolate bars, and a ton of candy. Everybody welcome, everything free, has been its policy from the start. Jewish Welfare Board In the beginning, the Jewish Welfare Board had no regular representative at the Hospital, the work being handled by the local branch of the Board, and its local sec- retary, Mr. I. W. Jacobs. Mr. Jacobs has visited the Jewish patients regularly. The Local Branch provided eating and sleeping accomodations during Jewish holidays for the Jewish men at the hospital, since the inception of the Service. The Jewish Welfare Board Building down town has been open to all men of the Post, and has filled a par- ticular want on Saturdays and Sundays, when sleeping ac- comodations were provided for the men, free, of charge. A weekly Sunday evening dance, with refreshments, also 67 filled a need, since no entertainment, of any kind, was pro- vided at the Hospital, or other places, for the men in uni- form on that evening. At the Hospital, the J. W. B. furnished refreshments for the Red Cross Dance, bi-monthly, and lately, weekly. It also provided two complete moving picture shows for the wards each week, since the beginning. Mr. E. H. Saul- son has lent his services to the Morale Branch of thei Hos- pital, and through him this part of the Service was able to get the new baseball diamond laid out by the Detroit Baseball Club, and through his efforts too, the bleachers were erected by the Department of Public Works of tlie City of Detroit. The J. W. B. has also assisted greatly in the athletic and morale work of the hospital, as its present representative, Mr. E. H. Saulson, in addition to his other duties, was detailed for service under the morale officer of the. hospital, Major George F. Arps. Major Arps, in speak- ing of the services of Mr. Saulson, the representative of the Jewish Welfare Board, in a recent communication, said, "He has rendcii'ed valuable assistance in the organization of the hospital Morale Office. It is largely through his efforts that the various and sundry problems, connected with the work of this office, were reduced to order and sys- tem, thus contributing, largely, to the efficiency of the office." American Library Association— Hospital Library (IVIiss Elizabeth Pomeroy, Librarian.) The A. L. A. War Service began its work in U. S. Army General Hospital No. 36, February 1st, 1919. From this date service has be.en rendered, through tne cooperation of the Detroit Public Library, but the library room in the Solarium of Unit B of the new building, was not finished for occupancy until March 11th. At the beginning, the library hours were from 9 a. m. to 9 p. m., but as the. doors were never locked, and always swung a welcome, the place w^as in use at S o'clock in Ihe 68 morning and because of a request made by the Detachment men, the lights were kept on until 10 o'clock in the evening. The collection of about 4,000 volumes includes books on practically every subject with a good supply of inter- esting fiction. Regular visits are made to all wards and particular care is taken to supply bed patients with desired reading matter. About fifty daily papers are received from all parts of the country and the man in bed is supplied with his "home town" paper whenever possible. Deposits of books are furnished the Y. M. C. A, hut, Ward 2, in the old building, and the Guard House. Late magazines are also supplied with these deposits and all wards in both buildings, the Red Cross Rooms, K. of C, Nurses' Solarium, and Reconstruction Aides' Rest Room, regularly visited with current magazines. The library cooperates with the Educational Service in furnishing supplementary books on all subjects taught in that department. About 1,000 volumes per month are charged out by actual count, but as the books are usually read by several men in a ward on one charge from the library, statistics are of little value in determining the circulation. A good reference collection is maintained in the library and the use and popularity of the "Sun Parlor" as a read- ing and reference room, is sufficient proof that the war work undertaken by the American Library Association is a necessary part of the hospital life. ea On June 26, the Commanding Officer received a letter from the Surgeon General of the Army setting forth that "Instructions have this day been received that U. S. Gener- al Hospital No. 36, Detroit, Mich., will be abandoned, and, in accordance with request of the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service, dated June 16, 1919, it will be trans- ferred to the Treasury Department. All patients and per- sonnel will be out of the building by August 1, 1919 When all Medical Department personnel and patients have been disposed of, you are directed to turn this hos- i)ital, with all supplies and equipment requiied by the Public Health, over to a proper representative of that -office." Thereupon steps were immediately taken to expe- •dite the movement of all patients and the discharge of •J.he enlisted personnel. Thus arose, served and passed into history, IT. S. A. General Hospital No. 36. It is appropriate to record acknowledgement of the efficient, loyal and sacrificing services, for the most part, of the men and vv^omen who have constituted its personnel. Without the dominant war motive and without the hope of popular acclaim they have exerted their best tal- ents, actuated, in many instances, almost entirely from a sense of patriotic duty. Their chief reward must always remain an inward sat- isfaction in having rendered the nation an important ser- vice in creating Educational opportunities according med- ical and surgical service for men worthy of every consid- eration which a grateful people may bestow. So varied have been the advantages accorded the na- tion's sick and wounded that well may Opportunity ex- claim: "They do me wrong who say I come no more, When once I knock and fail to find you in; For every day I stand outside your door. And bid you wake, and rise to fight and win." 70 NURSES AT U. S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. S6 Keener, Lydia (Chief Nurse) Klrkpatrick, Mabel (Chief Nurse) Disch. Apr. 19, 1919 Adams, Josephine Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 Bennell, Julia Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 Bishop, Charmian Bourke, Florence Disch. May 22, 1919 Bennett, Pearl Britton, Lydia Disch. July 1. 1919 Campbell, Flora Campbell, Katherine Cholcher, Ida Corrigan, Alice Craig, Clara Demoor, Mary Disch. July 1. .1919 Dodds, Dianna Eichenberger, Minnie Falls, Hazel Ferguson, Edith Flynn, Johanna Foley, Florence Gallagher, Elice Glover, Sophronia Green, Mary Goff, Hazel Transf. June 24. 1919 Graham, Louise Disch. Mar. 20. 1919 Hall, Marguerite Disch. Mar. 22, 1919 Hanson, Alma Harger, Edith Disch. July 1, 1919 Hanselman, Louise Harris, Margaret Higgins, Mary J. Higgins, Mary M. Hewitt, Edna Irvine, Mary Disch. July 2, 1919 Iverson, Mary Jentgen, Loretta Jettie, Edith Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 Johnson, Eva Johnson, Agnes Disch. Jan. 23, 1919 Johnston, Mabella Jones, Edith Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 Jones, Katherine Kallen, Hannah Kenney, Edna Kiernan, Lillian Disch. Mar. 20, 1919 Lanthier, Viola LeMieux, Emma Louden, Florence Lovett, Lilly Disch. Mar. 20. 1919 McWebb, Mary MacWilliams, Charlotte McKellin, Elizabeth Disch. June 5, 1919 Martin, Emma McCauley, Georgia McLean, Mary Millard, Elizabeth Miller, Edna Mueller, Elizabeth Murphy, Grace Mourer, Mildred Murphy, Grace Mupgrave, Sarah Metzger, Mary Disch. May 8, 1919 Munsey, Maud Disch. Jan. 16. 1919 71 MoBtteski, Helen Disch. May 20, 1919 Neubert, Sophie Trans. June 28, 1919 Noonan, Mayrae Palen, Grace O'Kaine, Lillian Disch. June 5, 1919 Olson, Rachael Disch. Jan. 20. 1919 Peck, Harriet Pickel, Helen Parsons, Lenore Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 Peters, Minnie Disch. May 20, 1919 Phil brook, Ruth Disch. April 27, 1919 Pomeroy, Mildred Disch. Mar. 2. 1919 Peters, Edith Purdy, Harriet Ravwitch, Annie Disch. July 1. 1919 Rennie, Margaret Disch. July 1. 1919 Reen, Mary Disch. Jan. 10, 1919 Renmen, Karanda Disch. .Ian. 24, 1919 Riek, Bora Disch. June 5. 1919 RECONSTRUCTION AIDES Adams, Rebecca A. (Head) Beebe, Kathleen M. Boyd, Mrs. Ruth R. Brown, Christine E. Bradley, Margaret Bryant, Lyman M. Charles, Albert W. Davis, Vesper W. Deveraoux, Lois Downey, Ruth I. Roach, Margaret Rossum, Tilda Rumberger, Erma Rustad, Glenda Ryan, Junie Ryan, Margaret Russel, Genevieve Samuelson, Mary Schantz, Ida Shaub, Josephiae Sesson, Ruth Shotwell, Mable Skog, Bertha Disch. May 20, 1919 Slater, Elsie Sleeper, Maud Sopko, Theresa Strout, Helen Sturrock, Helen Thomas, Cornelia Thornhill, Pearl Thorpe, Francis Wall, Margaret Watson, Marian White, Clara Wilkowske, Pauline Williamson, Edith OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY Dauplaise, Marie Delisle, Violet C. Driscoll, Aloysia M. Prantz, Sarah G. Disch. June 30, 191» Gardiner, Elizabeth G. Haberkorn, Adelaide D. Hadjisky, Elizabeth Henry, Jean S. Hines, Mrs. Ruth Ann 72 Hunter, Leora Jackson, H. C. L. Keenan, Marie Kneeland, Blanch G. Kuczynski, Joseph Lippe, Rae Potts, Samuel L. Palms, Josephine D. Disch. June 21, 1919 Plummer, Ruth A. Riehman, Mathilde Reed, Lillian E. Russell, Elizabeth S Rottman, Shirley M. Seadler, Miriam Spaulding, Laura S. Turner, Jennie A. Woodies, Ida RECONSTFtUCTION Baker, Ruth T. Barrett, Lillian B. Beat, Winnifred Burtnette, Ethel Cabeen, Lucile Carnett, Laura Curtis, Anna Belong, Florence AIDS— PHYSIO THERAPY Doty, Daisey E. Hallett, Mrs. E. McAllister, Carroll Skinner, Margaret Terry, Eselle Wellington, Dorothy Walcott, Clara L. Rivirdo, Marino ENLISTED PERSONNEL OF U. S. A. GENERAL HOSPITAL NO. 36 Master Hospital Sergeants Lyons, Harry E. McAndrews, Michael Martin, John W. Steigerwald, Victor Hospital Sergeants Beck, Edward J. Benson, Charles L. Disch. April 11, 1919 Emery, Warren Lovei, John Schler, William Sergeants 1st Class Benge, Eugene J. Disch. May 28. 1919 Bere, James G. Disch. April 11. 1919 Clark, John D. Cotter, Arthur B. Early, Martin L. East. Stiles R. Fisk, Edgar A. Foote, Charles Grueter, Leo H. Hannum, Louis M. Disch. April 11, 1919 Howe, C. J. Disch. April 11. 1919 Kelly, Harry E. Disch. April 11. 1919 Langley, Arthur W. McCarty, Allen J. McClendon, Homer Mallory, LeRoy N. 73 Manson, Chas. D. Disch. May 6. 1919 Moore, Glen R. Noble, Orrion L. Palmore, Curtis E. Disch. April 11. 1919 Poorman, Harry W. Reid, David R. Sarre, Alphons J. Disch. June 24. 1919 Scotland. Andrew B. Senkel, John Smith, Harold H. Taub, Israel Disch. May 23, 1919 Campbell, Oliver F. Sergeants Axford, Raymond Disch. April 11, 1919 Barger, John J. Bassett, Amos T. Berkstrasser, Chas. F. Brandt, Bertram H. Brenzy, Andrew Brierre, Theodore Bush, Lyle G. Carr, Gordon Cavun, Albert Clark, Ernest Cornelius, Percy H. Craig, John, Jr. Disch. April 7, 1919 Dacre, Edward F. Disch. April 7, 1919 DeLaPointe, Geo. E. Dimmick, Forest L. Fishburn, Berlyn W. Eraser, Wilford R. Gelhaar, Earl A. Goble, Raymond Disch. April 11, 1919 Haynie, Frank G. Harpster, Paul F. Disch. April 15, 191? Henry, Edward M. Disch. April 7, 1919 Hewitt, Raymond E. Hickman, James Hollister, Paul L. Horn, Clarence A. Jordan, Rufus E. Keane, Michael F. Keeler, Bradford Kerstetter, Chas. Lund, Clarence R. McCreary, Augustus M. McFadden, Wm. F. Mallory, John D. Miller, David Moran, Theodore C. Muchotzky, Joseph Disch. April 11, 1919 Meyers, Landon Nelson, John D. Parsons, Earl D. Pascal, Edwin H. Reus, Frederick C. Disch. April 7, 1919 Rush, Lyle G. Schlipp, Frederick Shapiro, Jacob Schultz, Abraham Disch. April 11, 191S Smith, Nathan R. Spaulding, Robt. L. Disch. April 7, 1919 Ehalaker, Bush E. Thomas, Philip W. Van Buren, Ira P. Disch. April 27. 1919 Weatherhead, John F. Wilbur, Raymond T. 74 Wilson, Henry E.' Wood, Charles H. Wray, James Corporals Aldrid, William F. Bayless, Ralph E. Bacon, Edwin Beehtel, George H. Buss, Truman H. Bardwell, Leland F, Bennett, Clyde M. Brown, Merle L. Disch. April 7, 1919 Burns, Wra. T. Bush, Leroy E. Disch. Feb. 5. 1919 Cassidy, Charles C. Clarke, Francis P. Cissa, Albert P. Conroy, Francis R. Covington, Harry D. Dackard, Harry M. Doughty, Francis Druek, Edward C. Fenske, Leon W. Flaherty, John A. Disch. .Tan. 17, 1919 Frites, Hugh Giganis, Michael Gorgan, Mark D. Hahn, Fred P. Hefferman, Patrick J. Howell, Frank Disch. Mar. 28, 1919 Hoch, Alvin H. Jackson, Reynold D. Jarvey, Wm. J. Disch. April 11. 1919 Johnson, Oscar R. Johnson, Frank W. Johnson, Walter Jones, Sam O. Kahm, Geo. P. Knarr, Harry E. Krause, Alexander R. Kuczynskim, Jos. Di.sch. April 11, 1919 Kutz, Wm. G. Disch. June 17, 1919 Leith, Curtis G. Long, Clayton Maki, Leonard McCormick, Harry A. Martin, Robert C. Mason, Fred M. Messang, Philip J. Moist, Jvlilton A. Mulikan. James Nevins, Andrews Disch. April 11, 1919 Olson, John Petzold, John Pierro, Julius C. Disch. April 11, 1919 Sexauer, Fred Skow, John B. Sleighter, Mark H. Staub, John Steinberg, Arthur A. Stewart, Henry E. Stone, Harry Steranchak, Steven Suneson, Andrew M. Trice, Geo. A. Disch. April 11. 1919 Van Dusen, Morris E. Ward, Kenneth, M. Wilson, Joseph L. Wirth, William A. Wood, Arthur G. 75 Zapf, George F. Cooks Arrant, John R. Arrant, James O. Brooks, Tennyson Burgess, James Coble, Alonzoa Gast, Fotos Hall, Dempsey Henning, Herbert J. Disch. Feb. 15, 1919 Hopper, Archie McFall, John B. Eiffel, Sol L. Schneider, Herman Disch. May 28, 1919 Ullrich, Paul E. Mechanics Wodsoki, Louis S. Wagoners Akey, Herbert O. Privates 1st Class Baker, George W. Blackstock, Raleigh J. Blankinship, Sam Bowers, Udora Bullinger, Myron E. Calbi, Michael A. Capps, Augustus N. Cohn, Martin Decker, John DeLaRue, Geo. G. Dubuque, Oliver Fitzpatrick, Thos. Foltz, Clarence W. Gilkinson, Alva O. Gerleff, Thos. F. Hall, Hamilton K. Hippensteel, Miles B. Holmgren, Alfonso Holmquist, Albert M. Coberly, Joseph Hoy, William A. Johnson, Freeman A. Kinch, Oscar A. Klaus, Frederick A. Koch, Herbert C. Kuzigan, Gerald Larson, John Magalski, Edward Mays, Charlie H. Maynard, Frank H. Meddendorf, Albert H. Mills, Arvie P. Murtha, John J. Nutten, Donald C. Orelup, Edward L. Paulik, Wm. M. Pell, Harry Pell, Gerald S. Porterfield, John E. Powers, Wm. H. Pray, Joseph L, Price, James E. Ray, Jesse Reid, William A. Reinhardt, Oscar E. Renner, Howard D. Rigoulet, Harold A. Roach, Henry C. Ruppert, August J. Rushing, Otto U. Salmen, Leo Sampson, Herbert L. S chafer, Arthur 76 Schortz, Lucien P. Slack, John R. Shepard, John J. Stevenson, Avon B. Tacy, Guy B. Tucker, Leo R. Tumilowich, Edgar Biles, Benjamin F. Wall, Charlie B. Walters, Edwin Westray, Edgar F. Weidmann, Charles M. Wilson, Thomas Wendtland, Charles M. Woolson, Robt. B. Zingrone, Anthony Privates Abrahamson, Reuben Adams, Harold Adams, Herbert J. Adams, William N. Albers, Harry J. Alderson, Anthony Disch. April 7, 1919 Albertus, Reginald E. Disch. May 6, 1919 Andersen, J. E. Anderson, Joseph Anderson, Joseph A. Ashley, Andrew L. Disch. June 9, 1919 Naldi, Antonio Ball, Edward M. Disch. April 7. 1919 Barack, Benjamin Barton, Herman Barton, Frederick M. Disch. April 11, 1919 Bellmore, Ernest Bensing, Henry F. Berg, Oscar Bergeron, Rudolph Disch. April 7, 1919 Berry, James M. Blazek, James Braun, Otto N. Disch. June 17, 1919 Burkland, Nabert E. Disch. April 11. 1919 Bond, Henry G. Bothwell, Charles E. Bowlen, Lawrence E. Brayovitch, Geo. T. Brooks, Jordan Brooks, Leland S. Brown, Jeptha Bryer, William Burgess, Grant A. Burmeister, Frank E Bush, Clarence A. Disch. April 7, 1919 Caldwell, James E. Caldwell, Philip J. Cannon, Joseph Carr, M. G. Carroll, Bernard A. Cartin, Clyde E. Chaloupek, Edward Chapman, Adair Disch. June 9, 1919 Chappuis, Howard S. Charles, Ira J. Chastin, Charles W. Disch. April 7, 1919 Cherasaro, Henry Cohen, Louis Disch. April 7, 1919 Conti, Guiseppe Corbett, Robt. E. CorcJI, Wm. A. Disch. April 11, 1919 Costigan, Geo. J. 77 Crafoiidoni, Gialluge Cudsc, Cecile M. Curteen, James O. Cyr, Napoleon E. Davis, Walter L. Deacon, Peter J. Dear, Gordon C. Disch. April 7, 1919 DeMaieo, Louis Devinnej', John F. Disch. April 7, 1919 Dicke>, Claire W. DiHard, Geo. W. Dippold, Andrew M. Disch. April 7, 1919 Drain, Lawrence DiX'dsop, August P. Ouggan, Charles Eagan, William J. Eagelson, Henry E. Eieheiieur, Edward H. PJIlenlai^tf, Jacob T. Ellis James O. Elliot:. V/illiara P. Emmons, George J. Disch. .Tune 9. 1919 English, Charles J. Disch. April 11, 1910 Enoch, Marie Evans, Floyd W. Exxell, Luther A. Disch. Aprx. 11, 1919 Fanelli, Anthony P. Farris, Wm. K. Farver, Lloyd L. Disch. May 6, 1919 Feucht, Harry P. Field, Edward A. Flath, William Flinspach, Edward M. Fokler, Drew B. Frederickson, Edmund H. Freeman, Joe, M. Fulton, Harold E. Gallety, Harry Garberino, Joe Gauner, Fred M. Gagger, Harry R. Gaydon, Adolph Geiss, Walter C. George, Willie T. Disch. April 11, 1919 Glide, George Goldberg, Abraham Goodman, Clark S. Disch. April 11, 1919 Gordon, Robert Disch. April 11. 1919 Graham, John Grakausky, Walter Greene, Orus W. Greenberg, Wm. Disch. April 11, 1919 Greenwald, Max Griffin, Marion A. Groeninger, Gus A. Grutschow, Elmer C. Gublin, Myron B. Disch. April 11. 1919 Gumser, Walter W. Hackmeyer, Maurice Disch. May 9, 1919 Hagadorn, Willard P. Haley, Gerald J. Hammill, Walter J. Handrus, Benj. Hart, Maynard C. Disch. April 11. 1919 Hartman, Joseph Heinleine, Hiram K. Disch. April 11, 1919 Herschler, Eugene J. Disch. April 11, 1919 78 Herschberger, Thos. B. Disch. April 11, 1919 Hertel, John W. Hiltunnin, Peter A. Disch. April 11, 1919 Hodge, Warren C. Hoekstra, Theodore Disch. April 11, 1919 Hogg, Alvin Disch. April 11, 1919 Hood, Clarence Disch. May 28, 1919 Hooper, Glen O. Huson, William R. Innacone, Michael Jackson, Louis D. Jerrigan, Floyd L. Johnson, Ewell D. Jones, Burl D. Disch. May 28, 1919 Jordan, Reive W. Kelley, Andrew J. Disch. April 11, 1919 Keen, George H. Disch. April 11, 1919 Keeney, Elijah Disch. April 11, 1919 Keesling, Lawrence K. Kersch, Walter Kerr, James H. Disch. April 11, 1919 Kibbel, Stuart Disch. April 11. 1919 Kiburtz, Fogo C. Kirkpatrick, Lloyd Disch. April 7, 1919 Kitchen, Daniel W. Klang, Frederick E. Klein, Francis Klinger, John E. Koepka, Henry E. Disch. April 7, 1919 Korothy, Joseph J. Krohn, William Krug, Michael Kurmin, Robert Disch. June 9, 1919 Landis, John Disch. April 11, 1919 Lanning, Walter L. Larson, Albert B. Lechleidner, John S. Lee, George P. Leinenger, Harry E. Disch. April 11, 1919 Leliler, Leon A. Lenahan, Richard Disch. April 11, 1919 Levinson, Isadore Levey, Gustave Lindner, Edward W. Litz, William B. Lofy, Frank R. Lynch, John Lynch, Timothy McCraney, Elza C. McCree, Bernard T. McCreagh, Bernard McDonald, Homer McDougall, Harry McLaughlin, George A. McNulty. John L. r.Ialov/, Verney ^Jiuke, Alvin H. Disch. April 11, 1919 Marple, Hardley H . Man-,' James Marra, Joseph H. Marshall, David S. Martin, John L. Martin, Steven J. Disch. Anril 11, 1919 1^'a-tusci, Pascall C. Tlf^halko, Frank ?Jicl:alonis, Joe Miles, Dale 79 Milka, John Miller, Sam Minnick, Flwood Moon, James E. Moore, Forest H. Moorehouse, Andrew C. Morris, Homer D, Disch. April 18, 1919 Murma, Walter H. Nies, Samuel R. Noeilla, Salvatore Nock, Godfrey Nones, Hiram P. Norby, Christian E. Obringer, Peter O'Keefe, Wra. J . Olari, Luigi Olsen, Martin Osytek, Stanley Owen, Reuben Page, Florences A. Palleschi, Angelo Palmer, Willard D. Patterson, Isham L. Patterson, Monte L. Payne, Albert V. Pierson, Harry O. Pellegrini, Joseph Pope, Anthony Perry, Homer Perlee, Clarence R. Peterson, Victor E. Pettit, Eugene Pfantz, Martin M. Pipenburg, Erwin H. Disch. June 13. 1919 Pratt, Wm. E. Pipiow, Ernest Porath, Herbert E. Povish, Anthony Powell, Richard Prouke, Michael Pruett, Chester J. Puis, George H. Rae, William R. Rake, Louis E. Rainwater, Alvin Disch. Mar. 6. 1919 Ralston, Alvah E. Ransey, James Ratto, Robert L. Disch. April 11, 1919 Remey, Albert Reardon, Charles A. P-eed, Whitmore W. Reese, Ralph Disch. April 11, 1919 Reichart, Andrew Reidenger, Henry F. Disch. June 13, 1919 Riddle, James B. Riding, Columbus Rivardo, Corado Rivardo, Marino Robinson, Elmer E. Roeske, Arthur Rogers, Frank Rose, Glen J. Saav, Thonics H. Salvatore, Emmo Sanborn, Albert R. Sand, Jacob Disch. April 7, 1911 Santarelli, Dominic Sarette, Wilfred Schisco, Henry J. Shultz, Alfred Shultz, Abraham Schultz, John A. Disch. May 28, 1919 SO Schnabb, Paul M. Disch. April 11. Scholink, Isadora Disch. April 11, Scliroeter, George A. Disch. April 7, Rchulenberg. Gustavo Disch. June 24, Scott, Roy A. Disch. April 11, Scott. William J. Seiferheld, Henry G. Disch. April 11, Shewey, Ernest M. Disch. Mar. 5, Skoole, Stefis Disch. Mar. 14, Smatters, John A. Scoggins, Rufus S. Schultz, Frank F. Scott, Clyde Scott. Henry B. Seribani, Louis Serotkowice, Peter Sheridan, John P. Skloduk, Alexander Shea, Edward F. Sheakley, Llewellyn R. Sylvester, Guiseppe Sladky, Joe Smith, Harry S. Smith, Clarence H. Smith, Frank Smith, Frank Smith, James G. Smith, William G. Bniiih, Henry M. Disch. April 11, Smith, Edgar M. Disch. April 11, Snyder, Thomas A. Soniat, Lucien I. 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 Specht, Amandasc B. Spence, Charity J. S perry, Ray Spicer, Lloyd F. Stange, Elner C. Starke, Wm. M. Stauber, Raymond L. Disch. April 11, 1919 Stevens, Geo. W. Steven, Homer H. Stitzer, Chas. F. St. John, Ormand B. Sullflsh, Charles Sullins, John W. Swich, Frank S. Disch. April 11, 19X9 Tangy, Fred Tanguay, Arthur Tartaglio, Mike Tavlin, Harry Teroto, Sam Disch. April 11, 1919 Terpeny, Harry Disch. April 11, 1919 Thigpen, William L. Thurston, Austin D. Disch. April 11, 1919 Teudhote, Charles A. Tinner, Wm. A. Towery, Clarence D. Trovato, Salvatore Tyson, Alfred A. Umholtz, Harry C. Vance, Samuel B. H. Vansovitch, Casimir VasselopuTos, Demetreos Vendor, Joseph Venturo, Laruzzo Versluis, Peter Disch. April 11. 1919 Voland, Edwin A. 81 VonKellar, Eugene Disch. April 11, 1919 Walls, Oliver J. Ward, Charles M. Disch. April 11, 1919 Ward, Paul J. Disch. April 11, 1919 Wederski, James J. Wehrman, Henry Disch. April 11, 1919 Woiskopf, John S. Weihe, Raymond Wellar, Samuel J. Westmond, Edward L. V/eston, Samuel Disch. April 11. 1919 Wheeler, Norman M. White, Harry F. Whit worth, Barry A. Vvi Enters, Emil A. V/isiiamn, Howard F. WiUlams, Milton G. Wiggins, Russell R. Wilson, Clyde L. Wilson, Henry G. ^Viison, Stanloj' Weinberger, Artnur L. Disch. April 11, 1919 V/itman, Frank Wolfe, Abe ^''olf stein, Nathan A. Wooters, Henry C. Wright, Geo. W. Wroten, Marion A. 7,::;n(^ni, Guiseppe Zerbanos, John A. /. i'lGwski, Frank J. Downey, Thomas Disch. Feb. 28, 1919 Eisner, Julian Disch. Feb. 24, 1919 Pollock, Harry M. Disch. Feb. 15, 1919 QUARTERMASTER CORPS QM Sergeant QMC Gessford, Victor C. Disch. May 22, 1919 Re-enl. May 23, '19 Sergeant, Senior Grade Bryne, John M. Disch. May 29, 1919 Landman, Frank C. Disch. May 3, 1919 Sergeant Rhea, Clyde Privates 1st Class Andon, Peter P. Disch. May 9, 1919 Seigneurie, Jerry Disch. May 9, 1919 Setterlund. Gust T. Disch. May 17, 1919 Wirt. Clay Z. Disch. May 9, 1919 Privates Anderson, Victor S. Disch. May 9, 1919 Cappette, Pete A. Disch. May 9, 1919 Dahl, Martin Disch. May 9, 1919 Holovitz, Marfen Disch. May 9, 1919 Thackeray, Paul R. Disch. May 9, 1919 Rohrbacher, Clarence W. Disch. May 28. 1919 Uraberto, Carlo Disch. May 16, 1919 Moehle, Henry Disch. May 9, 1919 Wagner, Fred Disch. May 9, 1919 Turner, Chauncey H. Disch. May 9, 1919 82 ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT Privates Hanson, Edward J. Mather, Warren S. Disch. May 7, 1919 MOTOR TRANSPORT CORPS Sergeants Foote, Charles J. Lee, Harold J. Manning, Harry L. Fleming, Freedom B. Disch. May 6, Corporals McKernan, Francis J. Privates Andruss, Chester L. Bruder, Ralph F. Carpenter, Raymond P. Cook, Ernest B. Jr. Cortright, Wm. A. Crosby, Geo. A. D'Antoni, Stafano DeRonde, Lawrence J. Evans, George E. Foley, John J. Hales, Harry A. Hoss, George C. Houseman, Walter G. Kahler, Harold Kelley, Earl F. King, Arthur J. Lindmeyer, Robt. E. Malcom, Allen E. 1919 Mons, Wm. F, Petterson, Almond Rasmussen, Alfred Rickard, Edward G Thomason, William E. Watson, John G. Whitman, Eber B. Willrich, Carlton L. Wood, Roy W. Wright, George J. Zaroccr, Paul J. Taylor, Merritt T. Private? Armstrong, Floyd A. Disch. May 13, Bronowitz, Max Disch. May 6, Destino, Lorenzo Disch. May 23, Goebel, Louis H. Disch. May 6, Noack, Maxwell R. Disch. May 13, Pastor, Anthony Disch. May 13, Puffingberger, Eldred O Disch. Mav 23, Windrum, Neil R. Disch. May 6, Woodson, Thomas M. Disch. May 6, 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 1919 88 LIBRPRY OF CONGRES 020 913 358 1