^O . '^^ ^^ *^Wao ^^^^^^^-^ o^^fev \^^^ '^^^"» \/ -*^te''^ ""^ s^ oe i1 iJUJ mh in: ILLySTiATED lu Atl of Congr.'M. in the ysar l«7l. by t. R. HAMCIISLV A Co.. in l>i* Offl.-« of tho Librtioii of Cang.-eii. tt Wjihinjior. O. « f te hmwgmi ililUBg^tii WANIMAK S. E. corner Sixth and Market Streets, PHILA^DELPHIi**-. THE PEOPLE'S ENDORSEMENT. Over Six Million Dollars worth READY- MADE ^kOTHINCf Has been sold at OAK HALL since its opening ^ in 1861. The jP/r.s« IVar'.-t Sales heiuf/ $24,000, and the last, $1,251,000. ;.:;;; This is the people's comment on the quality of om* i Goods and the moderation of our Prices. WANAMAKER & BROWN, CLOTHIERS TO THE PEOPLE, OAK HALL BUILDINGS, Nos. 532, 534, 536, 538 IVIarket Street, And Nos. 1, :i, 5, 7, O, 11 «e i:i South Sixth Street. rsons living at a distance from the city can order any article of Clothing by sending for samples, which we will return by mail, with our easy rules of self-raeasureraent, prices, &c. Perfect satisfaction guaranteed. (SEE PAGES 13 AND 14 OF TEXT. "1>SV^ PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. CYNICAL rivals have lonj^ declared that all the architectural ideas of Philadelphia were based upon a brick — that the rectaugularity of the streets had affected the dwellings, and that the merchants were so fond of their warehouses that they copied them, shutters and all, in their rcsideuccs. This was to a great degree true in the staid old times, when the steady manufacturer or merchant was laying the sure and broad foundation of future fortune in his plain "store" on Market street, with his family, cozy and comfortable, in the upper story. In those days, the ladies and gentlemen, who graced the court of Washington with dignity and decorum, clustered around Fourth and "Walnut, and considered Tenth and Chestnut far out of town Residences within the old city limits, with the rhythmical boundary of '• Vine and Pine," still maintain much of this ancient character, except on some favorite thoroughfares, where our merchant princes are daily replacing the old brick and moi'tar with all the brown stone and marble magnificence that decorates the modern temples of industry. But, as in every great metropolis, wealth separates the home from the workshop, and the accumulated riches are dis- played and spent far from the spot where they are laboriously garnered; so the wealth of our city is not to be seen within the narrow limits of the Philadelphia of William Penn, or of Franklin, or even of a dozen years ago, but in the lovely borders into which her taste and luxury have blossomed into beauty along the shaded walks of West Philadelphia, the sweet lanes that girdle Germantown, the winding waters of the Wissahickon, and the lovely indulatious of Chest- nut and Chelton Hills, where each wavelet of land is cultivated into garden luxuriance, and crowned with the palaces and towers of our Republican princes and potentates. The city, once embraced between the Delaware and the Schuylkill, '' near their confluence," has now spread northward until the boundary of the old city proper hardly reaches the central line of the densely-built metropolis, while beyond the Schuylkill, West Philadelphia extends for several miles, adorning the edges of the city with a fringe of charming villas. The metropolitan cities of the world are few in number, and have many characteristics in common. A metropolis must embrace all manner of life, and thought, and action, and give opportunity for the display and development of every form of human intelligence and industry. This high position Philadclpliia can proudly claim, and ct)mpletcly fulfill all the requirements and duties of the position. She is indeed a mother-city, ready to find room in her capacious bosom for artist and artisan, for learning and for labor; but with this general characteristic, com- mon to every great metropolis, she adds her individual and peculiar excellence — an excellence that does not display itself to the eye of the casual observer, for l^hiladelphia is unostentatious and reticent — she is strong and steady rather than fast and feverish. The wealth of the city is founded upon the riches of the soil ; she draws her vitality from the coal and irf)n and oil buried in the earth — a solid, inexhaastible trea.surc that does not flaunt garishly in the light, nor depend for its sole value upon the caprices of the stock market. The fortunes of Philadelphia have their wholesome roots in mother earth, and are laboriously won by fitting her gracious gifts to the needs of humanity. The wealth of the city is then best seen in the legions of locomotives and squadrons of ships laden with grain and granite^, coal and kero- (1) PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. sene, and in the vast halls resounding witli the hammer of the machinist, and is exhibited less in the palaces of the milhonaire than in those other palaces built by a prosperous people for common uses-m the market-house, the vast railroad depot, in the beautiful proportions of the Banks and the Saving Fund, in the Benevolent Asylums, in the Temples of Science, and in the liberal magnificence of the Public Schools— these are the Palaces of the People, built by the People, and for the People— and these are the boast of Philadelphia ! Our city is kind and tender of heart, and consistently has its benevolence been displayed Her hospitals and asylums stood early in the foremost rank. In her infancy West her first artist, painted " the man of sorrows" resting his healing hands upon the sick, for her splendidly endowed hospital. In a later day, when the nation sprang to arms and multitudes hastened to the field of battle, her simple " Cooper-shop," with its unostentatious benevolence, became the admi- ration of the world; the Sanitary Fair gathered a million of money for the amelioration of the _ horrors of war, and as another expression of the same feeling, the intellect of the city has persistently devoted itself to the alleviation of suffering, and made Philadelphia and her schools the centre of the medical knowledge of the continent. The poor are not huddled into tenement houses, and although the squalor and sin of a metropolis necessarily finds an ulcerous abode like Bedford street, the industrious immigrant and honest artisan speedily find a house and a home for themselves among the colonies of quiet tinv residences that line the open, healthful streets of our many manufacturing suburbs Public sentiment found a similar expression in the promptness and energy that established the railways to furnish the laborer a speedy transportion from his suburban home to the city workshop and not only built abundant market-houses, but stored them with wholesome food until Philadelphia can proudly boast that its lower and middle classes are better fed and better lod-ed than in any other city in the world. Fountains planted in the public streets are another truly humane in'sti- tution, and all these good gifts find a fitting culmination in the magnificent proportions of our public park. Comfort is a good old-fashioned word that is being rapidly expunged from the lexicon of modern progress, but it finds a safe shelter and a sure home in Philadelphia. Again, our city has but few monster capitalists; it is not the chosen home of the ^.reat railway king, that modern Briarius, who stretches out his hundred iron arms to control or crush the industries of the land at his own selfish pleasure, but we have an unusually large proportion of wealthy men, and they make themselves worthily known in the multitudinous benevolent and literary institutions. Philadelphia is not a city to be seen in a day. It has no great centre of interest, but it possesses thousands of .pots famous in the history of the past, or redolent with hope for the prospects of the future. Here are houses where the voices of Penn and Washington seem still to echo; libraries where the wisdom and benevolence of Franklin gave the impulse to learning and opened the stores of the erudite for the instruction of the public; and here are courts and colleges where wrought the mighty dead whose names belong to the history of the world It would be difficult to guide a stranger's footsteps from place to place with any lo-ical outliir ""''''''' '^'^ *^' "^'^ '"^' P^^^^P^' ^^ ^^^^ ^^-^i^^d ^y following its geographical The Delaware front, exhibiting more than seven miles of compactly-built warehouses, is very striking in its hours of activity, and still more imposing when the quiet of a sunny Sabbath ^T^T!i.T'^'°^ ^^''''' *" ^""'^ *^^ ^'^^* proportions of the mighty piles of masonry, washed by the huge waves that can bear to the very dock the ships of heaviest tonnage. The scene of this vast activity is bounded far down the river where League Island shelters those PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. floating fortresses, the wonder of modern invention, the ponderous iron-clads. Passing north- ward in this grand parade of commerce and industry, the Navy Yard presents a city in itself, with its varied industries and army of inhabitants, and still onward, past miles of warehouses, Richmond closes the vista with its imposing array of coal wharves. Parallel with this river frontage, as the next special object of interest is Second street, once the great thoroughfare of the city, and now stretching far, far to the northward, sometimes adorned with the handsome edifices of modern industry, and in other sections, quaint and homely, an unchanged monument of the past, with its old-fashioned shops and general "queer- ness," well worth a visit. Third and Fourth streets next bring us into the restless throng of the " wholesale " merchants. All the graduations of architectural progress are here displayed, and the magnificent structures that are destined at no distant day to occupy the whole space are seen in in- congruous array beside the plain, unpretentious front of long-established " houses," that still stead- ily maintain their well- known aspect against all the inroads of modern innovation. Business congregates in these confines, and the throng is closest where the two great central thoroughfares of INIarket and Chestnut traverse the " numbered " streets, opening to them direct communication with both rivers. Market is the great avenue by which many of the outer rail- roads connect with the city, and Chestnut is the fashionable promenade and thoroughfare of shops and picture galleries. PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. Fifth, Sixth and Seventh — all parallel with the Delaware-front — ^follow in due sequence and somewhat similar character, until Eighth street, "loved of all ladies," interjects its uninterrupted lines of retail shops. The rapid alterations of the last few years are fast expelling residences from all the streets of the old city proper, and the handsome new places of business are rising up- on the sites of older ones, or filling up all occasional gaps until they have over- stepped the magnificent boundary of Broad street under the ever invincible watchword of " West- ward ho !" Parallel with Market is the fine, broad highway of Arch street, which vainly struggles to main- tain the quiet and decorum B^ of the good old days when the Quaker aristocracy did so delight in its clean and airy precincts, and placid- ly enjoyed its breadth of sidewalk and limitless op- portunity for scrubbing- brush and splash. Wal- nut, Spruce and Pine through many squares preserve traces of the period when these streets contained our finest resi- dences. Market, the historic High street of ante-rev- olutionary days, is still the very heart of the commerce of the city, al- though far to the north- ward looms up a hand- some young rival in the ambitious Spring Garden ; and still further off, Girard avenue promises at no distant day to become the new centre for the new city spreading far beyond it. The curious " second-hand " trade, peculiar to large towns, rising from "old clo'," through many and various ramifications, finds a centre in the lower city in South street, and in Poplar, in the north. PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. To study Philadelpliia aright, it should be viewed in the light shed from Carpenters' Hall and the old State House. Carpenters' Hall, now hidden in a by-way, stands close to the very busiest of our business centres (Third and Chestnut), as if guarding the memory of the mighty past in the very midst of the tumultuous cares of the present. Here was the scene of the grand debates of the first Rev- olutionary Congress, and its memories sanctify the meagre walls of the old- time building, and make them glorious with the deeds that hallow thcui. Not far off, too, is Christ Church, venerable with age, still sending its silvery chime floating above the multitudinous sounds of the busy mart, and ever welcome as its soft, clear A'oice fulfills its ancient office of proclaim- ing the death of the old year and the birth of the ^ new, to the ear of the ever- G increasing multitudes. ^ In the very heart of j>: these thronged streets is the jMerchants* Exchange, once so admired for its architecture, and still worthy of note for its fine proportions and semi- circular colonnade. In suitable proximity is the handsome new building of the Commercial and Corn Exchange, where in spacious halls are trans- acted, by sample, the vast wholesale dealings of the immense grain interest, the amount of which can be best conceived by ex- amining the huge propor- tions of the majniificeut Grain Depot erected by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company in TTcst riiiladolphia, and in viewing the Grain Elevator at "Washington street wharf on the Delaware, where the grain is transferred from the cars to the vessels upon the river. Opposite the Commercial Exchange, o* PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. the old site of the Pennsylvania Bank, the new Appraisers' Stores and Bonded Warehouses of the United States Government, which is one of the most massive, solid and extensive structures in the country, rapidly approaches completion, and ere long it will be thoroughly fitted for the important purpose it is designed to serve. Only a few years have elapsed since Third street was considered as much the natural home of newspapers as of bank- ers and brokers. The Post Office had lingered long in the Exchange or in Jayne's towering edi- fice, in Dock street; the telegraph offices had cen- tralized at or near Third and Chestnut ; business had concentrated in that vicinity, and it was deem- ed imprudent and incon- venient, if not absolutely dangerous, to attempt to publish an important newspaper in any other locality, but many import- ant journals have already followed the westward tending tide. The bank- ers and brokers still lin- ger in and near Third street. There, Jay Cooke, not content with negoti- ating loans amounting to thousands of millions of dollars for the National Government, in the hour of its trial, conducts an immense business in the national securities, and lays the foundation of the greatest railway enterprise that has ever been at- tempted. Drexel & Co., too, famous not only for the magnitude of their transactions, but for their careful attention to the minor business wants of industrious artisans, maintain the well-known reputation of their iouse; and a host of other financial establishments, some of which transact an enormous amount of business, unfurl their sails on the great stream of fortune. In Chestnut, near Third, PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. the Bank of North America, one of the three oldest financial institutions in the United States, and which has weathered all the storms of an eventful century, rears its neat and unpretending head, as sound and as solvent as at any former period of its history. But a few stops further west is the First National Bank, a large and imposing edifice, in which are garnered the treasures accumulated by the first Philadelphia experiment under the new National Banking System. A short distance lurthcr west, the Fidelity Insurance and Trust Co., a comparatively new institution, has erected a handsome new marble building, in the interior of which the art of " safe bind, safe find" is reduced by sturdy watchmen, good management, and modern mechanism to a science. In an age when it is not merely unsafe to keep money in a private residence, but when the possession of bonds, valuable papers, and silver plate acts as a standing invitation to burglary, and when the safe-keeping of such hoards of wealth involves a degree of anxiety for which the pleasures of possession afford but a poor equivalent, this institution worthily serves a very important public purpose. Nearly opposite is one of the offices of Adams Express Com- pany, a modern marvel, which has grown from humble beginnings to be one of the most import- ant, useful, and profitable of business enterprises. But we were talking of Third street and the newspapers, and we must not suffijr even the bankers, the telegraph operators, or the expressmen to divert us longer from the magnates who are credited on the one hand with directing public opinion, and reproached on the other by the accusation that they merely follow it, but who at any rate photograph the events of the day, catch the manners living as they rise, lash the public now into a fever of agitation, now into a whirlwind of indignation, and at once enlighten, entertain and (luicken the life of the public. Several of the Sunday newspapers still cling to the old precincts. The Dispatch deals out its historic lore, its sharp invective, its pungent satire, and its broad columns of news, local and general, near Third and Chestnut. The Merctiry, close at hand, continues to look after the interests of the Democ- racy, to stir up the politicians, and to print its unique style of religious intel- ligence, while the Times, not far ofi', continues its Fox-chase, nijtwithstand- , ing the removal of the Transcript to Seventh and Chestnut, and the flight of the Republic, which is an ably-edited Sunday organ of the Republican party, to Chestnut and Fourth. IVEN INC TELEGRAPH TUIRU btLOW C ii £ 6 r.VLT. PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. Nearly opposite the Exchange, the staid old North American, in whose archives much of the best newspaper talent ever displayed in Philadelphia is embalmed, affords a striking contrast in its dignity and decorum to the levity of youthful associates; and its publisher, McMichaei, repre- $ents one of the last types of the golden but departing age when the prominent official and publisher could be happily embodied in the same individual. Near Chestnut, iu Third, is the PUILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. office of the Evening Telegraph, which is the most successful of modern attempts, in this city, to achieve the difficult task of renderiug a double-sheet newspaper financially successful. The Telegraph, by keeping its readers fully posted in the news, through facilities peculiar to itself in afternoon journalism, by the independence of its editorials,, by the special feature of reproducing regularly the leading articles of important newspapers in other sections of the country, and by vigorous business management, has gained a solid footing among its contemporaries, and a strong hold upon the public. At the historic newspaper-corner, Third and Chestnut, where the old Ledger so long held sway, the sou of its former proprietor, Mr. Swain, is making a determined effort to revive in the Public Record a typographical likeness of the Ledger of a past era, and he prints at the old price of one penny, a great deal more news and an iufiuitely less number of advertisements than the ftxmous firm of Swain, Abell & Siumious. Around the corner, the Philadelphia Inquirer illustrates, under the management of W. W. Harding, the established success of another descendant of a Nestor of Philadelphia journalism, and the modern Inquirer differs as widely in shape and contents from its namesake as the tastes and demands of the living present differ from those of the dead past. At Sixth and Chestnut, the veritable old Puhlic Ledger, enlarged and improved, and possessing the vitality, popularity and solidity that age com- bined with adaptation to present requirements alone can give, is enthroned in one of the finest and largest newspaper establishments in the world. Through its columns ever pours an unend- ing flood of the small advertisements which rehearse the supplies and demands in a thousand channels, and which also distinguish the journal that has gained the most enduring hold upon the great mass of the public. Under the management of George W. Childs, the Ledger, at a critical moment in its fortunes, suddenly became, at one bound, a source of immense profit to its propri- etor, and at the same time a greater favorite than ever with its innumerable patrons. The Day, on the opposite corner, is one of the comparatively new daily newspapers of the city, but as it has outlived the precarious stage of infancy, there is every prospect that it will become, under its experienced leading proprietor, a permanent institution. The Bulletin, on Chestnut west of Sixth, is the oldest of the evening newspapers of Philadelphia, and it has enjoyed a long career of deserved prosperity. Nearly opposite, the German Democrat office, constructed under the liberal and artistic guidance of its enterprising leading proprietor, Dr. Morwitz, is one of the architectural ornaments of that vicinity, while his tact and shrewdness have enabled him to find in the field of German journalism, sources of profit never dreamed of by his predecessors. Seventh street has recently become a new centre for newspaperdom. On the corner of Chestnut, Colonel Forney has his handsome and commodious building, which his great experi- ence in j(jurnalism has made a model of convenience. As the Kepublicans of the city find a chosen organ in the Press, so the Democracy find theirs in the Age, which is close at hand. Here, also, is the Evening Star, one of the most successful " penny" papers of the city, its com- panions in the same field being the Evening IleraU and the Bee. On Seventh street, also, in the same building as the Star, is the piquant Post. Youngest among the brotherhood of even- ing papers, although long known among the most indefatigable of the craft, is the Item, bril- liantly conducted by Fitzgerald and his bright band of boys. Among the recent journalistic triumphs, is the singularly rapid success of Saturday Night, while an old, well-known, standard weekly is the Saturday Evening Post. Several religious papers are also issued weekly, and there are a number of juvenile periodicals belonging to different denominations. Among the periodi- cals, the Lady's Book is famous as a fashion magazine, and under the admirable conduct of Mr. Godey, it has enjoyed an unprecedented success for more than forty years. Somewhat sinnlar in character is Peterson's Magazine and The Lady's Friend. T. S. Arthur also sustains his enviable reputation by the admirable moral tone of his various publications— the Home Maga- 10 PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. zinCf Children's Hour and Workingman. The Transatlantic, which contains the cream of cur- rent periodical literature of England, is also published in this citj, and it is deservedly popular. Returning from our jaunt among the journals to our point of departure at Fourth street, we find large buildings lining both sides of Chestnut street, ahd exhibiting well the varied interests and manufactures of the city, until the uniformity is broken by the Custom House, standing back, pallid and severe in its Doric simplicity, as if it were in very deed the ghost of the United States Bank, that once lived and died within its portals. On one hand is the handsome hall of CHESTNUT AND SEVENTH. the Post Office, and to complete the group rises upon the opposite side of the street the elegant structure of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, and the majestic building of the Philadelphia Bank whose spacious corridors and lofty aisles are "a romance wrought in stone." Turn but a step to the left, mount an old-fashioned marble doorway, glance upward for a mo- ment to the face of Franklin, and you are in an instant wrapt from the glare and haste that makes the life of bank and broker into a scholastic calm in the studious stillness of the Phila- delphia Library. Within these quiet walls is traced, step by step, the history and the literature PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. 11 of our country, from its first annals to its last annual ; liere arc volumes that were read by William Penu, pages aunoted by the hand that wrote the Star Spangled Banner— the rarest relics of our earliest day, as well as the abundant stores of recent years. Here, too, is garnered antiquarian lore reaching far beyond the narrow limits of our national history ; here we can scan the very page im- printed by the skillful tin- sers of Faust and Schoef- fer, and still farther back we can trace with wonder the missals upon which religion and learning de- voted years of loving labor six centuries ago. Emerging from be- neath this quiet doorway, and following the gaze of the steady eyes of Frank- lin, we, too, behold the old State House, replete with crowding memories, while across the greenery and through the fine old trees of Independence Square gleams Washing- ton Square, surrounded by houses that recall mul- titudes of historic names, and where the graceful hall of the Atheneum, with its hoards of historic treasures, owes its founda- tion to the wisdom and public spirit of Franklin. The State House is a plain brick edifice of anti- quated appearance, which the public good taste has left unaltered save by erecting a statue of Wash- ington in front of the principal entrance. The main building is sur- mounted by a spire con- taining the city clock and bell, and beneath, on the first floor, is Independence Hall, preserved with scrupulous care as the scene of the ratification or passage of the Declaration of Indepen- dence, which gave birth to this great republic. Hero many relics of the Revolution are stored, and the wainscoted walls are decorated with a fine collection of national portraits. | 12 PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. Girding the State House, and marking its environs, handsome antiquated doorways that onop opened .nto the abodes of fashion, now exhibit most unobtrusive signLrds TodlsX n Zd frii^nVLTirr^^^ The Bench andBar oO>hiladeIphia justly claim an eminence in the professional history of the -a. ^-._ . . United States equalin rel- ative rank to that of its ac- knowledged medical and surgical supremacy. The worthiest name among our jurists before the Revo- lution is accorded to An- drew Hamilton, distin- guished by his successful defence of the liberty of the Press, in the Provin- ces, long before the ju- diciary of the mother country had made the smallest progress in liber- alizing the law of libel. The date of his memo- rable achievement was 1735. Of his contempo- raries, John Kinsey may be ranged as next in rank to Hamilton. The latest, ablest and best patrons of the Pro- vincial Bar matured their fame after 1776, and therefore may be better credited to the Courts of the Commonwealth. Jas. Wilson, afterward of the United States bench, was even more a statesman than a lawyer. In the convention of the State which adopted the Fed- eral Constitution, he fell only behind Alexander Hamilton, of New York, shal nf ViVn-f^To • -L' -1 \ "'^ ^ ''"" ^"^^ Madison and Mar- % becIZ h ' 1 " r^T7 °' *" ™™'°^ ™'' "f ""^ ^™'"'-. -" *i«, perhaps, most distmgu,shed of h,s oontemporaries-„f those who commenced their careers under King PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. 13 George and matured their fame after the Revolution, which they all ably contributed to achieve, ■were McKean, Chew, Reed, William Bradford, Jared Ingersoll, A. J. Lewis, Rawle, Tilghman, 'A. J. Dallas, Levy, and Ifopkinson. In these great names we have the Fathers of the Philadel- phia Bar, in the highest estate to which it has yet attained. The first following generation of their successors was w'orthy of them. We can give but their names, an elegant extract from the Court roll of honor during the first forty years of this century. The foremost of these names are Charles Chauncey, John and Thomas Sergeant, Richard Rush, Charles W. Hare, George M. Dallas, Bloomfield Mcllvaine, Benjamin Tilghman, John D. "Wallace, Jonathan K. Condy, Thomas Wharton, Joseph R. Ingersoll. The great fame of this brilliant company is still upheld by Horace Binney, who but recently contributed to the history of the country his valuable treatise upon the formation of Washington's Fare- well Address; William M. Meredith, who yet maintains his great legal reputation against all disputants ; and David Paul Brown, whose eloquence is still the city's boast. These and their predecessors gave to Philadelphia that reputation which has become proverbial. Of the many that have in more recent years sustained the fome of the city, our space is insuficient even for a mere list, adorned by such names as Sharswood and Stroud, King and Kane, Mallery and McCall, Campbell and Cuyler, Biddle and Brewster, Petit and Perkins. As if to contrast the diversified interests of the city most strikingly, but a stone's throw from the court-rooms and the lawyers' offices, mounts upward, as one of the most imposing objects in sight, the vast proportions of Oak Hall, the wondrous warehouse of Wanamaker. The growth of Oak Hall has been so rapid that the enterprise ranks among the most wonderful business achieve- ments of the day. It was started only ten years ago by two young men, with a capital of only $3,500. They occupied but three stories of a dilapidated old building. From the outset, these young men, widely known as Wanamaker and Brown, were remarkably successful, first attract- ing general attention by judicious advertising, and then securing each customer permanently by fair dealing, and selling a quality of ready-made clothing never before manufactured by any house in Philadelphia. " Low Prices " was their watchword from the beginning, and the enormous amount of their sales enabled them to undersell smaller houses. But their success was chiefly owing to the superior quality of their clothing. Every year marked some advance and every year added some improvement to the establishment, until the three stories rented for Sl,500 a year have grown into the present colossal buildings valued at $250,000, and owned by the surviving proprietor, Mr. Wanamaker, the other member of i\\Q firm having died some years since. The Oak Hall buildings are themselves an index of the business done within. The site they occupy is undoubtedly the best in the city for their particular line of business, and the buildings cover nearly half an acre of ground. On Market street they have a frontage covering that of four or five ordinary stores, and on Sixth street they extend along the whole block bounded by Minor street. They are six stories high and very striking in their appear- ance, having a massive iron front with two arched doorways. The establishment is divided into seven departments, and each department has its " Head," with many subordinates, numbering in all at least twelve hundred hands. The majority of these are of course employed in manu- facturing stock outside the house; but the corps of salesmen, clerks, cutters, etc., at work on the premises number two hundred and sixty-five. Everything runs like clockwork, of which the mainspring is Mr. Wanamaker, who, though a man but thirty-two or thirty-three years of age, is the sole proprietor and conductor of the enormous establishment. Oak Hall is indeed a bazaar, for it contains almost everything pertaining to men's wear. It has a Custom Depart- ment rivaling the very best merchant-tailors of the city, and doing a large business in the best grade of clothing made to order. It has also its general Ready-made Department, with thousands 14 PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. MARKET AND SIXTH STREETS. of garments piled mountain high j a Boys' Department, and a Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods Department — each and all super-excellent in their way, and all working smoothly in perfect unison under the skillful direction of the energetic proprietor. The handsome buildings of the retail merchants now crowd either side of Chestnut street, bewildering the eye with the sudden transitions and kaleidescopic changes from silk to station- ery, from silver to china, from books to broadcloth, till looms up the splendid facade of Masonic Hall, where the figure of Silence, with her finger pressed upon her lips, points the way past the mystic entrance to the rooms beyond, in which the ever-recurring emblematic three impresses the most unimaginative of beholders. And handsome as is this temple of Masonry, it sinks beneath the splendor of the superb structure being erected by the Order to add another adorn- ment to our beautiful Broad street. From point to point along our way we have already passed names intertwined inextricably with our national literature. Philadelphia long ago established her fiime for critical taste, and supported it by the labors of a brilliant band of publishers as remarkable for their literary ability as for their industry and skill. Boston boasts boldly of her brains, but it is to Philadelphia that the country owes many of the best publications, both as to matter and manner, continued PIIILADLLPIIIA ILL USTRA TED. 15 for many years, by men of practical sense as well as admirable culture ; and tbis noble work is well sustained to-day by many wortliy successors of the great publishers of former years. The house of Marticn h;us long been well known for its religious public:'-tions, such as Scott's Commentary; the works of L)rs. Ilodge, Juukin, Lurrowes, Alexander, and many ether standard theological works. Porter & Coatcs have a veritable temple to the muses in their elegant build- ing, erected without regard to expense, ;:ud of the best materials. It is entirely fire-proof, the only wood-work about the building being the walnut stairway lead- ing to the gallery, and the floor of the art gallery and second-story room. The front exterior of this finished work of art is elaborately-sculptured white marble of the most chaste and finished design. It is three stories in height, the first story supported by four carved columns sur- mounted by sculptured urns, above which rises a cornice supported by matsive carved brackets; on this cornice is the coat of arms of Pennsylvania in b;;ld relief, with elegant vases of flowers at each end. The second story is adorned with four richly-fluted and carved columns, above which rises the third story, sur- mounted by a massive carved bracketed cornice of a very rich and elegant pattern. It is considered by many the most beau- tiful, as it is probably the most expensive, front in the city. The interior, as now arranged, con- stitutes a most magnificent and artistic bookstore — one which is um-ivalod in this country for beauty and style of finish, and which in the opinion of gentlemen of t;iste who have seen the fijust bookstores in Europe, is not Cijualid r.nywhere La the world- The decorations alone cost over thirty thousand dollars. Tlic first floor is twenty-five f?ct wide, with a lof^y ceiling rising to the height of fifly feet ■with a noble gallery running around three sides of the room at a height of twenty-five feet. The side walls are divided into twelve compartments by as many pillars, which support the same numb.T of mnsi-ive brackets elaborately carved and decorate d, with twelve smaller brackets be- tween. Theao uphold the gallery and art salesroom in tlic second story. The c;>iling of the gallery is elaborately decorated in fresco in panels, while tho walls of the book sa-esroom are aio.j amply embellished with the human figure eurrounded by floriated ornament. Tho ceiling 2 CHESTNUT ABOVE EIGHTH. 16 PIIILADELPIIIA ILL US TEA TED. under the art gallery, as well as that of the main ceiling of the building, is one of the most exquisite works of art in fresco in this city. The exceeding care and finish with which the whole work is executed is only equaled by the exquisite taste displayed in the harmony of color and lovely blending of the various tints, picked in with gold. The first floor is 1G5 feet in depth, entirely tcsselatcd with black and white marble. The retail department extends back 112 feet to the noble stairway to the gallery, and is fitted up in the most expensive style with solid walnut shelving relieved by chestnut mouldings and backgrounds. In addition to their publishing and wholesale and retail book departments, there is a beautiful gallery for the dis- play of paintings, engravings, chromos^ etc. From large skylights in the roof there is poured down a flood of light which is softened by the admirable gray tone of the walls and judiciously-arranged curtains. The gallery is reached by a fine broad stairway, with heavy balustrades and rail- ings of solid walnut, with Tvide steps and easy rise, and lit by a softened light, through a southern window of superb stained glass, incased in a rich paneled frame, supported by airy columns of Sca- gliola marble. Two short flights of steps on either side lead to two sides of the ample galleries, ending in a spacious show-room, the walls of which, as well as of the galleries, are covered with a most attractive and tempting display of choice works of art. The house of Claxton, Remsen & Hafl'elfinger unites in a most happy man- ner the culture and prudence of the older generation of publishers with the dash and vigor of the new. In their spacious and splendid rooms immense numbers of books, both fin'eign and American, are stored and their own publications are very extensive and varied, embracing the great poets, the standard histories, and a very large and attractive array of what is dis- tinctively styled "juvenile literature." Their religious publications arealso exten- sive, including every variety, from the ponderous encyclopaedias to exquisite editions of the many smaller works in this vast department, with numerous styles of the Bible and Book of Common Prayer. Their agricultural and scientific collections are comprehensive and valuable, making their list of publications remarkable in all departments of literature. Close to the great thoroughfare, but sheltered in the quieter regions of Sansom street, and ^=M^^M B^ REMSEN >&HAFPELE'INGERi Toothers BOOKSEU-ERS&STATIONERSn MARKET ABOVE EIGHTH. PUILA DELPniA ILL US TEA TED. 17 18 PniLADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. yet in near proximity to the goodly company of printers and publishers, is the large building of the Johnson Type Foundry. This establishment, under its present name of MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan, is the lineal descendent of the famous firm of Bianey & Kolandson, established iu 1796; and it is the worthy representative in our day of the talent and industry that made the early firm famous as the first real improvers in typefounding since the art was formed by the dexterous fingers of Peter Schoefi-er. Through all the successive years since its foundation, sequent generations of remarkably skilled mechanicians have devoted themselves in this estab- lishment to perfecting every mechanical means for producing type of constantly improving quality and appearance; and the wide-spread fame of Philadelphia for fine printing is owing ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS, CHESTNUT AND TENTH. in a great degree to the artistic perfection reached by this house, whose beautiful specimen books rank as works of art rather than as business addresses. Intimately connected with the varied industries that combine to adorn the triumplis of modern typography is the art of chromo-lithography, most successfully practiced in this city for many years. Among the oldest houses attached to this specialty of modern art is that of Duval, (now Duval & Hunter), which, keeping abreast of all the recent improvements both in Europi and America, produce to-day, as they did formerly, pictures rivaling in excellence those of tha most successful artists at home or abroad. PniLADELPHlA ILLUSTRATED. 1!) Chestnut street, at Ninth, is adorned with the magnificent Continental Hotel and its older confrere, the Girard. Consistent in her love and appreciation of all good things, Philadelphia likes a good dinner, and exhibits her fondness in the most tangible shape by establishing and supporting such houses as the spacious Girard, the superb Continental, with the cj^uiet comfort of the La Pierre and the newer magnificence of the Colonnade. Of the gay stream of prouienaders that throng Chestnut street at this point, many, especially of the fresh young beauties of whom Philadelphia is so justly proud, are bending their steps to Tenth street, where the delightful reading-rooms of the Mercantile Library woo the public into its pleasant scene of restful quiet. Thoroughly republican is this institution, with its books open to every comer without let or hindrance, and a public blessing will it prove to the commu- nity to which it displays its stores with such bountiful grace. Proudly may the city boaht of the variety of similar foundations — the Philadelphia Library with its choice stores freely exhibited to the public, under the guidance of an erudite and skilled librarian, who fills his hereditary office with a rare grace and capacity that makes his own trained intellect a catalogue raisonnh to the thousands of volumes under his charge. The Apprentices' Library is also free, and especially adapted to the service of the young of both sexes. The Atheneum, the Historical Society, the Franklin Institute, the Academy of Fine Arts, the Horticultural Society and several of the colleges and hospitals possess libraries remark- ably full and excellent in their special departments, and that of the Academy of Natural Science abounds in the rarest treasures of scientific research, and especially in the magnificently illus- trated works, where the savan and the artist rival each other in displaying the mysteries and wonders of the universe. On Chestnut above Tenth is the ground held for many years by the Academy of Fine Arts, now so sadly missed. This institution, like many others in Philadelphia, is at the present moment in a transitionary ^-tage, suffering under a temporary eclipse but preparing for renewed glory in the future. Philadelphia as the intellectual metropolis of the nation early fostered the fine arts; even its Quakers were not exempt from their influence, and West, the first artist of note, was found in the membership of their quiet fraternity. Among the many artists of whom the city can boast, the venerable Sully still links the present to the past — a pupil of Benjamin West, it is but a few years since he placed upon canvas the last of that long pageant of lovely faces of which he has found so many among the women of Philadelphia. The artists of the city have been as varied in their style as excellent in their execution, and many young men are now giving promise of a future cvtn greater than the past. Of those whose talents have already achieved success and wide-spread fame we have Hamilton, whose genius bids the ocean waves roll upon his canvas with all the poetry, and power and grandeur of nature; and Rothermel, a Ponnsylvanian artist paints the great battle-field of Penns^lvanian history, creating an era in art by boldly producing the very scene itself. Freeing himself from the conventional rules which group a general surrounded by his aides as chief or only object of the picture, he has grasped with firm hand the stern reality of the scene and presented the veritable conflict of human passion, and for the honor of his native state chooses that very moment when upon her soil rebellion was crushed and patriotism triumphant. Among the handsome retail establishments that take possession of this portion of Chestnut street the fine and extensive building of IMrs. Binder's emporium of fashion challenges admira- tion, and well illustrates one of the now departments of industry recently opened to women. The magnificent edifice of Mr. S. S. White proves an astonishingly rapid success in a com- paratircly new industrial department — the supjily of materials used Id dentistry. The city has 20 PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. long held undisputed supremacy in dental surgery, both in scientific knowledge and mechanical dexterity; and the reputation has made it the scat of Dental Colleges which attract students from all parts of the world — the graduates of the highest Medical Universities of Europe coming to the United States, and chiefly to Philadelphia, to finish their dental education. That the new science has already reached a wonderful development, is manifest by the fact that one of the finest buildings of its kind in the world, is devoted to the manufacture and sale of materials expressly adapted to its needs; and Philadelphia has the honor of leading the world not only in the science of dentistry, but in the manufactures to supply its demands. WHITE'S DEXTAL PEPOT, S. E. CORKER CHESTKUT AND TWELFTH. PniLADELPniA ILLUSTRATED. 21 The classic proportious of the United States Miot next attract the eje, while the delicate tuanipuktions aud exquisite niachiuery required ia cuiuiug, uiukc the interior a gallery of air. The coins of all countries and all ages collected here arc also well worth au attentive examinatiun. Contrasting with the severe exterior of the Mint is its opposite neighbor the Artists' Fund, luxuriant in color and adornment. In this build- ing a number of artists have fixed their studios, and it contains a fine gallery for public exhi- bitions. We have now reached Broad street, entitled by its position to the equally un-euphonic title of Four- teenth street. Beyond j. this barrier a few new ^ and handsome stores have I; c been recently erected ^ upon the principal streets ^ — but the whole space b between this fine avenue ^ and the Schuylkill is 5, ^l generally covered with ' handsome private resi- dences, and the fine mod- ern church edifices. Ptittenhouse Square, one of the four corner parks of the original city, is tl)e site of such speci.il g magnificence that it is 2 invidious to select for uiention either white marble mansion or brown stone palace; but perhaps most imposing is the splendid residence of Jo- seph Harrison, with its bmad entrance and spa- cious garden, leading di- rectly back to that bijou block upon Locust street with the beautiful Church of St. Mark's cot in such a fine frame work of handsome dwellings. But we must return to Broad Street as the most direct route fur examining the various beauties and peculiarities of the city. This splendid thoroughfare is not only attractive as con- 22 PniLADELPniA ILLUSTRATED. tuning the handsomest dwellings and public buildings iu the city, but also as being the favorite drive leading to the trotting ground of Poiut Breeze io the south, and to the magnificent Fair- luouut Park in the north. Turning southward from Chestnut upon Broad Street we first pass the handsome fa§ade of the La Pierre House, and reach the plaiu building iu which the vast stores of the Academy of the Natural Sciences are heaped to overflowing, awaiting a fuller display luoce fitting to its splendid collections, iu an ampler space — for this institution, like many others in Philadelphia, ia preparing to shufSc off its tiuse-wora clothing in order to assume new and grander iit without and gorgeous within, it is the finest church iu the United States, and finds a beautiful setting in the lovely verdure of Logan S(]uare. The I'resbyterians have, beside their recent architectural triumphs upon Broad Street, remarkably handsome buildings in the edifices styled the " West Spruce" and the - West Arch."' The '• Alexander" Church is very elegant, and the Calvary remarkably rich in its style of ex- ternal finish. The German Tleformed Church at Green and Sixteenth should also be mentioned as remarka- bly handsome, and the new Congregational edifice near it, promises to rival the many splendid buildings that are fast transforming the locality of the old Bush Hill into a city of churches. Of north Broad street, what can be said but that it is an avenue upon which every house is a palace! The beauty and wealth of this splendid thor- oughflire seems to cumulate near and above Girard avenue, where the rich brown-stone and the gleaming marble rival each other in one continuous range of mag- nificence, with lovely gardens to give to each the one last touch of softening grace, and that sense of extreme luxury where the priceless borders of a popular street are devoted to such grace- ful and costly decorations. Much too rapid has been our survey, doing but scanty justice to the theme, and even passing over many points of interest, beauty and splendor; but our chosen route has in some re- spects been the best that could CHAPEL OF CALVARY PRESBYTERIAN CIIURCIL within Compact limits display Locust above Fifiecnih. ,,,^^^^^ ^^f ^j^^ ^,,^^^.,,;,;^^ ^y ,,^3 City. North Broad street is a synonym to the Pluladelphian for wealth and luxury; upon it are some of our handsomest private residences, as well as our public, religious and educational buildings and institutions, but along its course is not only displayed the fortunes of Philadelphia , but how those fortunes are made. Just where the street best exhibits its width at its junction with the broad avenue of Spring Garden, where handsome buildings surround a beautiful spot of greenery, there is an area of 240,000 square feet upon which the clatter and rattle of eighteenliundred busy men, of massive forge-hammers, steam-riveting machines, roaring fires, the whir and hum of hundreds of machines and of tools innumerable, blended in the harmony of productive labor, give forth strains of industrial music, the like of which, in variety and volume, is not elsewhere lound upon this continent— for here stand the Baldwin Locomotive Works. Upon this spot, upon the margin of this beautiful boulevard in this populous haunt of laborious artisans, eight- PHIL A DELPHI A ILL US TRA TED. een hundred men make a locomotive engine in a day — ^boiler, cylinders, I'rame, driving-wheels, truck, stack, cab, pilot, and tender complete — the speed of forty miles an hour and the power of a thousand tons created in a day ! Here is a type of the industry of Philadelphia — of the wealth of Pennsyl- vania — ^for hero coal and ore and lumber, worth, when it is first touched by the hand of man, but a few thousand dollars, is turned to such uses, is so iiishioned by human strength and human intellect, is so cast, forged, turned, finished and polished that it stands finally on the books of " the works" at an aggregate value of nearly three and a half millions of dollars, and in its various stages of transformation and progress from the ore and coal in the earth, or the forest on the mountain-side, has given employment to six thou- sand men and supported a population of thirty thousand souls. Such is one of Philadelphia's workshops — and the white wings of steam arising from the Baldwin locomotive floats in the air of many a clime; it is borne over Crcrman cities, and Canadian fields ; afar in the great West it floats, over the treeless prairie, and it circles upward through the huge, tropical forests of Peru and Brazil. Intelligent industry in this age thus labors to conquer the resistance of the material world for the good of man ; the instruments for the ac(juirement of future wealth are here welded, while across the broad avenue the lofty and spacious edifice of the High School mounts, as if to confront the present with the future, and to point the moral that surges through the air from every blow of the hammer; as if the very sounds of the laborious present were cauerht and echoed back \W by the future generation that shall carry on the work thus prepared for its hands. Broad street epitomi- zes the life of the city in its fast horses and its fashion, in its learning and its labor ; and as if to complete the circuit, the beautiful gateway of Monument Cemetery opens from the very side- walk into the city of the dead. Many and various are our cemeteries — from the fjuiet grave-yard of the Friends with the modest stone limited by special order, to old Laurel Hill, crowded with graceful urn and towering shaft. Woodlands possesses a oxFoiii) rnKsovTLRiAS CHURCH, broad a.\d oxford. 26 Pin LA DEL Pin A IL L US TEA TED. FIFTH- BAPTIST CHURCH, Eighteenth and Spring Garden, quiet grace that wins the heart to its still coverts, and the lovely stream of Mount Moriah has a spe- cial charm ; while many another beautiful nook or lovely hillside has been found in our beautiful suburbs as resting-places for the city dead. These lovely spots, chosen wiih judgment and adorned with taste, are another honor to our city; for many of them belong to those beneficiary and benevolent societies formed by laborers and artisans, who thus assure themselves sup- port in illness and suitable interment when their day's work. at last is done. One of the most imposing edifices in the northern part of the city is Girard College. This magnificent institution was founded by Stephen Girard, who, hav- ing won enormous wealth in Philadelphia, most nobly returned her good gifts by leaving numerous bequests intended for the public good. The College is designed for the support and gratuitous instruction of destitute orphan boys, and for its erection and maintenance Gi- rard devised certain funds, creating the City of Phila- adelphia trustee. The edifice is remarkably elegant, the design being that of a Corinthian temple. The institution was placed in complete working order at an outlay of about two million dollars. The College stands upon an elevation, which makes it visible for a considerable distance, and it is situated in grounds forty-one acres in extent. Another extraordinary and valuable educational institution is " The Wagner Free Institute of Science." This remarkable beneficence is the work of the one man whose name it bears and who, trained in his youth by Stephen Girard, has more wisely devoted his wealth under his own administration, and during his own lifetime to his grand educational project. During extensive and long continued travels in Europe, Asia, Africa and America, Professor Wagner had made immense collections of minerals, shells, plants and organic remains. Having classified and arran"-ed these specimens in a building erected for that purpose on his own premises, he threw them open to the public and delivered, by invitation, for several years, courses of lectures in the various departments of natural history. The large audiences attracted by these lectures, indicated the success that might be expected to attend an institution permanently organized on a broader basis. The collections already' mentioned and a scientific library of more than eleven thousand volumes already accumulated by Professor Wagner were sufficient to constitute an endowment for a university of the highest class, and in company with other scientific men, Professor Wagner completed the plan of a popular institution, on an original basis, and it was incorporated by the State Legislature in 1854. The City of Philadelphia recognizing the importance of the movement gracefully placed the public rooms of the Spring Garden Hall at his disposal, and the Institute remained there for four years, twelve lectures every week being delivered on scientific subjects during the term, which lasted from the 1st of October to the middle of June. To render his work absolutely complete, Pro^.- - '•■ Wagner built a college edifice, and endowing it with his collections and instrumGL.'..j ii.,.1 .„.lous lots and houses, established his College to be a free Institute of Science PniLA DELPHI A ILL I'STRA TED. forever. For seven months of the year, six free scientific lectures arc delivered every week, Professor Wagner assuming the chair of geology and paleontology, assisted by a corps of five other professors, who lecture upon chemistry, anatomy, physiology, botany, natural philosophy and elocution. The oldest literary college of Philadelphia is the University of Pennsylvania. It was first established as a t^iuiple acad- emy, about tli'e year 1744, and was subsequently ex- tended into a college; it embraces a law school, a regular collegiate depart- ment and a scientific Course; the famous medi- cal school bclouging to tlis institution is the oldest medical college in the Uni- ted States, and will be do- scribed more fully when our rambling route carries us among the noble fra- ternity of its compeers, which have been so long and still continue to be one of the crowning glories of our city. The Franklin Institute, also, has a scientific course, but does not confer de- grees; it was incorporated in 1824 for the promotion and encouragement of man- ufactures and the mechanio arts, and the annual exhi- bitions under its direction ^vere for many years one of the great "sights "of the city, attracting in)mcnsc throngs of interested spec- tutors to examine all the new inventions and im- jirovemcnts in modern manufactures. The Polytechnic Col- lege has erected a very handsome and spacious ed- ifice upon ]*enn S<|uare. It is a private institution, organized on the plan of the Industrial Ciilleges of France and Germany, and has achieved a brilliant and well-merited success. 28 PniLADELPniA ILLUSTRATED. The society of Friends maintain numerous schools of all grades, which in the higher depart- ments devote much attention to mathematical and scientific studies. The new and handsome college at Swarthmore is claimed by them as belonging to Philadelphia. The Board of Education of the Presbyterian Church occupies a very stately and handsome building opposite the Mint, and the Baptists have a similar institution upon Arch street. The CENTRAL JIIGII SCHOOL, BROAD AND GREEN. Ilcbrew Education Society also claims preeminence for its Hebrew School, in which the language is taught according to both the Portuguese and German methods. The Pennsylvania Institution for the instruction of the Blind is a noble charity, where the pupils receive an excellent scholastic training, and are instructed in remunerative trades. The PniLADELPniA ILLUSTRATED. 20 musical department id always remarkable for its excellence, and a trifling fee is required for admission to the weekly concerts of vocal and instrumental music — the fund derived i'roui this source being appropriated to furnish outfits for graduates on leaving the Institution. A Home of Industry completes this admirable establishment, supplying a retreat in which scholars who are homeless can find a safe abode and where their earnings are secured to them. The Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb, already mentioned, has been largely endowed by the Pennsylvania Legislature, and the States of Maryland, New Jersey and Delaware, have made provision for the education iuthis Institution of the nativedeaf-mutes of their respective States. The Philadelphia Training School for Feeble-minded CliilJrca is one of the many noble Institutions that mark the humanltaiiaa efi'orts of the city; fine buildings with ample grounds have been erected ibr this establishment in the healthful and elevated locality of Media. The Public Schools of the city are excellently arranged, and so distributed as to give ready access to the entire population. The text-books are furnished gratuitously, and the pupils sub- jected to no expense, even in the graduation at the High Schools. The High School for boys, sustained by the city as the crowning feature of its free-school system, has a thorough course of collegiate training, and confers the honor of degrees. The similar academy for girls is intended as a normal or teachers' school, and is very complete in all its departments. iVUhough the public schools.are so excellent and so ample, private schools abound, from the newly-established kindcr-gartens for infancy, to the mercantile colleges and "language" schools for boys, and the many "finishing" schools for young ladies; the latter having a wide reputa- tion, which attracts many pupils from the South and West. The art schools are also numerous. The Academy of Fine Arts has been very serviceable to the public for many years in this respect. Its classes have been open to both sexes, and have been very useful, especially the evening lessons and courses, which have afi"orded means of in- struction to many who could only devote their leisure hours to the study of art. The School of Design, entirely devoted to the education of women, is a commodious and well-arranged building, where a thorough study of the preliminary branches is most ably and indcfatigably conducted by Mr. Braidwood and several earnest female collaborators, with the wise intention of grounding the' pupils in the principles of art, and accustoming them to severe training in all the manual requirements of the profession, so that on their entrance into the higher departments they can be confident of assured success. The school of Professor Van der Wielen includes pupils of both sexes, and is interesting to the unlearned observer as exhib- iting how the portrait-painter and historic artist are educated in the preliminary stages of their art. The city also contains a number of strictly theological schools. Among these may be men- tioned the Seminary of the lleforuiod Presbyterian Church; the Philadelphia Divinity School; the Academy of the Episcopalian Church ; St. Mark's Episcopal Academy, and the Catholic institutions of St. Joseph's College, and the very handsome edifice of St. Charles Borromco. Last to be mentioned, but foremost in fame, arc the medical schools of Philadelphia. Those renowned institutions had their origin in a course of lectures delivered in the year 1702 by Dr. Shippen — his subjects Anatomy and Obstetrics. In 17S5 he was joined by Dr. Morgan, on the Institutes and Practice of JMedicine. In ITOS Dr. Kuhn added ]^)tany, the next year Dr. Hush added Chemistry, and Dr. ]>ond Clinical Medicine. The faculty thus gradually consti- tuted formed the first medical school formally organized in America. Within fifty years after its foundation this school and its offshoots held the first rank in eminence, and their successurs have not only maintained preeminence in the United States, but have generally been accorded a fair equality with the highest medical schools of Europe. 30 PIIILADELPUIA ILL USTRA TED. The names of the great builders of this fame need only to be rehearsed— th/ir respective merits are well understood and universally known. They are Ru.h, Physick, Burton, Jackson Chapman, James, Wistar, Dewees, Dorsey, McClellan, Gibson, Dunglison, Horner, Eberle' Kevere, Patterson, Smith, Meigs, and others. John D. Godman and Samuel George Morton must be added to the roll of fame, with the distinctive claim that, besides medicine proper, the former was distinguished as a naturalist, and the latter won for himself the highest rank among the ethnologists of world-wide reputation. It would be invidious to select from the active practitioners and teachers who constitute the faculty of the present day, such names as might best illustrate the profession of this city. It is enough to say that they still maintain fur Philadelphia the high rank of " the American Me- tropolis of Medical Education." In 182-i, the Jefferson Medical College was established, and at a later period, the Pennsyl- vania College. These together, regularly attract about one thousand pupils, and turn out nearly four hundred graduates every year. This large proportion of graduates, being the result of the wide-spread reputation of Philadelphia Diplomas, which brings the students of distant colleges to this city to finish the studies commenced elsewhere. Homoeopathy, al^ has an established college in successful operation, its professors being the leading men of the nation in that school of medicine. A regular Allopathic College for women is now firmly established and recognized as one of the schools of the city— it is liberally endowed and attracts students from all p.^rts of the country. There are several other colleges, including a College of Pharmacy, and two devoted especially to Dentistry. The Hospitals of the city became famous, at an early day, for their excellent management and liberal endowments. Of these, the most ancient is the " Pennsylvania Hospital, "^which occupies an entire square near the centre of the old part of the citv, and is surrounded by grand old trees that wave their " leafy tide of greenery," as if to send their calming freshness throu-h the abodes of pain within. ° The Hospital for the Insane, connected with this institution, has been established in an ele- gant edifice in West Philadelphia. Here ample space, fine trees and lovely flowers, with pleasant occupation, are made to mingle as the instruments of cure and all genial and gentle influences of nature and of science are used to minister to recovery. The Episcopal Hospital ranks next to Girard College, as the handsomest range of buildino^ in the city. It is a rich and splendid specimen of the x\orman Gothic style of architecture and has accommodations for two hundred patients, who are admitted without reference to their nation- ality, creed or color. _ St. Joseph's Hospital, under the charge of the " Sisters of Charity," also admits all persons without distinction of race or religion. " Christ Church Hospital," near the limits of the Park IS one of the handsomest edifices in Philadelphia, and has been magnificently endowed by privat J liberality. Of the numerous other hospitals, two are intended exclusively for youn- children and for suffering women. Of these, the Preston Retreat, for indigent married women" is a most excellently managed establishment. ^ The productive industry of Philadelphia is exhibited in such a multiplicity of directions that It would be a herculean task even to enumerate the specialties, and it is far beyond both our powers and the limits of those pages to even present a mere list; yet there are some to which the attention of the visitor should be attracted. The handsome and impressive Horticultural Hall is but the ultimate expression of the admirable farming that has made the Philadelphia market so remarkable for the excellent quality of the supplies. Particular attention has been paid for many years to the culture of fruit, and many new and fine varieties, especially of pears, have originated PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. 31 in tho vicinity; to the small fruits also much atteution has been paid. Garden seeds have furnished a remunerative branch of business; clover and other field seeds are sent in large quantities to the Southern and "Western States, to New England and to Great Eritian and the British Provinces. Many famous florists have been long established in the city, and their rooms for exhibition and sale are a charming feature of our streets, while their gardens and plantation:^ beautify the suburbs with fields of flowers. A large number of the wealthier citizens have also paid much attention to the culture of rare plants, and some have made themselves public bene- factors by so disposing their greenhouses, that the floral treasures are visible from the public streets. The handsome greenhouse of jMr. Baldwin, is perhaps the best known of these choice spots where the public is so gracefully invited to partake of the benefits of private luxury, for the tiers of lovely plants seem ready to burst through their glassy enclosure, and bloom upon the very sidewalk of tho thronged thoroughfare of Chestnut street. Philadelphia ranks next to Lynn iu the extent of the mauufactm-e of boots and shoes, and claims excellence in quality, on account of the superiority of the leather made in the city, and also on account of the fine workmanship, much of the labor being performed by German and French first-class journeymen. The Brass work of various descriptions is also excellent — such as the castings used for loco- motives, engines, cars, ships and machinery generally, and the city is especially famous for lamps and chandeliers. In beer, ale and porter, Philadelphia claims great superiority in quality. Oddly alliterative the city is preeminent for boots, brass, beer and bricks; — the bricks and terra-eotta ware being remarkably excellent and furnishing a large field of industry. Carriages are an important branch, especially the more elegant kinds, combining strength with lightness, and the city is perhaps more universally known for its superiority in this specialty than in any other species of manufacture, for the luxury, lightness and perfection of finish has attracted much attention from travelers, and brought in considerable custom from foreign countries. As one of the material results of the preeminence of the city in medical science, its phar- maceutists are especially learned and skillful, and the manufacturing chemists have won a widely extended reputation. All supplies necessary to the physician and apothecary also tend to centre in the metropolis of medical science, and various manufactures have thus been fostered, from the delicate scientific labors of the surgical and optical instrument makers through all the various grades of drugs and chemicals, and as another result from the same cause, the invention and manufacture of patent medicines has been extensive and remarkably successful. The first cotton mills were established at Ilolmesburg and Manayunk, and the first woolen mill at Conshohocken, and these localities are still famous in these special lines. Great success has been attained in the manufacture of heavy checks, ginghams, ticking, muslin, and in the printing and coloring of cotton goods. A superior " finish " has been reached in textile fabrics like that attained in the manufactures of colored papers of every grade as well as in the more literary avocation of the printer — all these industries requiring the combination of manual dexterity and artistic taste. The carriage-makers have in turn fostered a home supply of trimmings, and this business has assisted and introduced the cognate semi-artistic manufacture of "regalia," for which there was for many years'a great demand by the Odd Fellows, Sons of Temperance, and many other societies. But it is indeed a hopeless task to direct the stranger through the bewildering maze of manufactures. Perhaps no other metropolis in the world can equal Philadelphia for the varieties of its products. It is alike famous for its architecture and apple-parers, for axes and 3 22 PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. artificial limbs. It boasts of bandages and bricks, books and boilers, beer and barometers. It IS celebrated for carriages and confectionery, for cables and cradles, cutlery and coffins It delights in Its doctors, dentists and distillers. Famous are its foundries, furniture and fertilizers; hats and hardware, hydrants and hosiery; glass and glue; iron and ice-cream; jewelry and jack-screws; marble and medicine; leather, locomotives, lamps and lawyers; nails, and notions ; organs and ordnance; porcelain, pianos, pictures, poudrette, paper and pills; railways and roofing; ships, sheets, soap, safes, spokes and spectacles; tables, teeth and type; upholstery and umbrellas; violins and ventilators; wigs, wagons, wool and wirework; yarn and yachts Such alliteration may be trite, but it is true, and such a list is but the alphabet of the manufacturers of our metropolis of industry. The beautiful private gardens and the grounds of the professional florists have been mentioned as a proof of the popular taste for the beauties of nature, but these are only another expression of the sentiment which has provided the city with an unusual number of parks More squares within her limits proper are given up to public uses, and these are more memorable tor their historic associations, than in any other city in the United States. Owing to a series of coincidences, Philadelphia is identified with the history of landscape- gardening and park culture in this country. The first botanical garden in America was laid out and planted near the city by John Bartram, one of our pioneer botanists. The finest landscape gardening, in the early part of the present century, was at Woodlands, a beautiful property beyond the Schuylkill, now converted into one of our loveliest cemeteries, and it still shows the artistic taste which selected the site of the buildings and opened admirable vistas to the river scenery. The country house of Judge Peters, now embraced in Fairmount Park, was fifty years ago the best representative of the geometric or old English style, and as a further instance of the prevalent taste, the first American work on landscape-gardening was published in Philadelphia. Independence and Washington Squares are historic parks, for in the former the Declaration of Independence was first promulgated to the public, and in the latter many of the soldiers of the Revolution were buried. These squares are still remarkable for their fine trees. Franklin Logan and R.ttenhouse squares, which with Washington, form the corners of a lar^e quad- rangle, are all beautifully shaded and possess a fine turf Several other smaller parks, adorn various portions of the city, but the glory of all is found in Fairmount. This Park has been described as a vast triangle lying with the base toward the city, which it enters at an intrusive angle by the old Waterworks. These Waterworks were once the pride of the city; a<.ain and again were they pictured for their remarkable beauty, and a monument was raised in Lnor of the architect; they were and are still beautiful, yet they have been so far overshadowed by the magnificence of the Park that they are now regarded but as the gateway to the beautiful ex- panse beyond What a few years ago was only the rude, unkempt border of Fairmount, a mere common of dank grass and osiers has been transformed into a lovely drive, ornamented with WilHckon '''''' '""^ '' "''"^ '' '^' '''^ '"*''"'' '' *''' ^°"S '"^ lovely route to the The Park may be said to lie on the northwest of the city, and also within it, for the streets are already reaching out on both sides of it, and the buildings are crowding against its bounda- ne . From the old Waterworks the Park extends along both sides of the Schuylkill to a short distance beyond its junction with the Wissahickon, and then leaving the rive,, follows the course of the latter stream for about six miles, including both banks and the strel itself If the very irregular outline is considered as a rude triangle, the Schuylkill River will form about half of the hypo henuse, for near the middle of the Park the river bends into it, and divides it into two unequal parts, the larger portion being on the western side. The boundaries of the PUILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. ii.ffl^iiiifliiri' ^J«wm^1M^l!ll Park include nearly three tliousaad acres. It is, tlierofore, tlie fourtli park in extent in the world, being only exceeded by the Prater of Vienna and the forests of Windsor and Epping, in England. One of the chief charms of Fairmount is the di- versified scenery; it ex- hibits every phase of the picturesque, f r o m the well-kept lawns and high- ly cultured gardeus,where exotic plants and the rar- est flowers have been cul- tivated for generations, to the roughly tilled fields of the careless farmer aud the simple beauty of the native forest. The sur- face is remarkably uneven and undulating, furnish- ing a constant succession of graceful contours, ris- ing at the three corners into the eminences of the Waterworks, Chamouni and George's Hill, from each of which widely ex- tended landscanes are vis- ible. Utility and beauty are curiously mingled- in this srreat work. When it was commenced in the early years of the century, "Faire Mount" was in- tended merely as a reser- voir to furnish the city with water, and the Park, now furnishing miles of " pleasaunces," for the publiCjis also in plain mat- ter of fact, but the means by which Philadelphia supplies herself with pure water by preventing the Schuylkill from being contaminated by factories, was adorned until it became a public pleasure garden, and the modern extension furnishes tho most accessible and finest city park of the world. Enter in'' Fairmount at the Waterworks the first spot of historic interest is the fine mansion The old Waterworks ^^ PBILADELPEIA ILLUSTRATED. of Lemon Hill, widely known in the infancy of the Bepnblio when as " the Hills " it was the beautrful residence of Kobcrt Morris, the faancie. The great men of the time we^ let ee,ved wuh lavish hosp.tahty, and the trees and shrubbery still show the tast« exhibited in the decoration of hrs grounds Just beyond, and forming a continuation of this portion of the Park .s the qnamt and pretty plantation of Sedgely, also a residence of Kobert Morris The tiny quaint old house has been somewhat modified, but the original abruptness of the hiilside adds a varied charm to the scene, and the traces of old, domestic, rural lif: in the tiny cave nea the fhe IST/ ""1"T r^r""""'"'""^'' ^°^ ™ "■» floe greensward decorated by the old shrubbery, under which gathered the wits and beauties of our young Republic onr modern misses play croquet On the bank at this point is one of the finest vieL of the river especially at sunset, when the Schuylkill seems a crinkHug webb of crimson, while the sheej of evening rests upon the banks of verdure, and the beautiful lines of the bridges catch the gor- geous dyes and add still another charm to the picture. Above Sedgely the drive is directed across the river to the western side, and on the bank below the terminatiou of the bridge is "Solitude," a low, odd, square building, resembling a fl l:ZT(T. C ",1"' I^evolutionary war by John Penn, the po'^ieal grandson 01 the founder of the Commoawealth, and is specially valued as a sort of public mystery it hav- ing secret passages connecting attic and cellar, from which tunnels lead, on one hand to the river, and on the other toward the bilk Indians were out of fashion when the house was built and the poet probably intended these secret passages as a retreat from the primitive "iuti- Viewers " of his generation. ^ mitne miei the IrTl ""l Tu'^'t °^ *' '■''''™"' ''"''Se the drive enter, the Landsdowne road, passing the pret y Egglesfield, a charming property which has passed through the hands of severd pos- sessors the most recent being Secretary Borie. The beautiful drive takes its name from the 7'Zf::m7r\rl "'^^^r^ *- •"-^-- -'ate. The origmal build ug wa erected in 17/0 for John Penn, the last Colonial Governor; at the close of the Revolution it was purchased by Mr. Bingham, and subsequently was the residence of Joseph Bonaparte The mansion was very spacious and well adapted to the reception of large numbers of guests • the win ing walks and drives were very effectively arranged through finely kept lawnsTnd gJo eui V J tT ^'T^-T" "' ^'^''adelphia still nourish pleasant memorL of merry dances enjoyed in these splendid apartments when Landsdowne had fallen from its royal state and last kingly proprietor to become the resort of the popular picnic parties, which held it in undis- wo^sofn F 7f f/f""^'^*"'"'"'"'^'"'"""™'"" -"» ™>-tj piece of patriotic fire- works on a Fourth of July, commemorated the occasion by destroying this memorial of Colonial governorship and experimental royalty. i^oivoiomal One of the most popular points in the Park is the fine eminence of George's Hill This public drive; and rn grateful recognition of the gift a flag inscribed with the names of the donors float, above the spot, from which is scan the noblest view of Philadelphia. An ell „ summer-house has been erected on the plateau that crowns the summit, and here amid deli»htfu beuTarhisftet "' "'"" ""' °''°"'' '°"™ *= "^=°'^"™' P™=P-' *»' -<■»"= The drive leads from the summer-house at George's Hill through a wild tract, givingaview of he elegant structure of the Christ Church Hospital, to Belmont, which was the residence of Judge Peters, whose hospitality gathered into his mansion the distinguished men of his day A chestnut tree planted by General Washington stood here till recently, and some ancient hemlocks still survive; and the words "good-bye," written with a diamond upon one of the PHILADELPHIA ILLUSTRATED. 35 r windows, carries our fancies back to the day when some grateful guest tlius marked a farewell to the hospitable home of the genial host. Under the bank of Belmont is that most prosaic little cottage which Tom Moore eulogized in verse, as the abode where he " Winged the hours, "Where Schuylkill winds its way through banks of flowers ;" and not far off, as if to complete the circle of historic recollections, is the house once owned by Benedict Arnold. On the east side of the river the beautiful cemetery of Laurel Hill attracts many visitors, not only by its beauty, but by the long roll of its honored dead. In contrast with the sad memories of Laurel Hill comes immediately above it the Falls of Schuylkill, with its convivial fame. Here, in a log cabin, in the earlier years of the eight- eenth century, met the jolly brotherhood of " Fort St. David," to eat, drink, and be merry. There was hunt- ing in the forest and fish in the river, and cunning hands to catch and cook it; and the brotherhood proved very valiant trenchermen. Politics and patriotism, however, put fingers in their pie, and the Hessians carried off the doors of their primitive saloon and rendered the lodge untenable. When the stormy days of the Revolution had passed and peace returned, some of the surviving members of " St. David's " returned occa- sionally to the neighborhood of their old haunt for fish and fun, and a banquet was given here in honor of Lafayette. Of late years the " Falls " has been a favorite resort under the pleasant plea of "catfish and coffee," for driving and boating parties from Philadelphia. Beautiful as is that portion of the Park already described, it is with the Wissahickon that its highest loveliness begins— here is the scene for an artist ! The stream threads its way between high Mils bending and turning in ceaseless curves, sometimes like a brook babbling over the pebbles, again flashing in a cascade from rock to rock, and again widening into a dark turn or lake, that 'Repeats every beautiful outline of hill, or rugged rock in its mirror-like surface. Many purling rivulets and silvery springs steal down the hillside to be gathered at suitable places into the pretty fountains with the noble inscription that also adorns the drinking fountains in our city streets—" For the public good ; in perpetual gift." The lovely drive follows the wandering way of the Wissahickon for miles, and finds a fitting termination in the beautiful regions of Chestnut Hill, where the wealth of Philadelphia is so finely displayed in the grandeur of its private residences. Public works are proverbially tasteless, but wo can proudly point to our Park in all its ^^ t^j ENTRANCE TO LAUREL HILL CEMETERY. 36 PHILADELPHIA ILL USTRA TED. simple loveliness. Nature has been very kind to us ; a beautiful river winds placidly between verdant banks, but meddlesome mankind is so inimical to nature that we may justly boast of having done nothing to mar the native graces of the scene. The ground rises and falls throughout the whole extent in such ceaseless undulations, that the old prosaic name of Fair- Mount is literally true to every part of the vast area, and a perfect sense of appropriateness has not destroyed the charm — there is not a trace of that half-educated taste that is always tawdry; not a nook or corner recalls the fine arts of the fancy-fair with its patchwork and pincushions. The thickets offer glimpses of wilderness as wild as a mountain fastness, while the softness of the native verdure draws the eye to follow the abrupt decline of the steep hillside, or to climb with Mad- ness from branch to branch of the ancient trees. The bridges of Philadelphia deserve special mention. What has been styled the Permanent Bridge over the Schuylkill at Market street is as well built as it is ugly, and strongly endures the buffet- iugs of time, the tremen- dous strain of travel as a chief* thoroughflire of com- munication with the west- ern trade, and the heavy burden of the artistic con- demnation of the public. The remarkable grace and lightness of the wire Sus- pension Bridge at the Wa- terworks, offers a brilliant contrast to its more ancient comrade. The splendid new structure at Chestnut street is one of the most substantial and elegant bridges in the United States, and an excellent taste has removed from it many of the characteristics of a bridge, and made it conform in appear- ance with its real office — that of linking the two portions of the street, dissevered by the river. Below Chestnut street here, are two fine bridges, at Grray's Ferry and South street, used by the Baltimore and by the Pennsylvania Central Ptailroads. At Girard avenue a bridge forms the connecting link between the eastern and western portions of the Park, and as it condenses into one cavalcade all the equipages from the various roads, it presents on a pleasant afternoon a rare exhibition of the beauty and wealth of Philadelphia, in the loveliness of the ladies, the splendor of the carriages and the elegance of the horses. At the same point, the river is also crossed by the handsome bridge of the New York and Washington Railroad ; and half a mile further up the stream is that belonging to the Reading Railroad, which has also constructed an elegant stone bridge above Laurel Hill for the accommodation of the coal trade of the northern portion of the city. All these structures span the Schuylkill, the Delaware as yet being crossed only by ferry boats — ^what the future may bring forth by way of tunnels or bridges can be but a matter of conjecture, yet in beholding the wonderful architectural triumphs already achieved it is probable that Camden and Philadelphia will yet be joined by a more intimate band of union. '^ryitlyjlcl MARKET STREET BRIDGE. The Presbyterian, ESTABLISHED IN 1831. A WEEKLY RELIGIOUS AND FAMILY JOURNAL, Devoted to the Interests of the Presbyterian Church. «5-A 330TJBLK SHEET OF EIG-HT I>^C3-ES.-aa Rev. M. B. GRIER, D.D., Rev. E. E. ADAMS, D.D., Editors. 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The Young Folks' News, A POPULAR ILLUSTRATED JUVEjYILE PAPER, Containing Original Stories, Sketches, Poetry, Wit and Humor. A piircnt who wishes to awairn in the mind of a beloved child, fi/ty-tioo times n year, a grateful thought, akin to a blessing, can do nothing better than present fiini with One Yea'r^'s Subscription to THE YOUNG FOLKS' NEWS. ^WEEKLY-Sl.OO PER, ANNXJlVi:, ALFRED MARTIEN, Publisher, 1214 Chestnut St., Philad'a. Clergymen, Superintendents, Teachers, Committees and others, on application, will receive gratis A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF SABBATH-SCHOOL BOKS, Containing a List of New and Select Books, comprising over Twenty-Two Hi;NDi. "There is no hook accessible to the English or American reader which can furnish so compre- hensive and symmetrical a view of German literature to the uninitiated ; and those already conver- sant with some of the Crcrman classics will hiid here valuable and edifying extracts from works to which very few in this country can rsoiia1 inlorniation ciinceriiing thorn which Iip lias coUecti'il in tho mo- moirs |.r(ti.\pil Id their wrltinns. These are written in a nianuor credilablo to the resourcb, ability, anil kiodness of the author." — yViUiam CuUf.n liryant. . " in ."^onic reHpois it iH an fxtraonlinary work, gucli ns fi-w inon in Anioiici, perhaps, l)psiilc» its antlior. coiiM have proiliiced ninl lit> only al'ler yi-ars of himIuIuuh iave8tl);ation, and umU-r many advantages of circiiinBtanco or accidi-nt.'' — Horace liinnty Willncf^ in I.itrrary t'nticisms. "The Hi-lectlono appear to me to I)p made with discrimlnalion. and the crilioismB show a sound taste and u correct appreciation of the <|iialitie!i of the writers, as well in I can juil^e." — Wtlli'im II. I'rescott, the Historian. The present edition has been thoroughly revised, every pad of their decease, and loii<; and critical articles on the authors of the present day have been added, m;iUin<; tlio work comiilete in eveiy respect to the jnesent time. It shoidd occupy a ])romineiit jdace in the lihiary of every cultivated Ameriean. \\ ilh Prof. lledj,re"s '• Prose "Writers of Germany," Prof. Lon^ifellow's " Poets of Enroi»e," and this volume, the purchaser will obtain a most excellent survey of the literature of America and Ihuope, a condensed library in three portable volumes. For sale by the Publishers, and sent by mail, postage paid, upon receipt of price. THE "STANDARD" and "GLOBS" EDITIONS of tho WAVERLEY NOVELS, THE BEST AND CUEArKST I'OK THE I'KICE rUIJI^ISIIED. {See l*age 15 of Text.) F. A. HOYT & BRO., GE nVEilLDE TO ORDER, BOYS CLOTHING A. SPECIA-LTY. Ladies' Sacques i Riding Habits JVCiLDE FROM IVCBASUEE. Chestnut, Corner of Tenth Street, ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS. {SEE PAGE 18 OF TEXT.) CLAXTON, Eemsen & Haffellinger, PUBLISHERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND IMPORTERS, Market Street above Eighth, PHILADELPHIA. SEE J'AGE 10 or TEXT.) THE AMERICAN SUNDAY-SCHOOL UNION. 11Q3 Cliestmit St. Philadelphia, IS CONSTANTLY ADDING TO ITS LARGE AND ATTRACTIVE STOCK, SOME OF THE MOST INTERESTING AND INSTRUCTIVE VOLUMES FOR SCHOOL AND FAMILY USE, THAT JTAVE EVER BEEN PUBLISHED. An Assortment of BIBLES, as well as of DEVOTIONAL BOOKS, is also kept on Hand. PRICE CATALOGUES FURNISHED GRATUITOUSLY. 1334 Chest II tit Street, PJiiladelphia, By the union of the lists of the late ])onrd of Publication and Presbyterian Publication Com- mittee the lioard is able to offer a BICJI ANT> VAniBD LIST OF JPUBLICATIOWS, COMPRISING BOOKS FOR THE CONGEEGATIONAL AND SABBATH SCHOOL LIBRARY, FOR THE MINISTER'S STUBY ASl) THE FAMILY. ALSO J'f^acts, ^abbath School Requisites, Church jSlanks, MARRIAGE CERTiyiCATES, &C., &C., The first number of the Transatlantic was issued in January, 1870, and its career since that time has been one of uninterrupted success, it having now attained a circulation which is excelled by but few Mag- azines in the United States. Each number will be handsomely illustrated, and will contain one hundred and twelve imperial pages of carefully selected matter. In intrinsic interest it will fully equal any publication ever ofl"ered to the American public, and it is now the largest and cheapest Magazine in the country. P PINIONS OF THE PrESS. TnE Tran-satlantic Mac.azine.— This periodical is made up of choice selections from the current literature of the Old World. The tasteand judgment which are displayed in making selections that will interest American readers are apparent to all who take the magazine in hand. However well American writers have succeeded in other departments of literature, it is concetled that the English are far in advance of us as good story-tellers. Since Hawthorne, we have Imrdly had a first-class writer of short stones suited for magazines and newspapers, if we except the able contributor to the Overland M^uthly. This is to ho regretteil, the more from the fact that it is just the kind of literature that is l)est suited to the wants of our people. Wo are too busy as a rule to read novels, but have fragments of time in which we can read the beautiful short tales and sketches that are the leading features ot the British Magazines." — Prairie Farmer (Chicago). the •'The articles are judiciously selected, and it is eh-gantly printed on fine white paper."— P«Mic Lnlfter (Phila.). A little less pedantic than 'Every Saturday,' a little less given to long ponderous Quarterly .articles than the 'Living Age,' iransatlantic has an equally keen scent for a smart bright paper wherever found, and a better taculty of e.xcluding scholarly dullness and pvos.m^ss.'"— livening Bulhtin (Phila.). "It is pne of the best eclectic publications in the country. We heartily wish it success."— Me Press (Phila.). It deserves, and will receive, the patronage of the Y>nh\\c"— Evening Telegraph (Phila.). YEARLY SI BSCBIPTIOJV. - $4.00. \ SINGLE NUMBERS, - SH cfs. The Transatlantic with Harper, Lippineott, The Galaxy, Appleton's Journal, or any other Pour Dollar Magazine, - - $6 Per Annum. The Transatlantic with Godey's Lady's Book, or Scribner's Monthly, - . _ . _ $5 Per Annum. SPBCT3IEN NUMBEBS, 20 CBWTS. Ad^lress, L. II. HAMEKSLY & CO., Publishers of tho TRANSATLANTIC, Philadelphia. DR. SCHEXCR advises Consumptives to go to Florida in Winter. diseased lungs to ^e^ltUy .oundnc.^ The hr and nu>^t i^PorUn p ^^P ^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ the best of all places on 'h>«'-->nt.nen for tins f" I'^^^^ "J „"7;^r, „„,thern latitudes; Palatka i. a point I can temperature YTYC.U tr^^^^^^^ P*^'^""^ there ^hose lungs had ,iiende.l to consumptives in w.ntei. My uasons '^ ' ''^•y;"« ' ' ' ^ ' that where a consumptive person exposes than where there is a ess even t-^;;"-'"-' ^j ' ',« TheXe Cy advice is^ go well down into the State, out of himself to frequen colds, he ,s certain t die ^''"^J>;^^.|,,';''' J^^^^^ othe; of the localities I have named, will !^:;^t t :^'X^l^Tr:S:dt;:a'\I;^ui lii:r^r:i\;;;^;^l^^^ach.^erange^^owels, sore throat or cough, but for those whose lungs are diseaseci a ...e --^-^o.nt . -n-.tly^-^.mme^d^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ wee^wl^lTTsPa^njU^^^^ rrt7k!;^"c:S '^t;c;s;r^:y tTk:t:^;ul\ftieTor" Schenck-s pulmonic Sjrup. Seaweed Tonic, and Mandrake ^'"^in'^.^dVnlirlv^v^S'^" -infi;?fnS:e Pills, f.r the climate is more likely to produce bilious habit. In Honda, nearly cveiyoouy is u . v.. , . f^et that natives of Florida rarely die of consumption, espe- than more northern latitudes. It ,s a T;":^^^;'^^^^^^ one-third, at least, of the population die of with mv directions they wUl do the work that is required. This accomplished, nature wil do the rest. The phy- slcSn who prescribes for cold, cough or night-sweats, and then advises the patie... io walk .r nde oulevery day, and annoy, an'l the i)atient gets well, provided he avoids taking cold. ^, . , _,, .. . „ „„.„., ;, ;^ ^^here are iLny £^;X'X;:''u '^"^"^SvlJ: r:":!! i^". e^ has IJ^^J^^ ^^a^^ ^;;:om '^;::^\u:^^:r:':'l a \:::^.:^:^ ab^U l^vS^del^ces, whi;.h sho„ld be kept regmany at ^^^J^J^ moans of a .■rmomctcr. Let such a patient take bis exercise within the limits of the room by wa king up and "w^afmu as hs .strength will permit, in order to keep up_ a healthy circulation of «he b ood. have cured th«l., A'«. J.> ^V. Sixth Street, Fhilada. :f I ia--A. IT o I -A. la, NEA^^ 7-30 GOIL.r) LOA.lSr OP THE NOETHEKN PACIFIC EAILEOAD COMPANY. Secured by FIRST MOETGAGE on Railroad and Land Grant. SAFE! PROriT ABlTE! PERMANENT! We offer for sale at par and accrued interest the First Mortgage Land Grant Gold Bonds of tUe Northern Pacific Half road Compani/. They are free from United Slates Taut;, and are issued of the following denominations : Coupons, $100. $500, and $1,000; Registered, $100, $500, $1,000, $5,000, and $10,000. With the same entire confidence with which we commended Government bonds to Capitalists and People, we now after the fullest investigation, recommend these Northern Pacific Railroad bonds to our friends and the general public. Profitableness. — Of course nothing can be safer than the bonds of the United States, but as the Government is no longer a borrower, and as the Nation's present work is not that of preserving its existence, but that of devel- oping A CONTINENT, We remind those who desire to increase their income and obtain a more permanent investment, wJule still having a perfectly reliable security, that: Bonds Exchangeable.— The registered bonds can be exchanged at any time for coupons, the coupons for registered, and both these can be exchanged for others, payable, principal and interest, at any of the principal financial centres of Europe, in the coin of the various European countries. Gold Payment. — Both principal and interest are payable in American gold coin, at the office of .Jay Cooke & Co., New York City — the principal at the end of thirty years, and the interest (at the rate of seven and three-tenths per cent., per annum) half-yearly, first of January .and July. Perfect Safetv. — The bonds we are now selling are secured by a first and only mortgage on all the property and rights of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, which will embrace on the completion of the work : 1. Over Two Thousand Miles of Road, with rolling stock, buildings, and all other equipments. 2. Over Twenty-two Thousand Acres of Land to every mile of finished road. This land, agricultural, timbered and mineral, amounting in all to more than Fifty Million Acres, consists of alternate sections, reaching twenty to forty miles on each side of the track, and extending in a broad fertile belt from Wisconsin through the richest por- tions of Minnesota, Dakota, Montana, Idaho, Oregon and Washington, to Puget Sound. While the Government does not directly guarantee the bonds of the Road, it thus amply provides for their full and tirompt payment, by an unreserved grantof land, the most valuable ever conferred upon a great national improvement. The Mortgage. — The Trustees under the Mortgage are Messrs. Jay Cooke of Philadelphia, and J. Edgar Thompson, President of the Pennsylvania Central Railroad Company. They will directly and permanently repre- sent the interests of the First Mortgage bond holders, and are required to see that the proceeds of land sales are used in jmrchaxing and canceling the bonds of the Company, if they can be bought before maturity at not more than 10 per cent, premium ; otherwise the Trustees are to invest the proceeds of land sales in United States Bonds or Real Estate Mortgages for the further security of Northern Pacific bondholders. Also, that they have at all times in their control, as security, at least 500 acres of average land to every .$l,OuO of outstanding First Mortgage Bonds, beside the Railroad itself .ind all its equipments and franchises. United States 5-20's, at their average premium, yield the present purchaser less than 5 J per cent., gold interest. Should they be redeemed in five years, and specie payments be resumed, they would really pay only 4^ per cent., or if in three years, only .SJ per cent., as the present premium would meanwhile be sunk. Northern Pacific 7-30's, selling at par, in currency, yield the investor 7 3-10 percent., gold interest, absolutely for thirty yeans, free from United States Tax. .$1,100, currency, invested now in United States .5-20's will yield, per year, in gold, say $62.00. .$1,100, currency, invested now in Northern Pacific T-BO's will yield, per year, in gold, $80.30. Here is a difierence in annual income of nearly' one-third, beside a difference of 7 to 10 per cent, in principal, when both classes of bonds are redeemed. The Road Nt>w Building. — Work was begun in July last on the eastern portion of the line, and the money provided, by the sale to stockholders of some si.t millions of the Company's bonds, to build and equip the road from Lake Superior across Minnesota to the Red River of the North — 233 miles. The grading on this diwsion is now well advanced, the iron is being rapidly laid ; several thousand men are at work on the line, and about the first of August next this important section pf the road will be in full operation. In the mean time orders have been sent to the Pacifi[c coast for the commencement of the work on the western end in early Spring, and thereafter the work will be pushed, both eastward and westward, with as much speed as may t.e consistent with solidity and a wise economy. Receivable for Lands. — These bonds will be at all times receivable at 1.10, in payment for the Company's lands, at their lowest cash price. How to Get Them. — Your nearest Bank or Banker will supply these bonds in any desired amount, and of any needed denomination. Persons wishing to exchange stocks or other bonds for these, can do so with any of our agents, who will allow the highest current price for all marketable securities. Those living iu localities remote from banks, may send money, or other bonds, directly to us by express, anil we will send back Northern Pacific bonds at our own risk, and without cost to the investor. For further informa- tion, pamphlets, maps, etc., call on or address the undersigned, or any of the Banks or Bankers employed to sell this loan. For S.ile by JAY COOKE & CO., Fiscal Agents Northern Pacific Mailroad Company., 114 South Third Street, Philadelphia; Corner of Nassau and Wall Streets, Neio York; 452 Fifteenth Street, Washington, D. C, by National Banks, and by Brokers generalhj throughout the country. >^ ''^ ^Ov; 5. '^^t?* o'^ V -^0 • ■ > ■•