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 5 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. I 
 
 {UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 
 
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 Entered, according to Act of Congress, In the year 1868, by 
 
 C . C . D A W S O X , 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 
 Southern District of New York. 
 
SARATOGA: 
 
 MINERAL WATERS 
 
 \Mi 7JIJ IE T - 
 
 J'RHKMIM, nil i:i:\Jlll\l!M, DISEASE 
 
 *M» 
 
 AS A REFRESHING BEVERAGE 
 
 B"Y C- O. DAWSON. 
 
 IISTE^T ^TOiRK.. 
 
 
I 7 
 
^r MAP 
 
 of die village 
 ^SARATOGA SIW.S 
 
 ^5x2^^ V 1 I — ^^ \ 
 
 I- 
 
 
 
 
 X 
 
 t;iKC>M.AH 
 
 > \ 
 
 
 V 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The writer of llic following pages has endeav- 
 ored to give a faithful and comprehensive — though 
 necessarily brief — account of Saratoga, and its re- 
 markable medicinal springs. 
 
 In regard to the character and history of these 
 springs, there is manifested an increasing interest 
 in every quarter of the world ; and as a descrip- 
 tion of their medicinal properties is a matter of 
 the utmost consequence, the writer has consulted 
 the standard authorities upon the subject, and has 
 not hesitated to make use of the exact language 
 of medical men who have published the results of 
 their experience in prescribing and using the 
 waters. 
 
 Although vast numbers annually visit the 
 springs, it is evident that only a small proportion 
 
PBH7AI 
 of those wrho might 1" i to health by the 
 
 Of these natural nu D thus avail them- 
 
 of their benefits "Th Lonable and 
 
 the rich," writes an eminent divine, " who fill 
 these splendid salooi not alone the people 
 
 whom the benefice] life- 
 
 giving fountains ; but who 
 
 occupy the sick chambers in .ill i arts of thn 
 who have ix ■'• 
 relieved and comforted b^ 
 
 I 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 Tni ad minenJ waters on the 
 
 American continent arc tho» 6 k, N. Y. 
 
 A tract of country many miles in extent is hen- 
 found abounding in mineral sprit atly di- 
 
 versified as to their chemical combinations, 
 widely varying In reaped to their importance as 
 medicinal agents. The springs occur in a valley 
 
 which runs nearly north and smith through the 
 elevated table lands of this i i nd in the 
 
 midf ftery Of ■ varied and pktur< ;ar- 
 
 acter. Mountain i. hose bold outli] 
 
 seen In the distant >und ; rii the 
 
 finest in the world; rivulets and • 
 numbers and of exquisite beauty; dense fon 
 still undisturbed by the woodman's a\e ; lakes 
 surpassing liveliness; the peculiar charm of culti- 
 vated fields and rural villages, — all contribute to 
 render this portion of the state highly attractive 
 to the professional tourist, as well as to the ordi- 
 nary seeker after health and pleasure. 
 
 The county of Saratoga lies between those 
 
 streams so "famed in BOng and story," the Hud- 
 son river on the north and east, and the Mohawk 
 
 on the south. To the north-west its Burma 
 
 mountainous, suggesting the region of mountain- 
 wilderness which lies beyond; bu :iOS8 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 gives way, as, in its central and southerly portions, 
 it slopes toward the fruitful valley of the Mo- 
 hawk, and displays a finely cultivated district. 
 The soil is generally fertile. Iron-ore, sandstone, 
 and limestone are abundant. The atmosphere is 
 dry, pure, and highly electric, and its invigorating 
 effects are peculiarly grateful to persons having 
 weak or diseased lungs, and to all who are suffer- 
 ing in any way from the influences of a miasmatic 
 climate, or the damp, chilling winds common to 
 the sea-coast. 
 
 The village of Saratoga Springs is situated near 
 the center of the county, thirty-eight miles "by 
 railroad north of Albany, and thirty-two miles 
 north of Troy. It has a delightful location, three 
 hundred feet above tide-water, in the vicinity of 
 those mountain ranges which form the water-shed 
 between the St. Lawrence and Lake Cliamplain. 
 The Kayaderosseras, two thousand feet above the 
 sea level, is only ten or twelve miles to the north- 
 west, while within view, at the east and south, are 
 the high ranges of the Green Mountains and the 
 Catskills. 
 
 Although many watering-places which have ac- 
 quired some notoriety within the last half century 
 are now fallen into disrepute, this place has main- 
 tained a steady progress, and is now one of the 
 most flourishing and attractive of our inland vil- 
 lages. It numbers, at the present time, about 
 eight thousand inhabitants. Its churches, schools, 
 

 and ! a character suited to th<- ntrrssi- 
 
 of ;l place of wealth and fashion. E 
 \>v\\ with handsomely ornamented 
 
 grounds, are numerous, and rapidly multiplying 
 with the increase of opulent citizens who estab- 
 lish country-eeata here, or, upon retiring from 
 active business, make it the place of their i>erma- 
 ni'in abode. In thi iwn is speedily 
 
 acquiring a resemblance to the most eelebral 
 European watering-places. The | the 
 
 prineipa] fountains are adorned with a great num- 
 ber of f 1 ornamental trees, and, with the 
 well paved and finely-shaded m the leading 
 thoroughfares, render a promenade ■ delightful 
 recreation. Provisions f< r the convenient and com- 
 fortable accommodation of visitors le on a 
 
 liberal Scale, Furnished houses for the seal 
 
 may be obtained by those who desire them. Pn 
 rate boarding-houses are of course numerous. The 
 
 : t'ashionahle hotels are tl. | lla'l.'' 
 
 u Union Botel," and the "Clarendon." These 
 immense structures, having accommodation lor 
 
 from live hundred to fifteen hundred persons earh ; 
 
 and for elegance, perfection of mai at, and 
 
 sumptuous fare, are unsurpassed In the country. 
 
 The Union Hotel, of which the enterprising 
 fcfee vm) are prop] n irnmei 
 
 establishment, covering, with its various buildii 
 
 c^urf yard, walks, etc., an entire block of "T > ind. 
 
CCNCRESS ST. 
 
 «= n 
 
 z - 
 
 o " 
 
 Z 4 
 
 X « 
 
 3 - 
 
 DININC 
 
 HALL 
 
 | BATH 
 
 
 v 
 

 SARATOGA SPiUNGS. 
 
 It is eminently roomy and comfortable, and as a 
 summer resort is probably unsurpassed in this 
 country. The number of its rooms — many of them 
 in suites for the accommodation of families — is 
 upward of seven hundred. The dining-room pro- 
 per, on Congress street, with wide and airy spaces 
 through the hall and between the tables, accommo- 
 dates one thousand persons ; while, with the addi- 
 tion of the north piazza, expressly designed as an 
 auxiliary, the dining-room capacity is increased to 
 fourteen hundred. Over half a mile of piazzas — 
 an indispensable feature of summer hotels — and a 
 dancing hall, 75 by 200 feet, on Washington street, 
 are among the attractions of the Union. It is 
 fitted np in excellent style, and is rendered espe- 
 cially attractive by the fine grove of elms consti- 
 tuting its court-yard — partially inclosed by its 
 various buildings — where the band of the Union 
 plays daily. Large buildings for swimming, pi unge, 
 shower, hot and cold water baths, a club house, 
 and an elegant opera house, with a capacity for 
 accommodating fifteen hundred persons, add to 
 the completeness of the establishment. The Union 
 occupies the block lying between Washington and 
 Congress streets, fronting on Broadway, with its 
 rear on Federal street. Its location, in the imme- 
 diate vicinity of the Congress Spring Park, is 
 central and delightful. Its proprietors are con- 
 nected with several of the finest hotels of the 
 country, and have acquired a wide celebrity as lib- 
 
 
,.,•:,] and successful cat Hiey justly pride 
 
 themselves upon the sumptuous and eleganl t 
 jtinguiahes their esta b li sh m* 
 
 Congress Hall, II II. Bathomi proprietor, 
 is an entirely new building, i i on tl>- - 
 
 ■■„. , i«i house of the same namr wliicl. I 
 
 ojed by fire, Maj ft fa oomple* 
 
 Lnterior arrangements, as well as In an archil 
 
 tural point of view, it is one of the fin. - 
 
 the country. It is five stories high, and lias ■ t 
 on Broadway of tour hundred and sixteen I 
 tending from Spring to Con lth two 
 
 wings of equal height, three hun ush, 
 
 extending to Putnam BtreeJ In the rear. It over- 
 looks the Congress Spring and the beautiful 
 Minis surrounding it, which are situated on the 
 opposite side of Cong] t. Ample piai 
 
 and shaded balconies afford g 1 ' 1<> 
 
 facilities tor viewing the multitudes always throng- 
 in the vicinity of these chief attractions of the 
 village. The hails throughout the bo 
 feel wide. It contains all the modern hnpn 
 ments, having immense and magnificent dining 
 halls; a correspondingly ample culinary dep 
 
 ment. With many novel and desirable featUl 
 superior accommodations for bathing; bells and 
 S in every room; water-closets on every ftoof : 
 
 and every provision practicable lor the convenience 
 
 and comfort of its guests. By means of iron 
 

I 
 
 da aged to slide in the partition walls, 
 
 — which are thickness on I 
 
 ►lint,— the l -itly 
 
 cm, 
 
 tin- advantage of which, in will 
 
 be readily appreciated. The h 
 good can- of from twelve hundred to 1 
 hundred p< proprietor was long well 
 
 and favorably known ss the i roprietor of the for- 
 mer house. 
 
 The Spring annually visited by opwmid 
 
 of seventy thousand strangers, coming 
 pari of the Union, and from Canada, Eun 
 Mexico, Booth America, and the West Ind 
 Excellenl bands of music play si the hot. 
 afternoon and evening during the heighl of 
 
 son, and a fine band also disci 
 in the elegant park of the Cong during 
 
 some hours of each day. The b 
 witli b gay and brilliant multitude, i . in 
 
 riding, driving, or walking, each enjoying to the 
 utmost a fa cinating kind of busy idleness. 
 Amusements of various kinds abound, and oond 
 much to the general lively and animated app< 
 ance of the town, while they indicate that 1 1< asure 
 and fashion are happily combined, and ni< si prop 
 orly associatod with the medical treatment 
 
 The Rensselaer and Saratoga Railroad passes 
 tarottgh the village, connecting, at Troy, with 
 the Hudson River and Harlem Rail] rom 
 
SAK\TOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 Now Fork ; at Albany, with the People's Line of 
 steamers on the Hudson River, and the Boston 
 and Albany Railroad from the east; at Schenec- 
 tady, with tne New York Central Railroad from 
 the west; and at Rutland, with the Rutland and 
 Burlington Railroad from both north and east ; 
 and at Whitehall, with the Lake Cham plain 
 steamers. Trains on the Rensselaer and Saratoga 
 Railroad run each w r ay twice a day, during the 
 winter months, and three or more times a day 
 during the summer months, connecting at above- 
 named points with trains and steamers from all 
 portions of the Northern, Eastern, and Western 
 States, and Canada. Passengers by the day boats 
 on the Hudson River have a full view of the mag- 
 nificent Highlands of the Hudson, and of the Cats- 
 kill Mountains, . and reach Saratoga the same 
 evening. Lake George, I ake Champlain, the 
 Green Mountains, the Thousand Islands, Niagara 
 Falls, Trenton Falls, Richfield, Sharon and Leb- 
 anon Springs, are all within a day's travel of 
 Saratoga. 
 
 The country about Saratoga affords a variety 
 of attractive drives, among the most popular of 
 which is a short one of only four miles to Saratoga 
 Lake. This beautiful sheet of water is visited 
 daily by large parties during the season. Hotels 
 upon its banks provide tempting dinners of fish 
 and game, and boats are at hand for such as desire 
 to enjoy a trip upon the water. 
 
LTOG \ bpki: 
 
 Bends' Heights, in the town of Stillwater, the 
 Be of the famous engagement be tw ee n Bar- 
 goyne and General and the srene of Bnr- 
 
 goyne's surrender, In Schuylerville, are within i 
 pleasant two boots' drive of the Springs. They 
 ;ir<- Imperishably associated with mom of the d 
 Important events In the early history ofoareonvtry. 
 
 Within a short distance of the Springs an 
 eral elevated points which afford eharacterii 
 views of the Bosneryof thk a All bnsj 
 
 able combinations and I detail an* lure 
 
 presented, but each position displays some i 
 
 feature of mountain scenery, m ' ith 
 
 Lakes of erystaJ purity, silv. ms, and beanti- 
 
 fui valleys, which can soi tail to la- keenly enjoj 
 by all who find a pleasnie In charming paDoramk 
 effects. Among those elevations which will Ust 
 repay tin* visit <>f the tourist aw Waring Hill, or 
 "Mount Loper" s ixt een mil nt,oa the n 
 
 to Mount Pleasant ; Stills' Hill, whieh BJ 1 
 by B drive of a few miles along the east l>as< 
 
 the Palmertown Mountain -. Chapman v Hill, which 
 breached by extending the lake drive across the 
 bridge, and along the lake shore, for a mile, tum- 
 Ing thence to the let short and sharp ascent ; 
 
 Wagmau's TTill, which lies three miles beyond the 
 
 last named, and is nearly sixty feel higher; and 
 
 Hagerty Hill, six miles from the Sp r inge, near the 
 road leading from the village to Lnse rn e , <>n the 
 Hudson River. 
 
 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 Corinth Falls, in the Hudson, are fifteen miles 
 north of Saratoga Springs, and about one mile 
 from Jessup's Landing. Baker, Glen, and Hadley 
 Falls are also among the numerous falls of the 
 Hudson. These are about eighteen miles from 
 the Springs, and, like Corinth Falls, are highly 
 interesting, and well entitled to the notice, of the 
 tourist. 
 
 Lake George, greatly renowned for its prom- 
 inent association with our early colonial and 
 revolutionary history, as well as for its remarkable 
 beauty, is- twenty-seven miles distant. The strik- 
 ing scenery of its banks y its singular transparency, 
 and the multitudes of little islands which dot its 
 surface like gems of emerald, render it probably the 
 most picturesque sheet of water in the eountry. 
 
 A view of the celebrated Cohoes Falls, on the 
 Mohawk, is afforded in passing by rail from Al- 
 bany to the Springs ; but a carriage ride to the 
 Falls, through the beautiful agricultural lands of 
 that section, will give a much more satisfactory 
 idea of the Falls and surrounding scenery. 
 
 A new avenue, which is called the " Mountain 
 Drive/' has recently been opened by the exten- 
 sion of Broadway northerly from the village. 
 When the, projected improvements are completed 
 it will be a popular thoroughfare^ 
 
 But notwithstanding its connection with the 
 War for American Independence, its salubrious 
 climate, and the scenic charms of the country, 
 
 <►- 
 
 <; 
 

 
 must alwaj h i * - f 1 y cele- 
 
 brated for its mineral fountains, and aa a reaorfl for 
 
 invalids and |»l< rs. 
 
 Mineral ratan have doubtless been need for 
 th<' cure of diseases from theenrJiesl ages. They 
 
 are among those natural remedies u hi< h a ] rimi- 
 tive people would be likely to find best acci mmo- 
 
 dated to their simple habits, and which tliey would 
 adopt with that quick instin.t, the wisdom and 
 
 beneficence of whose guidance i> so oft 
 
 firmed in more favored times by an enlightened 
 judgment and the remits of scientific res. 
 Accustomed to a nomadic life, these people would 
 
 of necessity seek the Vicinity "f fringe and Streams 
 
 of water fur their temporary retting-] and 
 
 as all spring and well waters are impregnated 
 
 more or less with mineral elements derived from 
 the toil through Which they pass, ami fairing 
 
 in different localities, they would soon discover 
 that certain waters possessed peculiar virtues. 
 Only such Waters, however, as may 1h- 
 
 the treatment old me special in- 
 
 fluence on the animal economy, are properly class- 
 ed as mineral waters. Anciently, such \ rere 
 
 regarded as almost sacred ; and when Ifcepool of 
 
 Hethesda was agitated so that its strong medicinal 
 properties were most active, the waiting multi- 
 tudes supposed that an angel from heaven " trou- 
 bled the water." The Greeks used mineral 
 for drinking as well as for bathing ; ami the luxu- 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 rious Romans were accustomed to spend their sum- 
 mer months at the once famous watering-place of 
 Baise, where a mild climate, a sheltered coast, and 
 delightful scenery combined their attractions with 
 those of the waters whose healing powers had then 
 a world-wide celebrity. In the old world, the 
 springs of Harrowgate, Cheltenham, and Bath, in 
 England, Seidlitz in Bohemia, Spa in Belgium, 
 Baden-Baden and Seltzer in Germany, and Aix-la- 
 Chapelle in Rhenish Prussia, while they are of 
 very ancient renown, are still at this day annually 
 resorted toby thousands of fashionable and wealthy 
 pleasure-seekers, as well as by invalids of almost 
 every description. 
 
 It has already been remarked that mineral 
 springs abound throughout this vicinity. Many 
 of these possess very little medicinal virtue. 
 Among those at or near the village are the Con- 
 gress, Empire, Columbian, Hamilton, Excelsior, 
 Pavilion, Putnam, Washington, Star, High Rock, 
 and Seltzer. Of these, by far the most important, 
 commercially, as well as the most interesting for 
 their medicinal character and history, are the three 
 first-named. A particular notice of these springs 
 will include all that it is needful to say in regard 
 to the general character of the mineral waters of 
 Saratoga. 
 
 O — ♦ 
 

 CONGRESS. SPRING. 
 
 This, tin; most famous of the medicinal B] I 
 
 of Saratoga, was discovered in L7V2, by a partg 
 gentlemen who wei ged in hunting in tin; 
 
 vicinity. One of these was .Join Twi.ok Oil- 
 man, a member of Congress, from Exeter, N 
 Bampahire. Their attention was attracted to ;i 
 small stream of water issuing from tin . nk 
 
 of the creek along which they were strolling, and 
 
 which, apOO being t «st .«1, WIS found to In- ■ min- 
 eral water of agreeable taste and ible 
 strength. The importance of the discovers 
 
 to have heen at once apprehended, and out ofoom- 
 
 plimenl to the Leading personage of the company, 
 
 and as a token of their high Opinion of its value, 
 
 the name of the Congress Spring \n: 
 
 and then' bestowed upon it. At tirst fly 
 
 oonld be obtained only in small quaiilifleo, owing 
 
 to the position of the rock, and the nature of the 
 aperture from which it Bowed; and this, with its 
 
 increasing popularity , soon being found to he insuf- 
 ficient, efforts were made to render it more 
 Bible, and at the same time to increase the BOpplj. 
 These efforts resulted in a temjK.rary obstruction 
 of the water. 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 In 1804, Gideon Putnam, who was one of the 
 founders of the village, a:id to whose enterprise 
 and liberality it is indebted for many valuable im- 
 provements, observing bubbles rising to the surface 
 of the brook within a few feet from the spot at which 
 the water was first observed to flow, conceived the 
 idea that the principal point of discharge was in 
 the bed of the brook, and that by turning the 
 stream aside through an artificial channel t this 
 invaluable spring might be permanently secured. 
 In carrying out this design he was entirely suc- 
 cessful, a copious supply of the mineral water being 
 found to flow from the point indicated. After thus 
 reaching the spring, he caused the earth to be care- 
 fully removed some feet below the bed of the 
 brook, and by proper tubing so effectually pro- 
 tected it that an apparently unlimited supply was 
 secured, without the necessity of any further exca- 
 vation or tubing, for about forty years. At this 
 time the grounds containing the Congress spring 
 were owned by the Livingstons, an old and well 
 known family, who had obtained the property 
 under an early grant or purchase. 
 
 In 1823, Dr. John Clarke, of New York, a gentle- 
 man of very considerable scientific knowledge, and 
 who had introduced the first soda-water fountains 
 in that city, having seen and examined the water, 
 and being convinced of its great medical virtues, 
 and prospective commercial value, purchased the 
 spring farm, as well as other property in the vicin- 
 
itv, and at 0008 instituted various improvements, 
 
 and oommeneed bottling the waters far exp i 
 
 tioi Je. This business was carried on by 
 
 1a- Dr. Cl nd his partner in rfew Y<»rk. 
 
 under the style of Lthcb bkb, until the 
 
 death of the former, abort r wliich l>r. 
 
 .John QLABKfl conducted it alone. 
 In 1H42, the original tubing having b ec o m e 
 oewhat impaired, I>r. Claju be 
 
 thoroughly overhauled, and a substantial new 
 crih to D8 sunk to the point at which the Wl 
 
 from the rock below. Here, by n. 
 careful packing with day, it was s ecur e d in such 
 a nmnii the spring more perfeetlj 
 
 than ever i»« fore, while at the same time the sup 
 ply wai sensibly augmented. Th< 
 
 tinned and so -adily increased under l>i 
 judicious management, until tlie time of his death, 
 which OOGOrred in 1846. Pot BOOM years af* 
 lit the business wm carried on by Dr. Clakk 
 
 , under the name of < 'i. LB1 
 
 ut the 3 .. Willi \m & Win 
 
 who had been previously oonnected witli the boaV 
 b as an employe^ acquired an in the 
 
 prop ad thereafter Assumed control of the 
 
 same, condneting the business in the name 
 CLABKB A Whim; Be Continued the system of 
 
 re and costly improvements inaugural 
 by Dr. I and Largely in< the sal 
 
 the wai and permanently secure 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 which, in their natural purity and strength, he 
 expended large amounts. 
 
 In July, 1865, the property passed from the 
 executors of the estate of William B. White 
 into the hands of a company incorporated under 
 the laws of the State of New York, who, at the 
 same time, purchased the Empire Spring, and 
 assumed the management of the business, under 
 the name of the Congress and Empire Spring 
 Company. This company continues the bottling, 
 packing and shipping of the waters, the sale of 
 which is, by virtue of a contract made in Decem- 
 ber^ 1865, undertaken entirely by HoTCHKISS , 
 Sons, of 58 Cliff street, New York. Through the 
 agency of these parties, the waters are sent, not 
 only to all portions of the United States and the 
 British Provinces, but, to a considerable extent, 
 also, to Mexico, South America, the West Indies, 
 Europe, and China. The sale in foreign countries 
 is constantly increasing. The home demand was 
 never so great as at the present time. It would be 
 difficult indeed to find a town of any magnitude in 
 the United States where these waters are not kept 
 for sale ; and scarcely a vessel leaves our shores 
 for any distant port which does not reckon them 
 among its stores or freight. 
 

 EMPIRE SPRING. 
 
 Tirrs spring is situated mar the base of ■ high 
 limestone bluff in the northerly pari of thevillaj 
 
 aUout, three fourths of a mile from tli 
 
 Spring, and is the most northerly spring of 
 
 considerable Importance within the village limits. 
 
 The presence of mineral water in this locality 
 
 had been known foralong period J but. owin. 
 
 the popularity of the Congr e s s Spring! and the 
 greal expense attending the excavations and Inv 
 provements requisite to make the iratei practi- 
 cally available, its development was neglected 
 
 until the year L846, when Wm.i i \m and Hi 
 Robinson, who were the ownen of the property, 
 
 undertook to tube it. They mad.- an ion 
 
 about twelve feel in depth, eight of which pSJI 
 
 through the dense hard pan to the solid n 
 
 from which the water was found to lsSU€ N DOpt- 
 
 OUSly that it became a task of no small magnitude 
 
 properly to secure it. It was tubed, however, 
 
 directly from the rock, and in the mosl thorough 
 
 and satisfactory manner. The water immediately 
 attracted general attention, and it was evident 
 that it was of a quality scarcely, if at all. Inferior 
 in any respect to that of tin* Congress Spring, 
 
while a chemical analysis, irhicfa was made 
 daring the same yea? by ProC K. E 
 
 State Gfoologist, and a mail of einin Qtific 
 
 attainments, developed tin* fact that it 
 
 some valuable properties which adapted it to the 
 
 lafbl treatment of various fornu of lunL r 
 complaints — a class of diseases hitherto th< 
 to be beyond the remedial powi 
 of this localii chief distinguishing feature 
 
 race of a large proportion of iodfas, 
 a remedy possessing great and Important quail- 
 
 and which hai bei d use I with remarkable 
 
 success in tin' dire of alii!" 
 
 chronic auctions. The knowledge of its <•! 
 
 trristic properties tlms acquired, so favorably 
 
 Impressed Prof Kmm<>\< thai he Immediately par- 
 chased One-fburth interest in the spring ; and its 
 
 successful use in the treatment of diseases I i 
 
 it a rapidly Increasing popularity, and fully 
 
 tinned the favorable opinio! inally founded 
 
 upon its scientific anal} - 
 
 From the genera] resemblance of this t » the 
 Congress Spring, it was at first called the 
 
 Congress; 91 hut afterward, in 1848, when it 
 
 Into the hands of Qbobob W. W] od Pbgk- 
 
 eam 11 Qbebn, it received its present nan 
 significant of its spe lily acquired Import 
 
 These parties under the firm name of <; W. Wks- 
 Ton \ CO., commence! bottling the wat r. and 
 making extensive improvements, particularly in 
 
V" 
 
 SARAT0GA SPRINGS. 
 
 the opening of streets, and draining and ornament 
 ing the grounds, and their business soon acquired 
 a considerable degree of magnitude. 
 
 In 1861, the property was sold for $100,000, xo 
 D. A. Knowlton, and in 1863, Knowlton con 
 veyed the same to the Saratoga Empire Spring 
 Company, of which company he became the Presi- 
 dent, and by whom the present buildings were 
 erected. This company transferred the property 
 by deed to the Congress & Empire Spring 
 Company, upon its consolidation with that com- 
 pany, in 1865, the latter company thus assuming 
 its management in connection with that of the 
 Congress Spring, as already stated. The contract 
 with Hotchkiss' Sons applied also to this Spring, 
 and through their agency a largely increased sale 
 of the waters has been effected. 
 
 COLUMBIAN SPRING. 
 
 This mineral spring, situated only a few rods 
 southwesterly from the Congress, was originally 
 tubed by Gideon Putnam, about the year 1805. 
 It soon acquired a considerable reputation for its 
 tonic properties, and of late years has become 
 widely known for its virtues in particular diseases, 
 of which mention will be made hereafter. Since 
 

 the discovery of diar remedial properties, 
 
 of its waters, ai weD as the quantity 
 
 , Irani. largely increased, and at 
 
 tin* present time the demand If nearly equal t<> the 
 capacity of the spring. Being situated upon the 
 same property with the Congress Spring, Dr. .ions 
 Clabke came into possessl »n of it at the tin 
 liis purchase of the O and it ins ever 
 
 been owned and controlled by the same parti 
 
 The spring Issues from the natural rock, about 
 sen " fo©i below the surface of the ground, and is 
 protected by :i heavy wooden tubing, which is 
 deeply Lncrusted by a ferruginous deposit 
 
 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 
 These springs, In their genera] appeari 
 
 so nearlv alike, that they may he described in 
 
 almost the same terms. A> viewed at the sprin 
 the waters present a simmering appearance, which 
 is sometimes increased to a degree of violent agita- 
 tion, caused by the escape of tn^ carbonic acid 
 which is constantly g off) and which, being 
 
 more dense than the atmosphere, collects over the 
 
 surface of the water to such an extent as to be im 
 
 mediately fatal to breathing animals placed in 
 
 close contact with it. 
 
<> 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 The waters are limpid and sparkling, which 
 qualities they retain in a remarkable degree when 
 bottled ; although the Columbian Water, being 
 strongly impregnated with iron, deposits a red- 
 dish-brown sediment, with which also the glasses 
 used at the spring become incrusted. The glasses 
 used in dipping the waters of the Congress and 
 Empire Springs become tarnished with a whit- 
 ish incrustation, indicating, particularly in the 
 case of the Congress Spring, the presence of a large 
 amount of magnesia. 
 
 The waters have a saline, acidulous taste, which 
 is seldom considered unpleasant. Indeed, while 
 their medicinal properties are most effective, they 
 are highly agreeable to the palate, and those who 
 are accustomed to their habitual use regard them 
 as a delightful beverage. This is, in a large de- 
 gree, owing to the presence of the carbonic acid 
 gas, which gives the bright sparkling appearance 
 to wines, and renders soda waters and sim- 
 ilar preparations so extremely palatable. Great 
 numbers of persons drink the waters daily, merely 
 to allay thirst, or to gratify the palate ; and even 
 though taken in liberal quantities they are re- 
 garded as invigorating and healthy, and their 
 effects are seldom unpleasant. 
 
 The temperature of the springs preserves a great 
 degree of uniformity — that of the Congress being 
 49°, the Empire 54°, and the Columbian 49°,— 
 with the variation of scarcely a degree in all the 
 
 <0-. < 
 
SARATOGA SPKi: 
 
 and cold throughout the j • 
 This fact, together with the circumstance of the 
 waters being bol slightly affected by arel or dry 
 weather, has led to the belief, entertained by many 
 
 antific men, thai fountains have their 
 
 soorc real < 1« *j >t 1 1 in t Ik- earth. 
 
 The combination of ao large an amount of car- 
 bonic acid in the water, more than one volume of 
 
 the gas being held in solution, increases itfl ]»ov. 
 to bold other minerals in solution, and accounts 
 for the tact that the water, upon I BOO, de- 
 
 posits mineral salts which many ti: >ulk of 
 
 common rain-water will not re-dl 
 
 When properly bottled and corked, the in 
 
 markable tacil'r oely 
 
 undergoing any change whatever, chemically or 
 
 medicinally, m any climate, or after I v.-ry con- 
 
 siderab] of time. The bottles, however; 
 
 should be kept in a horizontal position, to prevent 
 the shrinking of corks ; and with this simple | 
 
 caution, the waters may be safely taken upon 1- 
 
 sea \roy ages, and will he found hriirht and sparkling 
 even after the la] feral y< 
 
 Various te>ts. which have been applied doxii 
 
 loner series of years, indicate that there has been 
 
 appreciable change in the chemical proper 
 or medicinal qualities of the waters, and l 
 torily prove that these fountains retain their orig- 
 inal character in a remarkahle manner. 
 
 Although, on being exposed totheata 
 

 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 a considerable quantity of carbonic acid gas is dis- 
 engaged from tlie waters, experiments liave shown 
 that they still retain the gas largely m combina- 
 tion, for which reason no considerable precipitation 
 of their salts takes place until the waters them- 
 selves are evaporated. 
 
 MEDICINAL PEOPEETIES 
 
 OF THESE WATEBS. 
 
 Congress Water.— While these waters have 
 active remedial properties, their effects, when used 
 in comparative health, as an agency for promoting 
 and regulating the healthy secretions and excre- 
 tions of the body, should not be overlooked. They 
 give tone to, and prevent uneasiness of, the stom- 
 ach, especially when drank in small quantities 
 after meals ; and their slightly stimulating effects 
 are especially agreeable to the overtaxed and 
 wearied man of business, who feels that something 
 is wanted to " clear the head," and to give acute- 
 ness and working power to the mental organism. 
 Being readily absorbed and conveyed by the cir- 
 culation through the entire system, their stimulat- 
 ing effects are speedily perceived, and the result 
 is an almost immediate sense of freshness and 
 quickened vitality. As a preventive also of fevers 
 and bilious disorders their use is very beneficial ; 
 
 -— < 
 

 in the habitual use of the ami 
 rarely or never Buffering fir no those periodica] 
 tacks of fever, headache, and other afl in- 
 
 dicating ive biliary secret oommon in 
 
 this country. fl TOM 
 
 of disease, when taken in health, these waters are 
 the "ounce of prevention " wliicli is infinitely I 
 ter than a " pound of cure." 
 
 an aperient or cathari great ^ 
 
 taken at proper times, and in suitable quantiJ 
 
 needed to be most innocent ii pro- 
 
 ducing no reaction which can injure even a deli 
 
 titution ; and its 006 may be persevered in 
 
 almost any length of time, without Increasing the 
 quantity taken, as is so often necessary in the use 
 of Other cathartic* Even irith a gradual diminu- 
 tion of the quantity, free evaco ill continue 
 until the system is properly relieved. The* 
 are produced without in any manner debilitating 
 the alimentary canal, or impairing th ive 
 powers of the stomach ; while the spirits, appef 
 and general health are improved and b d. 
 In all those functional affections of the organs 
 employed in the process ituting 
 what is usually termed <i>, tlie waters of 
 
 this spring have long maintained ■ liiirji an< i Re- 
 serve I reputation. Multitudes of both (ten 
 Buffer from constipation of the bowels until all the 
 evil consequences of such a condition are realized 
 in extreme debility, nervou au\ prostration 
 
SARVTOC.V SPTUNGS. 
 
 of the vital energies of the system, who might 
 find speedy and certain relief by the use of this 
 simple and harmless remedy. Invalids have been 
 often surprised and delighted, after using the 
 waters a few weeks, to find themselves rapidly 
 gaining flesh and strength ; the real secret of their 
 improvement being in the effect of the water, 
 which greatly increases the power of assimilation, 
 thereby securing a larger proportion of the nutri- 
 tion contained in food, much of which is lost when 
 the digestive functions have become impaired. In 
 cases of chronic dyspepsia, a persevering use of the 
 water, with proper dietetic restrictions, and suitable 
 attention to the ordinary rules of health, gives the 
 sufferer a speedy sense of relief, and in the end is 
 certain to eradicate the disease, with its attendant 
 miseries. 
 
 Where there is a debilitated condition of the 
 stomach and bowels, resulting in chronic diarrhoea, 
 the water acts at once as a mild and agreeable 
 cathartic, producing free dejections, without lan- 
 guor or debility, thus removing the foetid and 
 irritating accumulations induced by the inflated 
 state of the svstem, and which provoke the dis- 
 ease ; and it also acts as a gentle stimulant, by 
 which the digestive functions are improved, and 
 such additional strength imparted to the body as 
 enables nature successfully to combat with the 
 disease. These effects indicate the grounds upon 
 which these waters have long been recommended 
 

 of ekoli r<f. In the appear- 
 
 ance of the premonitory symptoms, or of an actum] 
 attack of the disease, they have been used, in eon- 
 nection with other remedies, frith tin- I -Its. 
 
 Phe waters operate powerfully upon the biliary 
 organs without enfeebling — the effects which, in 
 cholera, ph; endeavor to produce by calo- 
 
 mel pills combined with opium. The late Cb 
 
 or Walworth, but a abort time beti 
 death, published, in an Albany paper, a Letter 
 which hits since been Issued in pamphlet form, 
 and extensively copied by the press of the country , 
 in which he detailed his experience In tin 
 Congress Water, both as a preventive of, and a 
 remedy for, this terrible dia hat 
 
 very efficient relief might be obtained by 
 
 The use of the water as a cathartic is also bene- 
 ficial in jaundice, the various formi ia, 
 
 irgemeni of the liv&r and spL 
 affections, cutaneotu i, and in nearly all i 
 
 orders occasioned by that round onablo 
 
 indulgences generally termed "high living." In- 
 stead of causing nausea or disturbance of the 
 stomach, as \s tin i flfeci of ordinary cathartics, the 
 
 water, while it produces copious evacuation-. 
 
 at the same time to Invigorate the whole sy st em, 
 giving a relish for the i and most common 
 
 articles of food. The freedom from griping pains 
 
 which is noticeable in t he cal hart ic Operations of 
 
 the water, is owing to the sedative effects ol the 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 carbonic acid gas, which also tends to prevent that 
 sense of languor usually accompanying" the opera- 
 tions of ordinary medicines of this class. 
 
 The proper time to take these waters as a 
 cathartic is in the morning only, except in cases 
 where satisfactory effects are not obtained from 
 the morning draught, when it may be taken as a 
 laxative on going to bed, to be followed in the 
 morning by such additional quantity of the water 
 as will answer the wishes of the patient, without 
 subjecting him to inconvenience. This being, es- 
 pecially in persons of weak or irritable stomachs, 
 the only time in the twenty-four hours in which 
 the digestive organs are not engaged in the solu- 
 tion and absorption of aliment, is evidently the 
 best time to interpose a mild, exhilarating, and 
 efficient cathartic. Let the water be taken always 
 before breakfast, and in quantities sufficient to 
 produce a free evacuation, and leave the digestive 
 functions at liberty to exert their renewed powers 
 on the next portion of food received into the stom- 
 ach. Many persons receive permanent injury by 
 indulging too freely in the use of the water, sup- 
 posing that its beneficial effects are in proportion 
 to the quantity imbibed, whereas the facts are very 
 different. Two or three half-pint tumblers full, 
 drank leisurely at the spring or from the bottle ; 
 a pleasant walk, if practicable, for ten or fifteen 
 minutes ; another glass or two, if desired, on re- 
 turning to breakfast, which may be eaten in twenty 
 
 
i \ simu: 
 
 or thirty minutes after, — a sip of tea or coffee 1" 
 previously taken, — will generally Insure tin- fall 
 cathartic effect at one-; and if the operation 
 more active than desired, the quantity may be 
 diminished, and if not sufficient, Km i the 
 
 : morniE 
 
 If tin' witter at its natural temperature produces 
 chilliness, lei it stand (properly bottled and corki 
 in your room over night; and if more active < 
 thartic effects are desired, immerse the bottle, un- 
 corked, for a short time in warm water, drinkl 
 its contents while warm, and the desired eff 
 will be speedily obtained. When the temperature 
 of the water is thus raised, some portkui of the 
 carbonic acid gas b anl pass. - 
 
 otf, and the taste is Less agreeable, but still nol 
 especially unpleasant. 
 
 A free indulgence in the water during the di 
 
 more likely to be injurious than beneficial, as 
 when the stomach is full the water imbibed (if in 
 In l Lantities) only tends to disturb di 
 
 tion, and generally fails of producing the cathi 
 effect which properly follows the mornii ght 
 
 As an alterative, however, after prop 
 
 effects have been obtained from the use of the wa- 
 ter, it may be taken in small potations rep atedly 
 
 through the day. If the draughts are limited to 
 such very moderate quantiti ill produce no 
 
 unpleasant feeling, and DO disturbance of the 
 digestive functions, the water will | q up in 
 
SARATOGA SPTtlNGS. 
 
 the circulation, and conveyed throughout the sys- 
 tem, thus gradually effecting a change in all the 
 secretions of the body, by which the work of 
 renovation and reparation is more perfectly accom- 
 plished. 
 
 As a diuretic and tonic, also, the water may be 
 taken between meals, not exceeding a glass or two 
 at a time, and as often as once in three or four 
 hours. Taken in this manner it will be found to 
 be agreeably stimulating, and to have a marked 
 effect on the kidneys and bladder; although, 
 owing to the peculiar properties of the Columbian 
 Spring Waters, they are more frequently recom- 
 mended when these effects are desired. 
 
 As a general renovator and preserver of health, 
 as a home remedy at once innocent and efficient, 
 Congress Water is of incalculable value. It is pre- 
 scribed by the faculty in certain diseases with as 
 much confidence as any preparation known to the 
 apothecary. It is in an eminent sense Nature's 
 own remedy, and thousands use it who resort to 
 no other medicine, never suffering themselves to 
 be without it in their houses, and never venturing 
 to go upon a long journey, especially a voyage at 
 sea, without being provided with it as an excellent 
 and judicious traveling companion. It is an al- 
 most absolute preventive of sea-sickness. Hon. 
 Tiiurlow Weed declares that " no family ought 
 to cross the Atlantic without Congress Water." 
 "I have drank it," he says, "in the Tropical 
 

 Islands, in England, in Prance, In Germany, aad 
 tally, with the same beneficia] effects an when 
 drawn fresh from the Spring f and he and many 
 others chan it, truly is, a ihllfjio 
 
 ".!' • 
 
 Empire Water.— The close resemblance of 
 this water to tin- Con g r e ss in man proper- 
 
 ilea lias already been remarked. In the cathartic 
 eflecta of the two waters, ti once is scarcely 
 
 appreciable, although from the | 
 
 quantity of* magnesia in tin- Congress Water, the 
 
 operation of the lal what m 
 
 pungent. But with very many e«.iistituti.»ns tlie 
 
 Empire Water produces the most agreeable 
 
 It can not be predicted With certainty In any in- 
 stance, which water, as % cathartic, will 1 
 
 effective, and after trial and com] of the 
 
 effects of both waters, the preferenc juently 
 
 giTen to this. 
 
 The value of the wafers has h. en heal shown in 
 
 the treatment of obscure and clironic di oceses . In 
 many Instances iave been I to 
 
 health, or greatly relieved by the use of these rem- 
 edies, when all others proved Of DO avail. Al- 
 though the Of chemical analysis lias DOW 
 
 attained a good degree of accuracy, the 
 
 doubtless still contain elenien: t know; 
 
 chemistry or pharmacy. These, entering into and 
 forming a pari of the inimitable composition of 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 these waters, enable tliem to exercise upon the 
 general economy a multifarious action which all 
 the united resources of ordinary therapeutics can 
 not effect. The salts of iodine are of recent discov- 
 ery in chemistry, but, as component parts of certain 
 mineral waters, have long been successfully used 
 in the treatment of disease. It is evident, there- 
 fore, that there may be other remedies in these 
 waters still unrecognized except in the effects pro- 
 duced by their use. 
 
 Empire water is used successfully by those who 
 are suffering from the incipient stages of pulmo- 
 nary disease. Instead of producing fever, increase 
 of cough, or any other unpleasant symptoms, it 
 gives relief, and causes a diminution of night 
 sweats. Coughs and pains about the pectoral 
 regions, where dependent upon a diseased action or 
 irritated condition of the stomach and bowels, are 
 also most effectually removed by a persevering use 
 of the water. 
 
 This water contains a larger proportion of iodine 
 than any other of the mineral springs of Saratoga. 
 As a medicine this substance is known to possess 
 important qualities; and it has been introduced 
 as a remedy in the cure of almost every species of 
 chronic affection. It is supposed to exert a special 
 influence over the absorbent or lymphatic system ; 
 and in the treatment of goitre and scrofula, as well 
 as all other diseases attended with indolent en- 
 largement of the glands, it has maintained a high 
 
 <■ 
 
<-A SIMM' 
 
 — r 
 
 jukI deserved reputation, In oasei 
 ase of this wnt<r has been uniformly attended with 
 benefit, and frequently lias res ul ted Ka the entire 
 mora] of the disease. In all dyspeptic and bili 
 
 is eminently beneficial, ai also in the remo- 
 val and cure of the thousand unpleasant resnlti 
 constipation, Those who drink this water find th; 
 requires afled them as a cathartic after u- 
 
 it a few weeks or months than when first taken. 
 
 This water is especially adapted t<> the successful 
 
 treatment of rht " mutism and ffOlU, which | 
 
 tain to he improved or cured by i - and all 
 
 § qf th, si. in, pimpUi, bloiehe$ t and 
 ulc&rs, are mosl effectually eradicated, while 
 purifying effect adds tone t<> tl leh^and in 
 
 • rates the who|. 
 
 remedy for the diseases natural to warm climai 
 
 especially int< fmitt, ,,t , ffCUtfie and bill 
 
 (f//.s< n t< ties, and dixnfth is <>/ //,■ !ir- r, this watt 
 a remedy <»f remarkable efficacy. It 
 
 to the circulation, removes consti p at i o n , create- 
 appetite, and promotes a healthy condition of all 
 the secretions and excretions of the system. 
 
 The directions for using this water are the I 
 as for Congress Water, and those who use the. bottled 
 
 waters will fmd a pint bottle ordinarily sufficient 
 d cathartic in the morning, hut a larger portion 
 
 may be taken it deemed n to increase the 
 
 effect, and the quantity required can be determined 
 
 always by a fair trial of tin' water. 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 As an alterative, from one-fourth to a whole tum- 
 bler should be taken three or four times a day. 
 
 As a diuretic or tonic it should be taken between 
 meals, a glass or two at a time. 
 
 The Hon. Scuyler Colfax states that Empire 
 Water is, to him, " the most agreeable in taste of 
 all the Saratoga Waters." In it are happily com- 
 bined the properties of an efficient medicinal agent, 
 and those of a pleasant and exhilarating beverage. 
 
 Columbian Water. — This water, possessing 
 valuable diuretic, tonic, and alterative properties, 
 is deserving special attention from those who are 
 suffering the debility and prostration which result 
 from long-continued diseases of the kidneys and 
 bladder, gravel, and irritated condition of the ure- 
 thra, aggravated, it may be, by neglect or impru- 
 dence. In all such cases the Columbian Water can 
 be used with the assurance of immediate relief from 
 the annoying and distressing symptoms which be- 
 long to this class of diseases, and of the restoration 
 of the healthy action of those organs. 
 
 As a chalybeate mineral water it possesses sin- 
 gularly active properties, which have the effect to 
 dissolve the calculi, and prevent accumulation of 
 deposits in the bladder. For the distressing dis- 
 ease known as diabetes, it stands unrivaled as a 
 remedial agent. A fair trial will remove all doubts 
 of its positive beneficial effects in all inflammatory 
 conditions of the urinary passages, and while acting 
 

 ;i curative, its tonic effects combine to give 
 strength and vigor to the Impaired powen of 
 tin- system. 
 
 The large quantities of fa her with 
 
 the iron so abundant in it, render it a took 
 
 at value in many cases of irriUUdi and <reak 
 <//)/' \q organs, I wnd 
 
 to strengthen the tone of the stomach, and 
 increase the red particles in the blood, which, 
 
 irding to Lihbio, perform an Important part in 
 respiration. Experiments have proved that the 
 anmber of these particles may be doubled bj the 
 ase of preparations of iron ; bat it must be remem- 
 bered that the ordinary preparations of this mini 
 
 to be obtained <.f the apothecary, produce coini 
 
 ■lively I'm l io through 
 
 the alimentary passages witli v^ry little i 
 
 tion. Mineral waters, on the COn1 I 
 
 inferred from the experiments of Dr. B 
 
 are introduced into the Hood by the absorb- 
 
 B of the stomach, without any pre ■ \h>- 
 
 Bttion or digestion, and "are thus admitted to 
 the inner COOtS of all the blood-YOSBels, and to 
 the minutest branches of the seen pa- 
 
 rat uc 
 Iii liner complainti, in 
 
 and all cnt<tn<<>"x du SO with xJnirhj-lt 
 
 ■inn woundBmA uleen, this water, taken in small 
 quantities — say, half a tumblerful at a draught 
 
 but frequently through the day, and pi by 
 
>- 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 the free use of Congress or Empire Water, taken 
 before breakfast (to promote free action of the 
 bowels), will be found highly beneficial, strengthen- 
 ing, and restorative. 
 
 As a remedy also for chlorosis, and a variety of 
 other complaints peculiar to the female sex, this 
 water is especially recommended, and will prove a 
 great blessing, adapted to restore the health and 
 vigor of youth, and to impart a freshness and 
 beauty to the complexion which can not be re- 
 tained unless the female system is free from 
 obstruction and in a healthy condition. These 
 difficulties, being generally chronic in their 
 nature, require a persevering use of the water ; and 
 in most cases, to insure the best results, the bowels 
 should be kept open by the occasional use of Con- 
 gress or Empire Water taken in the morning. The 
 want of a free action of the bowels is, indeed, often 
 the procuring cause of many difficulties, such as 
 irregularity and suppression, which might be 
 avoided by the combined use of these waters, 
 which, causing neither pain, nausea, nor any other 
 unpleasant symptoms, yet impart freshness and 
 vigor by their peculiar effects. 
 
 Physicians at the springs, and elsewhere, fre- 
 quently prescribe Columbian Water to follow a 
 course of treatment with the more aperient waters 
 of the Congress and Empire Springs. When suf- 
 fering from the prostration and debility following 
 either of the various forms of bilious, intermittent, 
 
and gastric fevers, the patient find its rep*] 
 cilcrts extremely beneficial 
 
 The quantity of water from this spring to be 
 daily must aecessarily depend, In meeerne, 
 
 no the state of the disease, and the condition of the 
 stomach* It Lb therefore best to commence ta 
 in small quantities at a time, and at regular Inter- 
 nals, gradually increasing the quantity and fre- 
 quency of the draughts, as may hem Babk 
 to the stomach, and best adapted for each peculiar 
 constitution or complaint. 
 
 The proprietors bottle it In half pints, so that it 
 can be used without a half pint being ordi- 
 
 narily sufficient for two draught ribed. 
 
 also bottled in pints, for those who prefer it 
 put 1 1 ] > in this manner. 
 
 When drank, the water beti alyb- 
 
 eate taste, and a pungency indicative of the 
 
 ence of a large portion of carbon] 
 
 DANGER OF ARTIFICIAL WATERS. 
 
 Thb Important - which these waters have 
 
 rendered far away from their source, and the con- 
 sequent increasing demand for them, have had 
 the effect to stimulate the manufacture of arti- 
 ficial mineral waters, which have frequently 
 
— — 
 
 SARVTOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 imposed upon the public by unscrupulous dealers 
 as the genuine waters of these springs. 
 
 The use of the terms "Congress Water," "Co- 
 lumbian Water," or " Empire Water," alone or in 
 combination with other words, when applied to 
 any other than the liquids naturally flowing from 
 these springs, is an evident violation of the rights 
 of the proprietors, and a fraud upon the public. 
 In a recent .case, determined in the United States 
 Court, the manufacturer and vendor of an artificial 
 compound sold as Congress Water were enjoined 
 from putting up or selling " any water not of the 
 natural flow of the said spring, in bottles or 
 packages marked with the words * Congress Wa- 
 ter/ or with words of like import." It would be 
 well for the public if this matter were more fully 
 understood, as the articles thus offered are entirely 
 worthless, and often dangerous, the effects of them 
 being wholly different from that of the genuine 
 waters, frequently producing griping pains, ver- 
 tigo, etc., and sometimes resulting in serious per- 
 manent difficulties. They weaken the digestive 
 powers, and destroy the tone of the stomach and 
 bowels, often rendering a mild case of dyspepsia 
 incurable. Old boxes and bottles, bearing the 
 genuine brands, are often bought up by counter- 
 feiters for the purpose of filling them with their 
 valueless articles — for which reason purchasers 
 should always examine the corks, which can not 
 be used a second time, and which, if the waters 
 
VTOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 ■re genuine, will have the brand of the bottling 
 
 company. 
 
 The Injury Inflicted by the sale of these artificial 
 compounds upon the proprietors and the publi< 
 double; for on taking these spuria 
 and finding either no effect, or injurious eflei 
 from their use. purchaseni in future refuse the gen- 
 uine waters, supposing they have already tried 
 them; or, knowing that tin- waters used arv arti- 
 ficial, decline the natural waters on the supp 
 tion that they have tried what is in Ml the 
 
 same, without benefit— as if the the 
 
 slightest comparis >n between them ! 
 
 That it is imposaible to form I ten arti- 
 
 ficially, the testimony of scientific men is uniform 
 
 and abundant. " It is inij>ossil>le. • lc- 
 
 brated English chemist, Sir HuMPHHT Davy, 
 "to recombine the ingredit as to make an 
 
 article of equal quality, the t which will l>o 
 
 the same as the natural water." Theli 
 the late Dr. Jami.s Johnsoh, of London, is as 
 
 follows: "Mineral wal D many 
 
 which we can not imitate by artificial combina- 
 tions. This is proved by every day's ohservat iona 
 
 Thus, the saline, aperient mineral waters will pro- 
 duce ten times more effect than the identical mate- 
 rials artificially dissolved and mixed. The - 
 true with respect to the chalybeate springs. A 
 grain of iron im them is man iomic ikon ft* 
 grains wMbk ting to t/« pktMrmatOpo 
 
4 
 
 ♦ 
 
SARATOGA SI' 
 
 usually limited to a few brief woo ka — a time, in 
 1 1 j : i t i too short, for these mild. n;itunil r 
 
 cdics feo accomplish their perfect work. Tli 
 
 Bands of visitors, therefore, find it p oc o si 
 continue t } j • - after leaTi 
 
 springe, and greet numbers of other snflerera from 
 the various ills which fl- 
 able to visit Saratoga, still find the waters a source 
 
 of comfort and 04 alth. Tims, while the benefit of 
 these springs is enjoy e tofttogm only by a 
 
 comparatively limited number of persons, and 
 principally during a brief JOSSOn, their bl 
 are carried, by means of the bottled waters, all 
 over the world, and are dl I to multiplied 
 
 thousands, without regard to season or climate. A 
 largo and important branch of commerce has thus 
 sprung into existence, involving a liberal exj>en- 
 ditnre Of capital, and furnishing einp!- 
 directly or indirectly, to a great number of | 
 
 The bottling and packing is carried on thr 
 out the year, and. except during the height of the 
 visiting season, when so much is consumed at the 
 springs as materially to decrease 
 bottling, the work is prosecuted night and d 
 The arrangements for this purpose are then 
 complete of any thing of the kind in the country. 
 and all the various operations arc carried on with 
 a care, skill, and perfection unsurpassed. 
 
 In order to increase their facilities, the spring 
 company have erected a glass-factory in the village, 
 

 

 where they qoI only make all the bottles required 
 
 in their own Immense K nainw | but till la- 
 orders for all kinds of bottles lor other ]>ur|>oses» 
 Borne eighteen or twent; in the My 
 
 part of the vjiiii ed by the < * *i n- 
 
 pany for the nee of theft opeaatfo 
 
 h bottle, before being filled, is thoroughly 
 
 Washed and rinsed With both warm and cold wji- 
 
 bream of each of which is constantly ponri] 
 into the tanks before ti To detach any 
 
 Imparities thai cannot be removed by other means, 
 
 a small hrass chain Ls dropped into each bottle and 
 
 thoroughly shaken about The Bahatitntion of this 
 
 simple and effective method Of cleansing for the 
 for the use of sliot or pebblei i^ an Improvement 
 which might well he adopted by every housewil 
 
 The corks are either mannfart nred or imported 
 expressly for this company, none I nit the finest 
 
 quality being used, flor the protection of the 
 
 public against manufactured, inferior, or spun 
 mineral waters, each cork is distinctly branded on 
 the side with the name of the water and the in;: 
 
 of the company, thus: — 
 
 OOTOBESfl W\i BKPIB1 \V\ti 
 
 C. &E. S. 0a 0.4 
 
 Columbian Wati 
 C. & E. S. Co. 
 
 Tlio brands nsod for this purp< into a 
 
 small tabic, their lettered faces being nearly level 
 
 

 
 with i r< kept hoi by i ]■ 
 
 gas tuned os then front below, and the corks 
 
 ra their brand by being rolled over the bi 
 typei — m performing tin oper- 
 
 ation with lt<;i1 rapidity. 
 
 The win.- used i ring tl i la inanu- 
 
 faotured expressly for the pui om the finest 
 
 quality of copper, some 2000 Lbs. being required 
 annually. 
 
 rh< packing-boxes are nmde on thepienilBei 
 are of uniform shape and si/ box holding 
 
 two dOBBO OUai\ or /our duzi'ii j)int DOl 
 
 Hash box receives fchs peculiar brand of the com' 
 
 t on with shnril platen Pan -I. 
 
 shoaMLba familiar with them brands, as well ai 
 wit h (hone upon the and should carefully 
 
 obserre them when buying the watt 
 
 Each Imjx of Cougp H Water is branded on tin 
 oul thus : 
 
 COllKS 
 
 (H'AliL (iiKiMJIXK 
 
 OONGRKSS WATKR 
 
 AIIE Hit AXE>EI> THUS 
 COXGllKSS WATKB 
 
SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 Each box of Congress Water is branded on the 
 top thus: 
 
 GLASS 
 j0 *% 
 
 CONGRESS SPUING 
 
 WAT13K 
 
 © i*'i ^ 
 
 SAKATOOA SPUIKGS 
 
 N.Y. 
 
 Empire and Columbian Water boxes are simi- 
 larly branded, the name, of course, being appro- 
 priately changed in each case. 
 
 The water is pumped from the spring through 
 pure block tin pipes into a receiver holding from 
 five to six gallons, from which it is drawn into the 
 bottles ; the pipes, pump, and receiver being so 
 
SARATOGA -THINGS. 
 
 Structed M to prevent any CSCapC of the nat- 
 ural gases. The cork.-, after being soaked in 
 warm water until they beOOOM BO SOU M to be 
 
 lly compressed, are driven into the bottles by 
 machinery, the process reducing their size before 
 entering the bottles shoal one third It requires a 
 strong bottle to stand the piuawuu of their expan- 
 sion after being driven in, and even Strong n. 
 sometimes find it difficult to ]>ull them out. A 
 Single workman will fill and cork from fifteen 
 twenty dozen bottles per hour. 
 
 After being tilled and corked. 1 1 1 * - b< ittles an- laid 
 
 upon their sides in large bins, holding from ooe 
 hondred and fifty to two hundred dozen each, 
 
 where they are allowed to remain four or ftl 
 
 or longer, to tost the strength of the bottles by the 
 
 expansion of the L r :is, and sllO tO dfl t o d any eorks 
 
 that may l>e leaky or otherwise Imperfect. The 
 
 breakage while in this situation, is about five 
 
 per cent, of the whole numi>er filled, and 
 
 times more. ThebottleS frequently burst with a 
 sharp report, like the firing of a pistol or the 
 
 cracking of champagne bottles. Every bottle that 
 
 breaks, either while in the testing-bins. Off in any of 
 
 the various ])roces8es of washing, filling, or pack- 
 ing, is registered In the office of the company , by 
 
 means of wins p»in^r from different \ the 
 
 establishment, and centering then' in an apparatus 
 arranged for the purpose. All 1< 
 drawn, and the bottles refilled with water di: 
 
,JL 
 
ATOoA BI'Ri: 
 
 from the Spring. While all those precaut. 
 
 mid largely to the expense of putting np the 
 they render ■ Leak/, and consequent!; 
 
 bad l>ottle of -s, Empire, or C \ #1 nm 1 
 
 Water almost Impossible, and thi render 
 
 the breakage ot hottles in subsequent handling a 
 matter of rare occurrence. 
 
 When the bottlei and oorkl have been thus 
 thoroughly tested, the c irki are securely wh 
 this operation being p er f or med rapidity 
 
 by employes Long trained to the work. 
 
 The next prooesi is the packing In cases, which 
 
 ISO done with g d remarkable « 
 
 terity. The neck of each l>ottle Is firmly wound 
 with clean new straw, and the bottles are placed 
 on their sides in n. qua] number, s parting 
 
 w being laid bet* h bottle and 
 
 neighbor on either side. A layer Of straw is I 
 
 placed between each tier of bottles, :»s well ss si the 
 top and bottom of tl. When the! lod, 
 
 the packer walks over the bottles, fin thedoable pur- 
 pose of settling them properly In their places, and 
 as a further test of theii ra the li 
 
 put In its place and nailed down. If a bottle 
 
 gives way under the weight of the pa« 
 
 course the whole box is emptied, and not again 
 repacked until it is thoroughly dry, as must !»«• all 
 
 the straw which is used for parking. 
 
 As immense quantities of I put 
 
 up during the winter months, when the domes d 
 
 
o 
 
 SARATOGA SPRINGS. 
 
 comparatively small, and when the weather is 
 usually too cold for their safe transportation, large 
 storage capacity is required to secure and protect 
 the stock on hand. Some idea of the room re- 
 quired for this purpose may be formed from the 
 fact that the buildings used exclusively for storing 
 water in boxes, at the Congress Spring alone, have 
 an area of over twelve thousand square feet on 
 the ground floor, with capacity for safely keep- 
 ing at a proper temperature through the winter 
 months more than twenty thousand boxes of the 
 water. 
 
 The Company receive visitors at their bottling 
 houses with great courtesy, and a pleasant hour 
 may be spent in examining their establishment. 
 
 * ■ ■ ^ 
 
Tho Song of tho Fountain Spirit. 
 
 A laily OOfltrlblltai lb* foUowll |] tribut.- to ill.- 
 
 virtnt-H of tht-KM woinlrrful w;it.is, wi rlOU Oti 
 
 she fancifully dflttrUMI : 
 
 " I dwbll belowl I dwell below ! 
 And mortals on earth <-;m newer know 
 The beauty and splendor thai till the home 
 Prom whence their precJoufl fountains come, — 
 Babbling up till they burst without, 
 Sparkling, rippling, and dancing about, 
 
 Freighted With health and brilliant with light, 
 Soothing tho ear, and entrancing the sight 
 
 Thus lings the spirit, in musical flow. 
 In the glittering cave whose silvery glow, — 
 From the crystal floor to the vaults! nave 
 The sculptured wall and the architrave. 
 The wreath-crowned column and canopy. 
 Cornice and arch and tracery, — 
 
 
SONG OF THE FOUNTAIN SPIRIT. 
 
 Outrivals the light of the fairest moon, 
 Or noontide glow of the summer sun. 
 She wieldeth her wand with a potent sway, 
 Distilling, with magical alchemy, 
 These healing waters, the bountiful draught, 
 The health-giving nectar all may quaff. 
 To her is given the guardian care 
 Of the living fountains pure and fair ; 
 Ever — forever — to blend and measure 
 The portions that form the crystal treasure — 
 And a benison prayer she breathes as she sings 
 Of the health-giving waters that flow from the 
 springs. 
 
 u Come, ye who suffer, and lose your pain ; 
 From beds of languishing rise again ; 
 Drink of these waters for you unsealed, 
 Partake of the fountains by Nature revealed ! 
 O children of earth ! to you they are given, 
 And the fairy's skill is the blessing of Heaven." 
 
 Congeebs Park, Saratoga, 186T. 
 
Analysis of Congress Spring Water. 
 The solid and gaseous contents of tins * 
 according to bo analysis made by Dr. .Jons EL 
 , at the Spring, are as follow 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda :;:><><> 
 
 Bi-Carbonate of Soda 
 
 Bi-Carbonate of Magnesia 
 
 Carbonate of Lime 
 
 Carbonate of Iron 
 
 Silr\ and Alumina 
 
 Hydro-Bromate of Potash, ■ trace. 
 
 Solid contents in a gallon 51)7.Ji4i{ 
 
 Carbonic Acid Gas 
 
 atmospheric Air 1 
 
 Gaseous contents in agallon. 818 en. inch* 
 
 The corks of the genuine Congress Water an 
 
 branded thus: 
 
 C. , 
 
 Analysis of Empire Spring Water. 
 The Analysis of the Empire Water, by Proi 
 R Emmons, is as follows: 
 
 Chloride of Sodium 2Ci).(5 
 
 Bi Carbonate of Lome Ill .82 1 
 
 Bi-Carbonate of Magnesia 11 
 
 Bi-Carbonate of Soda 
 
 Hydriodate of Soda, or Iodine .... [2J 
 
 Bi-Carbonate of Iron. I trace 
 
 Solid contents in a gallon 496.3 
 
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