,^-.^-'' \r-jiA} > ^^^:; "i'^-;'^-- X^?^? m: v:.i. ■*r-v<>^v ^: :i.t: ,4;^^- ^ REPORT OF A COMMITTEE OF THE OVERSEERS OF HARVARD COLLEpl^ JdAjrUARir 6, IBM. CAMBRIDGE : UNIVERSITY PRESS--HILLIARD AND METCALP. 1825. «^. 4 II % REPORT OF A COMZHITTBE OF THE OVERSiaBBS OF HARVARD COLLEGE, JANUARY 6f 1825. CAMBRIDGE : UNIVERSITY PRESS— HILLIARD AND METCALF. 1825. / Gift EdMNi L Whitney DEC 8- 1938 \Z7JS Correction, for Doeument Til. page 21, Against the name of the Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, JYo. of Lessons. Time. add *62 42 Rhetorick Sophomores Correcting Themes I Soph's, Jiin'rs, h Sen'rs I Also, in the column of Time, add, after Declamation, 1 hour, and, after Themesj ■loursi and, in the column of Total of Lessons, insert 235. 2 ^ 0/1 REPORT. ^ The Committee of the Board of Overseers, appointed ^ on the 1st day of June last, with instructions to make a report setting forth in detail the finances of the Univer- sity and its w^ays and means ; an estimate of its expen- ses for the present year, and an account of the compen- sation, obligations, and duties of the Instructers ; of the course of study and progress of the Students, and of the practical inconveniences, if any , arising from the present or- ganization of the Immediate Government; and to propose such specifick regulations as they should deem conducive to the prosperity of the Institution ; and to revise the College Law^s, and reduce them to a simple and brief form, beg leave to submit the following REPORT. The Committee have invited and received communi- cations from the President and Treasurer of the University, from the Immediate Government as a body, and from each of the Instructers; and the documents herewith submitted exhibit the statements received from them, comprising all the information w^hich the Committee were instructed to procure. No. I. is the Statement received from the Treasurer, setting forth the Finances of the University, comprising a particular account of its ways and means, the expenses necessary during the present College year, the salaries ^f'q IV REPORT. of all the officers, and the funds from which the same are paid. The only regulation now proposed by the Committee, in relation to the subjects mentioned in the Treasu- rer's Statement, is the provision suggested by him, that no higher rate of interest be allowed on the several ap- propriations, than the average amount actually received by the College on its investments, unless in cases where some agreement has been made to the contrary. The suggestion heretofore made, that some Professorships may be united, as vacancies shall occur, and the ex- penses of the College be in this way diminished is deem- ed highly important, and ought undoubtedly to be care- fully kept in view whenever an opportunity for applying it shall arise. But the only vacancy now existing is in the Alford Professorship, in which, as in several of the others, the Statutes of the Founders, provide that no other duties than those prescribed by them shall ever be assigned to the Professor. The documents numbered II. III. and IV. were com- municated, at the request of the Committee, by the Pres- ident of the College and by the Corporation and Imme- diate Government through the President. The letter accompanying them is annexed to this Report. No. II. contains the Foundations, Statutes, and Regu- lations of the several Professorships and Tutorships, showing the duties which are required of each Instruc- ter, or may be required of him consistently with the terms of the original foundation, or with the contract made between him and the University. No. III. contains the Answers of the Immediate Government to a series of questions proposed by the Committee with the view of ascertaining and exhibiting REPORT. V the present organizatk)n of the Government and the practical effects of that organization, the course of in- struction and modes of discipline, the duties performed by the College officers, the conduct and proficiency of the Students, the necessary expenses of education, the changes which have taken place in these respects during the last twenty years, and such further particulars in relation to the condition of the University in ail its de- partments, as would enable the Overseers to form a satis- factory opinion of the application and probable eftect of the various alterations which had been, or might be sug- gested. The answers of the several Instructers to a circular letter of the Committee, requesting an account from each of the instruction given by him to the different classes, and of their progress, are also herewith sub- mitted ; but it has not been thought necessary to print them, since the facts stated in them, so far as they were called for by the Board, or relate to the amendments proposed, are presented in a condensed and convenient form, in the two documents last mentioned. With a view to the performance of the further duties assigned them, that of recommending such specifick reo-u- lations as they should deem expedient, and that of pre- paring a code of College Laws in a simple and brief form, including those regulations; the Committee com- municated to each of the Instructers their intention of asking a personal interview with him after recelviiio his answer to their letter. Their object was to enter into a free discussion of the measures to be proposed, with those, whose situation and experience enabled them to ascertain with the most accuracy the nature and extent of existing evils, and to suggest the most appropriate VI REPORT. and effectual remedies. On learning afterwards, how- ever, that the Immediate Government had been for some time engaged, at the request of the Corporation, in pre- paring a new code of laws, as a manual for the use of the Students, intended to embrace all the specifick regu- ulations, which they should think it expedient to adopt at present, the Committee determined to postpone any further proceedings in relation to this subject, until the Report of the Government should be completed. This is now done, and the contemplated code has been laid before the Corporation, by whom it has been recently transmitted to this Committee with the information, that it is substantially approved by that body, though it has not yet been acted upon definitively. No. IV. exhibits this Code, and the Committee respect- fully submit the following remarks on the principal pro- visions, which it proposes to introduce. 1. In the organization of the Immediate Government it contemplates no essential change, only recommending that it be authorized to appoint Committees of its own members, with power to inflict any punishment below suspension. It appears from the answers of the Government, that the practical evils resulting from its present organization are principally such as are ascribed to its numerousness ; that it has never contained more than thirteen members, and now^ consists of only ten ; and that they have no desire for such change, but are of opinion that it is not expedient, though the appointment of committees in the manner proposed is deemed by them worthy of experi- ment. In this opinion the Committee entirely concur with the Government. REPORT. VII 2. By this code the Immediate Government is required to take the general state of the College into frequent consideration, and to propose to the Corporation any laws and measures, by which, in their judgment, the system of instruction and discipline may be improved. It seems to the Committee peculiarly proper that the duty of suggesting a remedy for any evils or abuses, which may arise, should be assigned to those, who from their situation must be the first to perceive them ; whh the understanding, however, that this provision does not confer on them any exclusive authority to originate law^s, or restrain the Corporation or this Board from proposing and establishing any regulation, which they may deem expedient. 3. Authority is also given to the Immediate Govern- ment to regulate the arrangement of the prescribed du- ties of the Instructers, the times and modes of recita- tion, the classification of the Students, and in general the methods of instruction, subject in like manner to the direction and control of the Corporation and Overseers ; a provision, the adoption of which would evince only a just and proper confidence, on the part of this Board, in the officers of the College. 4. It is proposed that the several punishments which may be inflicted, and the offences which subject a stu- dent to any of them being defined, it shall be left to the discretion of the Immediate Government to determine the mode and degree of punishment in every instance, according to the circumstances of the case. As this Government exercises an authority merely paternal, and the object of their discipline is simply to preserve order and decorum within the society itself, the most severe punishment being expulsion from it, there appears viii REPORT. nothing unreasonable in their possessing this authority. Indeed it is now necessarily exercised to a considerable extent, and under the constant inspection and control of the Overseers and the Corporation, no apprehension need be entertained of its abuse. 5. It is designed to abandon the practice of imposing fines as an ordinary punishment. They are still enume- rated however among the punishments which may be inflicted, but are to be applied only in such cases as may seem peculiarly to require them. 6. In case of suspension it is proposed, as one mode, that the student may be placed under private instruc- tion, provided for the purpose in the town of Cambridge, and be subjected to the strictest discipline. 7. Every quarter bill of each Student is to be accom- panied by a statement, from the Records, of every mark of approbation or distinction he has received in the quar- ter, and of every punishment or censure he has incurred, of all his absences from exercises, lectures, and publick worship, and his irierit as a scholar, with any other in- formation, which in the opinion of the Government will be useful to the parents ; and a copy of the quarter bill and of this statement is to be sent to the parent or guardian. 8. It is not proposed in this code to make any change in the vacations ; but all Students from a distance who remain at College in vacation, and whose parents re- quest it, are to have duties assigned them, and exercises to be performed to some officer appointed for the pur- pose. The Committee are decidedly of opinion that this provision ought not to be confined to Students from a distance, but extended to all, whose parents shall re- quest it, wherever they reside. REPORT. ' IX 9. Instead of the annual examinations of the several classes, each class is to be examined at the time it has finished a particular book, or particular branch of study ; and in order to this, instead of the usual committees for an annual examination, it is proposed that several com- mittees be appointed by the Board of Overseers, of per- sons conversant with the particular studies, either frorai their own body, or the community at large, and that the Committee be requested to mark by numbers their esti- mate of the relative merit of the students as it appears on the examination, which estimate shall be taken into consideration in forming the next scale of merit. The Committee are also to state in their report to this Board their opinion of the thoroughness and exactness with which the book or branch of study has been learned, and to mention by name those students who have distinguish- ed themselves by the excellence of their performance. This mode of examination is obviously superior to that now in use ; and as it is recommended by the Immedi- ate Government, the Committee cannot buf deem it worthy of trial. 10. The Students are to have the option of boarding in Commons or not, but not to be permitted to board in any house which is not expressly licensed by the Gov- ernment. 11. The necessary expenses of education are to be diminished by reducing the estimate of the College bills from two hundred and thirty-four dollars to one hundred and seventy- five dollars per annum, for foreign students, and from two hundred and twenty-eight dollars to one hundred and sixty-nine dollars, for home students. This change is principally effected b^ lowering the price of board in Commons from ^2.50 to ^1.75 per week. .2 X REPORT. The expense of wood, however, for which the sum of twenty dollars was allowed in the former estimates, is not included in the present, the occupants of each room being charged with the quantity actually consumed by them, which varies with their habits of economy. The Committee have no further remark to make on these various provisions, than that with the modification above mentioned, they approve them all ; some as obvi- ously and unquestionably improvements, and some as proper subjects of experiment. It does not seem necessary at this time to consider their application and effect more minutely, as it is to be expected that those which are not entirely disapproved by this Board, will, after undergoing such modifications as the Corporation may think fit, be again presented to it for its ratification. The industry of the Immediate Government has left little to be done by the Committee, who have only two additional regulations for the government of the Stu- dents to propose, which are now submitted to the con- sideration of the Board. 1. That the practice of permitting all the Students to leave Cambridge on Saturday by a standing rule, be discontinued, and that Lectures or other exercises be assigned on the afternoon of that day as on others. 2. That in subdividing the classes for the conven- ience of recitation in any department, regard be had to the proficiency of the students in that department, and that each subdivision be carried forward as fast as can be done consistently with a thorough knowledge of the subjects of their studies. Having thus performed the various duties assigned them with regard to the internal regulations of the Uni- REPORT. XI versity, the Committee are fmther induced by a deep sense of the importance of making this Board an active and efficient agent in the concerns of the College, to recommend the adoption of certain rules for the govern- ment of its proceedings, which are designed to enable the Overseers to exert with intelligence and efficiency that control over the Institution, which, by the Constitution and Laws of this Commonwealth, it is at once their right and their duty to exercise. In order that the ope- ration of the rules proposed may be distinctly under- stood, it may be expedient to state some of the regula- tions already established. It is provided by a standing vote of the Overseers, that besides the meeting on Commencement day, there shall be two meetings of this Board at Cambridge an- nually, one on the first Tuesday in May, and the other on the fourth Tuesday in October. At these meetings the Record of the proceedings since the last stated meet- ing is read, and at each a Committee is appointed to examine the University, to inquire into its state, and as- certain what may tend to increase its reputation and use- fulness. This Committee attend an exhibition at Cam- bridge, confer with the Instructers, and receive a written Report on the State of the College from the Immediate Government, which is submitted, together with their own Report, to this Board, at the next stated meeting. At the meeting in May, Committees are also appointed to examine the several classes, a Committee to join a Committee of the Corporation to examine the Library, Philosophical Apparatus, Medical Rooms, Cabinet, and Museum, and a Committee to examine the Treasurer's accounts ; all which Committees are required to make written reports at the next stated meeting of the Board ^u REPORT. TJiese rules were originally designed and are well adapted to render the Overseers thoroughly acquainted with the condition, interests, and wants of the College ; but their successful operation has been prevented by the circumstance that the semiannual meetings are holden at times when it is inconvenient, if not impracticable, for a majority of the members to be present. For the pur- pose of obviating this difficulty, and giving complete ef- fect to the regulations above mentioned, the Committee recommend the adoption of the following standing rules. Ordered I. That the semiannual meetings of this Board shall hereafter be holden in Boston, on the second Thursday of each of the regular sessions of the Legisla- ture, and, with the permission of the Senate, in the Sen- ate Chamber. Ordered II. That in addition to the reports now re- quired, there shall be laid before the Board at its meet- ing in January, a statement of the expenses of the in- stitution during the preceding College year, and an es- timate of its expenses for the next year. Ordered III. That no election of a Member of this Board shall be made, nor shall the appointment of any Member of the Corporation, or of a permanent Professor, be ratified by this Board, excepting at a meeting holden in Boston, during some session of the Legislature. All which is respectfully submitted. By order of the Committee, JOHN LOWELL, Chairman. HARVARD COLLEGE, DEC. 6, 1824, To John Lowell, Esq. Chairman of the Committee of the Overseers. I duly received your communication in behalf of the Committee of the Overseers addressed to the Corporation, re- questing an account of the Property of the University, its sources, and its application ; and also a view of the Foundations and Statutes of Professorships, so far as to show what duties are or may be required of each Professor, and under what conditions and en- gagements he receives his compensation. The Corporation took great pleasure in complying with this call of the Overseers by their Committee, and instructed the President and Treasurer to give the information desired in the fullest manner in their power. In regard to the object first mentioned, viz. the Funds and Ap- propriations, the Treasurer's Statement, No. I., it is presumed, will meet the wishes of the Committee. In relation to the second head of inquiry, I transmit. No. II., copies of Wills and Statutes of Founders, and of Statutes and Rules of the University, accompanied by such historical and ex- planatory remarks as seemed requisite, and followed by a general view of the duties performed by the Professors in pursuance of the conditions of their respective foundations, with the names of past and present incumbents, and the date of their appointment to office and retirement from it. I have subjoined notices res- pecting the duties and tenure of office of the other persons con- cerned in instruction or government, not placed on permanent foun- dations, and cited several general regulations appertaining to all the officers. Further details as to the duties of the Professors and the Instructers, particularly the number and order of lessons, exercises, and lectures, and the time they occupy, may be seen in the An- swers to the Questions 6 and 7, No. III., and in the Appendix to that document, marked (B.) The Officers of the University composing the Immediate Gov- ernment of the institution, were honoured with your letter of XIV LETTER OF THE PRESIDENT. Oct. 16, accompanied by a series of Questions, which they were requested to answer. They forthwith appointed a Committee to prepare and report for the consideration of the Board replies as full as the time might admit. The Answers herewith com- municated, No. III., have been submitted to the members of the Immediate Government at several meetings ; and have been ap- proved by them as containing the facts within their knowledge, and expressing their general views, relative to the subjects proposed. No. IV., the last of the documents herewith transmitted, is a revised Code of the College Laws. This, having been prepared at the instance of the Corporation, was laid before that Board, and after a few alterations and additions, passed again under the con- sideration of the Immediate Government. It is presented as being approved in all its important features by the Corpora- tion, though not definitively acted on by that Body. In revising this Code the Government have forborne to introduce changes, on the expediency of which the Instructers were not generally prepared to express a decided opinion. If the Code in its present form shall go into effect, the provisions of law 3, Chap. I. and law 2, Chap. IV. will require the Immediate Government to di- rect their attention to other measures for the improvement of the system of instruction and discipline. Respectfully submitted in behalf of the Corporation and Im- mediate Government, by JOHN T. KIRKLAND, President. No. I. STATEMENT OF THE TREASURER OP HARVABD COXiEiEeE. BOSTON, Dec. ll, 1824. Sir, The accompanying Abstracts will, I hope, meet the inquiries proposed by the Committee of the Board of Overseers relative to the funds of the University, its expenditure, and income. Schedule (A) states the salaries and emoluments of all the officers of ihe University for the current year, commencing July 1st. (6j is an Abstract of the Appropriations or the sums payable on the appropriations for the same year, reckoning interest at six per cent, per annum, on the appropriations on interest, and the rents and an- nuities of that character as they actually stand. (C) is an exhibit of the same appropriations in another form, being an arrangement of them under distinct heads. (D) is a view of the estimated expenditures for the year, including of course, the amounts in Schedule (A) and (B), with other necessary disbursements. (E) is an estimate of Income. (F) brings the materials of the respective Abstracts into one gen- eral account. For the purpose of presenting an exact view of the appropriations, as also to make a just mention of the honoured names of College benefactors, a note is added in reference to Schedule (B), exhibiting the ingredients of two general accounts in the Abstract of Appropri- ations. There will thus be found, it is presumed, as full information on the several heads of inquiry as may be desired. The amount stated for Repairs and Occasional Expenses is the result of an average of these accounts for thirteen years, and may be considered as a fair estimate of what will probably be annually required for these pur- poses. Some reductions may be effected, but it is not probable that there can be any considerable diminution in the expenditures includ- ed under these heads. It will be observed, that the amount estimat- ed for these objects is the balance payable by the University, after deducting the assessments on the students for Repairs and Occasional Expenses. The sums stated as accruing from assessments are derived from the accounts of the University for the four last quarters, and the amount will, of course, be reduced by any diminution of the number of Students. It should be considered also, that it is difficult to make satisfactory investments at six per cent. ; and when the sums now on loan at that rate shall be repaid, v/e cannot expect to make eligible reinvestments, probably at a higher rate than five per cent, per an- num. From these considerations there is reason to apprehend, that instead of the small balance appearing to the credit of the University in the general account of Income and Expenditure, there may be a real deficit, on the present scale of expenditure. The Corporation 4 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [L have directed their attention with solicitude to this subject. Among other views, suggested by the pecuniary state of the Institution, the rate of interest on the appropriations cannot escape consideration. It would seem not reasonable to expect, that the University, in refer- ence to those trusts, should continue to allow a higher rate of interest than accrues on an average from its investments. A just and proper arrangement, in this particular, may be expected, producing a reduc- tion of interest, in instances wherein it will not militate with special agreements or conditions attending any of the legacies or donations. The Committee will observe, that the account of income exhibits all the productive property of the University. There is a large amount of property in lands, library, and apparatus, from which no income is derived. Property of this description does not appear on the Treasury books, excepting that disbursements on their account are passed to the debit of occasional expenses, and under that account or some other are finally carried to the account of Profit and Loss» There are also about twenty-seven thousand acres of land in the State of Maine, given by the late Samuel Parkman, Esq. for the " support of a Professor of Theology," principally for the instruction of Graduates, and some other unsettled lands of small value in the same state, parts of old grants or reservations, which are directed to be sold as accept- able offers may present. Should any additional explanations or exhibits be thought neces- sary, for the purposes of the Committee, they will be furnished on request. I remain, sir, respectfully Your obedient servant, J, DAVIS, Treas. Ear, Col John Lowell, Esq. Chairman of a Committee of the Overseers of Harvard College. (A) Salaries of the Officers of Harvard University. Estimate for the College year^ commencing 1 July, A. D. 1824. Rev. John T. Kirkland, LL. D. President, Salary $2250 Grant 300 - - - |2550 Income of Rev. T. Colton^s legacy - 8 40 2558 40 In addition, fee for Degrees, from candidates for de- gree of A. B. and A. M. ; also use of President's house and appurtenances. Rev. Henry Ware, D. D. HoUis Professor of Divinity, Salary $1500 Grant 200 As Registrar - - - - 150 Chapel Services - - - 150 Income of Mason Legacy, average 23 2023 00 Hon. Isaac Parker, LL. D. Royall Professor of Law 400 Levi Hedge, LL. D. College Professor of Logick and Metaphysicks, Salary 1500 Grant 200 As Inspector of College buildings 150 1850 Rev. John S. Popkin, College Professor of Greek, Salary $1500. Grant $200 - - IfOO Hon. Asahel Stearns, A. M. University Professor of Law, no salary, $100 per annum from each Student, average annual amount about - - - _ 870 $9401 40 6 tJOLLKGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. (A) continued. Amount brought over $9401 40 Sidney Willrird, A.M. Hancock Prof, of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages. Salary .flTjOO. Grant $200 1700 John Farrar, A. M. Hollis Professor of Mathematicks and Nat. Phil. Salary $1500. Grant $200 - - 1700 Andrews Norton, A. M. Dexter Professor of Sacred Lit- erature. Salary ------- 1040 George Ticknor, A. M. Smith Prof, of French and Span- ish Languages and Literature and Prof, of Belles Lettres. Salary 1000 Edward T. Channiiig, A. M. Boylston Prof, of Rhetorick and Oratory. Salary and Grant - _ - 170O Rev. Edward Everett, A. M. P. D. Eliot Prof, of Greek Literature. Salary and Grant - - - - 17OO Charles Folsom, A. M. Librarian. Salary - - 300 Rev. George Otis, A. M. Tutor in Latin - - - 800 James Hay ward, A. M. Tutor in Mathemat. and Nat. Phil. 800 John Fcssenden, A. M. Regent - - - - 240 Two Proctors at $150 each 300 John Porter, A. M. Assistant Librarian - - - 300 Francis Sales, lustructer in French and Spanish - 1000 21981 40 Medical Professors, 8fc. .tames Jackson M. D. Hersey Prof, of Theo. and Prac. of Physick . - - - 500 John C. Warren M. D. Hersey Prof, of Anatomy and Surgery 700 John Gorham, M. D. Erving Prof, of Chem- istry 200 Jacob Bigelow, Rumford Prof, and Prof, of Mat. Med. 1009 76 John W. Webster, Lecturer on Chemistry and Mineralog}^, and expenditures - - 800 John Davis, Treasurer. Salary - - 720 Allowance from Hollis appropriation for Professor, Tutors, &c. - - - 31 20 From Sarah Winslow's Donation - - 6 84 Stephen Higginson, Jr. Esq. Steward, Salary 1250 Commissions on Wood, annual average 250 3209 76 758 04 1500 $27449 20 I.J COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 7 (A) continued. Amount brought over $27449 20 Rev. J. Pierce, D. D. Secretary of Overseers - - 60 Extra instruction, say 500 Janitor, wages and board ----- 2/5 Gallery money. Rev. Dr. Holmes _ - - - yo $28354 20 This schedule comprehends all the College Officers, excepting Monitors and University Freshmen, included in the account of Occa- sional Expenses, the annual average of which will be given in an- other paper. Mr. Nuttall's salary as Curator of the Botanic Garden and Lecturer, is paid from the funds of that Institution. His salary is $500 per annum. For Schedule of Appropriations applicable to payment of the above, see the other side. 8 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. (A) continued. Income of Appropriations applicable to payment of Salaries, From Fund for Permanent Tutors, half Prof. Hedge's Salary $850 00 From appropriation for Professors and Tutors, and Treasurer. Income of sundry legacies 735 60 Nicholas Boylston's Legacy for Professorship of Oratory. Income - - - - l6l928 Cotton Legacy for President - - - 8 40 Royall Legacy, part to Prof. Parker $400 Balance for Medical School - 45 40 445 40 Other Medical legacies - - - - 1185 63 From Dexter Legacy, part of Prof. Norton's Salary - - - $300 00 From Theological Institution - - 740 1040 00 A. Smith's Legacy, To Professor Ticknor - - $1000 Balance to Mr. Sales - - - 418 56 1418 56 Eliot Legacy. Professor Everett - - 1200 Rumford Legacy. Income to Professor Bigelow 1009 76 From S Winslow's Donation for the Treasurer 6 84 Income of Jonathan Mason's Legacy, to Rev. Prof. Ware 23 From Penoyer Fund for Assistant Librarian 100 Flynt's Legacy, Tutors - - - - -18 66 9661 13 Balance payable from other funds .- - 18693 07 $28354 20 J. DAVIS, Treas. Har. Col I.] COLLEGE TREASURER'S STATEMENT. B (B) Appropriations which the funds and receipts of Har^ vard College are to satisfy for the College year^ commencing 1 July, 1824. No. 1 Fund for Permanent Tutors from the annuity of West Boston Bridge, and interest ^520 94 2 Appropriations for Professors and Treasurer [sundry ancient legacies consolidated] - - _ _ 735 60 3 Exhibitions [a consolidated account from several small legacies] __--.«. 4 Dorchester lands, [sold and invested] - - - 5 Joanna Alford's legacy. [Income for indigent schol- ars] -------- 6 Nicholas Boylston's legacy [for Professorship of Oratory -------- 7 James Bowdoin's legacy, [prizes for composition] 8 Rev. Thomas Cotton, Do. [to the President] 9 Paul Dudley's legacy, [annual lecture] - - - 10 Henry Flynt's legacy, [Tutors] - - - - 11 Edward Hopkins' donation, [books to deserving scholars] -------- 12 Thomas HoUis' legacy [for library] - - - 13 Thomas Hollis' donation [for indigent scholars] 14 Jonathan Mason's legacy, [Professor of Divinity] 15 Isaac RoyalPs legacy, [Law Professor and Medical Professorships] ------ 16 Mary SaltonstalPs legacy, [indigent scholars] 17 Samuel Shapleigh's legacy, [library] - - - 18 Rev. Daniel Williams' legacy, [Indian Missionaries] 19 Mary Lindall's legacy, [indigent scholars] 20 Samuel Eliot's legacy, [Professorship of Greek Lan- guage and Literature] - - - - - 21 John Alford's legacy, [Prof, of Natural Religion and Ethicks] - - - - - 22 Nathaniel Hollis' legacy, [indigent scholars] - 23 William Penoyer's legacy, [Penoyer Fellows and Scholars] - - - - - 150 20 24 Narraganset Farm, [proceeds of wood sold, income to scholars] ----- 86 05 25 Senior's Exhibition, [from gift of $1200 by an un- known benefactor] - - - - 72 00 381 00 54 rs . 30 1619 28 150 8 40 26 66 18 66 13 34 180 160 80 23 445 40 156 180 780 20 1200 1445 23 40 Amount carried over - .f 8480 46 1009 76r 2400 350 100 200 218 3& 477 12 100 90 15 33 10 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [L (B) continued. Amount brought over $8480 46 26 Abiel Smith's legacy, [Professor of French and Span- ish Languages] - . _ _ 141 g 55 27 Count Rumford's legacy, [Rumford Professorship on the Arts, &c.] - _ _ _ 28 Theological Institution [for Theological Education] 29 Samuel Dexter's legacy, [Biblical Criticism and Lite- rature] _ - . - _ 30 John Cumming's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 31 William Erving's legacy, [Chemical Pr(.>fessorship] 32 Sarah Derby's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 33 Ezekiel Hersey's legacy, [Professor of Anatomy] 34 Abner Hersey's legacy, [Professor of Physick and Surgery] - . . _ _ 35 Esther Sprague's legacy, [Professor of Physick] 36 Ward N. Boylston's donation - - _ 37 Ward N. Boylston's Fund [for Anatomical Museum, &c.] 195 38 Panorama of Athens, [from Professor Everett's lec- ture in Boston] - - - - 18 71 39 Sarah Winslow's donation, [in trust for Tyngsborough minister and school, and $6 84 to the Treasurer] 273 50 |15364 62 The above are sUch appropriations as the interest account is chargeable with. Add other appropria- tions from rents, annuities, and other receipts esti- mated as follows, viz : 40 Rent of Dorchester marsh, [indigent schol- ars] - - - - f 10 41 Do. Narraganset farm, [indigent scholars] 140 42 Do. of Estate in Newburyport, [devise of T. Cary, Theological Institution] - 40 43 Ward N. Boylston's annuity, [Medical Prizes] 100 44 Ward N. Boylston's annuity [for Elocution] 60 45 Nudigates annuity, [indigent scholars] 16 66 46 Annuity from West Boston Bridge, [for Per- manent Tutors] - - - 666 66 47 From E. Hopkins' trust [for books to scholars] 70 48 Penoyer rent from England, [2 Fellows, 2 Scholars] - - - - 249 80 49 E. Hopkins' trust [for Theological Students] 700 50 Subscribers to the Theological Institution, estimate of annual receipts - - 250 2303 12 Total amount - - ^17667 74 I.] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. ll Note to Abstract (B.) No. 2. The Appropriations for Professors , 8fc. is an aggregate ac* count, raised by Treasurer Storer, including several legacies and donations for the objects expressed in the account, viz. For Professor of Divinity, James Townshend's legacy, 1738 - Thomas Hutchinson's legacy, 1739 - - - Half of Thomas Hollis' donation for Professors of Di- vinity and Mathematicks _ - _ _ Half of D. Henchman's donation, 1742 and 1758, for the same objects ------- Half of William Dummer's legacy for the same objects, 1761 - - - ^1104 13 For Professor of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy. William Brattle's legacy - - - .£156 Half of Hollis and Henchman's donations, and of Dummer legacy, above mentioned 914 13 4 £120 00 - 70 782 66 6G 13 4 1070 13 4 For Professor of Oriental Languages. Stephen Se wall's legacy, 1762 - - £13 6 Thomas Hancock's legacy, 1764 - - 1333 6 ■1346 13 4 For the Treasurer. Thomas Hollis' donation - - - 156 Equal to $12,260. £3678 Annual amount of interest as in Abstract (B) $7^^ 60. Mr. Hollis' various donations were between 1719 and 1726. No 3, in the same abstract, entitled Exhibitions, is also a consoli- dated account of early standing, and is composed of sundry legacies and donations for the aid of indigent and meritorous students, with an addition from West Boston Bridge Annuity, viz. 12 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. Note to Abstract (B), continued. 1650 Robert Ke}/ lie's legacy From Do. lands sold 1687 William Browne's legacy 17O8 Benjamin Browne's Do. 1716 Major William Browne's Do. 1717 Rev. William Brattle's Do. - 1720 Samuel Browne's Do. 1722 Henry Gibbs' Do. 1723 Ephraim Flynt's Do. 1724 Samuel Danforth, lands sold in 1764 1725 Ann Mill's legacy - - - 1733 Dorothy Saltonstall's Do. 1736 Thomas Fitch's Do. - 1737 President Wadsworth's Do. 1737 John Eliery's Do. 1743 President Holj^oke's donation, and legacy in 1769 1760 Henry Flynt's legacy 1765 Rev. Dr. Sewail's donation 1771 Rev. Dr. Appleton's Do. 1785 His legacy Equal to - - - #5016 66 £1505 Two years' annuity from West Boston, Bridge added May 1796 - 1333 34 c£lOO 160 260 - 100 - 200 - 66 • 166 10 _ 162 - 46 10 - 45 . 100 . 21 . 69 » 75 - 27 40 n 1769 36 - 15 _ 20 ^30 26 56 Amount of the fund - - #6350 00 Annual interest as in the Abstract of Appropriations #381. No. 12. Thomas Hoilis^ legacy for library refers to a legacy given by Thomas Hoi is, the younger, of Lincoln's Inn, w^ho died in 1774. The sum bequeathed was c^'500 sterling, and was received by Mr. Treasurer Storer, in November 1781. In April 1805, $777 78, unexpended interest, was added to the capital, making the amount #3000, as it now is. Annual interest as in the Schedule, #180. The several legacies and donations, of a date earlier than 1750, formerly stood at a knver estivnate in the College books, than is ex- pressed in this specification, and below their original value. In 1791, they were raised to their true value determined by the price of silver at the time when they weie given, for which purpose Mr. Treasurer Storer, assisted by President W iliard, made an accurate calculation, which was approved and adopted by the Corporation. 'Ihe sums above stated and other legacies and donations, accruing in times subjecting them to the reduced estimate which had been made, all now stand according to the calculation made in 1791, which gives their true value. I.] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT* 13 (C) An analysis of the Appropriations exhibiting the sev- eral objects in a collected vieiv. (a) Applied to the payment of Salaries and compensations of College Officer s^ No. 1 $520 94, and part of No. 46, |329 06 - 2 Appropriations for Professors, &c. - 6 Eoylston legacy - - - _ 8 Cotton Do. 10 Flynt Do. _ - - * _ 14 Mason Do. 15 Rovall Do. 20 Elot Do. 23 Penoyer [to Assistant Librarian] 26 Smith legacy 27 Rumford Do. 28 Theological Institution - . - 29 Dexter legacy - - 30 Cummings Do. - - - - - 31 Erving Do. - - - _ _ 32 Derby Do - S3 E. Hersey Do. 34 A. Hersey Do. . - - - « 35 E. Sprague Do. - - - - 49 S. Winslow's donation for Treasurer (b) Exhibitions, or alloicances to indigent and merito7'ious scholars, according to the terms of the bequests or donations. 3 Exhibitions, [income of sundry legacies] 4 Dorchester lands _ - _ _ 5 Joanna Alford's donation - - - 13 T. Hollis' .ionation - - - - 16 M. Saltonstall's legacy, [in part] 19 M. Lindall Do. 12 N. Hollis' legacy 24 Narraganset farm from notes 25 Seniors' exhibition - - - - 40 Dorchester marsh - - _ _ 41 Rent of Narraganset farm - - . 45 Nudigates annuity - - - . 48 Penoyer rent . - _ - _ 23 Balance, deducting amount from this fund given to Assistant Librarian Amount carried over ^10961 77 $850 00 7S5 60 1619 28 8 40 18 Q>6 23 445 40 1200 100 1418 56 1009 7^ 740 300 100 200 218 S6 477 12 100 90 15 6 84 — 9661 13 $381 00 > 54 73 30 160 80 106 20 23 40 86 05 72 10 140 i^ 16 m 149 80 50 20 ___ 1 ^C\C\ f.A ^— loUU 04 14 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. (C) continued. Amount brought over $10961 1(7 (c) Books to Undergraduates (called Deturs) No. 11, f 13 34. No.4r, |70 - - - 83 34 (d) Prizes for Medical Essays, No. 43 - f 100 For Elocution, No. 44 - - 60 For Composition, No. 7 - - 150 (e) Library. No. 12. Hollis legacy - - $180 17- Shapleigh legacy - 180 310 360 00 (f) Dexter legacy for Biblical Criticism, No. 29, deducting $300 toward Professor Norton's salary ----._ 50 (g) Anatomical Museum, &c. No. 37. Interest of the fund - $195 33. Annually carried to this account S3 228 C^J Panorama of Athens, No. 38 - - - 18 71 (i) Dudleian lecture, No. 9 . . - 26 66 (k) Theological Institution, No. 28 - 2400 Deduct for Theological School 400 Towards Professor Norton's salary 740 For Books for Theological School 150 1290 1110 Add No. 42, rent Newburyport estate 40 1150 00 (T) Fund for Permanent Tutors, balance No. 46 - 337 60 (m) Alford legacy. Prof, of Nat. Religion, &c. an accumulation to principal [Professor- ship vacant] - - _ _ 1445 (n) Theological School, From No. 28 for Students - - $400 From Do. for books - - - 150 No. 49, from Hopkins trust - - 700 From No. 48, Penoyer fund - 100 No. 50, collections per estimate -^ 250 No. 16, balance - - - - 50 165Q (0) Sarah Winslow's donation - - - 273 50 Deduct for Treasurer - - - 6 84 266 m Half balance to Tyngsborough minister ^ _^^ ^^ Half Do. to Tyngsborough school 5 ' " ^^^ ^^ Amount carried up $16887 74 I.] COLLEGE treasurers' STATEMENT. 15 (C) continued. Amount brought up $1688/ 74 (p) Rev. Daniel Williams' legacy. To Rev. P. Fish, missionary at Marshpee $520 To Rev. F. Baylies, missionary and school- , master, Martha'3 Vineyard - - 260 780 $i7m 74 16 COLLEGE TREASURER*S STATEMENT. [I. (D) Estimate of Expenditures of Harvard College for College year^ commencing 1 July^ 1824. To satisfy appropriations, as per schedules (B)and(C) $17667 7^ To salaries and compensations of College Officers, as per schedule (A) - $28354 20 Deduct appropriations applicable to that account, as per abstract (C) (a) - 966l 13 To repairs, annual average of 13 years To occasional expenses, Do. of 13 years Mrs. Williams' dower, estate in Cambridge Allowance to Botanick Garden - - - Theological School, as by President's esti- mate, viz. 12 Students, $130 each Books for Do. . - - . 1710 Deduct appropriations to these objects, as per schedule (C) (w) - - - 1650 2818 27 2167 28 60 200 1560 150 - 18693 07 5245 5§ Deficit Allowances to indigent Students — a substi- tute for waitershipsy as by President's estimate - - - - - 1000 00 When the price of tuition was raised in 1811, 25 per cent., it was provided, that allow- ances should be made to assist indigent Students equivalent, or nearly equivalent, to the addition, which the annuity from the Commonwealth enabled the College to afford ; to meet this object would re- quire per annum, as by President's es- timate, about _ - _ _ 750 00 1750 00 Hare's Deflagrator to be purchased for chem- ical apparatus - - - - - - - 150 Other expenses for library and apparatus, estimated at------- 500 $44066 36 L] COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 17 (E) Estimate of Income of Harvard College for the year commencing July 1, 1824. Interest on 7 per cent, stock, capital $33630, interest |2354 10 On 6 per cent. Do. $63637 90^, int. 3818 27 6172 37 This estimate has reference to the state of the College funds on July 1, last. The 7 per cent, stock has been since that time reimbursed in part, and in part sold ; the proceeds invested at 5 per cent. Deduct therefore from the above inter- est 2 per cent, on amount of 7 per cent, stock* 672 60 5499 77 Add interest on cash on hand $3003 67, on 1 July, since invested at 5 per cent. 150 18 jnterest on $9 08 advance, received for part of ] r per cent, stock sold 54 Bank Stock.- —New England Bank |20000 00 State Bank 1200 Boston Bank 11625 Union Bank 400 Massachusetts Bank - 9750 49 >75 00 Dividends estimated at 5 per cent. . - - 2148 75 Bonds and Notes on 1 July - - $114258 01 Deduct doubtful notes on which interest is not expected, viz. Cambridge and Con- cord turnpike - - $2596 93 Other notes - - - - 6lO At 5 per cent. $10400, interest 520 At 6 per cent. $100651 08 6039 06 3206 93 111051 08 18 West Boston Bridge shares, dividends es- timated at ---_... 45Q 2 shares in Charles River Bridge, Do Do. - - 250 1 Middlesex Canal share. Do. Do. _ - . . 10 6559 06 Amount from stocks, bonds, and notes - $15068 30 * See note at the end of Abstract (E). 18 COLLEGE TUEASURER's STATEMENT. [I. (E) continued. Amount brought over - $15068 30 Rents unappropriated, exclusive of College rents assessed on scholars. Hayward pasture, Watertown - $60 Coggan's marsh, Chelsea - - - 70 Waltham Farm, called Rogers' Farm 200 Pew in Waltham meeting-house - 9 130 00 209 Ward's Island, near Hingham - - - 50 Estate in Cornhill, Boston, house - 550 2 Shops, $400 each - - - - 800 House (same lot) in Devonshire street 300 Houses in Cambridge, viz. No. 1, tenant Mr. Dana - - l60 Manning House, Stimpson - - 180 Danforth House, Reed and King 90 -Kidder House, Dana and Goodnow 120 Wigglesworth House, Spaulding 240 Lee House, Patten - - -75 Boardman House, Plympton - 224 Sewall House, Prof. Hedge - - l60 Janitor's House, Picket - - 35 Printing Office, Hilliard and Metcalf 287 160O #i5ri College Pasture, Stearns, &c. $50 Pound Lot, Rev. Dr. Holmes 20 — 70 1641 Income of Wharf in Cambridge, esti- mated at ----- 80 Income from real estate 3710 00 Sundry Annuities and Miscellaneous receipts, viz. Glover's annuity from estate in Boston Annuity from Charles River Bridge College Sloop, earnings estimated Printing Establishment, 6 per cent, on capital - - - - - Fees for Degrees - - - - Admissions to advanced standing Amount carried up $21221 62 16 66 666 66 180 300 280 1000 2443 32 I.] GOLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. 19 (E) continued. Amount brought up - |21221 62 Sundry appropriated rents and annuities speci- fied in schedule (B), from No. 40 to 50, in- clusively. Amount ----- 2303 12 Assessments on Scholars, viz. College rents 2549 75 for Steward and Commons establishment, exclusive of board - - - 2921 66 Steward's commission on Wood, added to the price 250 00 For Instruction and Librarian - - 15710 21431 41 Total amount of Income - - ^44956 15 Note. Interest v/as received on the 7 per cent Stock, to October 1st. The reduction of income, therefore, from the extinction of that Stock, and an investment of the proceeds at 5 per cent, per annum, is, for the present College year, ^168 15 less than the sum Baentioned in the estimate. That sura, $672 60, expresses the actual annual diminutioa frova the first day of October last. 20 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. (F) Dr. Account of Income and Expenditure of Harvard To the Appropriations, as per Abstracts (B) and (C) $17667 74 To Balance 5857 To amount of salaries and compensation of College Officers beyond the appropriations applicable to that account, as per abstracts (A) and (D) - To annual average of Repairs - - - To Do. Do. Occasional Expenses - - - To sum payable Mrs. Williams for dower To annual allowance for Botanick Garden - To deficit in appropriations for Theological School - Allowances to Indigent Students, as per Presi- dent's estimate 4' 1000 Ditto as per Schedule (D) - - - 750 To Chemical Apparatus . - _ - - To Library and Philosophical Apparatus - To Balance There is the same result from the more sim- ple process of deducting from the amount of Abstract (E) the income - - $44956 15 The amount of Abstract (D), the expendi- tures ..---- 44066 36 $23524 74 18693 07 2818 27 2167 28 60 200 60 1750 - 150 500 $26393 62 889 79 $27288 41 $889 79 I.] COLLEGE treasurers' STATEMENT. 21 College for the year, commencing July 1, 1824. Cr. By interest and dividends on Stocks, Bonds, and Notes, as by Abstract (E) |15068 SO By rents unappropriated, per same abstract, (p. 18) 3710 By sundry annuities, &c. unappropriated, same ab- stract, (p. 18) 2443 32 By appropriated rents and annuities, as in same sched- ule, (p. 10), and in Abstract (B), particularly spe- cified - 2303 12 |23524 74 By Balance amount of income from the above sources beyond the appropriations - - - - 5857 ®0 By assessments in quarter bills, viz. For rent of College rooms - - $2549 7S For Steward and Commons establishment, exclusive of board - - _ 2921 66 By Steward's commission on Wood, added to the price 250 For Instruction and Librarian, including com- pensation to Professor Stearns - 15710 21431 41 $27288 41 By Balance, Income beyond the appropriations and other expenses estimated - - - , - 894 79 December 11, 1824. J. DAVIS, Treas, Har. Cat 22 COLLEGE treasurer's STATEMENT. [I. *^* In the list of College Officers (Abstract (A) ) Walter Channing, M. D. Professor of Obstetricks and Medical Jurisprudence, was omit- ted. This Professor receives nothing from the College funds ; his compensation is from the fees paid by Medical Students in Boston, and he performs no services at Cambridge. The same remark is appli- cable to Dr. Bigelow in his capacity of Professor of Materia Medica* The amount payable to him is wholl}' as Ruraford Professor, and from arrangements which may be expected respecting the proceeds of Count Rumford's legacy, by a change of investment, the income will probably be reduced. By the real property, mentioned in the letter to the chairman of the Committee, from which no income is derived, it was intended to indicate the College Grounds, and the various Edifices, such as Uni- versity/ Hall, Harvard Hall, Holden Chapel, and the Medical College in Boston ; from which no income is received. The estimate of fees for degrees, (p. 18), does not include what is payable for the degree of A. M. The number receiving that degree is very uncertain, it may be estimated to be between thirty and forty, at $5 each to the University, and $5 to the President, the same as for the degree of A. B. J. D. ERRATA. Page 5, line 5, far Colton's read Cotton's:. ■■ — 8j line 6, dele and Tutors. No. II. FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES PlSOrSSSOBSHXPS AND TUTOKSHIPS fJ^nvHaVS mnrnvMin* [In the following notices of Foundations and Statutes, the testa- ments of founders, and the rules and orders by them established, are generally cited. When the duties of a Professor are left to be pre- scribed by the University, and are consequently subject to variation from time to time, those rules only are mentioned which are now in force. The articles in the bodies of statutes, relating to the qualifi- cations of ihe Professor or Instructer, his responsibility to the Cor- poration and Overseers, and his tenure of office, being nearly the same in all, are not always extracted.] V II. FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF DIVINITY. Rules, Orders, and Statutes, relating to the Professor of Divinity in Harvard College^ at Cambridge^ in New- England, 1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts^ and in communion with some Christian Church of one of the three denominations, Congregational, Presbyterian, or Baptist. 2. That his province be to instruct the students in the several parts of Theology by reading a System of Posi- tive and a Course of Controversial Divinity, beginning always with a short prayer. 3. That the said Professor read his private Lectures of positive and controversial Divinity so many times in the week as shall finish both courses within the term of one year. 4. That the Professor read publickly, once a week/^p- on Divinity, either Positive, Controversial, or Cas^sti- cal; and as often upon Church History, Critical P^po- sition of Scripture, or Jewish Antiquities, as the Torpo- ration, with the approbation of the Overseers, shaU^^S^ fit, always times of vacation excepted. 5. That the Professor set apart two or three hours, one afternoon in the week, to answer such questions of the students who shall apply to him, as refer to the sys- 4 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL tern or controversies of religion, or laws of conscience^ or the seeming contradictions in Scripture. 6. That the Professor of Divinity, while in the office, shall not be a Tutor in any other science, or obliged to any other attendance in the College, than the above- mentioned publick and private Lectures. 7. That the Professor read his private Lectures to such only as are at least of two years' standing in the College. 8. That, an honourable salary being provided for the Professor, it is expected that he require no fee from any of the students for their instruction. 9. That the said Professor be chosen by the Reverend President and Fellows of the College, or the major part of thera^ for the time being, and be presented by them, w^hen chosen^ to the Honourable and Reverend Overseers^ to be by them approved and confirmed in his place. 10. That the said Professor be at all times under the inspection of the Reverend President and Fellows and of the Honourable and Reverend Overseers for the time^ to be by the said President and Fellows, or the major part of them, displaced for any just and valuable cause^ the Honourable and Reverend Overseers also^ or the major part of them, consenting thereunto, but not else. 11. That the person, chosen from time to time to be a Professor, be a man of solid learning in Divinity, of sound or orthodox principles, one who is well gifted to teach, of a sober and pious life, and of a good conversation. \ \e Flan or Form for the Professor of Divinity to agree to at his Inauguration. TKjLt he repeat his oaths to the civil government; that he deH^are it as his belief, that the Scriptures of the Old and N(iv Testaments are the only perfect rule of faith and manners^ and that he promise to explain and open the Scriptur^ to his pupils with integrity and faithfulness, according to the best light that God shall give him. That he promise to promote true piety and godliness by II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 5 his example and instruction ; that he consult the good of the College, and the peace of the Churches of our Lord Jesus Christ, on all occasions ; and that he religiously observe the Statutes of his Founder, and all such other Statutes and Orders, as shall be made by the College^ not repugnant thereunto. Signed and sealed the tenth day of January, in the ninth year of the Reign of King George, l'^22. THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] Witness^ Jeremiah Hunt, Edward Wallin, John J Hollis, Joshua Winslov/, John Osborn, Dan- > iel JYeal, William Harris. ) December 15th, 1804. It was voted, ^^ That it shall be the duty of the Hollis Professor of Divinity to preach, and to perform other divine services in the Chapel, be- fore the Officers, Graduates, and Undergraduates, on the Lord's Day, forenoon and afternoon, whenever the same shall be hereafter required by the Corporation and Over- seers." The following are the Lectures and Exercises of the Hollis Professor of Divinity. Lectures, — 1. One every week, in term time, on the Lord's Day, the course lasting four years, before the whole College, on the Evidences, Doctrines, and Duties, of Natural and Revealed Religion ; connected with the usual devotional services in public Vvorship. " 2. A course of Critical Lectures on the New Testa- ment, ascertaining the true, original reading of the same, the meaning of different terms and phrases, and explain- ing references and allusions to opinions, customs, man- ners, &c. contained in this part of the Sacred Scriptures, with such illustrations and remarks, as he shall think most useful for the instruction of the students." 3. A course to the Senior Class of theological students on Pastoral Duty. Private Exercises — in Paley's Evidences with the Juniors, and in Butler's Analogy with the Seniors ; on the Evidences of Christianity with the Junior Class, and on 6 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. Christian Theology with the Middle Class of theological students ; also the exercise of the Middle and Senior Classes of those students, once a week, in Preaching. Hollis Professors of Divinity, Inaugurated Died or resigned 1722 Edward Wigglesworth 1765 1765 Edward Wigglesworth 1791 1792 David Tappan 1803 1805 Henry Ware HOLLIS PROFESSOU OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. Rides and Orders relating to a Professor of Mathematics and of Natural a7id Experimental Philosophy in Harvard College in Cambridge in New England, appointed by Mr. Thomas Hollis of London, Merchant. 1. That the Professor be a Master of Arts, and well acquainted with the several parts of the Mathematics and of Natural and Experimental Philosophy. 2. That his province be to instruct the students in a system of Natural Philosophy, and a course of Ex- perimental, in which to be comprehended Pneumat- icks, Hydrostaticks, Mechanicks^ Staticks^ Opticks ; and in the elements of Geometry^ together with the doctrine of Proportions^ the Principles of Algebra, Conick Sections, Plane and Spherical Trigonometry, with the general prin- ciples of Mensurations, Planes and Solids ; in the prin- ciples of Astronomy and Geography, viz, the doctrine of the Spheres, the use of the Globes, the Motions of the Heavenly Bodies according to the different hypotheses of Ptolemy, Tycho Brahe, and Copernicus ; with the gen- eral principles of Dialling, the division of the world into its various kingdoms, with the use of the Maps, &c. 3. That the Professor shall read once a week, and, whenever the Corporation with the approbation of the Overseers shall require it, twice a week, (times of vaca- n.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 7 tion excepted) publickly in the hall to all students that will attend on such topicks relating to the Sciences of the Mathematicks, Natural or Experimental Philosophy, as he shall judge most necessary and useful, but always dis- tinct or different from his private lectures. 4. That the said Professor shall read his private lec- tures on the several parts of the Mathematics, Natural and Experimental Philosophy, so many times in the week as to finish each science that he begins within the com- pass of a year, and to go through the whole in two years. But the course of Philosophical Experiments shall be re- peated at least once every year. 5. That the said Professor while in that office shall not be a Tutor in any other science, nor take on him the Pastoral office in any church, nor be obliged to any other attendance in the College than the above mentioned pub- lick and private lectures. 6. That whereas I have ordered and do appoint a sal- ary of eighty pounds per annum to be duly paid to the said Professor, he shall be obliged to take no fee or re- ward from any of the students that have been or shall be on my foundation for the study of Divinity; but for other students of the College that desire his instructions, he may receive a fee as the Corporation shall direct, with the approbation of the Overseers, not exceeding forty shillings per annum. 7. That the Professor shall set apart two or three hours in every week to converse with his pupils and endeavour to clear such difficulties as lie upon their minds, relating to the several parts of the Mathematicks, Natural and Ex- perimental Philosophy, of which he is Professor. 8. That the said Professor shall in all times to come be chosen by the Reverend the President and Fellow^s of Har- vard College for the time being, and shall be presented to the Honourable and Reverend Overseers of the Col- lege, to be approved by them, and then shall be jointly recommended by them to me for my confirmation during my life, and after my decease to such person as I shall appoint by my last will under my hand and seal during the term of his life ; also, 8 FOUND A.TIONS AND STATUTES. [11. 9. That the said Professor shall at all times he under the care and inspection of the Reverend the President and Fellows of Harvard College, with the Honourable and Reverend Overseers of the College for the time being, but shall not be displaced by them during his capacity for service, except for some just and valuable cause. 10. Upon the death or removal of a Professor, the Cor- poration shall be obliged to fill up the vacancy within twelve months ; and in case of default, the nomination and choice shall for that time be in the Overseers, to be confirmed by me during my life, and by my executor after me ; and in case they shall not fill up the vacancy in one year more, I then will bequeath and appoint the principal and produce of this estate to return to my exec- utor. 11. On the day of Inauguration the Professor shall take the oaths to the civil government as appointed by the law, in the presence of the Reverend the President and Fellows of the College, and the Honourable and Reverend Overseers thereof in the publick hall. 12. At the same time and place, and in the same pres- ence, he shall declare himself to be of the Protestant reformed religion, as it is now professed and practised by the churches in New England, commonly distinguish- ed by the name of Congregational, Presbyterian, or Bap- tist, and that he will comply with the same. 13. He shall promise to discharge the trust now repos- ed in him with diligence aiKl fidelity, and to the advan- tage of the Students; that he will not only endeavour the advancement of true learning, but consult the good of the College in every other respect ; that he will promote true piety and godliness by his own example and encourage- ment, and will religiously observe the Statutes of his Founder. And lastly, I order and appoint ten pounds per annum to the Treasurer for the time being, for his care and pains in keeping the accounts and drawing out a balance every audit day of the College, to be sent to me and to my next and immediate successor annually^ the Cor- II.J FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 9 poration being duly notified who the said successor is. To ail which orders and appointments, above written, being designed and solemnly dedicated and devoted by me to the glory of God, by improving the minds of men in useful knowledge, I set my hand and seal this eigh- teenth day of January, one thousand seven hundred and twenty-six. THOMAS HOLLIS. [l. s.] Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of us, Joh?i Hollis^ Joshua Hollisj Jtichard Solly y John Williams, The instruction in the sciences enumerated in the statutes, as coming within the province of the HoUis Professor, being the whole of Pure and Mixed Mathe- maticks, has been, as far back as the course of study is known, divided between him and one or more Tutors.* The Lectures and Exercises of the Hollis Professor of Mathematicks are as follows, viz. Lectures — A course on the Theory and Principles of Natural Philosophy and on Experimental Philosophy, to the Juniors ; a course on Astronomy to the Seniors. Private Exercises, or recitations, with the Seniors in Astronomy, and with the Juniors in Trigonometry. Hollis Professors of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy, Inaugurated Died or resigned 1728 Isaac Greenwood - - - - 1738 1738 John Winthrop - - - - 1779 1780 Samuel Williams - - - - 1788 1789 Samuel Webber - - « - 1806 1807 John Farrar * See Appendix A- 1© i?OUNDATlONS AND STATUTES. [11. HANCOCK PROFESSOR OF HEBREW AND OTHER ORIENTAL LANGUAGES. Copy of a Legacy left by the late Hon. Thomas Hancock^ Esq. of Boston^ in his xvill^ to Harvard College, A, D. 1765. I GIVE unto the President and Fellows of Harvard College^ in Cambridge, the sum of one thousand pounds sterling, and order that the whole income be applied to the support and maintenance of some person, who shall be elected by the President and Fellows with the appro- bation and consent of the Overseers, to profess and teach the Oriental Languages, especially the Hebrew, in said College. The Professor who shall receive the benefit of the do- nation, shall discharge the duties of his profession and office in such manner, and according to such rules and orders, as shall be appointed and established by the Pres- ident and Fell ws, with the consent of the Overseers : and previous to his induction into this office, he shall de- clare himself to be of the Protestant reformed religion, as it is now professed and practised by the churches in New England. The said Froiessor shall also be removed from his office at the discretion of the President and Fellows, and Overseers of said College, for the time being ; inas- much as 1 fully rely on their wisdom and integrity, that this will never be done without some very good and sufficient reason. And it is my will, that, as soon as may be after my decease, as also after the decease or removal of any Pro- fessor upon this foundation, the President and Fellows proceed to the choice of some person to this office and trust, to be by them presented to the Overseers for their approbation and consent. But if the Overseers shall apprehend any unreasonable delay in this matter, in that case they may proceed by themselves to the appointment of a Professor. II.] fOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 11 It is also my will, that all the income of this donation during the time the Professorship may he necessarily and unavoidably vacant, shall be added to the capital sum, for the better support and encouragement of succeeding Pro- fessors. The instruction of the Hancock Professor, according to existing rules and orders, is as follows : — he gives Lectures on Universal Grammar to the Juniors ; on the Hebrew Scriptures, to the Theological Students. Private Exercises^ or recitations, in English Grammar with the Freshmen ; in Hebrev^ with the Juniors, with the Theological Students^ and with any private class that may be formed. In the year 1785, it was enacted by the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, as follows, viz. ^^ As there may be many of the Students who will have a dispensation from attending the private lectures of such Professor in the Oriental Languages, which will lighten his service ; and as he receives a considerable part of his support from the College, the money arising from the foundation not being sufficient for the purpose ; he shall teach the Students the General Principles of Grammar, and shall instruct them in the knowledge of the English Grammar in particular, and in English Composition, in such way and at such times, as the Corporation with the assent of the Overseers shall hereafter direct" The instruction in English Composition is now assigned to the Professor of Rhetorick. Hancock Professors of the Hebrew and other Oriental Languages, Inaugurated Died or resigned 1765 Stephen Sewall - - - - 1785 1783 Eliphalet Pearson - - - - 1806 1807 Sidney Willard 12 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. pL PROFESSORS OF THE FACULTY OF MEDICINE, VIZ. Hersey Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick^ Hersey Professor of Anatomy and Surgery^ Erving Professor of Chemistry , Professor of Materia Medica^ Professor of Obstetricks and Medical Jurisprudence. The Medical Institution was founded by the Univer- sity in 1783, and the Professors of Anatomy and Surge- ry, of the Theory and Practice of Physick^ and of Che- mistry and Materia Medica, appointed. The Professor of Materia Medica (that branch being separated from Chemistry), and the Professor of Obstetricks and Medi- cal Jurisprudence, were added in 1818. By the regulations of the University, these Professors were to deliver courses of instruction, at rooms provided for them at Cambridge, to medical students and to un- dergraduates who might be permitted to attend, the sums agreed upon between the professors and pupils to be assessed in the quarter bills. After salaries were annexed to the offices of several of the Professors, the fees to be demanded were to be approved by the Corpo- ration. Since the establishment of the Medical School, several bequests have accrued to the University for this depart- ment of the University, the incomes of which have been applied to their objects, viz. Dr. John Cuming, by will proved October 9, 1788, gave three hundred dollars, and the reversion of half the estate occupied by his widow, " to be appropriated to the Professor of Physick, if any such there be or shall be ; otherwise to be disposed of by the Corporation and Overseers of that society, for the use and benefit of the same.'' Dr. Ezekiel Hersey and Mrs. Sarah Derby made libe- ral bequests to the Corporation, " the interest thereof to be appropriated towards the support of a Professor of Anatomy and Physick, and for that use only,'' II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 13 Dr. Abner Hersey, by his will, dated October, 1786, gives '^ five hundred pounds to and for the sole use and benefit, and for the encouragement and support of a Professor of Physick and Surgery at the University in Cambridge and County of Middlesex and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, or any other town or county in said Commonwealth where such Professor shall be allowed to reside." William Erving, Esq. in 1791, left to the University a bequest for the support of the Professor of Chemistry j and in 1812 Mrs. Sprague's legacy was received to be appropriated to the use of the Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick. In 1810, the Medical Institution was extended to Bos» ton, with the condition that the Professors should give suitable lectures at the University, as should be required* Two Lecturers, one on Materia Medica, and the other on Obstetricks, were added to the number of Instructers in 1815, who in 1819 were made Professors with the rights and duties pertaining to the ofiice of Professor, according to the statutes of the Medical Institution, but without any claim to compensation other than the fees they might receive from their pupils. The Professors above give Lectures at the Medical College, Boston, for three months from the third Wed- nesday in November. The Professor of the Theory and Practice of Physick is to give at Cambridge, biennially, a few Lectures on Physiology and the Art of Preserving Health. The Professor of Anatomy, between the first Monday in April and the middle of July, is to deliver to stu- dents and others authorized to attend, at Cambridge, a Course of Lectures, not less than twenty-five in number, on the subjects of his Professorship, with demonstrations from preparations, and adapted to give general scholars, not intended for the medical profession, an acquaintance with the structure of the human frame; the Professor to furnish such preparations, not in the possession of the 14 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL College, as may be requisite for illustrating his Lec- tures. Till recently the rules prescribing the duty of the Pro- fessor of Chemistry at the University have been as fol- lows, viz. The Erving Professor of Chemistry was to deliver at Cambridge a full Course of Lectures on Chemistry and Mineralogy, and to examine the pupils once in each week, to ascertain their knowledge of the subjects on which the Lectures are given ; he was to take care of the laboratory and apparatus, and see that the instru- ments and articles be so placed as not to be exposed to injury, and be in good order; the Professor to procure the requisite assistance. It being considered expedient that the instruction in Chemistry and the other duties of that department at the University should be in the charge of some gentleman resident at Cambridge, a Lecturer in Chemistry, Mine- ralogy, and Geology, has been chosen, who is to give lessons and lectures in those branches, to take care of the cabinets, laboratory, &c. and the Professor above is exempted from the duty of lecturing at Cambridge, re- ceiving the income of the Erving Foundation, and allowed to confine his instructions to the Medical College. Hersey Professors of Anatomy 1816 1809 John Gorham, Adjunct, ] 1816 1815 Jacob Bigelow, Professor of Materia Medica, Erving Professors of Chemistry. 1816 Aaron Dexter, Emeritus, J 8 16 JohnGorham. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 15 THE MASSACHUSETTS PROFESSORSHIP OF NATURAL HISTORY. At a meeting of the Society of Subscribers to a Fund for the establishment of a Professorship of Natural His- tory^ holdeii at the Hail of the Union Bank, in Boston, on Wednesday the 27th day of March^ in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and five, at eleven of the clock in the forenoon, the Foundation of the Pro- fessorship herein after mentioned, and the foliowing rules and principles^ by which it should be regulated and con- ducted, were agreed upon. CHAPTER 1. The Foundation of the Professorship, A Professorship of Natural History shall be founded at Harvard College, in Cambridge ; and the Professor shall be stiled, " The Massachusetts Professor of Natu- ral History :*' — Provided, that if any person shall become a munificent patron of the said Professorship, by liberally endowing the same, it shall be in the power of the Presi- dent and Fellows of Harvard College, to name the Pro- fessor after such Benefactor. CHAPTER II. The Election of the Professor. 1. The first Professor shall be chosen by the greater part of the subscribers aforesaid, present at a meeting to be called for that purpose. 2. The successors of the first Professor shall be elect- ed by the President and Fellows, and the election be ap- proved by the Overseers of Harvard College, in the same manner as other Professors of the College are 16 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL chosen. And every Professor so to be elected shall be a Master of Arts, of the Christian Protestant religion, and of good moral character. 3. When, after the election of the first Professor, there shall be a vacancy in the office, if a successor shall not be appointed in manner aforesaid, and introduced into the office, within six calendar months after such va- cancy shall happen, then the Visitors of the said Profes- sorship shall have power to fill such vacancy, bj the elec- tion of a Professor. 4. The Professor, after his election, and before he enter on the execution of the duties of his office, shall make and subscribe, before the President and Fellows of Harvard College, a declaration similar to the declara- tions required from the Medical Professors. Provided, however, that the declaration to be subscribed by the Professor of Natural History, shall contai^i nothing re- pugnant to the rules and principles of this institution herein declared, nor to the laws of the land. 5. The Professor shall hold his office so long as he shall discharge the duties thereof, and behave well. And he may be removed from the office by the Visitors of the Professorship, either for misbehaviour, or incapacity to discharge the duties thereof, according to the discretion of the Visitors. But the President and Fellows of Har- vard College may suspend the said Professor from all the powers and duties of his office, for neglect of his duties to the College required by this foundation, or inability to discharge the same, or for immoral behaviour, which suspension shall continue in full force, until he be re- stored or removed by the Visitors. 6. When a Professor shall be removed from the office for incapacity, arising after his election, and from no fault of his own, the Visitors may make such provision for his future support, as may be consistent with the state and magnitude of the funds of the Professorship., II. ] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 17 CHAPTER III. Of the Duties of the Professor. 1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to form a Botanic Garden on the grounds that shall be provided for that purpose, which shall contain all the plants that may be procured, and may be capable of preservation therein, including all the indigenous plants of the coun- try, foreign plants which have been, or which may be naturalized here, and all other exotic plants whatever, useful for the purposes of this institution. And the Pro- fessor shall superintend the Botanic Garden, and the preservation and growth of the plants therein, subject to such rules and regulations as may, from time to time, be prescribed by the Visitors. 2. The Professor shall read Lectures on Botany and Entomology to such of the Students of Harvard College, as may be inclined to attend thereon, at such times, un- der such regulations, and for such gratuities, as shall be directed by the President and Fellows of the said Col- lege, the gratuities to be assessed in the quarter bills of the students so attending, and when received, shall be paid over to the Professor. And the Professor, in his lectures, shall exhibit all the plants necessary to the due illustration of the subject. Provided hoivever, that those Students of Harvard College, who are sons of any of the Subscribers aforesaid, shall be entitled to attend on the said lectures gratis, agreeably to the terms of the original subscription. 3. The Professor, with the assent of the Visitors, and under such regulations as they may prescribe, may read Lectures on Botany and Entomology to such other per- sons as may request to attend on the same, for such gra- tuities as the Visitors and Professor may determine ; pro- vided that the said regulations be not repugnant to the regulations which may be prescribed by the President 3 18 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. and Fellows of Harvard College, for the government of the Students, in their attendance on the Professor. And provided further, that the immediate government of the College may exclude any person from the privilege of attending on the lectures of the Professor, whom they shall declare to have insulted the authority of the Col- lege, or to have violated the laws of the College made for the government of the Students. 4. The Professor, either personally or by some as- sistant, by him appointed, and approved by the Visitors, and by the President and Fellows of Harvard College, shall attend on all persons who may desire to view the Botanic Garden, and inspect the plants therein preserv- ed, at such times, under such regulations, and for such perquisites as the Visitors, from time to time, shall di- rect. — Provided, that no perquisite be exacted from any of the Subscribers aforesaid, nor from any of the Overseers, or of the Corporation, or of the Imme- diate Governors or instructers of Harvard College. Pro- vided also, that no Undergraduate of the College be ad- mitted into the garden but at such hours, and for such length of time, as shall be allowed by the Government of the said College. 5. The Professor shall collect all specimens in Miner- alogy for which he may have convenient opportunity, and after arranging them, he shall deposit them in the Cabinet of Mineralogy belonging to the Corporation of Harvard College, for the use of the University of Cam- bridge. 6. The President and Fellows of Harvard College, with the assent of the Visitors of the Professorship, may enjoin upon the Professor the duty of instructing the Students of the College in such other branches of Natu- ral History, as may be found from experience consistent with his faithful discharge of all the duties already above enjoined on him. And such further instruction shall be given at such times, under such regulations, and for such gratuities, as the said President and Fellows shall pre- II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 19 scribe. And such gratuities shall be assessed and paid over, in the same manner as the gratuities for attending on the Lectures on Botany and Entomology. CHAPTER IV. Of the Funds of the Professorship, 1. All the real Estate to be purchased for the founda- tion of the said Professorship, shall be vested in the Presi- dent and Fellows of Harvard College, upon the special trust and confidence, that the Professor of Natural His- tory, for the time being, shall have the use and occupa- tion of the same, for his habitation, and for the Botanic Garden, and for such other uses as may be connected therewith. 2. All the personal property which may belong to the said foundation, shall be vested in the President and Fel- lows of Harvard College, but upon such trusts, and for such uses, as shall, from time to time, be directed by the Visitors of the said Professorship. 3. Whenever there may be growing, in the Botanic Garden, plants of any description, w^hich may be taken from the Garden, without any prejudice to the end and design of the Professorship, such plants may be sold under such regulations, and for such prices, as the Visi- tors may direct ; and the profits arising from the inspec- tion or sale of the plants, shall form a part of the perso- nal Funds of the said Professorship. 4. The Treasurer of Harvard College shall pay over the rents, issues, and profits of the said Estate, real and personal, which he may receive, and also the principal of the said personal Estate, to the order of the Visitors of the said Professorship, with whom he shall account, as often as they shall direct. And the Treasurer shall be entitled to such compensation for managing and tak- ing care of the personal property of the said Professor- ship, entrusted to him, as shall be determined by the President and Fellow^s of Harvard College. 20 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. 5. The money raised by the subscribers aforesaid shall be paid over to the Treasurer of Harvard College, for the uses, and upon the trusts aforesaid ; reserving,' how^ever, in the hands of the said subscribers, or in the hands of their own Treasurer, so much of the said money as they may think proper for the purchase of real estate for the said Professorship. 6. All monies paid to the Treasurer of Harvard Col- lege, shall be put at interest in the name of the President and Fellows of the said College, but for the uses and upon the trusts aforesaid, by vesting the same in the publick funds of this State, or of the United States of America, or in the stock of some bank legally incorpo- rated, at his discretion, unless he receive directions con- cerning the same, from the Visitors of the Professorship, to which directions it shall be his duty in all things to conform. CHAPTER V. Of the Visitors of the Professorship. 1. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, together with the President of Harvard College, the President of the American Acade- my of Arts and Sciences, and the President of the Mas- sachusetts Medical Society, or the greater part of them, shall be the Visitors of the said Professorship, with all the powers and duties in the said Visitors above vested, and on them enjoined. Provided, that if the Massachu- setts Society for promoting Agriculture, shall, at any time, have more than twelve Trustees, then the said Trustees shall elect out of their own body, twelve, who, together with the three Presidents aforesaid, shall be the Visitors of the said Professorship. 2. And further, the Visitors shall have full power to cause a dwelling-house for the Professor, and such other buildings to be erected, such utensils and materials to II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 21 be purchased, and such labourers to be employed, as, in their judgment, may be fit and reason:ible — to cause the real estate to be kept in repair — to prevent any waste or loss in the personal estate— to see that the Botanic Garden be supplied with the necessary plants, and be duly cultured — to take care that the duties of the Pro- fessor and of those employed under him, be intelligently and faithfully discharged — to fix the salary and the emoluments of the Professor, and of any assistant he may have — and generally to make, and cause to be exe- cuted, ail such rules and regulations as in their judgment will render the said Professorship most useful in pro- moting the interests of the University of Cambridge, and the arts and agriculture of the State, and for the better qualification of the Professor, for discharging the duties of his office : so that such rules and regulations be not repugnant to the rules and principles herein agreed upon, nor to the charter of Harvard College, nor to the laws of the land. 3. The Visitors may make all such appropriation of the funds of the Professorship, including both principal and interest, as in their judgment, may be necessary for the due execution of the powers, with which they are herein vested. 4. If at any time, the funds of the said Professorship should be more than sufficient for all the purposes afore- said, and there should remain any monies unappropriat- ed, the Visitors may appropriate so much of ^he monies so remaining, as they may think proper, for the forming or enlarging a cabinet or cabinets of Natural History, for the use of the University of Cambridge, to be con- nected with the said Professorship, according to the duties that are or may be enjoined on the Professor — or, the said Visitors may appropriate so much of the monies so remaining, as they may think proper, towards the compensation of any other Professor of Harvard Col- lege, to whom may be entrusted, by the President and Fellows of the said College, the right of teaching any 22 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL branch of Natural History, not specially provided for in this Institution, if such appropriation, in the judgment of the Visitors, shall be more useful in diffusing the knowledge of Natural History. 5. The Visitors may constitute one or more commit- tees selected from themselves, or elsewhere, with au- thority to execute such of the powers vested in the Visitors, as they may judge will be most convenient for the due execution of the great variety of important trusts reposed in them. Provided^ that the removal of the Professor from his office, or the fixing his salary and perquisites, by any committee be not valid, until the same be ratified by the Board of Visitors. 6. The Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, or the greater part of them, shall call the first meeting of the Visitors, in such manner, and at such time and place as they shall determine, at which first meeting the greater part of the Visitors, then present, may agree upon the method of notifying future meetings, which method they may from time to time alter. And at any meeting of the Visitors duly notified (provided five at the least be present) the act of the greater part present shall be deemed the act of the Visitors. 7. To prevent any failure of Visitors of the said Pro- fessorship, it is agreed, that if the Trustees of the Mas- sachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, who may be Visitors as aforesaid, or the greater part of them, should, after accepting the trust aforesaid, decline the further execution thereof, either expressly, or by unrea- sonably neglecting the same, such neglect being declared by the greater part of the Justices of the Supreme Judi- cial Court, upon complaint made by the President and Fellows of Harvard College ; then the said President and Fellows, together with the President of the Ameri- can Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the President of the Massachusetts Medical Society, or the greater part of them, shall be the Visitors of the said Professor- II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 23 ship, with all the powers above defined and to the Visitors granted. 8. Whereas some alterations and amendments may from experience be found necessary for more effectually promoting the true design of this Institution, it is there- fore agreed, that all such alterations and amendments to this foundation which shall hereafter be agreed upon by the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Visitors aforesaid, for the more successful cultivation of the science of Natural History, and which shall be ap- proved by the Overseers of Harvard College, and the President and Council of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, shall have the same force and effect as if part of the original foundation. The foregoing Foundation and Rules having been accepted by the Corporation and Overseers, and by the Massachusetts Society for promoting Agriculture, the Institution was begun and the first Professor appointed in the year 1805. On the decease of the first Professor, in October 1 822, it being found expedient that the income of the funds should be applied for the present to make good the cap- ital stock originally destined to a Professor, which capi- tal stock had become impaired ; and also to put in com- plete repair the edifices and fences, and to furnish the garden with plants, the Corporation, at the instance of the Visitors, forbore to fill the vacant chair. The third article of chapter second was altered so as to leave the corporation the power of delaying to choose a suc- cessor, till requested to do it by the Visitors. The establishment was committed to a Curator with two of the Visitors. The Curator has the same duties in respect to the supervision of the garden, as are allotted by the statutes to the Professor. 24 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [11. He is also to deliver lectures on Botany to such Stu- dents as may attend upon him under the regulations made by the Corporation, receiving such gratuities from his pupils as that Board may authorize. Massachusetts Professor of Natural History, inaugurated Died 1805 William Dandridge Peck, - - 1822 1823 Thomas Nuttall, Curator, BOYLSTON PROFESSOR OF RHETORICK AND ORATORY, An Extract fro7n the Will of Nicholas Boylston, Esq, I GIVE and bequeath unto the President and Fellows of Harvard College in Cambridge, in the County of Middlesex, the sum of one thousand five hundred pounds, lawful money, and order that the same be put out at interest on good security, and that the whole income and interest thereof be forever applied to the support and maintenance of some well qualified person who shall be elected by the President and Fellows of said College for the time being, and approved of by the Overseers of said College to be the Professor of Rhetorick and Ora- tory, who shall receive the whole benefit or income of this Donation if he discharges the duties of his profes- sion and office, according to such rules and directions as shall be appointed and established by said President and Fellows, with the consent of the said Overseers of said College. And I direct that such Professor shall be removed by the President and Fellows with the consent of the Overseers, in case he shall be guilty of any immoralities, or in their judgment not quali- fied for such a place. And it is my Will, that as soon as may be after my decease, (or upon the removal of any such Professor upon this foundation,) the said President and Fellows proceed to the choice of some II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 25 proper person for the office and trust, he to be approved of and confirmed by the said Overseers ; and if said Overseers shall apprehend any unreasonable delay by the ^'resident and Fellows in this matter, in such case I hereby empower them to proceed by themselves in the choice and appointment of a suitable, well qualified per- son aforesaid. It is also my Will, that all the income of this Donation during the time the Professorship may be necessarily vacant, shall be added to the capital sum, for the better support and encouragement of succeeding Professors ; and I order my executors to pay the afore- said sum of one thousand five hundred pounds to the Treasurer of said College within six months after my decease. (Paid February 11, 1772.) The fund thus given was put at interest, and was ap- plied to its object in 1806. The first Professor was then appointed, and a body of directions and statutes was made by the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, subject to such alterations, additions, and amendments, as should be found expedient. It is made the duty of the Professor *' to instruct the Students of the several Classes in the nature, excellence, and acquisition of the important arts of Rhetorick, in its most extended and comprehensive sense, in the theory and practice of writing and speaking well, that is, with method, elegance, harmony, dignity, and energy. This instruction shall be given in public and private lectures." The Lectures and Exercises of the Boylston Professor are as follows : — 1. Declamation. — He hears the Seniors and Juniors declaim once a week in publick ; the Sophomores once a week, unless they write or translate ; the Freshmen, once a week, in reading the Rhetorical Grammar, or in declamation. He attends the rehearsals previous to Exhibition and 26 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL Commencement, making remarks on pronunciation, em- phasis, and gesture, as the performances of those who speak or read suggest. 2. He has (1) Exercises in Composition with the three upper Classes, each Student being required to present a theme once a fortnight for his inspection and criti( ism. (2.) The performances of the Students for public oc- casions are submitted to him for correction. (o ) He has a recitation with the Sophomores in Blair's Rhetorick (unabridged) on five days of the week, during the second or Spring term. 3. A course of publick Lectures is delivered to the Juniors in the third term. The general subjects are, The uses, objects, and dangers of criticism. The right selection and use of words. The structure of sentences. The true character of eloquence. The different kinds of eloquence in ancient and modern times. The motives and helps to its cultivation. The course is to be enlarged in the critical depart- ment. Professors of Rhetorick and Oratory, Inaugurated Died or resigned 1806 John Quincy Adams - - 1809 1809 Joseph McKean - - - - 1818 1819 E award Tyrrel C banning COLLEGE PROFESSOR* OF LOGICK AND METAPHYSICKS. The office of permanent Tutor was established in the College, A. D. 1800. The General Court, by an act passed in that year, authorized the President and * See Appendix B. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 27 Fellows, with the approbation of the Overseers, to apply the sum of two hundred pounds, payable annually to the College by the proprietors of West Boston Bridge towards the support of one or more Permanent Tutors in the University. The Tutor in the above branches, to which E thicks was then joined, was appointed to this situation at that time,^' and in 1810, he was made College Professor of Logick, Ethicks, and Metaphysicks, being subject to the duties before required of him by law, but entitled to such exemptions, and liable to such further duties as might be determined by the Corporation with the approbation of the Overseers. It is the province of this Professor to conduct the in- struction in Loglck and Intellectual Philosophy ; to which Moral Philosophy, Civil Polity, and Political Economy are added during the vacancy of the Alford Professorship. He reads lectures introductory to each branch of instruction committed to him, and a brief course on Locke's Essay on the Human Understanding. College Professor of Logick and Metaphysicks. Inaugurated 1810 Levi Hedge. COLLEGE PROFESSOR OF GREEK. This office was established, and the officer appointed by a vote of the Corporation, passed Sept. 12, and ap- proved by the Overseers, Oct. 12, 1815, as follows :— At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Har- vard College, September 12, 1815. Voted, That the Rev. John Snelling Popkin, D. D. be appointed '^ College Professor of Greek," to perform such of the duties heretofore performed by the College * A portion of the income from the Bridge was, in 1803, set apart as an accumulating fund for the support of a second Permanent Tutor. 28 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. Professor and the Tutor of Greek, as shall be determin- ed ; he to hold his office by the same tenure, generally, as the permanent Professors of the University, with the same compensation, if the whole of the duty above men- tioned be performed by him. College Professor of Greek, Inaugurated 1815 John Snelling Popkin. ELIOT PROFESSOR OF GREEK LITERATURE. In April, A. D. 1814, a gentleman,* through one of the Corporation, made a donation of twenty thousand dollars to endow a Professorship of Greek in the Uni- versity ; the statutes to be made and a Professor to be chosen and introduced into office within a convenient time. In the beginning of the next year, the following Rules and Statutes were approved by the Founder, and Avere enacted by the Corporation and Overseers. Rules and Statutes of the Professorship of Greek Literature in Harvard College. CHAPTER I. The Foundation of the Professorship, The sum given as aforesaid, shall be managed and invested by the President and Fellows, for the time being, and the income be applied by them for the sup- port of a Professor of the Greek language and of Greek literature in the University at Cambridge, who shall be called '' the Professor of Greek Literature;" provided, that the Corporation may give another name to the Pro- fessor, but not that of the Founder, except with his express consent. "*■• After bis decease, January 18, 1820, announced to be Samuel Eliot, Esq. £11. FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES* 29 CHAPTER JI. Election of the Professor, 1. The first Professor and his successor shall be elected by the President and Fellows, and the election approved by the Overseers of Harvard College* The Professor shall be a Master of Arts, of the Christian Protestant Religion, and shall bear the character of a learned, pious, and honest man. 2. When, after the election of the first Professor, there shall be a vacancy in the office, a successor shall be appointed and introduced into the office within one year after such vacancy shall happen. 3. The Professor after his election, and before he enters on the execution of the duties of his office, shall make and subscribe a declaration before the President and Fellows, that he believes in the Christian religion, and has a firm persuasion of its truth, and that he is in principle a Protestant ; that he will with diligence and fidelity discharge the duties of his office according to these statutes, and such other statutes and laws as are or may be made by the College legislature, not repug- nant thereunto ; that he will labour to advance the inter- ests of general science and literature ; that by his exam- ple, as well as otherwise, he will endeavour to encourage and promote true piety, and all the Christian virtues ; and that he will at all times consult the good of his pupils, and of the College in every respect. 4. The Professor shall hold his office by the same tenure generally, as the other Professors upon founda- tions ; he shall be subject to removal, for ainy just and sufficient cause, by the President and Fellows, the Over- seers consenting thereto ; provided, that in case of the removal of a Professor on this foundation for incapacity after his election, and from no fault of his own, the President and Fellows of said College shall have a right to make such provision for his support, not from the 30 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL fuod or income of the Professorship, but out of the un- appropriated funds of the College, as they shall see fit. CHAPTER III. The Duties of the Professor. 1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to cultivate and promote the knowledge of the Greek Language and of Greek Literature. He shall give publick and private lectures, as the Corporation maj determine, on the gen- ius, structure, characteristicks, and excellencies of the Greek language in the purest age of the language, and in the period succeeding, not neglecting the state of it in modern times ; on the principal Greek authors, tak- ing notice of the Greek Fathers and ecclesiastical wri- ters ; and on the interpretation of the Septuagint Ver- sion, and of the Greek Nev^ Testament, especially so far as such interpretation may be aided by a knowledge of Greek. 2. The Professor shall point out the best course of reading and study, for those who would become versed in Grecian literature. 3. To ascertain and promote the improvement of his pupils, the Professor shall statedly or frequently exam- ine them on the topicks treated in his publick lectures, proposing questions to be answered orally, or in writing, as he shall see fit. 4. The Professor shall give private lectures or exer- cises to such of the graduates and undergraduates, as may come under his care, in which he shall assign por- tions of Greek authors to be studied by the pupils. In these exercises it will be his duty to explain and illus- trate the work under consideration ; to observe the sen- timents, spirit, style, and general execution ; the imagery and rhetorical beauties ; that the University may send out alumni, who possess a discriminating knowledge of the renowned productions of Grecian authors, and the powers of the Grecian language. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. SI 5. The number and order of the lectures and exer- cises to be given by the Professor, and the description of students, graduates, and undergraduates, who shall receive his instruction, shall be the subjects of particular regulation by the College law from time to time, as occasion may invite or require. 6. It shall be in the power of the President and Fel- lows of the University to annex to the Greek Professor- ship aforesaid, any duties not included in the preceding outline ; provided, that such duties shall only extend to instruction in the Greek language or Greek literature, or in sacred criticism, so far as it is connected with a knowledge of Greek. The Eliot Professor delivers to the Senior Class reg- ularly a course of lectures on the History of Greek Literature, and occasionally a course on Antiquities in general ; the attendance on which last is voluntary. Eliot Professor of Greek Literature. Inaugurated 1815 Edward Everett. After the death of Samuel Eliot, Esq. in 1820, his name waS annexed to the Professorship. ROYALL PROFESSOR OF LAW. The fund appropriated to this Professorship accrues from the bequests of Isaac Royall, Esq. made in his Will, dated May 26, 1773, and in the Codicil to his Will dated JNovember 30, 1779. He devised and be- queathed to the Corporation of Harvard College certain lands, " to sell the same and put the money out to inter- est, the income to be appropriated towards endowing a Professor of Laws, or a Professor of Physick and Anatcmy, whichever they shall judge to be most for the benefit of said College." 32 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II, In the autumn of 1815, it was determined to establish a Professorship of Law agreeably to the foregoing Will, and, in the Spring following, the Statutes and Rules were enacted, and the Professor introduced. Statutes of the Professorship of Law in Harvard University. 1. For the present, and so long as the principal support of the Professor shall be derived from the fund bequeath- ed by the late Hon. Isaac Royall, Esquire, the Profes- sor shall be entitled, " Royall Professor of Law ;" but the Corporation reserve to themselves the right, with the assent of the Overseers, to change the title of said Professor, whenever and as soon as any such additions shall be made to the aforesaid fund, as to render the sum bequeathed by the aforesaid Royall the smaller part of the whole foundation, or for any other good and sufficient reason not repugnant to the Will of the said Royall. 2. The said Professor of Law shall be elected in the same manner in which other officers of the College are chosen, and shall hold his office during good behaviour; but the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, may at any time remove him for any cause, which they may deem just and sufficient. 3. The said Professor shall enjoy all the privileges and the rank, which appertain of right to the other Professors in the College ; but he shall not be obliged to reside in the town of Cambridge, nor shall be called upon to take any part in the Immediate Government of the College, unless required so to do by the Corporation and Over- seers ; he shall, however, when requested by the Cor- poration, give his opinion on any questions of Law^ immediately affecting the College, provided the delivery of such opinion shall not interfere with the said Profes- sor's other duties. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 33 4. The said Professor shall enjoy all the authority while delivering his lectures to the Students, as to the preser- vation of order and decorum and the regulation of thq deportment of the Students, which other Professors are entitled to exercise ; and for any indecorum during his exercises, or insult offered to him, the Students shall be subject to such penalties as are provided in like cases as to the other officers of the College ; which penalties it shall be the duty of the Immediate Government, after due examination, to apply. 5. The said Professor shall, before he enters on the du- ties of his office, subscribe these statutes, as well as the usual declaration prescribed in such cases to other Pro- fessors. 6. The course of lectures shall be delivered in some of the College publick rooms, and shall consist of not less than fifteen ; and, until further order, the same shall be attended only by the Senior Class among the under- graduates ; but the officers of the College, including the Overseers and Corporation, together with all resident graduates, shall have a right to attend the said lectures gratis. It shall also be lawful for the said Professor to admit any other persons, not resident at the College, on such terms and conditions as shall to the said Professor seem proper ; provided, that such arrangements be made as to numbers and seats at the lectures as may consist with the suitable accommodation of the members of the College who attend. 7. It shall be the duty of the said Professor to exhibit, in a course of lectures, the theory of Law in its most com- prehensive sense ; the principles and practical operation of the Constitution wnd Government of the United States and of this Commonwealth ; a history of the Juris- prudence of this State under the Colonial and Provincial, as well as under the present Government ; an explana- tion of the principles of the Common Law of England, the mode of its inrroductioji into this country, and the sources and reasons of its obligation therein ; also its 5 ^4 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL various modifications by usage, judicial decision, and statute ; and, generally, those topics connected with law as a science, which will best lead the minds of the Stu- dents to such inquiries and researches, as will qualify them to become useful and distinguished supporters of our free systems of government, as well as able and hon- ourable advocates of the rights of the citizens. And it shall be in the power of the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, to vary, modify, enlarge, or wholly change the above course, and to prescribe any other duties not inconsistent with the general principles o» which such a Professorship is founded. Royall Professor of Law, Inaugurated 1816 Isaac Parker. SMITH PROFESSOR OF THE FRENCH AND SPANlSIf LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE. Extract from the Will of Ahiel Smithy Esq. " I give to the Harvard University at Cambridge the nominal sum of twenty thousand dollars, in the three per cent, funded stock of the United States, as a fund^ the interest or income to be appropriated to the main- tenance and support of a Teacher or Professor of the French, or French and Spanish languages, at said Uni- versity, either singly or in company with any other fund, which may be given or appropriated to the same purpose." " And if my estate should be sufficient at the time of my decease, I give to the Harvard University at Cambridge, the further sum of ten thousand dollars to be used as a fund for the same purposes as prescribed in my bequest heretofore made in this Instrument to said University." n.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 35 In 1816, the two bequests above mentioned having been received, it was determined that the endowment should be applied in part to pay the expense of private instruc- tion and recitation in the French and Spanish Languages, and in part to the support of a Professor who should give lectures on the Literature, as well as Languages of those nations. The foundation and rules were made and the Pro- fessor chosen in 1817. At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Har- vard College, 30th June, 1817, the following votes were passed. L There shall be established at the University a Professor on the foundation made by the late Abiel Smith, Esq. 2. The Professor shall be styled Smith Professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Literature. 3. The Professor, after his election, and before he enters on the duties of his office, shall make and sub- scribe a declaration and promise of the tenor required of other Professors on foundations. 4. The Smith Professor shall hold his office by the same tenure generally, as the other Professors on foun- dations, and shall be subject to removal by the Presi- dent and Fellows for any cause by them deemed just and sufficient, the Overseers consenting thereto. 5. The Professor shall give lectures and exercises in one or both the departments committed to him, in such mode, at such times, and to such persons as shall be de- termined by the College laws from time to time, and shall receive for his services one thousand dollars annu- ally from the income of the late Mr. Smith's bequest. 6. The first Smith Professor shall be Professor of Belles Lettres, with authority to give instruction in publick and private lectures in this department, to such members of the College as may attend upon him, on such conditions, and for such fees, as may be determined ; but with no regular salary stipulated by the College, except 36 FOUISDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. that the College will insert and collect in the quarter bills the dues to the Professor from his pupils and the attend- ants on his lectures. 7. The Professor holding these two offices shall not be required to be resident, unless a stated salary shall be annexed to said offices, which, in the opinion of the Corporation, shall make the requisition of such residence reasonable ; and, in such case, the Professor shall have no more prerogative in respect to fees for his instruction, than the Corporation shall deem expedient. A course of lectures is annually delivered by the Smith Professor in the publick rooms of the College to the Seniors, conformably to the foregoing regulations. Smith Professor of the French and Spanish Languages and Literature^ and Professor of Belles Lettres. Inaugurated 1817 George Ticknor. An Instructer in French and Spanish was at the same time established by the aid of Mr. Smith's bequest. He is to give lessons in both languages, in one term on three days, and in the other two terms on not less than two days in each week, to such Students as wish to attend him at private hours out of either of the classes, and to those Juniors who choose to study French and Spanish instead of Hebrew. Instructer, Appointed 1817 Francis Sales. RUMFORD PROFESSOR. Benjamin Count Rumford, by his Will register- ed at Paris in 1814, bequeathed to the University as follows : — " I give and bequeath to the University of II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 37 Cambridge in the State of Massachusetts in North Amer- ica, my native country, one thousand dollars per annum forever, for the purpose of founding under the direction and government of the Corporation, Overseers, and Gov- ernors of that University, a new Institution and Profes- sorship, in order to teach by regular courses of aca- demical and public lectures, accompanied with proper experiments, the Utility of the Physical and Mathemat- ical Sciences, for the Improvement of the Useful Arts, and for the extension of the industry, prosperity, happi- ness, and wellbeing of Society." In the same instrument he gave also for the same object the reversion of certain other sums. The money accruing to the University from this be- quest, by the care of the gentlemen who acted in be- half of the Corporation co-operating with the attention and fidelity of the executors, being placed to the credit of the University in the French funds, the Corpora- tion proceeded to establish the Professorship by enact- ing, with the assent of the Overseers, the following Rules and Statutes : — Rules and Statutes of the Rumford Professorship, CHAPTER I. Election of the Professor and his Tenure of Office. 1. The Professor shall be called the Rumford Profes- sor in the University of Cambridge. 2. The first Professor and his successors shall be elected by the President and Fellows, and the election be approved by the Overseers of Harvard College. The Professor shall be a Master of Arts, and shall bear the character of a man of science, piety, and good morals. 3. The Professor after his election, and before he enters on the duties of his office, shall make and sub- scribe a declaration similar to the declarations required of the Medical Professors. 38 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [ll. 4. The Professor shall hold his office by the same tenure generally, as the other Professors on foundations, and shall be subject to removal by the President and Fellows, for any cause by them deemed just and suffi- cient, the Overseers consenting thereto. CHAPTER II. The Duties of the Professor, 1. It shall be the duty of the Professor to execute the Will of the founder, his bequest being made for the *' purpose of founding under the direction and manage- ment of the Corporation, Overseers, and Governors of the University, a new Institution and Professorship, in order to teach, by regular courses of academical and publick lectures, accompanied with proper experiments, the Utility of the Physical and Mathematical Sciences, for the improvement of the Useful Arts, and for the ex- tension of the industry, prosperity, happiness, and well- being of society." 2. In pursuance of this general design of the founder, it shall be the duty of the Professor to explain, and, as far as may be, to elucidate by demonstrations and ex- periments, the manner in which the Mathematical and Physical Sciences are, or have been actually applied to the Arts, and to the purposes of life ; to describe, with illus- trations by the exhibition of experiments and models, valuable improvements, inventions, and discoveries, not generally known or introduced into use ; to engage as opportunity or occasion may suggest, or the Corporation may point out, in particular investigations for making discoveries relating to the theory or practice of the Use- ful Arts, and for ascertaining the value of proposed improvements, communicating the results of his inqui- ries, examinations, and experiments in his lectures, or from the press. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 39 3. It will be the duty of the Professor to point out the sources of information on the various subjects com- prised in the general design of the Rumford Professor- -ship, and which subjects may not be particularly dis- played and treated in the lectures of the Professor. 4. He shall annually, at assigned periods, direct the attention of his hearers and the publick to the valuable discoveries and inventions, which have been offered to the world in the year preceding, and shall point out the most prominent objects of attention and inquiry in phi- losophical, agricultural, and economical subjects, which may be prevalent. 5. In the course of his lectures, he shall take due notice of the labours and services of the Founder in this department of knowledge, and the important results of his researches and experiments. And the Professor shall generally perform such duties relative to the objects of the Professorship, as the Corporation, with the consent of the Overseers, shall from time to time prescribe. 6. The time, the particular subjects, and the number of the Professor's lectures, the manner of giving them, the persons who shall have a right to attend, with the terms and conditions, shall be under the direction of the Corporation. The Corporation proceeded, with the assent of the Overseers, to elect Jacob Bigelow, M. D. Rumford Pro- fessor. Before his acceptance, it was agreed as follows : — 1. That the income of the legacy of Count Rumford should be the Professor's allowance from the University. 2. That the course of instruction should be so regu- lated as not to require his residence at Cambridge. 3. That the expenses of apparatus and materials for experiments should be sustained by the University. 40 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. According to the rules prescribed, the Rumford Pro- fessor delivers, annually, at Cambridge, a course of pub- lick Experimental Lectures, beginning on the first Wed- nesday in April, and continuing three times a week until the Seniors leave College, in the middle of July. The lectures are open to the Senior Class, to the Graduates and Government of the College, and to xiny other persons not connected with the College who may choose to attend. The subjects of these lectures consist chiefly of illus- trations of the application of Natural Philosophy, Chem- istry, Natural History, and parts of the Mathematicks, to the Useful Arts, and to objects of productive industry. Heads of the Course of Lectures delivered at Cam- bridge by the Rumford Professor, 1. 0/ the Materials used in the Arts, — Including stone, bricks, cements, woods, metals, flexible fibres and textures, &c. &c. Their several natures, qualities, and aptitude for particular purposes. 2. Moving Forces used in the Arts, — Animals and men, water, wind, steam, gunpowder, &c. Demonstra- tive description of the steam engine. t^. Arts of Building. — Of foundations, columns, walls, lintels, arches, domes, roofs, windows, chimneys, &c. Of Grecian, Roman and Gothic architecture, with the characteristicks and technical terms of each. 4. Arts of Heating and Ventilation. — Of the econ- omy of dwelling-houses ; of chimneys, fireplaces, stoves, furnaces, air-flues. Laws of the communication of heat. Nature of fuel, and its different varieties. 5. Arts of Locomotion. — Locomotive mechanism in animals. Mechanism of wheel-carriages. Of roads, pavements, railways, bridges. Of sailing and rowing. Of canals. Diving Bell. Aerostation. 6. Elements of Machinery, — Modes of communicat- ing, accelerating, reversing, multiplying, and varying II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 41 motion. Of wheels, axles, pinions, tooth work, pullies, racks, camms, cranks, &c. Of fly wheels. Of friction. 7. Arts of Horology. — Hour glass, clepsydra, sun dial, watches, clocks, &c. 8. Arts of Texture, — Preparation of flexible fibres. Of twisting, spinning, weaving, &c. with their machine- ry. Of felting and paper-making. 9. Arts of Metallurgy. — Melting, alloying, temper- ing, annealing, forging, welding, soldering, stamping, coining, &c. 10. Arts of Vitrification. — Manufacture of glass. Sili- ceous, alkaline, and metallic ingredients. Of melting, blowing, casting, tempering, colouring ; cutting, grind- ing, polishing. 11. Arts of Induration by Heat. — Of bricks and terra cotta. Manufacture of pottery and porcelain. Si- liceous and argillaceous ingredients. Of turning, mould- ing, casting, burning, glazing, enamelling, colouring, &:c. VJ. Arts of Sculpture, Modelling, and Casting. — Mechanical processes of sculpture. Of modelling. Of casting. Of moulds. Preparation and consolidation of plaster. 13. Art of Writing. — History of writing on wood, metals, stones, papyrus, parchment, paper. Stylus, cal- amus, pencils, pens, ink, &c. 14. Arts of Printing. — Cutting and casting of types. Of type metal. Mechanical processes of printing. Printer's press. Stereotype printing. Printing by ma- chinery. Correcting the press. History of printing. 15. Arts of Drawing and Painting. — Philosophical principles of perspective, of light and shade, of colouring. Nature of colouring substances. Painting in water, in oil, in wax, in fresco, in distemper. 16. Arts of Engraving and Lithography. — Engrav- ing on copper and other metals. Engraver's instruments. Line engraving, stippling, etching, mezzotinto, aqua- tinta, &c. Of the rolling press. Of wood engravings. 6 42 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. II.] Of coloured engravings. Of lithography, its principles and processes. To illustrate the foregoing lectures, the Professor makes use of an extensive apparatus of models, ma- chines, instruments, and specimens. Rumford Professor. Inaugurated 1816 Jacob Bigelow. ALFORD PROFESSOR OF NATURAL RELIGION, MORAL PHILOSOPHY, AND CIVIL POLITY. Particular appropriation of the monies paid out of the estate of the late Hon. John Alford of Charlestown, Esquire, by the Hon. Edmund Trowbridge, Esquire, and Richard Gary, Esquire, executors of his last will and testament. Know all men, that whereas we, Edmund Trow- bridge of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesex, Es- quire, and Richard Gary of Gharlestown in said county, Esquire, executors of the last will and testament of the Hon. John Alford, late of Gharlestown aforesaid, Esquire, deceased, did, at several times between the fifteenth day of March, A. D. 1765, and the first day of June A. D. 1782, put into the Treasury of Harvard Gollege in Cambridge, thirteen hundred and sixty- two pounds, eight shillings, and five pence, lawful money, part of the said Alford's estate, to be by their Treasurer let out and kept upon interest, and the growing interest added to the principal yearly, until such a capital should be raised, as that the interest thereof would be sufficient to support in said Gollege a Professor of some particular science of publick utility, and then to be regularly appropriated to that use ; and whereas by reason of the late war, and the evils that attended it, this is not yet done, and there II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 43 is no probability of such a capital being so raised dur- ing our lives : We do therefore now appropriate the said thirteen hundred and sixty-two pounds, eight shillings, and five pence, and the interest thereof in the said Treasury, to and for the support of a Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity, in the said College forever, whose principal duty it shall be by lectures and private instruction to demonstrate the existence of a Deity or First Cause, to prove and illustrate his essential attributes, both natural and moral, to evince and explain his providence and government, together with the doc- trine of a future state of rewards and punishments ; also to deduce and enforce the obligations which man is under to his Maker, and the duties which he owes him, resulting from the perfections of the Deity, and from his own rational nature ; together with the most important duties of social life ; resulting from the several relations which men mutually bear to each other ; and likewise the several duties which respect ourselves, founded not only in our own interest, but also in the will of God ; interspersing the whole with remarks, shewing the coin- cidence between the doctrines of Revelation and the dictates of reason, in these important points ; and lastly, notwithstanding this coincidence, to state the absolute necessity and vast utility of a Divine Revelation. He shall also read a distinct course of lectures- upon that branch of Moral Philosophy which respects the Ap- plication of the Law of Nature to Nations and their rela- tive rights and duties ; and also, on the absolute neces- sity of civil government in some form, and the reciprocal rights and duties of magistrates and of the people, result- ing from the social compact ; and also on the various forms of government which have existed or may exist in the world, pointing out their respective advantages and disadvantages, and what form of government is best adapted to promote to greatest happiness of mankind. And to the end that a regular and systematical divis- 44 FOUNDATlOr^S AND STATUTES. [IL ion of the foregoing subjects, and of all the other branches of science, which come under this Institution, may be had and preserved, as well as a due proportion of time devoted to each, it is declared, that the said Professor shall be under the control of the President^ Fellows, and Overseers of the said College, who may from time to time give such directions relative therero, as they shall judge fit and proper, and as shall be con- sistent with the rules and orders of this Institution. The said Professor shall read his lectures on JNatural Religion to all the four classes of undergraduates ; ihose on Moral Philosophy, to the two Junior classes ; and those on Civil Polity to the Senior class only ; provided nevertheless, that the Officers of the College, and resi- dent Graduates, as likewise such other gentlemen as the Corporation shall permit, shall have a right to attend all or any of the lectures aforementioned. Such Professor shall be chosen by the President and Fellows, and approved by the Overseers of the said Col- lege, when there shall in their judgment be a sufficient fund for his support, raised either in the manner afore- said, or for the present with the assistance of the Col- lege or otherwise, until he can properly be supported in the manner first proposed. But notwithstanding such temporary assistance, the said John Alford, Esq. shall be deemed and considered as the Founder of this Pro- fessorship, and the Professor shall be called the Alford Professor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity. And we do hereby institute and appoint, that the said Professor shall, from time to time, as occasion may re- quire, be elected by the President and Fellows, and ap- proved by the Overseers of the the said College ; that he shall be a Master of Arts, and bear the character of a learned, pious, and honest man ; that he shall be at all times under the care and inspection of the said Pres- ident, Fellows, and Overseers, who shall order and ap- point the times and places for reading his publick and private lectures, and see that the Professor duly attend II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 45 the business of his office, and faithfully discharge the trust aforesaid, reposed in him ; and as a regular and faithful discharge thereof will be sufficient to employ his whole time and thoughts, he shall not, while he holds the said office, be a pastor or teacher of any church or congregation, or an instructer in any other science ; that the said Professor shall hold his office during his good behaviour, and that he be removable from it by the said President, Fellows, and Overseers, for want of ability to execute the trust, or for misbeha- viour in the office, or for immoral and scandalous beha- viour out of it. That the Professor, on the day of his Inauguration, shall, in the presence of the President, Fellows, and Overseers of the said College, profess and declare him- self to be of the Protestant Reformed Religion, and a member of a Protestant church, and shall promise to discharge with diligence and fidelity, the sacred trust aforesaid reposed in him ; that he will endeavour, as well by his example as otherwise, to encourage and promote virtue, true religion, and piety ; and that he will religiously observe the aforesaid Institutes of the Foun- der of this Professorship. That upon the death or removal of a Professor, the vacancy shall be filled up by the President, Fellows, and Overseers (in the same manner as the former Pro- fessor was appointed) with a person in all respects qualified for the office, and prepared as aforesaid to exe- cute it. Witness our hands and seals this eighteenth dav of February, A. D. 1789. EDMUND TROWBRIDGE, [l. s.] RICHARD CARY, [l. s.] Signed, sealed, and delivered in presence of John Foxcroft, ? u .i • j m i -j James Fillebrown, J ^^ '^^ ^'-"'^ Trowbridge. David Devons, ) , r*. , i r^ i- Samcel Cart, \ ^^ ^''^^'^ ^^'^^ ^^^^ 46 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [11. In conformity to the foregoing Institution a Professor was chosen, A. D. 1817, and he proceeded to execute the duties of his office by giving Private and Publick Lectures as prescribed by law, till incapacitated for ser- vice by the disease which closed his valued life in 1822. The income of the foundation not being sufficient for the adequate support of a Professor, the choice of a suc- cessor has been postponed, to give time for the accumu- lation of the fund. Alford Professor of Natural Religion^ Moral Philoso- pliy^ and Civil Polity, Inaugurated Died 1817 Levi Frisbie - . > . 1822 , UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR OF LAW. This Professorship was established May 14, 1817, with a view to the Law School, which was soon after opened at Cambridge under the patronage of the Uni- versity, and the Statutes were enacted as follows : 1. Some Counsellor, learned in the law, shall be elected, to be denominated ^' University Professor of Law," who shall reside in Cambridge, and open and keep a school for the instruction of Graduates of this, or any other University, and of such others, as, according to the rules of admission as attornies, may be admitted after live years' study in the office of some counsellor. 2. It shall be the duty of this officer, with the advice of the Royall Professor of Law, to prescribe a course of study, to examine and confer with the Stu- dents upon the subjects of their studies, and to read lec- tures to them appropriate to the course of their studies, and their advancement in the science, and generally to act the part of a Tutor to them in such manner as will best improve their minds and assist their acquisitions. II.] FOUND A.TIONS AND STATUTES. 47 3. The compensation for this instruction is to be de- rived from the Students ; and a sum not exceeding one hundred dollars a year shall be paid by each one attach- ing himself to the school ; but this sum shall be subject to be reduced hereafter by the Corporation, if in their judgment the emolument of the school shall make such reduction reasonable, and consistent with the interests of the establishment. 4. The Students shall have access to the College Library, on such terms as the Government of the Uni- versity shall prescribe ; and a complete \rw library be obtained for their use, as soon as means for that purpose may be found. 5. The Students shall be permitted to board in Com- mons, on the same terms as the other members of the College, and such accommodation shall be afforded them in respect to lodging-rooms, as may consist with the urgent claims of the existing establishment. 6. As an excitement to diligence and good conduct, a degree of Bachelor of Laws shall be instituted at the University, to be conferred on such Students as shall have remained at least eighteen months at the Univer- sity School, and passed the residue of their noviciate in the office of some counsellor of the Supreme Judicial Court of this Commonwealth, or who shall have remain- ed three years in the school, or, if not a Graduate of any College, five years, provided the Professor having charge of the same shall continue to be a practitioner in the Supreme Judicial Court. 7. The Students shall have the privilege of attending the Lectures of the Royall Professor of Law free of expense, and shall have access to the other lectures of the University usually allowed to be attended by resi- dent Graduates, without charge, or for such reasonable compensation as the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, shall determine. 8. The Law Students shall give bonds for the pay- ment of the College dues, including the charge of the 48 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [II. Professor for instruction, which shall be inserted in the quarter bills, and collected by the College officer ; and the sums received for instruction shall, when received, be paid over by said officer to the Professor. 9. The Law Students shall be on the same footing generally, in respect to privileges, duties, and observance of all College regulations, as by the laws pertain to Resi- dent Graduates. At a subsequent meeting of the Corporation it was agreed, that the Steward should pay to the Professor quarterly the sums charged in the quarter bills to Law Students, the Professor to be accountable for any ulti- mate loss. It was voted also to afford two rooms in College House No. 2, for the use of the Professor and for the Law Library, free of rent. The Professor gives lectures, and attends to disserta- tions written by the Students on the subjects of their studies. University Professor of Law, Inaugurated 1817 Asahel Stearns. DEXTER PROFESSOR OF SACRED LITERATURE. Samuel Dexter, Esq. by his Will dated February 12, 1799, and Codicils dated 1802 and 1809, bequeath- ed ^5000, *' to be applied solely and entirely to the promoting of a critical knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, under the management and direction of the President and Fellows of Harvard College, in conjunction with five associates to be by them elected, to consist of three clerical and two lay gentlemen. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 49 In the year 1811, in compliance with the design of the foregoing bequest, the Trustees established the office of Dexter Lecturer. The gentleman first chosen to this office was arrested in his preparation for the duties of his appointment by untimely death, and his next suc- cessor in the place found his health insufficient for un- dertaking the service. The gentleman then chosen delivered courses of lectures in 1815 and 1816. On the 17th of November, 18 18, the Corporation, with a view to increase the means of Theological edu- cation by additional Professors, " voted, that meetings of the Trustees of the Society for promoting Theological Education at the University, and also of the Trustees of the Dexter Fund, be called, in order that it may be ascertained how far those Boards respectively may be ready to concur with the Corporation in measures rela- tive to the object above stated." At a meeting of the Trustees of the Society for pro- moting Theological Education at Harvard University, December 8, 1818, it was voted, '' That this Board will appropriate a portion of the funds at its disposal not exceeding seven hundred and forty dollars annually, to enable the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, to establish an addi- tional Professor in the Faculty of Theology in the University, whose attention shall be given, free of ex- pense, to the meritorious Students in Theology of limited means, resident at the University, and also to such other Students of Theology as the Corporation shall permit or require to attend upon his instructions on such terms as that Board shall prescribe. '* His instruction shall comprehend the several branches of Sacred Literature (or scriptural criticism,) excepting such branch or branches as he may be authorized to omit, as being comprised in the instruction given by some other Professor or Instructer in the College. " The Professor, as the Corporation from time to time may prescribe or authorize, shall give instruction by 7 50 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL private and publick lectures, with the occasional exami- nation of the Students and requisition of exercises and compositions ; provided, that he deliver publick lectures not less than twice in each term,* on which he shall examine the Theological Students ; provided also, that he have a private lecture not less than three times a week in term-time, said lecture to be precomposed or conducted in the manner pointed out in the plan of in- struction for the Theological Seminary communicated to this Board in the year 1816." '1 At a meeting of the Trustees of the Dexter Fund, May 15, 1818, voted ; '* That 'if the Corporation, with the assent of the Over- seers, shall deem it expedient to establish a Professor of Biblical Criticism, or Sacred Literature, they be au- thorized to appropriate towards the payment of his salary the income of the Dexter Fund ; provided, that the Professor shall be denominated Dexter Professor, and that a sum not less than one thousand dollars from the said Fund shall be put at interest, subject to the dis- posal of the Trustees." The foundation of this Professorship being thus laid, the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, enact- ed the Statutes. By these, the Professor is to perform such duties in the Theological Institution of the Univer- sity as may from time to time be assigned by the Cor- poration, including those specified by the Trustees of the Society above named. He is to have the privileges * At a meeting of the President and Fellows of Harvard College and the Trustees of the Society for promoting Theological Education at Harvard University, August 10, 1820. Whereas by the Statutes of the Dexter Professorship, established in concurrence with the Corporation and the Trustees of the Dexter Fund by this Board, the Dexter Professor is required to give not less than two publick lectures each term ; and whereas the Professor has requested that, when he shall find it convenient, he may be per- mitted to give the number of lectures thus required, consecutively, in any single term, Voted, that his request be granted. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 51 and powers pertaining to the Professors of the College generally, and to make the usual promises and engage- ments. The Professor was chosen and introduced into office August, A. D. 1819. His duties as an Instructer are confined to the Grad- uates, Students of Theology ; he superintends the three Classes of such Students in the critical study of the New Testament ; hears them read dissertations on subjects of Theology, on which he remarks ; examines them regu- larly in some book explaining the rules of interpretation, and attends on one evening in the week to the delivery of sermons by the Students ; and delivers biennially to the two older Classes, a course of Lectures on the inter- pretation of the New Testament. Dexter Lecturers upon Sacred Literature, Appointed Died or resigned 1811 Joseph Stevens Buckminster - 1812 1812 William Ellery Channing - 1813 1813 Andrews Norton - - - 1819 Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature, Inaugurated 1819 Andrews Norton, PROFESSOR OF MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. In the month of January 1821, a Professorship of Mineralogy and Geology was instituted, several friends of the University having proffered an annual subscription for three years in aid of the design. It was made the duty of the Professor to attend to the preservation and disposition and increase of the Mineral Cabinet ; to give publick and private instruc- tion in Geology at the University, and, after the ensuing year, to deliver at Cambridge, the course on Chemistry. 52 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. [IL before assigned to the Erving Professor of Chemistry. The Professor of Mineralogy having relinquished his office in the autumn of the next foHowing year, the fore- going duties have recently been assigned to a gentle- man as Lecturer in Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geolo- gy, who is to reside at Cambridge. Professor of Mineralogy and Geology, Appointed Resigned 1821 Joseph Green Cogswell - - 1822 1824 John White Webster, Lecturer. OF OTHER OFFICERS NOT ON FOUNDATIONS, AND SEVERAL GENERAL REGULATIONS AND STATUTES.* 1. ''The Executive Government of the College is vested in the President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, Regent, and Proctors, who shall severally exercise such powers and perform such duties, as have been or shall be assigned to them by the Corporation and Overseers." 2. " The President, the Professors not exempted by the tenure of their offices, and the Tutors, with the other officers at any time designated, constitute the Immediate Government of the University " 3. " The several officers in their individual capacity, or as members of the Immediate Government, are to exert their authority and influence in maintaining disci- pline, and promoting virtue, piety, and good learning in the Society ; to notice and punish violations of the laws; to refer offences, exceeding the power of a single officer to punish, to the Immediate Government, and to afford the President and Government their information, advice, and co-operation." * See MS Laws of College, respecting duties and compensations; aUo printed laws, ed. 1790, 1798, 1807, 1814, 1816, and 1820. II.] FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. 63 4. " The President is to reside constantly at Cam- bridge. The Professors, unless specially exempted, are to reside constantly at Cambridge ; having chambers in the College, or dwelling near it. The Tutors, the Li- brarian, the Regent, and the Proctors, shall have cham- bers in the College. The officers living in the College are to be in Commons, unless exempted, in case of sick- ness, by vote of the Corporation, and in other cases by the Corporation with the assent of the Overseers. 5. " The Tutors" shall be chosen for a term not ex- ceeding three years, at the expiration of which a new election shall be made by the Corporation and presented to the Overseers for their acceptance." 6. The Librarian, chosen in like manner for three years, shall have like power and authority as the Tutors, and act with the Immediate Government. 7. The Regent, Proctors, and Assistant Librarian, shall exercise the same inspection and authority as a parietal Tutor. The Regent is to make up the quarter bills, and also to keep the book of absences. 8. " Whereas it is inexpedient, on divers accounts, that any Class should make presents to any one in the instruction or government of the College, it is expected, that the President, Professors, Tutors, and Librarian, discourage any attempt to make and absolutely decline accepting any such presents." 9. '' No person shall sustain any office in the execu- tive part of the Government of the College, who has the pastoral care of a church, or who holds any civil office, except the office of justice of the peace; and whoever shall accept such pastoral care, or any civil office, except that of justice of the peace, shall be considered as re- signing his place at College, and the same shall be void, and a new election shall take place." 10. One of the Immediate Government is Registrar, and keeps a record of the votes of the Board and one of the same body is Inspector of the publick edifices, su- perintends repairs, and the like. * See Appendix B. 54 FOUNDATIONS AND STATUTES. II.] 11. In December 1810, it was voted, " that the sal- aries last granted to the present officers of the College be their annual salaries, to be paid to them quarter- yearly, until the same shall be altered by this Board, with the approbation of the Overseers." [See Treasu- rer's Statement, No. I.] In the year 1814, a grant was made in addition to the salaries of certain of the officers to be paid quarter- yearly, till further determined by the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers. Lihrarian. Appointed 1823 Charles Folsom. Tutors, 1820 George Otis, Tutor in Latin. 1820 James Hayward, Tutor in Mathematicks and Nat. Phil. Regent. 1820 John Fessenden. Proctor, 1821 George Rapall Noyes. Assistant Lihrarian. 1822 John Porter- APPENDIX. A. For some time after the institution of the first Professorships, as well as before, the instruction seems to have been given almost wholly by the Tutors, each Tutor taking the charge of a Class in the several branches of study. In 1766, a new plan of study was adopted, in which each of the Tutors was required to superintend the instruc- tion in one leading branch of study only, the several Classes attend- ing in succession ; and the number of departments into which the studies were divided was four, according to the number of Tutors, namely : 1. Latin, 2. Greek, 3. Logick and Metaphysicks, 4. Math- ematicks and Natural Philosophy. In 1776, this plan was modified, so as to excuse the Students entirely from exercises in the languages during the last year, while the number of exercises in these departments was increased during the first year in the same proportion. This plan seems to have con- tinued without material alteration down to the year 1814, when the present arrangement was introduced. Moreover, about this time, on account of the increased number of the Students and the subdivision of the Classes, an additional Tutor both in the Languages and in the Mathematicks was appointed. The changes, and the great number of new departments that have since been provided for, have not abridged in any degree the duties of the Professor of Mathematicks. There is, indeed, no account of any deduction from the number of exercises and lectures originally required while the Founder was yet living, who seems to have been consulted and to have taken a great interest in all that related to his Professorships. Some import- ant additions, however, have been made to the duties of this office. In 1785, a course of fifteen lectures on Astronomy, not provided for in the Statutes, was prescribed by the Corporation and Overseers. This number has since, at the discretion of the Professor, been con- siderably increased, as well as that of the other two courses on Theoretical and Experimental Physicks. These two latter courses, moreover, have since been combined together in one connected series of lectures, that are continued from day to day, till the whole is finished. They are also confined to one Class, and given while this Class is attending the recitations in Natural Philosophy ; and the Theoretical course, as well as the Experimental, is repeated every year, instead of being delivered once in four years, as prescribed in the Statutes. 56 APPENDIX. [II. About the time of the adoption of the present system of studies, the Professor of Mathematicks took charge of the private exercises in Astronomy, instead of the same number of exercises in the pure Mathematicks, by wa}'^ of exchange with the Tutors, for the purpose of uniting the recitations with the lectures in this department. B. In September 1811, it was " voted by the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, that the annual salary of any Tutor who shall have been in office more than three years, and not exceeding six, shall be eight hundred dollars, to be paid to him quarter-yearly, so long as he shall remain Tutor ; and that the annual salary of any Tutor who shall have been in office more than six years shall be one thousand dollars, to be paid to him quarter-yearly, so long as he shall remain Tutor. And be it further voted, that any Tutor who shall have been in office more than six years, shall have the style and rank of Professor of the department of which he is an Instructer, so long as he shall remain Tutor ; provided, however, that said Pro- fessor be entitled to all the privileges, and subject to all the duties to which, as Tutor he would be entitled and suljject, and that the ten- ure of his office remain the same, he being bound to such further duties connected with his department, and entitled to such exemptions as shall be determined by the Corporation, with the assent of the Over- seers."* The first of the Professors following, became so in conse- quence of the foregoing vote. The two others were appointed with the same tenure of office, by a special vote of the two College Boards. College Professors of Latin, Appointed Resigned ' 1811 Levi Frisbie - - - - 1817 1817 John Brazer - - . 1820 College Professor of Greek. 1811 AshurWare - - - - 1815 The office of Instructer in Rhetorick and Oratory existed from 1812 till 1817. Instr^icters in Rhelorick and Oratory. 1812 Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham 1815 1815 Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright 1817 * This law is rescinded, except with respect to the Tutors now in office. 27 December, 1824. No. III. ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDXATC GOVfiBNMCNT. TO QUESTIONS PROPOSED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE OVERSEERS. III. QUESTIONS PROPOSED TO THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT OP HARVARD COXiLEaEy BY THE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF OVERSEERS, OCTOBER 16, 1824. 1. How is the Immediate Government constituted, and what are its powers and duties ? What changes have taken place in its organization or numbers for twenty years past ? How often are its meetings holden, how much time do they occupy, and how many members usually attend them ? Is the business transacted by the whole body, or by permanent or occasional committees ; and in what cases have the committees power to act definitively ? 2. Who are the Parietal Officers, and what are their powers and duties as such ? Do they hold meetings, and if so, how often, and for what purposes ? 3. What practical inconveniences have resulted from the organization of these bodies, or either of them ? 4. In what manner have the qualifications required for admission been varied during the last twenty years ? What is generally the age of the applicants ? How is their examination conducted ? Does it enable you to judge with confidence of their fitness for admission ? Are individuals often admitted who are subsequently found to be unqualified ? 4 QUESTIONS. [III. 5. Are the Classes subdivided, and in what manner ? 6. How many private exercises and public lectures are attended by the Students of each Class ? 7. How many private exercises and public lectures are given by each Instructer, and how much time do they occupy ? 8. How many Students, on an average, are absent from the exercises, and how many exercises are omitted by the Instructers ? 9. Are the Students required to take notes, and are they examined in relation to the subjects, of all the pub- lic lectures, and if not, what are the obstacles to this mode of proceeding ? Are persons not connected with the College admitted to the lectures of the Professors, or any of them, and on what terms ? 1 0. How are the private exercises conducted ? Are difficulties explained, and oral instructions given at them or not ? 11. How far have the Students a choice as to what studies they may pursue ? 12. In what branches do the Students make more progress, and in what less, than at any former time within the knowledo^e of the Government ; and what is the extent of the difference, if any, for the last twenty years ? 13. How are the annual examinations conducted ? Can you form a just estimate from them alone of the absolute and relative attainments of each Student in every branch of study ? Or do they greatly assist you in forming such estimate ? Can such estimate be made by each instructer in his own department from the reci- tations and lectures ? 14. Are the absences, omissions, defaults, punish^ ments, acquirements, and relative rank, in every branch of study, of each Student recorded ; and are these re- cords, or any of them made publick, or are they open to the iaspection of the Student's friends ? III.] QUESTIONS. 5 15. What is the whole amount of vacations and holi- days ? And what is the average amount of occasional absence from College in term time for each Student ? 16. How many Students are usually employed in keeping schools in the winter ; and what is taught in those schools ? How long are they thus occupied ? What compensation do they receive, and what is com- monly the number of their pupils ? How far does this pursuit interfere with the prosecution of their studies, and what is generally tlieir character as scholars ? 17. What honours and rewards are bestowed on merit, and what portion of the Students perform their exercises in a satisfactory manner ? 18. What punishments are inflicted, and what tasks are imposed, for absence and negligence ? 19. What is the average number of fines and their amount ? 20. Are offences which were formerly punished, now tolerated, or the converse ? and if so, what offences, and to what extent ? Is there a difference, in respect to con- duct and rank as scholars, between Students entering College aged from fifteen to sixteen years, and those entering aged from sixteen to seventeen years ? And if so, what is the difference ? 21. Have punishments been more frequent and se- vere of late than formerly, or less so ; and to what degree ? If a material change has taken place in this respect, can it be ascribed to any definite cause, and to what cause ? 22. In what manner is the practice of the grosser vices punished, and what means are possessed or meas- ures adopted for detecting them, and how many instances of punishment on this account have occurred during the last twenty years ? 23. What are the usual bodily exercises and amuse- ments of the students, and what time is allowed for them ? 6 QUESTIONS. [III. 24. What proportion of the Students reside within the walls and board in Commons ; and on what condi- tions are they allowed to reside and board in private families ? How long did the regulation, that all the Stu- dents should board in Commons, continue ? What incon- veniences were found to result from it ; when, and why was it changed, and what has been the effect of the <^hange ? 25. What are the necessary expenses of a Student, the cost of clothing excepted ? It is wished that each item may be stated separately, and those included in the College bills distinguished. 26. Have any of these charges been greatly increased or diminished within the last twenty years ; if so, which of them, and how much ? 27. Are the Students less or more extravagant in their voluntary expenditures now than formerly ? Is this extravagance general ? In what description of Stu- dents is it most conspicuous, and in what manner is it principally displayed ? 28. Has the law of the State restraining the giving of credit to the Students been enforced, and if so, what is its effect ? 29. What other measures are adopted for regulating their expenses, and what is found to be their operation ? 30. What is the relation of the Graduates to the College, and how far are their studies and conduct reg- ulated ? 31. How many of the Graduates, and what propor- tion of the scholars are beneficiaries ? How much money do they receive ? From what funds is it derived ? By whom, and under what rules is it apportioned among them, and with what reference to their standing as to scholarship and moral character? ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT, Question 1. (1.) How is the Immediate Government constituted, and what are its powers, and duties ? (2.) What changes have taken place in its organization or numbers for twenty years past ? (3.) How often are its meetings hol- den, how much time do they occupy, and how many mem- bers usually attend them? (4.) Is the business transacted by the whole body, or by permanent or occasional com- mittees ; and in what cases have the committees powxr to act definitively. Answer 1. (1.) The President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, Re- gent, and Proctors, are Executive Officers.* The Immediate Government consists of the President, the Professors, not exempted, and the Tutors. The present members of the Immediate Government are: The President. The Professor of Divinity. ^* Logick and Metaphysicks. " Greek. ^^ Hebrew and other Oriental Lan- guages. " Mathematicks and Natural Philoso- phy. *^ Rhetorick and Oratory. ^^ Greek Literature. The Tutor in Latin. ^' Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy. * See Appendix A. '8 ANSWERS OF THEIM MEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. Individual Executive Officers may inflict a fine ; the President of two dollars ; any other of one dollar. All other punishments rest with the Immediate Government. The Immediate Government, as a body, decide upon the admission of Students, upon most of their rewards and College honours, and also upon punishments beyond a fine. (2.) No changes in the organization of the Government have taken place within twenty years, and for a long period preceding. The number has of late years varied from ten to thirteen. The present number is ten. (3.) They have a stated meeting in the evening weekly, lasting commonly from one to three hours, at which all are present, unless necessarily prevented. The number of occasional meetings is nearly the same, except when an unusual state of the College requires more. (4.) A permanent quarterly Committee of three mem- bers of the Government, appointed in rotation, attends to the Gtuarter Bills ; judges of excuses for absence from College, except in particular cases, which are refer- red to the whole Government The accounts against Stu- dents for repairs are passed by the Inspecter and Regent. The rooms are assigned by the President and Tutors. A committee of the Government joined to one or more of the Corporation, have had charge of questions relating to the order and times of lectures and recitations. There has been a stated committee for attending to the laws relating to the expenditures of the Students, and another to see to the execution of the law establishing a uniform dress. Qtiestion 2. (1.) Who are the Parietal Officers, and what are their powers and duties as such ? (2.) Do they hold meetings, and if so, how often, and for what purposes? Answer 2. ( 1 .) The parietal board consists of the Officers occupy- ing chambers in the College. They are to exercise inspec- tion and authority in their particular districts, as well as III.] ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 9 throughout College. (2.) These officers find it useful to meet three times a week to take notice together of minor irregularities ; and use jointly the power of punishing, whi h each possesses as a single officer. Where they think an offence from its nature or repetition calls for se\^erer censure than they can inflict, they report it to the whole Government. Question 3. What practical inconveniences have resulted from the organization of these bodies, or either of them ? Answer 3. There are inconveniences arising from the present organization of the Government, particularly from its numerousness ; but these inconveniences are supposed to be compensated by greater advantages, such as the securing of harmony and mutual support among all the Officers ; the union of all the knowledge of different individuals, as to facts and characters in any case, which knowledge is often of such a nature as to be brought out only in the course of the proceedings ; the greater con- fidence of the Students and the publick, and the influence given to each Instructer from his being a member of that body which judges in the last resort. It is further ob- served, that if we would have offences rightly ascertain- ed and estimated, and censured with uniformity and efficiency, — if we would have a consistent and effectual discipline, we must exercise the executive power in a body ; that this is the only way to keep up a good un- derstanding among the Officers, and acquaint each with the views and practice of the others, and with all the changes that are to be introduced ; — the only way to prevent confusion of all kinds, and to make the Students feel that there is some power to be obeyed. 2 10 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL The evils of the present organization are liable to be differently estimated. It is the prevailing belief of this Board that any essential change is not expedient. The authorizing of a part of the body to take cognizance of business of common and continual occurrence, with pow- er to punish below suspension, is deemed worthy of trial. Question 4. (1.) In what manner have the Qualifications required for Admission been varied during the last twenty years r (2.) What is generally the Ageof the applicants ?7(3.) How is their Examination conducted ? Does it enable you to judge wdth confidence of their fitness for admission ? Are individuals often admitted who are subsequently found to be unqualified ? Answer 4. (1.) Previously to 1803, candidates for admission were examined in '' Tully, Virgil, the New Testament, the Rules of Grammar and Prosody, and the Writing of Latin." Since that time, the following additional books and studies have been required, viz : in 180.^, the four fundamental rules of Arithmetick and Proportion, Sal- lust, and Collectanea Graeca Minora; in 1807, Modern Geography ; in 1808, Ancient Geography ; in 1806, the remainder of Arithmetick ; in 1819, Algebra to the end of Simple Equations. (2.) The following is the average of the ages of the classes for the years stated. Class enterins: 1752. 2 12 to 13 1 13 (i 14 5 14 (.(, 15 5 13 (.(. 16 1 16 if. 17 6 17 a 18 3 18 (.(. 19 1 20 I 22 1753. 1 121 8 14 to 15 .2 15 " 16 2 16 '' 17 4 17 " 18 1 19 average 15 years 5 months- >5 average 16 years 3 months. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 11 Class entering 1754. 2 12f 1 isj 5 14 to 15 5 15 " 16 6 16 ^' 17 3 17 '^ 18 3 18 '' 19 2 19 " 20 1 20 1 28i 1755. 4 13 to 14 5 14 " 15 9 15 '• 16 5 16 " 17 5 17 ^' 18 3 18 " 19 2 19 '' 20 2 20 1 21i 1 23f 29 average 16 years 7 months, 37 average 16 years 6 months. 1 806. 2 13 to 14 11 14 " 15 19 15 " 16 22 16 " 17 8 17 " 18 2 18 " 19 2 19 " 20 3 20 " 21 2 21 " 22 3 22 " 23 1 23 1807. 2 12 to 13 4 13 " 14 16 14 " 15 12 15 " 16 11 16 " 17 7 17 " 18 3 18 " 19 3 19 " 20 2 20 1 21f 75 average 16 years 5 months. 61 average 16 years. 1808. 1 13f 7 14 to 15 12 15 '^ 16 6 16 " 17 4 17 " 18 1 181 3 19 " 20 2 21i 36 average 16 years 4 months. 1809. 6 13 to 14 3 14 " 15 20 15 " 16 9 16 " 17 5 17 " 18 3 18 " 19 3 19 " 20 1 21i 1 22i 51 average 16 years 5 months. 12 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [Ill, Class entering 1820. 1821. 2 13 to 14 2 13 to 14 8 14 "15 8 14 " 15 24 15 " 16 26 15 " 16 19 16 " 17 24 16 " 17 ]8 17 " 18 10 17 " 18 7 18 " 19 3 18 " 19 3 19 " 20 2 19 " 20 3 20 " 21 1 20 2 21 " 22 2 22 " 23 1 23| 1 23 1 26 — — 79 1 average 16} 88 average 16 years 10 months. 1822. 1823. 1 11 3 14 to 15 2 13 to 14 21 15 " 16 3 14 " 15 18 16 " 17 21 15 " 16 10 17 " 18 21 16 " 17 9 18 " 19 9 17 " 18 1 19 12 18 " 19 3 20 " 21 4 19 " 20 1 21 3 20 " 21 2 22 " 23 3 21 " 22 1 23i 2 22 " 23 1 26 3 23 " 24 3 24 " 26 70 average 17 1 25 88 average 17 years 6 months. (3.) The Examination for admission is conducted in the following manner. There are usually twelve or thirteen Examiners, and the Candidates for admission are divided into as many Sections, and each Section passes round in order, to each of the Examiners. The several studies prescribed are distributed among the Examiners, making so many distinct branches, thus : 1. Latin Grammar. 2. Virgil's Georgics. 3. jEneid^ 4. Cicero's Orations. 5. Sallust. 6. The making of Latin. 7. Greek Grammar. 8. Prose part of Collec- tanea Grasca Minora. 9 Poetic part of Collectanea Graeca Minora. 10. Greek Testament. 11. Arithme- tick. 12. Algebra. 13. Geography. There are ac- III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1^ cordingly six distinct Examiners in Latin, four in Greek, two and sometimes three in Mathematicks, and one in Geography. The number of Candidates in a division is usually from four to six, and the time em- ployed upon a division by each Examiner, from half an hour to an hour. The Examiners note at the time, by a uniform system of marks, whether the Candidate is admissible or not, and how much he is above or below the requisite qualifications. After the Examination is finished, the Examiners meet and vote, according to their marks, on the admission of the Candidates, a cer- tain number of whom come in without any question being made. Then the cases of those Candidates who were objected to in certain departments are particularly considered ; and if it is found that the objections are few and slight, and that the deficiencies are compensated by extraordinary merit in corresponding branches, the Can- didate is admitted. There is another class of Candi- dates in which the deficiencies are more considerable, or without any thing to compensate them in other analo- gous branches of study. Those of this description are admitted on the condition that the deficient studies be made up in the vacation, when it is judged that the time thus allowed will be sufficient for the purpose. When the deficiencies are thought to exceed this amount, the Candidate is rejected. The number so rejected, varies from two to eight or ten. It was six in 1820 ; six in 1821 ; three in 1822 ; four in 1823. The Government rarely mistake in their estimate of the qualifications of Candidates. In a few instances, from compassion or other considerations, they have admitted persons whom they at the time did not think properly qualified. In these cases they have found their first judgment confirmed by the daily recitations. The examination in Latin and Greek is likely to be more effectual from the circumstance of there being so many independent Examiners in each. This is in a de- gree compensated in Arithmetick and Algebra by the manner in which the examination is conducted. 14 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IlL Questions are selected which involve the rules and prin- ciples that the Candidate is required to know. Ten or twelve of these questions, previously prepared, are given to each of the Candidates, with a slate and pencil, and each is accordingly employed during the whole time the division is present. The question of admissibility is soon settled with regard to four fifths of the Candidates, and the greater part of the time is spent with the remaining fifth, comprehending the doubtful cases. If the examination were intended to operate as an excitement upon those who are preparing for College to exceed the bare amount of knowledge required, more time ought to be allowed them to display the knowledge they have been so long acquiring, and several days, or perhaps a week, would be found hardly sufficient for forming an accurate judgment as to their relative merit ; and this, after all, would only be anticipating the work of one or two terms in College. The object of those who have been in the Govern- ment for a course of years, has been to raise the qualifications gradually, not only by the addition occa- sionally of new books and new studies, but by insisting upon a more exact and thorough knowledge of such as are prescribed ; and considerably more, it is believed, has actually been effected in this way, than by the for- mal requisition of new books. It is a long, slow, and difficult work to set higher the standard of instruction in the numerous academies and private schools where young men are prepared for College ; yet this has been done very perceptibly, and is still doing. There has been no relaxation on the part of the Government. The Candidates come to the Examination now with a much greater amount of knowledge than was exacted fifteen years ago, and yet, upon an average, the proportional number refused admission continues about the same. Question 5. (1.) Are the Classes subdivided, (2.) and in what manner ? III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 15 Answer 5. (1.) The classes are heard in divisions or halves, and in sections or quarters, as follows : DIVISIONS. Latin, - - - Juniors. Greek, - - Fresh. Soph, and Jun. Mathematicks, first term and > q • ^ , ,^ 1 ' , > oeniors. half the second, - ) Natural Philosophy, - Juniors. Logick, - - Soph omores. Ethicks, - - - Juniors. Rhetorick, - - Sophomores. Theology, - - Juniors. English Grammar, - Freshmen. Forensicks, - - Juniors and Seniors. SECTIONS. Latin, - - Freshmen and Sophomores. Mathematicks, (principally) Fresh. Soph, and Jun. (2.) The subdivisions are made alphabetically, with periodical interchanges of sections. Two years ago, in one department, a trial was made of dividing a Class into five or six sub-sections, according to their proficien- cy ; but on account of particular difficulties attending it, it was discontinued. As this mode of classification was only very partially adopted, the experiment did not afford ground for judging of its general expediency. Question 6. How many Private Exercises and Public Lectures are attended by the Students of each Class ? * Ansiver 6. In Nov. 1821, the recitations and lectures attended by the students of the respective Classes in the several de- partments were as follows, and have not since been materi- ally varied, except as to the order, and, in a few courses, the number of the lectures ; viz. "1. The Freshman Class recite three times a day, six days in the week ; except that on Saturday they have two reci- tations, and an exercise either in reading or declaiming. * See the Course of Instruction and Lectures in Appendix B, 16 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL ^'2. The Sophomore Class have the same number of exercises. On Saturday morning they have an exercise in declaiming, and English Translation or Composition alternately each once a fortnight instead of an exercise in reading and declaiming. " 3. The Juniors have the same number of exercises, with the following exceptions, viz. 1. On Thursday forenoon, instead of the ordinary recitation, this Class have a Theme once in two weeks, and a Forensick disputa- tion once in four; that is, three Thursdays out of four, they have either a Theme or a Forensick, through the year. 2. On Friday forenoon, they have, in the place of a recita- tion, a lecture upon Rhetorick or Philology, and, after the Seniors leave College, a Lecture from the Rumford Pro- fessor. 3. Instead of the declamation on Saturday, they have, with the Seniors, a publick declamation once a week, on Friday afternoon. 4. For the second exercise on Sat- urday morning required of the Freshmen and Sopho- mores, is substituted in the Junior year a Lecture in Theology or in Natural Philosophy.* They have more- over nine lectures a fortnight through the second term in Natural and Experimental Philosophy, for which there is no exercise given up. On the whole, therefore, instead of the regular forenoon recitations of Thursday and Friday, the Juniors have a Theme once a fortnight, and a Forensick once a month, two lectures a week through the year, and four lectures a week during the second term. '' 4. The Seniors have Themes and Forensicks on Thurs- day during the first term like the Juniors, except that the Thursday afternoon exercise gives place once a month to a Forensick. They have also a lecture at ten in the morning, and a declamation at two in the afternoon on Friday, and a lecture on Saturday in common with the Juniors, and with the same exemptions. In addition to these, they have three lectures a week on French Liter- ature, and three a week on Astronomy during the first term ; and one lecture a week on Greek Literature, and * The lectures on Natural Philosophy are now to be given in the second term with the experimental lectures. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1? one a week from the Rumford Professor through the year, for which there is no dispensation from exer- cises except that of Tuesday forenoon* from the begin- ning of the second term. They have also, during the first half of the second term, two lectures a week on Moral and Political Philosophy, and four a week on Nat- ural Philosophy, t without any remission of their other duties. From the middle of the second to the middle of the third term (when they leave College), the ordina- ry forenoon exercises of Monday and Wednesday, and the afternoon exercises of Monday, Tuesday, and Wednes- day, amounting in all to sixty, give place" to the follow- ing additional lectures, namely, on Physiology and Rules of Health, on Anatomy, on Chemistry and Mineralogy, on Law, on Ecclesiastical History, on the Application of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences to the Use- ful Arts, and on other subjects. '' On most of the publick lectures the attendance is obli- gatory, and the student is required to be examined at sta- ted times on the subjects of the lectures. In several of the courses, as upon Anatomy, Chemistry, &:c. consid- erable preparatory reading is necessary on the part of the student. Provision is also made in the arrangement of studies for attendance upon the lectures on Natural History, which is not required by law. " It is to be recollected, moreover, that it is during this year, that the diligent and faithful student is to find time to prepare his literary and scientifick performances, his Dissertations for Prizes, &c." The lectures and exercises to be given are arranged by the Committee of Instruction, at the beginning of each I* College year, and are liable therefore to some variation. * The Tuesday forenoon Lesson has been given up only since the Lectures on Greek Literature began. f By a late arrangement, the Seniors will not attend the Lectures on Natural Philosophy. Heretofore the two upper classes have at- tended at the same time. 3 Is ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL For the last two years the publick lectures have been given to the classes separately, and at short intervals, as appears from the Plan of Lectures for 1823. [See Ap- pendix B.] The number of lessons, exercises, and lectures, for tbe several classes is as follows : Lessons^ Exercises, and Lectures for Undergraduates. LESSOiNS. Fresh. Soph. Jun. Sen. TotaL Greek - - -. . 189 137 6Q 392 do. Substitute foi Hebrew 19 19 Latin - - - _ 189 i3r 48 374 do. Substitute for Hebrew 19 19 Algebra - - - - 91 16 107 Geometry - - 69 47 116 Analytical Geometry HI 32 143 Topography - - - 30 32 62 Natural Philosophy 7^ 78 Astronomy - - - 2,7 2>^ 7'i Chemistry - - _ 62 62 Fluxions. Substitute for Chemistry 62 62 Mathematicks. Substitute for Hebrew 38 38 Logick and Intellectual Philosophy 54 72 21 147 Moral and Political Philosophy 18 99 117 Theology ^ - 35 12 47 Hebrew - - - _ 38 38 English Grammar 12^ 12 Rhetorick - - - - S6 62 97 History and Antiquities 33 33 m Declamations - 20 34 34* 54 Themes 14 17 11 42 French and Spanish Languages 156 156 180 195 687 Forensick Disputations 9 7 16 LECTURES. Theology (38 to the whole University^ ) ^% 7(x Astronomy _ - - 2>(^ Natural Philosophy 58 Chemistry - - - 45 Mineralogy 30 Law _ - - - 17 r 15 Anatomy \ to r 20 *' The Juniors and Seniors attend a publick declamation together. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 1^ LECTURES, [continued.] Fresh. Soph. Jun. Sen. Total Universal Grammar 36 French Language and Literature f 30 < to 55 Rhetorick and Oratory (34 Greek Literature 51 Application of the Sciences to the Arts 40 Physiology, and Rules of Health 6 Natural History 20 The foregoing are the Exercises and Lectures which the Students have an opportunity, and, with a few ex- tjeptions, are under an obligation to attend. The atten- dance on the lessons in French and Spanish is vohjntary, except about 40, given to such of the Junior Class as choose this substitute for Hebrew. The voluntary les- sons are given at vacant hours between the stated ex- ercises. Question 7. How many private exercises and public lectures are given by each Instructor, and how much time do they occupy ? Answer 7* The Answer to this Question is in the following Table. ' 20 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [TIL ^ '^. •sajnjoai JO i^iox SS i> «c S 22 g «5 JO arajxiq H« - - rt •sajnps'j JO OM 5^ ? i^ fO ^?£?^ 'is^ •suossai JO leiox g OS ^ «5 C^ r-i to •uossa'j; »c ^ — qOB3 I ^^'^ JO a mixta •SUOSS9T to eq o JO OM ^ - ^ i> cq o -1 oj -^ CO * CO *- '' -H. ^.2 o s a O 0, in c/2 3 ^ ^3 £ l-§ 22 s2 S 2 "K u o o ^ o « c •c £ cH'S c e5 x Q tn O m en W 1^ o Q CO s § P ^ *5 g ^:& o , > -JJ s 6J> H H CO u Pi4 |CQ O T? 'S ^ > O «^ O CQ O cc tf2 s S is 3 I-] ii -S-- ^ t^ 1- «r J3^ ^i O 2 lo a< g s 'O 3 r-l 3 £ o II 1= French and Languages terature, 1 1 1 22 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. tc JO [B^ox P T10B9 I ^ JO -oisl •snossai S ^ S 2? JO |Biox -^ o' TT cq •UOSS9'J ?= JO aaiixS: SU0SS91 ^WJ^_ cCQ0COiO^C)>C'LOQ0.ncOt^ Oi JO -o^si :;:♦ X « .^rr x^"" •^-"" 2 o^ o S.-^ 2 o o J 2^2 i-H .„ tn .— -5 t« '5 "" '^ ^ "X c« "5 •'-> ■— c r; C s ^- 3 S 1- O 3 -? C» pt+ C» i- C/2 1-5 CK O O O 5 *< M o^ § '^^ ^ s 1 < ^ ^^ ^ o & S'. /. So. Fr. 40 47 55 61 39 77 32 163 64 63 41 33 31 44 106 273 150 48 264 183 226 117 III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 27 three years next preceding October of 1821 by the cor- responding number of students, gives for the average three and tivo thirds, A similar estimate for the last three years gives two and one third The unexcused absences, therefore, on the whole, have been gradually and very con- siderably reduced. The exercises at the same time have been increased in number and difficulty. The following is the Report of the Immediate Gov- ernment to the Board of Overseers at the semi-annual visitation on the 19th of Oct. 1824, for the 4th quarter, 1818- -19. 1819- -20. S. J. So. Fr, S. /. So. Fr. 1st Qr. 138 43 78 22 156 91 18 6 2d 121 89 75 84 104 101 39 48 3d 88 71 56 79 11 70 43 S2 4th 73 75 22 8 39 79 35 Sum 347 276 284 207 279 301 179 121 1820- -21. 1821- -22. ,S'. /. So, Fr. ^S*. J. So. Fr. 1st Qr. 30 50 37 3 32 38 50 2 2d 165 21 53 33 69 93 44 8 3d 22 15 88 75 6 14 17 26 4th 4 66 96 20 81 27 13 221 152 274 131 107 226 138 49 1822- -23. 1823- -24. S, J. So. Fr. S. /. So. Fr. 1st Qr. 98 19 63 43 25 45 63 2d 117 57 89 48 19 75 70 32 3d 17 58 54 81 40 71 61 20 4th 48 38 54 32 21 7 232 182 244 226 84 223 215 59 28 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. ending June 25, and the 1st quarter, ending Oct. 1, 1824, being 19 weeks. -p. 9 « p ,„ P ?, o p „t 3 o o G TO a s g i Ji It Is s 1 1 11 2 a o '^^^ i" the Sophomore ,^1 00, in the Junior ^'1 25, in t!ie Senior ^1 50: and (his sum is tiie amount of all the fities for absence from College exercisesf and duties, and for tardiness ; ab- sence from prayers being reckoned 3 cents, from a private exercise or lecture 11 cents, a Theme 22, and a Forensick 44 cents. The punishments which follow in succession upon a re[)etition of negligence to the above amounts are, first, Private Admonition w^ilh a letter to the parents or friends; 2 Publick Admonition with a letter ; 3. Suspension; 4. Dismission from College. t Absence from publick worship on Sunday is not included; the fine is 33 cents for each half day. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIxVTE GOVERNMENT. 43 three months next preceding the usual time of making such recommendations, neglect two exercises in compo- sition, either Themes or Forensicks. The law which provides that omitted or neglected exercises may be required at other than the stated times, and the rule of the Government, excluding temporary absence from the admitted excuses for non- performance at examinations and reviews, have been applied more generally, and have had an influence in diminishing the amount of applications for licensed ab- sence from College. (2.) The following is the state of the record for two distinct periods, one of three years, and one of four. £ged between 15 and 16. Jlged between 16 and 17. Class entering ] No. | Suspended or dismissed. |I No. j Suspended or dismissed. 1814") 1815 [> 55 9 28 6 18173 1820] ml\ 8* '" 7i 1823] With respect to rank as Scholars, it appears that, in the Class that was graduated in 1824, of the number 23, between 15 and 16 years of age when they entered Col- lege, there were, when the Class w^as graduated, 6 in the first quarter of the Class in literary rank and merit, and 10 in the first half. In the same Class, of the number l9, between 16 and 17 years of age when they entered, there were, when the Class was graduated, 5 in the first quarter of the Class, and 9 in the first halfi Questioti 21. Have punishments been more frequent and severe of late than formerly, or less so ; and to what degree? If a material change has taken place in this respect, can it he ascribed to any definite cause, and to what cause ? Ansiver 21. As to punishments, see the annexed Table^ 44 ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. H It- |"5 \n 5xau sjBaA'i^aqj joj noi^jodoaj CX) JOJ uoijaodojj ire . a IS t^S-gS8I rH i^'-O gs- -SS8I GO o GO to >o G^ G^ ss- -IS81 GO 1^- GN( lO (M 1^ N. CO l^ IS- -0S81 1—1 os- -6I8I O •nT o GNt GO G^ GO 6T-8T8I I O r-l Tt 1 ^ o K. a o =5 o c; o a; (/I ™ '^ 'B •- 13 ixl 3 M 52 §1 81-2181 TH O G^ XT iI-9X8i GNi GSi r-H GN( GO CO 9T-ei8T G^ rM ^ I— ) I— 1 50 C 1-^18 1 o lO G S ^ ^5 0) ^ (D 52 =^ "^ s s «> ^ CD ^ m G O) . O) O O VD O S- OS cd ■*- ^^2 II! S c S ts c +- §1-^ ^ ^ o •^-^^ =" § 2 "= cd s -v c -S C c o -^ • CO ■-^ ^ o o jz; .S o ^2 tus P III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMEiST. 45 The number punished does not bear so great a pro- portion to the whole number as might be infeired irom this statement. Most of those who are suspended are previously admonished ; many are suspended tvv-ice, and ol' the dismissed, a considerable proportion have gone through ail the previous gradations. The number of students, except for the two upper classes in 18^M, and for the three last years, is made out from the triennial catalogue of graduates. The ac- tual number in College previous to 1821 exceeded that stated above by about l-i(jth. In making the above esti- mate the Vv hole number of students during the first 14 years is divided by the whole number of each of the several kinds of punishment, which gives the riombers in the la;st column but two. • The number of students during the four years pre- ceding Sept 1821 being divided by the entire number of the punishments during this period gives the result in the last column but one. The last column gives the result obtained in the same way for the last thiee years. The number of students separated from the College at the time of the great disturbance in 1807, and in thai of 1818, is not included in the estimate ; nor 27 admorii- tions given at one time in 1820 to the members of a Club for a violation of the law respecting festive entertain- ments. As it respects ordinary oifences, during the four years preceding 182 1, there was not any remarkable increase in the number or severity of puniship^ents ; and during the three subsequent years, there has been an observa- ble diminution ; considering the following circumstan- ces, which have occurred or begun to exist in the course of the period named, tending to make such a compara- tive statement unfavourable ; viz. 1. An extraordinary resistance of the authority of College in one of the Classes, viz. in the autumn of 1819, which required punishments out of course. 2. A similar attempt of one of the Classes in 1821, 46 ANSWERS O^F THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. which occasioned several punishments, and prepared the causes of those excesses that required the thirty-six dis- missions from the same Class in May 1823, not put into the estimate. 3. It will be observed that the number of dismissions of late years has increased, in consequence of a law passed in 1814, authorizing the Government to dismiss for gen- eral character, after the use of due means of reformation. 4. During the three years preceding 1821, and since that period, measures for suppressing meetings for en- tertainments have been adopted at different times, and carried into effect. 5. The proportion of admonitions for the last three vears has increased in a considerable degree, from the circumstance last named, and from the regulations rela- tive to a uniform dress, and to extravagant expenses ; and to the practice adopted by the Government, of ad- fiiinistering this censure in cases where before a fine had been inflicted. During the year ending in June 1824, an unusual number of those who were members of College at the beginning of the year, ceased to belong to it. Of these, 12 dissolved their connexions in good standing, several of them in consequence of the diminution of the Col- lege fond for beneficiaries, on w hich they had depend- ed. During the same period nine new students were admitted. Question 22. (1.) In what manner is the practice of the grosser vices punished, (2.) and what means are possessed or measures adopted for detecting them, (3.) and how many instances of punishment on this account have occurred during the last 20 years ? Answer 22. (1.) The practice of such vices is punished in an ex- emplary manner ; licentiousness especially by exclusion from College. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 47 (2.) The Government are able by the ordinary means to make a decided judgment in regard to the character and habits of the great body of the students, as to their freedom for the grosser vices. In particular instances they are necessarily in doubt, and are sometimes obliged by circumstances to have unfavourable presumptions, without evidence on which to found investigation or pun- ishment. They are not able generally to apply the laws directly in cases of this sort, except when the im- morality becomes notorious, or where accident produces a discovery. (3.) The number punished for licentious behaviour, specifically, in any series of years, is always small. But Students whose general habits warrant a suspicion in this particular, if not dismissed, are commonly removed by their friends at the instance of the Government. Question 23. What are the usual bodily exercises and amusements of the Students, and what time is allowed for them ? Ansiver 23. The military company, composed of about twelve Se- niors and from thirty- five to forty Juniors, practise mili- tary drill exercises in the intervals between study hours from the first of May to the end of October. A limited number attend a dancing school in the evening during: a part of the year ; and another small portion of the scholars take lessons in fencing, which, however, the Governm.ent rather discourage as being expensive, and causing too much interruption of study. In the Spring and Autumn there is occasional playing at ball ; but there is a want of some system for bodily exercises. Indi- viduals make a point of brisk walking daily; but a large number, as is too common with persons of sedentary pursuits, are negligent in this respect. Question 24. (1.) What proportion of the Students reside within the 48 ANSWERS GF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. walls and board in Commons ; and on what conditions are they allowed to reside and board in private families ? (2.) How long did the regulation, that all the Students- should board in Commons, continue ? What inconven- iences were found to result from it ; when, and why, was it changed, and what has been the eifect of the change ? Answer 24. (1.) Generally about two hundred Students live within the walls. From eighty to one hundred and twenty of the Undergraduates generally board in Commons. As the College buildings have not, for a succession of years, till lately, been sufficient to accommodate nearly all Vvho desired to live within the walls, the students who chose have resided out, at houses not prohibited. (2.) Till the Spring of 1820, the College furnished the Commons ; a superintendent being employed to make the purchases, &c. and account with the Stew- ard at regular intervals : and necessitous students perform- ing the office of waiters at table for their board. At the time above mentioned, it was found that, not- withstanding the care of the Corporation to devise the best regulations for securing suitable Commons, and the endeavors used to carry those regulations into Qi^e.cX^ the publick table of the College was a subject of complaint with some for the alleged defects of the living, and with others on account of the supposed unnecessary expense. It w^as therefore resolved by the Corporation, with the assent of the Overseers, to adopt the present plan for at least tv\'o quarters, and it being approved, it has continu- ed to this time. By this establishment the Corporation contract with an individual to furnish Commons at a sum not beyond a certain rate, which has been from ^2.50 to $2.25 a week. The students, giving proper notice, may choose between Commons and approved III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 49 private houses, those having rooms in College, who board out, paying ^1 50 a quarter in addition to the $2 50 a quarter charged on each of the students under the head of " Steward and Commons." The advantages of this mode of conducting the Com- mons are, that it takes away every occasion of com- plaint, and that it is more economical for the College and for the scholars. These benefits will be more fully experienced when the proposed reduction in the rate of charge allowed the Contractor shall go into effect ; as, although the reduction be considerable, the price is yet sufficient, it is believed, to enable him to furnish Com- mons fully equal to the average mode of living in reputable and substantial families in the community ; and this, with- out continuing the assessment for the privilege of boarding out. It is to be recollected, that he is at no expense for kitchens and utensils, nor for dining-rooms and furniture ; and must, by the saving thus made, as well as by the number of his boarders, be able to furnish board of a good quality on better terms than private individuals. Question 25. What are the necessary expenses of a Student, the cost of clothing excepted ? It is wished that each item may be stated separately, and those included in the Col- lege bills distinguished. Ansrwer 25. The estimate of necessary expenses for a year is as fol- lows. Included in the College Bills, Steward and Commons, including board for 38 weeks, at ^1 15 per week - - ^76 50 Instruction for the two first years ^^46 ; for the third and fourth ^64 ; average - 55 Rent of Room - - - - 12 Library - - - - 3 Text Books - - - - 12 50 Expenses of publick rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 10 7 |fl69~"" 50 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [111. Other necessary expenses must vary with the economy of each individual. The price of wood furnished by the College is Jg7 per cord ; a room in a private house, from 030 to 45 a year ; washing, from ^3 to 5 a quarter, College uniform Coat ^15 to 20 Pantaloons 4 50 " 10 Vest 3 "6 Outside Coat 20 " 30 mean $54 25 The Students find their own beds and furniture. Board in town has been of late from ^2 25 to ^3 a week. The College some time since transmitted a Circular let- ter to the parents and guardians of Students, relating to expenses, in which the estimate was made with respect to Students from distant places, upon the principle of stat- ing the highest amount of necessary expenses, and the most liberal allowance permitted for other expenses, as follows : " EXPENSES FOR A YEAR. " Steward and Commons, including board for 38 weeks, at $2 50 per week - - - - $105 00 Instruction, two first years $46, third year $64, fourth $74, average - - - - 57 50 Room rent - - - - 12 00 Library - - - - - 4 00 Text books - - - - 15 00 Wood - - - - - 20 00 Fuel for lecture rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 15 00 Patron - - - - 6 00 Amount of charges in College Quarter Br Clothes, including every article of dress, Laundress . - - - - Candles or Oil - - - - Servant ------ Pocket money - - - Us $234 120 to 12 to - 10 6 to - 26 to $408 35 10 200 24 10 20 52 234 50 to Vacations (board) Do. (woodj - - - 540 50 50 00 10 00 453 $600 50 III.] ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 51 ^^ Besides these expenses, Students purchase or hire their own beds and a few necessary articles of furniture, when they are first admitted to College ; the cost $4tO to The Circular to parents of home Students embraces the same particulars, with a few exceptions, as appears by the following estimate. "expenses for a year, " Exclusive of chamber, furniture, stationary, and personal service, beyond what is provided by the College. Steward and Commons, including board for 38 weeks, at $2 50 a week - 105 00 Instruction, two first years $46, third year $64, fourth $74 — average - - 57 50 Room rent - - - 12 00 Library - - - 4 00 Textbooks - - - 15 00 Wood - - - 20 00 Expenses of publick rooms, repairs, catalogues, &c. 15 00 Amount of charges in the Quarter Bills $228 00 228 00 Clothes - - _ 100 00 to 150 00 Laundress - - - 12 00 to 24 00 Candles or Oil - - 10 00 10 00 Pocket expenses - - - 39 00 39 00 00 to 451 00 ^^ Room rent and wood are reckoned, on the supposition of two students living in one room in a College building. Rooms in private houses are charged from ^40 to 052 a year, the highest price, including an adjacent bedroom.'^ The Governmentj having found inconvenience to arise from attempting to state how great a Student's ex- penses might be without being regarded as extravagant, have modified the estimate of expenses in the circular letter, agreeably to that stated at the beginning of this Answer. They still require, however, conformably to the laws, that all the funds for the use of Students who are not of this Commonwealth, unless they belong to places within one hundred miles of Cambridge, shall be in the charge of a Patron, to be disbursed for the use of such Stu- dents under the direction of the Instructers of the College. 52 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [IIL It is also made the duty of the Immediate Government to have a Standing Committee of the Board to corres- pond with Parents and Guardians of home Students, and to state to them the views, wishes, and expectations of the Government, in relation to the expenditures of their chil- dren and wards, and the rules of the College for securing moderation in that particular. Question 26. Have any of these charges been greatly increased or diminished within the last twenty years ; if so, which of them, and how much ? Answer 26. See the following Table, containing the average annu- al amount of the quarter bills for different years ; on the supposition of a full charge for board, tuition, &c. and none for fines, from 1805-6 to 1823-4. 1805-6 1806-7 1807-8 1808-9 1809-10 1810-11 1811-12 |fl28 16 ^167 32 ^180 46 ;^I79 71 ^191 04 ^168-94 ^174 61 1812-13 1813-14 1814-15 1815-16 1816-17 1817-18 1818-19 ^196 05 5207 14 ^248 27 ^241 26. ;^259 51 ;^239 61 ^271 41 1819-20 1820-21 1821-22 1822-23 1823-24 1^205 73 ^210 59 ^221 75 ^218 75 ^212 25 The average charge for books for the six quarters next preceding October 1821, was, ^3 20 per quarter, or ^12 80 per year to each Student ; the average for the last three years has been ^10 75 per year. The amount of assessments for delinquency in the payment of quarter bills for the four years preceding October 1821, is ^13^8 50, or about 344 per year> that is, ^1 25 to each Student yearly. The amount of as- sessments for the last three years is very inconsiderable. The average charge for repairs, for the four years pre- ceding October 1821, is about ^1500 a year, or six dol- lars to each Student per year. From 1805 to 1810, the average charge for repairs was about ^4 20 per year to each Student ; for the last three years it has been about ^3 78 per year to each Student. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 53 Among the causes of the increased charge in the bills, are the furnishing by the College of the books used in the Classes, which began in 1812, and the expenses in- cident to additional publick rooms and courses of lectures ; but it is to be chiefly referred to the articles of board and instruction. The average price of board, from 1805 to 1808, was $1 94 per week ; from 1814 to 1818, ^% 75. By an arrangement of Commons in 1820, it was fixed at a sum not exceeding ^2 50, and for the two last quarters has been ^2 25. The regular charge for Instruction, previously to 1807, was, taking the average of four years, ^20 per year. In 1807 it was raised to ^40 per year. In 1814 it was raised to ^50 ; in 1815 to ^52 ; and in 1816 to ^57 ; including all the Instruction and Lectures given at the College, except those on Natural History. Formerly the attendance on the Lectures in Anatomy and Chem- istry was voluntary, and the charge was ^18. A certain part of the charge for Instruction is remitted to meritorious, indigent Students, wholly, or in part, un- der the form of Exhibition money or other charity. Question 27. Are the Students less or more extravagant in their voluntary expenditures now than formerly? Is this extravagance general ? In what description of Students is it most conspicuous, and in what manner is it princi- pally displayed ? Answer 27. The Students generally show a disposition to greater expense than formerly. This disposition is commonly most conspicuous among those who come from distant places. It is displayed particularly in attention to personal ap- pearance, in the furniture of their rooms, in horse-hire, and generally in what are called pocket expenses. 54 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. Question 28. Has the law of the State restraining the giving of credit to the Students been enforced, and if so, what is its effect? Answer 28. The law has been enforced in a few instances. It has had some effect to limit the credit given to the young men, although it has been very partially enforced on account of the difficulty of obtaining proof of the credit. The Parents and Guardians often choose to pay the bills con- tractedj and for the same reason that they pay them, they avoid informing the Government of the College that their children and wards have violated its laws in this par- ticular. Question 29. What other measures are adopted for regulating their expenses, and what is found to be their operation ? Answer 29. The Government consider it very important to attend to the habits of Students in these respects. The law re- quiring a Patron to take charge of the funds of Students from distant places, and the rule requiring a Circular letter to be sent to the Parents and Guardians of home Stu- dents, as stated in the Answer to Question 25, have had an effect to limit the expenses of the more opulent part of the Society. Question 30. What is the relation of the Graduates to the College, and how far are their studies and conduct regulated ? Answer 30. The relation of the Graduates to the College is stated generally in the College Laws, and in the regulations of the Schools of Divinity, Law, and Medicine. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 55 The Table of the Lectures and Exercises given by the Instructers shows the particular course of instruction de- signed for them, in addition to the Publick Lectures of the University. [See Answer to Question 7, and Appendix B.] THE DEPARTMENT FOR GRADUATES AND STUDENTS IN THE PROFESSIONS. Theolgical School. — This was established by the University, assisted by the Society for promoting Theo- logical Education in this Institution. The Faculty of Theology, consisting of the President, the Alford Pro- fessor of Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity, the Hollis Professor of Theology, the Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages, and the Dexter Professor of Sacred Literature, carry on the course of instruction, which is given to three classes, and embraces three years. Graduates of suitable character, from any publick College or University, are admissible by the vote of the Faculty to the Seminary ; none to be receiv- ed at an advanced standing who have not attended to the previous parts of the course. Applications are to be made in person or by letter to one of the members of the Fac- ulty, and, when distance or other circumstances require it, must be accompanied by testimonials of good abilities, literary progress, and an unblemished character. The board and room rent of those members of the Seminary whose situation requires such assistance, are paid from the funds of the Institution ; and no charge is made to any for instruction. Law School. — The Royall and University Profess- ors of Law, with two gentlemen learned in the Law out of one of the College Boards, constitute the Faculty of Law. The immediate superintendence of the School is committed to the University Professor; and liberty is granted to the pupils to attend the lectures in the other departments. Graduates of any publick College, and others qualified 56 ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. according to the rules of the Courts in any of the United States to become students of Law, being of good moral character, may be admitted to the Law School. If they come from any College or Seminary, they must bring certificates of regular standing at the time of their leav- ing it. Law students are required to give bond in two sureties for the payment of quarterly dues, including the fee for instruction, which is one hundred dollars annual- ly. Students who desire it are furnished with Com- mons and with lodging-rooms on the same terms as other members of the University. The degree of Bachelor of Laws is conferred on such students as remain members of the school not less than eighteen months, pursue their studies with diligence, and pass the residue of their noviciate in a manner approved by the Faculty. The course of study is drawn up with reference to a term of three years. But students are admitted at any period of their noviciate for a term not less than one Col- lege quarter. Medical School. — In the Medical School the Lec- tures are given annually, beginning on the third Wednes- day in November, and continuing daily for thirteen weeks, in the Massachusetts Medical College, in Boston. The fees for the several courses, are as follows : — Materia Medica, ^10 ; Midwifery and Medical Juris- prudence, ;$^10 ; Chemistry, $1^ ; Theory and Prac- tice of Physick, ;^15 ; Anatomy and Surgery, ^20. Any Student, after paying the fees for two courses of any Professor, is entitled to a perpetual ticket for the lectures of that Professor. During the lee tures, the students are supplied gratui- tously with sets of osteological specimens for study, and can have the use of the dissecting-room on defraying the attendant expenses. They are admitted, without any expense, to the Surgical Operations and Clinical Prac- tice of the Massachusetts General Hospital. III.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 57 Students may see the practice in the Hospital at other seasons of the year upon terms to be known upon ap- plication to the physician or surgeon. The degree of Doctor of Medicine is given twice a year, viz. at the close of the Lectures and at the publick Commencement in August. Candidates must pass a satisfactory priv^ate examination, and at a publick exami- nation read and defend a dissertation. Before being admitted to private examination, the candidate must have attended two courses of Lectures, stated above, and must have employed three years in professional studies under the direction of a regular practitioner, in- cluding the time occupied in attending the Lectures. If not a graduate of a publick College or University, he must satisfy the Faculty of his knowledge of Latin and ex- perimental philosophy. The fee for the degree of M. D. to one who has not taken a degree in Arts at any University or College is ^20 ; to a Bachelor of Arts, 015 , to a Master of Arts, $^0 ; and three dollars are to be paid by every medical graduate for his diploma. Any Master or Bachelor of Arts, of approved charac- ter, who signifies to the President his purpose of residing at Cambridge for study, may have access to the lectures and library, on giving bond to the satisfaction of the Steward in the sum of one hundred and fifty dollars, to pay all College dues. Question 31. How many of the Graduates, and what proportion of the scholars are beneficiaries ? How much money do they receive ? From what funds is it derived ? By whom, and under what rules is it apportioned among them, and with what reference to their standing as to scholarship and moral character r 8 58 ANSWERS OP THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. [III. Answer 31. Tlie Theological Students, to a number from twelve to twenty, are generally assisted in their expenses by an allowance from one hundred and thirty to one hundred and fifty dollars a year, derived from the following funds : The Hopkins fund, - - - ^700 Appropriated by the Trustees of the Society ) ^^^ for promoting Theological Education, ) Collections and Annual Subscriptions of the > ^^r. Society, ) The income of Madam Mary SaltonstalPs ) bequest is applied to a Graduate or Under- > 180 graduate, as the Overseers recommend, ) The Corporation generally apply the Pen- ^ c ^^^ oyer fund for two fellows, to assist theologi- > g to cal students, ) '^ 200 The number of Beneficiaries among the undergradu- ates, who are candidates for more or less assistance in paying their expenses, is from a quarter to a fifth part. The present number is fifty-seven out of -two hundred and twenty-two, the whole number in the four classes. A quarter part of the grant of the State in 1814, viz. |[2,500 annually, being appropriated to assisting scholars to pay their tuition, who should apply therefor, to a number not exceeding half a class, to be given accord- ing to the judgment of the Corporation, was distributed as follows :— In January 1824, it appeared that ^24,381 _§_i_ had been in the preceding ten years apportioned among 298 members of the College in various sums from $215 to |4. Of the 980 students in the College for these ten years, 42, or l-23d part, received from the whole to three quarters of their tuition ; 90, or 1- 1 1th part nearly, from three quarters to one half ; 100, or 1-lOth part, fron) a half to a quarter; and 65, or l-15th part, less than a ill.] ANSWERS OF THE IMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT. 59 quarter ; and the whole number of recipients of the boun- ty in different measures was one third. The amount applied to the aid of beneficiaries at pres- ent is, certain sums from the general fund of the Col- lege and from Exhibitions, in the whole about ;^2,800. [See Treasurer's Statement.] Four Monitors, Juniors, receive $IH each for keeping bills of absence; and three Freshmen receive their board, and three two thirds of their board, for the care of publick rooms and other services. Among those who have a good standing, and are re- commended by the Instructers, the money is apportion- ed by a Committee appointed by the Corporation, con- sisting of the President and one other member of the board, and one of the Professors. It is given with a joint regard to character, and scholarship, and wants. Those who principally partake these benefits are among the most distinguished for character and im- provement. As respects those who received the State grant and College charities during the above mentioned period of ten years, it appears that of the 72 comprising the six in each class who received the highest sum, 65 were in the first quarter of their respective classes in point of merit. Of 13 beneficiaries in the present Senior Class, 9, and of 17 in the Junior Class, 12 are in the first third, in literary rank. APPENDIX. A. One of the Officers is Inspector of the publick Edifices of the Uni- versity, and authorized to cause such repairs upon them as appear proper and necessary. One of the Immediate Government is Registrar, and keeps a record of votes and orders. B, COURSE OF INSTRUCTION f OR UNDERGRADUATES IN HARVARD COLLEGE, OCTOBER 1821, FOR THE ENSUING YEAR. The following are the principal Authors and Studies assigned to the Classes. FRESHMEN. 1. Collectanea Graeca Majora. Dalzel, 2 vols. 8vo. 3d Cam- bridge ed, g. Livy, five books, 12mo. 3. Horace. Cambridge ed. 4. H Grotius De Veritate Religionis Christianae. 12mo. 5. Excerpta Latina, Weils, Boston, 8vo. 6. Geometry, Legendre. Algebra, Lacroix. Cancibridge Translation, 7. Adam's Roman Antiquities. 8. Walker's Rhetorical Grammar, 9. Lowth's English Grammar. Exercises in Reading and Declaming each week. JILj APPENDIX. 61 SOPHOMORES. I, 5, and 6, continued and finished. 10. Cicero de Oratore. II. Analjtick Geometry, Camb. Course of Math. 1820. 12. Blair's Lectures on Rhetorick. 2 vols. Bvo. 13. History, Ancient and Modern. Tytler. 14. Logick, by Prof. Hedge, 12mo. 16. Locke's Essay. 2 vols.* Exercises in Declamation and Composition once a fortnight. JUNIOR SOPHISTERS. 15. continued and finished. 16. Homer, Iliad, Maittaire's, or other ed, without translation. 17. Juvenal and Persius expurg. or equivalent part of Tacitus. 18. Paley's Evidences of Christianity. 19. Hebrew Orammar, by Prof Willard. 20. No. 1 & 2 Wniting & Watson's Hebrew Bible or Psalter. 21. Greek Testament, Griesbach, Cambridge ed. 22. Natural Philosophy and Astronomy, Enfield. Brewster's Fer- guson. 23. Brown's Lectures on the Philosophy of the Human Mind. 24. Paley's Moral Philosophy. 25. Analytick Geometry, Topography, &c. Camb. Course of Math. Public Declamations, Forensick Disputes, once a month. Themes once a fortnight. N. B. Instead of 19 and 20, those above twenty-one years of age, and others at the written request of their parent or guardian, may attend to Mathematicks, or Greek and Latin, or French^ SENIOR SOPHISTERS. 23, 24, and 25, continued and finished. 26. Nautical Astronomy, Surveying, Fluxions, &c. Camb. Course of Math. 27. Chemistry, by Prof Gorham, 2 vols. 8vo. Cambridge ed. 28. Federalist, 2. vols. 29 Political Economy. Say. 30. Butler's Analogy. Declamations, Forensicks and Themes the two first terms, as in the Junior year. N. B. The publick Declamations on Friday at 2 o'clock are to be attended by the Seniors and Juniors, and by the Sophomores after they begin to declaim in the third term. The members of the other classes are not required to be present, but they are permitted to attend, observing strict order. * Insteaii of Locke's Essay, Stewart's Elements are read. ^2 APPENDIX. I'ABLE OF PRIVATE EXERCISES. cm. i^Io^ning i Mond to Sat. exercise. \ inclusive. ^ S Monday to Forenoon. | Friday. "^ " \ Saturday. Afternoon. {S;?"" FRESHMEN. Greek and Latin. Through the year. Mathematicks. J lst&-2d terms, 8l8 weeks of English Grammar. ( 4 weeks of 3d term. [3d term. Declamation,History, ^j^^,^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^ and Antiquities Greek and Latin, Through the year. SOPHOMORES. Mor ( Monday to ( Saturday ionday Forenoon. ^ to 'iday. ( Fri Saturday. . r^ S Monday to Afternoon. < p ,• riday. Greek and Latin. Greek and Latin. Rhetorick. Matliemalicks. History, and Declama- tion or English com position. ^ Mathematicks. I Logick&Intellect. Phil. '■\ Through the yeaF. 1st term. 2d term. 3d term. Through the year. 1st and 2d terms, 3d terra. Morning. Forenoon. Afternoon, Monday to Saturday ( Mond. Tues ^ day, & Wed- ( nesday. Thursday. C Monday i to ( Thursday. JUNIORS. Metaphysicks. Natural Philosophy. Theology. Hebrew, or substitute. Mathematicks. Forensicks or Themes.* and Latin. Miilosophy. Testament, r urensiu ( Greek an ^ Moral PI ( Greek T( 1st term. 2d and 3d terms. 1st term. 2d term. 3d term. Through the year. 1st and 2d terms. Last 7 weeks of 3d term. 1st 5 weeks of 3d term. Morning. Forenoon. Afternoon. SENIORS, Monday to ^ Mathematicks&Chemistry. 1st and half 2d term. Friday. ( Moral & Polit. Philosophy. Half 2d and 3d term. M. T. k. W. J Astronomy. 1st term. M. & W. I Theology 2 term to April. Thursday. Forensicks or Tliemes. 1st and 2d terms. . Monday to ^ Moral h Polif. Philosophy. 1st term. Thursday. ( Intellectual Philosophy. 2d term to April. The Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages will, at private hours, instruct such students as may at any time form a class to extend their knowledge of these languages beyond what is required in the regular course of his department. The usual time of private exercises, for the morning, is immedi- ately after prayers ; in the forenoon, at half after X o'clock or at * On one Thursday half the class read ForensickSj and on the other all present Th:proi«s. III.] APPENDIX. 63^ XI ; in the afternoon, from the end of the autumnal vacation, till the first day of November, at IV; from tYi^t time till the winter vaca- tion, between between IV and half after III ; from the end of the winter vacation, till the middle of March, at IV; thence till the middle of April, at half after IV ; from that time till Commence- ment, at V. Any variations from these times, required by the size or division of classes or the nature of the exercise, is to be an- nounced as there may be occasion by the Professors or Tutors. French Language. The Instructer in French and Spanish gives lessons to those who apply and attend regularly at hours to be from term to term assigned. HARVARD UNIVERSITY. OCTOBER, 1023. The Course of Study and Instruction^ as establised in 1821, will be coji- tinuedy with such variations as have been or may be announced, LECTURES. TERM I. By the Professor of Divinity, six a week for six and a half weeks, at* morning study bell, to Seniors. '• Astronomy, first three days, at XI., to Seniors. TERM il. By the Professor of Hebrew, six a week for six wrecks, at morning" ^ study bell, to Juniors. Ifjlj^. " Mathematicks and Experimental Philosophy, five first days in the week (except every second Thursday,) at XI., to Senioi's and Juniors ♦ French and Spanish Literature, till x\pril 1, five first days of the week (except every second Thursday), at IV. P. M. From April 1, Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday, at morning study bell, to Seniors. " - Greek Literature, till April 1, six a week, at morning study bell to Seniors. " (Rumford,) from April, Wednesday, Friday, and Sat- urday, at IX., to ^^^^eniors. '' Anatomy and Surgery, or Chemistry, at V. P. M., five days of the week, to Seniors. ''• Natural History and Mineralogy, at times to be an- nounced in this and the succeeding term. 64 APPENDIX. [III. TERM III. By the Professor of Chemistry, five first days of the week, at V. P. M. " Law(RoyaIl,) four days in the week, atX. " (Rumford,) Wednesday, Friday, and Sat- urday, at IX. [ to Seniors: " French and Spanish Literature, five first days of the week, at XI. '• Greek Literature, Monday, Tuesday, and Thursday, at morning study bell, ^ " Rhetorick and Oratory, Monday and Wednesday, at morning study bell, and Friday at X., to Juniors. Harvard College, 21th December, 1824. # ERRATA. >age 24, line 5, dele 1818-19. " " "11? after Student, add, and for the first half of the years. 1821-;i2 & 1823-24, was 21 to each Student. " 40, line 6 from bottom, read (1.) In Document II. page 48, line 19, after studies, add, " And once a week they discuss a legal question upon the pleadings in a fictitious action. In these discussions the Professor presides, and gives his opinion. He also attends a debating club held by the Students once a week, with a view to improvement in extempore elocution.'^'' IV. REVISED CODE OF COLLEGE LAWS, TO THE CORPORATION jrmmetriate ©oijetrmeiit # ^Am^ OF HARVARD COLLEGE. m CHAPTER I. EXECUTIVE AND IMMMEDIATE GOVERNMENT OF THE COLLEGE. 1. The Executive Government of the College is vested in the President, Professors, Tutors, Librarian, Regent, and Proctors. 2. The President, the Professors not exempted by the tenure of their offices, the Tutors, and the Librarian, constitute the Immediate Government. The Immediate Government have authority to make all orders and regulations necessary for carrying 'nto effect their respective powers and duties, and to appoint Committees of their body with power to ad- minister any punishment below suspension. 4. It is the duty of the Immediate Government to take the general state of the College into frequent consideration, and to propose to the Corporation any laws and measures by which, in their judgment, the system of instruction and discipline may be improved. KEVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. CHAPTER II. BIETHODS OF DISCIPLINE, 1. Encourafi^ements and Rewards. -o To encourage good conduct in the members of the society^ and animate them to literary exertion, the fol- lowing system of rewards is established. 1. The President, consulting with the several offi- cers of government and instruction, will, in the early part of the Sophomore year, present books, provided by the Hopkins fund, to a number of the students of the aforesaid class, who are most distinguished by their application to their studies. 2. The Corporation will give out subjects for Bow- doin prize dissertations in the English language, and assign to the author or authors of the two best per- foroiances, a first premium for each, and to the author or authors of the two next best, a second premium for each ; if so many dissertations, of sufficient merit, are offered. The first premium is a gold medal of the value of ihfH^ dollars ; the second, a gold medal of ^^ the value of tvvcnty dollars. Candidates must sub-^4|p scribe ficiitious names to their dissertations, and ac- company them with sealed letters, having the fictitious names on the outside, and their real names within ; which letters will be burnt miopened, except those of the successful candidates, whose names will be placed in the records of the Corporation and of the Immediate Governnent. In conformity to the will of the founder of these prizesj the successful dissertations must be read in publick by their respective authors, who shall deliver a fair copy of the same, to be lodged in the Library ; IV,'] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 5 such copies to be written on quarto paper of the same size, that such of them as shall merit it, may be bound together in handsome volumes and be lodged in the library. 3. Agreeably to the institution of the "Boylston Prizes' for Elocution," on the day after Commence- ment in each year, there will be held in University Hall, or in the Meeting-House at Cambridge, a pub- lick exhibition and trial of the skill and improvement of the Students at the University in elocution. The speakers are not to rehearse their own composition ; but to select pieces in prose or verse, from English, Greek, or Latin authors, the selection to be approved by the Boylston Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory. The proportion in English is to be at least two out of three. The competitors must be Graduates of the year, or Undergraduates of one of the two next classes. The President and Fellows of the College will, in each year, select five gentlemen, who have been dis- tinguished for their elocution, either at the Bar, in the Pulpit, or in the Senate, who, with the Corporation or a major part of them, will judge of the merits of the competitors, and award the prizes. They will assign five prizes ; two first prizes, viz. fifteen dollars, or a gold medal of that value, to each of the two best peakers ; and three second prizes, viz. ten dollars, or a Id medal of that value, to each of the three next best ; bvided, that if the judges shall be of opinion that none of the competitors have exhibited sufficient skill and improvement to be entitled to the first prizes, they may withhold them. At this exhibition no prompting of the speakers will be allowed ; and a failure of memor}^ in any one, will exclude him from being considered in the assignment of the prizes. 4. In the selection of Students to receive pecuniary favours, such as the College benefits called exhibitions, and the Hollis scholarships, the Corporation will give the preference to those (not otherwise disqualified), 6 REVISED CODE OF LAWS, * [IV. who are of good behaviour, and who are recommended by the Immediate Government as excelling in their respective studies. Any open profaneness, or disorder- ly or undutiful behaviour, shall be accounted a dis- qualification for such favours. The Students appoint- ed by the Immediate Government to perform services to which a compensation is annexed, are also to be chosen with a view to literary merit and to moral character. And rio one who is a College beneficiary shall remain such any longer, than he shall continue exemplary for sobriety, diligence, and regard to order. 5. There will be three Exhibitions each year, viz. at each of the semi-annual visits of the Committee of the Overseers, and one in the other term. The refusal of a student to perform the part assigned him in these or any other literary exercise, will be punished as a high offence. Every performer shall lodge with the President, one week at least previous to the Exhibition, a fair copy of his performance. At such time as may be fixed by the Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, each per- former shall rehearse his part. If any one shall make additions, to what is contained in the copy delivered by him to the President or other presiding officer, or shall speak any thing in publick which he has been directed to omit, he shall suffer ^ punishment according to the aggravation of the offencsB^ 6. The Students will be examined by a Committl^^HP appoijited by the Overseers from their own body, or^^ at large, or in the presence of such Committee, in order to ascertain the proficiency of the several Classes, and of each individual in them, in the whole of their studies. To carry this diBsign into effect, it shall be the duty of each Instrncter, when a Class has completed a par- tic^ular branch of study, or finished the study of a particular book, as shall be judged expedient by the Government, and determined by a rule, to give infor- mation of the same to the President, who will appoint ^ IV.2 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 7 a day for the examination of the Class, in that study or book, giving notice, at least seven days before, to the Chairman of the Committee appointed to examine in that branch of study. And the examining Commit- tee will be requested to mark by numbers their estimate of the performance of each Student, which estimate shall be taken into consideration by the Instructer, and have its influence in forming the next Scale of Merit. The Committee will state generally their opinion of the degree of thoroughness and exactness with which the book or branch of study, has been learned ; and they will also mention by name, in their report, such Students as have distinguished themselves by the excellence of their performance. 7. In the months of June and December of each year, a Scale of Merit will be made out, by which the relative rank of each Student in his class shall be as- certained, by adding together the amount allowed him by the several Instructers in all the branches of study which he has pursued ; and the amount allowed in each separate branch shall be fixed, by the Instructer in that branch, by a comparison of his own estimate at the recitations and the estimate of the examining Committee in their report. In forming the Scale of Merit, one column will be llowed to conduct and deportment, which shall be ^cided by the united voice, and grounded on the re- cords, of the Immediate Government. II. Punishments, 1. The Governors and Instructers earnestly desire that the Students may be influenced to good conduct and literary exertion by higher mo^ves than the fear of punishment ; but when such motives fail, the Gov- ernment will have recourse to friendly caution and warning, fines, solemn admonition, and official notice of delinquency to Parents or Guardians ; and, where the nature and circumstances of the case require it, to suspension, dismission, rustication, or expulsion. 8 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [lY. All instances of disorder, or breach of the College laws, or absence from any College duty, or negligent performance of an exercise, are recorded, and formally reported to the Government at stated times^ and when- ever occasion requires. Whenever any Student is found delinquent, he is liable to be deprived of any such indulgence as may be granted to exemplary Srudents with respect to absence, going out of town, and the like ; to have particular portions of study prescribed to him, to be performed during the varation, or at other times; and to forfeit ali claims to the distinctions and rewards provided for the meritorious ; and if he persist in such delinquency, he may be suspended or suffer higher punishment. 2. By suspension for negligence, a student is sepa- rated from his Class as to those branches of study in which he is deficient, and placed under private instruc- tion, provided for the purpose, in the town of Cam- bridge. Every person so suspended is required to perform exercises with the person or persons under whose care he is placed^ at such times, and in such manner, as the Govenmie!st shall direct, and he is not permitted to leave the town of Cambridge during the whole time of his suspension, without special leave for some very ur- gent reason ; the same rules and restrictions being in^jk force in the vacation as in term time. And in no ("^^^f^jf shall he be restored to good standing, till he shall have ^ givcHi entire satisfaction for at least thn e months, by orderly conduct, and diligent and faithful application to his studies. It is provided however that a Student suspended either for negligence, or for any violation of the laws, may, when the Governnjent shall think it expedient, be removed from the College and the town of Cam- bridge, and placed under ihe care of a suitable person not connected with tlie College ; and he shall be subject to restrictions and requisitions similar to those above mentioned, and be required to bring satisfactory • iV.] REVISEt) CODE OF LAWS. 9 testimonials of good conduct, and be examined for restoration. 3. Dismission is the separation of a Student from the College for a year ; at the end of which, on pro- ducing testimonials of good conduct during the whole time since his dismission, and appearing to be well qualified, he may, at the discretion of the Immediate Government, be restored to the class to which he be- fore belonged. If he fail to produce such testimonials, he shall not be admitted to an examination ; and if upon examination he be found unfit to join the class he left, he may be admitted to such other standing as he may be found qualified for. 4. Rustication is the separation of a Student from all connexion with the College, his removal from it for one, two, or three years, and his final separation from the Class of which he was a member. At the end of the prescribed time, he may be received into the next lower Class, or other Class, at the discretion of the Government, not more than three below that of which he was a member, upon his producing testimo- nials of good conduct during the whole time after his rustication, satisfactory to the Immediate Government; and upon his appearing on examination to be well ualified for the standing to which he is destined. 5. Expulsion is a final separation from the College. 6. In all instances of offence against the laws and discipline of the College, or against good morals, to which no specifick penalties are annexed in the laws, the Immediate Goverment may inflict such of the Col- lege punishments as they shall think just and requisite. 7. Every quarter bill of each student shall be ac- companied by a statement, from the records, of every mark of approbation or distinction he has received in the quarter, of every punishment or censure he has incurred, and of all his absences from exercises, lectures, and publick worship; with any other information, which in the opinion of the Government will be use- ful to parents or guardians ; to whom a copy of the 10 UEVISED CODE OF LAWS. (IV\ Quarter Bill, with the particulars above enumerated, will be sent. CHAPTER III. ON DEVOTIONAL EXERCISES AND THE OBSERVANCE OF THE lord's DAY. 1. The Students shall constantly, seasonably, and with due reverence, attend prayers in the Chapel every morning and evening, and publick worship at the assigned place on the Lord's day, on the days of the annual publick Fast and Thanksgiving, and of the Dudleian Lecture^ and at such other times as they may be required. Every Student is required, on the Lord's day and the evening preceding, to abstain from visiting and from receiving visits, from unnecessary walking, from using any diversion, and from all behaviour inconsistent with that sacred season. 2. Any Student who has been educated in the wor- ship of the Episcopal Church may obtain leave to at- tend the service of that Church in Cambridge, upon his presenting a written request to that effect to the Immediate Government ; from himself, if he be more than twenty-one years of age ; or from his parent or guardian, if he be under that age. IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 11 CHAPTER IV. OF THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION, HOURS OF STUDY, AND ATTENDANCE ON LITERARY EXERCISES. 1. The hours for stiulj are from the end of the half hour next after breakfast till 12 o'clock ; from 2 o'clock P. M. till evening prayers ; and after 8 o'clock P. M. through the first term and to the middle of April in the second term, and after 9 o^clock P. M. daring the remainder of the second and through the third term. In these hours the Students shall remain in their rooms and not leave them without a sufficient reason ; and shall abstain not only from disorderly noises, as at ail times, but from all noise which may cause iiiter- ruption, such as loud conversation, singing, or playing on a musical instrument, and the like. 2. The lectures and exercises to be attended and performed by the Students, shall be arranged from time to time in the manner most favourable to their progress. The arrangement of the prescribed duties of the Pro- fessors and Tutors, and of the prescribed studies; the times and modes of recitation ; the classification ojf the Students ; and in general the methods of Instruction, are committed to the immediate Government, it being understood that the Corporation shall at their discretion take measures as heretofore, relative to the particulars above named, and that the doings of the Immediate Government thereon shall always be subject to the control of the Corporation. 3. No Student shall, during term time^ attend the' Instruction of any person who is not an oiticer of the College, without special permission from the Immedi- ate Government. 4. Every literary exercise which a Student fails to perfurm, whether from absence or any other cause, or which IS negligently done, is required to be afterwards performed. Absences and negligences, although the 12 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. exercise be lifterwards performed, are recorded, and subject the delinquent to censure at the discretion of the Immediate Government. CHAPTER V. OF VACATIONS AND ABSENCE. 1 . There will be three vacations ; the first of four weeks and two days, from Commencement ; the sec- ond, of seven weeks from the fourth Friday in Decem- ber ; the third, of two weeks, from the third Friday in May. The Senior Sophisters may retire from College four weeks before Commencement ; nor shall any one continue after that time in Cambridge, without special permission from the Immediate Government. Such must be subject to all laws enjoining orderly conduct and attendance on devotional exercises. 2. No Student who is not an inhabitant of the town of Cambridge shall remain in Cambridge during any vacation without leave from the President ; and all Students remaining in Cambridge during the vacations shall be subject to the laws enjoining orderly conduct, and to those respecting the boarding houses of the Stu- dents. 3. No Student shall be absent from College a night in term time without permission from the President for some urgent reason, or in his absence from such other officer as shall be authorized to act in his place. Absence from the town of Cambridge without spe- cial permission for urgent reasons, except at such times as the Immediate Government may authorize by a general regulation, is strictly prohibited. 4. At the close of each term, where any Student has failed to perform, to the satislaction of the Instructers, all studies and exercises which have been demanded of him during the term, the same shall be required of IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. IS him in the vacation ; and, in order to this, he may be required by the Government to remain at College un- til they have been fully performed. Also ail Students who remain at the College during the vacation and whose parents request it, shall have duties assigned them, and exercises to be performed to some oiiicer appointed for the purpose. 6. Each Student is required to perform all the ex- ercises of his Class, during his absence from College, whether it be with leave or without : — Provided, how- ever, that in each case, at the request of the Student, the Government may assign those studies to a future vacation, if, in their opinion, the student may then be able to perlorm them. 6. Each Student, obtaining leave of absence for one night or more, shall lodge a certificate thereof with the Regent ; and when any Student shall return after such leave, or after any vacation, he is required to ap- ply to the Regent's F/eshman, at his room, to enter the time of his return, and see it entered. 7. Each Student who shall prolong his absence beyond the time for which he has obtained leave, or shall not return immediately upon the expiration of a vacation, is required to lodge with the Regent's Fresh- man, when he enters his name, a certificate of his ex- cuse for such absence, signed by his parent or guardian, or his physician in (^ase of sickness, or, if he be more than twenty-one years of age, by himself. CHAPTER VI. MISDEMEANORS AND CRIMINAL OFFENCES. 1. For either of the following offences, Students may be punished by any of the college censures, at the discretion of the Immediate Government, viz. (1.) Profane language 5 intoxication; falsehood: 14 HE VISED CODE OP LAWS. [IV. gaming ; extravagance ; dissipation ; indecency in lan- guage, dress, or behaviour ; the offering of violence to the person or the chamber of a student ; also violations of the respect due to the instructers and officers of the College. (2.) Making or being present at any festive enter- tainment, except at Commencement season, or on Ex- hibition days with the permission of the President ; or going into any tavern or victualling house in Cambridge for the purpose of eating or drinking. Making noises to the disturbance of the College, or of any of the inhabitants of the town. Having any concern in bonfires, fire-works, or illuminations. Being an actor or spectator in any theatrical enter- tainment, or being present at any ball, assembly, or party of pleasure^ in term time, without leave from the President, at the request of a parent, guardian, or patron. Playing at cards or dice. Buying, selling, or bartering books, apparel, fur- niture, or any other property, without leave from the President, or a written permission from a parent or guardian. Keeping a gun or pistol, or gunpowder, or firing a gun or pistol. (3.) Also, refusing or neglecting to come when sent for by any officer of the College ; refusing to give evi- dence when required respecting any violation of the laws, or falsifying therein ; resisting in any way the authority of the College, or associating with one who is under sentence of dismission, rustication, or expul- sion, or with any other person with whom they may be forbidden to associate by the Government. 2. Whereas offences may be committed in which so many are actors or abetters as to render it inexpedient to punish all concerned, the Immediate Government may select for punishment as many of the offenders as they may judge necessary to secure the end of punish- IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. \5 ment ; due regard being had to the nature of the of* fence, and to the general character and past behaviour of the persons thus selected : Provided, that in any case the government may adopt any principle of selection which may appear necessary for securing the good or- der of the College. Also where acts of disorder or violence are commit- ted by individuals who are screened from detection by their situation, and by the disposition of those around them to withhold evidence, the Immediate Governniient may select for punishment any who, by withholding evidence and screening the guilty, shall thus appear, to the satisfaction of the Government, to be actors in, or abetters of the crime ; due regard being had^ as before, to general character and past behaviour. 3. Any combination of Students to do an unlawful act, shall subject the oifenders to any of the College punishments, at the discretion of the Immediate Gov- ernment. 4. Whenever the Immediate Government are satis- fied that a Studenrt is not fulfilling the purposes of his residence at the College, and is not likely to fulfil them ; or that he is from any cause an unfit member of the society, it shall be their duty to dismiss him from the College ; it being however provided^ that the Gov- ernment may, whenever they see fit, acquaint the par- ent or guardian of such student with his character and conduct, "and leave it to such parent or guardian to re- move him by his own act. CHAPTER VII. OCCUPATION OF ROOMS. DRESS. EXPENSES AND DEBTS. CLASS MEETINGS. 1. The Students shall statedly reside in the rooms assigned to them. No one shall lodge or board out of 16 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [IV. the College without leave, nor except at such houses as the Government approve ; nor shall he suffer any one to lodge at his chamber without leave from one of the Government. In all cases of disorder at rooms the occupants shall be responsible. When two Students occupy a room, each one shall supply his proportion of furniture and wood, during the whole time for which the room is assigned, wheth- er he be present or absent. 2. The dress of the Undergraduates is to be as fol- lows : The coat of black mixed,* single-breasted, with a rolling cape square at the end, and with pocket flaps ; the waist reaching to the natural waist, with lapels of the same length ; three crow's feet made of black silk cord on the lower part of the sleeve of the coat of a Senior, two on that of a Junior^ one on that of a Soph- omore : the waistcoat of black mixed or of black, or, when of cotton or linen fabrick, of white, single-breast- ed with a standing collar : the pantaloons of black mixed or of black bombazet, or, when of cotton or lin- en fabrick, of white. The surtout or great coat of black mixed, with not more than two capes. The but- tons of the above dress must be flat, covered with the same cloth as that of the garments, not more than eight, nor less than six, on the front of the coat, and four be- hind. A surtout or outside garment is not to be substi- tuted for the coat. But the Students are permitted to ^vear black gowns, in which they may appear on all publick occasions. Night gowns of cotton, or linen, or silk fabrick, made in the usual form, or in that of a frock coat, may be worn, except on the Sabbath, or Exhibition, or on other occasions when an undress would be improper. The neckcloths must be plain black, or plain white, the hats of the common form and black, and the shoes and boots black. ** By black mixed (called also Oxford mixed^ is understood, black with a mixture of not more than one twentieth, nor less than one twenty-fifth part while. IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 17 No Student while in the State of Massachusetts, shall, either in vacation or term time, wear any differ- ent dress or ornament from those above named, except that in case of mourning he may add the customary badges. 3. Some gentleman at Cambridge, not of the Imme- diate Government, shall be appointed by the Corpora- tion, to be Panoo of ail those Students who are not of this Commonwealth, unless they belong to places with- in one hundred miles of Cambridge ; and shall have charge of the foods of all such Students. The Patron shall have particular instruction, from the authorities of the College, concerning the kind of expenses allowed to be incurred by the Students whose funds are in his hands, and he shall make no disburse- ments and pay no bills inconsistent with such instruc- tions; and whatever bills he may pay shall contain a distinct specification and charge of every article. The Patron shall give a detailed account of the ex-, penses incurred by each Student under his care to the Immediate Government, and any of the other authori- ties of the College, when required. The parent or guardian of such Student shall be in- formed what are the necessary annual expenses includ- ed in the College bills ; and he shall also be informed by the Patron what funds for the support and use of his son or ward must be remitted to him, who is to have the whole control of the same, under the direction of the Instructers of the College. No Student, within the provisions of this law, shall be permitted to continue at College unless he shall comply with the laws on this subject ; and every such Student is to be charged in his quarter bill at the rate of six dollars a year, towards a compensation to the Patron. No debt is allowed to be incurred by the Student above described, unless by an order from the Patron. The rules of the College in relation to the expendi- tures of Students belonging to this State or to any 3 18 REVISED CODE OF LAVV§. • |IV.} place within a hundred miles of Cambridge, are to be communicated to the Students concerned and their par- ents or guardians, and no such student is allowed to contract aoj debt without the order of his parent or guardian. 4 No Class meeting shall be held without special license from the President, nor for any other purpose or purposes than those expressed in the license, nor at times that shall interfere with any College exercise. Any meetings otherwise held will be punished as un- lawful combinations. CHAPTER VIIL COMMONS. 1. Board is provided in Commons at a price not ex- ceeding the actual cost ; and as the establishment is in- tended for general benefit, every student is charged two dollars and fifty cents a quarter for steward and commons, whether he board in commons or not. 2. Any Student wishing to board out of Commons must make application for each quarter, at least a week previous to quarter day. The mode of applying is to lodge with the Tutor of his class a written request, stating the place where he proposes to board, which, in the case of a minor, shall be accompanied by the written consent of his parent, or guardian, or patron. 3. He must live at a house approved by the Imme- diate Government : and no houses are to be approved as boarding" places but such as conform to the regula- tions which may be established. No one can be put out of Commons but by a note from the President, or ooe of the Tutors, his own Tu- tor if in College. Each Student boardiug in Com- mons shall, immediately upon coming into town, give IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 19 notice to the contractor at the kitchen ; and, if any neglect to give such notice, he shall be liable to a charge for board amounting to donble the cost of the Commons for the whole of the time he shall have been in Commons without such notice being given. 4. All damage done to the utensils in the Hall at any meal shall be charged to the person or persons who did the same or any part of it, if kiiown ; and if it cannot be known who did the damage, the loss shall be assessed, according to the law respecting damages generally, on the Scholars in Commons. 6. Any violation of order raid decorum at Commons, while the blessing; is asking, or at any other time, shall subject the oiTender to punishment at the discretion of the Government. CHAPTER IX. DAMAGES, REPAIRS, AND QUARTER BILLS. 1. Any Student, who shall damage, destroy, or per- loin property belonging to the College, sliall make good the same, and may also be assessed to an equal amount, to be appropriated to the repairing of general damages : or suffer any of the College punishments, according to the nature and circumstances of the of- fence. If the perpetrator be not discovered, damage when done to any inhabited chamber or study shall be made good by the occupants ; when done in an entry, by an equal assessment upon those inhabiting the entry ; when done to any public seat, table, or room, by an equal assessment upon those who occupy such seat, ta- ble, or room ; and when any other property, belonging to the College, is damaged, or destroyed, or purloined, it shall be made good by all the Students who were in town at the time. 2. Every Scholar is required, without delay, to dis- 20 REVISED CODE OF LAWS. [lY. charge his qiiarterly dupsj and lawful interest shall be paid upon every bill, from the time it has been due three months, till it be discharged. And no student shall be permitted to join his class, to occupy his cham- ber, or to continue at College, who fails to pay to the Steward, on or before the second day of every term, each quarter bill due from him to the College, except, that which was last made out; and if the bills be not paid, as required^, they shall be put in suit in thirty days. CHAPTER X. OF THE LIBRARY. 1. Each Student of the Senior and Junior classes may borrow from the Library, of such books as are se- lected for their use, not more than three volumes at a time ; and each Student of the Sophomore and Fresh- man classes, not more than two volumes ; at such times and by such rules as may be prescribed by the govern- ment. No book shall be borrowed from the Library with- out the knowledge and presence of the Librarian or his Assistant. All books shall be returned on the Thursday preced- ing the Spring and Winter vacations. Those who re- side in Cambridge during any vacation may borrow the number of books allowed to their Class, on the ^liursdays just named, and on the Friday following Commencement. They may, at stated times, exchange their books, and shall return them on the first regular day for their class to borrow books. 2. If any member of the Senior or Junior classes wish, for some special purpose, to read or consult any book not allowed to be in the common use ol the Stu- dents, the Librarian may, if he sees fit, permit him to IV.X REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 21 read or consult such book in the Library, or may lend it to him from the Library. No Undergraduate, when in the Library, shall go into any of the Alcoves, or take down any book from the shelves, or remain there to read or consult any book, except by special permission from the Librarian. 3. If any Undergraduate shall detain a book beyond the prescribed time, he shall not be allowed to borrow any other book, till he has returned or replaced it. 4. If any Student deface, injure, or lose any book belonging to the Library, he shall be assessed in double damages, and be liable to such other punishment as the Government shall think reasonable. 5. Senior Sophisters shall return into the Library all their borrowed books on or before the Friday next preceding the day of their departure from College : and every person shall return all his borrowed books every year, by the eighth day of August ; and after that day no book shall be taken out of the Library till the Fri- day after Commencement. CHAPTER XL OF COMMENCEMENT AND ACADEMICAL DEGREES. L The Commencement will be on the last Wednes- day in August annually. No one shall be admitted to a first degree, who has not attended upon, and satisfactorily performed the course of academical exercises ; nor any one who re- fuses or neglects to perform the part assigned him for Commencement. Each performer at Commencement shall deliver a fair copy of his performance to the President or presid- ing officer at such time as shall be prescribed previous to Commencement. If any one shall make additions to what is contained 22 REVISED CODE OF LAWS- [JV. in the copy delivered by him to the President^ or other presiding officer, or shall utter any thing in publick vv'hich he has been directed to omit, he shall not be suffered to proceed, and shall be liable to lose his de- gree. 2. Every Bachelor of Arts, having preserved a good character during the three years subsequent to his tak- ing his degree, shall, upon complying with the requisi- tions hereafter stated, be entitled to a degree of Master of Arts. Every Bachelor to whom a part has been assigned for performance at Commencement shall furnish the President with a fair copy of his performance, previ- ously to Commencement day, and if any one shall de- liver any thing in publick not approved by the Presi- dent, he shall not be suffered to proceed, and shall be liable to lose his degree. 3. Every Candidate for a second degree shall pay ten dollars to the College Steward. 4. No Scholar shall receive a first or second degree, unless he produce to the President a certificate from the Steward, that he has satisfied his College dues charged in his Quarter Bills, or otherwise charged ac- cording to custom ; and one from the Librarian, that he has returned in good order or replaced all the books he has borrowed from the Library, or made such satis- faction as is required by the law respecting the Library. 5. Every candidate for either degree in Arts, and for the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and Bachelor of Law, shall attend the public procession on Commence- ment day, to and from the College. And everj^ Can- didate for a first degree, shall attend in black, or in such dress as is permitted to be worn by undergrad- uates. 6. Persons, who have received a degree in any other University or College, may, upon proper application, be admitted ad cundem^ upon payment of five dollars to the Steward. But honorary degrees, conferred by the Corporation with the consent of the Overseers, on account of distinguished merit, are free from all charge. IV.] REVISED CODE OF LAWS. 23 CHAPTER XII. OF GUADUATES AND RESIDENT GRADUATES, 1 . Any Master or Bachelor of Arts of good charac- ter may be admitted to the privileges of a Resident Graduate, on giving bond to the Steward, in the sum of one hundred and forty dollars, to pay all College dues. 2. Graduates, and Students in the Theological and Law Schools, and matriculated Medical Students, liv- ing in Cambridge, are admitted to the Lectures and Library of the University. ' 3. If any Graduate or professional Student, residing in Cambridge, shall be chargeable with idleness, ex- travagance, or any vice ; or shall allow disorder in his room, or fail to show respect to the laws and govern- ors of the College, and, after admonition by the Pres- ident, shall not reform, his chamber, if he have one in College, and all his privileges as a Resident Graduate, shall be withdrawn. END. ERRATUM. la Document III. page 21, after the name of the Professor of Rhetorick and Oratory, add " 62 lessons in Rhetorickj of 2 hours . each, given to the Sophomores in divisions.-' ^it,r^^''^^:^^V - ' -^^ '■■'■■■ ' ^^^^#r Mi' '^0^ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 029 908 995 2 *sii ■'^ ■'?J'^'^-J