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Winston-Salem 
 
 Sloitli Carolina 
 
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 Cbe Jlatural (Stograpl)tcaI (JJatetoap 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 Coal Fields of Virginia, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, 
 the Grain and Meat Markets of the North- 
 west to the South Atlantic and Gulf 
 States and Panama Canal 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS SELECTED AND FACTS COMPILED AND WRITTEN 
 
 BY 
 
 COL. G. Webb and L. e. norryce 
 
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 Authorized and Endorsed by the Directors of the Board of Trade 7 J' j 
 
 and Endorsed by the Aldermen and Commissioners 
 of IVinston-Salem 
 
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 L I N A 
 
 INSTON-SALEM is situated in the north central portion of North Carolina, within fifty miles 
 of the main range of the Blue Ridge Mountains, in what is known as the tobacco region of 
 the State. It lies midway and on a direct line between the splendidly developed industrial 
 markets of the Northeast, the grain and meat markets of the Northwest and the rapidly grow- 
 ing markets of the South. It is most favorably located for immediate and wonderful devel- 
 opment. Its geographical position makes it the most logical gateway from the North to the 
 South Atlantic States and the shortest and most natural route for the great export trade 
 
 which will most surely follow the opening of the Panama Canal. 
 
 From Winston-Salem through Virginia 
 into Ohio and Pennsylvania extends the 
 Norfolk & Western Railway system, and 
 to the Northeast and Southwest through 
 this city extends the Southern Railway 
 system. Directly to the South, not over 
 a distance of ninety miles, are the main 
 lines of the Seaboard Air Line and the 
 Atlantic Coast Line. These with their 
 branches and connections penetrate 
 every market of importance in the South 
 Atlantic and Gulf States. With respect 
 to these four great railway systems, Win- 
 ston-Salem occupies a geographical posi- 
 tion which forces the conviction that it 
 is destined to become, in the rapid de- 
 velopment now taking place, one of the 
 most important cities of the South. 
 
 CLIMATE AND ALTITUDE. THE 
 
 MOST HEALTHY LOCALITY 
 
 IN THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 THE PEOPLE. 
 
 Winston-Salem is two hundred miles 
 inland from the sea, in the Piedmont 
 
 section, at an altitude of nearly one 
 thousand feet. The climate is dry and 
 healthy. Few cities in America can be 
 found with the same climatic advantages. 
 The Government Census Bureau recently 
 selected a strip of country which showed 
 the best health record of any portion of 
 the United States and in which the death 
 rate was the lowest. The report stated 
 that this .strip of country was in North 
 Carolina and it embraces the location 
 of Winston-Salem. 
 
 The temperature in summer seldom 
 rises above ninety degrees, or falls below 
 twenty degrees in winter. The annual 
 rainfall approximates very closely forty- 
 eight inches. The fall season is perhaps 
 the most delightful in the United States. 
 
 The people of Winston-Salem are quiet 
 and religious, cultured and refined, gen- 
 erous and hospitable, and intensely 
 energetic. Idleness is almost entirely 
 unknown, and as a result prosperity and 
 happiness characterize the entire citizen- 
 ship. The population of Winston-Salem 
 is twenty-two thousand. 
 
 CHARACTER OF SOIL. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS. 
 
 The farm lands of Forsyth and adjoining counties are highly productive. The subsoil is red clay with 
 occasional gray sandy loam. They are peculiarly adapted to the production of the rich mahogany tobaccos, 
 which are regarded as the finest in America for the manufacture of chewing tobacco. But corn, wheat, oats, 
 rye, and almost every vegetable known are easily produced and yield abundantly. 
 
 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. 
 
 There are few cities in the South with a more thoroughly systematized, broad-minded and liberal admin- 
 istration than Winston-Salem. It is characterized by the absence of unnecessary ordinances, and the result is 
 
obedience to law, contentment and prosperity. The tax rate of the city is $i 
 has a thoroughly efficient police department, a splendid fire department, as 
 he found in the South, a splendid city market and with every department o 
 and economically administered 
 
 The growth of the Twin 
 years has been remark- 
 cent modern Court-House 
 old building ; immense fac- 
 sale and retail business 
 church spires reach up 
 parts of the city ; magnifi- 
 lawns have been built; 
 vines have been planted; 
 the streets have been 
 electric lights and electric 
 installed and altogether 
 one of the best -governed 
 in the South. 
 
 AT NISSENS FAP.H 
 
 fTD^R /^\yE:^-lOE . W^3T VIEIW. 
 
 oo per Si CO of property. The city 
 
 fine a water supply system as can 
 
 f the municipality most judiciously 
 
 City for the past fifteen 
 ably rapid. A magnifi- 
 has taken the place of the 
 tories and blocks of whole- 
 houses have been erected ; 
 through trefled trees in all 
 cent homes with beautiful 
 trees and flowers and 
 parks have been made; 
 paved and macadamized ; 
 street railways have been 
 Winston-Salem is perhaps 
 and most beautiful cities 
 
 THE CHURCHES AND CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES. 
 
 The progressive people of this city are not unmindful of their spiritual welfare, and the religious edifices 
 they have erected are in keeping, in point of excellence, with the magnificent factories and homes they have 
 built. The denominations represented here are as follows: 
 
 Moravian, five; Methodist, four; Presbyterian, two; Baptist, five; Protestant Methodist, one; Episcopal, one; 
 Lutheran, one; Roman Catholic, one. 
 
 The colored people have eleven churches, difTerent denominations, some of which are splendid edifices, 
 
 costing from $10,000 to $15,000 each. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association of this city is 
 in a flourishing condition and is one of the strongest in 
 the State. It is managed by a board of representative 
 business men, and the work is conducted on the most 
 progressive and up-to-date lines, and it is under the per- 
 sonal supervision of competent secretaries. The equip- 
 ment is thoroughly modern, consisting of educational 
 class rooms, reading and reception rooms, gymnasium 
 and bathrooms. P. A. Colbert is chief secretary. 
 
 SECRET AND FRATERNAL ORDERS. 
 
 The fraternal orders in this city are all in a flourish- 
 ing condition and several maintain more than one lodge. 
 They are: 
 
 Masonic; Winston Lodge and Piedmont Commandery 
 MASONIC TEMPLE Knights Tcmplars ; Knights of Pythias; Independent 
 
 Order of Odd Fellows; Knights of Honor; Knights and Ladies of Honor; Junior Order United American 
 Mechanics; Improved Order Red Men; B. P. O. Elks; The Eagles. 
 
PART OF THE CITY-VIEW FROM THE WEST 
 
 There is a Ministerial Association in this city. It is composed of the ministers of the various denominations 
 of Winston and Salem. Regular meetings are held at which the spiritual welfare of the entire community is 
 discussed and plans formulated for aggressive ministerial work. As a result of the work of this Association 
 a vast deal of good is accomplished, and there exists a spirit of friendliness among all denominations scarcely 
 to be found in any other city. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL ADVANTAGES. COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. 
 
 Salem Academy and College 
 
 young women and girls in 
 in America except two. 
 educational institution in 
 never been closed since 
 is drawn, practically, from 
 register shows an attend- 
 pupils; an average of one 
 year of its existence. It 
 principles, but deeply re- 
 work. The matriculation 
 and six hundred pupils. 
 
 Salem Boys' School. — 
 fitting school, but the 
 and the course of study is 
 equip the students for the 
 
 -Dr. J. H. Clewell, principal. 
 
 AT NISSEN'S PARK 
 
 This is the oldest school for the education of 
 the South, and the oldest 
 It opened its doors as an 
 1802, and the school has 
 that time. Its patronage 
 all of the States, and the 
 ance of more than 1 1 ,000 
 hundred new names each 
 is non-sectarian in its 
 ligious in its methods of 
 last year was between five 
 
 This is in the nature of a 
 standards are very high 
 designed to thoroughly 
 duties of life. The at- 
 
 tendance is very large. 
 
 City Public School. — ^This is perhaps one of the largest public schools, not a graded school, in the State. 
 The average attendance is three hundred boys and girls. 
 
 The City's Graded Schools. — These represent three schools for white pupils and one for negro pupils. The 
 standard in every department in all 
 these schools is very high, and pupils 
 graduated are sufficiently advanced to 
 enter the business ranks. In one of 
 the schools is a commercial department, 
 teaching stenography, typewriting and 
 bookkeeping. The enrollment in these 
 schools shows, whites, one thousand and 
 ninety-eight; colored, seven hundred and 
 six. 
 
 Slater Industrial and State Normal 
 School. — One of the three Normal 
 schools of North Carolina for the educa- 
 tion of the colored race. This school is 
 for the education of negroes. The man- 
 agement of the school is under the direc- 
 tion of a board of leading white citizens 
 of this city and in other States and S. G. 
 Atkins, colored principal of the school. 
 The matriculation last year was three 
 hundred and fifty pupils. Reports from 
 this school show that it is doing a splendid work in educating and training young negroes. 
 
 HOME MORAVIAN CHURCH 
 
Y. M. C. A. Night School. — This Association is aiding 
 materially in educating the young men who, from necessity, 
 are forced to work during the day. There were twenty- 
 five young men enrolled in this school last year. 
 
 In addition to the schools above enumerated there 
 are several private schools. 
 
 The total enrollment in all the schools, including the 
 Salem Female Academy and the Slater Industrial School, 
 approximates four thousand pupils. 
 
 THE CITY'S BANKS, FINANCES, POST-OFFICE AND 
 INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 FISH PONDS AND SPRINGS AT NISSEN'S PARK 
 
 There are four banks in Winston-Salem, and in 
 resources and deposits they lead the banks of any other city in North Carolina. The aggregate of resources 
 is $5,723,386.95; the aggregate of deposits is $4,371,304.39. 
 
 This indicates that there is no lack of capital to encourage any enterprise of merit that meets the approval 
 of the business men of the community. The four banks are as follows: 
 
 Wachovia Loan & Trust Company. — (Report June 15, 1905), total of resources, $4,024,513.18; deposits, 
 
 «3. 345. 778. 69. 
 
 Peoples National Bank. — (Report May 29, 1905), resources, $672,752.59; deposits, $482,022.95. 
 Wachovia National Bank. — (Report May 29, 1905), resources, $818,744.02 ; deposits, $452,077.73. 
 Piedmont Savings Bank. — (Report May 29, 1905), resources $207,377.16: deposits, $91,425.02. 
 
 ARISTA COTTON MILLS. SOUTH SIDE 
 
 THE POST-OFFICE BUSINESS. 
 
 There is nothing that shows more plainly the growth and development of a city than does the business of 
 the Post-ofifice. 
 
 In 1894 the receipts of Winston-Salem's Post-office were $30,209.39. For the year ending March 31, 1905, 
 eleven years later, the receipts aggregated $62,725.70. 
 
 In addition to the Postmaster and one assistant there are fourteen clerks, twelve city carriers, seven R. F. D. 
 carriers and six Railway Postal Clerks. Thus it can be seen that in eleven years the receipts of the Post-office 
 in this city have more than doubled and that the increase in the force has been almost trebled. 
 
 INTERNAL REVENUE DEPARTMENT U. S. A. 
 
 The branch office of the United States Treasury 
 Department, located in this city, received in revenues for 
 tobacco, spirits, and cigars for the year ending July i, 1905, 
 the sum of $1,984,683.17. ' 
 
 RAILROAD FACILITIES, FREIGHT TRAFFIC AND 
 PASSENGER ACCOMMODATIONS. 
 
 Winston-Salem is situated on two of the principal rail- 
 way systems entering the South, the Southern and the 
 Norfolk & Western. The freight stations here of these two 
 systems are now handling per annum on an average of 
 252,000 cars, transfer and local. Of these, 50,400 are 
 local cars loaded in and loaded out of the citv. The cash 
 
 SWIMMING POOL AT NISSEN'S PARK 
 
receipts at these stations lor freight charges closely approxi- 
 mate $624,000 ])er annum or $12,500 ])cr week. This does 
 not include freight shi])pcd collect. 
 
 PASSENGER FACILITIES. 
 
 Winston-Salem has three ])asscnger trains daily with 
 Pullman service, connecting with the main line of the 
 Southern, the Seaboard Air Line, and Atlantic Coast Line; 
 two trains daily from Charlotte, N. C, to Roanoke, Va.; 
 one train daily to and from WilkesVjoro, N. C, via the South- 
 ern Railway; one train daily to and from Roanoke, Va., 
 via the Norfolk & Western Railway ; one train daily to and 
 
 from Mt. Airy, via the Southern Railway and one train daily to and from Charlotte, N. C, via the Southern 
 Railway. 
 
 The total number of passenger trains arriving and dejjarting daily is eighteen, and in addition there are a 
 number of freight trains carrying passengers — accommodation freights. 
 
 Sixteen passenger trains arriving and departing daily bring and carry mail. In addition to the above 
 railway facilities it has been determined to build an Electric Railway System from this city to High Point, a 
 distance of twenty-two miles, connecting with the main line of the Southern Railway. Work on this electric 
 line has already begun. It has also been determined to build a steam railway line a distance of ninety-three 
 miles, to Wadesboro, and connecting with the Seaboard Air Line and Atlantic Coast Line at that ])oint and the 
 Norfolk & Western at Winston-Salem. This road when completed will give the most direct route from the coal 
 
 AT NISSEN'S PARK 
 
 BIRDSEYE VIEW OF C. F. NISSEN'S WAGON FACTORY 
 
 fields ot \'irginia, Ohio and Pennsylvania to the ;\tlantic Ocean. This road will be known as the South Bound 
 Railway. All the money necessary to make its building an assured fact has Ijcen raised. 
 
 DIVERSIFIED INDUSTRIES, EMPLOYING THOUSANDS, AND ANNUALLY TURNING MILLIONS OF DOL- 
 LARS INTO THE CHANNELS OF TRADE. 
 
 There are many diversified industries in Winston-Salem, every one of which is prospering and they are 
 turning into the channels of trade, by payments to their employees, several millions of dollars per year, several 
 thousands of dollars per day. These industries are furnishing means of a competent and comfortable living for 
 their operatives, a lucrative business for the mer- 
 chants of the city and are aiding very materially in j^^^^ _L . f^ 
 enriching the farmers of the county. 
 
 TOBACCO MANUFACTURE -LEAF AND STEMS. 
 
 The chief manufacturing industry of this city is 
 that of tobacco, and in this Winston-Salem leads the 
 world in the manufacture of chewing tobacco or 
 "flat goods." Over thirty-one million pounds 
 (31,000.000) are manufactured yearly. It is sold 
 principally in the Southern States, yielding an enor- 
 mous yearly income, furnishes a means of liveHhood 
 to hundreds of families and gives to the producer of 
 leaf tobacco a strong, steady market at all times. 
 
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While more than 31 ,000,000 pounds 01 tobacco 
 arc manufactured in Winston-Salem, not more than 
 20,000,000 pounds of leaf are sold from wagons. 
 The demand for leaf is about 13,000,000 pounds 
 greater than the supply. This fact carries with it 
 the evidence that tobacco raising in all of the 
 counties, having Winston-Salem for a market, is 
 and will continue to be profitable for many years 
 to come. 
 
 For the 18,028,976 pounds of leaf tol.iacco sold 
 in this market last year the four warehouses of the 
 citv paid to the farmers $1,443,670.72, an average 
 of 8.01 cents per pound. The excess of leaf to- 
 bacco (averaging 13,000,000 pounds) manufactured each year is bought in remote markets and shijjped to 
 this city by rail. Those engaged in the manufacture of tobacco are: 
 
 
 ARISTA COTTON MILLS 
 
 VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL WORKS 
 
 TOBACCO MANUFACTURERS. 
 
 Brown & Williamson, manufacturing plug. The largest independent fiat-plug tobacco manufacturers in 
 the United States. Their leading brands are "Kite," "Golden Grain," "Sweet and Juicy," "JBlood Hound," 
 
 "Brown and Williamson's Best," "Maginty 
 Twist," and "Brown and Williamson's Sun Cured." 
 
 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co., manufacturing 
 plug tobacco. 
 
 Liipfert-Scales Co., manufacturing both smok- 
 ing and plug. 
 
 Taylor Brothers, manufacturing twist and plug. 
 
 Whitaker-Harvey Co., manufacturing plug. 
 
 Ogburn, Hill & Co., manufacturing plug. 
 
 Bailey Brothers, manufacturing plug. 
 
 M. L. Ogburn & Co., manufacturing plug. 
 
 F. M. Bohanon, manufacturing plug. 
 
 LEAF DEALERS. 
 Sterling Smith & Co. ; Currin & Coleman Bros. 
 
TOBACCO STEMS. 
 
 B. J. Shepperd & Co. This firm exports prin- 
 cipally. 
 
 Cigar manufacturers are: 
 
 A. R. Bennett & Co. and Dr. V. 0. Thompson. 
 
 TOBACCO WAREHOUSES. 
 
 The leaf tobaeeo is unloaded from wagons 
 into warehouses and sold at auction to the dealers. 
 There are four of these warehouses in Winston- 
 Salem, as follows: 
 
 Piedmont Warehouse ; Brown's Warehouse ; 
 Farmers' Warehouse ; Star Warehouse. 
 
 The aggregate floor area of these four warehouses is 80,000 sciuare feet and there is furnished, in addition, 
 stall room for twelve hundred horses and mules. 
 
 The number of employees engaged in the tobacco business, manufacturing and handling leaf, is five thousand 
 four hundred and eighteen. 
 
 IVlrtUliNC IVJILU^ L.U. 
 
 VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL WORKS 
 
 COTTON MANUFACTURERS— COTTON, WOOLEN AND KNITTING MILLS. 
 
 Not many miles lie between Winston-Salem and the cotton fields, and with characteristic thrift the people 
 of this city, a number of years Ijack, turned their attention to the manufacture of cotton and woolen cloth, and 
 more recently to the knitting of frame-spun and mule-spun 
 yams into underwear and hosiery. These cotton and wool 
 industries are as follows: 
 
 Arista Mills Company. Operating two mills, which 
 have an aggregate of 15,936 spindles and 368 looms. 
 
 F. & H. Fries. — Established in 1S40 for the manufac- 
 ture of woolen jeans and have been in continuous operation 
 since that date. 
 
 The mills engaged in the manufacture of underwear 
 and hosiery are: 
 
 P. H. Hanes Knitting Co., manufacturing men's under- 
 wear. 
 
 Maline Mills, manufacturing ladies' and misses' under- 
 wear. 
 
 . -- . - ■> - «Ksaft.* 
 
 FORSYTH ROLLER MILLS 
 II 
 

 WAGON FACTORY OF GEO E. NISSEN & CO. 
 
 Shamrock Mills and The Carolina Mills, manufacturing liosiery. 
 
 These knitting mills manufacture six thousand dozen pairs of hose per week and five thousand seven hun- 
 dred dozen of fine ribbed underwear per week for men, women and children. 
 
 The above mills give steady employment to more than one thousand operatives, and there is still a demand 
 for additional labor at satisfactory prices. 
 
 THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE AND AVAIL- 
 ABILITY OF TIMBERS USED. 
 
 In no other State in the Union grows such a variety 
 of woods, both hard and soft, as North Carolina, and 
 Winston-Salem is located in and near the very finest of 
 this wooded section. The native forest growth is of the 
 V)est quality of all varieties of oaks, elms, and some others 
 suitable for furniture manufacture, many reaching a 
 great size. It will take years to exhaust the present 
 supply lying almost at the very doors of the manufac- 
 tories, even with many times the number at present 
 engaged in this industry. The following are factories 
 already established and in operation in this cit)': 
 
 United States Veneer Company. This plant is operating the very latest invention in veneer-making machinery. 
 Salem Parlor Furniture Company, manufacturing lounges, couches and parlor furniture. 
 Oakland Manufacturing Company, manufacturing a general line of furniture. 
 Winston Furniture Company, manufacturers of desks. 
 Forsyth Chair Company, manufacturers of chairs — rockers. 
 
 Forsyth Iron Bed Company, manufacturers of brass 
 
 and iron bedsteads. 
 
 Forsyth Furniture Company, manufacturers of a general 
 line of furniture. 
 
 Forsyth Manufacturing Company, manufacturing 
 chairs. 
 
 These furniture manufacturing industries employ 
 nearly six hundred operatives. 
 
 The volume of business done by retail furniture deal- 
 ers and undertakers will approximate $250,000 per annum, 
 giving employment to about fifty people. Prominent 
 among these dealers are : 
 
 Huntley-Hill-Stockton Company and A. C. Vogler & 
 Sons. 
 
 WACHOVIA FLOUR AND GRIST MILL 12 
 
V/AOKrM RIVETR D/3i/A,MND POna/ER MOUSE 
 
 EXTENSIVE WAGON MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The excellent quality of white oak and hickory timber that grows in this section of North Carolina is exactly 
 suited to the manufacture of wagons, and as early as 1834 this industry was Ijegun. The factory then estab- 
 lished is now the most prosperous perhaps in the State. There is now invested in ])lants for the manufacture 
 of wagons in this city and suburbs very close to $350,000. The firm names of these industries are as follows: 
 
 Geo. E. Nissen & Company; C. F. Nissen & Company; Spach Brothers; Nissen & Roan; F. C. Meinung 
 and White & Barnes. The product of these industries is sold principally in North and South Carolina and 
 
 the Virginias, and to some extent in many other States. 
 
 OTHER WOOD-WORKING INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Salem Excelsior Company and Twin City Wood Com- 
 pany, operating excelsior plants. 
 
 J. E. Shelton Box Company, manufacturing tobacco 
 boxes, and The Winston Handle Company. 
 
 WINSTON-SALEM MACHINE SHOPS. 
 
 These have won an enviable reputation in the mar- 
 kets of the world for the manufacture of wood-working 
 machinery, textile machinery, saw mills, cigarette-making machines, dyeing machines, clean-air machines 
 (humidifyers), steam mills and the like. Those engaged in these indu.stries are: 
 
 Salem Iron Works, saw mills, wood-working machinery, etc. 
 
 J. A. Vance & Company, wood-working machinery. 
 
 Winston Cigarette Machine Company, manufacturing the only patent cigarette machine. 
 
 W. B. Cooke & Company, iron and brass foundry. 
 
 The Crawford Plumbing & Mill Supply Company. 
 
 L. B. Brickenstein, plumbing, tin, slate and gravel 
 roofing. 
 
 Winston Mill Supply Company, boilers, engines, wood- 
 working machinery, etc. 
 
 Briggs-Shaffner Company, inventors and operating ex- 
 jierimental machine shops. 
 
 American Aquahoist Company, manufacturers of pumps. 
 
 These industries employ about two hundred and 
 twenty-five people. 
 
 WINSTON-SALEM'S FERTILIZER FACTORIES. 
 
 Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company Branch. Output 
 per annum, 35,000 tons, or about 3,500 cars. U 
 
 •3 
 
i RESIDCMCE Of^ DISTRICT MTTOONCY, e «* . HOL-TOFM 
 
 Ho/vvE or OEO. c.NisserM 
 
'5'*%'e«'C<CE OF. Ga.*Cv«.P:Bi,t:s 
 
 RE3IOCNCE OF" THE: U/OkTE: JOHN W. MANE&. 
 
Union Guano Company. Capacity 25,000 tons annually, or aliout 2,500 cars, 
 about two hundred and thirty men. 
 
 FLOUR AND MEAL MILLS. 
 
 These two industries employ 
 
 The soil throughout this tobacco region is well adapted to the raising of wheat, corn and other grain, and 
 there are few farmers who do not raise, in addition to fine 
 tobacco crops, sufficient wheat and corn to supply their 
 respective farms and have a surplus for market. As a 
 result flour and grist mills in Winston-Salem pay satisfac- 
 tory dividends. The market here is always firm for wheat 
 and corn, and residents of this city are very largely sup- 
 plied with ffour made from home-grown wheat. The mills 
 of Winston-Salem are : 
 
 Forsyth Roller Mills, capacity two hundred barrels of 
 flour and two hundred bushels of meal per day. 
 
 Wachovia Mills, capacity one hundred barrels of flour 
 and two hundred bushels of meal per day. 
 
 Spach Brothers, fifty barrels of flour per day. 
 
 TWO STALLS IN THE MARKET. W. F. SNIPES & CO. 
 
 — .1|r :•'«?!.. 
 
 ELECTRIC PLANT AND STREET CAR 
 SERVICE. 
 
 Fries Manufacturing Power Company. 
 
 This company owns and operates the street 
 railway system, furnishes electrical power for 
 lighting the city, and for the cotton mills and 
 many smaller industries. Ten miles of street 
 railway are operated for passengers and 
 freight. A ten -minute schedule is main- 
 tained and the service is considered second 
 to none in the South. This company main- 
 tains two plants, one on the Yadkin river, a 
 distance of fourteen miles, and one in the city 
 where the power is generated by steam. The 
 latter is maintained principally as a safeguard 
 against accident. 
 
 C. M. THOMAS & CO. COAL CHUTE 
 
 16 
 
COAL AND ICE, 
 
 These important 
 branches of Imsiness 
 give employment to 
 a very large number 
 of people. The ice 
 manufactured is suf- 
 ficient to supply the 
 demands of the city 
 and to aid materially 
 in supplying adjacent 
 markets. The firms 
 prominent in these 
 two branches of busi- 
 ness are: 
 
 C. M. Thomas & 
 Company, and Major 
 J. G. Young, coal. 
 
 CLEAR-WATER BASIN, NEW WATER PLANT 
 
 THE BUILDING TRADE -THOSE WHO ERECT OUR FACTORIES, STOREROOMS AND DWELLINGS. 
 
 Under this head is included contractors and builders, woodworkers, bricklayers and mortar-workers ' and 
 mdeed all engaged m the building industry. Fully five hundred and twenty men are so employed regularly, 
 
 to whom is paid weekly, approximately, $4,500. Among 
 the principal contractors are: 
 
 Fogle Bros. Company. This firm has been in business 
 in this city thirty-five years. 
 
 Miller Bros., Incorporated. This is an old and well- 
 established finn. 
 
 Smith-Philipps Lumber Company, manufacturers of 
 building material. 
 
 BUILDING OUTLOOK FOR THE PRESENT 
 YEAR (1905). 
 
 SPACH BROS. WAGON FACTORY AND FLOUR MILL 
 
 The number of buildings erected in this city during 
 the year 1904 was three hundred and twelve These 
 buildings were of all classes, and there was of course during the year a considerable amount of remodeling 
 
 I' or the present year it is conservatively estimated 
 that $500,000 will be expended in the erection of new ' ' ' ' ' 
 
 buildings in this city. Of these are an elegant hotel at a 
 
 cost of $100,000; a Masonic temple $100,000; a Government ...^t 
 
 building $60,000 ; a memorial hall $30,000, and a number of 
 new storerooms now in course of construction. 
 
 BUILDING AND LOAN ASSOCLATIONS. 
 
 There are three Building and Loan Associations in the 
 Twin City, two operated by the white people and one 
 operated by the negroes. All are in a prosperous condition 
 and have aided materially not only in adding many beauti- 
 ful residences to the city, but in making it possible for 
 many laboring people of moderate circumstances to own 
 their own homes. 
 
 WHOLESALE HOUSES, COMMISSION AND 
 JOBBING MERCHANTS. 
 
 The location in a city of a large number of wholesale 
 houses and commission merchants is the very best evi- 
 
 17 
 
 
 NEW BUILDING OF A. F. MESSICK GROCERY CO. 
 
VIRGINIA-CAROLINA CHEMICAL WORKS 
 
 dence of Efood shi])ping; facilities and a promising outlook for future growth and development. It is also an 
 evidence of the proximity of a number of prosperous markets. But the demand that brings a satisfactory 
 business to the eighteen or twenty wholesale dealers in this city is not confined to near-by markets but comes 
 from all parts of the United States and Europe for the products of our cotton mills, knitting mills, machine shops, 
 furniture factories and the like. Among the wholesale merchants of this city are: 
 
 Gilmer Bros. Company, manufacturers' agents, commission and livokerage merchants. Handling Southeni- 
 
 made cotton goods, hosiery, under- 
 wear, piece goods and the like. 
 
 Marler - Dalton - Gilmer Com- 
 pany, wholesale dry goods and 
 notions. 
 
 Jenkins Bros. Shoe Company, 
 boots and shoes. 
 
 Vaughn & Company, wholesale 
 grocers. 
 
 J. J. Norman & Company, 
 wholesale grocers. 
 
 J. M. Taylor, wholesale grocer. 
 
 A. F. Messick Grocery Com- 
 pany, A. F. Messick, President. 
 
 E. R. Messick, wholesale grocer. 
 
 Cromer Bros. & Company, 
 wholesale grocers. 
 
 Brown-Rogers Co., wholesale 
 and retail dealers in hardware and 
 agricultural implements. 
 
 Forsyth Hardware Company, 
 wholesale and retail dealers in 
 hardware and agricultural imple- 
 ments. 
 
 Wall & Huske, wholesale and 
 retail dealers in hardware, agricul- 
 tural implements, buggies, car- 
 riages and wagons. 
 
 
 m.'^^ 
 
 HORScs or riRC co number 2. 
 
 imgime: F\Na mor£jE:s of rrRE: CO. No. I 
 
 N. G. Fletcher Company, job- 
 bers in clothing and gents' furnish- 
 ing goods. 
 
 W. T. Vogler & Son, wholesale 
 and retail jewelers and opticians. 
 
 Hine & Shipley, wholesale sad- 
 dlery and harness. 
 
 J. H. Fletcher, wholesale milli- 
 nery and notions. 
 
 The Lick Company, manufac- 
 turers of proprietary articles. 
 
 Watt Martin, tobacco manu- 
 facturers' supplies and advertising 
 signs. 
 
 Frank S. Verney, merchandise 
 broker. 
 
 H. A. Nading, wholesale foreign 
 and domestic notions and agents 
 for Southern Mills. 
 
 Click-Rierson Company, whole- 
 sale sellers of merchandise direct 
 from factory to buyer. Mail order 
 business. 
 
 These wholesale jobbers and 
 commission merchants employ 
 about two hundred and twenty- 
 five people. 
 
 5CENE. IN TBONT OF BROWNb ToeACCO WflRC- 
 _______C1QUSE (ylftlN STREIEX. ^ — — 
 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRUGS AND PATENT MEDICINES. 
 
 The wholesale and retail drug business of Winston-Salem, including the manufacture of proprietary reme- 
 dies and patent medicines, is of considerable volume. In this line are: 
 
 Checkers Medicine Company, manufacturers of proprietary remedies and patent medicines. The floor area 
 
 of this factory is nearly loo,- 
 
 ooo square feet, and one hun- 
 dred people are employed. 
 
 Vaughn, Crutchfield Com- 
 pany, wholesale and manu- 
 facturing druggists. 
 
 Owen's Drug Company, 
 wholesale and retail. P. J. 
 Brame, president. 
 
 Dr. V. O. Thompson, 
 wholesale and retail druggist. 
 
 The firms engaged in the 
 retail drug business exclu- 
 sively are: 
 
 E. W. O'Hanlan; J. F. 
 Shaffner; Lanquist & Pfohl; 
 H. P. Watson & Co., and the 
 Jones Drug Co. (colored). 
 One hundred and sixty-two 
 people are employed in this 
 branch of business. 
 
 RETAIL STORES. 
 
 There is a very large 
 number of elegant stores, rep- 
 resenting all lines of business. 
 Prominent among these are 
 two immense department 
 stores, carrying enormous 
 stocks of clothing, dry goods 
 and notions, millinery, shoes 
 and, indeed, every article 
 usually found in such estab- 
 lishments. These department 
 stores are owned, respectively, 
 by D. D. Schouler and Rosen- 
 bacher Bros. Each employs 
 ;i very large force of compe- 
 tent clerks. The volume of 
 business of each approximates 
 S 2 50,000 to $300,000 per an- 
 num. 
 
AA/MN AND THIRD CTREETS, WMCHC5V/lr\ 
 
 Prominent among the dry goods stores is A. Dave 
 & Co. They do a large volume of business. Promi- 
 nent among the dealers in clothing and men's fur- 
 nishing goods is N. L. Cranford & Co., and the Win- 
 ston Clothing Co. Prominent among the shoe dealers 
 are J. L. Lashmitt, Frank C. Brown and Neely & 
 Crute. 
 
 The retail stores, not including small retail deal- 
 ers, employ no less than six hundred clerks. 
 
 WINSTON-SALEM'S WATER SUPPLY. 
 
 The water supply of Winston-Salem is ample for 
 a population of 100,000 people, and expert analysis 
 shows the water to be practically ])ure. Winston and 
 Salem each has a water supply plant recently com- 
 pleted and each is equipped with the most modern 
 machinery. The two systems are connected and in 
 case of fire or accident either can render the other all 
 necessary assistance. 
 
 THE TWIN CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The equipment for fighting fire in the Twin City 
 is most excellent and is as follows : 
 
 One hundred and ten men, paid and volunteer. 
 Five steamers, two hook-and-ladder trucks; four hose 
 reels for horses; two hand reels; twelve horses and, 
 approximately, five thousand feet of hose. The 
 Gamewell Electric Alarm system is used throughout 
 the Twin City. 
 
 CITY MARKET. 
 
 Winston-Salem maintains a large and scrupu- 
 loush' clean meat market, with a clerk, weigher and 
 inspector, who is invested with police authority , and 
 he is required to make monthly reports to a market 
 committee appointed from the Board of Aldermen. 
 Not a pound of meat is allowed to be sold in the city 
 until it has been inspected and pronounced whole- 
 some. There are ten commodious stalls in this 
 market, and the floor is of cement with excellent 
 drainage to keep it scrupulously clean. 
 
 THE TWIN CITY'S PARKS. 
 
 Winston-Salem has two splendid parks. One 
 immediately north of the City limits, known as Fair 
 View Park and designed for athletic sports. It 
 embraces a large enclosure with a commodious 
 grand stand and sufficient area outside to accom- 
 modate circuses and the like. This park is located 
 at the north terminus of the electric car line. 
 
 F"ive miles southeast from the city is located 
 Nissen Park, which is designed for quiet recreation 
 and rest. It furnishes beautiful scenery of both the 
 works of nature and of art, and just such refined 
 entertainment in music and moving pictures is fur- 
 nished as attracts and delights a very large number 
 of visitors daily. This park is the southern terminus 
 
of the electric street railway and the ride alone, from 
 the city and back, through the main street of old 
 Salem, with its many quaint buildings, and over 
 rolling hills through spreading oaks is as refreshing 
 and invigorating as could be desired. 
 
 BUILDING AND MONUMENTAL STONES CAN BE 
 PROCURED AT REASONABLE RATES. 
 
 Within sixty miles north of Winston-Salem, this 
 .State, are located inexhaustible gray granite fields, 
 and extensive quarries are located at the town of 
 Mt. Airy. This granite is sold in immense quantities 
 throughout the Northern and Eastern States and 
 through the South. The ojjerators of these quarries 
 have now a Government contract amounting to 
 $125,000. 
 
 Within forty miles of this city on the main line, 
 practically, of the Southern Railway to Charlotte are 
 found, in immense quantity, a blue pearl granite, the 
 density of which is very much greater than that of 
 gray granite and it is susceptible of a very high polish. 
 This has been pronounced by experts to be the finest 
 cjuality of granite found in the United States, and it 
 is rare. The quarries are owned and operated by 
 McGaUiard & Sons of this city. 
 
 Within six miles of this city are located important 
 gray granite quarries owned and operated by J. A. & 
 C. E. Bennett of this city. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 
 
 The following is a list of the daily, weekly and 
 monthly publications of the City: Winston-Salem 
 Journal, daily, morning; Twin City Sentinel, daily, 
 afternoon; Union Republican, weekly; Globe, weekly; 
 Western Sentinel, weekly; The Southern Tobacco 
 Journal, weekly; The Wachovia Moravian, monthly; 
 The Retail Merchant and Manufacturer, monthly ; The 
 Academy, monthly; The Ivy, monthly; Southern 
 Home Journal, monthly; Jabs, monthly. There are 
 in addition to these several extensive job printing 
 establishments, among them being Lew Rudy's Print 
 Shop; King's Printing House; Lanier's Printing House; 
 Stewart Bros.; Crist & Keehln. 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 The yearly output of the manufactured products 
 of Winston-Salem approximates $16,000,000. 
 
 The diversified industries of this city employ 
 approximately 9,458 people, turning into the chan- 
 nels of trade by wages paid to them, approximately, 
 $3,250,000 per annum, over $61,000 per week, more 
 than $10,000 per day. 
 
 The banks of this city have resources aggregat- 
 ing $S-723o86.9S and deposits aggregating $4,371.- 
 304 39- 
 
 The freight depots of Winston-Salem are hand- 
 ling 252,000 freight cars per annum, transfer and 
 
 VIEW OM L-IBECTXV «NO rOORTM 3X'S 
 
 *3 
 
POND ABOVE NEW WATER PLANT 
 
 
 W. T. BROWN'S WHEAT FARM 
 24 
 
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 p 
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 h 
 
 a; 
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 2 
 
 w 
 
 M 
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 Dl 
 
 25 
 
OAKLAND FURNITURE COMPANY 
 
 local, and of these 50,400 cars are local, loaded in 
 and out of the city. 
 
 The cash collected for freight charges by the 
 railroads at this place approximates $624,000 per 
 annum, or $12,000 per week. 
 
 The Post-office receipts for the year ending 
 May ist, 1905, were $62,725.70. 
 
 The receipts of the Internal Revenue Depart- 
 ment located in this city were for the year ending 
 July 1,1905, $1,984,683.17, covering revenue on 
 tobacco, cigars and spirits. 
 
 The aggregate volume of business by the 
 wholesale and retail merchants of this city closeh- approximates $5,000,000 per annum. 
 
 ADDITIONAL INDUSTRIES. 
 
 Since beginning to collate facts in these pages, plans to build an additional Electric Power Plant have ma- 
 tured, and work (m the same is in progress; orders for the machinery have been placed and in a few months 
 from fifteen hundred to two thousand ad- 
 ditional electrical horse-power will be 
 added to that already being generated. 
 
 Also an industry to be known as the 
 Pioneer Manufacturing Company, for the 
 
 manufacture of ladies' muslin, wool and silk ■5iMHIJP^..>'i» ■ ^^B^Tr^f^WiWI^^fcj; .f-;^ 
 
 imderwear, and representing a capital stock 
 of $50,000. This industry is practically in 
 operation now (August 15). 
 
 OPPORTUNITIES. 
 
 There can scarcely be found in the 
 South a better location for the planting of 
 industrial enterprises than in Winston- 
 Salem. The geographical location of this 
 city is all that could be desired to reach 
 both Northern and Southern markets ; every 
 industry now in operation in this city is 
 prospering; there is an abundance of capi- 
 tal and enterprise among the business men of Winston-Salem to aid in the establishment of any enterprise 
 manufacturing articles of commercial value. 
 
 A warm, substantial welcome will meet all who come with their minds made up to add their wealth or their 
 industry to the future development of Winston-Salem. 
 
 DIRECTORS OF THE BOARD OF TRADE. 
 
 W. T. Brown, President; R. W. Gorrell, Vice-Presi- 
 dent; J. E. Alexander, J. C. Buxton, H. E. Fries, O. B. 
 Eaton, Clement Manley, J. K. Norfleet, E. W. O'Hanlon, 
 W. N. Reynolds, C. A. Reynolds, J. M. Rogers, H. F. 
 Shaffncr. 
 
 SHAMROCK HOSIERY MILLS CO. 
 
 '.ENSTEIN'S PLUMBING hSTABLiSHMENT 
 
 26 
 
 TWIN CITY HOSPITAL