A. LESGHEN i^ Soms ROPE COMPANY 0( / / ,/~-\ \^' / o< / / ■,.!'. ^ ^ \V' / / ►:.rt^- /■ / „-,tJ^'**^.S?, /r^- PgPiPfjff^SgPglW ,-.,.; 1 •:aii\K ^-* \ TOT in F A ©MMTILJIESf )J^W(B A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company ff ice and Warehouse 920 TO 932 NORTH FIRST STREET, ST. LOUIS, MO. Branch Stores 87 to 89 West Street 137 East Lake Street New York, N. Y. Chicago, III. 1717 to 1723 Arapahoe Street Denver, Col. 313 Pacific Block Seattle, Wash BEING A BRIEF HISTORY OP THE HOUSE OF A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY, FROM ITS FOUNDING IN 1857 TO THE PRESENT TIME, TO WHICH IS ALSO APPENDED A CATA- LOGUE WITH ILLUSTRATIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS OF ITS VARIOUS PRODUCTS • « JUBRARY Of CONGRESS Two Copl«s Receiver JAN 4 1908 r.LASSA XXC: Wu, Copyright 1907 by A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company St. Lowis, Mo. A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY 'IFTY years ago, in St. Louis, Adolph Leschen began in a small way to manufacture hemp or fiber rope. To-day the great manufacturing plant of the A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company, at St. Louis, covers thirty-three acres. The four branch houses and twenty-eight agencies handle the product of the works, and Leschen Wire Rope cobwebs the world. It is perhaps not out of place to refer briefly herein to these fifty years of progress and success, and to the policy which has distinguished our methods of manufacture. In the early days, as now, the Leschen policy was "quality first," and the en- deavor has not been to turn out a product larger than that of any other manufacturer, but to make wire rope of a quality which may always be relied upon. Few changes have taken place in the half century, either in administration or in ideals. The firm name as it appeared fifty years ago was not changed until 1872. when Mr. Henry Leschen, now president of the corporation, became a partner with his father under the firm name of A. Leschen Sz Son. Five years later, upon the entrance of John A. Leschen, now vice-president, the name was changed to A. Leschen & Sons. Such was the growth of the business, that in 1886 it was deemed wise to incorporate it under the present title of A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company. In 1898 ^Ir. Charles H. Tucker became secretary- and treasurer. The Leschen Works are located on the Terminal Railway Belt Line which con- nects with all the trunk lines of the United States. The St. Louis warehouses are on North First Street, and contain a large and varied stock of such types of wire rope as are in constant demand. To effectively handle the business of the Atlantic and Eastern States, the New York store was established at 163 and 165 Washington Street, and is now in the West Street Building, Nos. 87, 88 and 89 West Street. This, in addition to being one of the distributing points of enormous quantities of Hercules and Patent Flattened Strand Rope, is also the headquarters of the fast growing export trade. Through the Chicago branch, at 137 East Lake Street, rope is supplied for the iron, lumber, coal and stone industries of the middle North. The great mining interests of the West are served through the Denver branch, at 17 17-1723 Arapahoe Street, where such rope is carried as is required principally in mining opera- tions and for aerial tramways. The Seattle branch handles the important logging and lumber interests of the great Northwest. In addition to these branches, separate A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY agencies of the A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company are located at Boston, Buffalo, Philadelphia, Pittsburg-, Baltimore, Charleston, S. C," Savannah, Jacksonville, Birm- ingham, New Orleans, Galveston, Memphis, Chattanooga, Knoxville, Nashville, Cin- cinnati, Columbus, Indianapolis, Portland, St. Paul, Kansas City, Duluth, Salt Lake City, Butte, Mont., Spokane, San Francisco, Los Angeles. It would be dithcult to overestimate the extent to which wire rope is used to-day throughout the world. Leschen rope will be found in use not only throughout the United States and Canada, but in all of the South American republics, Mexico, Cuba, the Philippines, South Africa, Japan, Turkey, Egypt, India and Russia. It is also in use in the important work at the Isthmus of Panama. Either through the home office, or through any one of the four branches or twenty- eight agencies, customers may obtain rope made especially to meet their requirements, and because of the care and honesty of purpose maintained in its manufacture, it will be found absolutely reliable. The wire of which Leschen rope is made is of the best foreign grade obtainable. It is specially drawn, tempered in oil to absolute perfection, tough and strong; it will not become brittle, and is tested to insure reliability and uniformity. It is a recognized fact that lives depend upon the tensile strength of a single rope ; it is for this reason that we are constantly endeavoring to live up to our well known policy of "quality first." With a view of constantly improving our product, we endeavor to keep in touch with users of our rope, for although their opinion usually embodies itself in approval, we obtain from them many valuable suggestions as to practical methods. We wish to express our appreciation both of their commendation and their suggestions. It is part of our business to study the needs of wire rope users in general and to produce rope not only as nearly perfect as possible, but in the various types which meet the varying conditions with which we are constantly confronted. Success along these lines can only be brought about by a total disregard of that personal gain which sacrifices reliability. It is understood by everybody employed by us that quality, not quantity, is paramount first and always; no encouragement is given to increase of the output, for when volume is the chief consideration quality is apt to be sacrificed. It is because of all these facts that we have been able to maintain the reputation which we have enjoyed during the past half century, and which alone is sufficient to account for the widespread and constant growth of our business. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY A Few Words on Wire Rope IT is almost impossible to enumerate the different uses to which wire rope is adapted, new uses being continually found for it. In most cases it is more economical and more suitable for the work than either hemp rope, chain or iron rods. In the use of wire rope the most satisfactory results are always obtained with large size sheaves and drums; the greater the diameter of the sheaves and drums the longer the rope will last. Experience has demonstrated that wear increases with speed; therefore true economy results from increasing the load and diminishing the speed. For a working load, one-fifth of the ultimate strength of the rope is usually considered safe, although this is not recommended for all cases, as very frec^uently a greater safety factor is required. Wire rope must not be coiled or uncoiled like a hemp rope. When not on a reel, roll on the groimd like a wheel or hoop to prevent kinking or untwisting. For the transmission of power the sheaves should be lined with leather or rubber, or both, which increases adhesion and prevents wear. Safety and Economy To ensure against accidents, the ordinary precautions should be taken to frequently examine wire rope and install a new one before the old is worn to the danger point. No type of rope should be used unsuitable for the work. We advise the use of rope of high grade steel, viz., our Hercules, for the reason that it gives great strength and durability, and in obtaining the strength desired in the rope a smaller diameter rope can be used and thereby the dead weight of the rope itself is reduced. The best results are secured from a rope made of the best obtainable material, as rope made from low grades or cheap material is far more expensive in the end. Every wire which enters into the manufacture of a Leschen rope is carefully tested as to torsions and tensile strength, and all wires not up to the required standard are rejected. These tests are filed for reference. Lubrication A few observations upon the internal and external lubrication of wire rope as a means of reducing the friction of the wires upon each other and preventing corrosion, which has so detrimental an effect upon the nature of various steels. We find that by using graphite, suitably prepared, we have secured a most satisfactory composition, which acts both as a lubricant (by materially reducing the internal friction of the A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY wires on each other) and also as a preventive against corrosion ; and it is so applied to the rope in the course of manufacture that it reaches the inner parts and interstices of the rope and renders the various wires impervious to the deleterious effect of bad water, steam or other damaging matters found in the working of mines, etc. It also insures greater flexibility, which is shown by the following experimental test : An unlubricated rope stood 16,000 right angle bends before fracture commenced, whereas a sample of the same make of rope when lubricated stood 38,000 bends before showing fracture. An excellent preservative for wire rope is a compound of our own production which is the result of considerable experience with wire rope lubricants and pre- servatives. See page 81. How to Order Wire Rope If possible, state your requirements by writing to the nearest branch or agency, or to the home office, in order that recommendation may be made covering the use of a rope best suited to your needs. Years of experience and years of study of varying conditions of service make it possible for us to be of use in this connection. Measurements The diameter of a wire rope is expressed by a diameter of a circle which enclose it. Thus, in using a caliper rule, be careful to avoid measuring across two strands side by side ; measure rather from the top of any one strand to the top of the opposite strand, which will result in the true diameter. This is most important, as otherwise wheels or sheaves which might be ordered at the same time would be found too small to carry the rope, as the diam- eter would be inaccurate throuofh false measurement. will Construction The many purposes for which wire rope must be constructed, each having its peculiar working conditions, demand a considerable number of different lays of strands and twists of wires of a great variety of size, number and material. Wire ropes are usually made with hemp center, the hemp forming a cushion around which are laid the strands, and which is quite essential to pliability, though ropes with wire center have their uses. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Our description following is confined to a general explanation of our patent FLATTENED STRAND coustruction, the Rouud vStrand, Lang's Lay, and their differences. Patent Flattened Strand Patent flattened strand wire rope has its name from the shape of the strands of its construction in contradistinction to those of the Round Strand type of rope. For reasons quite simple and very practical it is often operated with economy under con- ditions where no other construction of wire rope can work successfully. Comparative wearing surface between Round and patent flattened strand "Wire Rope. Round Strand Flattened Strand The greatest advantage obtained in the flattened strand wire rope is the wearing or contact surface of each strand, which instead of being one external wire in the periphery is at least six. This means that through the full length of rope the wear comes upon this broader surface composed of several wires. The wear is consequently lessened upon any one individual wire, the tendency to brittleness is minimized, the necessity of the use of heavier wire eliminated, all of which results in extreme flexi- bility, less liability to crushing, frequent in other types of construction, and, owing to the resulting lighter wear, so large a margin between working load and breaking strain need not be considered. The wearing surface is approximately 150 per cent, greater than that of Round Strand rope. These are illustrations of Patent Flattened Strand rope. The first is from a photograph of new rope, the second after long continued use A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Another quite important feature of this type of rope is that the interstices between the strands being lessened, a greater number of wires are used, resulting in greater strength for the same diameter than that of Round Strand. A peculiarity of patent flattened strand rope is that it is quite free from a tendency to spin or kink, and owing to its remarkably smooth wearing surface, saves wear on pulleys, sheaves and druins. It is made from Hercules quality of steel, Special steel, crucible cast steel and Swedes iron. Price lists and data, pages 50 to 55. Round Strand Leschen's Round Strand Wire Rope is composed, like all other round strand rope, of a given number of wires twisted into strands, the wires running reversely of the lay of the strands, which are then laid around a hemp center. This results in a somewhat corrugated wearing surface due to the interstices between the strands. These strands usually consist of 6, which are in turn composed of 7, 9, 12 or 19 wires each, resulting in a finished rope from 42, 54, 72 or 114 wires. Rope of 6 strands with 19 wires in each strand is the type commonly used in the round strand construction for hoisting purposes. Rope made with 7 wires to the strand is used largely for haulage purposes in mines and on inclines and also for the transmission of power. Seven-wire rope, when made of galvanized wire, is used for guys, ships' rigging, etc. Rope with 12 wires to the strand is sometimes used for haulage purposes and when made in galvanized rope it is used for guys and for ships" rigging. We make the round strand rope in our Hercules quality of steel, also in Special steel, crucible steel and plow steel, Swedes iron and galvanized iron, dependent upon the purpose for which it is intended. Price lists and data, pages 56 to 68. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Land's Lay The term " Lang-'s Lay" is given to a rope so constructed that the wires of each strand and the strands themselves all lay in the same direction; whereas, in ordinary constructions the wires in the strands are laid in one direction, and the strands composing the rope are laid in the other. This " Lang's Lay" method of construction should be used where rope is liable to be subjected to pressure and crushing force which results in a greater wear in the interior of the rope, due to the wires and strands crossing each other, than if the}' are laid in this Lang's method of construction. r.ANr,- Ok ]) 1 X A K ^ I, \ ^ Quality — Materials Used Successful wire rope manufacture must include a sufficiently wide range of qualities of material with the aid of a variety of constructions to be properly adapted to the peculiarities of almost innumerable uses. In classifying them here under general heads it is not with the intent of providing a guide to the wire rope user by which he can select a rope best fitted for his use. This would be a wholly imprac- ticable undertaking, as certain working conditions require a certain grade and con- struction of wire rope, and it is only froin a knowledge of what is required that the proper wire rope can be determined upon. The purpose to always have the right rope in the right place has led us to study conditions, and if unusual, to then design a rope to fit them. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Hercules Wire Rope > rr.nlr mark le-islL-red The drawing of steel wire of sufficiently high tensile strength to successfully withstand extra heavy duty developed in many phases of wire rope usage, often results in failure to secure the indispensable factors of toughness, pliability and elasticity, and herein lies the chief causes of the failure of many ropes. Inability to bend them easily and continually over small sheaves and drums without fracture makes most ropes of high tensile strength expensive under severe usage. Another great fault is brittleness where toughness should have been obtained. It was by a special patented tempering process that the superlative features of HERCULES steel — great strength, toughness, pliability, elasticity and uniformity — were combined to make possible the very successful HERCULES wire rope. For work of an extraordinary nature, for exceptionally heavy loads, or where small sheaves are unavoidable, for conditions where life depends upon the strength of a single rope, we unqualifiedly recommend rope made from that unique grade of patent process steel to which we have given the trade name HERCULES. No matter what its type of construction, which varies, as do its uses, HERCULES rope is the only steel rope uniform in density, texture, elasticity, elongation and strength. It is essentially a safe rope. It is the best that can be bought at any price, and because of its dependa- bility it is the cheapest made for those uses for which we recommend it. Hercules wire rope is a trade-marked rope and in order to designate the finished product so that all may recognize it, all HERCULES wire rope, whether flattened strand or round strand, is made with one colored strand. For nearly a quarter of a century no condition of service has developed which has been found too severe for this rope. It is flexible, easily handled, not easily abrased, and more adapted to sudden and great strains than any other wire rope in the world. Price lists and data, pages 50, 51, 56 and 57. A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Special Steel (Trade mark registered) Our Special Steel wire rope, as its name implies, is made from a special grade of steel combining high tensile strength with flexibility and toughness. These, with many other properties, make it suitable for rough and heavy duty. The satisfactory results obtained from the use of our Special Steel wire rope have warranted us in securing a trade-mark to protect consumers against inferior grades. Price lists and data, pages 53 and 59. Crucible Steel Crucible cast steel wire ropes are standard for ordinary work, being of a moderately high tensile strength and quite flexible. They are used for mine haulage, transmission of power, and for varied uses where there are no unusual conditions to overcome and excessive strains to be encountered. Price lists and data, pages 54 and 60, Plow Steel Plow steel wire rope gets its name from a quality of steel originally used in steam plowing, a class of duty requiring a rope able to drag over sharp stones, stumps and rough ground without abrasion. The tensile strength developed in plow steel wire rope is high and this rope is successfully used where heavy work is performed under conditions where siifficiently large drums and sheaves are practicable. Price lists and data, page 61, Swedes Iron Iron ropes are much more pliable, are softer and of a lower tensile strength than steel. They are used principally on elevators, and sometimes in transmission of power, and also for many other uses where the work is not severe and where a greater pliability than steel rope possesses is necessary. Substituting iron rope for steel, however, is never satisfactory, and the manufacturers should be consulted with regard to the advisability of its employment in other than its well known uses. We make them of the highest grade Swedes iron in both our patent flattened strand and Round Strand constructions suitable for all iron rope purposes. Our Swedes iron PATENT FLATTENED STRAND Topc is au ideal clcvator rope giving long life and excel- lent results. Price lists and data, pages 55 and 62. 13 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Tiller Tiller rope, being made of a large number of small fine wires, is the most pliable wire rope manufactured. Its use is restricted to conditions where the strain is light and very small sheaves are necessary. It is chiefly used on elevators as a hand rope and as a steering rope on river steamboats. Price lists and data, page 63. Galvanized Rope For protection against the action of salt air, moisture and like elements, the wires in the ropes are frequently galvanized, as for guys, suspension bridge cables, hawsers and ships' rigging. It is not, however, advisable to use a galvanized rope as running- rope, or to pass over drums or sheave wheels, except when power is transmitted by means of our galvanized rope of special construction as shown on page 65. In addition to the galvanized iron and steel ropes herein listed, we galvanize ropes of any quality or construction of steel whenever required. The process of galvanizing which we use insures a coating of zinc equal to every necessity. Price lists and data, page 64. Galvanized Strand For guying of every sort within certain limits the cheapest and most effective support is galvanized strand. Strand is simply seven steel wires twisted together, properly galvanized for proof against rust and corrosion, and is used in enormous quantities by electric light, telephone and street railway companies. It is made in sizes from /g inch to Yi inch. Price lists and data, page 63. 14 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Aerial Wire Rope Tramways HE advantages of transporting material by means of aerial wire rope tramways have been fully demonstrated in the large number of equip- ments now in operation, and the increasing demand is a manifestation of their usefulness and economy. The successful operation of many a mine is dependent upon the feasibility and low cost of carrying its ores, all of which can be accomplished by the use of aerial tramways, and thereby justify the development of the mine. The field of utility of aerial wire rope tramways is however not confined to the transportation of ores alone, but on the contrary, coal, sand, rock, grain, lumber, etc., is just as economically carried. While it is generally understood that aerial wire rope tramways are used in mountainous sections where railroad construction is too costly or impracticable, it must also be understood that they are just as efficient over a level or moderately level country. The towers w^iich support the tramway are usually located at wide intervals, so that the intervening ground is free for cultivation or other uses. A right of way can thus be more easily secured and most frequently at less cost than that required for railroad construction. AVire rope tramways can be operated independent of the elements such as rain, sleet or snow. Realizing the vast field of the utility of aerial wire rope tramways, and the fact that every proposition has specific requirements and conditions to be over- come, we have perfected a number of distinct systems. The result is that we are not limited to one type whether it is adaptable or not, but are prepared to supply one of our various systems best suited for the requirements and conditions. The determination of the most suitable system for a proposition is made only after we are familiar in detail with the requirements and the contour of the ground. All such recommendations are made by our engineers and are based on the results of our long and successful experience in tramway construction. In the following pages we will treat of the various systems w^hich we build. To parties who are interested and desire to obtain the best results from their expenditure, we wall cheerfully give the addresses of the users of the Leschen Company's systems of tramways. We are prepared to promptly furnish preliminary estimates on any of the systems which we build, upon receipt of the necessary data. For final estimate an accurate profile of the ground is necessary. i6 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY LESCHEN COMI-AXY'S PATENT A I T O M A i I r T K V M U V N , SIXTEEN MILES LONG Built for the Penn-\Vyc,min,«: Copper Company, Encampment, Wyoming Leschen Company's Patent Automatic Aerial Wire Rope Tramway SHE Leschen Company's Patent Automatic Wire Rope Tramway is an improved system of the double rope type in which the carriers travel upon stationary track cables and are propelled or controlled by an endless traction rope. The operation is automatic, thereby minimizing- the labor required in transporting- the material and also insuring a large carrying capacity within a given time. The length to which our automatic systems can be built and economically operated is practically without limit, varying from a few hundred feet to any length as has been demonstrated by our Automatic Tramway, built at Encamp- ment, Wvoming, sixteen miles in length. It is customary in practice to divide a long tramway into several sections, depending upon various conditions, such as length, capacity, gradients, etc. The cables or wire ropes used are supported by towers, built usually of wood although frequentlv steel construction is used. The number, heights, and their spacing T7 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY depends principally upon the profile of the ground. It is our practice to place them 250 to 300 feet apart on level stretches, but where conditions demand it they can be placed at intervals of from 2,000 to 3,000 feet, if necessary. The track cables rest on long- bearing saddles on the top of the towers, and the traction rope is supported by guide sheaves or rollers placed below the saddles. The sheaves are made from cast steel and are provided with brass bushings and oil cups. The rollers, when used, are of the sectional type having a hard iron wearing ring, which, when worn, may be replaced at nominal cost. The construction of our cast steel tower sheave is such as to accommodate the shape of the clip used on the traction rope, so that this cable rests in the groove of the sheave whether a bucket is passing over a tower or not. This feature is fully taken advantage of in designing our Automatic Tramways, by the use of sheaves on all towers where cables are liable to be subjected to undue tension, due to the raising of the cable by the bucket, while passing over a tower. On towers where no additional tension is devel- oped, such as over level ground or uniform gradient, rollers are used instead of sheaves. The carriers or buckets are attached to the traction rope by means of clips spaced according to the desired tonnage. The clip is of flat construction with a button-shaped end, and is attached to the traction cable by two encircling bands tightened by two wedges. In this way the hold on the rope is positive and it is absolutely impossible for the carriers to slip on the line no matter what the grade or load may be, and the uncertainty of de- pending on friction or compression is entirely avoided. The clip, however, is easily removable and may therefore be respaced at intervals so as to distribute the wear evenly around the cable. The type of carrier used on the Leschen Company's Automatic Tramway is usually a bucket of either 6>4 or lo cubic feet capacity, although this size is frequently altered to suit requirements. The bucket rests in a strongly braced frame, which is in turn attached to a carriage consisting of a cast steel yoke and two cast steel sheaves for traveling over the track cables. This arrangement allows free movement, permitting the bucket and frame to hang perpendicular irrespective of the grade. All sheaves on the carriage are fitted with brass bushings and malleable iron cups for oiling the journals. The bucket is held in its normal position in the frame by two malleable iron latches, one on each side. A tripping bar engages these latches at the unloading terminal when the bucket discharges its material. This operation is automatic and takes place while the carriers are moving, although it is possible in this system to standard Bucket iS A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY arrange to detach the carriers for unloading, if desired. The buckets return in their discharged position while traveling to the loading terminal, thereby preventing rain or snow from collecting in them. At the loading terminal the bucket is returned to its normal position and again latched, all automatically, by means of a curved or righting bar. The malleable iron housing to which the bucket clip is engaged is snow-proof and is attached to the bucket frame. The clip is held in the housing by two malleable iron pawls which are controlled by a malleable iron sliding frame. When a carrier Leschen CoMi'Axv's Patent Automatic Tram\va\ Built for Chicago Portland Cement Companj-, Oglesby, Illinois is in transit the clip is locked between the two pawls, but upon reaching a terminal one pawl is moved back, allowing the clip to pass out of the housing, thereby detaching the bucket from the clip. In a similar manner the carriers are attached to the clips, after which the two pawls are locked by the sliding frame to prevent them from opening. The entire operation is automatic, requiring no attention what- soever. The clip is not held rigidly in the housing, but has sufficient play under all circumstances. For the transportation of lumber, bales, light merchandise, logs, water and similar material, special carriers are provided. 19 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Tension or anchor stations are used on tramways over one mile in length, at which stations the track ropes are parted, one section being attached to a take-up device, while the other is anchored in the ground. An overhead rail connects both of the sections of cable, so that the travel of the carrier is not interrupted but continues past the tension station. The traction rope is guided by sheaves. Both terminal stations of the Leschen Company's Patent Automatic System are provided with a sheave wheel usually ten feet in diameter, around which the traction rope passes. In the periphery of the sheave at the driving or controlling terminal is placed a series of cast steel grips for securing the necessary control of the traction rope. The grips engage the rope from the outside and in such a manner as not to injure it in any way. Brake rings are used when necessary and are bolted to the arms of the terminal wheel, so that applying a brake stops the traction rope and therefore the entire tramway. The brakes are operated by levers so located that a single atten- dant can control the tramway and can also load the carriers from the chute of the bin, when the loading terminal is also the controlling terminal. Built for Ballou's White Sand Company, Millington, Illinois A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY L E S C H E N C O M P A N V ' S PATENT SPECIAL AUTOMATIC TRAMWAY Built for Bingham-Xew Haven Copper and Gold ilining- Company, Bingham, Utah The wheel on the opposite terminal is mounted on trucks and attached to a tension device so as to provide a uniform tension in the traction cable. The track ropes, upon entering one of the terminals, are anchored in the ground, while at the opposite terminal they are attached to a tension take-up device for maintaining uniform tension in the cable. Over-head rail connects both standing cables, allowing the carriers to travel over this rail from one track cable to the other. All carriers are automatically detached at the loading terminal, and by means of a patent lever device, the speed of all incoming carriers after being detached is gradually retarded and finally placed in a position of rest at the loading point. In like manner and by means of a similar device, each carrier receives an acceler- ation to the speed of travel of the traction rope before it is attached to the clip. The object of retarding and accelerating is to avoid all jars or jerks in attaching or detaching the carriers, and this we have entirely eliminated, with the result that the life of the machinery and cable is considerably increased. As previously stated, the carriers are automatically discharged at the unloading terminal without detaching them, although this can be done if desired in a similar manner as at the loading terminal. The carriers for return freight and material can be detached for loadinsf if desired. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY A decided advantage possessed by our Patent Automatic System is that the car- riers, unlike those in all other double rope systems, pass entirely around the terminals over the rail while attached to the traction rope. The necessity of moving them around the terminals by hand in order to clear the sheave wheels is thus avoided. Furthermore, it is not necessary to remove. the buckets from the line to load or unload. The amount of labor thus saved, especially where wages are high, is enormous, and the saving will in a very short period pay for the entire equipment. Whenever desired, intermediate loading or unloading stations can be provided at practically any point along the line. When the loaded carriers travel down grade and the difference in elevation is sufficient, the tramway will operate by the force due to gravity. If this is not the case, power is applied l^y means of bevel gearing attached to the terminal shaft and operated by an engine, motor, or other sources of power. We furnish special scales for automatically indicating the weight of the material transported, and also counters for keeping a record of the number of buckets carried daily. Loading Terminal, L e s c h e n Company's Patent Special Automatic Tramway Biiilt for Taylor Mountain Mining Company, Garfield, Colorado A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Leschen Company's Patent Special Automatic Aerial Wire Rope Tramway ERY frequently in an aerial wire rope tramway it is not necessary to detach the carriers at the loading terminal, provided the material to be transported is such that it will flow readily through a chute. When these conditions exist our Patent Special Automatic Wire Rope Tramway can be used to advantage for the economical transportation of the material. The system is similar to our standard automatic type, with the exception that the carriers remain permanently attached to the traction rope and are loaded while moving by means of a traveling mechanical loader. The clip on the traction rope is positively attached to the carrier frame, which avoids any possibility of the carrier slipping on the steepest gradient. No delicate .1^^ J A .N I>A K 1) To WE K adjustment of grips or compression parts is necessary. The mechanical loader is loaded from the ore bin. See illustration on opposite page. The carrier, upon reaching the loader, starts the latter in motion until it attains the speed of the carrier, when both travel together ; in the meantime the gate of the loader raises, discharging the ore into the bucket of the carrier. The loader is then released and returns on an incline rail to the loading position, its return being checkec' by an air cylinder. A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY By placing the mechanical loader or the bucket tripping device on movable carriages, the material can be drawn from or discharged into several bins when the latter are located in line with the tramway. The unloading terminal is the same as that of our Patent Automatic Tramway. Whenever return freight, such as supplies, is to be carried to the loading point, special carriers are provided, which can be attached or detached at either terminal for loading or unloading. Whenever angles or curves are encountered in the horizontal plane, our Special Automatic Tramway having an angle rope clip can be used to advantage. The clip is so constructed as to permit the carrier to travel around the curve without interference or attention. L E S C H E N v_ . . >i . \ N 1 ~ I V I ] A 1 .^ 1 r. i_ 1 A 1. A L T < I M A 1 I i_ i i^ ^ Built for Hudson Iron Company, Fort Montgomery, New York 24 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Leschen Company's Friction Grip Aerial Wire Rope Tramway [HE Leschen Company's Friction Grip Aerial Wire Rope Tramway is of the double rope type to which the carriers are attached to the traction cable by means of a friction or compression grip. The towers are supported and located similar to those of our Patent Automatic System while the traction cable is supported entirely on guide rollers. The carriers are generally 6% cubic feet in capacity, although the size varies with the tonnage and the bulk of the material to be transported. Each carrier is fitted with cast steel sheave wheels which run on the track cables, each wheel being provided with brass bushings and malleable iron oil cups. The friction grip is mounted in a frame on the carrier in such a way that the entire grip is free to revolve and will follow the angle of the traction cable irrespective of its inclination. The construction of the grip provides a powerful toggle arrangement, securing a perfect hold on the traction cable and avoiding slippage. By means of an adjusting device, the wear in the jaws of the grip and cable is taken care of. The bucket proper is suspended in a frame and latched to the latter. When it is desired to dump the bucket the latch is raised, allowing the attendant to revolve the bucket and dis- charge the material. Special forms of carriers are furnished when timber, logs, grain, water, barrels or merchandise are to be carried. The construction of both terminals is sim- ilar, each consisting of overhead rail around which the buckets travel. The traction rope is passed around a series of sheaves at the control- ling end, to which brakes are attached if it is a gravity proposition, and bevel gearing when it is a power proposition. The traction rope passes around a single sheave wheel at the opposite terminal, this sheave being mounted on a tension slide and attached to a weight box for maintaining a uniform tension in the rope. As a carrier enters either terminal it is autoinatically detached from the cable, and by means of a similar device the buckets are mechanically attached after the operator moves same to the attaching point. Standard Bucket 25 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY This system is recommended whenever it is necessary to detach the carriers at both terminals in order to collect or discharge material at a number of places, and which is very frequently the case in industrial plants. Whenever the number of loading and discharging points is limited, we would in that event recommend either our Patent Automatic or Special Automatic System, owing to the labor saving features which they possess. Leschen Company's Single Line Tramway The Leschen Company's Single Line Tramway consists of an endless wire rope to which buckets are attached. The cable is supported at intervals of 200 feet and upward by means of towers having chilled grooved sheaves over which the cable operates. These sheaves are provided with phosphor bronze bushings, requiring no oil. The size of the buckets is small compared with the double rope systems, and will average about 2)2 cubic feet, although other sizes are sometimes used. The usual construction in our system is to use a revolving type of bucket which is automatically dumped at the discharging point, while at the loading point the ore is automatically loaded into the bucket by means of a mechanical loader. This loader, while traveling with the bucket for a short distance, discharges the material into the latter, when it is released and returns to its initial position. The style of clip used on the bucket is one which is inserted in the center of the cable in such a way as to make the connection positive, while to the end of the clip is fastened the bucket hanger. Special carriers can be furnished for the transportation of any class of material, in which case they are designed to accommodate the material to be carried. The terminal stations are similar, one of them consisting of a grip wheel around which the rope passes, while the other terminal consists of a plain sheave wheel mounted on a tension carriage attached to a weight box for providing a uniform tension in the cable. When it is a gravity proposition, brakes are used in connection with the grip wheel, while if it is a power proposition, a bevel gear is attached to the terminal sheave. This style of tramway is economical for capacities not exceeding 6 tons per hour, and where the conditions are favorable. A double rope tramway is recommended in pref- erence to single-line equipments in all cases, but frequently it is desired to keep down the initial cost of the equipment, and for cases of this kind a single line tramway can be used to advantagfe. 26 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Leschen Company's Two-Bucket Tramway Where the capacity is moderate and the length of line not too great, a two-bucket tramway ma)^ often be economically used. This system consists of two parallel cables, upon each of which a carrier operates. The carriers are attached to a traction or pulling rope, the latter passing around a series of sheaves at one end, to which the brakes are attached in a gravity proposition, or driving pulleys when power is required. In most cases it is advisable to use an endless traction rope for this purpose, passing the opposite end around a single sheave wheel, which will pro- duce a more uniform operation and will give better results. In the operation of this system the loaded carrier travels on one cable, and at the same time the empty carrier returns on the second one. This operation is then reversed. The buckets orcarriers are generally lo cubic feet in capacity, and are of the automatic dis- charging type, so arranged that one man is all that is necessary to look after the entire operation. The cables are supported by intermediate towers which are spaced according to the profile of the ground. An incline is not essential to a line of this type, for when using an endless traction rope the buckets can be operated by means of power whenever necessary. Bullt for victor Fuel company, Hastings, Col. Leschen Company's Single Carrier Line Where the conditions under which a line is installed render power necessary on account of insufficient incline, a single carrier will often give the required service for a limited capacity. This carrier is operated backward and forward on one track cable by means of an endless rope which is connected to a driving drum or a series of sheaves for obtaining the necessary friction for operating the ropes. 27 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Wire Rope for Tramways iE invariably recommend our patent flattened strand wire rope for the track or standing cables, and the traction or running rope on wire rope tramways. The general construction of this rope is such as to expose to wear several wires in each strand instead of only one wire, which is the case in the Round Strand construction. The wear is conse- quently less on any one wire, thereby increasing the life of the cable. This feature is shown in the views by the large number of wires which come in contact with the circle drawn around the rope. Owing to the large bearing between the strands in this construction of rope, they are less liable to the crushing action which occurs on the tower saddles. The amount of metal in the cross section of the patent flattened strand wire rope is far greater than in ropes of ordinary construction, making the rope considerably stronger for the same diameter. Patent flattened strand wire ropes will not kink or spin, and after they are in use they will wear as smooth and round as a rod, saving wear on trolley wheels and sheaves. This rope is made in long lengths when necessary, thus doing away with patent couplings and splices, which are very expensive and never as safe as a continiious length of rope. Rope of ordinary or Lang's Lay, Round Strand construction, may be used for the track cable or the traction rope, or for both, if so desired. It, however, will not give the satisfaction and service that the patent flattened strand wire rope will, and the wear produced on the trolley wheels and sheaves is quite an item, which should be well considered before deciding upon the construction of rope desired. mm XX^ Cross Sections Patent Flattened Strand Wire Rope ^ Cross Sections Ordinary Round Strand Wire Rt>pe A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Wire Rope Haulage IRE rope haulage is an important factor in the different arrangements of mine transportation owing to its adaptability to the various conditions which are met with in mines, and a haulage system must be of low initial cost for installation and with a low cost for its maintenance, and at the same time the material used in its construction must be of the best obtain- able and with a workmanship strictly first-class in every particular. All of this is exacth^ what we supply in our equipments, and added to this is the fact that from our long experience in the manufacture of wire ropes we are able to produce and supply ropes to suit each individual plant so as to give the very best service under the existing conditions of the mine. Inclined Planes Roadways operating by means of wire ropes and having inclinations varying from five to fifty per cent., maybe properly termed inclined planes, although there is no fixed limit of the gradients which shall determine the application of this term. Grades may be variable and the tracks may be curved provided the inclination is sufficient to allow the cars to descend by gravity, and at the same time to draw the rope with them. The two classes of inclined planes are known as "gravity or self-acting planes," and "engine or power planes." Gravity Planes Where material is to be transported from a higher to a lower level, gravity planes are the most efficient means that can be employed. Wire ropes attached to drums at the head of the plane and alternately winding and unwinding, permit the loaded cars to be lowered while the empty cars are raised. The head drums are pro- vided with brakes to control the speed of the cars and are of various designs. The general design of these drums is deter- mined by the required duty and the size and styles of ropes. They may be placed under the tracks or in over- head frames. 29 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Two comparatively narrow drums, instead of a single wide one, may be ke3"ed to the same shaft. If it is desirable to have both ropes run over or under at the same time, then two drums are mounted on separate shafts which are connected by spur gears. For light loads a head gear consisting of three sheaves can be used. Two of these sheaves, each provided with brakes and having filled rims, are placed vertically beneath the tracks. The other sheave having, a plain turned rim is also placed in a vertical position in front of and tangent to the rope circumference of the two lined sheaves. For long planes and heavy duty it is best to use two narrow grooved drums mounted tandem and horizontally on a rigid frame, each drum having brakes and brake connections attached to the same frame. To prevent abrasion of ropes on the ties and to overcome friction, wooden rollers having steel spindles should be placed at frequent intervals along the track, steeper planes requiring fewer rollers than those having easier grades. Engine Plane A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Engine Planes The single-track engine plane requires a single drum driven by a non-reversing engine and rope of sufficient length to reach from the drums to the foot of the plane. The drum is fitted either with friction or jaw clutch and a powerful brake to control the speed of the descending cars. The single-track en- gine plane is particularly applicable in mines where several side entries are located at various levels below the surface. In such cases the descending train may be stopped at each side entry to put empty cars on same, and when ascending the loaded cars can be taken consecu- tively from the several entries. Where such con- ditions exist it will gener- ally be found economical to have a side track, located on each side entry near the main slope. For large tonnage, double-engine planes are preferable ; they require two tracks, or else they can be laid with three rails hav- ing a turnout at the center and double drum reversible engines and ropes of double the length of the distance from the drums to the foot of the plane. 31 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY The Tail-Rope System No method of wire rope haulage is as widely applied as the tail-rope system, owing to the great variety of conditions under which it may be operated. It will operate successfully regardless of varying grades, number of curves on line, and number of branch lines. The cost of maintenance is small ; its installation requires practically no changes in the roadways where animal power has been employed or where other systems are discarded. It requires less track and fewer cars than other systems for an equal output, is easily controlled, positive in action and self-contained, and is of especial value where A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY one road only can be utilized for haulage purposes. It may be used on a main road only, and when desirable branch lines may be operated in all parts of the mine. The principal requirements are a good single track road, a double drum engine and wire ropes of proper length, size and construction, together with the necessary terminal, carrying and curve sheaves and rollers. In this system the haulage of the loaded cars is effected by the haulage or main rope, which is equal in length to the distance from the drums to the inner terminus of the road. The empty cars are returned into the mine by a separate and frequently lighter rope, which is termed the tail rope and which is twice the length of the main rope. The drums and their engines should be located at some convenient point, prefer- ably near the tipple or other loading point. The tail rope is led from its drum over carrying sheaves placed along the side or top of the haulage way to the tail sheave, and thence to the center of the track where it is attached to the inner end of the train by suitable couplings, the main rope being- attached to forward end of the train in like manner. Both ropes run along center of track alternately and should be supported by wooden rollers placed at frequent inter- vals. At points where there is considerable strain and wear, iron rollers may be used to better advantaee. Speed of 700 to 1,100 feet per minute is usual on straight tracks, but in going around curves the speed should be reduced to insure safety. 33 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY When branch lines are to be operated, each side entry or branch road is provided with a separate rope twice as long as the road, a tail sheave, rollers, wall sheaves and horizontal deflection sheaves. The ends of these side ropes are provided with suitable couplings whereby they may be connected to the ropes on the main line. ^^^Sn^^^^^^^^' ■^^^^^S^^^i^^^^s:^^^^;^^^^^^^^ In shaft mines the tail-rope system can be applied to bring loads to the foot of the shaft. In such cases the haulage engines may be placed near the foot of the shaft, but whenever practicable they should be placed on the surface. To properly equip a line on this system it is essential to know the various grades and the curves of the roadways, the total length of the main line and each branch line, the weight and capacity of the cars, and the required output per day. The Endless-Rope System In the endless-rope system the driving drum is usually geared to a pair of engines which are supplied with a fly-wheel and governor. The idler drum is also mounted on the same bed plate with the driving drum and engines. In some instances both drums are geared to and driven by the engines. To prevent undue stresses on ropes and engines developed by unequal wearing of the drum grooves, differential rings are used. These are independent steel rings in each of which a groove is turned and which are loosely confined between the flanges of 34 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY the drum. The rope is passed around the drums a number of times without entirely encircling either, the number of half laps being proportional to the amount of frictional adhesion which is necessary to drive the rope without allowing it to slip in the grooves when running with full load. To keep the rope at the proper tension and to overcome elongation, a sheave mounted on a movable truck and having suitable weights attached is employed. The tension should be sufficient to allow the driving to be done with as few laps of the rope on the drums as possible, and at the same time to allow enough slack to permit cars to pass around curves without an undue amount of lateral pressure. The cars are attached to the rope singly or in trains by means of grips or grip cars. This system to be used most effectively requires a double track, loaded cars coming out over one track and the empties returning over the other. The system may also be used to handle single trains over single tracks, the trains being attached to the rope by heavy grips, grip cars or link sockets on the rope, but the direction of motion of rope must be reversed each trip; in fact, this method is simply a modification of the tail-rope system. One of the great advantages of the endless-rope system is that the cars can be run at a moderate speed, and under suitable conditions large outputs can be handled. The best results may be obtained by applying the system to roads having fairly uniform grades which are all in one direction. This applies especially to instances where the cars cannot be spaced at regular intervals, a condition hard to attain unless the cars are run in trains. ExDLEss Rope Haulage 35 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Cableways iIRE rope cableways of different designs for hoisting and conveying a large variety of material are used to great advantage in many situations. In construction work, such as building of dams, locks, sewers, etc., and in coaling of vessels at sea, the cableways are portable or of but temporary erection, whereas, in many manufacturing plants, loading docks, quarries, sand pits, etc., they are a permanent and indispensable equipment. The longevity and safety of a wire rope cableway is largely dependent on the dura- bilit}' of its track or supporting cable. From this cable are suspended the loads it carries and over which run the wheels of the traveler or carrving device. The smooth C A B L E w A V Used in r i i e B u i l d i x g of Dam A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY C A li L li \v A ■s' H A N 1 1 1. 1 N (; Logs round bearing of our patent flattened strand wire rope presents to the wheels of the carrier a wearing surface very much like a round steel rod and in which each exterior wire is equally exposed to frictional wear. Likewise in this construction the track rope will not flatten under excessive loads nor can there be undue internal friction between the wires. The absolutel}' correct construction of our patent flattened strand wire rope has caused it to be used very extensively as cableway track ropes, and in which service it carries greater loads very much longer than the old round strand type of wire rope, and with a consequent economy of operation. We make it for this purpose in six strands of twenty-five wires each (6x25), and of the high grade Hercules steel suitable to the weight and frequency of the loads it will be required to carry. For the hoisting and hauling ropes and all other ropes used on cableways, we recommend our 6x19 Hercules wire rope. 37 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Tamarack, No. 2 Siiaki Wilms Coai. Minixc; C'o.Mr\x\, X < > . (i Sn\i i A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Mining ; RINGING ores to the surface economically is a problem of ever}- minino- operation. Most of them use wire rope in their hoisting or haulage or inclines, and this work can be done neither as cheaply nor safely as it should be if the rope is not equal to its task. The vast amount of rope employed in this very important service, and the difficulties encountered by many operators experimenting with inferior and improperly constructed ropes, has given us cause to make these circumstances a particular study, and the results have been very gratifying. If we can know what is required of a wire rope and the details of the working conditions under which it must operate, its selection may safely be left with us. A wide and varied experience in the manufacture of mining ropes and close observation of their operation has taught us how they should be constructed and of what material, and we have them working successfully under every condition, handling mine products of every kind in every mining district of the country. In long mine haulage, where there are many idlers, rollers, etc., and numbers of bends and sharp angles, the patknt fl.a.ttf.xf.i) strand construction, coarse laid, with its increased wearing surface and greater tiexibility, will usually outwear two or three round strand ropes, even when of equally good material. This is likewise true of the PATENT FLATTENED STRAND coustruction in hoisting service where the rope, rapidly lifting its heavy loads, works constantly in the hoisting and guide sheaves, winding around the drums, and each external wire, taking an equal share of the wear, naturally and easily extends its serviceableness and preserves its dependability. A critical consideration of the wire rope feature of any ore handling equipment looking to the points of economy and general trustworthiness will make manifest the decided advantages of the patent flattened strand wire rope. In the manufacture of the round strand type of haulage and hoisting mine ropes the proper selection of material is of great necessity. We make them in the Hercules steel, Special steel and crucible steel, 6x19 for hoisting and 6x7 for haulage, and recommend them according to the severity of the work they will be called upon to do. 39 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Log Loader tl'J Wire Rope in Lo^^in^ 'RESENT day methods of logging vary according to the peculiar necessi- ties of each timber section and many different systems are successfully employed. Of the many ways used in getting logs out of the woods, there are cableway skidders of different types, pull boats, snaking machines, donkey engine haulage, and at the cars combination loaders and skidders and several different types of loading machines, and every one of them essentially wire rope systems. As a consequence the successful operation of any one of them cannot be accomplished unless the wire rope with which it is equipped is equal in every respect to the demands made upon it. Logging as a general rule, by whatever system it is done, subjects wire rope to enormous strains, sudden jerks, severe grinding around stumps, over sharp stones, etc., that make necessary a rope of exceptional dependability, and because of the frequent diiftculty in getting new ropes into the woods in cases of break down, and the consequent loss by suspended operations, this is especially true. The exceedingly high breaking strength of our Hercules logging rope together with its tough and flexible character has placed it far ahead of every rope used in logging, and as a logical result Hercules handles the great bulk of logs in every timber section of the United States, and with every logging 40 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY L O A D I N G Sk 1 DPI N G system now in use. In the greater number of cases Hercules 6x19 (six strand, nine- teen wires each) is used, though in some instances on loaders, saw mills, skidders, PATENJ- FLAT lENED STRAND Hcfcules is best adapted. It is well that we know the nature of the working conditions encountered that we may recommend the Hercules that will best and most cheaply do the work required of it. 41 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY 42 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Hercules Wire Rope (Trade mark registered) The illustrations on the opposite page show four of the most severe uses to which wire rope is commonly subjected, and in which service ordinary steel wire ropes prove inadequate, and for reasons at once apparent to those acquainted with the prevailing conditions. Dredges and Steam Shovels As far as the wire rope is concerned, the working conditions in dredge and steam shovel operations are quite similar. Probably there is no other class of service in which wire rope receives as severe treatment. Inasmuch as the strain on the hoisting rope cannot be anticipated, a rope of the highest possible tensile strength is a requisite. With this property must also be flexibility in an unusual degree, as several sharp and reversed bends over sheaves and drums are unavoidable. Hercules wire rope is remarkabh' well fitted for this duty, as its successful use has demonstrated. It is sup- plied in both the patent flattened strand and Round Strand constructions, which ever is best adapted to the requirements of the machine. Where the rope works in water, as in deep water dredging or drainage canal digging, we especially prepare it during course of construction with an internal filler, and coat the exterior with a shield, both of our own preparation. It is the "cheapest per yard" rope obtainable. The greater number of dredge and shovel operators use Hercules exclusively. Quarrying The handling of building stone, marble and granite in the average quarry is particularly severe on wire rope, as the lifting of the blocks is usually preceded by quick and hard jerks to begin their movement and the loads frecjuently are very heavy. For stone handling of every kind the hoisting rope which is invariably most economical is Hercules — tough, strong, safe and durable. Derricks The lifting of building material of every sort in construction work is more economically accomplished with the highest grade of wire rope — which is Hercules. In this service a rope of the highest breaking strength and greatest dependability is desirable, and this is particularly true where in the placing of material in position the safetv of the workmen must be considered. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Wire Ferry Ropes, Ferry Blocks and Travelers Wire rope in ferry service is much superior to hemp ropes and for many reasons. Being round and smaller, the sheaves of the block or traveler run more smoothly and rapidly, thus eliminating the sudden jerks caused by checking which is common with hemp rope. Where the rope is used in water it does not rot or become water-clogged and clumsy, as does hemp rope. The}' are cheaper than hemp rope of equal strength and properly installed will last for years. A hemp rope soaked with water will weigh more than four times as much as wire rope. The wire rope shown under the sheaves of the traveler in the illustration is the patent flattened strand construction, which in hard service is the best construction of wire rope obtainable. The duty of a ferry rope is of a similar nature to that of the track rope of a cableway or aerial tramway in which service patent flattened strand wire rope is so extensively used, and its larger, smoother wearing service obtains here the same satisfactory results. For ferry travelers and blocks of the designs illustrated, see price list, page 8i. 44 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Suspension Bridges and Bridge Cables We manufacture bridge cables in lengths required for different installations. These bridge cables are referred to in detail on page 65, and our prices for them are based upon the length and size required. We luake a specialty of all of the iron work required for the building of wire rope suspension bridges, and can furnish such material complete with the bridge cables. The cut shows our Ernst patent adjustable hanger rods for use on bridoe work. ♦ * 45 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Wire Rope Transmission The use of an endless wire rope, made especially for the purpose, running over sheaves instead of an ordinary belt and pulley, constitutes the transmission of power by wire rope. Power can by this method be transmitted in any desired direction — up or down hill, across rivers, around buildings or obstructions of any kind — and to any distance within the limit of two miles. The ropes hang free in the air and require no protection from the weather except an occasional coating of warm coal tar and linseed oil, which can be applied to the rope by pouring from a can into the groove of the sheave while running. Wire rope transmission can be applied with great profit and economy in every instance where the distance exceeds loo feet, and in many cases where the distance is as short as 50 feet. The main feature, however, is distance, and the further power is to be transmitted the better the results obtained under this system. When the dis- tance materially exceeds 300 or 400 feet, a rope transmission should be divided into two or more equal parts by means of one or more intermediate stations. The rope generally used is composed of six strands of seven wires each, as per cross-section on page 58; ropes with nineteen wires should be substituted where sheaves of ample diameter cannot be used on account of certain conditions of position or speed of shaft. The latter ropes are more flexible, but the wires are finer and will not withstand wear as well as the coarser wires of the seven-wire rope. If for any reason it is desirable to use smaller sheaves than those given in the table, the requisite power may be obtained by using hoisting rope of nineteen wires, illustrated on page 58, of a larger size than given in the table, instead of transmission ropes, because of its greater pliability. Thus a half-inch hoisting rope may be used over a three-foot wheel, and will transmit as much power as a 3,8-inch transmission rope over a four-foot wheel. On page 81 will also be found the proper diameter of sheaves to transmit a given amount of power. A satisfactory general rule for determining the proper relation of rope to sheaves is to make the diameter of the sheaves 150 times the diameter of the rope. The groove of the sheaves should be deep, with flaring flanges and lined with rubber. Special care should be taken that sheaves are well balanced, as the centrifu- gal force is great. They should be fitted true on the shaft, and the shaft set at right angles to the line of transmission. If the sheaves wabble and run out of line they will cause the rope to vibrate and jerk. In all cases see that the sheaves over which the rope runs are properly lined with an elastic substance — leather, hard rubber, wood or tarred rope, rubber preferred. This is imperative. 46 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Speed This is a very important element in transmitting- power, for our experience and observation have been that nearly every transmission that has proven a failure has been because speed was too high. Our best results on small sheaves have been obtained by running the rope at 1,200 to 1,600 feet per minute, and on large sheaves the speed can be kept down to good advantage and best results. At high speed the necessity that the sheaves be supported so they are solid and unyielding is all the greater, and this cannot be too strongly impressed in any case. The larger the wheels and the lower the velocity the longer will be the life of the rope. Tightening sheaves, guide sheaves, and all other unnecessary sheaves, should be avoided as much as possible, as each extra sheave adds to the wear of the rope. If extra friction is re- quired it should be obtained by the use of larger wheels or a little heavier rope of nineteen wires to the strand. In construction attention must be given to the following points: 1. Be sure the wheels are bored true and set true on the shaft. 2. Set the shafts exactly parallel. 3. Bring the wheels exactly in line. 4. Avoid the use of tapered keys. Full information and advice given upon application. Correspondence solicited. Table of transmission of power by wire ropes page 81. To Ascertain the Length of Rope to be Spliced Endless In most cases the rope can be spliced endless, and in such cases the rope can be forwarded spliced ready to go on. We can furnish rope ready spliced by giving us the exact distance from center to center of shaft and the exact diameter of the sheaves over which the rope is to run. This measure can be secured best by stretching a wire from shaft to shaft, marking the distance from center to center of shaft and carefully measuring the wire. In cases where the endless rope cannot be put on, the rope has to be placed around the sheaves, drawn taut by pulley blocks, and the splices made on the spot. See Fig. I in diagram of splices. The Necessary Tools for Splicing A hammer and a sharp cold chisel for cutting oif ends of strands; a steel point or marlin spike for opening strands; two pieces heavy tarred marlin or thin rope with sticks; a pocket knife for cutting the hemp core; a wooden mallet and block. 47 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Splices Fig. 1 The splices for running rope are all of the kind known as the long splice, and should be put in 20 feet long or longer. The diameter of the rope is not increased or diminished, or the strength of the rope perceptibly weakened by this splice, and after it has run for a day or two the locality of the splice cannot be detected by the most careful examination. We here give a diagram of splices fully illustrating the manner of splicing in all its stages from beginning to end, and by a little study of these illustrations and care- fully following the directions, any man of ordinary genius can make a successful splice on first trial. 4S A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Directions for Splicing Wire Rope with Lon^ Running Splices Wire rope is susceptible of the most perfect splicing. A smoother and better splice can be put in wire rope than in any other kind of rope, for the simple reason that it is made with a view to this purpose. It has the desired number of strands, namely, six, and a hemp core, which provides a place for fastening the ends. It is a plain, simple process, and but the work of an hour for any one to learn. First — Place the rope around the sheaves and heave it tight with block and fall. (See Fig. i.) The blocks should be hitched far enough apart so as to give room between to make a 20-foot splice. A small clamp may be used to prevent the lashing from slipping on the ropes where the blocks are hitched. (See Fig. i.) Next, see that the ropes overlap about 20 feet; about 10 feet each way from the center. Next, mark the center of both ropes with a piece of chalk, or by tying on a small string. Now proceed to splice, with the blocks remaining taut when it is necessary, but the better way is to remove the blocks, throw off the rope from the sheaves, let it hang loose on the shafts, and proceed with the splice on the ground or floor, or scaffold, as the case may be. Second — Unlay the strands of both ends of the rope for a distance of 10 feet each. Next cut off the hemp cores, then bring the bunches of strands together so that the opposite strands will interlock regularly with each other. (See Fig. 2.) Third — Unlay any strand, «, and follow up with one strand of the other end, laying it tightly in open groove made by unwinding a; make twist of the strand agree exactly with the twist of the open groove. Proceed with this until all but twelve inches of one are laid in, or till a has become ten feet long. Next, cut off a, leaving an end about twelve inches long. (See Fig. 3.) Fourth — Unlay a strand, 4, of the opposite end and follow with strand pposite page .See description page 9 For quality , see page 12 £ ^■ mate .Strain sof unds ible .Strain sof unds 0) 1^2 S I; O Telegraph "S-?, '~j rj J: ^S = u S ii ^ - .J. Name — u ?^ -" !-, p J- a 5 Appi Break in ' 2,000 All Work in ' 2,000 Fable . . . ,,^' TSSH 18>^ 3.7 .44 iy^ Fabordao 25 19 3.8 .54 3 Fact . . . fi 28 22 1<^ 4.5 .73 'i'A Fallow K yi'A 83 6.4 1.00 4 False . . • 'A 49 40 '4 8.1 1.35 4K Fancy 1 60 56 11.3 1.80 Fantasm . l'« 71 67 13.4 3.30 6 Farner i,V 89 84 16.8 3.80 i Farobien In 112 106 31.3 3.40 7^ Farther . - 1^ 137 134 34.8 4.00 8 Fassband 1.^ 156 140 38.0 4.75 8>^ Fastness . . \U 208 168 33.6 5.40 9 Favorite . . 2 225 311 43.3 7.50 11 Fashion . V4 285 360 53 9.35 13 Style B 6 Strands 25 Wires to the Strand '■<% Style C 5 Strands 9 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND HERCULES WIRE ROPE I'l'rade mark registered) Haulage and Transmission Rope Hemp Center Illustrated on opposite page .See description page 9 For quality, see page 12 Telegraph Name ii ^ 5 0-6 |.S Oh Approximate Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds Allowable Working .Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds 0) a •2 >? ^ " S M ^ u a ^°5 Graceful • 'A 16X 13 3.6 .44 ■dU Grading . 'A 25 31 4.3 .73 4>^ Graduate K 35 30 6 1.00 oX Gramercy H 44 38 7.6 1.35 6 Grampus 1 58 53 10.6 1.80 6X Grandest IVs 70 64 13.8 3.30 8 Graphite IX 88 80 16 3.80 9X Style D 6 Strands 8 Wires to the Strand Patented Flattened Strand rope has 150 per cent, more wearing surface than ordinary rope and is exceedingly flexible. When desired with a ■wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special rope for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Like all good things, Hercules rope is being imitated and common steel rope is being palmed off on the consumer as Hercules rope. .So-called Plough Steel rope is also being sold as just as good as Hercules. To protect ourselves and the consumer, we have adopted the word "Hercules" in connection with a colored strand as our trade mark. Be sure to get the genuine colored strand Hercules rope. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 51 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PATENT FLATTENED STRAND H o I s T I N c; 4^i^^ Style A 5 Strands 28 Wires to the Strand H ois r 1 N (■ Mv.c ii 6 Strands 25 Wires to the Strand 1 1 \ r I . \ • . I \ X 1 1 T K A X s \i 1 - - 1 I j .\ Style C 5 Strands ii Wire^ to the Strand ■ ^-^y ]I \ r 1. A '; H A X I> r K A X > M 1 ^ -- 1 ' Style D 6 Strands 8 Wires to the Strand 52 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Style A 5 Strands 28 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND SPECIAL STEEL (Trade mark registered) Hoisting Rope Illustrated on opposite page For quality, see page 13 See description page 9 d c j_, Telegraph 'x b« S P Allowable Working Strai in Tons of 3,000 Pounds S X '^ S S-S Name S.S Appro Breakin in T( 3,000 F lasso . % V'A 11.1 2.22 .4A IK latrico 9 Tfi 19-4 14.0 2.8 .54 134: Ibanto 'A 22 '4 17.0 3.4 .73 2X Ibdare H 30 24.5 4.9 1.00 3 Iberico n 38 33.0 6.6 1.35 3 % Ibhar . 1 48 43.0 8.6 1.80 4 Ibidem 1% 59 54.0 10.8 2.30 4y3 Ibimu . IX 70 64.0 12.8 2.80 5 Ibzan ■ IK 105 93.0 18.6 4.00 534' Icaja 1% 155 127 25.4 5.40 1% Icastico 2 177 162 32.4 7.50 8 Icerimus V4 220 204 40.8 9.25 8K Style B 6 Strands 35 Wires to the Strand m: r^ Style C 5 Strands 9 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND SPECIAL STEEL (Trade mark registered) Haulage and Transmission Rope Illustrated on opposite page For quality, see page 13 See description page 9 - _g 0) m ti Telegraph " -r. '^ -r. ^1 xima gStr ns of ound BBS Name 5 Appro Breakin inT( 3,000 P ^ ^ V Idalgo . . . y% 11 6.1 1.2 .25 2 Ideable . . V-, 14 10.5 2.1 .44 2K Idealum . A 18 16.5 3.3 .73 3K Ideamos . . M 27 23 4.6 1.00 4K Identico . % 35 31 6.2 1.35 5 Identism ■ 1 45 40 8 1.80 5X Ideogram IK 54 50 10 2.30 6X Idiograph IX 68 62 12.4 2.80 'X Idisogar ■ lA 80 73 14.6 3.30 8 Idorol . ^A 93 85 17 4.40 8^ Style D 6 Strands 8 W^ires to the Strand Patented Flattened Strand rope has 150 per cent, more wearing surface than ordinary rope and is exceedingly fle.xibU When desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 53 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Style A 5 Strands 28 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND CRUCIBLE CAST STEEL Hoisting Rope Illustrated on page 52 See description page 9 For quality, see page 13 ^ ^•= r. c '^ ■ ^. Telegraph '•^ it u c Allowable Working Strs in Tons of 2.000 Pound M Name 5 U Appro Break in in T( 2,000 P r- ^ aj Abactor . % 14>^ 9>^ 1.9 .44 1/'" Abandon }i 18X 15 3.0 .73 2'4 Abused . . H 24 21 4.2 1.00 3 Abbott . . % 30 29 5.8 1.35 S'A Abdicate 1 39>^ 38 7.6 1.80 4 Abductor \y% 50 47 9.4 2.30 4>^ Abelmask IX 59 >4 56 11.2 2.80 5 Abhoring 1^ 73 69 13.8 3.40 5}i Abreption i>< 86 81 16.2 4.00 534 Abrupted \n 96 94 18.8 4.75 6X Absolute IX 121 109 21.8 5.40 7X Abuseful . 2 144 140 28.0 7.50 8 Absurd . . Vi 182 176 35.2 9.25 8X Style B 6 Strands 25 Wires to the Strand r( /^^^* &/ *> ^% Style C 5 Strands 9 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND CRUCIBLE CAST STEEL Haulage and Transmission Rope Illustrated on page 52 See description page 9 For quality, see page 13 Telegraph c 5 S ximate g Strain ns of ounds vable g Strain ns of ounds rage of Rope -"oot a; Name 5 &0 Appro Break in in T( 2,000 1 Alkn Workin in T( 2,000 B 01 4-> , p s- Kerns . . H 7 5 1.0 .25 2 Keeping . 14 10 9 1.8 .44 2 I/, Kelter . . ^1i 14 14 2.8 .73 3>2 Kernel . . n 20>^ 20 4.0 1.00 4>^ Ketchup • H 27 j^ 27 5.4 1.35 5 Keystone 1 35 36 7.2 1.80 5X Kicker 1>'S 45 45 9.0 2.30 6X Kilogram IX 54 54 10.8 2.80 7X Kilone \h 64 64 12.8 3.30 ,s Koler . 1>^ 75 75 15.0 4.40 8K coo ^'- Style D f) Strands 8 Wires to the Strand u Patent Flattened Strand rope has 150 per cent, more wearing surface than ordinary rope and is exceedingly flexible. When desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 54 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PATENT FLATTENED STRAND SWEDES IRON Illustrated on page 52 Hoisting Rope See description page 9 For quality, see page 13 Telegraph Name fc. ■■'■• 5 S O.S Approximate Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds Allowable Working Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds Minimum Size of Drums or Sheaves in Feet Dabamas Dabler Dado Dafodil Damage Dancer Dangerous .... Dangler Dareful Darkish Darling Dastard Dauber Daughter Dauntless % H I r, n IX l>s IH 2 2^ 9K 13 15;^ 21 26 34 43 52 62;^ 74 82 104 120 152 2.3 4 5 6 i) 13 17 21 28 34 40 45 54 66 75 .5 .8 1.0 1.2 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.2 5.6 6.8 8.0 9.0 10.8 13.2 15.0 .20 .38 .47 .57 .83 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.65 4.15 5.00 6.30 8.00 1 2 3^ 3 3>^ 4 534: 6X 634: ^Yz 9 103, UK Style A 5 Strands 28 Wires to the Strand PATENT FLATTENED STRAND SWEDES IRON Haulage and Transmission Rope Illustrated f>n page 52 See description page 9 For quality, see page 13 Telegraph Name II Approximate Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds Allowable Working Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds .Minimum Si/.e of Drums or Sheaves in Feet Glacial Gladen Gladiator Glamour Glance Glaring Glover 1 1'4 8X 12'^ 22 29 36>^ 45 7 10 13>^ 18 22>^ 27 .9 1.4 2.0 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 .38 .60 .87 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.50 43.4 6 634 ^Y2 Style C 5 Strands 9 Wires to the Strand A rope of Patent Flattened Strand Swedes iron gives most satisfactory results in elevator service. Patented Flattened Strand rope, being extremely flexible, is an ideal construction for use on elevators. Having a wearing service of 150 per cent, more than ordinary rope means longer service and a distinct saving in wear of sheaves and pulleys. When desired ^vith a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 55 6 Strands 12 Wires to the Strand HERCULES WIRE ROPE rrade mark re.i^o-stered) H O I s • i^ 5.1 0.89 ■■"'.'4 Engaged Vs 35 33 '2 6.7 1.20 6 Enjoiner 1 46 47 9.4 1.58 6% Enlarged I's 56 58 11.6 2.00 8 Enriching I % 70-2 74 14.8 2.45 9X .^-. Strands 7 Wires o tile Stranike all good things, Hercules rope is bein.g imitated and common steel rope is being palmed oft' on tlic consumer as Hercules rope. So-called Plough Steel rope is also being sold as just as good as Herciiles. To protect ourselves and the consumer, we have adopted the word "Hercules" in connection with a colored strand as our trade mark. He sure to get the genuine colored strand Hercules nope. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and ive will suggest the proper rope (or the purpose. A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY 1 (j Strands 19 Wires to the Strain H . '1 ^ r 1 N li Strands 7 Wires 1 the Strand i i< ( '. A 1 . \ A X 1 z i: I > Iron \ I . \ A \ I / Strands 13 Wires to the Strand T I 1. 1, i-: K W 1 !■; I ( . \ I \" \ N A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY SPECIAL STEEL (Trade mark rc;,astcrcd) Hoisting Rope Hemp Center See Fit::. 1, opposite page See description page 10 For quality, see page 18 Telegraph Xame Tabard Talaky Talent . Talisman Tallied Tambour Tamis . Tandem Tangent Tankard Tanner Taper • Tapestry Tapioca Taramis Target • Tarnish Tarpaulin Tartao Tarturo ■ys 1 iT H lOj 11 12; 14 16; 22 28 36 45 55 67 80 91 115 134 170 210 255 3.70 4.05 0.78 7.08 10.1 12.7 15.8 22 30 89 49 58 72 S4 97 112 144 182 222 266 •S.S.S V. S > .ii ^ c c 0.54 O.Sl 1.15 1.56 2.02 2.54 8.16 4.-^0 6 . 00 7.80 9.80 11.6 14.4 16.8 19.4 22.4 28.8 36.4 45.0 53.0 0.10 0.15 0.22 0.30 0.39 0.50 0.62 . 89 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.45 3.00 3 . 55 4.15 4.85 6.30 8.00 9.85 11.95 g s 1 IK 1^4 9J 10 6 Strands 19 Wires to the Strand SPECIAL STEEL I'I'rade mark re.L(isterfd} Haulage Rope Hemp Center See Fig. 2, opposite page See description page in For qnality. see page 13 Telegraph Xame Tarsus . Tassel . Tawdry Tawny Teasel . Temper Temporal Temporize Tenacity • Tenant y?, h 'A 6 14 20 26 34 44 53 S c c .^ 5 5.58 7.50 9.70 12.3 15.1 21 28 37 46 56 1.11 1.50 1.94 2.46 3.02 4.20 5.60 7.40 9.20 11.2 0.22 0.80 0.39 0.50 0.62 . 81) 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.45 2'4 2N 3 4'^ 5 '^-O^ Strands T Wires to the Strand Patent Flattened Strand rope has 150 per cent, more wearing surface than ordinary rope and is exceedingly flexible. When desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special rope for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Our Special .Steel wire rope, as its name implies, is made from a special grade of steel combining high tensile strength with flexibility and toughness. These, with manj- other properties, make it suitable for rough and heavy duty. The .satisfactory results obtained from the use of our Special Steel wire rope have warranted us in securing a trade- mark to protect consumers against inferior grades. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 59 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY 6 Strands 19 Wires to the Strand CRUCIBLE CAST STEEL Hoisting Rope Hemp Center See Fig. 1, page 58 See description page 10 For quality, see page- ]l: ^ x ■s. ^ o 1 Telegraph Name c i- a: Eg pproxiniatt Breaking rain in Ton of 000 Pounds Allowable Working rain in Ton of 000 Pounds (U.^P- > U D inimum Siz of Drums • Sheaves ir Feet - < -x •' X =^ :t ^ c Eschew X 9 2.4 0.48 0.10 Vz Escrow 9^4 3.4 0.68 0.15 2/ Escola • n 9y^ o.O 1.00 0.22 1 Escape I « 10 6.8 1.36 0.30 l>t' Escort . % 11 8.8 1.76 0.39 1>2 Esloin 12 11.0 2.20 0.50 IV Esoter h 14 13.6 2.72 0.62 2X Espied H 18 19.4 3.88 0.89 3 Essay n 23 26 5.20 1.20 '^}2 Estate 1 30 34 6.80 1.58 4 Estop VA 38 42 8.40 2.00 4>i- Estray 1'4 46 50 10.0 2.45 .) Esclair \H 56 62 12.4 3.00 5'^ Espouse I'/z 66 72 14.4 3.55 53., Esquire IH 74 84 16.8 4.15 6 '4 Estrude 1^4 93 96 19.2 4.85 TV Esther . 2 111 124 24.8 6.30 8 Esture . 2X 142 156 31.2 8.00 8 ''2 Estwain 3^3 175 190 37.9 9. 85 9 '4 Estwold ~ 4 210 228 45.6 11.95 10 Strands 7 Wires to the Sti'and CRUCIBLE CAST STEEL Transmission and Haulage Rope Hemp Center See Fig. 2, page 58 Telegraph Xanie See description paj. l''or quality, see page 18 Cede Ceil Cease . Cedarn Celery • Celiac . Celard . Cement Cenoby Censor Century Cerate . Cession Cestus • Certify y^ 'A 1 V4 \y% 4 4>^ 6 '4 -'Vi 9 11 13>^ 16 22 28 36 43 51 60 t: 11 c 2.8 3.4 4.8 6.6 8.4 10.6 13.2 15.8 18.6 24 32 40 48 58 68 5^1 i 0.56 0.68 0.96 1.32 1.68 2.12 2.64 3.16 3.72 4.80 6.40 8.00 9.60 11.6 13.6 =*S jr 0.12J 0.15 0.22 0.30 0.89 . 50 0.62 0.75 0.89 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.45 3.00 3.55 n u C3 (D I'o 2 2^ 2 '/^ 3" 3'. 4 4". 'V 8 8^ When desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 60 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PLOW STEEL ROPE Hoisting Rope Hemp Center See Fis- 1, page 58 See description pase Id For quality, see page 13 - 3 '5 V. ^ c Telegraph Name 3 ij 11 um Si Drums leaves Feet .2" \J-V. =^ 3^ -S S 5-2=8 <^a •s'f-^ " - <| ''' 'l-- V Pablas '4 12 3.00 .60 0.10 ~3 Pabledo . 12X 4.50 .90 0.15 'A Pablegar . ^S UYz 6.55 1.31 0.32 1 Pableman . 13 8 . s,-) 1.77 0.30 ^% Parent I^ 14 11.-4 2.2S 0.39 m Pealing H 19 IS 3.60 0.62 3>^ Pleasant v 26 25 5.00 . 89 4 Pigtail ''s 34 84 6.80 1.20 ^% Planter 1 43 44 S.SO 1.58 o Poets \y% 52 5(5 11.2 2.00 6 Preaching \% 63 67 13.4 2.45 t Pseudo l^/S 11 82 16.4 3.00 ^% Pucker ^% 93 96 19.2 3.55 S Pyramid \% 135 1-28 25.6 4.85 9 Prospering •> 156 165 33.0 6.30 11 Puzzler 3m: 200 208 41.6 8.00 12 6 Strands 19 Wires to the Strand PLOW STEEL ROPE Transmission and Standing Rope Hemp Center Fig. 2. page -58 See description page ID For quality, see page 13 Telegraph Xanie roximale ins Strain Tons of Pounds owable ins Strain Tons of Pounds 1) V -^^ iiuni »Si/,e Drums leaves in Feet " -* c App Break , in 2,001 All Work in 2,00f Rabat I^ 11 11 2.20 0.39 3^ Racket 14 14 2.80 0.50 4 Race H 17 17 3.40 0.62 4 'i Radical u 25 24 4.80 0.89 -^% Rafter . ,'/S 32 32 6.40 1.20 6 Ragman 1 41 42 8.40 1.58 6V Rainbow lyi 51 53 10.6 2.00 8 Rampart • IX 61 64 12. S 2.45 9X ti .Strands ~ Wires to the Strand AVhen desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or la\'. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 6i A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY 6 Strands 19 Wires to the Strand SWEDES IRON ROPE Hoisting Rope Hemp Center See Fig. 1, page 5S Telegraph Name See description pa.t;f 1' For quality, see page 13 Lover . Lopes . Load Loaf Loafer . Loam Loath . Lovell . Lobby . Lobster Lobule . Local Locate • Lock Locker Locust • Lodger Lofty . 1 1/2 IH H4 2 0,1/ 6/2 7 7'-2 10 12 16 20 26 33 40 48 57 63 80 92 117 1.2 1.7 2..") 8.4 4.4 o.o 6.8 9.7 18 17 21 25 81 36 42 48 62 78 ■2X T. s 0.24 0.34 0.50 0.68 0.88 1.10 1.86 1.94 2.60 8.40 4.20 5.00 6.20 7.20 8.40 9.60 12.40 15.60 <.5f=. 0.10 0.15 0.22 0.30 0.89 0.50 0.62 0.89 1.20 1.58 2.00 2.45 8.00 8 . 55 4.15 4.85 6.80 8.00 8>2 4 454 10 12 13 SWEDES IRON ROPE 6 Strands 7 Wires to the Strand Transmission and Standing Rope See Fig. 2, page 5S See description page 10 Hemp Center Telegraph Name For quality, see page 13 Subact . Subdeam Subduce Suberic Subject Sublap . Sublet . Sublime Submit ■ Subnode Subsign Suborn Subpena Subrosa Subsist ■ 'A 1 \y% 3 '4 3^ 4>^ ^% eVz 8 10 12 14 17>4 23 29 36 43 51 p _C P 0- 1.4 1.7 2.4 3.3 4.2 5.3 6.6 7.9 9.8 12 16 20 24 29 34 3 i^'i'O 0.28 0.34 0.48 0.66 0.84 1.06 1.32 1.58 1.86 2.40 8.20 4.00 4.80 5.80 6.80 3X 3>^ 2X 3X 4 5X 6 6^ 7^ 8>^ 9>^ lOX 12 13 When desired with a wire center, prices will be made on application. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 62 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY SWEDES IRON WIRE TILLER ROPE See Fig. -1. page 58 See description page 14 For qnality, see page 13 Telegraph Name Diameter in Inches Price per Foot m Cents Average Weight per Foot Obtuse . . ,v 7j< .07 Obelisk . . V i; 8 .11 Object . . ,fs 9 .16 Obliging . . 1 If 10 .21 Obrogate I ^ 11 .28 Obose . . 1 il 14 .35 Obscure • H 17 .43 Obtained ■'4 22 .(i2 Obverting ' *< 27 .8-1 Obdurate 1 33 1.10 SASH CORDS COPPER, IRON, TINNED AND GALVANIZED Six Strands, Seven Wires to the Strand Cotton Center r. £ Price per Foot in Cents Weight per Ff)ot in Pounds Approximate Breaking Strain in Pounds c is p. 'J " Iron "it "Si \ 26 3 4 9 .100 .115 2,200 1,600 1,265 3^ 27 2% 3^2 7>^ .076 .087 1,809 1,254 1,022 3 It! 27>^ 2X 3 6 .056 064 1,417 947 792 's 28 lU 2X 4>^ .025 .029 790 467 435 3 3 S 28>^ VA 2 3y2 .014 .016 510 280 272 1 1 ir 29 IX IX 3 .006 .007 262 132 140 GALVANIZED WIRE STRAND For Smoke Stack Guys, Electric Light Plants, Street Railways, Signal Cord, Fencing and Other Purposes List of Dec. 19, 1906 Seven Steel Wires Twisted Into a Single Strand .See I''ig. j, page .58 See description page 14 For quality, see page 14 Telegraph Name .Seven Wires No. Approx- imate Diam- eter Approx- imate Weight per 1000 Feet Approx- imate -Strength in Pounds Price per 100 Feet Union 8 ,-. 510 8,500 $4.50 United . 10 fii 415 6,500 3.75 Unitarian 11 /'S 295 5,000 2.75 Universal 12 5 ITT 210 3,800 2.25 Unwary . 14 H 125 2,300 1.75 Unio . 16 ii 95 1.800 1.50 Unicorn . 17 3 llS 75 1,400 1.25 Unsavory 18 5 32 55 900 1.15 Ukase 20 ■s 32 500 1.00 Ugly . 21 3 32 20 400 .80 GALVANIZED MAST-ARM ROPE For Electric Light Companies, etc. Nine Strands, Four Wires to the Strand Cotton Center Price per Foot in Cents Diameter in Inches Weight per Foot in Pounds Approximate Breaking Strain in Pounds 5 3X 2K X 0.158 0.109 0.070 2,300 1,700 1,100 Annealed cords saine price as bright cords A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY GALVANIZED IRON WIRE ROPE For Ships' Rigging, Guys for Derricks, etc. See description page 14 For quality, see page 14 S V. CJ Seven Wires Coarse Laid Twelve Wire Fine Laid - 1^1 .s-^ S S o a, Co 5 CS o ? ri i .-4 X 2§ Telegraph Xame r. Telegraph Name 9 ' >^I^Pl^.. 2 13, 6 5/2 6.00 4.85 Nabiani Nabica 44 Sabalos Sabanones 46 12 11 50 44 See Fig. 2, page 58 6 Strands 5.'4 5 4.40 4.00 Nabidden Nabissi 41 38 Sabaoth . . Sabedor • • 43 40 10'2 10 40 36 7 Wires to the Strand 1^2 4-V 3.00 Nablium 35 Sabelbek . 37 9>^ 32 IVi-, 4;a 3.25 Nabob . . 31 Sabelkling 33 9 29 13/s 4X 2.90 Naboria 27 Sabelles 29 8/2 26 IX 4 2.55 Naburiger 24 Sabellorum 25 8 23 1,^'. 3:V 2.25 Nacarada 21 Sabelpels ■ 22 "^'A 20 l>s 3^3 1.95 Nacareos ■ 18 Sabenca 19 6X2 18 1,V. 3X 1.70 Nacelle . 16 Saberetes . . 17 6 15 1 3 1.44 Nachbar 14 Sabicu 15 534 13 -/s 2X 1.21 Nachbefehl . 12 Sabinar 13 r^X 11 1 :i 1 li •^>^ 1.00 Nachdem 10 Sablablat ■ 11/2 5 9 ■'4 '-i.V .81 Nachdruck 9 Sablasses . 10 4X T.3 ^tt^ ?s o .04 Nachfolgen 8 Sableront . 9 4X 5.8 -^^' ^V^. I'c; 1-V 1^2 .49 .36 Nachgaffen Nachgeben 7 6 Sableux Saboga 8 7 3X 3 4.4 3.2 ^- I'li IX .25 Nachgeholt • 5 Saboleta . • 6 2X 2.3 See Fig. 3, page 58 6 Strands /s I's .20 Nachgluth 4 Sabord . ■ 5 2X 1.8 12 Wires 1 "■' 1 .16 Nachguss • 3>2 Saborgadas 4.'i 2 1.4 to the Strand 5 stran H is, 7 wire .123 s each Nachjagen •1 ;! 2 3 Saborgo IX 1.1 X /4- .090 Nachklang 2;/2 Sabotable . 1/2 0.81 TfV H .063 Nachkost 2\ Sabouleux IX 0.56 3 1 fi \,^ .040 Nachlaufen 2 Sabres • I's 0.36 The first cost of galvanized 7'Ope is less than hemp rope of equal strength, will last ten times as long, does not stretch or shrink with changes of weather, and is less bulky and weighs less than hemp rope of equal strength. It is not advisable to use galvanized rope to run over drums and sheaves. 64 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY GALVANIZED IRON AND CAST-STEEL RUNNING ROPE Six Strands and a Hemp Core, Each Strand Consisting of Twelve Wires Hemp Center Price per Foot in Cents •B ii 1* X o-r, o D (1) S.s 5 ■X a3 o Approximate Breaking- Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds Iron Cast- Steel Iron Cast- Steel 22 30 U\: 3j4 1.14 12.0 24.0 20 27 I 3 0.97 10.7 21.5 17 23 ^ 3;V 0.81 8.21 16.4 14 U 19 1 .-! 1 l> 2j^ 0.67 7.20 14.4 11 -2 15 "-1 2,V 0.54 6.13 12.3 9 12 H 2 0.43 4.29 8.58 8 10 1 li 1-V 0.33 3.47 6.94 7 9 >2' i;^ 0.24 2.78 5.56 6>^ 8;^ 1 li i¥ 0.17 2.15 4.30 6 7^ H i>^ 0.14 1.75 8.50 5>2 7 1 if 1 0.11 1.14 2 . 28 GaU^anized flexible running rope is similar in construction to galvanized hawsers. It is com- posed of six strands built around a hemp core, each strand being made of twelve wires and a hemp center. It is quite as flexible as manila running rope, much stronger and more durable. This running rope finds much favor aboard ship, and is coming more and more into use. It is made of either iron or steel as desired. GALVANIZED STEEL CABLES For Suspension Bridges Six Strands of Seven Wires Each Wire Center 3j -M ■^■ -.Hoc •- J-. D 1) 11 C.5 Approximate Circumfer- ence in Inches -X. j_, -wG ^ a •Approximate Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds 3,V 2^^ 24 s 2X 2ys 2 i.V IH ^% l/s 1'4 ^% ^% 7/8 6V 5% h% 5 4„'4 4 12.7 11.6 10.5 9.50 8.52 7.60 6.78 5.90 5.10 4.34 3.70 3.10 2.57 310 283 256 232 208 185 164 144 124 106 90 75 62 Suspension bridges are becoming more popu lar, and deserved!}- so. They look neater and can be built quicker and cheaper than any othei style of construction. As to strength, where thi safety of the whole bridge often depends on tht strength of a single piece of steel or iron, the\ are superior, because the cables are made of .1 large number of wires formed into a whole, s< that it is impossible to get a weak spot in a cable 65 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COxMPANY GALVANIZED STEEL HAWSERS Six Strands and a Hemp Center, each Strand consisting of Twelve Wires and a Hemp Core Approx- Circumfer- Approx- Price Weight Break- ence m imate ference in Inches per per Inches of Diam- eter in Foot in Foot in mg Strain in Xew Manila Hawser Inches Cents Pounds 3,000 Pounds of Equal Strength IH 5/2 56 3.25 61 13K m 5% 53 2.9.-) ■ >i 13 IH 5 48 2.70 53 Vl% l/z m 44 2.42 45 12 W« 4>^ 41 2.18 42 11 '2 1^ 4X 37 1.94 39 11 V^ 4 34 1.72 32 10 lA 3^4 30 1.51 29 9X lys 'iyi 27 1.32 27 8M ItV 3 '4 25 1.14 24 8>2 1 3 21 0.97 21.5 8 H 2^ 19 0.81 16.4 6'i 11 3/2 16 0.67 14.4 6 These hawsers are much stronger than manila hawsers of equal size, weigh less, are not nearly so bulky nor hard to handle. They are fully as pliable, resist wear much better, and are safer and more reliable. They are used extensively for towing on both the great lakes and the oceans. As a rule, automatic winches are used in connection with them, maintaining a nearly uniform tension, giving and taking in a seaway, with the pitching and i"olling of the barge or towing steamer. These hawsers are constructed with a hemp core, around which are twisted six strands, each of which is composed of twelve wires wound around a hemp center. They are made of the best grade of cast steel, treated by our double galvanizing process, and are satisfactorv and durable. GALVANIZED STEEL HAWSERS Six Strands and a Hemp Center, each Strand consisting of Thirty-seven Wires and a Hemp Core Approx- Price Weight Approximate imate Circum- per Breaking Strain in Diam- ference Foot in Foot in Pounds Tons of 2,000 Pounds eter in in Inches Cents for Cast Inches Steel Cast-steel Special 3 6 '4 120 6.25 128 166 \H 5'-. 98 4.85 101 131 \-^ 5 84 4.00 84 109 1/ 43^ 77 3.60 76 99 1/8 4/ 65 3.90 63 81 ^% 4 60 2.55 55 72 \y^ 3/ 48 1.95 43 55 1 3 37 1.44 31 40 These hawsers combine great strength with pliability. The demand for towing a number of heavily loaded barges, practically in all kinds of weather, has called for a wire hawser stronger than any manila hawser made. The two grades presented in the opposite table — Cast-steel and Special — are well fitted for the most exacting conditions. These are particular kinds of high grade steel, which have been developed by this company, and may be relied on to give satis- faction. We make to order special ropes for special purposes with any combination of wires or styles of twist or lay. Tell us what you want to use the rope for and we will suggest the proper rope for the purpose. 66 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY "HERCULES" SWITCH ROPES 6x19 Single Fittings WRECKING ROPES. BALLAST UNLOADER ROPES Hook and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Link in Other End Double Fittings WRECKING ROPES. BALLAST UNLOADER ROPES Hook, Link and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Two Links in Other End Ureaking Strain in Tons of 118 9(i re (50 50 35 29 •),l)(ll) Pounds Diameter in Inches Len-th in Feet l'/2 1-3 IK I'/s 1 ':, h 20 39.05 31.25 24.30 21.00 16.80 14.55 10.00 35 44.50 35.75 27.88 23.88 19.25 16.50 11.50 30 49.95 40.25 31.45 26.75 21.70 18.45 13.00 Hn 55.40 44.75 35.03 29.63 24.15 20.40 14.50 ■lO 60.85 49.25 38.60 32.50 26.60 22.35 16.00 45 66.30 53.75 42.18 35.38 29.05 24.30 17.50 50 71.75 58.25 45.75 .38.25 31.50 26.25 19.00 Breaking Strain in Tons of 113 90 76 60 50 36 29 2,(1(10 Pounds Diameter in Inches Length in Feet l'/2 \h IK i;-s 1 ."'s "'+ •zo 43.05 34.75 27.30 23.50 18.80 16.30 11.50 25 48.50 39.25 30.88 26.38 21.25 18.25 13.00 30 53.95 43.75 34.45 29.25 23.70 20.20 14.50 35 59.40 48.25 38.03 32.13 26.15 22.15 16.00 40 64.85 .52.75 41.60 35.00 28.60 24.10 17.50 45 70.30 57.25 45.18 37.88 31.05 26.05 19.00 50 75.75 61.75 48.75 40.75 33.50 28.00 20.50 We make our own -Switch Rope Fittings SPECIAL STEEL" SWITCH ROPES 6x19 (Trade mark registered) Hook and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Link in Other End Breaking Strain in 84 58 49 S9 30 22 Tons of 2,000 Pounds Diameter in Inches 1« 1-3 IK I'-s 1 % 3' 20 33.25 26.65 21.00 18.50 14.20 12.35 8.40 25 37.25 30.00 23.75 20.75 16.00 13.75 9.50 30 41.25 33.35 26.50 23.00 17.80 15.15 10.60 35 45.25 36.70 29.25 25.25 19.60 16.55 11.70 40 49.25 40.05 32.00 27..50 21.40 17.95 12.80 45 53.25 43.40 34.75 29.75 23.20 19.35 13.90 50 57.25 46.75 37.50 32.00 25.00 20.75 15.00 Hook, Link and ThimbI e in On Oth e End, Thimble and T er End wo Lin cs in 20 37.25 30.15 24.00 21.00 16.20 14.10 9.90 25 41.25 33.50 26.75 23.25 18.00 15.50 11.00 30 45.25 36.85 29.50 25.50 19.80 16.90 12.10 35 49.25 40.20 .32.25 27.75 21.60 18.30 13.20 40 53.25 43.55 35.00 30.00 23.40 19.70 14.30 45 57.25 46.90 37.75 32.25 25.20 21.10 15.40 .50 61.25 50.25 40.50 34.50 27.00 22.50 16.50 Single Fittings We make Ropes of any desired combination of Hooks, Links and Sockets 6; A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PLOUGH STEEL SWITCH CRUCIBLE STEEL SWITCH ROPES 6x19 ROPES 6x19 Single Fittings Hook and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Link in Other End Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds 96 S2 g; 55 44 34 25 Diameter in Indies Length in Feet H/= \':< 1'4 I's 1 - 20 35.85 28.65 22.60 19.90 15.60 13.55 9.20 25 40.50 .32.50 25.75 22.50 17.75 15.25 10.50 30 45.15 36.35 28.90 25.10 19.90 16.95 11.80 33 49.80 40.20 32.05 27.70 22.05 18.65 13.10 40 54.45 44.05 35.20 30.30 24.20 20.35 14.40 45 59.10 47.90 38.35 32.90 26.35 22.05 15.70 50 63.75 51.75 41.50 35.50 28.50 23.75 17.00 Hook, Link and Thimble in One End, Thimble an d Two Links in Other End 20 39.85 32.15 25.60 22.40 17.60 15.30 10.70 25 44.50 36.00 28.75 25.00 19.75 17.00 12.00 30 49.15 39.85 31.90 27.60 21.90 18.70 13.30 35 53.80 43.70 35.05 30.20 24.05 20.40 14.60 40 58.45 47.55 38.20 32.80 26.20 22.10 15.90 45 63.10 51.40 41.35 35.40 28.35 23.80 17.20 50 67.75 55.25 44.50 38.00 30.50 25.50 18.50 Single Fittings Hook and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Link in Other End Breaking Strain in Tons of 2,000 Pounds 72 ti2 50 42 34 20 19,',, Diameter in Inches Length in Feet i'A I's 'H' I's 1 H 'i' 20 30.45 24.45 19.20 17.10 13.00 11.35 7.60 25 33.75 27.25 21.50 19.00 14.50 12.50 8.50 30 37.05 30.05 23.80 20.90 16.00 13.65 9.40 35 40.35 32.85 26.10 22.80 17.50 14.80 10.30 40 43.65 35.65 28.40 24.70 19.00 15.95 11.20 45 46.95 38.45 .30.70 26.60 20.50 17.10 12.10 50 50.25 41.25 33.00 28.50 22.00 18.25 13.00 Hook, Link and Thimble in One End, Thimble and Two Links in Other End 20 34.45 27.95 22.20 19.60 15.00 13.10 9.10 25 37.75 30.75 24.50 21.50 16..S0 14.25 10.00 30 41.05 33.55 26.80 23.40 18.00 15.40 10.90 35 44.35 36.35 29.10 25.30 19.50 16.55 11.80 40 47.65 39.15 31.40 27.20 21.00 17.70 12.70 45 50.95 41.95 33.70 29.10 22.50 18.85 13.60 50 54.25 44.75 36.00 31.00 24.00 20.00 14.50 \Ve make ali our Switch Rope Fittings Fittings spliced in single: 1% inch, $32.00; 2 inch, $36.00. Double, 1% inch, $38.00; 2 inch, $43.00. We make Ropes of any desired combination of Hooks, Links and Sockets 68 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PATENT WIRE ROPE HOOKS, RINGS AND COUPLINGS These fittings are made of malleable iron, and can be bent cold. The cheapest and simplest fastenings for galvanized strand and iron wire ropes Hooks indicated by Figs. A, B and C are for .V.-inch and smaller. Fig. D for \s-inch and larger. Ring, Fig. E, and Coupling. Fi F, are in all sizes from 's to ;^s-inch inclusive HOOKS, RINGS AND COUPLINGS No No. 1 No. 2 Xo. :5 No. 4 Size of Rope Price, Each $0.05 .07 .08 .15 .20 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. 8 Size of Rope Price, Each $0.25 .28 .38 .66 69 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY WIRE ROPE FASTENINGS Made of the Best Forged Steel CLOSED SOCKETS (1) OPEN SOCKETS (2) Diameter of Circumference Iron or Steel Rope | Rope in Inches of Rope in Inches Loose Fastened 2X 7'/s 3 6X U4 5>4 1^ ■) 1>^ 4i4r $6.80 $11.80 l/s 4X 6.00 10.25 IX 4 4.50 8.00 1/8 8^ 3.30 6.15 1 3 2.40 4.65 H 334: 1.85 3.85 H 3^^ 1.65 3.15 H 3 1.35 2.65 9 T6 1^ 1.10 2.35 'A P4 1.10 2.25 7 1,¥ .85 2.00 /8 1 > s .85 1.85 B 1 .70 1.60 X -I / .70 1.60 Diameter of Rope in Circumference of Rope in Iron or Steel Rope Inches Inches Loose Fastened 2X IVz 3 6X 1,^4 0% 1^ .) 1/3 4^4 \H 4,'4' ■IX 4 $6.10 $9.60 lyi 3>< 4.50 7.35 1 3 3.15 5.40 ^ 2X 2.50 4.50 H 3X 2.10 3.60 H 2 1.65 2.95 T% IX 1.35 2.60 yi 1>^ 1.35 2.50 TIT IX 1.00 2.15 /s 1>^ 1.00 2.00 Ti; 1 .85 1.75 X X .85 1.75 70 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY WIRE ROPE FASTENINGS — Cow/mw^-^ Made of the Best Forged Steel HERCULES SWIVEL HOOK AND SOCKET (3) With Double Swivel HOOK AND THIMBLE (6) Diameter of Rope in Inches Circum. of Rope in Inches For Iron and Cast-Steel Rope Loose Fastened 1 h H H 1 fi tV 8 \4 2>4 2 ^% $18.00 11.40 9.50 8.00 7.20 6.60 6.00 5.35 4.70 $20.85 13.65 11.50 9.50 8.50 7.85 7.15 6.45 5.70 SWIVEL HOOK AND SOCKET (4) Diam. Circum. For Steel Rope For Iron Rope | of Rope in Inches of Rope in Inches Loose Fasten'd Loose Fasten'd \'A 43, IH -t'+ ^'4 4 $17.00 $20.50 $13.50 $17.00 1>8 3>< 12.00 14.85 9.00 11.85 1 3 8.35 10.60 5.70 7.95 H ^^4 7.00 9.00 4.75 6.75 H V'i 5.25 6.75 4.00 5.50 H 2 4.60 5.90 3.60 4.90 1^ 3.75 5.00 3.00 4.25 14 1 M 3.55 4.70 3.00 4.15 iV \'\ 2.85 4.00 2.55 3.70 H I's 2.70 3.70 2.35 3.35 -h 1 2.30 3.20 2.00 2.90 % "4 2.30 3.20 2.00 2.90 HOOK AND SOCKET (5) Diam. Circwm. For Steel Rope For Iron Rope of Rope in Inches of Rope in Inches Loose Fasten'd Loose Fasten'd IK 4 -'4 1^'^ 4X ^% 4 $10.00 $13.50 $8.00 $11.50 I's S'A 8.25 11.10 6.25 9.10 1 3 6.50 8.75 4.60 6.85 "/s 2H 5.25 7.25 3.70 5.70 -'4 2-4 3.85 5.35 3.00 4.50 'A 2.90 4.20 2.30 3.60 1^4 2.45 3.70 2.00 325 l/^ 1^2 2.10 3.25 1.95 3.10 1'4 1.70 2.85 1.55 2.70 H I's 1.65 2.65 1.50 250 _/>„ 1 1.45 2.35 1.25 2.15 '4 :'4 1.45 2.35 1.25 2.15 Diameter For Steel Rope For Iron Rope | of Rope in Inches Loose Fastened Loose Fastened II2 $7.00 $13.50 $5.00 $11.00 13/s 5.40 11.15 3.40 8.65 1"4 4.60 9.20 2.65 6.90 I's 4.40 8.15 2.40 5.90 1 3.75 6.70 1.90 4.65 Vs 2.90 5.35 I.-IO 3.70 "V 1.85 3.75 1.10 2.85 H 1.40 2.85 .85 2.20 fii 1.10 2.40 .75 1.95 .80 2.05 .65 1.80 .75 1.95 .60 1.70 H .70 1.85 .55 1.60 .65 1.75 .50 1.50 Vi .65 1.75 .50 1.50 THIMBLE SPLICED ON ROPE (7) Diam. For For Diam. For For of Rope Steel Iron of Rope Steel Iron in Inches Rope Rope in Inches Rope Rope 1'2 $6.50 $6.00 % $1.55 $1.45 13/s 5.75 5.25 Jt- 1.30 1.20 1'^ 4.70 4.35 '4' 1.25 1.15 I's 3.90 3.65 t'i; 1.20 1.10 1 3.00 2.85 y^ 1.15 1.05 '/s 2.55 2.40 1.10 1.00 "''4 2.00 1.85 % 1.10 1.00 THE "CROSBY" WIRE ROPE CLIP (8) Diameter of Rope 1 lys 1'4' 1/2 1^4 inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch inch Price Each $0.25 .25 .25 .30 .35 .40 .45 .50 .50 .50 ..S5 .60 3.50 4.00 5.00 6.00 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY WIRE ROPE FASTENINGS — Continued SISTER HOOK AND THIMBLE (1» Diameter of Rope in Inches For Ste el Rope For Ire n Rope Loose I'astenei.l Loose Fa.stened IX $7.00 $13.50 $5.00 $11.00 1^8 5.40 11.15 3.40 8.65 lU 4.60 9.20 2.65 6.90 \'A 4.40 8.15 2.40 5.90 1 3.75 6.70 1.90 4.65 /s 2.90 5.35 1.40 3.70 •'4 1.85 3.75 1.10 2.85 ■:^ 1.40 2.85 .85 2.20 I'r. 1.10 2.40 .75 1.95 1,^ .80 2.05 .65 1.80 1 1; .75 1.95 .60 1.70 -'-'S .70 1.85 .55 1.60 1 1; .65 1.75 .50 1.50 V .65 1.75 .50 1.50 EXTRA HEAVY OVAL WIRE ROPE THIMBLES (2) Galvanized Diameter of Rope Price l<:ach Diameter of Rope Price Eacli Xinch . . . {',.; inch Vs inch ,",. inch )| inch . ,•',.- inch >4 inch $0.08 .08 .09 .10 .11 .12 .13 34 inch ^s inch 1 inch l>^inch 1 X inch l^sinch 1}4 inch $0.15 .16 .20 .28 .33 .42 .50 IRON GUY SHACKLES (3) Diameter Price Each Diameter Price Each 34; inch ^ inch . . 1 inch . $0.60 .70 1.00 1 's inch . . . IX inch . . . $1.30 1.90 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY THE "ATLAS" WIRE ROPE CLIP (4) Diameter of Rope Price Each Diameter of Rope Price Each X inch . . . $0.25 ^ inch . . . $0.45 j% inch . . .25 1 inch . .50 3/s inch . . . .25 l'-^ inch . . . .60 '2' inch . . .30 !}:( inch . . . .65 '-i inch . . .35 1>^ inch . . . .75 34 inch . . . .40 CAST WIRE ROPE CLAMPS (5) Leschen's Extra Heavy Diameter of Rope Price Each Diameter of Rope Price Each ^s inch . . . yi inch . . >S inch . . . ^4 inch . . . % inch . . . 1 inch . . . I's inch . . . $0.45 .60 .90 1.05 1.30 1.75 1.90 1^4 inch . . . 1 '-2 inch . . 1^4 inch . . . 2 inch . . . 2)4 inch . . . 2K inch . . . 23^ inch . . . $2.50 3.80 5.50 8.50 13.75 15.00 16.50 Extra heavy clamps for bridge cables, cableways etc. Prices furnished on request. KEYSTONE" SAFETY SHACKLE HOOK (6) Quick Acting (7) Close Fitting Size For Wire Rope Price 1 inch . . is inch to 3/ inch $3.00 l^s inch . . ^ inch to 1 's inch 5.00 1-;^ inch . . l/^s inch to 1-is inch 7.50 Absolutely safe. Saves life. Saves property. Cannot become detached or pulled out. Suitable for use with wire rope, chains or tackle blocks. WROUGHT-IRON TURNBUCKLES (8) With Hook and Eye. Painted Black Diameter of Thread, Inches Length of Thread Inches Price 3 332 $0.80 H 334: .85 5 T6 4 .90 H 434- 1.10 t'h W^ 1.25 % 6 1.55 n ';'2 2.00 Ya 9>4 2.75 'A 11 3.50 1 12>/ 4.25 1.^ 13>^ 5.25 IX \^% 6.25 \y% 15/2 7.50 ^% 16 9.00 CHAIN (9) Self-colored or Black Size of Iron Inches Links per Foot Average Weight per 100 Feet Pounds Average Breaking Strain of B. B. M. Pounds Refined Iron Price Per Pound Norway Iron " Price Per Pound 3 1 6 15 45 1,731 X 13 75 3,069 A 12 120 4,794 H 11 150 6,922 TB 9 200 9,408 X 8 225 12,320 9 1 (i 7 320 15,590 ■/s 6 400 19,219 H 5K 590 27,687 H 5 790 37,632 1 5 1,000 49,280 ).}i 3 '4 1,220 59,226 IX 3 1,500 73.114 SPECIAL SOCKETS FOR BRIDGE CABLES AND CABLEWAY ROPES (10) Closed Socket (11) Open Socket Prices furnished promptly upon request. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY WEBB PATTERN (1) Diam- eter in Inches Thick- ness in Inches Hole for Pin in Inches I'lain Bore Self-Lubrica- ting Phosphor Bronze Bushed Diam- eter in Inches Thick- ness in Inches Hole for Pin in Inches Plain Bore Self-Lubrica- ting: Phosphor Bronze Bushed 6 8 10 12 ■'4 $1.00 1.2s 1.60 2.00 $2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 14 16 IS $2.50 3.00 4.00 $4.50 5.00 6.00 HEAVY PATTERN (2) Diameter Bottom of Groove Kxt. Outside Diameter Thickness in Inches Hole for Pin in Inches Plain Bore .Self-LubricatinK Phosphor Bronze Bushed 12 l.)>^ 1 $3.00 $4.50 14 17>^ 1 4.00 5.50 16 lil,!4 1 5.00 6.50 74 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY HEAVY HOISTING SHEAVES (3) Turned Grooves Bored to Fit Shaft Diameter Price Each lyi feet $12.00 15.00 20.00 26.00 30.00 34.00 42.00 50.00 3 feet 2'^ feet .... . ... 6 ' feet .... ... 'iYz feet .... ... 4 feet 4;^ feet 5 feet (3 feet 7 feet 8 feet Shafting and boxes furnished at moderate prices We are prepared on short notice to make to order the patterns and castings for any special sizes or styles not enumerated in the above list. RUBBER SHEAVE FILLING On ordering sheave filling, send exact dia- gram of size for filling wanted, or else send a small sectional end of the filling. Illustration, Fig. 6 TRANSMISSION SHEAVES (4) For Transmission of Power by Wire Rope Wheels Bored to Fit Shaft, Set-screwed or Key- seated. Balanced and Painted, Grooves Lined with Hard Rubber Diameter in Feet Price Diameter in Feet Price 2 2'A 3 4 4,1^ $12.00 15.00 20.00 26.00 30.00 34.00 42.00 5 s 9 10 12 $50.00 9, 10 and 12 feet are made in halves. These wheels are well balanced, as the centrifugal force is great. They should be fitted true on the shaft, and the shaft set at right angles to the line of transmission. If the wheels wabble and run out of line it will cause the rope to vibrate and jerk. SELF-LUBRICATING PHOSPHOR BRONZE BUSHING FOR WIRE ROPE SHEAVES The bronze and graphite surfaces wear evenly, no refilling of graphite being necessary. The bronze surface and shaft become filled with minute particles of graphite and thus become sinooth at the surfaces, and the continuous revolving against the graphite maintains this smoothness, to which is added the high polish which graphite imparts. These bushings can be run at the highest rate of speed without the usf of a]iy oil, graphite being a dry lubricant. These bushings have been in use for over fifteen years, doing the most severe work, and cannot be equalled by any bushing that has been offered to the public, and the constant, "increasing demand for these bushings speaks better than words. They will soon save their cost in oil and trouble, and when worn can be taken out and a new one put in its place, thus saving' the cost of a nezv sheave. We carry in stock phosphor bronze bushings for i-inch and ij^^-inch pins, but can furnish other sizes at short notice. Send us a trial order. You will be pleased with our bushings and use no other after a careful trial. In illustration. Fig. 5, the light shading shows the bronze casting; the dark spots show the graphite composition. Prices on application. A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PATENT STEEL BLOCKS FOR WIRE ROPE PATENT STEEL WIRE ROPE BLOCKS With Self-Lubricating Graphite Bronze Bushing and Roller Guards to protect the Rope. Stiff Swivel. With or without Beckets (1) Cheaper, stronger and lighter than any other blocks for same size of wire rope. These blocks all have roller guards to keep rope in place. We make to order triple blocks of any size. Diameter of Sheave Diameter of Rope Sing'le Double Diameter of Sheave Diameter of Rope .Single Double Price Trade No. Price Trade No. Price Trade No. Price Trade No. 10 inches 12 " 14 '• fi inch $11.00 12.50 15.00 78 81 $18.00 20.00 23.00 To 79 83 16 inches 18 " 20 ' ' X inch 1 " $18.00 23.00 28.00 85 89 m $27.00 32.00 38.00 87 91 05 76 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY LOCK SNATCH BLOCKS FOR WIRE ROPE (2) With Self-Lubricating Graphite Bronze Bushings Diameter of Sheave Diameter of Rope Self-Lubricating Phos. Bronze Bushed Price Trade Xo. 10 inches ]/2 inch $18.00 213 12 " n " 21.00 215 14 " K " 24.00 217 16 •• ^ " 30.00 219 18 •' 1 40.00 221 20 " i;s '■ 52.00 223 The rope is perfectly protected by the STEEL SHELL, which is thoroitghly japanned, making a handsome as well as a strong and durable block. Note that the strap goes entirely around THE SHELL, giving the block the maximum of strength. The increasing use of wire rope is causing quite a demand for the above blocks, as they are unequaled. EXTRA HEAVY WROUGHT STEEL WIRE ROPE BLOCKS (3) Single and Double Blocks have Hooks, Triple has Shackle The hooks are interchangeable one with another, and between single and double blocks. They can be quickly and easily removed from the blocks by simply drawing out a spring cot- ter. Another feature not to be lost sight of is that the hooks which are strong and tough are swivel hooks and sxuiJig on a heavy steel pin, a decided advantage over rigid fastenings. All pins are made of steel. The sides are also made of mild steel, and cover the entire sheave, protecting it from chipping or breaking. In fact, the entire block is made of steel, except the cast iron sheaves and bushings. We have not tried to see how cheap we could make a block, but how good. We have made wire rope blocks a study, and now olfer the best block on the market. We challenge comparison. Try a sample pair. They will speak for them- selves. Size of Sheave Self-Lubricating Phosphor Bronze Bushed Diam. at Bottom of Groove Outside Diameter Single Double Triple 12 14 16 1.-) 17 19 $20.00 22.00 32.00 $27.00 29.00 39.00 $37.00 39.00 49.00 We make this block also with quadruple sheaves and shackle when required. We call special attention to the hooks and shackles in this block. They are drop forged of a special make of mild steel, much superior to cast steel or Norway iron. They are absolutely the best on the market to-dav. MALLEABLE IRON BLOCKS FOR WIRE ROPE (4) Length of Shell Diam. of Sheave Diam. of Rope Price Trade No. Single $9.50 55 14 in. 10 in. 'A in. Double 17.50 57 Triple 25.50 59 Single 12.50 61 1(5 in. 12 in. y^ in. Double 23.00 63 Triple 31.00 65 These blocks are all fitted with our Self- Lubricating Phosphor Bronze Bushings, and while very strong, are made with special refer- ence to lightness, for ease in handling. 77 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY BLOCKS FOR MANILA ROPE On pages 79 and 80 will be found tables and general information relative to the blocks illustrated above -s A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY WOODEN BLOCKS— HEAVY (1) Heavy Inside Iron Strapped Blocks. Thick Mortise (Harcourt's Patent) Loose Hooks. Iron Sheaves See illustration pag-e 78, Fig. 1 Dimensions Iron Bushed Metalline Bushed Self-Lubricating Size of Sheave 3?; go "hi: c 1. o £; 4}ixiyax]4 1 T $2.25 $4.00 $5.50 $4.25 $7.50 $10.00 Wi^Wi^Vi 1/8 8 2.75 4.50 6.30 5.00 9.00 13.00 S^xl^xJ^ 1/8 9 3.15 5.25 7.25 5.75 10.50 15.00 e^xiKxK IK 10 4.00 6.50 8.50 7.25 13.50 19.00 r xi^xK IK 11 5.25 8.50 12.50 9.25 17.00 25.00 8 xl^xK IK 12 5.25 8.50 12.50 9.25 17.00 25.00 9 xlJ^xK IK 12 4.45 7.50 10.65 5.30 9.20 13.20 9 xlj^xji IK 13 7.00 10.50 15.00 8.15 12.80 18.45 9J^xl->gx% lJ-8 14 7.00 10.50 15.00 8.15 12.80 18.45 10 xl->^x% IK 15 8.00 13.00 18.00 9.25 15.50 21.75 11 xl%X?/8 1?''3 16 10.00 15.00 22.00 11.50 18.00 26.50 EXTRA HEAVY TACKLE BLOCKS (2) (Harcourt's Patent) Extra Heavily Strapped with Lashing Shackles For Railroad Wrecking Cars and Steamboat Use See illustration page 78, Fig. 2 Dimensions Common Iron Bushed Self- Lubricating Bronze Bushed Size of Sheave l! ID ^"5 a 11 "be C 3 C a 13x2J-3xl 14x2/8XlK 15x3^3x1 K 16x3--^xl^ 2K 2K 3 3K 18 20 22 24 $15.00 21.00 26.00 32.00 $29.00 37.00 48.00 56.00 $42.00 .54.00 70.00 84.00 $23.00 32.00 38.00 46.00 $44.00 54.00 70.00 85.00 $63.00 77.00 100.00 125.00 These blocks are strapped with Norway iron and heavy lashing shackle, and are suitable to hoist from 35 to 75 tons, being the strongest and .safest blocks in the world for heavy lifts. AUTOMATIC LINK SNATCH BLOCKS (3) FOR MANILA .ROPE Wooden Sides We now offer to the trade the latest and only auto- matic link snatch block. When the hook is unlocked you have only to press it against the link, which instantly locks it and remains so whether there is a load on it or not. It is impossible to shake the link open, making the most perfect wood snatch block ever put on the market. The iron work in these snatch blocks is as heavy, and our sheaves are as large and wide in the score, as any other make, while the workmanship is unsurpassed. .See illustration page 78, Fig. 3 Size of Sheave Diam- eter of Rope Size of Shell Iron Bushed Self-Lubri- cating Bronze Bushed 3 xii^^x y. K 6 $4.00 $5.25 3^x1 /sx % Vi 7 4.75 6.00 4Kxl|'^x y^ 1 8 5.75 7.25 5 xlj^x Yi IH 9 6.75 8.50 5^x1 /sx % IK 10 8.50 11.00 6Kx2/8X K IK 12 10.00 13.00 8 x2Kx /g IK 14 13.00 16.50 9 x354xl 2 16 17.00 22.00 10 x3 xl 2K IS 25.00 31.00 11 x3KxlK 3K 20 38.00 46.00 113^x4KxlK 3 22 55.00 68.00 12Kx4KxlK 3K 24 70.00 86.00 79 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY PATENT AUTOMATIC SNATCH BLOCKS Steel Hooks Steel Straps Steel Pins Steel Rivets Malleable Sides Impossible to Break the Sides We claim for these snatch blocks superiority at every point over anything in the world. Properly fastened they will never break. FOR MANILA ROPE See Fig. 4, page 78 Length of Shell Inches Plain Btished Self-Lubricating Phosphor Bronze Bushed Price Trade Xo. Price Trade Xo. 7 8 10 12 U 16 $4.75 5.75 8.50 10.00 13.00 17.00 200 202 204 206 208 210 $5.50 7.00 10.00 11.50 15.00 20.00 201 2m 205 207 209 211 STEEL TACKLE BLOCKS FOR MANILA ROPE See Fig 5, page 78 Steel Hooks Steel Straps Steel Pins Steel Rivets Impossible to Break the Sides All these blocks are equiv- alent to wide mortise wooden blocks, giving plenty of room for the rope. Our plain, roller bushed and self-lubricating sheaves are interchangeable. Dimensions Plain Roll er Self-Lub. Bushed Bush ed Phos. Bronze V. C > V g D O -S p. 1/ Price Price 2z Price \ Single . $0.90 1 $1.65 301 4 2Xx \\ A Double . 1.75 3 3.25 303 i Triple . 2.50 4.75 305 I Single . 1.00 1 $1.50 8 1.80 307 Wat^ 'A ^a] Double . 1.90 9 2.90 10 3.50 309 1 Triple . 2.75 11 4.25 12 5.15 311 \ Single . 1.25 13 1.75 14 2.10 313 6 %% X 1 '■' Double . 2.25 15 3.25 16 4.00 315 / Triple , 3.25 17 4.75 18 5.80 317 Single . 1.50 19 2.10 20 2.45 319 ( 4Xxl>^ 7A- Double 2.70 21 3.85 22 4.60 321 Triple . 4.00 23 5.80 24 6.85 323 Single . 1.85 25 2.55 26 2.90 325 8 5 xlX 1 - Double . 3.20 27 4.60 28 5.30 327 Triple . 4.75 29 6.85 30 7.90 329 Single . 2.40 31 3.20 32 3.55 331 9 ^Yz X 1 A l>s- Double . 4.00 33 5.60 34 6.30 333 Triple . 5.50 35 7.90 36 9.00 335 Single . 3.10 37 4.05 38 4.40 337 10 6Xxl^ i'4\ Double . 5.10 39 7.00 40 7.70 339 Triple . 7.00 41 9.85 42 11.00 341 Single . 5.00 48 6.00 44 6.45 343 12 lYz X 1 -4 l/s- Double . 8.25 45 10.35 46 11.15 345 Triple . 11.75 47 14:90 48 16.00 347 ( Single . 7.50 49 8.75 50 9.10 349 14 8>^xl^^ 114] Double . 11.75 51 14.25 52 15.00 351 Triple . 16.50 53 20.25 54 21.30 353 80 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY TABLE OF TRANSMISSION OF POWER BY WIRE ROPES See article, pages 46 and 47 dj 5| $1 iJ BX ■50 ^4- 0; 5i z c B'o 5 > a; u 8 80 H 8 8 120 H 39 8 100 h 3y. 8 140 H 45 3 120 /'S 4 9 80 T%-H \ 47 ] 48 4 80 H 4 9 100 ^-n j 58 \ 60 4 100 ■}i 5 9 120 1 69 j 73 4 120 H 6 9 140 i'^-H S 82 •< 84 4 140 H 7 10 80 H-H ( 64 i 68 5 80 t't; 9 10 100 ^-H j 80 \ 85 5 100 Tir 10 10 120 H-H i 96 "( 102 5 120 T« 12 10 140 >i-H j 112 ( 119 5 140 14 11 80 H 73 6 80 'A 13 11 100 'A 91 6 100 17 11 120 A 116 6 120 % 20 11 140 A 121 6 140 ■. 28 12 80 1 1 3/ \ 98 } 99 7 80 t'« 20 12 100 1 1 3 ( 116 ]124 7 100 TiV 25 12 120 U-'4 jl40 n49 7 120 il '1 ir 80 12 120 A 173 7 140 !1 1 r, 35 14 80 1-1 >i f 141 1 148 8 80 /S 26 14 100 1—1 ys j 176 M85 8 100 ;''S 32 14 120 1 222 The above table shows the proper relation between the rope and wheels used in transmit- ting power by means of wire rope, and gives ap- proximately the amount of power that may be thus transmitted. LIST FOR LABOR OF SPLICING ROPE TO MAKE ENDLESS See pages 47, 48 and 49 on Splicing Diameter of Rope in Inches List for Splicing \y2 to IX lA to A X^o A A to A $4.50 4.00 3.50 3.00 2.50 The charge named to be in addition to the charge made for rope used in making the splice. The prices named to apply only on wire rope spliced at the works of the manufacturer. FERRY BLOCK AND TRAVELER See illu.strations, page 44 Price Wrought-iron ferry block, with two 6-inch common sheaves $6.00 Wrought-iron ferry block, with two 8-inch common sheaves 9.00 Wrought-iron ferry traveler, with single 10- inch common sheave 4.00 Wrought-iron ferry traveler, with single 12- inch common sheave 7.00 The lightest, strongest and most durable blocks made; can be taken apart and parts re- placed with ease. Made to fit any size rope. To make your wire rope last long, use A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE GO.'S WIRE ROPE PRESERVER See article, page 7 The best made. Prevents rust and abrasion. No person using wire rope can afford to do with- out it. It prevents abrasion of the rope in contact with hard substances. Wire rope will last almost twice as long with the preserver as without it. The preserver prevents wire in the rope from rusting. It is the best material for coating wire rope that can be applied to it. 10-pound packages each 25-pound packages each oO-pound packages each 100-pound packages each Put up in barrels, special price. Price $1.50 3.75 6.75 12.00 81 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Black Manila Rope (Trade mark registered) For Transmission of Power A specially prepared rope, made from the best long fibre, strictly pure selected manila hemp, laid in plumbago, beeswax and tallow. More work CAN BE DONE WITH IT THAN Wnil AW OTHER FIBRE ROI'E OX THE MARKET. Our Black Manila is a very superior rope for transmission of power. The first cost per pound is somewhat greater, but it is the most economical rope a consumer can obtain. Ordinary rope chafes and grinds to a powder in the center, while the exterior may look as though it were but little worn. In bending a rope over a sheave, the strands and the yarns of the strands slide a short distance upon each other, causing friction and wearing of the rope in- ternally. Open a worn rope by untwisting the strands and a fine powder will be found, showing that when the rope was bent over the sheave the strands in slidinQf over each other oround some of the fibres to powder. To prevent this difficulty we lubricate the fibres with plumbago mixed with tallow and other ingredients to lubricate and water- proof same. This also lubricates the threads of the rope and prevents internal chafing. We make Black Manila rope with four strands only. It is stronger than three-strand rope and wears rounder and smoother. An examination of a cross section of the four-strand and the three-strand rope will show that the section of the four-strand rope is much nearer a circle, and also that the area of the strands in contact with each other to bear the strain is much greater. To prevent an inferior rope being sold for our manufacture, we have registered the words " Black Manila" as a trade-mark by which our rope will be known. We have but one quality and it is the best. 82 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY "LESGHEN'S BEST" PURE MANILA ROPE Made 3 and 4 strand and Hawser laid for all manila rope purposes. This brand is constructed entirely from long fibre, carefully selected manila hemp, absolutely pure, free from any mixture of sisal, istle or other fibres, and no talc nor other foreign substances to make weight is included. The price is but little above that of faulty manila and for durability and trustworthiness it is highly recommended, OTHER CORDAGE Sisal rope for all purposes for which it is adapted, lath yarn, tarred marlin and hemp packing of all kinds is in stock constantly. APPROXIMATE WEIGHT AND STRENGTH OF MANILA ROPE Manila, sisal, New Zealand and jute ropes weigh (about) alike. Tarred hemp cordage will weigh (about) one-fourth more. Manila is about 25 per cent, stronger than sisal. Working load about one- quarter of breaking strain. Circum- ference in Inches Diameter in Inches Weight of 1,(X)0 Feet in Pounds Number o'f Feet and Inches in One Pound Strength of New Manila Rope in Pounds Circum- ference in Inches Diameter in Inches Weight of 1,000 Feet in Pounds Number of Feet and Inches in One Pound Strength of New Manila Rope in Pounds % 1 I's V-i \% 2 2 '4 2/2 3 3'/ 3)4 4 'A 9 T« H 1 3 1 1; 1 \\i 23 33 42 52 74 101 132 167 207 250 297 349 405 465 529 50 33 25 19 11 9 7 6 5 4 3' 6 2' 10" 2' 4" 2 1" \ 10" 450 780 1,000 1,280 1,760 2,400 3,140 3,970 4,900 5,900 7,000 S,200 9,600 11,000 12,500 VA AH 5 5>^ 6 6X 6>^ 7 'I'A 8 S% 9 9>^ 10 IK Ij^ \% \% irs 2 2ys 2X 2yi 2fV 2H 2^ 3 "IK 597 669 746 826 1,000 1,190 1,291 1,397 1,620 1,860 2,116 2,388 2,673 2,983 3,306 rs" 1' 5" 1' 4" 1'2 1 10" 9/2" r 5«^" 5" 4^" 4" 3^^" 14,000 15,800 17,600 19,500 23,700 ' 28,000 33,000 38,000 44,000 50,000 60,000 63,000 67,700 70,000 78.000 We Carry a Large Stock of Manila and Sisal Rope GOTTON WASTE No. XXX, white No. I, white No. 2, white In Bales of 100 Pounds No. I, colored No. 2, colored No. 3, colored OAKUM In Bales of 50 Pounds Best United States Navy Navy Plumbers Get our samples and prices before buying elsewhere. A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Telegraphic Code Code Word Academy Accede Accent Acclaim Accord Accrue Acorn Acre ■ Acrobat Actor • Acute Adage Adept Admiral Adore Adroit Adust Babe . . Bachelor . Backward Badge Baffler Bait . Bakery Balcony Baleful Balk . Ballad Ship Ship by rail. vShip by boat. Ship by express. Ship by express C. O. D. Ship sight draft with bill of lading. Ship to our order, sight draft with bill of lading. We have shipped via. By what route did you ship ? We can ship at once. We cannot ship. We will ship to-day. We will ship to-morrow. We can ship part of order. How soon can you ship ? Can you ship to-day ? Ship on reel containing Can ship in days. Order Make and hold for shipping instruc- tions. Do not ship order. Hold for further instructions order. We have received order. We have not received order. We have an order. We do not care to accept order. Add to order. Increase our order. Decrease our order. Our order is incorrect. Code Word Balloon Can we change your order (number or date)? Bandit Change our order to read. Banish If not on hand how soon can vou make ? Banking How much have you on hand ? Banter Answer by wire. Barb . Answer b}- night message. Barber Answer by mail. Barley Referring to your letter. Baronet Referring to our letter. Barrier Referring to your telegram. Bashful Referring to our telegram. Basket Duplicate our order (number or date). Battery Duplicate on our order (number or date). Bawling Right lay. Bazaar Left lay. Beacon Lang lay. Beadle Regular lay. Beamless Closed socket fastened to one end. Bearded Closed socket fastened to each end. Bearer Open socket fastened to one end. Beast . Open socket fastened to each end. Beaten Hook and socket fastened to one end. Beaver Swivel hook fastened on one end. Beckon Hook and thimble on one end. Becoming Oval thimble spliced in one end. Bedding Oval thimble spliced in each end. Beefsteak Hook fastened at one end and link fastened at other end. Beehive ■ Hook and link fastened at one end and link fastened at other end. A. LESCHEN «& SONS ROPE COMPANY Telegraph Code —Continued Code Word Feet Code W,.rd Feet Code Wm-d Feet Code Word Feet Code Word Feet Maabdeh . 1 Macherode 55 Makouke 325 Meekness . 3,700 Mehrbar 9,100 Maacah . . 2 Machiller . 56 Maldigo 350 Meelbak 3,800 Mehren 9,200 Maagader . 3 Machinabor 57 Maleventi 375 Meelboom 3,900 Mehrfach 9,300 Maagsap 4 Machinho 58 Mallard - 400 Meelkalk . 4,000 Mehrgebot 9,400 Maakloon . 5 Machionis 59 Maltesas 425 Meelpap 4,100 Mehrmals 9.500 Maaksel 6 Machlosyne 60 Malzhaus 450 Meelstof 4,200 Mehrtaxe . 9,600 Maakten t Machlyes 61 Manabilis 475 Meeltrog 4,300 Mehrzahl . 9,700 Maalstrom 8 Machmas 62 Mandflesch 500 Meelvat 4,400 Meidbar 9,800 Maandag 9 Macho 63 Mangime 525 Meerbad 4,500 Meile . . 9,900 Maandloop 10 Machoiran 64 Maniquete 550 Meerblau 4,600 Meilenweit 10,000 Maankap 11 Machonner 65 Mannsvolk 575 Meerfisch 4,700 Meilucht . 11,000 Maanoog VI Machoquet 66 Manocage 600 Meerfloh 4,800 Meinung . 12,000 Mabuse 13 Machron . 67 Mantram 625 Meerfluth 4,900 Meister . 13,000 Macaco 14 Machtgever 68 Marathi 650 Meerfrosch 5,000 Meiveld . 14,000 Macadura . 15 Machtlos . 69 Marcidity 675 Meergans 5,100 Meiwind . 15,000 Macaglie 16 Machtquell 70 Margelle 700 Meergott 5,200 Meiworm 16.000 Macalon IT Machtrede 71 Markpfahl 725 Meerhafen 5,300 Meizon . 17,000 Macamorda IS Machtreich 72 Marlpriem 750 Meerkat 5,400 Mejet . . 18.000 Macanas 19 Machtsucht 73 Marsepein 775 Meerkohl 5,500 Mejilla . 19,000 Macaque 20 Machtvoll 74 Maschine 800 Meerkrebs 5,600 Mejorado 20.000 Macarello . 21 Machtwort 75 Massgeben 825 Meerlachs 5,700 Mejoro . 25,000 Macarenas 22 Machucado 76 Mastiff . 850 Meerluft 5,800 Melafolio . 30,000 Macareux . 23 Machucar 77 Matalones 875 Meerochs 5,900 Melanfillo 35,000 Macariotes 24 Machuele 78 Matroca 900 Meerpark 6,000 Melanico . 40,000 Macarite 25 Machurat ■ 79 Matulis 925 Meerplant 6,100 Melanism . 45,000 Macarizing 2G Machurons 80 Mauerwall 950 Meerstaat 6,200 Melanthos 50,000 Macaw . 27 Maciabit • 81 Maxagua 975 Meerstrom 6,300 Melapium 55,000 Macbeth 28 Macidez 82 Mechazo 1,000 Meertau 6,400 Melarosa . 60,000 Maccius 29 Macigno 83 Mechir . 1.100 Meerthier 6,500 Melasma . 65,000 Maccoboy . 30 Macilence 84 Mechones 1,200 Meertraube 6,600 Melcam . 70,000 Maccum 31 Macinandos 85 Meckern 1,300 Meerval 6,700 Melde . . 75.000 Maceada . 32 Macinasse 86 Mecodeme 1,400 Meervolk 6,800 Meldest . 80,000 Maceare 33 Macinella 87 Meconato 1,500 Meerwater 6,900 Meldung . 85,000 Macebat . 34 Macini . 88 Meconico 1,600 Meerwinde 7,000 Melenso . 90,000 Macebimus 35 Macinoso • 89 Medaba 1,700 Meetbar 7,100 Meleto . 95,000 Macedonio 3(5 Macisbonne 90 Medalic 1,800 Meetbrief 7,200 Meleze . 100,000 Macellava • 37 Mackles . 91 Medardo 1,900 Meetkan 7,300 Melgar . 200,000 Macellinus 38 Maclifere . 92 Meddix . 2,000 Meetlood 7,400 Meliaca . 300,000 Maceran 39 Macline 93 Medeborg 2,100 Meevallers 7,500 Meliflua . 400.000 Maceraste . 40 Maclosina 94 Medegast 2,200 Megale . 7,600 Melitos . 500,000 Macersi 41 Maclou 95 Medehulp 2,300 Megapode 7,700 Melkart . 600,000 Macescet 42 Maclovio . 96 Medela ■ 2,400 Megarde 7,800 Melkbad . 700,000 Machabeos 43 Macoco 97 Medelid 2,500 Megasse 7,900 Melkboer . 800,000 Machacaz 44 Macolla 98 Medendos 2,600 Megille - 8,000 Melkbrood 900,000 | Machacona 45 Macomades 99 Medeole 2,700 Meglio . 8,100 Melkbrug 1,000,000 Machado . 46 Macoraba 100 Medica . 2,800 Mehida 8,200 Melkjuk 1,100.000 Machinadas 47 Macrostico 125 Medidor 2,900 Mehlarm 8,300 Melkkom 1,200.000 Machary 48 Madama • 150 Mediocre 3,000 Mehlbaum 8,400 Melklam 1,300,000 Machatins . 49 Madman . 175 Meditar 3,100 Mehlblume 8,500 Melkmaat 1,400,000 | Machbenah 50 Madytus 200 Medivel 3,200 Mehldorn 8,600 Melkpot 1,500.000 Machefer 51 Mafrach 225 Medley . 3,300 Mehlgips 8,700 Melksap 1,600,000 Machelier . 52 Magilph 250 Medma . 3,400 Mehlicht 8.800 Melksaus 1,700,000 Machement 53 Maharbal • 275 Medras • 3,500 Mehlteig 8.900 Melkweg 1,800,000 Macherlohn 54 Maigrot 300 Meeken . 3,600 Mehola . . 9,000 Mellay 1,900,000 85 A. LESGHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Index Page Aerial Wire Rope Tramways lo-28 Friction Grip System 25 Patent Automatic System 17-23 Patent Special Automatic System . . 28, 24 Single Carrier System 27 Single Line System 26 Two Bucket System 27 Wire Rope for Tramways 28 Atlas Clips ' 73 Ballast Unloader Ropes 67, 68 Black Manila Rope 82 Blocks— Ferry Blocks 44, 81 Ferry Travelers 44, 81 Gin Blocks 76 Malleable Iron for Wire Rope .... 77 Snatch — Automatic Link for Manila Rope 79 Snatch — for Manila Rope, Steel .... 80 Snatch — Manila Rope, Wood 79 Snatch — Wire Rope 77 Steel — for Wire Rope 76, 77 Steel — Wrought, Extra Heavy, for Wire Rope 76, 77 Tackle — Extra Heavy, for Manila Rope 78, 79 Tackle— Steel, for Manila Rope ... 78, 80 Wooden — Iron Strapped 78, 79 Wooden — Iron Strapped, Thick Mortise 78, 79 Wooden — Iron Strapped. Extra Heavy 78, 79 Bridge Cables — Galvanized Steel .... 45, 65 Bridge Hanger Rods — Ernst Patent ... 45 Bridge Sockets — Open and Closed . . . 72, 73 Bushings — Phosphor Bronze Self-lubri- cating 74, 75 Cablewavs 36, 37 Chain ' 72, 73 Clamps — Extra Heavy 72, 73 Clips— Atlas 72. 73 Crosby 70, 71 Coating for Wire Rope 8, 81 Code— Telegraphic 84, 85 Cord Sash — Copper, Iron, Tinned and Gal- vanized 63 Cordage — Black Manila 82 Other Manila and Sisal N8 Fastenings for Wire Rope— Clamps — Extra Heavy 72, 73 Clips— Atlas 72, 73 Clips— Crosby 70. 71 Hercules Swivel Hook and Socket . 70, 71 Hook and Socket 70, 71 Hook and Thimble 70, 71 Shackle Hook — Keystone Safety, Quick Acting, Close Fitting . . .72, 73 Shackles — Iron Guy 72 Sister Hook and Thimble 72 Sockets — Bridge and Cableway . . .72, 73 Sockets — Closed, Open 70 Swivel Hook and Socket 70, 71 Thimbles 70, 71, 72 Oval — Extra Heavy, Loose .... 72 Spliced in Oval, Extra Heavy . . 70, 71 Turnbuckles — Hook and Eye . . . 72, 73 Ferry Block 44, 81 Rope 44 Travelers 44, 81 Page Fl.vttenei) str.-^ni) wire ROi'E — Description of 9 Illustration 50, 52 Price List and Data .... 51, 53, 54, 55 Galvanized Iron and Cast Steel Running Rope 65 Galvanized Iron Wire Rope — Illustrated . . 58 Price List and Data 64 Galvanized Mast Arm Rope (53 Galvanized Sash Cord 63 Galvanized Steel Bridge Cables — Illustration 45 Price Lists and Data 65 Galvanized Steel Hawsers 66 Galvanized Strand — Illustrated 58 Price List and Data 63 Galvanized Thimbles — Loose 72 Spliced in 70, 71 (lin Blocks 76 Grease — Wire Rope — Price List and Data . 81 Guy Shackles 72 Hanger Rods^Ernst Patent 45 Haulage — Wire Rope 29-35 Endless Rope System 34, 35 Engine Planes 31 Gravity Planes 29, 30 Inclined Planes 29 Tail Rope System 32, 33, 34 Hercules Wire Rope — Description of . . . 12 P.\TE.\ r II.ATTKNEIJ STRAND CoUStrUCtion Illustrated 50 Price List and Data 51 Roimd Strand Construction — Illustrated . 56 Price List and Data 57 Historical 5, 6 Hook and Socket 70, 71 Hook and Thimble 70, 71 Hooks — Safety Shackle — Quick Acting — Close Fitting . . . . "" 72, 73 Hooks, Rings and Couplings — Light Pattern 69 Keystone Safety Shackle Hook — Quick Acting — Close Fitting 72, 73 Lang's Lay 11 Logging by Wire Rope 40, 41 Lubricating Bushings 74, 75 Manila Rope — Black — Leschen's 82 Ordinary 83 Table of Weights 83 Oakum 83 Power — Transmission of — Article . . . 46, 47 Power — Transmission of — Table 81 Preserver — Wire Rope — Description ... S Price List 81 Rubber Sheave Filling 74, 75 Rods — Hanger — Ernst Patent 45 Rope — Manila — vSisal 82, 83 Safety and Economy — Article on. (See Wire Rope) 7 Self-lubricating Bushings 74, 75 Shackles — Guy 72 Sheaves — for Wire Rope 74, 75 Filling — Rubber 74, 75 Heavy Pattern 74, 75 Hoisting — Heavy 74, 75 Transmission 74, 75 Webb Pattern 74, 75 Sisal Rope ^3 86 A. LESCHEN & SONS ROPE COMPANY Index— Continued Page Sister Hook and Thimble 72 Sockets— Bridge 72, 73 Cable way 72, 73 Closed— Open 70 Splicing — Directions for Ascertaining Length 47 Illustrated Directions 48, 49 List for 81 Necessary Tools 47 Strand— Galvanized 58, 63 Switch Ropes— Hercules and Special Steel . 67 Plow Steel and Crucible Steel .... 68 Tackle Blocks— Manila Rope . . . .78, 79, 80 Tackle Blocks— Wire Rope 76, 77 Telegraphic Code 84, 85 Thimbles— Loose 72 Spliced in 70, 71 Tramways, Aerial Wire Rope 15-28 Friction Grip System 25, 26 Patent Automatic System 17 Patent Special Automatic System . . . 28 Single Carrier System 27 Single Line Svstem 26 Two Bucket System 27 Wire Rope for Tramways 28 Transmission of Power — Article on . . . 46, 47* Transmission of Power — Sheaves for . . 74, 75 Transmission of Power — Table 81 Turnbuckles — Hook and Eye 72, 73 Waste, Cotton— White and'Colored .... 83 Wire Rope — Ballast Unloader 67, 68 Cableways 36, 87 Crucible Steel — Description 13 Patent ti-^ttened str.anu Construc- tion — Illustrated 52 Price List and Data 54 Round Strand Construction — Illus- trated 58 Price List and Data 60 Derrick 43 Derrick Guys 58, 64 Dredges 43 Endless Rope System 34, 35 Engine Planes 31 Ferrv 44 Fittings (see Fastenings for Wire Rope) Friction Grip System 25, 26 Galvanized Iron Wire Rope — Description 14 Illustrated 58 Price List and Data 64 Galvanized Mast Arm Rope 63 Galvanized Running Rope — Iron and Cast Steel 65 Galvanized Steel Bridge Cables . . .45, 65 Galvanized Steel Hawsers 66 Gravity Planes 29, 30 Grease 7, 81 Haulage — Wire Rope Systems . . . 29-35 Hercules Wire Rope — Description of . . 12 Patent flattened strand Construc- tion—Illustrated 50 Price List and Data 51 Round Strand Construction — Illus- trated 56 Page Wire Rope — Con/. Hercules Wire Rope — Round Strand- Price List and Data 57 How to Measure 8 How to Order 8 Incline Planes 29 Lang's Lay H Logging ^^' '^i Lubrication of 7 Mining 38, 39 Patent i-lattened strand — Description of 9 Illustrated 50, 52 Price List and Data . . .51, 53, 54, 55 Plow Steel— Round Strand Construction —Illustrated 58 Price List and Data 61 Quality — Article on 1 1 Quarrying 43 Remarks on L^se of 7 Cableways 36, 37 Derricks 43 Dredges 43 Logging 40. 41 Mining 38, 39 Quarrying 43 Steam Shovels 43 Safetv and Economy — Article on . . . 7 Sash'Cords— Copper— Iron, Tinned and Galvanized 63 Single Carrier System 27 Single Line System 26 Special Steel — Description 13 P.^TENT FL.^TTENED STRAND Construc- tion — Illustrated 52 Price List and Data 53 Round Strand Construction— Illus- trated 58 Price List and Data 59 Splicing — Directions for Ascertaining Length 47 Illustrated Directions 48, 49 List 81 Necessar}^ Tools 47 Steam Shovels 43 Strand — Galvanized — Illustrated ... 58 Price List and Data 63 Suspension Bridge Cables 45, 65 Swedes Iron — Description 13 Patent flattened strand Construc- tion — Illustrated 52 Price List and Data 55 Round Strand Construction — Illus- trated 58 Price List and Data 62 Switch Ropes- Hercules and Special Steel 67 Plow Steel and Crucible Steel ... 68 Tail Rope System 32, 33, 34 Tiller — Swedes Iron — Description of . . 14 Illustrated 58 Price List and Data 63 Tramways — Aerial Wire Rope . . . 15-28 , Transmission — Article on 46, 47 Transmission — Table 81 Wire Rope for Tramways 28 S? Cliasmar-Winchell Press New York — Pittsburgh — Cleveland 7 yvv ,V f \\ % n / ■\''/'.'' \^ /x •^??#- fc^?^ \ \ \\ / / r^/ \ \^' :J"t, /VV> X }AJ\